Complete sequence analysis and antiviral screening of medicinal plants for human coxsackievirus a16 isolated in Korea.
OBJECTIVE
Coxsackievirus A group 16 strain (CVA16) is one of the predominant causative agents of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD).


METHODS
Using a specimen from a male patient with HFMD, we isolated and performed sequencing of the Korean CVA16 strain and compared it with a G10 reference strain. Also, we were investigated the effects of medicinal plant extract on the cytopathic effects (CPE) by CPE reduction assay against Korean CVA16.


RESULTS
Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Korean CVA16 isolate belonged to cluster B-1 and was closely related to the strain PM-15765-00 isolated in Malaysia in 2000. The Korean CVA16 isolate showed 73.2% nucleotide identity to the G10 prototype strain and 98.7% nucleotide identity to PM-15765-00. Next, we assessed whether the Korean CVA16 isolate could be used for in vitro screening of antiviral agents to treat HFMD infection. Vero cells infected with the Korean CVA16 isolate showed a cytopathic effect 2 days after the infection, and the treatment of cells with Cornus officinalis, Acer triflorum, Pulsatilla koreana, and Clematis heracleifolia var. davidiana Hemsl extracts exhibited strong antiviral activity against CVA16.


CONCLUSIONS
Collectively, our work provides potential candidates for the development of vaccine and novel drugs to treat the CVA16 strain isolated from a Korean patient.
Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.
Jae-Hyoung
JH
Song
Chungcheongnam-Do Institute of Health and Environment Research, Daejeon, Korea.
Kwisung
K
Park
Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.
Aeri
A
Shim
Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.
Bo-Eun
BE
Kwon
Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.
Jae-Hee
JH
Ahn
Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea.
Young Jin
YJ
Choi
Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea.
Jae Kyung
JK
Kim
Division of Vaccine Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Korea.
Sang-Gu
SG
Yeo
Department of Clinical Pathology, Daejeon Health Sciences College, Daejeon, Korea.
Kyungah
K
Yoon
Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.
Hyun-Jeong
HJ
Ko
HFMD; antiviral drug; coxsackievirus A16; medicinal plant