Neuroprotective effects of hydrogen sulfide in Parkinson's disease animal models: methods and protocols.
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was first proposed to be a neuromodulator in 1996. After that, multiple biological functions of H2S have been revealed. In brain, it regulates intracellular calcium, intracellular pH, and cAMP level in different brain cells via regulation of the functions of different proteins. In pathological situations, H2S produces anti-inflammatory, -oxidant, and -apoptotic effects, and therefore is potentially used to treat neurodegenerative diseases, especially Parkinson's disease (PD). In this chapter, we summarized the methods commonly used to create PD animal models followed by description of evaluations of PD pathology. The PD models described in this chapter included those caused by various neurotoxins like 6-hydroxydopamine, rotenone, and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. Methods for examination of dopaminergic neuron loss and microglial activation in both substantia nigra and striatum are also described. The role of H2S and its therapeutic potentials are discussed in the last section of this chapter.
Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Xue
X
Xue
Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore. Electronic address: phcbjs@nus.edu.sg.
Jin-Song
JS
Bian
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D057075:Enzyme Assays; D006801:Humans; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010302:Parkinson Disease, Secondary / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology
D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide
6-OHDA; Hydrogen sulfide; MPTP; Parkinson's disease; Rotenone