Non-thermal plasma with 2-deoxy-D-glucose synergistically induces cell death by targeting glycolysis in blood cancer cells.
In this study, we show the selective and efficient anti-cancer effects of plasma (at a low dose) when cell metabolic modifiers are also included. 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a glycolytic inhibitor, was used with effective doses of non-thermal plasma, synergistically attenuating cell metabolic viability and inducing caspase-dependent and independent cell death. The combination treatment decreased the intracellular ATP and lactate production in various types of blood cancer cells in vitro. Taken together, our findings suggest that 2-DG enhances the efficacy and selectivity of plasma and induces the synergistic inhibition of cancer cell growth by targeting glycolysis and apoptosis. Specifically, this treatment strategy demonstrated an enhanced growth inhibitory effect of plasma in the presence of a metabolic modifier that was selective against cancer cells, not non-malignant cells. This is the first study to report the advantage of combining plasma with 2-DG to eradicate blood cancer cells. Finally, we conclude that 2-DG with non-thermal plasma may be used as a combination treatment against blood cancer cells.
Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Korea.
Neha
N
Kaushik
Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea.
Su Jae
SJ
Lee
School of medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyunghee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
Tae Gyu
TG
Choi
Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Korea.
Ku Youn
KY
Baik
Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Korea.
Han Sup
HS
Uhm
Institute of Information Technology, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Korea.
Chung Hyeok
CH
Kim
Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Korea.
Nagendra Kumar
NK
Kaushik
Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Korea.
Eun Ha
EH
Choi
D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D020169:Caspases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006019:Glycolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D058626:Plasma Gases / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D020298:U937 Cells
D058626:Plasma Gases; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D003847:Deoxyglucose; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D020169:Caspases