Gender differences in sleep disordered breathing: implications for therapy.
There are gender differences in the upper airway function and respiratory stability in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Hormones are implicated in some gender-related differences, and these differences between men and women appear to mitigate as age increases. In addition, changes in the airway and lung function during pregnancy can contribute to snoring and OSA that might have an adverse effect on the mother and fetus. The limited data available suggest that although the prevalence and severity of OSA may be lower in women, the consequences of the disease are similar, if not worse. Women with OSA may have greater risk for hypertension and endothelial dysfunction, be more likely to develop comorbid conditions such as anxiety and depression and have increased mortality. Therefore, treatment options specifically targeting female presentations and pathophysiology of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) are expected to result in improved outcomes in women.
Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Christine
C
Won
Christian
C
Guilleminault
D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012737:Sex Factors; D012890:Sleep; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*
gender; positive airway pressure; sleep apnea; sleep-disordered breathing; women