Driving performance on the descending limb of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in undergraduate students: a pilot study.
Young drivers are overrepresented in collisions resulting in fatalities. It is not uncommon for young drivers to socially binge drink and decide to drive a vehicle a few hours after consumption. To better understand the risks that may be associated with this behaviour, the present study has examined the effects of a social drinking bout followed by a simulated drive in undergraduate students on the descending limb of their BAC (blood alcohol concentration) curve. Two groups of eight undergraduate students (n = 16) took part in this study. Participants in the alcohol group were assessed before drinking, then at moderate and low BAC as well as 24 hours post-acute consumption. This group consumed an average of 5.3 ± 1.4 (mean ± SD) drinks in an hour in a social context and were then submitted to a driving and a predicted crash risk assessment. The control group was assessed at the same time points without alcohol intake or social context.; at 8 a.m., noon, 3 p.m. and 8 a.m. the next morning. These multiple time points were used to measure any potential learning effects from the assessment tools (i.e. driving simulator and useful field of view test (UFOV)). Diminished driving performance at moderate BAC was observed with no increases in predicted crash risk. Moderate correlations between driving variables were observed. No association exists between driving variables and UFOV variables. The control group improved measures of selective attention after the third assessment. No learning effect was observed from multiple sessions with the driving simulator. Our results show that a moderate BAC, although legal, increases the risky behaviour. Effects of alcohol expectancy could have been displayed by the experimental group. UFOV measures and predicted crash risk categories were not sensitive enough to predict crash risk for young drivers, even when intoxicated.
Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada; Healthy Driver Research Group, Université de Moncton, Moncton, Canada.
Mathieu
M
Tremblay
École de kinésiologie et de loisir, Université de Moncton, Moncton, Canada; Healthy Driver Research Group, Université de Moncton, Moncton, Canada.
François
F
Gallant
MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) AgeLab & New England University Transportation Center, Cambridge, United States of America.
Martin
M
Lavallière
Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada; Healthy Driver Research Group, Université de Moncton, Moncton, Canada.
Martine
M
Chiasson
School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada.
Dustin
D
Silvey
School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada.
David
D
Behm
Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada.
Wayne J
WJ
Albert
École de kinésiologie et de loisir, Université de Moncton, Moncton, Canada; Healthy Driver Research Group, Université de Moncton, Moncton, Canada.
Michel J
MJ
Johnson
D000067292:Alcohol Drinking in College; D001288:Attention / Q000187:drug effects; D001334:Automobile Driving; D000067401:Blood Alcohol Content; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D012306:Risk; D013334:Students; D055815:Young Adult
D000067401:Blood Alcohol Content; D000431:Ethanol