Nuclear ADP-Ribosylation and Its Role in Chromatin Plasticity, Cell Differentiation, and Epigenetics.
Protein ADP-ribosylation is an ancient posttranslational modification with high biochemical complexity. It alters the function of modified proteins or provides a scaffold for the recruitment of other proteins and thus regulates several cellular processes. ADP-ribosylation is governed by ADP-ribosyltransferases and a subclass of sirtuins (writers), is sensed by proteins that contain binding modules (readers) that recognize specific parts of the ADP-ribosyl posttranslational modification, and is removed by ADP-ribosylhydrolases (erasers). The large amount of experimental data generated and technical progress made in the last decade have significantly advanced our knowledge of the function of ADP-ribosylation at the molecular level. This review summarizes the current knowledge of nuclear ADP-ribosylation reactions and their role in chromatin plasticity, cell differentiation, and epigenetics and discusses current progress and future perspectives.
Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; email: hottiger@vetbio.uzh.ch.
Michael O
MO
Hottiger
D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases / Q000378:metabolism; D000246:Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D006801:Humans; D009699:N-Glycosyl Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
D002843:Chromatin; D011506:Proteins; D000246:Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases; D009699:N-Glycosyl Hydrolases; C046422:ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolase
ADP-ribosylation; ARTD; NAD; PAR; PARP; chromatin; histone