Evaluation of photodegradation, phototoxicity and photogenotoxicity of ofloxacin in ointments with sunscreens and in solutions.
Fluoroquinolones are widely used anti-bacterial agents that are known to exhibit moderate to severe phototoxicity. Furthermore some of them reveal photogenotoxicity under UV irradiation. Incidence of side effects due to light exposure may be augmented, if the medicament is used topically. The main goal of this work was to compare the extent of photodegradation of ofloxacin in ointments with various excipients: hydrated or non-hydrated base and the addition of sunscreens: bisoctrizole (Tinosorb M) and bemotrizinol (Tinosorb S). The next goal of present work was the analysis of phototoxicity and photogenotoxicity of ofloxacin photodegradation products in tested ointments and in solutions with the umu-test, the test of mitotic gene conversion with Saccharomyces cerevisiae D7 and the micronucleus assay with V79 Chinese hamster cell line. At the same time an attempt was made to determinate the photodegradation products of ofloxacin in different unguents variants. We observed a significant photoprotective effect in ointment with Tinosorb M. We did not evaluated relevant differences regarding the genotoxicity and toxicity of unguents. However, the pre-irradiated ofloxacin solutions in comparison to samples stored in the dark were significantly more genotoxic to bacteria, slightly increased the number of micronuclei in V79 cell line and were toxic to the yeast strain.
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
Anna
A
Zgadzaj
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
Agata
A
Skrzypczak
Department of Applied Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
Ilona
I
Welenc
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
Agnieszka
A
Ługowska
Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
Andrzej
A
Parzonko
Department of Applied Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
Ewa
E
Siedlecka
Institute of Nuclear Chemistry & Technology, Center for Radiobiology & Biological Dosimetry, Warsaw, Poland.
Sylwester
S
Sommer
Institute of Nuclear Chemistry & Technology, Center for Radiobiology & Biological Dosimetry, Warsaw, Poland.
Katarzyna
K
Sikorska
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
Grzegorz
G
Nałęcz-Jawecki
D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D003412:Cricetulus; D005785:Gene Conversion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D009824:Ointments / Q000737:chemistry*; D010782:Photolysis; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D012996:Solutions; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
D009153:Mutagens; D009824:Ointments; D012996:Solutions; D013473:Sunscreening Agents; D014867:Water; D015242:Ofloxacin