Pharmacological investigations on cross adaptation in mice subjected to stress immobilization.
OBJECTIVE
The present study was designed to investigate the existence of cross adaptation between immobilization and foot shock stress, and to identify the role of endogenous opioids in cross adaptation.


METHODS
Mice were subjected to acute stress using a single episode of immobilization of 2h duration; while stress adaptation was induced by repeated exposures to homotypic stressor for 5 days. To explore the existence of cross adaptation, homotypic stressor was replaced with a heterotypic stressor on the 6th day and foot shocks of 0.5 mA intensity, 1s duration with an interval of 2 min were delivered for 1h. Stress-related behavioral alterations were assessed using the actophotometer, hole board, open field and social interaction tests.


RESULTS
A single exposure of immobilization produced the significant behavioral alterations that were restored on the 5th day following repeated applications of immobilization stress, indicating the development of stress adaptation. Furthermore, acute exposure of foot shock (heterotypic stressor) did not produce the behavioral alterations in immobilization stress adapted animals, indicating the development of cross adaptation. Administration of naloxone abolished the restoration of behavioral changes as a part of adaptive/cross adaptive process in repeated immobilization stress-subjected mice.


CONCLUSIONS
It may be concluded that immobilization stress adapted mice exhibit cross adaptation to foot shock stress, with the possible involvement of opioids as endogenous adaptogenic/cross adaptogenic factors.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, Patiala 147002, India.
Eitika
E
Chauhan
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, Patiala 147002, India.
Anjana
A
Bali
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, Patiala 147002, India.
Nirmal
N
Singh
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, Patiala 147002, India. Electronic address: amteshwarjaggi@yahoo.co.in.
Amteshwar Singh
AS
Jaggi
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D004597:Electroshock; D004723:Endorphins / Q000502:physiology; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D007103:Immobilization; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*
D004723:Endorphins; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009270:Naloxone
Adaptation; Cross adaptation; Electric foot shock; Immobilization; Opioids; Stress