5-methylcytosine and its derivatives.
Epigenetics has undergone an explosion in the past decade. DNA methylation, consisting of the addition of a methyl group at the fifth position of cytosine (5-methylcytosine, 5-mC) in a CpG dinucleotide, is a well-recognized epigenetic mark with important functions in cellular development and pathogenesis. Numerous studies have focused on the characterization of DNA methylation marks associated with disease development as they may serve as useful biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of response to therapy. Recently, novel cytosine modifications with potential regulatory roles such as 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5-foC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5-caC) have been discovered. Study of the functions of 5-mC and its oxidation derivatives promotes the understanding of the mechanism underlying association of epigenetic modifications with disease biology. In this respect, much has been accomplished in the development of methods for the discovery, detection, and location analysis of 5-mC and its oxidation derivatives. In this review, we focus on the recent advances for the global detection and location study of 5-mC and its oxidation derivatives 5-hmC, 5-foC, and 5-caC.
Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China. Electronic address: bfyuan@whu.edu.cn.
Bi-Feng
BF
Yuan
D044503:5-Methylcytosine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer / Q000379:methods; D003596:Cytosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D019175:DNA Methylation; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000379:methods; D004720:Endonucleases / Q000378:metabolism; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D046228:Microarray Analysis / Q000379:methods; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D013447:Sulfites / Q000737:chemistry
C560974:5-carboxylcytosine; C560973:5-formylcytosine; D013447:Sulfites; D044503:5-Methylcytosine; D003596:Cytosine; D004720:Endonucleases; C042345:hydrogen sulfite
5-Carboxylcytosine; 5-Formylcytosine; 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine; 5-Methylcytosine; DNA methylation; Global detection; Location analysis