Combined measure of neighborhood food and physical activity environments and weight-related outcomes: The CARDIA study.
Engagement in healthy lifestyle behaviors likely reflects access to a diverse and synergistic set of food and physical activity resources, yet most research examines discrete characteristics. We characterized neighborhoods with respect to their composition of features, and quantified associations with diet, physical activity (PA), body mass index (BMI), and insulin resistance (IR) in a longitudinal biracial cohort (n=4143; aged 25-37; 1992-2006). We used latent class analysis to derive population-density-specific (<vs.≥1750 people per sq km) clusters of neighborhood indicators: road connectivity, parks and PA facilities, and food stores/restaurants. In lower population density areas, a latent class with higher food and PA resource diversity (relative to other clusters) was significantly associated with higher diet quality. In higher population density areas, a cluster with relatively more natural food/specialty stores; fewer convenience stores; and more PA resources was associated with higher diet quality. Neighborhood clusters were inconsistently associated with BMI and IR, and not associated with fast food consumption, walking, biking, or running.
Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
Katie A
KA
Meyer
Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States.
Janne
J
Boone-Heinonen
Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, VA, United States.
Kiyah J
KJ
Duffey
Department of City and Regional Planning, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
Daniel A
DA
Rodriguez
Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States.
Catarina I
CI
Kiefe
Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
Cora E
CE
Lewis
Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
Penny
P
Gordon-Larsen
D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004032:Diet; D004777:Environment; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005523:Food Supply; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
Diet; Insulin resistance; Neighborhood; Obesity; Physical activity