Type 1 diabetes and gut microbiota: Friend or foe?
Type 1 diabetes is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease. Environmental factors play an important role in the initiation of the disease in genetically predisposed individuals. With the improved control of infectious disease, the incidence of autoimmune diseases, particularly type 1 diabetes, has dramatically increased in developed countries. Increasing evidence suggests that gut microbiota are involved in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Here we focus on recent advances in this field and provide a rationale for novel therapeutic strategies targeting gut microbiota for the prevention of type 1 diabetes.
Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Changyun
C
Hu
Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.
F Susan
FS
Wong
Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. Electronic address: li.wen@yale.edu.
Li
L
Wen
D000818:Animals; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000502:physiology*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD
Autoimmunity; Gut microbiota; NOD mice; Type 1 diabetes