Design, synthesis, and computational studies on dihydropyrimidine scaffolds as potential lipoxygenase inhibitors and cancer chemopreventive agents.
Dihydropyrimidine scaffold has a wide range of potential pharmacological activities such as antiviral, antitubercular, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. 5-Lipoxygenase enzyme is an enzyme responsible for the metabolism of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes. The elevated levels of this enzyme and its metabolites in cancer cells have a direct relation on the development of cancer when compared to normal cells. The development of novel lipoxygenase inhibitors can have a major role in cancer therapy. A series of substituted 1,4-dihydropyrimidine analogues were synthesized and characterized by (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, and HRMS. Molecular docking against lipoxygenase enzyme (protein data bank code =3V99) was done using Molecular Operating Environment 2013.08 and Leadit 2.1.2 softwares and showed high affinities. The synthesized compounds were tested for their lipoxygenase inhibitory activity and showed inhibition ranging from 59.37%±0.66% to 81.19%±0.94%. The activity was explained by a molecular docking study. The title compounds were also tested for cytotoxic activity against two human cancer cell lines Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 and human melanoma cells and a normal peripheral blood mononuclear cell line.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ; Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa.
Katharigatta N
KN
Venugopala
Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa.
Reshme
R
Govender
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo, Egypt.
Mohammed A
MA
Khedr
Department of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, Durban, South Africa.
Rashmi
R
Venugopala
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Bandar E
BE
Aldhubiab
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Sree
S
Harsha
Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa.
Bharti
B
Odhav
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015195:Drug Design; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D006801:Humans; D016859:Lipoxygenase Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058945:Lipoxygenases / Q000378:metabolism; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
C586280:1,4-dihydropyrimidine; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016859:Lipoxygenase Inhibitors; D011743:Pyrimidines; D058945:Lipoxygenases
1,4-dihydropyrimidines; molecular docking study; synthesis and characterization