Oligoadenylate synthase-like (OASL) proteins: dual functions and associations with diseases.
The study of antiviral pathways to reveal methods for the effective response and clearance of virus is closely related to understanding interferon (IFN) signaling and its downstream target genes, IFN-stimulated genes. One of the key antiviral factors induced by IFNs, 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthase (OAS), is a well-known molecule that regulates the early phase of viral infection by degrading viral RNA in combination with RNase L, resulting in the inhibition of viral replication. In this review, we describe OAS family proteins from a different point of view from that of previous reviews. We discuss not only RNase L-dependent (canonical) and -independent (noncanonical) pathways but also the possibility of the OAS family members as biomarkers for various diseases and clues to non-immunological functions based on recent studies. In particular, we focus on OASL, a member of the OAS family that is relatively less well understood than the other members. We will explain its anti- and pro-viral dual roles as well as the diseases related to single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the corresponding gene.
Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
Un Yung
UY
Choi
Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
Ji-Seon
JS
Kang
Department of Integrated Omics for Biomedical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
Yune Sahng
YS
Hwang
1] Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea [2] Department of Integrated Omics for Biomedical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
Young-Joon
YJ
Kim
D015088:2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D004722:Endoribonucleases / Q000378:metabolism; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D005810:Multigene Family; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D015398:Signal Transduction
D015415:Biomarkers; C475085:OAS1 protein, human; D015088:2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase; C577439:OAS3 protein, human; D004722:Endoribonucleases; C031956:2-5A-dependent ribonuclease