Cellular connections, microenvironment and brain angiogenesis in diabetes: Lost communication signals in the post-stroke period.
Diabetes not only increases the risk but also worsens the motor and cognitive recovery after stroke, which is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Repair after stroke requires coordinated communication among various cell types in the central nervous system as well as circulating cells. Vascular restoration is critical for the enhancement of neurogenesis and neuroplasticity. Given that vascular disease is a major component of all complications associated with diabetes including stroke, this review will focus on cellular communications that are important for vascular restoration in the context of diabetes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Cell Interactions In Stroke.
Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th Street, CA 2094, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA. Electronic address: aergul@gru.edu.
Adviye
A
Ergul
Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th Street, CA 2094, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
John Paul
JP
Valenzuela
Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA; Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
Abdelrahman Y
AY
Fouda
Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA; Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
Susan C
SC
Fagan
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000502:physiology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000503:physiopathology; D020521:Stroke / Q000503:physiopathology*
Angiogenesis; Diabetes; Stroke; Vascular restoration