Involvement of IL-1 genes in the cellular responses to carbon nanotube exposure.
The interleukin-1 (IL-1) family has been implicated in cellular responses to nanoparticles including carbon nanotubes (CNTs). IL-1α and β are key proinflammatory cytokines important in inflammatory and oxidative stress responses. The aim of this study was to characterize the role of IL-1 in cellular responses of CNTs in cells from IL-1α/β wild type (IL1-WT) mice and cells with reduced inflammatory potential from IL-1α/β deficient (IL1-KO) mice. Two multi-walled CNTs, CNT-1 containing long and thick fibers and CNT-2 containing short and thin fibers, were compared to UICC crocidolite asbestos fibers. Upon CNT exposure toxicity and apoptosis were affected differently in IL1-WT and IL1-KO cells. Upregulation of TNFα and IL-1α mRNA expression in IL1-WT cells was dependent on the type of CNT. On the contrary precursor IL-1α protein was downregulated after 24h. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was activated in IL1-KO cells and regulated by CNTs, whereas no significant changes of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) were observed when comparing IL1-WT and IL1-KO cells. In summary, the results presented here indicate that IL-1 contributes to the cellular and molecular effects of CNT exposure and that the type of CNT has an important effect on the cellular response.
Department of Biological and Chemical Work Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, Pb 8149 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
Yke Jildouw
YJ
Arnoldussen
Department of Biological and Chemical Work Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, Pb 8149 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
Asbjørn
A
Skogstad
Department of Biological and Chemical Work Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, Pb 8149 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
Vidar
V
Skaug
Department of Biological and Chemical Work Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, Pb 8149 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
Mayes
M
Kasem
Department of Biological and Chemical Work Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, Pb 8149 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
Aage
A
Haugen
Environmental Mineralogy, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Technical University Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstr. 9, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
Nathalie
N
Benker
Environmental Mineralogy, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Technical University Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstr. 9, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
Stephan
S
Weinbruch
The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel.
Ron N
RN
Apte
Department of Biological and Chemical Work Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, Pb 8149 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: shan.zienolddiny@stami.no.
Shanbeh
S
Zienolddiny
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D001194:Asbestos / Q000633:toxicity; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission
D053582:Interleukin-1alpha; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D001194:Asbestos; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
Apoptosis; CNT; IL-1; Inflammation; MAPK