Worsening of Dizziness Impairment Is Associated with Bone Marrow Kinase on Chromosome X Level in Patients after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.
Over 2 million people suffer from mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) each year. Predicting symptoms of mTBI and the characterization of those symptoms has been challenging. Biomarkers that correlate clinical symptoms to disease outcome are desired to improve understanding of the disease and optimize patient care. Bone marrow kinase on chromosome X (BMX), a member of the TEC family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases, is up-regulated after traumatic neural injury in a rat model of mTBI. The aim of this investigation was to determine whether BMX serum concentrations can effectively be used to predict outcomes after mTBI in a clinical setting. A total of 63 patients with mTBI (Glasgow Coma Score [GCS] between 13 and 15) were included. Blood samples taken at the time of hospital admission were analyzed for BMX. Data collected included demographic and clinical variables. Outcomes were assessed using the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) questionnaire at baseline and 6 weeks postinjury. The participant was asssigned to the case group if the subject's complaints of dizziness became worse at the sixth week assessment; otherwise, the participant was assigned to the control group. A receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to explore BMX level. Significant associations were found between serum levels of BMX and dizziness. Areas under the curve for prediction of change in DHI postinjury were 0.76 for total score, 0.69 for physical score, 0.65 for emotional score, and 0.66 for functional score. Specificities were between 0.69 and 0.77 for total score and emotional score, respectively. Therefore, BMX demonstrates potential as a candidate serum biomarker of exacerbating dizziness post-mTBI.
Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Kai-Yun
KY
Chen
Department of Emergency Medicine, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
Tung-Yao
TY
Tsai
Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Cheng-Fu
CF
Chang
Department of Emergency Medicine, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
Ju-Chi
JC
Ou
Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Yan-Rou
YR
Tsai
Department of Emergency Medicine, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
Hon-Ping
HP
Ma
Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Wen-Ta
WT
Chiu
Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Emergency Medicine, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.|College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Shin-Han
SH
Tsai
Department of Neurosurgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Kuo-Hsing
KH
Liao
Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Neurosurgery, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
Jia-Wei
JW
Lin
Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Neurosurgery, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
Chien-Min
CM
Lin
Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
John Chung-Che
JC
Wu
Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.|Translational Research Laboratory, Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Yung-Hsiao
YH
Chiang
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications*; D004244:Dizziness / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000097:blood*
D015415:Biomarkers; C492367:BMX protein, human; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
BMX; biomarkers; dizziness; traumatic brain injury