Multiple primary malignancies in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
OBJECTIVE
Information regarding multiple primary malignancies is important, as it has the potential to clarify etiological factors and may indicate the need to refine patient follow-up to include screening for associated malignancies. Upper aerodigestive tract cancer often develops in patients with smoking-related lung cancer; however, little is known about the frequencies or types of other primary malignancies in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without a history of smoking.


METHODS
We retrospectively evaluated the records of patients examined and/or treated for NSCLC at the Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation between January 2007 and June 2012. Patients In total, 938 patients, including 599 men (never-smoker/ever-smoker: 35/564) and 339 women (never-smoker/ever-smoker: 236/103), were analyzed.


RESULTS
Among the 209 patients (22.3%) with multiple primary malignancies, 151 had a history of smoking and 58 were never-smokers. The most common cancers were gastric (43 cases), colorectal (33 cases), and prostate (29 cases) cancer. Smoking-related cancer was more common in current smokers and ex-smokers for both men and women. Among women with NSCLC, never-smokers were more likely to have thyroid cancer than those with a history of smoking (5.1% vs. 0%, p=0.021).


CONCLUSIONS
In this study, several differences in malignancies were observed between never-smokers and patients with a history of smoking. Thyroid cancer and NSCLC co-existed in some women without a history of smoking, implicating predisposing factors other than tobacco smoke in the onset of these cancers.
Division of Integrated Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Japan.
Shiro
S
Fujita
Katsuhiro
K
Masago
Jumpei
J
Takeshita
Yosuke
Y
Togashi
Akito
A
Hata
Reiko
R
Kaji
Masaki
M
Kokubo
Nobuyuki
N
Katakami
D000368:Aged; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects
D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; C512478:EGFR protein, human; D066246:ErbB Receptors