Associations of key diet-quality indexes with mortality in the Multiethnic Cohort: the Dietary Patterns Methods Project.
BACKGROUND
Healthy dietary patterns have been linked positively with health and longevity. However, prospective studies in diverse populations in the United States addressing dietary patterns and mortality are limited.


OBJECTIVE
We assessed the ability of the following 4 diet-quality indexes [the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010), the Alternative HEI-2010 (AHEI-2010), the alternate Mediterranean diet score (aMED), and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)] to predict the reduction in risk of mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer.


METHODS
White, African American, Native Hawaiian, Japanese American, and Latino adults (n = 215,782) from the Multiethnic Cohort completed a quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Scores for each dietary index were computed and divided into quintiles for men and women. Mortality was documented over 13-18 y of follow-up. HRs and 95% CIs were computed by using adjusted Cox models.


RESULTS
High HEI-2010, AHEI-2010, aMED, and DASH scores were all inversely associated with risk of mortality from all causes, CVD, and cancer in both men and women (P-trend < 0.0001 for all models). For men, the HEI-2010 was consistently associated with a reduction in risk of mortality for all causes (HR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.79), CVD (HR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.81), and cancer (HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.83) when lowest and highest quintiles were compared. In women, the AHEI and aMED showed large reductions for all-cause mortality (HR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.74, 0.82), the AHEI showed large reductions for CVD (HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.83), and the aMED showed large reductions for cancer (HR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.76, 0. 92).


CONCLUSIONS
These results, in a US multiethnic population, suggest that consuming a dietary pattern that achieves a high diet-quality index score is associated with lower risk of mortality from all causes, CVD, and cancer in adult men and women.
From the Departmental and Institutional Affiliations, Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (BE Harmon, CJB, YBS, RE, LRW, LLM, and LNK); the Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD (JR); and the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (BE Henderson).
Brook E
BE
Harmon
From the Departmental and Institutional Affiliations, Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (BE Harmon, CJB, YBS, RE, LRW, LLM, and LNK); the Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD (JR); and the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (BE Henderson).
Carol J
CJ
Boushey
From the Departmental and Institutional Affiliations, Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (BE Harmon, CJB, YBS, RE, LRW, LLM, and LNK); the Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD (JR); and the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (BE Henderson).
Yurii B
YB
Shvetsov
From the Departmental and Institutional Affiliations, Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (BE Harmon, CJB, YBS, RE, LRW, LLM, and LNK); the Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD (JR); and the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (BE Henderson).
Reynolette
R
Ettienne
From the Departmental and Institutional Affiliations, Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (BE Harmon, CJB, YBS, RE, LRW, LLM, and LNK); the Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD (JR); and the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (BE Henderson).
Jill
J
Reedy
From the Departmental and Institutional Affiliations, Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (BE Harmon, CJB, YBS, RE, LRW, LLM, and LNK); the Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD (JR); and the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (BE Henderson).
Lynne R
LR
Wilkens
From the Departmental and Institutional Affiliations, Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (BE Harmon, CJB, YBS, RE, LRW, LLM, and LNK); the Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD (JR); and the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (BE Henderson).
Loic
L
Le Marchand
From the Departmental and Institutional Affiliations, Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (BE Harmon, CJB, YBS, RE, LRW, LLM, and LNK); the Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD (JR); and the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (BE Henderson).
Brian E
BE
Henderson
From the Departmental and Institutional Affiliations, Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (BE Harmon, CJB, YBS, RE, LRW, LLM, and LNK); the Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD (JR); and the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (BE Henderson).
Laurence N
LN
Kolonel
D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D001213:Asian; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006254:Hawaii / Q000453:epidemiology; D006293:Health Promotion; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000208:ethnology; D015141:Los Angeles / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D044468:Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011446:Prospective Studies; D044465:White People
dietary indexes; epidemiology; multiethnic; risk factors; survival