Histopathological and morphometric changes induced by a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model in broilers.
Oral administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) is commonly used as an inducer of enteric inflammation in rodents. However, there is a dearth of knowledge regarding appropriate dosage, timing, or ageresponses in broilers for this potential inducer of inflammation without necrosis. Two experiments were conducted in day-of-hatch chicks to analyze clinical parameters and enteric histological changes induced by DSS when administered via drinking water ( DW: ). In both experiments, birds were distributed into nontreated control or varying concentrations of DSS in DW. For both experiments, only 0.75% DSS in DW was histologically evaluated. In Experiment 1, chicks received DSS from day 3 to 11, and at 3, 6, and 8 d of treatment, chicks were weighed, and sections of the duodenum, ileum, and ceca were formalin fixed. The addition of 0.75% DSS caused depression, anemia, and watery bloody diarrhea, plus significantly (P < 0.05) decreased BW gain at all times. Shortened ileal villi at 6 d and duodenal villi at 8 d of treatment, reduced duodenal and ileal epithelial cell height at 3, 6, and 8 d, and increased duodenal goblet cell density at 6 and 8 d were observed in response to DSS administration (P < 0.05). In Experiment 2, birds received DSS from days 10 to 16 and were sampled at 3 and 6 d of treatment. Similar changes were found in ceca of treated birds. There was no significant change in the duodenal villus height and goblet cell density by 6 d of treatment, suggesting that 6 d of 0.75% DSS in DW was not sufficient for the reproduction of duodenal symptoms in these older birds. However, there was a significant decrease in ilealvillus height and decreased ileal epithelial cell height at 3 and 6 d of treatment, as well as a significant decrease in BW compared to the control group. These findings indicate that DW administration of 0.75% DSS caused generalized mild and non-necrotic enteritis in broilers and that this compound may be useful for enteric inflammation modeling in poultry.
Poultry Science Department, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, 72701.
A
A
Menconi
Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 04510, Mexico.
X
X
Hernandez-Velasco
Poultry Science Department, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, 72701.
E A
EA
Vicuña
Poultry Science Department, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, 72701.
V A
VA
Kuttappan
Poultry Science Department, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, 72701.
O B
OB
Faulkner
Poultry Science Department, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, 72701.
G
G
Tellez
Poultry Science Department, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, 72701.
B M
BM
Hargis
Poultry Science Department, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, 72701 lbielke@uark.edu.
L R
LR
Bielke
D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D016264:Dextran Sulfate / Q000633:toxicity*; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D004751:Enteritis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
D016264:Dextran Sulfate
broiler; dextran sodium sulfate; enteric inflammation