An analysis of multidisciplinary staffing levels and clinical activity in Australian tertiary persistent pain services.
OBJECTIVE
To document staffing (medical, nursing, allied health [AH], administrative) in Australian multidisciplinary persistent pain services and relate them to clinical activity levels.


METHODS
Of the 68 adult outpatient persistent pain services approached (Dec'08-Jan'10), 45 agreed to participate, received over 100 referrals/year, and met the contemporaneous International Association for the Study of Pain criteria for Level 1 or 2 multidisciplinary services. Structured interviews with Clinical Directors collected quantitative data regarding staff resources (disciplines, amount), services provided, funding models, and activity levels.


RESULTS
Compared with Level 2 clinics, Level 1 centers reported higher annual demand (referrals), clinical activity (patient numbers) and absolute numbers of medical, nursing and administrative staff, but comparable numbers of AH staff. When staffing was assessed against activity levels, medical and nursing resources were consistent across services, but Level 1 clinics had relatively fewer AH and administrative staff. Metropolitan and rural services reported comparable activity levels and discipline-specific staff ratios (except occupational therapy). The mean annual AH staffing for pain management group programs was 0.03 full-time equivalent staff per patient.


CONCLUSIONS
Reasonable consistency was demonstrated in the range and mix of most disciplines employed, suggesting they represented workable clinical structures. The greater number of medical and nursing staff within Level 1 clinics may indicate a lower multidisciplinary focus, but this needs further exploration. As the first multidisciplinary staffing data for persistent pain clinics, this provides critical information for designing and implementing clinical services. Mapping against clinical outcomes to demonstrate the impact of staffing patterns on safe and efficacious treatment delivery is required.
Royal Adelaide Hospital, Psychology Department and Pain Management Unit, South Australia.|University of Adelaide, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Psychology, South Australia.|The Australian Pain Society, New South Wales, Australia.
Anne L J
AL
Burke
University of Adelaide, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Psychology, South Australia.
Linley A
LA
Denson
University of Adelaide, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Psychology, South Australia.
Jane L
JL
Mathias
The Australian Pain Society, New South Wales, Australia.|The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Victoria.
Malcolm N
MN
Hogg
D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018710:Pain Clinics / Q000592:standards* / Q000600:supply & distribution / Q000639:trends; D059408:Pain Management / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers / Q000592:standards* / Q000600:supply & distribution / Q000639:trends
Allied Health; Chronic Pain; Industry; Pain Management; Persistent Pain; Staff Resources; Standards of Care