Using coronary artery calcification combined with pretest clinical risk assessment as a means of determining investigation and treatment in patients presenting with chest pain in a rural setting.
462 patients presenting with chest pain to a rural district general hospital underwent calcium scoring and pretest clinical risk assessment in order to stratify subsequent investigations and treatment was retrospectively reviewed. The patients were followed up for two years and further investigations and outcomes recorded. Of the 206 patients with zero calcium score, 132 patients were immediately discharged from cardiac follow-up with no further investigation on the basis of their calcium score, low pretest risk of coronary artery disease, and no significant incidental findings. After further tests, 267 patients were discharged with no further cardiac therapy, 88 patients were discharged with additional medical therapy, and 19 patients underwent coronary artery by-pass grafting or percutaneous intervention. 164 patients with incidental findings on the chest CT (computed tomography) accompanying calcium scoring were reviewed, of which 88 patients underwent further tests and follow-up for noncardiac causes of chest pain. The correlations between all major risk factors and calcium scores were weak except for a combination of diabetes and hypertension in the male gender (P = 0.012), The use of calcium scoring and pretest risk appeared to reduce the number of unnecessary cardiac investigations in our patients: however, the calcium scoring test produced a high number of incidental findings on the associated CT scans.
Department of Cardiology, Ysbyty Gwynedd, Bangor LL57 2PW, UK.
Baskar
B
Sekar
Department of Cardiology, Ysbyty Gwynedd, Bangor LL57 2PW, UK.
Mark
0000-0002-5451-3552
M
Payne
Department of Cardiology, Ysbyty Gwynedd, Bangor LL57 2PW, UK ; School of Medical Sciences, Bangor University, Brigantia Building, Penrallt Road, Bangor LL57 2DG, UK.
Azad
A
Hanna
Department of Cardiology, Ysbyty Gwynedd, Bangor LL57 2PW, UK.
Abdul
A
Azzu
Department of Radiology, Ysbyty Gwynedd, Bangor LL57 2PW, UK.
Martin
0000-0001-5931-7000
M
Pike
Department of Cardiology, Ysbyty Gwynedd, Bangor LL57 2PW, UK ; School of Medical Sciences, Bangor University, Brigantia Building, Penrallt Road, Bangor LL57 2DG, UK.
Michael
M
Rees
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy