Biomarkers associated with obstructive sleep apnea and morbidities: a scoping review.
OBJECTIVE
To map potential biomarkers of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)-associated morbidities in both adults and children, to identify gaps in current evidence, and to determine the value of conducting a full systematic review.


METHODS
A scoping review was undertaken of studies in patients with OSA that evaluated the potential value of biological markers in identifying OSA-associated morbidities. Retained articles were only those studies whose main objective was to identify morbidity biomarkers in subjects with OSA, the latter being confirmed with a full overnight polysomnography (PSG) in a laboratory or at-home settings. The methodology of the selected studies was classified using an adaptation of the evidence quality criteria recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Additionally the biomarkers were categorized according to their potential clinical applicability.


RESULTS
572 citations were identified of which 48 met inclusion criteria. Thirty-four studies were conducted in adults and 14 involved children. Most of the studies evaluated blood biomarkers, and presented 31 potential diagnostic biomarkers.


CONCLUSIONS
The majority of studies that performed explored blood-based biomarkers, with most not identifying definitive morbidity biomarkers. Of the potentially promising morbidity biomarkers, plasma IL-6 and high sensitivity C-reactive protein appear to exhibit a favorable profile, and may discriminate OSA patients with and without morbidities in both adults and children. MRP 8/14 was retained in children as well as cardiovascular morbidity-associated biomarker. Urinary neurotransmitters may also provide a good tool for screening OSA cognitive morbidity in children.
Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada.
Graziela
G
De Luca Canto
School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada.
Camila
C
Pachêco-Pereira
GATA Haydarpasa Teaching Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, USA.
Secil
S
Aydinoz
School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada.
Paul W
PW
Major
School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada.
Carlos
C
Flores-Mir
Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, 5721 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 8000, Suite K-160, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Electronic address: dgozal@uchicago.edu.
David
D
Gozal
D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D040501:Calgranulin A / Q000378:metabolism; D040502:Calgranulin B / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*
D015415:Biomarkers; D040501:Calgranulin A; D040502:Calgranulin B; D015850:Interleukin-6; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
Biomarkers; Morbidity; Review; Sleep apnea