[Nutritional knowledge and perception on dialysis: influence on adhesion and transgression; initial study].
BACKGROUND
The dialysis patients have problems in maintaining proper conduct and adherence to the diet prescribed in liquid nephrology consultation. Indicate the interdialytic weight gain, serum potassium and phosphorus along with self-report instruments, markers that have been used as indicators of non-adherence to the diet. Most of the time is not counted in dialysis units with dietitians-nutritionists. Nephrologists and nurses lack the time and / or sufficient to establish and monitor adherence to an individualized diet knowledge.


OBJECTIVE
The main objective is to determine adherence to dietary guidelines and hemodialysis fluids by DDFQ questionnaire and establish its relationship with the dietary habits of the patients, assessed by test dietary habits and cooking procedures. Secondary objectives are to measure adherence by DDFQ and relate the results to biochemical markers of intake and interdialytic weight gain (GID). Linking monitoring liquid diet and reported by the patient, biochemical markers of intake, interdialytic weight gain and the outcome of DDFQ. Determine membership based on sex, time on hemodialysis, have diabetes or have been transplanted once. And linking dietary habits reported by patients in the test of dietary habits and cooking procedures with patients' knowledge of the guidelines prescribed by nephrologists in consultation.


METHODS
Cross-sectional pilot study. Sociodemographic variables: age and sex. Clinical variables: diabetic transplant patient ever, time on dialysis, dry weight and GID. Biochemical markers: serum potassium and phosphorus. Variables adherence to diet questionnaire measures DDFQ.


METHODS
SPSS 20 Descriptive, Spearman correlation test, Student t test, Mann-Whitney U test and contingency table.


RESULTS
42 patients; 59.5% male, 40.5% female. Age 63.64 ± 16.17 years. Diabetics 11.9%. GID 1.96 ± 0.70 kg. Potassium 5.08 ± 0.86 meq / l phosphorus 4.71 ± 1.63 mg / dl. DDFQ Measured with 50% of patients not adhering to the diet in 2 days 14 days and 50% have no adherence to liquid in 1 day 14 days. There are correlations between adherence to diet and phosphorus (ρ= 0.304) and adherence to fluid and GID (ρ= 0.413).


CONCLUSIONS
There is a lack of adherence to dietary guidelines in dialysis patients, in contrast to the accession referred by them. The review of dietary and fluid patterns is necessary in patients with CKD on dialysis. Hence the importance of training and support for nurses using simple tools to detect breaches and act with greater dietary education.
Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Madrid.. maytehm20@gmail.com.
María Teresa
MT
de las Heras Mayoral
Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología. Universidad Complutense. Madrid. España.. nutrias@ucm.es.
Carmen
C
Martínez Rincón
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D018753:Diet, Protein-Restricted / Q000523:psychology*; D004327:Drinking Behavior; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000097:blood; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015430:Weight Gain
D010758:Phosphorus; D011188:Potassium