[Environmental and genetic risk factors for endometrial carcinoma].
In France, endometrial cancer is at the first rank of gynecological cancers for cancer incidence, before ovarian and cervical cancers. In fact, the number of incident cases has been estimated to 7275 for the year 2012; the number of death due to endometrial cancer to 2025. This cancer is hormone-dependent and endogenous (reproductive factors) or exogenous (oral combined contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy) causes of exposition to estrogens are the major environmental risk factors for both types of endometrial cancers: type I or well-differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinomas; and type II including all other histological types: papillary serous adenocarcinomas, clear cell adenocarcinomas and carcinosarcomas, also known as malignant mixed Mullerian tumor, MMMT. Obesity, diabetes mellitus and adjuvant treatment of breast cancer with tamoxifen are also associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer. Genetic factors may also be implicated in the pathogenesis of endometrial cancer either as "minor genetic factors" (susceptibility factors), which remain largely unknown and are responsible for the increased observed risk in relatives of women affected with endometrial cancer; or as major genetic factors responsible for hereditary forms and namely for Lynch syndrome whose genetic transmission is of autosomic dominant type. The appropriate recognition of Lynch syndrome is of critical importance because affected patients and their relatives should benefit from specific care. The aims of this review is to describe major environmental and genetic risk factors for endometrial cancer with specific attention to most recent advances in this field and to describe recommendations for care of at-risk women.
Institut Curie, service de génétique, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 5, France.
Claire
C
Sénéchal
Institut Curie, service de génétique, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 5, France; CHU de Tours, service de génétique, 2, boulevard Tonnelé, 37000 Tours, France.
Edouard
E
Cottereau
Institut Curie, service de génétique, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 5, France.
Antoine
A
de Pauw
Institut Curie, service de génétique, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 5, France.
Camille
C
Elan
Institut Curie, service de génétique, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 5, France.
Isabelle
I
Dagousset
Institut Curie, département de chirurgie, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 5, France.
Virginie
V
Fourchotte
Institut Curie, service de génétique, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 5, France.
Marion
M
Gauthier-Villars
Institut Curie, service d'anatomie pathologique, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 5, France.
Marick
M
Lae
Institut Curie, service de génétique, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 5, France; Université Paris-Descartes, 75006 Paris, France.
Dominique
D
Stoppa-Lyonnet
Institut Curie, service de génétique, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 5, France. Electronic address: bruno.buecher@curie.fr.
Bruno
B
Buecher
D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000009:adverse effects; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D004967:Estrogens / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000009:adverse effects; D015430:Weight Gain
D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D004967:Estrogens; D013629:Tamoxifen
Cancers de l’endomètre; Endometrial cancer; Facteurs de risque; Genetic predisposition; Lynch syndrome; Prédisposition génétique; Risk factors; Syndrome de Lynch