Voltammetric Determination of Codeine on Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Nafion/MWCNTs.
A glassy carbon electrode modified with a Nafion/MWCNTs composite is shown to enable the determination of codeine using differential pulse voltammetry in phosphate buffer of pH 3.0. At a preconcentration time of 15 s, the calibration graph is linear in the 0.5 µM (0.15 mg·L(-1)) to 15 µM (4.5 mg·L(-1)) concentration range with a correlation coefficient of 0.998. The detection limit at a preconcentration time of 120 s is as low as 4.5 μg·L(-1). The repeatability of the method at a 0.6 μg·L(-1) concentration level, expressed as the RSD, is 3.7% (for n = 5). The method was successfully applied and validated by analyzing codeine in drug, human plasma, and urine samples.
Faculty of Material Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30059 Cracow, Poland.
Robert
R
Piech
Faculty of Material Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30059 Cracow, Poland.
Martyna
M
Rumin
Faculty of Material Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30059 Cracow, Poland.
Beata
B
Paczosa-Bator