Augmentation of Treatment As Usual with online Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretation training in adolescents with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A pilot study.
OBJECTIVE
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for children and adolescents with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is effective. However, since almost half of patients remain symptomatic after treatment, there remains room for improvement. Cognitive Bias Modification training of Interpretations (CBM-I) is a promising new intervention, as it targets misinterpretation of intrusions, which is seen as an important characteristic in OCD. To date, there have been no published studies of CBM-I in adolescents with OCD. The aim of the current pilot study was to examine the added value of online CBM-I training as an adjunctive treatment to the Treatment As Usual (TAU; that included CBT and pharmacotherapy) in adolescents with OCD.


METHODS
Patients receiving TAU were randomly assigned to either an additional CBM-I training (n = 9), or to an additional placebo variant of this procedure (n = 7).


RESULTS
Immediate, on-line interpretations changed in response to the CBM-I training, while no such effects were observed on slower retrospective off-line interpretations. Patients in the CBM-I training condition reported fewer obsessive compulsive symptoms after training, and clinicians rated them as having fewer obsessive symptoms (corresponding to medium-large effect sizes). No such changes were observed in the placebo group.


CONCLUSIONS
The small sample size precludes strong conclusions and replication is necessary to test the robustness of the findings.


CONCLUSIONS
This small randomized controlled trial is suggestive, although not conclusive, regarding the promising additive value of OC-related CBM-I training as an adjunctive intervention to TAU in an adolescent clinical population.
Addiction, Development and Psychopathology Lab (Adapt Lab), Department of Developmental Psychology, Research Priority Areas 'Yield', and 'Amsterdam Brain and Cognition', University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Obsessive Compulsive-, Anxiety- and Tic Disorders, Academic Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, de Bascule, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: E.Salemink@uva.nl.
Elske
E
Salemink
Department of Obsessive Compulsive-, Anxiety- and Tic Disorders, Academic Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, de Bascule, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Academic Medical Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Lidewij
L
Wolters
Department of Obsessive Compulsive-, Anxiety- and Tic Disorders, Academic Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, de Bascule, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Else
E
de Haan
D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015982:Bias; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D030141:Feedback, Psychological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D009862:Online Systems; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D021641:Recognition, Psychology; D057566:Self Report; D016896:Treatment Outcome
Adolescents; Cognitive Bias Modification; Interpretive bias; Obsessive Compulsive Disorder