Restoration of Oral Function for Adult Edentulous Patients with Ectodermal Dysplasia: A Prospective Preliminary Clinical Study.
BACKGROUND
Therapy with zygomatic implants (ZIs) or conventional implants (CIs) has proven to be an effective method to restore oral function for systemically healthy patients. However, it is still a major challenge to fully restore oral function to edentulous adult patients with ectodermal dysplasia (ED).


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine an effective treatment protocol for restoring oral function using ZIs and CIs to edentulous adult ED patients.


METHODS
Ten edentulous adult ED patients were treated in this study. The treatment protocol involved the following: (1) bone augmentation in the region of the anterior teeth; (2) placement of two ZIs and four CIs in the maxilla, and four CIs in the mandible; (3) fabrication of dental prosthesis; and (4) psychological and oral education. Following treatment of these patients, implant success rates, biological complications, patient satisfaction, and psychological changes were recorded.


RESULTS
Although there was evidence of bone graft resorption in the maxilla, bone augmentation of the mandible was successful in all patients. Nine CIs in the maxilla failed and were removed. All ZIs were successful, and the CIs success rates were 77.50% in the maxilla and 100% in the mandible, with a mean of 88.75%. The mean peri-implant bone resorption for the CIs ranged from 1.3 ± 0.4 mm to 1.8 ± 0.6 mm, and four cases exhibited gingival hyperplasia in the maxilla and mandible. One hundred percent of the patients were satisfied with the restoration of their oral function, and >50% of the patients exhibited enhanced self-confidence and self-esteem.


CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates that oral function can be restored in edentulous adult ED patients using a comprehensive and systematic treatment protocol involving psychological and oral education, bone augmentation, implant placement, and denture fabrication. Despite these positive outcomes, bone augmentation remains challenging in the anterior region of the maxilla for edentulous adult ED patients.
Department of Oral Implant, School of Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Yiqun
Y
Wu
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Xu Dong
XD
Wang
Department of Oral Implant, School of Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Feng
F
Wang
Department of Oral Implant, School of Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Wei
W
Huang
Department of Oral Implant, School of Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Zhiyong
Z
Zhang
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Zhiyuan
Z
Zhang
Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Center for Oral Health Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Darnell
D
Kaigler
Department of Dental Implant Centre, Stomatologic Hospital & College, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
Duohong
D
Zou
D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods; D004476:Ectodermal Dysplasia / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009066:Mouth, Edentulous / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult; D015050:Zygoma / Q000601:surgery
bone augmentation; ectodermal dysplasia; oral function reconstruction; severe bone defects; vertical distraction osteogenesis; zygomatic implants