Expression of non-neuronal cholinergic system in maxilla of rat in vivo.
BACKGROUND
Acetylcholine (ACh) is known to be a key neurotransmitter in the central and peripheral nervous systems, which is also produced in a variety of non-neuronal tissues and cell. The existence of ACh in maxilla in vivo and potential regulation role for osteogenesis need further study.


RESULTS
Components of the cholinergic system (ACh, esterase, choline acetyltransferase, high-affinity choline uptake, n- and mAChRs) were determined in maxilla of rat in vivo, by means of Real-Time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results showed RNA for CarAT, carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase member 20 (Slc25a20), VAChT, OCTN2, OCT1, OCT3, organic cation transporter member 4 (Slc22a4), AChE, BChE, nAChR subunits α1, α2, α3, α5, α7, α10, β1, β2, β4, γ and mAChR subunits M1, M2, M3, M4, M5 were detected in rat's maxilla. RNA of VAChT, AChE, nAChR subunits α2, β1, β4 and mAChR subunits M4 had abundant expression (2(-ΔCt) > 0.03). Immunohistochemical staining was conducted for ACh, VAChT, nAChRα7 and AChE. ACh was expressed in mesenchymal cells, chondroblast, bone and cartilage matrix and bone marrow cells, The VAChT expression was very extensively while ACh receptor α7 was strongly expressed in newly formed bone matrix of endochondral and bone marrow ossification, AchE was found only in mesenchymal stem cells, cartilage and bone marrow cells.


CONCLUSIONS
ACh might exert its effect on the endochondral and bone marrow ossification, and bone matrix mineralization in maxilla.
Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China. guojiedr@126.com.
Jie
J
Guo
College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China. wangluedr@163.com.
Lue
L
Wang
Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, No. 4 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, Dongcheng District, 100050, People's Republic of China. xuhaihuapro@126.com.
Haihua
H
Xu
Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, No. 4 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, Dongcheng District, 100050, People's Republic of China. xiaoxiache77@163.com.
Xiaoxia
X
Che
D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000502:physiology*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D001857:Bone Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D002333:Carnitine Acyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002356:Cartilage / Q000502:physiology*; D018678:Cholinergic Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D027701:Organic Cation Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000235:genetics; D050494:Vesicular Acetylcholine Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D018678:Cholinergic Agents; C470699:Chrna10 protein, rat; D027701:Organic Cation Transport Proteins; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D050494:Vesicular Acetylcholine Transport Proteins; D002333:Carnitine Acyltransferases; D000109:Acetylcholine