To translate, or not to translate: viral and host mRNA regulation by interferon-stimulated genes.
Type I interferon (IFN) is one of the first lines of cellular defense against viral pathogens. As a result of IFN signaling, a wide array of IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) products is upregulated to target different stages of the viral life cycle. We review recent findings implicating a subset of ISGs in translational regulation of viral and host mRNAs. Translation inhibition is mediated either by binding to viral RNA or by disrupting physiological interactions or levels of the translation complex components. In addition, many of these ISGs localize to translationally silent cytoplasmic granules, such as stress granules and processing bodies, and intersect with the microRNA (miRNA)-mediated silencing pathway to regulate translation of cellular mRNAs.
Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: mli@rockefeller.edu.
Melody M H
MM
Li
Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
Margaret R
MR
MacDonald
Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
Charles M
CM
Rice
D000818:Animals; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007372:Interferons / Q000378:metabolism*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics*
D035683:MicroRNAs; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D007372:Interferons
microRNA function; microRNA processing; translational regulation