Development of a 12 month screener based on items from the Bayley II Scales of Infant Development for use in Low Middle Income countries.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of the current study was to adapt the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II for use as a screening measure that could be used by health care professionals in Low Middle Income (LMI) countries with 12 month old infants to determine if they needed further assessment and early intervention.


METHODS
The adaptations were made as part of a larger study of children participating in a home-based early intervention program in India, Pakistan, and Zambia. Using Item Response Theory, a brief 12 month screener, with excellent sensitivity and specificity was identified.


RESULTS
The proposed 12 month screener contains 7 mental/cognitive items and 5 motor items. Children who cannot perform more than 3 items on the mental scale (sensitivity 79%, specificity 85%) and/or 3 items on the motor scale (sensitivity 96%, specificity 95%) should be referred for further assessment.


CONCLUSIONS
This screener can reliably be used to determine if a child needs further developmental assessment.
University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States. Electronic address: fbiasini@uab.edu.
Fred J
FJ
Biasini
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.
Desiree
D
De Jong
University of Alabama, AL, United States.
Sarah
S
Ryan
Department of Statistics Epidemiology, RTI International, Durham, NC, United States.
Vanessa
V
Thorsten
Department of Statistics Epidemiology, RTI International, Durham, NC, United States.
Carla
C
Bann
KLE University's Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum, India.
Roopa
R
Bellad
KLE University's Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum, India.
Niranjana S
NS
Mahantshetti
KLE University's Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum, India.
Sangappa M
SM
Dhaded
Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan.
Omrana
O
Pasha
University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
Elwyn
E
Chomba
KLE University's Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum, India.
Shivaprasad S
SS
Goudar
University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
Waldemar A
WA
Carlo
Department of Statistics Epidemiology, RTI International, Durham, NC, United States.
Elizabeth
E
McClure
D003071:Cognition; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D009068:Movement; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010154:Pakistan; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D015024:Zambia
Culture; Infant/toddler assessment; International testing