Inclusion of sorghum, millet and cottonseed meal in broiler diets: a meta-analysis of effects on performance.
A meta-analysis was conducted (i) to evaluate broiler response to partial or total substitution of corn by sorghum and millet and (ii) to determine the effect of soybean meal replacement by cottonseed meal in broiler diet. The database included 190 treatments from 29 experiments published from 1990 to 2013. Bird responses to an experimental diet were calculated relative to the control (Experimental-Control), and were submitted to mixed-effect models. Results showed that diets containing millet led to similar performance as the corn-based ones for all parameters, whereas sorghum-based diets decreased growth performance. No major effect of the level of substitution was observed with millet or cottonseed meal. No effect of the level of substitution of sorghum on feed intake was found; however, growth performance decreased when the level of substitution of corn by sorghum increased. Cottonseed meal was substituted to soybean meal up to 40% and found to increase feed intake while reducing growth performance. Young birds were not more sensitive to these ingredients than older birds since there was no negative effect of these ingredients on performance in the starter phase. Results obtained for sorghum pointed out the necessity to find technological improvements that will increase the utilization of these feedstuffs in broiler diet. An additional work is scheduled to validate these statistical results in vivo and to evaluate the interactions induced with the simultaneous inclusions of sorghum, millet and cottonseed meal in broiler feeding.
1INRA,UR83 Recherches Avicoles,F-37380 Nouzilly,France.
D I
DI
Batonon-Alavo
2Research Centre for Animal Nutrition and Health,DSM Nutritional Products France,F-68128 Village-Neuf,France.
M
M
Umar Faruk
3AgroParisTech,UMR 1048 SADAPT,F-75005 Paris,France.
P
P
Lescoat
4DSM Nutritional Products Ltd,Nutrition Innovation Center, CH-4002Basel,Switzerland.
G M
GM
Weber
5CIRAD,UMR SELMET,Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux,Baillarguet TA C-112/A,F-34398 Montpellier,France.
D
D
Bastianelli
D000367:Age Factors; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development*; D003369:Cottonseed Oil / Q000378:metabolism*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D000066928:Millets / Q000378:metabolism*; D015233:Models, Statistical; D045868:Sorghum / Q000378:metabolism*; D013025:Glycine max / Q000378:metabolism; D003313:Zea mays / Q000378:metabolism
D003369:Cottonseed Oil
broiler; cottonseed meal; meta-analysis; millet; sorghum