[Implementation of the Perioperative WHO Safety Checklist at a Maximum Care Hospital - A Retrospective Analysis].
BACKGROUND
In recent years there has been a significant increase of surgical procedures worldwide. Perioperative complication occurred in approximately 10 %, mortality was about 0.5 %. Half of these adverse events were considered to have been preventable. With the introduction of a perioperative checklist by the WHO in 2008, a significant reduction of morbidity and mortality could be achieved. The aim of this study was to investigate the success of the implementation process of the checklist at a maximum care hospital over a three-year period and to expose and analyse any occurring issues.


METHODS
At various time points (introduction phase, five months, one year and three years after implementation) a total of 358 operations was investigated. First the presence and the handling of the checklist were investigated followed by an analysis of possible influencing factors on the processing. To examine a potential perioperative malpractice, three typical perioperative errors known from the literature on patient safety were analysed.


RESULTS
The presence of the checklist improved significantly during the study. With the exception of the first column (signed by ward nurse) the checklist was processed more often among the participants (anaesthesia nurse, anaesthesia physician, surgeon) over the time. However the "sign out" column edited by the surgeon at the end of the operation fell below expectations. In addition to the duration after implementation the level of experience of the surgeon was a relevant factor for a properly completed checklist. During the study a malpractice was found in two cases, a checklist could not be detected.


CONCLUSIONS
Within the study we could demonstrate the difficulties of introducing a surgical checklist at a maximum care hospital. Therefore involved nursing or medical staff must be aware of the usefulness of the checklist and should be motivated to use it. In addition, periodical lectures, training courses and role modelling of nursing and medical staff are required. The objective must be to establish the checklist into daily routine as it is a simple and efficient tool to reduce perioperative morbidity and mortality.
Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Deutschland.
T O
TO
Vilz
Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Deutschland.
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TC
Günther-Lübbers
Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Deutschland.
B
B
Stoffels
Institut für Medizinische Biometrie, Informatik und Epidemiologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Deutschland.
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H
Lorenzen
Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Deutschland.
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N
Schäfer
Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Deutschland.
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JC
Kalff
Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Deutschland.
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M
Overhaus
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D057189:Checklist / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006284:Health Plan Implementation / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000517:prevention & control; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized; D008875:Middle Aged; D061214:Patient Safety; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014944:World Health Organization; D055815:Young Adult