Phase III open-label randomized study of cytarabine in combination with amonafide L-malate or daunorubicin as induction therapy for patients with secondary acute myeloid leukemia.
OBJECTIVE
Secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML), defined as AML arising after a prior myelodysplastic syndrome or after antineoplastic therapy, responds poorly to current therapies. It is often associated with adverse karyotypic abnormalities and overexpression of proteins that mediate drug resistance. We performed a phase III trial to determine whether induction therapy with cytarabine and amonafide L-malate, a DNA intercalator and non-ATP-dependent topoisomerase II inhibitor that evades drug resistance mechanisms, yielded a superior complete remission rate than standard therapy with cytarabine and daunorubicin in sAML.


METHODS
Patients with previously untreated sAML were randomly assigned at a one-to-one ratio to cytarabine 200 mg/m(2) continuous intravenous (IV) infusion once per day on days 1 to 7 plus either amonafide 600 mg/m(2) IV over 4 hours on days 1 to 5 (A + C arm) or daunorubicin 45 mg/m(2) IV over 30 minutes once per day on days 1 to 3 (D + C arm).


RESULTS
The complete remission (CR) rate was 46% (99 of 216 patients) in A + C arm and 45% (97 of 217 patients) in D + C arm (P = .81). The 30- and 60-day mortality rates were 19% and 28% in A + C arm and 13% and 21% in D + C arm, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Induction treatment with A + C did not improve the CR rate compared with D + C in patients with sAML.
Richard M. Stone, Emanuele Mazzola, and Donna Neuberg, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Ante S. Lundberg, Antisoma, Cambridge, MA; Steven L. Allen, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Lake Success; Meir Wetzler, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; Martin S. Tallman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Arnaud Pigneux, Hopital Haut-Leveque, Pessac, France; Robert K. Stuart, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; David Rizzieri, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Bayard Powell, Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, NC; Harry P. Erba, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI; Lloyd Damon, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Jun-Ho Jang, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Krzysztof Warzocha, Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, Warsaw, Poland; Támas Masszi, Szent Istvan and Szent Laszlo Corporate Hospital, Budapest; Miklos Egyed, Kaposi Mor County Teaching Hospital, Kasposvar, Hungary; Mikkael A. Sekeres, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH; Heinz-August Horst, Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Dominik Selleslag, Algemeen Ziekenhuis Sint-Jan, Brugge, Belgium; Scott R. Solomon, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program and Northside Hospital, Atlanta, GA; and Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL. rstone@partners.org.
Richard M
RM
Stone
Richard M. Stone, Emanuele Mazzola, and Donna Neuberg, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Ante S. Lundberg, Antisoma, Cambridge, MA; Steven L. Allen, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Lake Success; Meir Wetzler, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; Martin S. Tallman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Arnaud Pigneux, Hopital Haut-Leveque, Pessac, France; Robert K. Stuart, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; David Rizzieri, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Bayard Powell, Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, NC; Harry P. Erba, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI; Lloyd Damon, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Jun-Ho Jang, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Krzysztof Warzocha, Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, Warsaw, Poland; Támas Masszi, Szent Istvan and Szent Laszlo Corporate Hospital, Budapest; Miklos Egyed, Kaposi Mor County Teaching Hospital, Kasposvar, Hungary; Mikkael A. Sekeres, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH; Heinz-August Horst, Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Dominik Selleslag, Algemeen Ziekenhuis Sint-Jan, Brugge, Belgium; Scott R. Solomon, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program and Northside Hospital, Atlanta, GA; and Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
Emanuele
E
Mazzola
Richard M. Stone, Emanuele Mazzola, and Donna Neuberg, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Ante S. Lundberg, Antisoma, Cambridge, MA; Steven L. Allen, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Lake Success; Meir Wetzler, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; Martin S. Tallman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Arnaud Pigneux, Hopital Haut-Leveque, Pessac, France; Robert K. Stuart, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; David Rizzieri, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Bayard Powell, Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, NC; Harry P. Erba, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI; Lloyd Damon, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Jun-Ho Jang, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Krzysztof Warzocha, Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, Warsaw, Poland; Támas Masszi, Szent Istvan and Szent Laszlo Corporate Hospital, Budapest; Miklos Egyed, Kaposi Mor County Teaching Hospital, Kasposvar, Hungary; Mikkael A. Sekeres, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH; Heinz-August Horst, Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Dominik Selleslag, Algemeen Ziekenhuis Sint-Jan, Brugge, Belgium; Scott R. Solomon, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program and Northside Hospital, Atlanta, GA; and Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
