Radiation risk reduction in cardiac electrophysiology through use of a gridless imaging technique.
OBJECTIVE
It has been previously demonstrated that use of appropriate frame rates coupled with minimal use of high-dose digital acquisition can limit radiation risk to patients undergoing diagnostic and therapeutic electrophysiology (EP). Imaging without the anti-scatter grid has been proposed as a means of achieving further radiation reduction. We evaluate application of a gridless imaging technique to deliver further reductions in radiation risk to both patients and personnel.


RESULTS
Radiation and clinical data for EP procedures performed for 16 months from March 2012 were monitored. The period was divided into three phases: Phase 1 (March 2012-June 2012) provided a performance baseline (radiation output modelling and procedural risk adjustment calibration), Phase 2 (July 2012-September 2012) confirmation of performance with the grid, and Phase 3 (September 2012-June 2013) gridless imaging period. Statistical process control (SPC) charts were used to monitor for changes in radiation use and clinical outcomes (procedural success). Imaging without the grid halved the levels of radiation delivered in undertaking EP procedures. Although there was a perceptible impact on image quality with the grid removed. Review of the SPC chart monitoring procedural outcomes did not identify any discernable adverse impact on success rates. Selected use of the gridless technique is recommended with re-introduction of the grid in larger patients or during aspects of the procedure where image quality is important (e.g. transeptal punctures).


CONCLUSIONS
Use of a gridless imaging technique can contribute to a significant reduction in radiation risk to both patients and operators during cardiac EP procedures.
St Andrew's War Memorial Hospital, 457 Wickham Terrace, Brisbane 4001, QLD, Australia ismith@sawmh.com.au.
Ian R
IR
Smith
Queensland Cardiovascular Group, Brisbane, Australia.
Wayne J
WJ
Stafford
Queensland Cardiovascular Group, Brisbane, Australia.
John R
JR
Hayes
Queensland Cardiovascular Group, Brisbane, Australia.
Michael C
MC
Adsett
Queensland Cardiovascular Group, Brisbane, Australia.
Kieran M
KM
Dauber
Queensland Cardiovascular Group, Brisbane, Australia.
John T
JT
Rivers
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D022062:Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061214:Patient Safety; D000069079:Radiation Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult
Cardiac electrophysiology; Catheter ablation; Fluoroscopy; Radiation dose reduction; Radiation risk