HIV-Enhancing Factors Are Secreted by Reproductive Epithelia upon Inoculation with Bacterial Vaginosis-Associated Bacteria.
Bacterial vaginosis is a common reproductive infection in which commensal vaginal lactobacilli are displaced by a mixed population of pathogenic bacteria. Bacterial vaginosis increases susceptibility to HIV, and it has been suggested that host innate immune responses to pathogenic bacteria contribute to enhanced infection, yet the cellular mechanisms mediating the increased HIV susceptibility remain uncharacterized. We evaluated the HIV-enhancing effects of bacterial vaginosis by inoculating endocervical epithelia with Atopobium vaginae, a bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria, and assaying secreted factors for HIV-enhancing activity. When epithelia and A. vaginae were cocultured, we observed increased HIV-enhancing activity mediated by secreted low molecular weight factors. From this complex mixture we identified several upregulated host proteins, which functioned in combination to enhance HIV infection. These studies suggest that the host immune response to bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria results in the release of HIV-enhancing factors. The combined activity of bacterial vaginosis-induced proteins likely mediates HIV enhancement.
Colleen R
CR
Eade
Camila
C
Diaz
Sixue
S
Chen
Amy L
AL
Cole
4000 Central Florida Blvd, Building 20, Room 236, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA. acole@ucf.edu.
Alexander M
AM
Cole
D039903:Actinobacteria; D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000166:cytology; D021984:Cyclophilin A / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D004198:Disease Susceptibility / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D053492:Elafin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000472:pathogenicity; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation; D016585:Vaginosis, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D000081102:WAP Four-Disulfide Core Domain Protein 2
D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D053492:Elafin; C489506:LCN2 protein, human; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins; C506806:PI3 protein, human; D011506:Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D000081102:WAP Four-Disulfide Core Domain Protein 2; C569698:WFDC2 protein, human; D021984:Cyclophilin A