Proanthocyanidin in red rice inhibits MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell invasion via the expression control of invasive proteins.
Proanthocyanidin is one of the main active compounds found in red jasmine rice. We previously reported that red rice extract could reduce cancer cell invasion. However, the direct effect of proanthocyanidin from red rice on the invasion of cancer cells and the exact molecular mechanism remained unclear. Here, we report for the first time that proanthocyanidin-rich fraction from red rice (PRFR) reduced the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. The types of proanthocyanidin in PRFR were identified as procyanidins and prodelphinidins by acid hydrolysis. For cancer cell invasion, degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is required. Treatment of the cells with PRFR reduced the expression of ECM degradation-associated proteins, including matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase, urokinase plasminogen activator, urokinase plasminogen activator receptor and plasminogen activator-1. Moreover, PRFR also reduced the activity of collagenase and MMP-9. Furthermore, PRFR significantly suppressed the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and interleukin-6. We also found that PRFR reduced the DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), which is the expressed mediator of ECM degradation-associated proteins. These results suggest that proanthocyanidin from red rice mediates MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell invasion by altering the expression of the invasion-associated proteins, possibly by targeting NF-κB activity.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chian Mai 50200, Thailand; Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao.
Komsak
K
Pintha
Supachai
S
Yodkeeree
Pornngarm
P
Limtrakul
D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D053511:Matrix Metalloproteinase 14 / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D012275:Oryza; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator / Q000378:metabolism; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000378:metabolism
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016328:NF-kappa B; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; C013221:proanthocyanidin; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator; C579270:MMP9 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; C507086:MMP14 protein, human; D053511:Matrix Metalloproteinase 14