Seropositivity and serointensity of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and DNA among patients with schizophrenia.
The aim of this cross sectional case control study was to examine the serofrequency and serointensity of Toxoplasma gondii (Tg) IgG, IgM, and DNA among patients with schizophrenia. A total of 101 patients with schizophrenia and 55 healthy controls from Sungai Buloh Hospital, Selangor, Malaysia and University Malaya Medical Center (UMMC) were included in this study. The diagnosis of schizophrenia was made based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). The presence of Tg infection was examined using both indirect (ELISA) and direct (quantitative real-time PCR) detection methods by measuring Tg IgG and IgM and DNA, respectively. The serofrequency of Tg IgG antibodies (51.5%, 52/101) and DNA (32.67%, 33/101) among patients with schizophrenia was significantly higher than IgG (18.2%, 10/55) and DNA (3.64%, 2/55) of the controls (IgG, P=0.000, OD=4.8, CI=2.2-10.5; DNA, P=0.000, OD=12.9, CI=2.17-10.51). However, the Tg IgM antibody between patients with schizophrenia and controls was not significant (P>0.005). There was no significant difference (P>0.005) in both serointensity of Tg IgG and DNA between patients with schizophrenia and controls. These findings have further demonstrated the strong association between the active Tg infection and schizophrenia.
Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National University of Defence, Malaysia.
Ainsah
A
Omar
Faculty of Medicine, University Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
Osman Che
OC
Bakar
Faculty of Medicine, University Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
Nor Fatini
NF
Adam
Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National University of Defence, Malaysia.
Hakim
H
Osman
Faculty of Medicine, Management Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
Arina
A
Osman
Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Ahmad Hatim
AH
Suleiman
Department of Community Health, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Mohd Rizal Abdul
MR
Manaf
Faculty of Medicine, University Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
Mohd Ikhsan
MI
Selamat
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D008296:Malaysia; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications*; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014123:Toxoplasmosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology*; D055815:Young Adult
D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M
Toxoplasma gondii; schizophrenia; serofrequency; serointensity