The effect of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome on growth and development in nonobese children: a parallel study of twins.
OBJECTIVE
To explore the effects of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) on children's growth by the study of identical twins.


METHODS
Seventeen cases of nonobese children with OSAS were included in this study. The control group was their identical twin sibling, who had no signs of OSAS. Data including height, weight, and serum insulin-like growth factor 1 levels were analyzed before tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A) and at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery.


RESULTS
The mean apnea hyponea index was 3.9 times/hour in patients with OSAS and became normal after surgery. Minimum oxygen saturation gradually increased after T&A. The height and weight of the OSAS group before T&A was lower than the control group. During the follow-up period, height and weight increased but were lower than the control group. Serum insulin-like growth factor 1 levels in the OSAS group before T&A were lower than the control group. The level was significantly increased 3 months after T&A.


CONCLUSIONS
OSAS impairs growth and development. Significant growth recovery occurs after T&A, and early surgical intervention is an important factor for improvement in growth.
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Xiao Man
XM
Zhang
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Jun
J
Shi
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Guo Zhen
GZ
Meng
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Hong Sai
HS
Chen
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Li Na
LN
Zhang
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: wzyent@gmail.com.
Zhao Yan
ZY
Wang
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Hao
H
Wu
D000233:Adenoidectomy; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004200:Diseases in Twins; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017286:Polysomnography; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D014068:Tonsillectomy; D014427:Twins