The Induction of Pattern-Recognition Receptor Expression against Influenza A Virus through Duox2-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species in Nasal Mucosa.
We studied the relative roles of Duox2-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) in host defense against influenza A virus (IAV) infection in normal human nasal epithelial cells and mouse nasal mucosa. We found that Duox2 primarily generated ROS rapidly after IAV infection in normal human nasal epithelial cells and that knockdown of Duox2 aggravated IAV infection. In addition, Duox2-derived ROS enhancement significantly suppressed IAV infection in nasal epithelium. In particular, Duox2-derived ROS were required for the induction of retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG)-I and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) transcription. After intranasal IAV inoculation into mice, viral infection was significantly aggravated from 3 days postinoculation (dpi) in the nasal mucosa, and the IAV viral titer was highest at 7 dpi. Both RIG-I and MDA5 messenger RNA levels increased dominantly in mouse nasal mucosa from 3 dpi; consistent with this, RIG-I and MDA5 proteins were also induced after IAV infection. RIG-I and MDA5 messenger RNA levels were induced to a lower extent in the nasal mucosa of the mice that were inoculated with Duox2 short hairpin RNA, and the IAV viral titer was significantly higher in nasal lavage. Taken together, Duox2-derived ROS are necessary for the innate immune response and trigger the induction of RIG-I and MDA5 to resist IAV infection in human nasal epithelium and mouse nasal mucosa.
1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|2 The Airway Mucus Institute.
Hyun Jik
HJ
Kim
3 Department of Otorhinolaryngology.|2 The Airway Mucus Institute.
Chang-Hoon
CH
Kim
4 Research Center for Natural Human Defense System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Min-Ji
MJ
Kim
4 Research Center for Natural Human Defense System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Ji-Hwan
JH
Ryu
3 Department of Otorhinolaryngology.
Sang Yeop
SY
Seong
4 Research Center for Natural Human Defense System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Sujin
S
Kim
1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Su Jin
SJ
Lim
5 Department of Medicine, Drug Discovery Program, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and.|6 Department of Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and.
Michael J
MJ
Holtzman
3 Department of Otorhinolaryngology.|2 The Airway Mucus Institute.|7 BK 21 Project for Medical Science, and.|4 Research Center for Natural Human Defense System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Joo-Heon
JH
Yoon
D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000074623:Dual Oxidases; D006801:Humans; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D000072640:Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D000097905:Roundabout Proteins
D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases; D000074623:Dual Oxidases; D000072640:Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3; C118348:Robo3 protein, mouse; D000097905:Roundabout Proteins; C519703:TLR3 protein, mouse; C519130:Duox1 protein, mouse; C510592:Ifih1 protein, mouse
Duox2; influenza A virus; melanoma differentiation–associated protein 5; reactive oxygen species; retinoic acid–inducible gene-I