Characterization of the activity of ultrasound emitted in a perpendicular liquid flow using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and electrochemical mass transfer measurements.
The present work is dedicated to the study of the interactions between a liquid circulation and a perpendicular acoustic wave propagation. A specific experimental setup was designed to study one transducer operating at 20 kHz, with the help of electrochemical mass transfer measurements combined with Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) determination. Electrodes were located on the wall opposite to the acoustic emission. Experiments were performed for various Reynolds numbers: from 0 to 21700 (different liquid flow rates and viscosities). Both PIV and electrochemical measurements methods were found to be relevant, and had delivered complementary information. Even if PIV showed that the plume due to streaming was highly deflected by the additional flow, electrochemical measurements showed that there was still an activity, higher than in silent conditions, on the wall facing the transducer. Thus the ultrasound contribution remained noticeable on the surface opposite to the transducer even for a disturbed hydrodynamic environment due to the presence of a liquid circulation perpendicular to the wave propagation.
Institut FEMTO-ST, Département ENERGIE, UMR CNRS 6174, Université de Franche-Comté, 2 avenue Jean Moulin, 90 000 Belfort Cedex, France. Electronic address: magali.barthes@univ-fcomte.fr.
Magali
M
Barthès
Institut UTINAM, UMR CNRS 6213, Université de Franche-Comté, 30 avenue de l'Observatoire, 25 009 Besançon, France; Navy Clean, 21 Traverse Collet Redon, 13 013 Marseille, France.
Gerald
G
Mazue
Institut FEMTO-ST, Département ENERGIE, UMR CNRS 6174, Université de Franche-Comté, 2 avenue Jean Moulin, 90 000 Belfort Cedex, France.
Dimitri
D
Bonnet
Institut UTINAM, UMR CNRS 6213, Université de Franche-Comté, 30 avenue de l'Observatoire, 25 009 Besançon, France.
Remy
R
Viennet
Institut UTINAM, UMR CNRS 6213, Université de Franche-Comté, 30 avenue de l'Observatoire, 25 009 Besançon, France.
Jean-Yves
JY
Hihn
Institut FEMTO-ST, Département ENERGIE, UMR CNRS 6174, Université de Franche-Comté, 2 avenue Jean Moulin, 90 000 Belfort Cedex, France.
Yannick
Y
Bailly
Equivalent velocity; Liquid circulation; Mass transfer; PIV; Power ultrasound