Posterior axilla sling traction for shoulder dystocia: case review and a new method of shoulder rotation with the sling.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to report on all cases in which posterior axilla sling traction (PAST) has been used to deliver cases of intractable shoulder dystocia and to describe a new method of shoulder rotation with the sling.


METHODS
A record of all published and known cases was collected that included information on preliminary obstetric techniques that were used and how the PAST technique was performed. Maternal outcomes that included maternal injury and length of hospital stay and fetal outcomes, which included birthweight, Apgar scores, nerve injuries, fractures, hospital stay, and outcome, were documented.


RESULTS
We have recorded 19 cases where PAST has been used. In 5 cases, the babies had died in utero. Ten were assisted deliveries. PAST was successful in 18 cases. In one case, it was partially successful because it enabled delivery of the posterior shoulder with digital axillary traction. The most commonly used material was suction tubing. Once the posterior shoulder was delivered, the shoulder dystocia was resolved in all cases. Time from insertion to delivery was <3 minutes when recorded. The birthweights of the infants varied from 3200-4800 g. Posterior arm humerus fractures occurred in 3 cases. There was one case of a permanent Erb's palsy and 4 cases of transient Erb's palsies. None were of the posterior arm. During this review, we found that, when direct delivery of the posterior shoulder was difficult because of very severe impaction, the sling could be used to rotate the shoulders easily through 180 degrees assisted by counter pressure on the back of the anterior shoulder. This new method was used in 5 cases and may reduce fetal trauma further during difficult shoulder delivery.


CONCLUSIONS
This review confirms that PAST can be a lifesaving technique when all another techniques for shoulder dystocia fail. Advantages are that it is easy to use (even by someone who has not seen it used previously), that the sling material is readily available, and that it is inserted quickly with 2 fingers. This is the first report of its use to rotate the posterior shoulder to the anterior position for delivery.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tygerberg Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa. Electronic address: cathycluver@hotmail.com.
Catherine Anne
CA
Cluver
Effective Care Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg; and Eastern Cape Department of Health, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
G Justus
GJ
Hofmeyr
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001365:Axilla; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004420:Dystocia / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D012399:Rotation; D012782:Shoulder; D014143:Traction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
delivery; posterior axilla sling traction; rotation; shoulder dystocia