Monitoring of Legionella pneumophila viability after chlorine dioxide treatment using flow cytometry.
The viability of three Legionella pneumophila strains was monitored after chlorine dioxide (ClO2) treatment using a flow cytometric assay. Suspensions of L. pneumophila cells were submitted to increasing concentrations of ClO2. Culturable cells were still detected when using 4 mg/L, but could no longer be detected after exposure to 6 mg/L of ClO2, although viable but not culturable (VBNC) cells were found after exposure to 4-5 mg/L of ClO2. When testing whether these VBNC were infective, two of the strains were resuscitated after co-culture with Acanthamoeba polyphaga, but neither of them could infect macrophage-like cells.
Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP) EA3064, SFR143, 15 Rue Ambroise Paré, University of Lyon, 42023 Saint Etienne Cedex 02, France. Electronic address: Pascale.mustapha@univ-st-etienne.fr.
Pascale
P
Mustapha
Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP) EA3064, SFR143, 15 Rue Ambroise Paré, University of Lyon, 42023 Saint Etienne Cedex 02, France. Electronic address: Thibaut.epalle@univ-st-etienne.fr.
Thibaut
T
Epalle
Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP) EA3064, SFR143, 15 Rue Ambroise Paré, University of Lyon, 42023 Saint Etienne Cedex 02, France. Electronic address: Severine.allegra@univ-st-etienne.fr.
Séverine
S
Allegra
Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP) EA3064, SFR143, 15 Rue Ambroise Paré, University of Lyon, 42023 Saint Etienne Cedex 02, France. Electronic address: Francoise.girardot@univ-st-etienne.fr.
Françoise
F
Girardot
Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP) EA3064, SFR143, 15 Rue Ambroise Paré, University of Lyon, 42023 Saint Etienne Cedex 02, France. Electronic address: Olivier.garraud@univ-st-etienne.fr.
Olivier
O
Garraud
Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP) EA3064, SFR143, 15 Rue Ambroise Paré, University of Lyon, 42023 Saint Etienne Cedex 02, France. Electronic address: Serge.riffard@univ-st-etienne.fr.
Serge
S
Riffard
D000048:Acanthamoeba / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D017606:Chlorine Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D016952:Legionella pneumophila / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D050296:Microbial Viability; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*
D017606:Chlorine Compounds; D004202:Disinfectants; D010087:Oxides; C025109:chlorine dioxide
Chlorine dioxide; Flow cytometry; Legionella; VBNC