The control operated by the cell cycle machinery on MEF2 stability contributes to the downregulation of CDKN1A and entry into S phase.
MEF2s are pleiotropic transcription factors (TFs) which supervise multiple cellular activities. During the cell cycle, MEF2s are activated at the G0/G1 transition to orchestrate the expression of the immediate early genes in response to growth factor stimulation. Here we show that, in human and murine fibroblasts, MEF2 activities are downregulated during late G1. MEF2C and MEF2D interact with the E3 ligase F-box protein SKP2, which mediates their subsequent degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. The cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4)/cyclin D1 complex phosphorylates MEF2D on serine residues 98 and 110, and phosphorylation of these residues is an important determinant for SKP2 binding. Unscheduled MEF2 transcription during the cell cycle reduces cell proliferation, whereas its containment sustains DNA replication. The CDK inhibitor p21/CDKN1A gene is a MEF2 target gene required to exert this antiproliferative influence. MEF2C and MEF2D bind a region within the first intron of CDKN1A, presenting epigenetic markers of open chromatin. Importantly, H3K27 acetylation within this regulative region depends on the presence of MEF2D. We propose that following the initial engagement in the G0/G1 transition, MEF2C and MEF2D must be polyubiquitylated and degraded during G1 progression to diminish the transcription of the CDKN1A gene, thus favoring entry into S phase.
Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy.
Eros
E
Di Giorgio
Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy.
Enrico
E
Gagliostro
Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy.
Andrea
A
Clocchiatti
Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy claudio.brancolini@uniud.it.
Claudio
C
Brancolini
D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002460:Cell Line; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D064326:MEF2 Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D055550:Protein Stability; D016196:S Phase; D044786:S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D064326:MEF2 Transcription Factors; C578040:MEF2C protein, human; D044786:S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4