Current state of anti-PD-L1 and anti-PD-1 agents in cancer therapy.
Immunotherapy for the treatment of cancer is rapidly evolving from therapies that globally and non-specifically simulate the immune system to more targeted activation of individual components of the immune system. The net result of this targeted approach is decreased toxicity and increased efficacy of immunotherapy. More specifically, therapies that inhibit the interaction between programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), present on the surface of tumor or antigen-presenting cells, and programmed death 1 (PD-1), present on the surface of activated lymphocytes, are generating much excitement and enthusiasm, even in malignancies that are not traditionally considered to be immunogenic. Herein, we review the current landscape of anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 therapies in the world of oncology. We have performed a comprehensive literature search on the data available through PubMed, Medline, Scopus, the ClinicalTrials.gov registry, and abstracts from major oncology meetings in order to summarize the clinical data of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies.
Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd., Jacksonville, FL, USA.
Abhisek
A
Swaika
Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd., Jacksonville, FL, USA.
William A
WA
Hammond
Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd., Jacksonville, FL, USA. Electronic address: Joseph.Richard@Mayo.edu.
Richard W
RW
Joseph
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
Cancer; Immune evasion; Immunotherapy; PD-1; PD-L1