Donna
D
Neuberg
Richard M. Stone, Emanuele Mazzola, and Donna Neuberg, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Ante S. Lundberg, Antisoma, Cambridge, MA; Steven L. Allen, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Lake Success; Meir Wetzler, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; Martin S. Tallman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Arnaud Pigneux, Hopital Haut-Leveque, Pessac, France; Robert K. Stuart, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; David Rizzieri, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Bayard Powell, Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, NC; Harry P. Erba, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI; Lloyd Damon, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Jun-Ho Jang, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Krzysztof Warzocha, Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, Warsaw, Poland; Támas Masszi, Szent Istvan and Szent Laszlo Corporate Hospital, Budapest; Miklos Egyed, Kaposi Mor County Teaching Hospital, Kasposvar, Hungary; Mikkael A. Sekeres, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH; Heinz-August Horst, Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Dominik Selleslag, Algemeen Ziekenhuis Sint-Jan, Brugge, Belgium; Scott R. Solomon, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program and Northside Hospital, Atlanta, GA; and Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
Steven L
SL
Allen
Richard M. Stone, Emanuele Mazzola, and Donna Neuberg, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Ante S. Lundberg, Antisoma, Cambridge, MA; Steven L. Allen, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Lake Success; Meir Wetzler, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; Martin S. Tallman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Arnaud Pigneux, Hopital Haut-Leveque, Pessac, France; Robert K. Stuart, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; David Rizzieri, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Bayard Powell, Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, NC; Harry P. Erba, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI; Lloyd Damon, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Jun-Ho Jang, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Krzysztof Warzocha, Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, Warsaw, Poland; Támas Masszi, Szent Istvan and Szent Laszlo Corporate Hospital, Budapest; Miklos Egyed, Kaposi Mor County Teaching Hospital, Kasposvar, Hungary; Mikkael A. Sekeres, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH; Heinz-August Horst, Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Dominik Selleslag, Algemeen Ziekenhuis Sint-Jan, Brugge, Belgium; Scott R. Solomon, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program and Northside Hospital, Atlanta, GA; and Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
Arnaud
A
Pigneux
Richard M. Stone, Emanuele Mazzola, and Donna Neuberg, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Ante S. Lundberg, Antisoma, Cambridge, MA; Steven L. Allen, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Lake Success; Meir Wetzler, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; Martin S. Tallman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Arnaud Pigneux, Hopital Haut-Leveque, Pessac, France; Robert K. Stuart, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; David Rizzieri, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Bayard Powell, Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, NC; Harry P. Erba, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI; Lloyd Damon, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Jun-Ho Jang, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Krzysztof Warzocha, Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, Warsaw, Poland; Támas Masszi, Szent Istvan and Szent Laszlo Corporate Hospital, Budapest; Miklos Egyed, Kaposi Mor County Teaching Hospital, Kasposvar, Hungary; Mikkael A. Sekeres, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH; Heinz-August Horst, Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Dominik Selleslag, Algemeen Ziekenhuis Sint-Jan, Brugge, Belgium; Scott R. Solomon, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program and Northside Hospital, Atlanta, GA; and Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
Robert K
RK
Stuart
Richard M. Stone, Emanuele Mazzola, and Donna Neuberg, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Ante S. Lundberg, Antisoma, Cambridge, MA; Steven L. Allen, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Lake Success; Meir Wetzler, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; Martin S. Tallman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Arnaud Pigneux, Hopital Haut-Leveque, Pessac, France; Robert K. Stuart, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; David Rizzieri, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Bayard Powell, Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, NC; Harry P. Erba, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI; Lloyd Damon, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Jun-Ho Jang, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Krzysztof Warzocha, Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, Warsaw, Poland; Támas Masszi, Szent Istvan and Szent Laszlo Corporate Hospital, Budapest; Miklos Egyed, Kaposi Mor County Teaching Hospital, Kasposvar, Hungary; Mikkael A. Sekeres, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH; Heinz-August Horst, Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Dominik Selleslag, Algemeen Ziekenhuis Sint-Jan, Brugge, Belgium; Scott R. Solomon, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program and Northside Hospital, Atlanta, GA; and Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
