Maintenance and genetic load of plasmid pKON1 of Paracoccus kondratievae, containing a highly efficient toxin-antitoxin module of the hipAB family.
Paracoccus kondratievae NCIMB 13773(T), isolated from the maize rhizosphere, carries a large (95,049 bp) plasmid pKON1, whose structure has been significantly influenced by transposition. Almost 30% of the plasmid genome is composed of complete or truncated insertion sequences (ISs), representing seven IS families. The ISs are accompanied by numerous genes and gene clusters commonly found in bacterial chromosomes, encoding, among others, (i) a putative type III secretion system of the Rhizobiales-T3SS family, (ii) a type I restriction-modification system associated with the anti-codon nuclease (ACNase) gene prrC and (iii) OstA and OstB proteins involved in trehalose synthesis. The backbone of pKON1 is composed of replication and partitioning modules conserved in several large alphaproteobacterial replicons, including secondary chromid pAMI6 of Paracoccus aminophilus JCM 7686 and chromosome 2 (chromid) of Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1. pKON1 also contains a toxin-antitoxin system of the hipAB family, whose presence precludes removal of the plasmid from bacterial cells. This system, unlike two other related hipAB-family loci originating from plasmid pAMI8 and the chromosome of Paracoccus aminophilus JCM 7686, is highly efficient and permits very stable maintenance of a heterologous replicon in various hosts.
Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland.
Jakub
J
Czarnecki
Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland.
Lukasz
L
Dziewit
Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland.
Lukasz
L
Kowalski
Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland.
Magdalena
M
Ochnio
Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: bartosik@biol.uw.edu.pl.
Dariusz
D
Bartosik
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics*; D001482:Base Composition; D001483:Base Sequence; D002876:Chromosomes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D056426:Genetic Loci; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010230:Paracoccus / Q000235:genetics*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics*; D012093:Replicon; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
D001427:Bacterial Toxins
Alphaproteobacteria; Insertion sequence; Paracoccus kondratievae; Plasmid genomics; Toxin–antitoxin; hipAB