Development of self-image and its components during a one-year follow-up in non-referred adolescents with excess and normal weight.
BACKGROUND
The proportion of overweight and obese youths is high. The present study aimed to investigate the development of self-image and its components during a one-year follow-up among non-referred adolescents with excess and normal weight. Furthermore, we separately analyzed the data for girls and boys.


METHODS
Altogether 86 8(th) grades (41 girls and 45 boys) with a relative weight of 26% or more above the median and 91 controls (43 girls and 48 boys) with normal weight participated the follow-up. The Offer Self-Image Questionnaire, Revised (OSIQ-R) was used to assess self-image at baseline and on follow-up. In the OSIQ-R, a low total raw score implies positive adjustment, while a high raw score implies poor adjustment and a negative self-image. The study design was doubly correlated (pairs and time), and a linear mixed model was used in the statistical analysis.


RESULTS
In OSIQ-R total scores, a comparative improvement was observed in girls with normal weight. Among these girls, significant change scores compared to zero were seen in impulse control, social functioning, vocational attitudes, self-confidence, self-reliance, body image, sexuality, and ethical values. In girls with excess weight, none of the change scores compared to zero were statistically significant. When the girls with normal and excess weight were compared, the difference in change scores was largest in sexuality and vocational attitudes. Change scores compared to zero were significant in sexuality and idealism for boys with excess weight, and in impulse control, mental health, self-reliance, and sexuality for normal weight boys. When the boys with excess and normal weight were compared, no statistically significant differences emerged in change scores.


CONCLUSIONS
In mid-adolescent girls, the influence of overweight and obesity on the development of self-image is substantial. Weight management programs directed at overweight adolescent girls should include psychological interventions aiming to diminish self-image distress, especially that associated with feelings, attitudes, and behavior towards the opposite sex, as well as future career plans.
Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Mauno
M
Mäkinen
Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland ; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Mauri
M
Marttunen
Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Erkki
E
Komulainen
Forensic Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Viacheslav
V
Terevnikov
Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Leena-Riitta
LR
Puukko-Viertomies
Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Veikko
V
Aalberg
Forensic Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Nina
N
Lindberg
Adolescence; Excess weight; Normal weight; Self-image