Immobilization of fungal laccase onto a nonionic surfactant-modified clay material: application to PAH degradation.
Nonionic surfactant-modified clay is a useful absorbent material that effectively removes hydrophobic organic compounds from soil/groundwater. We developed a novel material by applying an immobilized fungal laccase onto nonionic surfactant-modified clay. Low-water-solubility polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (naphthalene/phenanthrene) were degraded in the presence of this bioactive material. PAH degradation by free laccase was higher than degradation by immobilized laccase when the surfactant concentration was allowed to form micelles. PAH degradation by immobilized laccase on TX-100-modified clay was higher than on Brij35-modified clay. Strong laccase degradation of PAH can be maintained by adding surfactant monomers or micelles. The physical adsorption of nonionic surfactants onto clay plays an important role in PAH degradation by laccase, which can be explained by the structure and molecular interactions of the surfactant with the clay and enzyme. A system where laccase is immobilized onto TX-100-monomer-modified clay is a good candidate bioactive material for in situ PAHs bioremediation.
Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, 70, Linhsi Rd., Shinlin District, Taipei, 11102, Taiwan. ytchang@scu.edu.tw.
Yi-Tang
YT
Chang
Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan County, 32001, Taiwan. jflee@ncuen.ncu.edu.tw.
Jiunn-Fwu
JF
Lee
Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan County, 32001, Taiwan.
Keng-Hua
KH
Liu
Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, 70, Linhsi Rd., Shinlin District, Taipei, 11102, Taiwan.
Yi-Fen
YF
Liao
School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
Vivian
V
Yang
D000327:Adsorption; D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D000077215:Clay; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry*; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D042845:Laccase / Q000737:chemistry*; D008823:Micelles; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D012995:Solubility; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*
D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D008823:Micelles; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D011136:Polysorbates; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C551282:polyethylene glycol monooctylphenyl ether; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D042845:Laccase; D000077215:Clay
Clay; Immobilized laccase; Micelle; Monomer; PAH; Surfactant