Impacts of dietary fat changes on pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled study.
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to determine the impact of increasing polyunsaturated fatty acid intake on blood glucose, lipid metabolism, and pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus.


METHODS
Under constant total energy and protein intake, 84 pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus were randomly divided into the experimental and control groups, which were given oil-rich and conventional low-oil meals, respectively.


RESULTS
After the dietary intervention, the intake and energy supply of fat and the three fatty acids were significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group (p<0.001). The intake and energy supply of polyunsaturated fatty acids increased significantly post-intervention in the experimental group but did not change in the control group. In both the intervention and the control group, fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial plasma glucose, and the insulin resistance index decreased significantly post-intervention (p<0.05); the lipid changes were consistent between groups. Pregnancy outcomes did not differ significantly between the two groups (p>0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
An appropriate increase in polyunsaturated fatty acid intake benefits pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus as well as fetuses, as long as the diet therapy follows basic recommendations and total energy intake is strictly controlled.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changzhou Woman and Children Health-Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No. 16 Boai Road Tianning District, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu, China. Email: huiyanwangcn@126.com.
Huiyan
H
Wang
Department of Nutrition, Changzhou Woman and Children Health-Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China.
Hongyi
H
Jiang
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changzhou Woman and Children Health-Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China.
Liping
L
Yang
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changzhou Woman and Children Health-Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China.
Ming
M
Zhang
D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000178:diet therapy*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome
D001786:Blood Glucose; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated