The effect of fabric and stabbing variables on severance appearance.
During a stabbing, apparel fabrics are usually damaged and may be penetrated. Despite numerous studies considering forces required to penetrate skin and human stabbing performance, none have systematically evaluated which variables affect severance appearance from a textile science perspective using a human stabbing participant assessment. Although the human performance aspects of stabbing attacks have been previously studied, there has been a bias towards male assailants. The effects of fabric elasticity and tension applied have been identified as major factors influencing the severance profile in the fabric resulting from a stab attack. However, previous studies have considered limited fabric types with little emphasis on the physical and mechanical textile properties. The purpose of the current research was to use a human participant study (male n=5; female n=5) to determine the effect of fabric extension (0%, 10%) on the severance profile. Fabric type (single jersey; 100% cotton; 93% cotton/7% elastane), age (not laundered; laundered 60 times) and knife type (carving, bread) were also considered. Severance length was affected by participant sex, fabric type, laundering and knife type. The severances formed in this study were not significantly affected by the amount a fabric was extended when stabbed. Variability was observed in the severance appearance among participants where prior training influenced the angle of impact and knife withdrawal technique.
Centre for Advanced Materials and Performance Textiles, RMIT University, 25 Dawson Street, Brunswick, VIC 3056, Australia; Impact and Armour Group, Centre for Defence Engineering, Cranfield Defence and Security, Cranfield University, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Shrivenham, Oxon SN6 8LA, UK.
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Cowper
Impact and Armour Group, Centre for Defence Engineering, Cranfield Defence and Security, Cranfield University, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Shrivenham, Oxon SN6 8LA, UK. Electronic address: d.j.carr@cranfield.ac.uk.
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DJ
Carr
Impact and Armour Group, Centre for Defence Engineering, Cranfield Defence and Security, Cranfield University, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Shrivenham, Oxon SN6 8LA, UK.
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Horsfall
Centre for Advanced Materials and Performance Textiles, RMIT University, 25 Dawson Street, Brunswick, VIC 3056, Australia.
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SM
Fergusson
D000328:Adult; D003020:Clothing; D004548:Elasticity; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D044707:Forensic Sciences; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008853:Microscopy; D008954:Models, Biological; D054041:Weapons; D014951:Wounds, Stab
Extension and elasticity; Knife; Knitted fabric; Male and female participants; Morphology