Tendon injury: from biology to tendon repair.
Tendon is a crucial component of the musculoskeletal system. Tendons connect muscle to bone and transmit forces to produce motion. Chronic and acute tendon injuries are very common and result in considerable pain and disability. The management of tendon injuries remains a challenge for clinicians. Effective treatments for tendon injuries are lacking because the understanding of tendon biology lags behind that of the other components of the musculoskeletal system. Animal and cellular models have been developed to study tendon-cell differentiation and tendon repair following injury. These studies have highlighted specific growth factors and transcription factors involved in tenogenesis during developmental and repair processes. Mechanical factors also seem to be essential for tendon development, homeostasis and repair. Mechanical signals are transduced via molecular signalling pathways that trigger adaptive responses in the tendon. Understanding the links between the mechanical and biological parameters involved in tendon development, homeostasis and repair is prerequisite for the identification of effective treatments for chronic and acute tendon injuries.
Service de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologique, INSERM UMR_S938, DHU i2B, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, Paris 75012, France.
Geoffroy
G
Nourissat
Service de rhumatologie, INSERM UMR_S938, DHU i2B, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, Paris 75012, France.
Francis
F
Berenbaum
Centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR 7622, IBPS Developmental Biology Laboratory, F-75005, Paris 5005, France.
Delphine
D
Duprez
D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002908:Chronic Disease; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000378:metabolism*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D044968:Regenerative Medicine / Q000639:trends; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000628:therapy*; D013710:Tendons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014945:Wound Healing
D024042:Collagen Type I; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors