Deep TMS on alcoholics: effects on cortisolemia and dopamine pathway modulation. A pilot study.
The hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis and dopamine have a key role in transition from alcohol social use to addiction. The medial prefrontal cortex was shown to modulate dopaminergic activity and cortisol releasing factor (CRF) release in hypothalamic and extra-hypothalamic systems. The recent advancements in non-invasive neurostimulation technologies has enabled stimulation of deeper brain regions using H-coil transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in humans. This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study aims to evaluate H-coil efficacy in stimulating the medial prefrontal cortex. Cortisolemia and prolactinemia were evaluated as effectiveness markers. Alcohol intake and craving were considered as secondary outcomes. Eighteen alcoholics were recruited and randomized into 2 homogeneous groups: 9 in the real stimulation group and 9 in the sham stimulation group. Repetitive TMS (rTMS) was administered through a magnetic stimulator over 10 sessions at 20 Hz, directed to the medial prefrontal cortex. rTMS significantly reduced blood cortisol levels and decreased prolactinemia, thus suggesting dopamine increase. Craving visual analogic scale (VAS) in treated patients decreased, as well as mean number of alcoholic drinks/day and drinks on days of maximum alcohol intake (DMAI). In the sham group there was no significant effect observed on cortisolemia, prolactinemia, mean number of alcoholic drinks/day, or drinks/DMAI. Thus, deep rTMS could be considered a potential new treatment for alcoholism.
Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Marco
M
Ceccanti
Maurizio
M
Inghilleri
Maria Luisa
ML
Attilia
Ruggero
R
Raccah
Marco
M
Fiore
Abraham
A
Zangen
Mauro
M
Ceccanti
D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000517:prevention & control; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D063425:Binge Drinking / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D059290:Dopaminergic Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D006966:Hyperprolactinemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D010352:Patient Dropouts; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects
D015415:Biomarkers; D011388:Prolactin; D006854:Hydrocortisone
alcohol; alcool; cortex préfrontal; cortisol; prefrontal cortex; prolactin; prolactine; stimulation magnétique trans-crânienne; transcranic magnetic stimulation