In vitro and preliminary in vivo toxicity screening of high-surface-area TiO2-chondroitin-4-sulfate nanocomposites for bone regeneration application.
The goal of this study was to prepare nontoxic, biomimetic TiO2/chondroitin-4-sulfate nanocomposites with osteointegration ability for biomedical applications. Nanocomposites with higher surface area were subjected to bioactivity study and obtained bone-like layer with stoichiometric Ca/P ratio of 1.64 and 1.66. The susceptibility of nanocomposites against Staphylococcus aureus (∼16 mm) and Escherichia coli (∼12 mm) is favorable in preventing the risk of bone diseases and postoperative infections. Adequate swelling and degradations properties were favorably achieved to reduce the risk of nanoparticle accumulation in cell organelles. Moreover, the toxicity in AGS cell line and biocompatibility in osteoblast-like MG-63 cell line showed no significant mitochondrial damage. In addition, the in vitro expression of osteoblast inducing genes (OCN, OPN, ALP and COL 1) and their up-regulation, and 20% of increased hatching rate in preliminary in vivo (zebrafish) analysis were favorable for the nanocomposite at the ratio of 2:0.50 than pure TiO2. Hence, it can be concluded that among the prepared nanocomposites TCs.5 is a promising biomimetic biomaterial that can be used for advanced orthopedic research and other applications.
Centre for Nano Science and Technology, K.S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode 637 215, Tamil Nadu, India.
Kavitha
K
Kandiah
Centre for Nano Science and Technology, K.S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode 637 215, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: veerajendran@gmail.com.
Rajendran
R
Venkatachalam
Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
Chunyan
C
Wang
Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
Suresh
S
Valiyaveettil
Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamil Nadu, India.
Kumaresan
K
Ganesan
D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry*; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D015027:Zebrafish
D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015415:Biomarkers; D024042:Collagen Type I; D015675:Osteocalcin; D053495:Osteopontin; C009495:titanium dioxide; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; D014025:Titanium; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
Biocompatibility; Gene expression; In vitro bioactivity; Osteoblast cell line; Titania–chondroitin-4 sulfate; Zebra fish