Assessment of fetal malformations in the first trimester of pregnancy by three-dimensional ultrasonography in the rendering mode. Pictorial essay.
We present our experience in the contribution of three-dimensional ultrasonography, using the rendering mode, to the prenatal diagnosis of congenital anomalies including neurological defects (acrania/anencephaly, encephalocele, holoprosencephaly), facial anomalies (cyclopia and facial clefts), abdominal wall defects (omphalocele and gastroschisis) and defects of extremities (fetal muscle-skeletal dysplasias). Three-dimensional ultrasonography may contribute to improve the prenatal diagnosis with further revision of the fetal images, allowing a better prenatal counsel to the parents.
Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine - São Paulo Federal University (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil. E-mail: araujojred@terra.com.br.
Edward
E
Araujo Júnior
Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine - São Paulo Federal University (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
Liliam Cristine
LC
Rolo
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guastalla Civil Hospital, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
Gabriele
G
Tonni
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
Sina
S
Haeri
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
Rodrigo
R
Ruano
D000465:Algorithms; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*