Emotion-inducing approaching sounds shape the boundaries of multisensory peripersonal space.
In order to survive in a complex environment, inhabited by potentially threatening and noxious objects or living beings, we need to constantly monitor our surrounding space, especially in the vicinity of our body. Such a space has been commonly referred to as one's 'peripersonal space' (PPS). In this study we investigated whether emotion-inducing approaching sound sources impact the boundaries of PPS. Previous studies have indeed showed that the boundaries of PPS are not fixed but modulate according to properties of stimuli in the surrounding environment. In Experiment 1, participants performed a simple tactile detection task of targets presented to their right hand. Concurrently, they were presented with intensity-changing task-irrelevant artificial sound sources perceived as approaching toward their body. The physical properties of the sound elicited emotional responses of either neutral or negative valence. Results showed larger PPS when the approaching stimulus had negative as compared to neutral emotional valence. In Experiment 2, we used ecological sounds which content (i.e., psychological associations to the sound producing source), rather than physical properties, elicited emotional responses of negative, positive or neutral valence. In agreement with results from experiment 1, we found larger PPS when the approaching stimuli had negative emotional valence as compared to both neutral and positive ones. Results are discussed within the theoretical framework that conceives PPS as a safety zone around one's body.
Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics, University of Ottawa, Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Electronic address: Francesca.Ferri@theroyal.ca.
Francesca
F
Ferri
UCL Interaction Centre (UCLIC), University College London, University of London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
Ana
A
Tajadura-Jiménez
Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Aleksander
A
Väljamäe
Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Department of Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Genova, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy.
Roberta
R
Vastano
Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics, University of Ottawa, Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy; Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies-ITAB, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy.
Marcello
M
Costantini
D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000162:Acoustics; D000293:Adolescent; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D004215:Distance Perception; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D010550:Personal Space; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D011930:Reaction Time; D012683:Sensory Deprivation / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014110:Touch / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
Approaching; Auditory sources; Emotion; Multisensory integration; Peripersonal space; looming sounds