Meir
M
Wetzler
Richard M. Stone, Emanuele Mazzola, and Donna Neuberg, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Ante S. Lundberg, Antisoma, Cambridge, MA; Steven L. Allen, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Lake Success; Meir Wetzler, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; Martin S. Tallman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Arnaud Pigneux, Hopital Haut-Leveque, Pessac, France; Robert K. Stuart, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; David Rizzieri, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Bayard Powell, Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, NC; Harry P. Erba, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI; Lloyd Damon, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Jun-Ho Jang, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Krzysztof Warzocha, Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, Warsaw, Poland; Támas Masszi, Szent Istvan and Szent Laszlo Corporate Hospital, Budapest; Miklos Egyed, Kaposi Mor County Teaching Hospital, Kasposvar, Hungary; Mikkael A. Sekeres, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH; Heinz-August Horst, Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Dominik Selleslag, Algemeen Ziekenhuis Sint-Jan, Brugge, Belgium; Scott R. Solomon, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program and Northside Hospital, Atlanta, GA; and Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
David
D
Rizzieri
Richard M. Stone, Emanuele Mazzola, and Donna Neuberg, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Ante S. Lundberg, Antisoma, Cambridge, MA; Steven L. Allen, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Lake Success; Meir Wetzler, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; Martin S. Tallman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Arnaud Pigneux, Hopital Haut-Leveque, Pessac, France; Robert K. Stuart, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; David Rizzieri, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Bayard Powell, Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, NC; Harry P. Erba, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI; Lloyd Damon, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Jun-Ho Jang, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Krzysztof Warzocha, Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, Warsaw, Poland; Támas Masszi, Szent Istvan and Szent Laszlo Corporate Hospital, Budapest; Miklos Egyed, Kaposi Mor County Teaching Hospital, Kasposvar, Hungary; Mikkael A. Sekeres, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH; Heinz-August Horst, Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Dominik Selleslag, Algemeen Ziekenhuis Sint-Jan, Brugge, Belgium; Scott R. Solomon, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program and Northside Hospital, Atlanta, GA; and Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
Harry P
HP
Erba
Richard M. Stone, Emanuele Mazzola, and Donna Neuberg, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Ante S. Lundberg, Antisoma, Cambridge, MA; Steven L. Allen, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Lake Success; Meir Wetzler, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; Martin S. Tallman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Arnaud Pigneux, Hopital Haut-Leveque, Pessac, France; Robert K. Stuart, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; David Rizzieri, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Bayard Powell, Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, NC; Harry P. Erba, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI; Lloyd Damon, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Jun-Ho Jang, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Krzysztof Warzocha, Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, Warsaw, Poland; Támas Masszi, Szent Istvan and Szent Laszlo Corporate Hospital, Budapest; Miklos Egyed, Kaposi Mor County Teaching Hospital, Kasposvar, Hungary; Mikkael A. Sekeres, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH; Heinz-August Horst, Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Dominik Selleslag, Algemeen Ziekenhuis Sint-Jan, Brugge, Belgium; Scott R. Solomon, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program and Northside Hospital, Atlanta, GA; and Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
Lloyd
L
Damon
Richard M. Stone, Emanuele Mazzola, and Donna Neuberg, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Ante S. Lundberg, Antisoma, Cambridge, MA; Steven L. Allen, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Lake Success; Meir Wetzler, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; Martin S. Tallman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Arnaud Pigneux, Hopital Haut-Leveque, Pessac, France; Robert K. Stuart, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; David Rizzieri, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Bayard Powell, Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, NC; Harry P. Erba, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI; Lloyd Damon, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Jun-Ho Jang, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Krzysztof Warzocha, Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, Warsaw, Poland; Támas Masszi, Szent Istvan and Szent Laszlo Corporate Hospital, Budapest; Miklos Egyed, Kaposi Mor County Teaching Hospital, Kasposvar, Hungary; Mikkael A. Sekeres, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH; Heinz-August Horst, Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Dominik Selleslag, Algemeen Ziekenhuis Sint-Jan, Brugge, Belgium; Scott R. Solomon, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program and Northside Hospital, Atlanta, GA; and Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
