Paper and flexible substrates as materials for biosensing platforms to detect multiple biotargets.
The need for sensitive, robust, portable, and inexpensive biosensing platforms is of significant interest in clinical applications for disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring at the point-of-care (POC) settings. Rapid, accurate POC diagnostic assays play a crucial role in developing countries, where there are limited laboratory infrastructure, trained personnel, and financial support. However, current diagnostic assays commonly require long assay time, sophisticated infrastructure and expensive reagents that are not compatible with resource-constrained settings. Although paper and flexible material-based platform technologies provide alternative approaches to develop POC diagnostic assays for broad applications in medicine, they have technical challenges integrating to different detection modalities. Here, we address the limited capability of current paper and flexible material-based platforms by integrating cellulose paper and flexible polyester films as diagnostic biosensing materials with various detection modalities through the development and validation of new widely applicable electrical and optical sensing mechanisms using antibodies and peptides. By incorporating these different detection modalities, we present selective and accurate capture and detection of multiple biotargets including viruses (Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1), bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus), and cells (CD4(+) T lymphocytes) from fingerprick volume equivalent of multiple biological specimens such as whole blood, plasma, and peritoneal dialysis effluent with clinically relevant detection and sensitivity.
Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Hadi
H
Shafiee
Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Palo Alto, California, USA.
Waseem
W
Asghar
Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Palo Alto, California, USA.
Fatih
F
Inci
Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Mehmet
M
Yuksekkaya
Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Muntasir
M
Jahangir
Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Michael H
MH
Zhang
1] Department of Biochemistry, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA [2] Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.
Naside Gozde
NG
Durmus
Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Umut Atakan
UA
Gurkan
Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA.
Daniel R
DR
Kuritzkes
1] Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA [2] Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Palo Alto, California, USA [3] Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA.
Utkan
U
Demirci
D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count / Q000379:methods; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity