Gestational age and developmental risk in moderately and late preterm and early term infants.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between gestational age (GA) at birth and risk of developmental delay at 8 and 18 months of corrected postnatal age.


METHODS
During 2008 to 2011, infants at a corrected postnatal age of 8 or 18 months attending health centers in Santiago, Chile, were recruited. Participants completed a form on biographical and demographic characteristics and the Chilean validated version of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition (ASQ). Logistic regression was used to detect the capacity of GA to predict scores < -2 SDs on the basis of the Chilean ASQ reference group, in at least 1 ASQ domain, adjusted by different control variables.


RESULTS
A total of 1667 infants were included in the analysis. An inverse "dose response" relationship between developmental delay risk and GA at birth was found, both in the crude and adjusted models. Compared with those born full term, the odds ratio for developmental delay risk was 1.56 for those born early term (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19-2.06), 2.58 for infants born late preterm (95%CI: 1.66-4.01), and 3.01 for those born moderately preterm (95%CI: 1.59-5.71).


CONCLUSIONS
An inverse dose-response relationship between GA and risk of developmental delay was found in the tested population. Future prospective studies and predictive models are needed to understand whether this higher developmental risk in moderately and late preterm infants is transient and modifiable or persists throughout life, allowing for better targeting of early-intervention strategies.
Departmento de Pediatria, Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Medicina, Clinica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile; and lschonhaut@alemana.cl.
Luisa
L
Schonhaut
Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Gabriela Mistral, Santiago, Chile.
Iván
I
Armijo
Departmento de Pediatria, Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Medicina, Clinica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile; and.
Marcela
M
Pérez
D002677:Chile; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
Ages and Stages Questionnaires; developmental delay; developmental screening; early term; infant; late preterm; low birth weight; moderately preterm