New insights into lung diseases using hyperpolarized gas MRI.
Hyperpolarized (HP) gases are a new class of contrast agents that permit to obtain high temporal and spatial resolution magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the lung airspaces. HP gas MRI has become important research tool not only for morphological and functional evaluation of normal pulmonary physiology but also for regional quantification of pathologic changes occurring in several lung diseases. The purpose of this work is to provide an introduction to MRI using HP noble gases, describing both the basic principles of the technique and the new information about lung disease provided by clinical studies with this method. The applications of the technique in normal subjects, smoking related lung disease, asthma, and cystic fibrosis are reviewed.
Departamento de Radiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, Estados Unidos. Electronic address: lcflors@gmail.com.
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L
Flors
Departamento de Radiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, Estados Unidos.
T A
TA
Altes
Departamento de Radiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, Estados Unidos.
J P
JP
Mugler
Departamento de Radiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, Estados Unidos.
E E
EE
de Lange
Departamento de Radiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, Estados Unidos.
G W
GW
Miller
Departamento de Radiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, Estados Unidos.
J F
JF
Mata
Xemed LLC, Durham, New Hampshire, Estados Unidos; Departamento de Física, Universidad de New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, Estados Unidos.
I C
IC
Ruset
Departamento de Física, Universidad de New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, Estados Unidos; Xemed LLC, Durham, New Hampshire, Estados Unidos.
F W
FW
Hersman
D003287:Contrast Media; D006371:Helium; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D014978:Xenon
D003287:Contrast Media; D006371:Helium; D014978:Xenon
Diffusion; Difusión, Helio; Gas hiperpolarizado; Helium; Hyperpolarized gas; Lung morphometry; Magnetic resonance imaging; Morfometría pulmonar; Resonancia magnética; Xenon; Xenón