Constitutive phosphorylation of cardiac myosin regulatory light chain in vivo.
In beating hearts, phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) at a single site to 0.45 mol of phosphate/mol by cardiac myosin light chain kinase (cMLCK) increases Ca(2+) sensitivity of myofilament contraction necessary for normal cardiac performance. Reduction of RLC phosphorylation in conditional cMLCK knock-out mice caused cardiac dilation and loss of cardiac performance by 1 week, as shown by increased left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole and decreased fractional shortening. Decreased RLC phosphorylation by conventional or conditional cMLCK gene ablation did not affect troponin-I or myosin-binding protein-C phosphorylation in vivo. The extent of RLC phosphorylation was not changed by prolonged infusion of dobutamine or treatment with a β-adrenergic antagonist, suggesting that RLC is constitutively phosphorylated to maintain cardiac performance. Biochemical studies with myofilaments showed that RLC phosphorylation up to 90% was a random process. RLC is slowly dephosphorylated in both noncontracting hearts and isolated cardiac myocytes from adult mice. Electrically paced ventricular trabeculae restored RLC phosphorylation, which was increased to 0.91 mol of phosphate/mol of RLC with inhibition of myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP). The two RLCs in each myosin appear to be readily available for phosphorylation by a soluble cMLCK, but MLCP activity limits the amount of constitutive RLC phosphorylation. MLCP with its regulatory subunit MYPT2 bound tightly to myofilaments was constitutively phosphorylated in beating hearts at a site that inhibits MLCP activity. Thus, the constitutive RLC phosphorylation is limited physiologically by low cMLCK activity in balance with low MLCP activity.
From the Departments of Physiology.
Audrey N
AN
Chang
Internal Medicine (Cardiology), and.
Pavan K
PK
Battiprolu
the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94143, the University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, and.
Patrick M
PM
Cowley
From the Departments of Physiology.
Guohua
G
Chen
Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390.
Robert D
RD
Gerard
the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida 32306.
Jose R
JR
Pinto
Internal Medicine (Cardiology), and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390.
Joseph A
JA
Hill
the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94143, the University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, and.
Anthony J
AJ
Baker
From the Departments of Physiology.
Kristine E
KE
Kamm
From the Departments of Physiology, james.stull@utsouthwestern.edu.
James T
JT
Stull
D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000378:metabolism; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism; D018994:Myosin Light Chains / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009219:Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D043263:Myosin-Light-Chain Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
D002147:Calmodulin; D018994:Myosin Light Chains; D009219:Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase; D043263:Myosin-Light-Chain Phosphatase; D002118:Calcium
Calmodulin (CaM); Cardiac Muscle; Myosin; Myosin Light Chain Kinase; Phosphatase; Phosphorylation