Silver nanoparticle based antibacterial methacrylate hydrogels potential for bone graft applications.
Infections are frequent and very undesired occurrences after orthopedic procedures; furthermore, the growing concern caused by the rise in antibiotic resistance is progressively dwindling the efficacy of such drugs. Artificial bone graft materials could solve some of the problems associated with the gold standard use of natural bone graft such as limited bone material, pain at the donor site and rejections if donor tissue is used. We have previously described new acrylate base nanocomposite hydrogels as bone graft materials. In the present paper, we describe the integration of silver nanoparticles in the polymeric mineralized biomaterial to provide non-antibiotic antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Two different crosslinking degrees were tested and the silver nanoparticles were integrated into the composite matrix by means of three different methods: entrapment in the polymeric hydrogel before the mineralization; diffusion during the process of calcium phosphate crystallization and adsorption post-mineralization. The latter being generally the most effective method of encapsulation; however, the adsorption of silver nanoparticles inside the pores of the biomaterial led to a decreasing antibacterial activity for adsorption time longer than 2 days.
Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Industrial Engineering, Castilla-La Mancha University, Albacete, Spain; Department of Physical Chemistry II, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
M Isabel
MI
González-Sánchez
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA.
Stefano
S
Perni
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Giacomo
G
Tommasi
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Nathanael Glyn
NG
Morris
Centre of Nanohealth, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
Karl
K
Hawkins
Department of Physical Chemistry II, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Enrique
E
López-Cabarcos
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA. Electronic address: prokopovichp@cardiff.ac.uk.
Polina
P
Prokopovich
D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D004058:Diffusion; D055119:Elastic Modulus / Q000187:drug effects; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D058105:Polymerization; D012212:Rheology / Q000187:drug effects; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D020100:Hydrogels; D008689:Methacrylates; D012834:Silver
Hydrogels; Infections; Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); Nanoparticles; Silver; Staphylococcus epidermidis