Tracing copper derived from pig manure in calcareous soils and soil leachates by 65Cu labeling.
Copper is used as a growth promoter in animal husbandry, resulting in high Cu concentrations in animal manure. We tested whether Cu would be mobilized in soils receiving excessive loads of manure, both from recently added and from aged fractions. To discriminate between these Cu sources, manure was labeled with (65)Cu. After soil application of 0, 15, and 30 Mg manure ha(-1), leachate was collected in free-draining lysimeters (40 cm depth) under undisturbed soil over a 53 day period. Determining the total amounts of Cu and the fractions of (65)Cu in leachate and the soil profile enabled us to trace the translocation of Cu derived from labeled manure. More than 84% of the applied Cu was retained in the top 2 cm of soil. Less than 0.01% of the applied Cu was detected overall in the leachate. Of this amount, however, 38% (± 8.9 SE) was leached within 8 days after application. The total Cu concentration in leachates (32-164 μg L(-1)) frequently exceeded the Chinese groundwater quality standard of 50 μg L(-1). The added (65)Cu, however, accounted for less than 3.6% of the total Cu leaching load, suggesting that Cu from older sources and/or geological background controls contamination, regardless of current land management.
†Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia (KLPB), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, 650201 Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Anne
A
Ostermann
‡Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES) - Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
Yao
Y
He
‡Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES) - Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
Jan
J
Siemens
‡Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES) - Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
Gerhard
G
Welp
§Steinmann Institute, Geochemistry University of Bonn, Poppelsdorfer Schloss, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
Alexander
A
Heuser
§Steinmann Institute, Geochemistry University of Bonn, Poppelsdorfer Schloss, 53115 Bonn, Germany.|∥Institut für Geologie und Mineralogie, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 49b, 50674 Köln, Germany.
Frank
F
Wombacher
§Steinmann Institute, Geochemistry University of Bonn, Poppelsdorfer Schloss, 53115 Bonn, Germany.|∥Institut für Geologie und Mineralogie, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 49b, 50674 Köln, Germany.
Carsten
C
Münker
⊥College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Qiaoyun
Q
Xue
⊥College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Xianyong
X
Lin
‡Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES) - Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
Wulf
W
Amelung
D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D007554:Isotopes / Q000032:analysis; D007700:Kinetics; D008372:Manure / Q000032:analysis*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D034421:Sus scrofa; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
D007554:Isotopes; D008372:Manure; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D003300:Copper