Detection of subnanotesla oscillatory magnetic fields using MRI.
OBJECTIVE
Direct mapping of neuronal currents using MRI would have fundamental impacts on brain functional imaging. Previous reports indicated that the stimulus-induced rotary saturation (SIRS) mechanism had the best potential of direct detection of neural oscillations; however, it lacked the high-sensitivity level needed. In this study, a novel strategy is proposed in an effort to improve the detection sensitivity.


METHODS
In our modified SIRS sequence, an external oscillatory magnetic field is used as the excitation pulse in place of the standard 90-degree excitation pulse. This approach could potentially lead to tens or even hundreds times of enhancement in the detection sensitivity for low field signals. It also helps to lower the physiological noise, allows for shorter pulse repetition time, and is less affected by the blood oxygen level.


RESULTS
We demonstrate that a 100-Hz oscillatory magnetic field with magnitude as low as 0.25 nanotesla generated in a current loop can be robustly detected using a 3-Tesla MRI scanner.


CONCLUSIONS
The modified SIRS sequence offers higher detection sensitivity as well as several additional advantages. These promising results suggest that the direct detection of neural oscillation might be within the grasp of the current MRI technology.
Brain Research Imaging Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637.
Xia
X
Jiang
Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.|Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Jingwei
J
Sheng
Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.|Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Huanjie
H
Li
Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.|Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Yuhui
Y
Chai
Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
Xin
X
Zhou
GE Healthcare MR Research China, Beijing, China.
Bing
B
Wu
Brain Research Imaging Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637.
Xiaodong
X
Guo
Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.|Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.|McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Jia-Hong
JH
Gao
D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D060526:Magnetic Fields; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
doubly rotating frame; functional magnetic resonance imaging; neural oscillation; neuronal current; stimulus induced rotary saturation