Chronic exposures to low and high concentrations of ibuprofen elicit different gene response patterns in a euryhaline fish.
Ibuprofen is one of the most commonly detected pharmaceuticals in wastewater effluent; however, the effects of ibuprofen on aquatic organisms are poorly understood. This study presents the transcriptome-wide response of the inland silverside, Menidia beryllina, to chronic exposure to ibuprofen. At the lowest exposure concentration (0.0115 mg/L), we detected a downregulation of many genes involved in skeletal development, aerobic respiration, and immune function. At the highest exposure concentration (1.15 mg/L), we detected increased expression of regulatory genes in the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway and several immune genes involved in an inflammatory response. Additionally, there was differential expression of genes involved in oxidative stress responses and a downregulation of genes involved in osmoregulation. This study provides useful information for monitoring the effects of this common wastewater effluent contaminant in the environment and for the generation of biomarkers of exposure to ibuprofen that may be transferable to other fish species.
Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. kenmjeffries@gmail.com.|Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. kenmjeffries@gmail.com.
Ken M
KM
Jeffries
Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, 601 South College Road, Wilmington, NC, 28403, USA.
Susanne M
SM
Brander
Bioinformatics Core Facility, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
Monica T
MT
Britton
Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
Nann A
NA
Fangue
Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
Richard E
RE
Connon
D000818:Animals; D005399:Fishes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000633:toxicity*; D036401:Toxicity Tests, Chronic; D062065:Wastewater / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
D007052:Ibuprofen; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
Ecotoxicology; Gene expression; Inland silverside; Microarray; NSAIDs; Transcriptomics; qPCR