Translucency of esthetic dental restorative CAD/CAM materials and composite resins with respect to thickness and surface roughness.
BACKGROUND
Little information is available about the translucency of monolithic CAD/CAM materials.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the translucency of restorative CAD/CAM materials and direct composite resins with respect to thickness and surface roughness.


METHODS
In total, 240 disk-shaped specimens (12×14×1 mm and 12×14×2 mm) of 3 different CAD/CAM glass ceramics (CELTRA Duo, IPS e.max CAD, IPS Empress CAD), a fine-structure feldspathic ceramic (VITA Mark II), a hybrid ceramic (VITA Enamic), a resin nanoceramic composite resin (LAVA Ultimate), an experimental (CAD/CAM nanohybrid composite resin), 2 interim materials (Telio CAD; VITA CAD-Temp), and 3 direct composite resins (Tetric EvoCeram; Filtek Supreme XTE; Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill) were fabricated (n=10). After 3 different surface pretreatments (polished, rough SiC P1200, or SiC P500), absolute translucency and surface roughness were measured using spectrophotometry and tactile profilometry. The influence of material type, thickness, and roughness on absolute translucency was analyzed using a multivariate analysis, 1-way ANOVA, and the Tukey HSD post hoc test (P<.05). Pearson correlations and statistical hypothesis tests were used to assess the results (P<.05).


RESULTS
The effect of all tested parameters was significant among the materials (P<.05). The greatest influence on the measured translucency was thickness (partial eta squared ηP²=.988), closely followed by material (.982), and the pretreatment method (.835). The surface roughness was strongly influenced by the pretreatment method (.975) and type of material (.941).


CONCLUSIONS
Thickness and surface roughness are major factors affecting the absolute translucency of adhesively luted restorations.
Dentist, Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Dental School, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
Daniel
D
Awad
Senior Materials Scientist, Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany. Electronic address: bogna.stawarczyk@med.uni-muenchen.de.
Bogna
B
Stawarczyk
Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
Anja
A
Liebermann
Senior Materials Scientist, Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Dental School, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
Nicoleta
N
Ilie
D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D017554:Carbon Compounds, Inorganic / Q000737:chemistry; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry; D003116:Color; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003775:Dental Polishing / Q000379:methods; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008422:Materials Testing; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D017655:Silicon Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000379:methods; D013499:Surface Properties
D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D017554:Carbon Compounds, Inorganic; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; C474035:Filtek Supreme; C520133:IPS e.max CAD LT; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D017655:Silicon Compounds; C501891:Tetric EvoCeram; C520134:VITA CAD-Temp; C082340:Vita Mark II; D003776:Dental Porcelain; C016447:feldspar; C023506:Glass ceramics; C022088:silicon carbide