Altered Quality of Life and Psychological Health (SCL-90-R) in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the impact of olfactory dysfunction on quality of life (QOL) and psychological status in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).


METHODS
A retrospective observational study was conducted from January 2011 to May 2012 with 130 patients with septal deviation (SD) (n = 59) and CRSwNP (n = 71). All patients underwent computed tomography (CT), allergy tests, and sniffin' stick olfactory test. Anosmia was defined by Threshold-Discrimination-Identification (TDI) scores less than 16. QOL and psychological symptoms were assessed with the Sinonasal Outcome Test-20 (SNOT-20) and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R).


RESULTS
Odor discrimination and identification scores were significantly lower in CRSwNP than in SD (P = .008 and P = .005, respectively). In CRSwNP, identification score decreased with higher CT score (r = -0.29, P = .014). CRSwNP with anosmia showed a decreased QOL (P = .044), and SNOT-20 negatively correlated with TDI in severe CRSwNP (CT score ≥15, r = -0.714, P = .001). Anosmia patients had higher anxiety and phobia scores of SCL-90-R in both SD and CRSwNP. However, depression score increased only in CRSwNP with anosmia (P = .025).


CONCLUSIONS
Olfactory dysfunction may have significant effects on QOL and psychological health. CRSwNP with anosmia is a distinct phenotype having mixed type of olfactory loss that might have a detrimental effect on depression.
Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
Jae Ho
JH
Chung
Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
Yun Jae
YJ
Lee
Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
Tae Wook
TW
Kang
Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
Kyung Rae
KR
Kim
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
Dong Pyo
DP
Jang
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
In Young
IY
Kim
Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea shcho@hanyang.ac.kr iykim@hanyang.ac.kr.
Seok Hyun
SH
Cho
D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009298:Nasal Polyps / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D000857:Olfaction Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
nasal obstruction; nasal polyposis; olfaction; otolaryngology; rhinology; sinusitis