Farsi Version of the Mammography Self-efficacy Scale for Iranian Women.
BACKGROUND
Self-efficacy is a crucial factor in adopting mammography behavior. A reliable and valid instrument is necessary to measure self-efficacy among Iranian women.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to translate the original version of Champion's Mammography Self-efficacy Scale into Farsi and then to estimate the Farsi version's reliability and validity.


METHODS
In a cross-sectional study, 200 women 40 years or older who were referred to health centers in Iran were invited to complete the related questionnaires during an interview. Cronbach's α coefficients and item-total correlations were measured to evaluate the reliability of the scales. Content and face validities were evaluated using the opinions of a panel of experts, and construct validity was estimated through applying confirmatory factor analysis. Logistic regression and χ tests were used to estimate theoretical relationships.


RESULTS
In terms of reliability, the internal consistency α was .904 and the test-retest reliability correlation over a 4-week period was 0.624. With regard to the confirmatory factor analysis, the proportion of χ to degrees of freedom was 0.394, giving a P value of .852 and a root-mean-square error of approximation less than 0.001 with confidence intervals of less than 0.001 and 0.018, with a comparative fit index of 1, normed fit index of 0.999, relative fit index of 0.993, and incremental fit index of 1.


CONCLUSIONS
The items that form the self-efficacy measurement scale in the Farsi version are highly reliable and valid.


CONCLUSIONS
Healthcare professionals and nursing health communities may apply the instrument to determine women's self-efficacy and to plan appropriate educational interventions, aiming at promoting women's mammography behavior.
Author Affiliations: Department of Health Education (Ms Hashemian, Dr Hidarnia, Dr Aminshokravi, and Dr Tavafian); Department of Midwifery (Dr Lamyian), Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran; Department of Pediatric, Sabzevar University, Sabzevar (Dr Hassanpour); and Department of Biostatistics, North Khorasan University, Bojnurd, Iran (Mr Akaberi).
Masoumeh
M
Hashemian
Alireza
A
Hidarnia
Farkhondeh
F
Aminshokravi
Minoor
M
Lamyian
Kazem
K
Hassanpour
Arash
A
Akaberi
Sedigheh Sadat
SS
Tavafian
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008327:Mammography / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating