Quality of healthcare services provided in disaster shelters: An integrative literature review.
BACKGROUND
Globally, shelters are a resource to promote critical health and safety in disasters, particularly for vulnerable populations (e.g., children, elderly, chronically ill). This study examines the nature and quality of healthcare services rendered in disaster and emergency shelters.


OBJECTIVE
To determine based upon systematic and accurate measurement the scope and quality of health care services rendered in disaster shelters and to describe the health outcomes experienced by shelter residents.


METHODS
An integrative review of English-language literature pertaining to the assessment, evaluation, and systematic measurement of healthcare quality and client outcomes in disaster and emergency shelters was undertaken. Articles were identified using a structured search strategy of six databases and indexing services (PubMed, CINAHL, EMBase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar).


RESULTS
Limited literature exists pertaining specifically to metrics for quality of health care in acute disaster and emergency shelters, and the literature that does exist is predominately U.S. based. Analysis of the existing evidence suggests that nurse staffing levels and staff preparedness, access to medications/medication management, infection control, referrals, communication, and mental health may be important concepts related to quality of disaster health care services.


CONCLUSIONS
A small number of population-based and smaller, ad hoc outcomes-based evaluation efforts exist; however the existing literature regarding systematic outcomes-based quality assessment of disaster sheltering healthcare services is notably sparse.
Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Refugee and Disaster Response, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Electronic address: tveenema@gmail.com.
Tener Goodwin
TG
Veenema
Information Technology, Tener Consulting Group, LLC, Rochester, NY, USA.
Adam B
AB
Rains
Disaster Health Services Lead, American Red Cross, Washington, DC, USA.
Mary
M
Casey-Lockyer
American Red Cross, Washington, DC, USA.
Janice
J
Springer
Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Mary
M
Kowal
D004189:Disaster Planning; D004190:Disasters; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000592:standards*; D006775:Hospitals, Packaged / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D011787:Quality of Health Care
Disasters; Emergency shelter; Healthcare services; Quality