Enhanced identification of BOLD-like components with multi-echo simultaneous multi-slice (MESMS) fMRI and multi-echo ICA.
The recent introduction of simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) acquisitions has enabled the acquisition of blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data with significantly higher temporal sampling rates. In a parallel development, the use of multi-echo fMRI acquisitions in conjunction with a multi-echo independent component analysis (ME-ICA) approach has been introduced as a means to automatically distinguish functionally-related BOLD signal components from signal artifacts, with significant gains in sensitivity, statistical power, and specificity. In this work, we examine the gains that can be achieved with a combined approach in which data obtained with a multi-echo simultaneous multi-slice (MESMS) acquisition are analyzed with ME-ICA. We find that ME-ICA identifies significantly more BOLD-like components in the MESMS data as compared to data acquired with a conventional multi-echo single-slice acquisition. We demonstrate that the improved performance of MESMS derives from both an increase in the number of temporal samples and the enhanced ability to filter out high-frequency artifacts.
Neuroscience Imaging Center, University of Pittsburgh, 3025 E Carson St., Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA. Electronic address: vto77@pitt.edu.
Valur
V
Olafsson
Brain Imaging Center, Icahn Institute of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave., 1st floor, New York, NY 10029, USA; Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn Institute of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave., 1st floor, New York, NY 10029, USA. Electronic address: prantik.kundu@mssm.edu.
Prantik
P
Kundu
Center for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Eric C
EC
Wong
Section on Functional Imaging Methods, National Institute of Mental Health, 6001 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, MD, USA; Functional MRI Core Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, 6001 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Peter A
PA
Bandettini
Center for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Electronic address: ttliu@ucsd.edu.
Thomas T
TT
Liu
D000328:Adult; D016477:Artifacts; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis
D010100:Oxygen