Assessment of disease activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Lights and shadows.
The assessment of disease activity in patients affected by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) represents an important issue, as recommended by the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR). Two main types of disease activity measure have been proposed: the global score systems, providing an overall measure of activity, and the individual organ/system assessment scales, assessing disease activity in different organs. All the activity indices included both clinical and laboratory items, related to the disease manifestations. However, there is no gold standard to measure disease activity in patients affected by SLE. In this review, we will analyze the lights and shadows of the disease activity indices, by means of a critical approach. In particular, we will focus on SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG), the most frequently used in randomized controlled trials and observational studies. The evaluation of data from the literature underlined some limitations of these indices, making their application in clinical practice difficult and suggesting the possible use of specific tools in the different subset of SLE patients, in order to capture all the disease features.
Lupus Clinic, Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy. Electronic address: fulviaceccarelli@gmail.com.
Fulvia
F
Ceccarelli
Lupus Clinic, Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy.
Carlo
C
Perricone
Lupus Clinic, Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy.
Laura
L
Massaro
Lupus Clinic, Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy.
Enrica
E
Cipriano
Lupus Clinic, Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy.
Cristiano
C
Alessandri
Lupus Clinic, Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy.
Francesca Romana
FR
Spinelli
Lupus Clinic, Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy.
Guido
G
Valesini
Lupus Clinic, Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy.
Fabrizio
F
Conti
D002908:Chronic Disease; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
BILAG; Disease activity; SLEDAI; Systemic Lupus Erythematosus