Effect of Selenium-Enriched Agaricus bisporus (Higher Basidiomycetes) Extracts, Obtained by Pressurized Water Extraction, on the Expression of Cholesterol Homeostasis Related Genes by Low-Density Array.
Culinary-medicinal mushrooms are able to lower blood cholesterol levels in animal models by different mechanisms. They might impair the endogenous cholesterol synthesis and exogenous cholesterol absorption during digestion. Mushroom extracts, obtained using pressurized water extractions (PWE) from Agaricus bisporus basidiomes, supplemented or not supplemented with selenium, were applied to HepG2 cell cultures to study the expression of 19 genes related to cholesterol homeostasis by low-density arrays (LDA). Only the PWE fractions obtained at 25°C showed 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) inhibitory activity. Besides the enzymatic inhibition, PWE extracts may downregulate some of the key genes involved in the cholesterol homeostasis, such as the squalene synthase gene (FDFT1), since its mRNA expression falls by one third of its initial value. In summary, A. bisporus extracts may also modulate biological cholesterol levels by molecular mechanisms further than the enzymatic way previously reported.
Department of Production and Characterization of New Foods, CIAL-Research Institute in Food Science (UAM+CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
Alicia
A
Gil-Ramírez
Department of Production and Characterization of New Foods, CIAL-Research Institute in Food Science (UAM+CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
Cristina
C
Soler-Rivas
IMDEA Food Institute, Carretera de Cantoblanco, no. 8, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
Arantxa
A
Rodriguez-Casado
Department of Production and Characterization of New Foods, CIAL-Research Institute in Food Science (UAM+CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
Alejandro
A
Ruiz-Rodríguez
Department of Production and Characterization of New Foods, CIAL-Research Institute in Food Science (UAM+CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; IMDEA Food Institute, Carretera de Cantoblanco, no. 8, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid.
Guillermo
G
Reglero
Department of Production and Characterization of New Foods, CIAL-Research Institute in Food Science (UAM+CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
Francisco Ramón
FR
Marín
D000214:Acyl Coenzyme A / Q000378:metabolism; D000363:Agaricales; D000364:Agaricus / Q000737:chemistry; D001688:Biological Products / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism*; D013186:Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012643:Selenium / Q000494:pharmacology*
D000214:Acyl Coenzyme A; D001688:Biological Products; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C008047:3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A; D002784:Cholesterol; C553220:HMGCR protein, human; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases; D013186:Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase; D012643:Selenium