Characterization of metabolic syndrome among diverse Hispanics/Latinos living in the United States: Latent class analysis from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).
OBJECTIVE
Empirical investigation of the adequacy of metabolic syndrome (MetS) diagnostic criteria, and whether meaningful subtypes of MetS exist, is needed among Hispanics/Latinos.


METHODS
In 15,825 US Hispanics/Latinos from HCHS/SOL, latent class analysis of MetS components (waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and antihypertensive, lipid- and glucose-lowering medication use) was used to investigate (1) whether distinct subtypes of MetS could be identified, and how component levels differed between them, and (2) how identified subtypes related to covariates and cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence.


RESULTS
Two latent clusters emerged in both men (n=6317) and women (n=9508): one characterized by relatively healthy mean levels (Non-MetS cluster, 77.1% of men and 67.1% of women) and the other by clinically elevated mean levels (MetS cluster, 22.9% of men and 32.9% of women) across most MetS components. These clusters showed expected associations with covariates and CVD prevalence. Notable results suggest that (1) HDL cholesterol may poorly differentiate between US Hispanics/Latinos with and without MetS (mean=45.4 vs. 44.6 mg/dL for men and 51.3 vs. 52.0 mg/dL for women in the MetS vs. Non-MetS clusters, respectively) and (2) the NCEP-ATP III 88 cm waist circumference cutoff for US females may not optimize diagnosis among Hispanic/Latino women (MetS cluster mean waist circumference=102.5 cm).


CONCLUSIONS
Beyond classification into having MetS or not, additional subtypes of MetS do not clearly emerge in US Hispanics/Latinos. Current diagnostic cutoffs for some components may not optimize MetS identification among this population.
University of Miami, United States. Electronic address: warguelles@psy.miami.edu.
William
W
Arguelles
University of Miami, United States.
Maria M
MM
Llabre
University of Miami, United States.
Ralph L
RL
Sacco
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States.
Frank J
FJ
Penedo
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States.
Mercedes
M
Carnethon
San Diego State University, United States.
Linda C
LC
Gallo
University of Miami, United States.
David J
DJ
Lee
RTI International, United States.
Diane J
DJ
Catellier
Wayne State University, United States.
Hector M
HM
González
San Diego State University, United States.
Christina
C
Holub
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, United States.
Laura R
LR
Loehr
Wake Forest School of Medicine, United States.
Elsayed Z
EZ
Soliman
University of Miami, United States.
Neil
N
Schneiderman
D000328:Adult; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D013223:Statistics as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D014481:United States / Q000208:ethnology; D055105:Waist Circumference / Q000502:physiology
D008076:Cholesterol, HDL
Cardiovascular disease; Hispanics/Latinos; Latent class analysis; Metabolic syndrome