Regulation of the alkaloid biosynthesis by miRNA in opium poppy.
Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) is an important medicinal plant producing benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIA). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small RNAs (sRNAs) of approximately 21 nucleotides. They are noncoding, but regulate gene expression in eukaryotes. Although many studies have been conducted on the identification and functions of plant miRNA, scarce researches on miRNA regulation of alkaloid biosynthesis have been reported. In this study, a total of 316 conserved and 11 novel miRNAs were identified in opium poppy using second-generation sequencing and direct cloning. Tissue-specific regulation of miRNA expression was comparatively analysed by miRNA microarray assays. A total of 232 miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed among four tissues. Likewise, 1469 target transcripts were detected using in silico and experimental approaches. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses indicated that miRNA putatively regulates carbohydrate metabolism and genetic-information processing. Additionally, miRNA target transcripts were mostly involved in response to stress against various factors and secondary-metabolite biosynthesis processes. Target transcript identification analyses revealed that some of the miRNAs might be involved in BIA biosynthesis, such as pso-miR13, pso-miR2161 and pso-miR408. Additionally, three putatively mature miRNA sequences were predicted to be targeting BIA-biosynthesis genes.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Cankiri Karatekin University, Cankiri, Turkey.
Hatice
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Boke
Esma
E
Ozhuner
Mine
M
Turktas
Iskender
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Parmaksiz
Sebahattin
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Ozcan
Turgay
T
Unver
D044182:Benzylisoquinolines / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D063990:Gene Ontology; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010207:Papaver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA
D044182:Benzylisoquinolines; D035683:MicroRNAs
Papaver somniferum; alkaloid biosynthesis; deep sequencing; gene ontology; microRNA; microarray