Jun-Ho
JH
Jang
Richard M. Stone, Emanuele Mazzola, and Donna Neuberg, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Ante S. Lundberg, Antisoma, Cambridge, MA; Steven L. Allen, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Lake Success; Meir Wetzler, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; Martin S. Tallman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Arnaud Pigneux, Hopital Haut-Leveque, Pessac, France; Robert K. Stuart, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; David Rizzieri, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Bayard Powell, Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, NC; Harry P. Erba, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI; Lloyd Damon, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Jun-Ho Jang, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Krzysztof Warzocha, Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, Warsaw, Poland; Támas Masszi, Szent Istvan and Szent Laszlo Corporate Hospital, Budapest; Miklos Egyed, Kaposi Mor County Teaching Hospital, Kasposvar, Hungary; Mikkael A. Sekeres, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH; Heinz-August Horst, Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Dominik Selleslag, Algemeen Ziekenhuis Sint-Jan, Brugge, Belgium; Scott R. Solomon, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program and Northside Hospital, Atlanta, GA; and Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
Martin S
MS
Tallman
Richard M. Stone, Emanuele Mazzola, and Donna Neuberg, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Ante S. Lundberg, Antisoma, Cambridge, MA; Steven L. Allen, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Lake Success; Meir Wetzler, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; Martin S. Tallman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Arnaud Pigneux, Hopital Haut-Leveque, Pessac, France; Robert K. Stuart, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; David Rizzieri, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Bayard Powell, Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, NC; Harry P. Erba, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI; Lloyd Damon, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Jun-Ho Jang, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Krzysztof Warzocha, Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, Warsaw, Poland; Támas Masszi, Szent Istvan and Szent Laszlo Corporate Hospital, Budapest; Miklos Egyed, Kaposi Mor County Teaching Hospital, Kasposvar, Hungary; Mikkael A. Sekeres, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH; Heinz-August Horst, Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Dominik Selleslag, Algemeen Ziekenhuis Sint-Jan, Brugge, Belgium; Scott R. Solomon, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program and Northside Hospital, Atlanta, GA; and Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
Krzysztof
K
Warzocha
Richard M. Stone, Emanuele Mazzola, and Donna Neuberg, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Ante S. Lundberg, Antisoma, Cambridge, MA; Steven L. Allen, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Lake Success; Meir Wetzler, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; Martin S. Tallman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Arnaud Pigneux, Hopital Haut-Leveque, Pessac, France; Robert K. Stuart, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; David Rizzieri, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Bayard Powell, Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, NC; Harry P. Erba, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI; Lloyd Damon, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Jun-Ho Jang, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Krzysztof Warzocha, Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, Warsaw, Poland; Támas Masszi, Szent Istvan and Szent Laszlo Corporate Hospital, Budapest; Miklos Egyed, Kaposi Mor County Teaching Hospital, Kasposvar, Hungary; Mikkael A. Sekeres, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH; Heinz-August Horst, Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Dominik Selleslag, Algemeen Ziekenhuis Sint-Jan, Brugge, Belgium; Scott R. Solomon, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program and Northside Hospital, Atlanta, GA; and Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
Tamás
T
Masszi
Richard M. Stone, Emanuele Mazzola, and Donna Neuberg, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Ante S. Lundberg, Antisoma, Cambridge, MA; Steven L. Allen, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Lake Success; Meir Wetzler, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; Martin S. Tallman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Arnaud Pigneux, Hopital Haut-Leveque, Pessac, France; Robert K. Stuart, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; David Rizzieri, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Bayard Powell, Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, NC; Harry P. Erba, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI; Lloyd Damon, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Jun-Ho Jang, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Krzysztof Warzocha, Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, Warsaw, Poland; Támas Masszi, Szent Istvan and Szent Laszlo Corporate Hospital, Budapest; Miklos Egyed, Kaposi Mor County Teaching Hospital, Kasposvar, Hungary; Mikkael A. Sekeres, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH; Heinz-August Horst, Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Dominik Selleslag, Algemeen Ziekenhuis Sint-Jan, Brugge, Belgium; Scott R. Solomon, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program and Northside Hospital, Atlanta, GA; and Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
Mikkael A
MA
Sekeres
Richard M. Stone, Emanuele Mazzola, and Donna Neuberg, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Ante S. Lundberg, Antisoma, Cambridge, MA; Steven L. Allen, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Lake Success; Meir Wetzler, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; Martin S. Tallman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Arnaud Pigneux, Hopital Haut-Leveque, Pessac, France; Robert K. Stuart, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; David Rizzieri, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Bayard Powell, Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, NC; Harry P. Erba, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI; Lloyd Damon, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Jun-Ho Jang, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Krzysztof Warzocha, Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, Warsaw, Poland; Támas Masszi, Szent Istvan and Szent Laszlo Corporate Hospital, Budapest; Miklos Egyed, Kaposi Mor County Teaching Hospital, Kasposvar, Hungary; Mikkael A. Sekeres, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH; Heinz-August Horst, Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Dominik Selleslag, Algemeen Ziekenhuis Sint-Jan, Brugge, Belgium; Scott R. Solomon, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program and Northside Hospital, Atlanta, GA; and Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
Miklos
M
Egyed
Richard M. Stone, Emanuele Mazzola, and Donna Neuberg, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Ante S. Lundberg, Antisoma, Cambridge, MA; Steven L. Allen, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Lake Success; Meir Wetzler, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; Martin S. Tallman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Arnaud Pigneux, Hopital Haut-Leveque, Pessac, France; Robert K. Stuart, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; David Rizzieri, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Bayard Powell, Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, NC; Harry P. Erba, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI; Lloyd Damon, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Jun-Ho Jang, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Krzysztof Warzocha, Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, Warsaw, Poland; Támas Masszi, Szent Istvan and Szent Laszlo Corporate Hospital, Budapest; Miklos Egyed, Kaposi Mor County Teaching Hospital, Kasposvar, Hungary; Mikkael A. Sekeres, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH; Heinz-August Horst, Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Dominik Selleslag, Algemeen Ziekenhuis Sint-Jan, Brugge, Belgium; Scott R. Solomon, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program and Northside Hospital, Atlanta, GA; and Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
Heinz-August
HA
Horst
Richard M. Stone, Emanuele Mazzola, and Donna Neuberg, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Ante S. Lundberg, Antisoma, Cambridge, MA; Steven L. Allen, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Lake Success; Meir Wetzler, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; Martin S. Tallman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Arnaud Pigneux, Hopital Haut-Leveque, Pessac, France; Robert K. Stuart, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; David Rizzieri, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Bayard Powell, Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, NC; Harry P. Erba, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI; Lloyd Damon, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Jun-Ho Jang, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Krzysztof Warzocha, Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, Warsaw, Poland; Támas Masszi, Szent Istvan and Szent Laszlo Corporate Hospital, Budapest; Miklos Egyed, Kaposi Mor County Teaching Hospital, Kasposvar, Hungary; Mikkael A. Sekeres, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH; Heinz-August Horst, Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Dominik Selleslag, Algemeen Ziekenhuis Sint-Jan, Brugge, Belgium; Scott R. Solomon, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program and Northside Hospital, Atlanta, GA; and Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
Dominik
D
Selleslag
Richard M. Stone, Emanuele Mazzola, and Donna Neuberg, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Ante S. Lundberg, Antisoma, Cambridge, MA; Steven L. Allen, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Lake Success; Meir Wetzler, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; Martin S. Tallman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Arnaud Pigneux, Hopital Haut-Leveque, Pessac, France; Robert K. Stuart, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; David Rizzieri, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Bayard Powell, Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, NC; Harry P. Erba, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI; Lloyd Damon, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Jun-Ho Jang, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Krzysztof Warzocha, Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, Warsaw, Poland; Támas Masszi, Szent Istvan and Szent Laszlo Corporate Hospital, Budapest; Miklos Egyed, Kaposi Mor County Teaching Hospital, Kasposvar, Hungary; Mikkael A. Sekeres, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH; Heinz-August Horst, Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Dominik Selleslag, Algemeen Ziekenhuis Sint-Jan, Brugge, Belgium; Scott R. Solomon, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program and Northside Hospital, Atlanta, GA; and Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
Scott R
SR
Solomon
Richard M. Stone, Emanuele Mazzola, and Donna Neuberg, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Ante S. Lundberg, Antisoma, Cambridge, MA; Steven L. Allen, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Lake Success; Meir Wetzler, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; Martin S. Tallman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Arnaud Pigneux, Hopital Haut-Leveque, Pessac, France; Robert K. Stuart, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; David Rizzieri, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Bayard Powell, Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, NC; Harry P. Erba, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI; Lloyd Damon, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Jun-Ho Jang, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Krzysztof Warzocha, Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, Warsaw, Poland; Támas Masszi, Szent Istvan and Szent Laszlo Corporate Hospital, Budapest; Miklos Egyed, Kaposi Mor County Teaching Hospital, Kasposvar, Hungary; Mikkael A. Sekeres, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH; Heinz-August Horst, Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Dominik Selleslag, Algemeen Ziekenhuis Sint-Jan, Brugge, Belgium; Scott R. Solomon, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program and Northside Hospital, Atlanta, GA; and Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
Parameswaran
P
Venugopal
Richard M. Stone, Emanuele Mazzola, and Donna Neuberg, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Ante S. Lundberg, Antisoma, Cambridge, MA; Steven L. Allen, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Lake Success; Meir Wetzler, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; Martin S. Tallman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Arnaud Pigneux, Hopital Haut-Leveque, Pessac, France; Robert K. Stuart, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; David Rizzieri, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Bayard Powell, Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, NC; Harry P. Erba, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI; Lloyd Damon, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Jun-Ho Jang, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Krzysztof Warzocha, Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, Warsaw, Poland; Támas Masszi, Szent Istvan and Szent Laszlo Corporate Hospital, Budapest; Miklos Egyed, Kaposi Mor County Teaching Hospital, Kasposvar, Hungary; Mikkael A. Sekeres, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH; Heinz-August Horst, Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Dominik Selleslag, Algemeen Ziekenhuis Sint-Jan, Brugge, Belgium; Scott R. Solomon, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program and Northside Hospital, Atlanta, GA; and Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
Ante S
AS
Lundberg
Richard M. Stone, Emanuele Mazzola, and Donna Neuberg, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Ante S. Lundberg, Antisoma, Cambridge, MA; Steven L. Allen, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Lake Success; Meir Wetzler, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; Martin S. Tallman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Arnaud Pigneux, Hopital Haut-Leveque, Pessac, France; Robert K. Stuart, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; David Rizzieri, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Bayard Powell, Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, NC; Harry P. Erba, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI; Lloyd Damon, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Jun-Ho Jang, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Krzysztof Warzocha, Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, Warsaw, Poland; Támas Masszi, Szent Istvan and Szent Laszlo Corporate Hospital, Budapest; Miklos Egyed, Kaposi Mor County Teaching Hospital, Kasposvar, Hungary; Mikkael A. Sekeres, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH; Heinz-August Horst, Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Dominik Selleslag, Algemeen Ziekenhuis Sint-Jan, Brugge, Belgium; Scott R. Solomon, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program and Northside Hospital, Atlanta, GA; and Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
Bayard
B
Powell
D000225:Adenine; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003630:Daunorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D060828:Induction Chemotherapy; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053644:Naphthalimides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D063065:Organophosphonates; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012074:Remission Induction; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
D053644:Naphthalimides; D063065:Organophosphonates; D003561:Cytarabine; C037020:amonafide; D000225:Adenine; D003630:Daunorubicin