Lung cancer stigma as a barrier to medical help-seeking behavior: Practice implications.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of perceived lung cancer stigma and timing of medical help-seeking behavior in symptomatic individuals.


METHODS
A convenience sample was recruited from an academic thoracic oncology clinic and community hospital-based outpatient radiation center in a large city in the southeastern United States. This descriptive, cross-sectional study used survey methodology and semistructured interviews to examine the relationship of perceived lung cancer stigma and delayed medical help seeking finding a statistically significant positive correlation. Additional examination revealed positive correlations between the stigma and shame, social isolation, and smoking-related stigma subscales and delay. The discrimination-related subscale was not associated with delay. In addition, smoking status was not related to perceived lung cancer stigma.


CONCLUSIONS
Findings support an association between lung cancer stigma and delayed medical help-seeking behavior. Therefore, lung cancer stigma is a potential barrier to timely medical help-seeking behavior in lung cancer symptoms, which can have important patient outcome implications.


CONCLUSIONS
As primary care nurse practitioners, awareness that lung cancer stigma exists for patients is essential regardless of smoking status and efforts to decrease this barrier to timely health care are important.
School of Nursing, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana.
Lisa
L
Carter-Harris
D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D000066505:Help-Seeking Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology; D057545:Social Stigma; D015144:Southeastern United States
Healthcare-seeking behaviors; cancer; lung; nurse practitioners; primary care; stigma