Differential effects of habitual chow-based and semi-purified diets on lipid metabolism in lactating rats and their offspring.
Diet during pregnancy and lactation is a critical factor in relation to the health of dams and their offspring. Currently, control diets used in metabolic imprinting studies differ in composition and type, i.e. semi-purified diets (SD) or chow-based diets (ND). The aim of the present study was to determine whether two widely used control diets, a SD and a ND, that mainly differ in fat content (5·08 and 3·26 %, respectively) and its sources (soyabean oil for the SD and cereals and fish for the ND), fibre (6 and 15 %, respectively), and cholesterol (26 and 69 mg/kg diet, respectively) can influence the lipid metabolism of dams and their offspring. Wistar rats were fed either the SD or the ND during pregnancy and lactation. At weaning, SD-fed dams presented severe hepatic steatosis and increased levels of circulating TAG, NEFA and insulin. Importantly, the offspring presented an altered plasma lipid profile. In contrast, the ND allowed for a normal gestation and lactation process, and did not affect the metabolism of offspring. In parallel, virgin rats fed the SD showed no metabolic alterations. A higher intake of SFA and MUFA and a lower consumption of PUFA observed in SD-fed dams during the lactation period could contribute to explaining the observed effects. In conclusion, two different control diets produced very different outcomes in the lipid metabolism of lactating rats and their offspring. The present results highlight the importance of the assessment of the metabolic state of dams when interpreting the results of metabolic programming studies.
Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut (CTNS), TECNIO, CEICS, Avinguda Universitat, 1,43204Reus,Spain.
Josep Maria
JM
Del Bas
Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut (CTNS), TECNIO, CEICS, Avinguda Universitat, 1,43204Reus,Spain.
Antoni
A
Caimari
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn),Palma de Mallorca,Spain.
Enzo
E
Ceresi
Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia,Nutrigenomics Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili,Tarragona,Spain.
Anna
A
Arola-Arnal
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn),Palma de Mallorca,Spain.
Andreu
A
Palou
Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut (CTNS), TECNIO, CEICS, Avinguda Universitat, 1,43204Reus,Spain.
Lluís
L
Arola
Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut (CTNS), TECNIO, CEICS, Avinguda Universitat, 1,43204Reus,Spain.
Anna
A
Crescenti
D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000009:adverse effects; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development; D005526:Food, Formulated / Q000009:adverse effects; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007774:Lactation / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012107:Research Design
D015415:Biomarkers; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins
Offspring