Bisphenol A reduces fertilizing ability and motility by compromising mitochondrial function of sperm.
Bisphenol A (BPA) acts as an endocrine disruptor, affects animal reproductive success in vivo and affects sperm functions in vitro at environmentally relevant concentrations, leading to reduction in sperm motility and fertilizing ability in fish. The effect of in vitro BPA on avian sperm functions has not been explored. The present study examined the effect of environmentally relevant concentrations of BPA (0 mM, 0.18 mM, 0.37 mM, and 0.74 mM) on sperm functions in chicken in vitro. Sperm were exposed to concentrations of BPA for 30 min and analyzed for motility, fertilizing ability, live sperm percentage, and mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm). Results showed that BPA at a concentration of 0.74 mM significantly decreased motility, fertilizing ability, live sperm count percentage, and sperm Δψm. Sperm motility was positively correlated with fertility (r = 0.73, p ≤ 0.01), live sperm percentage (r = 0.64, p ≤ 0.01), and high Δψm (r = 0.44, p ≤ 0.01). A dose-dependent and time-dependent effect of BPA was observed on sperm motility at all BPA concentrations. However, sperm's fertilizing ability was unaffected in low BPA concentration (0.18 mM and 0.37 mM). A significantly higher percentage of moribund sperm was observed at 0.37 mM and 0.74 mM BPA compared with at 0.18 mM BPA, in the negative control, and in the vehicle control. The present study confirms that environmentally relevant concentrations of BPA are capable of compromising sperm functions, leading to reduction in fertilizing ability of chicken sperm.
Avian Physiology and Genetics Division, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Coimbatore, India.|Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA.
Ram P
RP
Singh
Avian Physiology and Genetics Division, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Coimbatore, India.
Chathathayil M
CM
Shafeeque
Division of Physiology and Reproduction, Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, India.
Sanjeev K
SK
Sharma
Division of Physiology and Reproduction, Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, India.
Nitin K
NK
Pandey
Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India.
Renu
R
Singh
Division of Physiology and Reproduction, Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, India.
Jag
J
Mohan
Division of Physiology and Reproduction, Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, India.
Gautham
G
Kolluri
Division of Biochemistry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India.
Meeta
M
Saxena
Division of Biochemistry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India.
Bhaskar
B
Sharma
Division of Physiology and Reproduction, Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, India.
Kochiganti V H
KV
Sastry
Division of Physiology and Reproduction, Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, India.
Jag M
JM
Kataria
Avian Physiology and Genetics Division, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Coimbatore, India.
Parappurath A
PA
Azeez
D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D002645:Chickens / Q000502:physiology; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D005298:Fertility / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
Fertility; Flow cytometer; Mitochondrial membrane potential; Sperm viability