Assessment of pain in less severely ill and injured aeromedical evacuation patients: a prospective field study.
Pain management is vitally important to injured patients being evacuated from the warzone. A prospective assessment of real-time ratings of pain acceptability, intensity, and satisfaction of a convenience sample of 114 less severely ill and injured U.S. military patients being evacuated on Aeromedical Evacuation (AE) missions from Ramstein Air Field, Germany, to Andrews Air Force Base, Maryland, was conducted. Data were collected before and during 12 AE flights in December 2012 and May 2013. Acceptable pain intensity was a median of 6/10 (range 2-9), with 76% of patients indicating an acceptable pain intensity greater than 4. During AE transport, 75% of patients reported at least one pain score≥4. Despite these high pain ratings, there was documentation of administration for only 58% of routine and 48% for as-needed analgesics/adjuvants. Over 47% of patients experienced pain that exceeded their acceptable intensity level, but of those patients with pain that was more severe than acceptable, only 10% rated their satisfaction with their pain management as poor or fair. This is the first study to provide real-time concurrent assessment of pain and pain management during en route care. The worst pain was reported for the hospital to aircraft arrival, suggesting the need for interventions to safely optimize pain management during this handoff period.
University of Washington School of Nursing/Headquarters AF (SG1N), 1959 NE Pacific Box 357266, Seattle, WA 98195.
Elizabeth
E
Bridges
Aeromedical Research Department, United States Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, 2510 5th Street, Building 840, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433.
Susan
S
Dukes
Aeromedical Research Department, United States Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, 2510 5th Street, Building 840, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433.
Jennifer
J
Serres
D000328:Adult; D017732:Air Ambulances; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014187:Transportation of Patients / Q000379:methods*; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D014481:United States; D000067398:War-Related Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy