Piperine inhibit inflammation, alveolar bone loss and collagen fibers breakdown in a rat periodontitis model.
OBJECTIVE
Piperine exhibits anti-inflammatory activity, and has a long history of medicinal use. The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects of piperine on inflammation, alveolar bone and collagen fibers in experimental periodontitis. We evaluated the related expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 and MMP-13 to enhance insight into these effects.


METHODS
Thirty-two Wistar rats were divided into four groups of eight animals each: control group, periodontitis group, periodontitis plus 50 mg/kg piperine group and periodontitis plus 100 mg/kg piperine group. Histopathologic changes were detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Alveolar bone loss and trabecula microstructures were evaluated by micro-computed tomography. Changes in collagen fibers were assessed by picrosirius red staining. Western blot analysis was conducted to determine the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-8 and MMP-13.


RESULTS
Piperine clearly inhibited alveolar bone loss and reformed trabecula microstructures in a dose-dependent manner. Histological staining showed that piperine significantly reduced the infiltration of inflammation in soft tissues. Both doses of piperine limited the fractions of degraded areas in collagen fibers. Piperine (100 mg/kg) significantly downregulated the expressions of IL-1β, MMP-8 and MMP-13 in periodontitis, but not that of TNF-α.


CONCLUSIONS
Piperine displays significantly protective effects on inflammation, alveolar bone loss, bone microstructures and collagen fiber degradation in experimental periodontitis. The effects may be ascribed to its inhibitory activity on the expressions of IL-1β, MMP-8 and MMP-13.
The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.|Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Y
Y
Dong
The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.|Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Z
Huihui
The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.|Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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C
Li
D000470:Alkaloids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D052117:Benzodioxoles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism*; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D007249:Inflammation / Q000517:prevention & control*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 / Q000032:analysis; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 / Q000032:analysis; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D059748:Proteolysis; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
D000470:Alkaloids; D052117:Benzodioxoles; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D010880:Piperidines; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D003094:Collagen; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8; C008922:piperine
interleukin-β; matrix metalloproteinase; periodontitis; piperine; tumor necrosis factor-α