Feeding practices among Indonesian children above six months of age: a literature review on their potential determinants (part 2).
BACKGROUND
Feeding practices among young children are not optimal in Indonesia. Improving these practices is crucial to prevent and reduce malnutrition among young children. A better understanding of the underlying factors to appropriate practices is essential to address barriers and identify opportunities to optimal practices. This paper aims to shed light on potential determinants of feeding practices among children above 6 months of age.


METHODS
A systematic research of several databases using combinations of different search terms: feeding, child, Indonesia, MPASI/complementary food, gizi/nutrition, factor, determinant, praktek/practices was conducted. All documents were reviewed using a three-step procedure to assess content appropriateness and research quality. Data were analyzed using the Hector's framework on behaviour change.


RESULTS
Available data on individual factors influencing feeding practices related mainly to mother's attributes, namely knowledge, perceptions, attitudes, beliefs and skills. Some of them are positively linked to good practices. Some environmental-related factors such as health services, home and peer environment were conducive to improved practices. Studies on societal factors were mostly restricted to food systems which do not favour optimal feeding practices.


CONCLUSIONS
The review provides insights on underlying factors conducive to optimal feeding practices. Yet, relevant and quality research is required to get a better understanding on factors related to the environment and society as well as on how they are related with each other and operate in different contexts. Indonesia has already experimented successful programs which can be used as a reference to strengthen young child feeding practices.
School of Food Sciences, Nutrition and Family Studies, Moncton University de Moncton, Campus de Moncton, Moncton, New-Brunswick, Canada; previously affiliated with UNICEF Indonesia.|UNICEF Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Sonia
S
Blaney
South-East Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) Regional Centre for Food and Nutrition (RECFON), SEAMEO building, University of Indonesia, Jalan Salemba Raya no.6 Jakarta 10430, Indonesia. Email: judhiastuty@yahoo.com.
Judhiastuty
J
Februhartanty
UNICEF Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Sri
S
Sukotjo
D001942:Breast Feeding; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
D018977:Micronutrients