Second-to-fourth Digit Ratio in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
OBJECTIVE
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) occurs predominantly in women, and sex hormones play an important role in SLE. Variation in the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D4D ratio) is attributed to sex hormone exposure. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between sex hormones and SLE by measuring 2D4D ratios.


METHODS
We measured 2D4D ratios in 100 patients with SLE and 200 normal healthy controls (NHC).


RESULTS
Patients with SLE had a lower 2D4D ratio than NHC.


CONCLUSIONS
Our study suggests that patients with SLE have experienced high prenatal testosterone and low prenatal estrogen. To our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the association between 2D4D ratio and SLE.
From the Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.K. Doe, MD, PhD; K. Nozawa, MD, PhD; T. Hirai, MD; H. Tsushima, MD; E. Hayashi, MD; K. Hiruma, MD; S. Ando, MD, PhD; S. Nakano, MD, PhD; T. Kon, MD, PhD; H. Amano, MD, PhD; K. Yamaji, MD, PhD; N. Tamura, MD, PhD; Y. Takasaki, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine. kdoe@juntendo.ac.jp.
Kentaro
K
Doe
From the Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.K. Doe, MD, PhD; K. Nozawa, MD, PhD; T. Hirai, MD; H. Tsushima, MD; E. Hayashi, MD; K. Hiruma, MD; S. Ando, MD, PhD; S. Nakano, MD, PhD; T. Kon, MD, PhD; H. Amano, MD, PhD; K. Yamaji, MD, PhD; N. Tamura, MD, PhD; Y. Takasaki, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine.
Kazuhisa
K
Nozawa
From the Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.K. Doe, MD, PhD; K. Nozawa, MD, PhD; T. Hirai, MD; H. Tsushima, MD; E. Hayashi, MD; K. Hiruma, MD; S. Ando, MD, PhD; S. Nakano, MD, PhD; T. Kon, MD, PhD; H. Amano, MD, PhD; K. Yamaji, MD, PhD; N. Tamura, MD, PhD; Y. Takasaki, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine.
Takuya
T
Hirai
From the Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.K. Doe, MD, PhD; K. Nozawa, MD, PhD; T. Hirai, MD; H. Tsushima, MD; E. Hayashi, MD; K. Hiruma, MD; S. Ando, MD, PhD; S. Nakano, MD, PhD; T. Kon, MD, PhD; H. Amano, MD, PhD; K. Yamaji, MD, PhD; N. Tamura, MD, PhD; Y. Takasaki, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine.
Hiroshi
H
Tsushima
From the Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.K. Doe, MD, PhD; K. Nozawa, MD, PhD; T. Hirai, MD; H. Tsushima, MD; E. Hayashi, MD; K. Hiruma, MD; S. Ando, MD, PhD; S. Nakano, MD, PhD; T. Kon, MD, PhD; H. Amano, MD, PhD; K. Yamaji, MD, PhD; N. Tamura, MD, PhD; Y. Takasaki, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine.
Eri
E
Hayashi
From the Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.K. Doe, MD, PhD; K. Nozawa, MD, PhD; T. Hirai, MD; H. Tsushima, MD; E. Hayashi, MD; K. Hiruma, MD; S. Ando, MD, PhD; S. Nakano, MD, PhD; T. Kon, MD, PhD; H. Amano, MD, PhD; K. Yamaji, MD, PhD; N. Tamura, MD, PhD; Y. Takasaki, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine.
Kaori
K
Hiruma
From the Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.K. Doe, MD, PhD; K. Nozawa, MD, PhD; T. Hirai, MD; H. Tsushima, MD; E. Hayashi, MD; K. Hiruma, MD; S. Ando, MD, PhD; S. Nakano, MD, PhD; T. Kon, MD, PhD; H. Amano, MD, PhD; K. Yamaji, MD, PhD; N. Tamura, MD, PhD; Y. Takasaki, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine.
Seiichiro
S
Ando
From the Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.K. Doe, MD, PhD; K. Nozawa, MD, PhD; T. Hirai, MD; H. Tsushima, MD; E. Hayashi, MD; K. Hiruma, MD; S. Ando, MD, PhD; S. Nakano, MD, PhD; T. Kon, MD, PhD; H. Amano, MD, PhD; K. Yamaji, MD, PhD; N. Tamura, MD, PhD; Y. Takasaki, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine.
Soichiro
S
Nakano
From the Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.K. Doe, MD, PhD; K. Nozawa, MD, PhD; T. Hirai, MD; H. Tsushima, MD; E. Hayashi, MD; K. Hiruma, MD; S. Ando, MD, PhD; S. Nakano, MD, PhD; T. Kon, MD, PhD; H. Amano, MD, PhD; K. Yamaji, MD, PhD; N. Tamura, MD, PhD; Y. Takasaki, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine.
Takayuki
T
Kon
From the Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.K. Doe, MD, PhD; K. Nozawa, MD, PhD; T. Hirai, MD; H. Tsushima, MD; E. Hayashi, MD; K. Hiruma, MD; S. Ando, MD, PhD; S. Nakano, MD, PhD; T. Kon, MD, PhD; H. Amano, MD, PhD; K. Yamaji, MD, PhD; N. Tamura, MD, PhD; Y. Takasaki, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine.
Hirofumi
H
Amano
From the Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.K. Doe, MD, PhD; K. Nozawa, MD, PhD; T. Hirai, MD; H. Tsushima, MD; E. Hayashi, MD; K. Hiruma, MD; S. Ando, MD, PhD; S. Nakano, MD, PhD; T. Kon, MD, PhD; H. Amano, MD, PhD; K. Yamaji, MD, PhD; N. Tamura, MD, PhD; Y. Takasaki, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine.
Ken
K
Yamaji
From the Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.K. Doe, MD, PhD; K. Nozawa, MD, PhD; T. Hirai, MD; H. Tsushima, MD; E. Hayashi, MD; K. Hiruma, MD; S. Ando, MD, PhD; S. Nakano, MD, PhD; T. Kon, MD, PhD; H. Amano, MD, PhD; K. Yamaji, MD, PhD; N. Tamura, MD, PhD; Y. Takasaki, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine.
Naoto
N
Tamura
From the Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.K. Doe, MD, PhD; K. Nozawa, MD, PhD; T. Hirai, MD; H. Tsushima, MD; E. Hayashi, MD; K. Hiruma, MD; S. Ando, MD, PhD; S. Nakano, MD, PhD; T. Kon, MD, PhD; H. Amano, MD, PhD; K. Yamaji, MD, PhD; N. Tamura, MD, PhD; Y. Takasaki, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine.
Yoshinari
Y
Takasaki
D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000473:pathology*; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones
2D4D; DIGIT RATIO; SEX HORMONE; SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS