Co-occurring Psychiatric Disorders in Preschool and Elementary School-Aged Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
We employed a clinical sample of young children with ASD, with and without intellectual disability, to determine the rate and type of psychiatric disorders and possible association with risk factors. We assessed 101 children (57 males, 44 females) aged 4.5-9.8 years. 90.5% of the sample met the criteria. Most common diagnoses were: generalized anxiety disorder (66.5%), specific phobias (52.7%) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (59.1%). Boys were more likely to have oppositional defiant disorder (OR 3.9). Higher IQ was associated with anxiety disorders (OR 2.9) and older age with agoraphobia (OR 5.8). Night terrors was associated with parental psychological distress (OR 14.2). Most young ASD children met the criteria for additional psychopathology.
Assessment, Liaison and Outreach Team, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Woodland House, Cranbrook Road, Staplehurst, Kent, TN12 0ER, UK.
Fernando
F
Salazar
Gillian
G
Baird
Susie
S
Chandler
Evelin
E
Tseng
Tony
T
O'sullivan
Patricia
P
Howlin
Andrew
A
Pickles
Emily
E
Simonoff
D000367:Age Factors; D000379:Agoraphobia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000067877:Autism Spectrum Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D011599:Psychopathology