Preterm cesarean delivery for nonreassuring fetal heart rate: neonatal and neurologic morbidity.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the rates of neonatal morbidity and cerebral palsy among preterm neonates (less than 37 weeks of gestation) delivered by cesarean for a nonreassuring fetal heart rate (FHR) tracing compared with those who did not.


METHODS
This was a secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized trial of MgSO4 for the prevention of cerebral palsy. Newborns of women delivered by cesarean delivery for nonreassuring FHR were compared with a control group composed of the offspring of women who labored for 2 hours or longer but did not undergo cesarean delivery for nonreassuring FHR regardless of the mode of delivery. Using multivariable analysis to adjust for potential confounders, our objective was to compare two outcomes: 1) composite neonatal morbidity (Apgar score 3 or less at 5 minutes, seizure, sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis grade II or III, intraventricular hemorrhage grade III or IV, or death before discharge) and 2) neurologic injury (cerebral palsy) at 2 years or more of corrected age between the groups.


RESULTS
Of the 1,291 preterm neonates who met the inclusion criteria, 177 (14%) were delivered by cesarean for nonreassuring FHR compared with 1,114 (86%) in the control group. Composite neonatal morbidity was similar between the groups (30.5 compared with 22.2%, adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9-2.1). The rate of cerebral palsy of any severity (8.3 compared with 4.0%, adjusted OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.2-4.5) and moderate-to-severe cerebral palsy at 2 years of corrected age (6.0 compared with 2.2%, adjusted OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.4-7.1) was significantly higher in children born through cesarean delivery for nonreassuring FHR.


CONCLUSIONS
Nonreassuring fetal tracing deemed so serious as to require cesarean delivery is associated with an increased risk of cerebral palsy in preterm neonates.


METHODS
II.
Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and the Center for Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas; and the Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants' Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Hector
H
Mendez-Figueroa
Suneet P
SP
Chauhan
Claudia
C
Pedroza
Jerrie S
JS
Refuerzo
Joshua D
JD
Dahlke
Dwight J
DJ
Rouse
D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005316:Fetal Distress / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology