Acetyl-L-carnitine in the treatment of peripheral neuropathic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
OBJECTIVE
Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC), a constructive molecule in fatty acid metabolism, is an agent potentially effective for treating peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP). Its effect, however, remains uncertain. We aimed to access the efficacy and safety of ALC for the treatment of patients with PNP.


METHODS
We searched MEDLINE (1996-2014), EMBase (1974-2014), and CENTRAL (May 2014) up to June 27, 2014 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing ALC with placebo or other active medications in diabetic and non-diabetic PNP patients that reported the change of pain using visual analogue scale (VAS). Mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used for pooling continuous data.


RESULTS
Four RCTs comparing ALC with placebo and reporting in three articles (n = 523) were included. Compared with placebo, ALC significantly reduced VAS scores of PNP patients (MD of VAS, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.68-1.72, P <0.00001). In the subgroup analysis, the effect of ALC on VAS was similar in different administration routes (intramuscular-oral sequential subgroup: MD, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.34-2.04, P = 0.006; oral only subgroup: pooled MD, 1.15; 95%CI, 0.33-1.96, P = 0.006), and ALC appeared more effective in diabetic PNP patients than non-diabetic PNP patients (diabetic subgroup: MD, 1.47; 95%CI, 1.06-1.87, P <0.00001; non-diabetic subgroup: MD, 0.71; 95% CI, -0.01-1.43, P = 0.05). No severe adverse events were reported related to ALC. The common adverse events were pain, headache, paraesthesia, hyperesthesia, retching, biliary colic, and gastrointestinal disorders. The rates of total adverse events were similar in ALC and control group.


CONCLUSIONS
The current evidence suggests that ALC has a moderate effect in reducing pain measured on VAS in PNP patients with acceptable safety. Larger trials with longer follow-up, however, are warranted to establish the effects.
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Sheyu
S
Li
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Qianrui
Q
Li
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Yun
Y
Li
Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Ling
L
Li
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Haoming
H
Tian
Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Xin
X
Sun
D000108:Acetylcarnitine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D009437:Neuralgia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000700:Analgesics; D000108:Acetylcarnitine