Role of transcriptional regulation in the evolution of plant phenotype: A dynamic systems approach.
A growing body of evidence suggests that alterations in transcriptional regulation of genes involved in modulating development are an important part of phenotypic evolution, and this can be documented among species and within populations. While the effects of differential transcriptional regulation in organismal development have been preferentially studied in animal systems, this phenomenon has also been addressed in plants. In this review, we summarize evidence for cis-regulatory mutations, trans-regulatory changes and epigenetic modifications as molecular events underlying important phenotypic alterations, and thus shaping the evolution of plant development. We postulate that a mechanistic understanding of why such molecular alterations have a key role in development, morphology and evolution will have to rely on dynamic models of complex regulatory networks that consider the concerted action of genetic and nongenetic components, and that also incorporate the restrictions underlying the genotype to phenotype mapping process. Developmental Dynamics 244:1074-1095, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo, Evolución y Epigenética de Plantas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Exterior junto al Jardín Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, México.
Emiliano
E
Rodríguez-Mega
Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California.
Alma
A
Piñeyro-Nelson
Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
Crisanto
C
Gutierrez
Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo, Evolución y Epigenética de Plantas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Exterior junto al Jardín Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, México.
Berenice
B
García-Ponce
Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo, Evolución y Epigenética de Plantas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Exterior junto al Jardín Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, México.
María De La Paz
MP
Sánchez
Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo, Evolución y Epigenética de Plantas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Exterior junto al Jardín Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, México.
Estephania
E
Zluhan-Martínez
Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo, Evolución y Epigenética de Plantas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Exterior junto al Jardín Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, México.
Elena R
ER
Álvarez-Buylla
Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo, Evolución y Epigenética de Plantas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Exterior junto al Jardín Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, México.|Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
Adriana
A
Garay-Arroyo
epigenetics; evo-devo; gene regulation; gene regulatory networks; phenotypic evolution