Role of 3-D ultrasound in clinical obstetric practice: evolution over 20 years.
The use of 3-D ultrasound in obstetrics has undergone dramatic development over the past 20 years. Since the first publications on this application in clinical practice, several 3-D ultrasound techniques and rendering modes have been proposed and applied to the study of fetal brain, face and cardiac anatomy. In addition, 3-D ultrasound has improved calculations of the volume of fetal organs and limbs and estimations of fetal birth weight. And furthermore, angiographic patterns of fetal organs and the placenta have been assessed using 3-D power Doppler ultrasound quantification. In this review, we aim to summarize current evidence on the clinical relevance of these methodologies and their application in obstetric practice.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guastalla Civil Hospital, ASL Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo-SP, Brazil.
Gabriele
G
Tonni
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (DGO-FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil.
Wellington P
WP
Martins
CETRIM- Center of Imaginology Training, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil.
Hélio
H
Guimarães Filho
Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo-SP, Brazil. Electronic address: Araujojred@terra.com.br.
Edward
E
Araujo Júnior
D018568:Crown-Rump Length; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D020567:Fetal Weight; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*
Doppler ultrasound; Fetus; Four-dimensional ultrasound; HDlive; Matrix array; Omniview; Spatiotemporal image correlation; Three-dimensional ultrasound; Volume calculation