Interpretation of postural control may change due to data processing techniques.
Postural control is commonly assessed by quantifying center of pressure (CoP) variability during quiet stance. CoP data is traditionally filtered prior to analysis. However, some researchers suggest filtering may lead to undesirable consequences. Further, sampling frequency may also affect CoP analysis, as filtering CoP signals of different sampling frequencies may influence variability metrics. This study examined the influence of sampling frequency and filtering on metrics that index the magnitude and structure of variability in CoP displacement and velocity. Healthy adults (N=8, 27.4±2.6 years) balanced on their right foot for 60s on a force plate. CoP data recorded at 100Hz was then downsampled and/or filtered (2nd order dual-pass 10Hz low-pass Butterworth) to create six different CoP time series for each participant: (1) original, (2) filtered, (3) downsampled to 50Hz, (4) downsampled to 25Hz, (5) downsampled to 50Hz and filtered, and (6) down-sampled to 25Hz and filtered. Data were then analyzed using four common variability metrics (standard deviation [SD], root mean square [RMS], detrended fluctuation analysis α [DFA α], and sample entropy [SampEn]). Data processing techniques did not influence the magnitude of variability (SD and RMS), but did influence the structure of variability (DFA α and SampEn) in CoP displacement. All metrics were influenced by data processing techniques in CoP velocity. Thus, when interpreting changes in CoP variability, one must be careful to identify how much change is driven by the neuromotor system and how much is a function of data processing technique.
Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA. Electronic address: ckrhea@uncg.edu.
Christopher K
CK
Rhea
Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Center for Cognition, Action & Perception, Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Adam W
AW
Kiefer
Department of Physical Therapy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
W Geoffrey
WG
Wright
Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
Louisa D
LD
Raisbeck
Biomedical Research & Operations Department, Navy Experimental Diving Unit, Panama City Beach, FL, USA.
F Jay
FJ
Haran
D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001330:Electronic Data Processing / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture; D011312:Pressure
Center of pressure; Dynamics; Posture; Variability