Physical parameters, modeling, and methodological details in using IR laser pulses to warm frozen or vitrified cells ultra-rapidly.
We report additional details of the thermal modeling, selection of the laser, and construction of the Cryo Jig used for our ultra-rapid warming studies of mouse oocytes (Jin et al., 2014). A Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm was selected to deliver short 1ms pulses of sufficient power to produce a warming rate of 1×10(7)°C/min from -190°C to 0°C. A special Cryo Jig was designed and built to rapidly remove the sample from LN2 and expose it to the laser pulse. India ink carbon black particles were required to increase the laser energy absorption of the sample. The thermal model reported here is more general than that previously reported. The modeling reveals that the maximum warming rate achievable via external warming across the cell membrane is proportional to (1/R(2)) where R is the cell radius.
Fundamental and Applied Cryobiology Group, Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840, USA; Department of Physics, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. Electronic address: fkleinha@iupui.edu.
F W
FW
Kleinhans
Fundamental and Applied Cryobiology Group, Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840, USA. Electronic address: pmazur@utk.edu.
Peter
P
Mazur
D000818:Animals; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D006361:Heating / Q000379:methods*; D007834:Lasers; D008027:Light; D051379:Mice; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009865:Oocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D058989:Vitrification
C028433:chinese ink; D002244:Carbon
Cryo Jig; IR; India ink; Maximum warming rate; Mouse oocytes; Nd:YAG laser; Thermal modeling; Ultra-rapid warming