Brain magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings of children with kernicterus.
BACKGROUND
The term kernicterus, or bilirubin encephalopathy, is used to describe pathological bilirubin staining of the basal ganglia, brain stem, and cerebellum, and is associated with hyperbilirubinemia. Kernicterus generally occurs in untreated hyperbilirubinemia or cases where treatment is delayed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based studies have shown characteristic findings in kernicterus. The objective of our study was to describe the role of (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in demonstrating these metabolic changes and to review conventional MRI findings of kernicterus.


METHODS
Forty-eight pediatric cases with kernicterus were included in this study. MRI and MRS examinations were performed on variable dates (10-29 days after birth). NAA, Cr, Cho, NAA/Cr, NAA/Cho, and Cho/Cr values were evaluated visually and by computer analysis.


RESULTS
There was no statistically significant difference between the NAA and Cho levels in the acute kernicterus patients and the control group (healthy patients), whereas both were significantly elevated in the chronic kernicterus patients. Both the mean NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratio values were significantly higher in the acute and chronic cases compared to the control group. The NAA/Cho ratio value was statistically lower in the acute cases than in the control group while it was similar in the chronic cases.


CONCLUSIONS
Conventional MR imaging and (1)H-MRS are important complementary tools in the diagnostics of neonatal bilirubin encephalopathy. This study provided important information for applying these MR modalities in the evaluation of neonates with bilirubin encephalopathy.
Department of Pediatrics, Baskale State Hospital, Van Sehri, Turkey.
Sahabettin
S
Sarı
Department of Radiology, Yuzuncuyil University Dursun Odabas Medical Center, Van, Turkey.
Alpaslan
A
Yavuz
Department of Radiology, Yuzuncuyil University Dursun Odabas Medical Center, Van, Turkey.
Aabdussamet
A
Batur
Department of Radiology, Yuzuncuyil University Dursun Odabas Medical Center, Van, Turkey.
Aydın
A
Bora
Department of Radiology, Yuzuncuyil University Dursun Odabas Medical Center, Van, Turkey.
Huseyin
H
Caksen
Infant, Newborn; Kernicterus; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy