The origin of groundwater composition in the Pampeano Aquifer underlying the Del Azul Creek basin, Argentina.
The Pampean plain is the most productive region in Argentina. The Pampeano Aquifer beneath the Pampean plain is used mostly for drinking water. The study area is the sector of the Pampeano Aquifer underlying the Del Azul Creek basin, in Buenos Aires province. The main objective is to characterize the chemical and isotopic compositions of groundwater and their origin on a regional scale. The methodology used involved the identification and characterization of potential sources of solutes, the study of rain water and groundwater chemical and isotopic characteristics to deduce processes, the development of a hydrogeochemical conceptual model, and its validation by hydrogeochemical modelling with PHREEQC. Groundwater samples come mostly from a two-depth monitoring network of the "Dr. Eduardo J. Usunoff" Large Plains Hydrology Institute (IHLLA). Groundwater salinity increases from SW to NE, where groundwater is saline. In the upper basin groundwater is of the HCO3-Ca type, in the middle basin it is HCO3-Na, and in the lower basin it is ClSO4-NaCa and Cl-Na. The main processes incorporating solutes to groundwater during recharge in the upper basin are rain water evaporation, dissolution of CO2, calcite, dolomite, silica, and anorthite; cationic exchange with Na release and Ca and Mg uptake, and clay precipitation. The main processes modifying groundwater chemistry along horizontal flow at 30 m depth from the upper to the lower basin are cationic exchange, dissolution of silica and anorthite, and clay precipitation. The origin of salinity in the middle and lower basin is secular evaporation in a naturally endorheic area. In the upper and middle basins there is agricultural pollution. In the lower basin the main pollution source is human liquid and solid wastes. Vertical infiltration through the boreholes annular space during the yearly flooding stages is probably the pollution mechanism of the samples at 30 m depth.
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras "Dr. Eduardo J. Usunoff", Av. República Italia 780, 7300 Azul, Provincia Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: mzabala@faa.unicen.edu.ar.
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Zabala
Escuela de Ingeniería de Caminos, Canales y Puertos y de Ingeniería de Minas, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, P° de Alfonso XIII 52, E-30203 Cartagena, Spain. Electronic address: marisol.manzano@upct.es.
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Manzano
Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras "Dr. Eduardo J. Usunoff", Av. República Italia 780, 7300 Azul, Provincia Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: lvives@faa.unicen.edu.ar.
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D001118:Argentina; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D060587:Groundwater / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D062070:Hydrology; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
Del Azul Creek basin; Groundwater chemistry origin; Hydrogeochemical modelling; Isotopic enrichment; Pampeano Aquifer