How does your crystal grow? A commentary on Burton, Cabrera and Frank (1951) 'The growth of crystals and the equilibrium structure of their surfaces'.
The key ideas presented in the classic paper 'The growth of crystals and the equilibrium structure of their surfaces' by W. K. Burton, N. Cabrera and F. C. Frank, published in Philosophical Transactions A in 1951, are summarized and put in the context of both the state of knowledge at the time of publication and the considerable amount of work since that time that has built on and developed these ideas. Many of these developments exploit the huge increase in the capabilities of computer modelling that complement the original analytic approach of the paper. The dearth of relevant experimental data at the time of the original publication has been transformed by the application of increasingly sophisticated modern methods of surface science. This commentary was written to celebrate the 350th anniversary of the journal Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society.
Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK d.p.woodruff@warwick.ac.uk.
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crystal growth; equilibrium crystal shape; screw dislocations; surface roughening; surface steps; two-dimensional nucleation