Bioaccumulation of 4-nonylphenol and effects on biomarkers, acetylcholinesterase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase, in Mytilus galloprovincialis mussel gilla.
Wild marine mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis showed a moderate bioaccumulation ability when exposed to waterborne 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), with a bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 6850 L Kg(-1) (dry weight). Kinetic and concentration-response experiments were performed and three enzymatic biomarkers in mussel gills were measured: Glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Exposure of mussels to environmentally relevant concentrations (25-100 μg L(-1)) of 4-nonylphenol significantly inhibited the AChE activity and induced the GST and GPx activities. GST induction was dose dependent whilst GPx activity showed a less consistent pattern, but in both cases the induction remained after a 10 d depuration period. Mussels seem capable of eliminating 4-NP from their tissues through a mechanism involving GST induction.
Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Universidade de Vigo, Estrada Colexio Universitario s/n, 36310 Vigo, Galicia, Spain. Electronic address: leticia1582@uvigo.es.
Leticia
L
Vidal-Liñán
Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Apdo.1552, 36280 Vigo, Galicia, Spain.
Juan
J
Bellas
Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.
Noelia
N
Salgueiro-González
Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.
Soledad
S
Muniategui
ECIMAT, Universidade de Vigo, Illa de Toralla s.n., 36331 Vigo, Galicia, Spain.
Ricardo
R
Beiras
D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects; D005978:Glutathione; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism*; D049878:Mytilus / Q000378:metabolism*; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
D015415:Biomarkers; D010636:Phenols; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D005978:Glutathione; C041594:4-nonylphenol
4-Nonylphenol; Acetylcholinesterase; Antioxidant enzymes; Bioaccumulation; Biomarkers; Mytilus galloprovincialis