Direct infusion MS-based lipid profiling reveals the pharmacological effects of compound K-reinforced ginsenosides in high-fat diet induced obese mice.
The serum lipid metabolites of lean and obese mice fed normal or high-fat diets were analyzed via direct infusion nanoelectrospray-ion trap mass spectrometry followed by multivariate analysis. In addition, lipidomic biomarkers responsible for the pharmacological effects of compound K-reinforced ginsenosides (CK), thus the CK fraction, were evaluated in mice fed high-fat diets. The obese and lean groups were clearly discriminated upon principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) score plot, and the major metabolites contributing to such discrimination were triglycerides (TGs), cholesteryl esters (CEs), phosphatidylcholines (PCs), and lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs). TGs with high total carbon number (>50) and low total carbon number (<50) were negatively and positively associated with high-fat diet induced obesity in mice, respectively. When the CK fraction was fed to obese mice that consumed a high-fat diet, the levels of certain lipids including LPCs and CEs became similar to those of mice fed a normal diet. Such metabolic markers can be used to better understand obesity and related diseases induced by a hyperlipidic diet. Furthermore, changes in the levels of such metabolites can be employed to assess the risk of obesity and the therapeutic effects of obesity management.
†College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.
Jong Cheol
JC
Shon
‡Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Korea Polytechnic University, Siheung 429-793, Korea.
Hwa-Soo
HS
Shin
#Food Research Center, CJ Jeiljedang, Seoul 152-051, Korea.
Yong Ki
YK
Seo
§Department of Biomedical Science and Clinical Trial Center, BK21 PLUS KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent, Kyungpook National University Graduate School and Hospital, Daegu 700-734, Korea.
Young-Ran
YR
Yoon
‡Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Korea Polytechnic University, Siheung 429-793, Korea.
Heungsop
H
Shin
†College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.
Kwang-Hyeon
KH
Liu
D000818:Animals; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008820:Mice, Obese; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*
D004041:Dietary Fats; D036145:Ginsenosides; D008055:Lipids; C112772:ginsenoside compound K
cholesteryl esters; compound K; direct infusion nanoelectrospray−ion trap mass spectrometry; lipidomics; lysophosphatidylcholines