Monohydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons influence spicule formation in the early development of sea urchins (Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus).
We previously demonstrated that monohydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OHPAHs), which are metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), act on calcified tissue and suppress osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity in the scales of teleost fish. The compounds may possibly influence other calcified tissues. Thus, the present study noted the calcified spicules in sea urchins and examined the effect of both PAHs and OHPAHs on spicule formation during the embryogenesis of sea urchins. After fertilization, benz[a]anthracene (BaA) and 4-hydroxybenz[a]anthracene (4-OHBaA) were added to seawater at concentrations of 10(-8) and 10(-7) M and kept at 18 °C. The influence of the compound was given at the time of the pluteus larva. At this stage, the length of the spicule was significantly suppressed by 4-OHBaA (10(-8) and 10(-7) M). BaA (10(-7) M) decreased the length of the spicule significantly, while the length did not change with BaA (10(-8) M). The expression of mRNAs (spicule matrix protein and transcription factors) in the 4-OHBaA (10(-7) M)-treated embryos was more strongly inhibited than were those in the BaA (10(-7) M)-treated embryos. This is the first study to demonstrate that OHPAHs suppress spicule formation in sea urchins.
Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Housu-gun, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan. Electronic address: nobuos@staff.kanazaw-u.ac.jp.
Nobuo
N
Suzuki
Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Housu-gun, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan.
Shouzo
S
Ogiso
Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Housu-gun, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan.
Koji
K
Yachiguchi
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.
Kimi
K
Kawabe
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.
Fumiya
F
Makino
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.
Akira
A
Toriba
Marine and Coastal Research Center, Ochanomizu University, Tateyama, Chiba 294-0301, Japan.
Masato
M
Kiyomoto
Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Housu-gun, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan.
Toshio
T
Sekiguchi
Division of Molecular Genetics Research, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
Yoshiaki
Y
Tabuchi
Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
Takashi
T
Kondo
Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan.
Kei-ichiro
K
Kitamura
Research and Business Foundation, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, 81, Oedae-ro, Mohyeon-myeon, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 449-791, Republic of Korea.
Chun-Sang
CS
Hong
Department of Zoology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273-009, India.
Ajai K
AK
Srivastav
Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
Yuji
Y
Oshima
Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical Dental University, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0827, Japan.
Atsuhiko
A
Hattori
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.
Kazuichi
K
Hayakawa
D000818:Animals; D001551:Benz(a)Anthracenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects*; D047330:Hemicentrotus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006900:Hydroxylation; D007564:Japan; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010140:Pacific Ocean; D050784:Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012863:Skeleton / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
C000604034:4-hydroxybenz(a)anthracene; D001551:Benz(a)Anthracenes; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D050784:Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C051691:SM50 protein, sea urchin; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C030935:benz(a)anthracene
Embryogenesis; OHPAHs; PAHs; Sea urchin; Spicule formation