DNA damage and repair in plants under ultraviolet and ionizing radiations.
Being sessile, plants are continuously exposed to DNA-damaging agents present in the environment such as ultraviolet (UV) and ionizing radiations (IR). Sunlight acts as an energy source for photosynthetic plants; hence, avoidance of UV radiations (namely, UV-A, 315-400 nm; UV-B, 280-315 nm; and UV-C, <280 nm) is unpreventable. DNA in particular strongly absorbs UV-B; therefore, it is the most important target for UV-B induced damage. On the other hand, IR causes water radiolysis, which generates highly reactive hydroxyl radicals (OH(•)) and causes radiogenic damage to important cellular components. However, to maintain genomic integrity under UV/IR exposure, plants make use of several DNA repair mechanisms. In the light of recent breakthrough, the current minireview (a) introduces UV/IR and overviews UV/IR-mediated DNA damage products and (b) critically discusses the biochemistry and genetics of major pathways responsible for the repair of UV/IR-accrued DNA damage. The outcome of the discussion may be helpful in devising future research in the current context.
Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Centre for Biotechnology, MD University, Rohtak, Haryana 124 001, India.
Sarvajeet S
SS
Gill
Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Naser A
0000-0001-9953-0703
NA
Anjum
Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Centre for Biotechnology, MD University, Rohtak, Haryana 124 001, India.
Ritu
R
Gill
Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Centre for Biotechnology, MD University, Rohtak, Haryana 124 001, India.
Manoranjan
M
Jha
Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
Narendra
N
Tuteja
D004249:DNA Damage / Q000235:genetics*; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004255:Deoxyribodipyrimidine Photo-Lyase / Q000378:metabolism; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D010944:Plants / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011740:Pyrimidine Dimers / Q000528:radiation effects; D011839:Radiation, Ionizing; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*
D011740:Pyrimidine Dimers; C058406:pyrimidine-pyrimidone dimer; D004255:Deoxyribodipyrimidine Photo-Lyase