Development of nanosilica bonded monetite cement from egg shells.
This work represents further effort from our group in developing monetite based calcium phosphate cements (CPC). These cements start with a calcium phosphate powder (MW-CPC) that is manufactured using microwave irradiation. Due to the robustness of the cement production process, we report that the starting materials can be derived from egg shells, a waste product from the poultry industry. The CPC were prepared with MW-CPC and aqueous setting solution. Results showed that the CPC hardened after mixing powdered cement with water for about 12.5±1 min. The compressive strength after 24h of incubation was approximately 8.45±1.29 MPa. In addition, adding colloidal nanosilica to CPC can accelerate the cement hardening (10±1 min) process by about 2.5 min and improve compressive strength (20.16±4.39 MPa), which is more than double the original strength. The interaction between nanosilica and CPC was monitored using an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). While hardening, nanosilica can bond to the CPC crystal network for stabilization. The physical and biological studies performed on both cements suggest that they can potentially be used in orthopedics.
Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA. Electronic address: huanzhou@cczu.edu.cn.
Huan
H
Zhou
Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
Timothy J F
TJ
Luchini
Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
Nariman Mansouri
NM
Boroujeni
Department of Bioengineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
Anand K
AK
Agarwal
Department of Bioengineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
Vijay K
VK
Goel
Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA; Division of Dentistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
Sarit B
SB
Bhaduri
D000818:Animals; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002460:Cell Line; D019245:Compressive Strength; D004528:Egg Shell / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D008872:Microwaves; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
D001843:Bone Cements; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; C485829:calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous
Cement; Egg-shell derived calcium phosphate; Microwave; Monetite; Silica