An optical method for serum calcium and phosphorus level assessment during hemodialysis.
Survival among hemodialysis patients is disturbingly low, partly because vascular calcification (VC) and cardiovascular disease are highly prevalent. Elevated serum phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) levels play an essential role in the formation of VC events. The purpose of the current study was to reveal optical monitoring possibilities of serum P and Ca values during dialysis. Twenty-eight patients from Tallinn (Estonia) and Linköping (Sweden) were included in the study. The serum levels of Ca and P on the basis of optical information, i.e., absorbance and fluorescence of the spent dialysate (optical method) were assessed. Obtained levels were compared in means and SD. The mean serum level of Ca was 2.54 ± 0.21 and 2.53 ± 0.19 mmol/L; P levels varied between 1.08 ± 0.51 and 1.08 ± 0.48 mmol/L, measured in the laboratory and estimated by the optical method respectively. The levels achieved were not significantly different (p = 0.5). The Bland-Altman 95% limits of agreement between the two methods varied from -0.19 to 0.19 for Ca and from -0.37 to 0.37 in the case of P. In conclusion, optical monitoring of the spent dialysate for assessing the serum levels of Ca and P during dialysis seems to be feasible and could offer valuable and continuous information to medical staff.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technomedicum, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia. jana@cb.ttu.ee.
Jana
J
Holmar
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technomedicum, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia. anders.fernstrom@regionostergotland.se.|Department of Nephrology, Heart- and Medicine Center, Region Östergötland and Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden. anders.fernstrom@regionostergotland.se.
Fredrik
F
Uhlin
Department of Nephrology, Heart- and Medicine Center, Region Östergötland and Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden. anders.fernstrom@regionostergotland.se.
Anders
A
Fernström
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technomedicum, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia. merike.luman@regionaalhaigla.ee.|Centre of Nephrology, North Estonian Medical Centre, Sütiste tee 19, 13419 Tallinn, Estonia. merike.luman@regionaalhaigla.ee.
Merike
M
Luman
Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. jjankowski@ukaachen.de.
Joachim
J
Jankowski
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technomedicum, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia. ivo@cb.ttu.ee.
Ivo
I
Fridolin
D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood*; D015314:Dialysis Solutions / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000097:blood*; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
D015415:Biomarkers; D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D010758:Phosphorus; D002118:Calcium