Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation of developmental delay in pediatric patients.
BACKGROUND
Developmental delay is defined as significant delay in one or more developmental domains. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the best modality to investigate such patients. Evaluation of a child with developmental delay is important not only because it allows early diagnosis and treatment but also helpful for parental counseling regarding the outcome of their child and to identify any possible risk of recurrence in the siblings. Thus this study was undertaken to evaluate the developmental delay in Indian children which will help the clinicians in providing an estimation of the child's ultimate developmental potential and organize specific treatment requirement and also relieve parental apprehension.


OBJECTIVE
To study the prevalence of normal and abnormal MRI in pediatric patients presenting with developmental delay and further categorize the abnormal MRI based on its morphological features.


METHODS
It is a prospective, observational & descriptive study of MRI Brain in 81 paediatric patients (46 Males and 35 Females), aged between three months to 12 years; presenting with developmental delay in Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad; over a period of three years (Sept 2011 to Sept 2014). MRI brain was done on 1.5T Siemens Magnetom Essenza & 0.35T Magnetom C with appropriate sequences and planes after making the child sleep/sedated/ anesthetized. Various anatomical structures like Ventricles, Corpus callosum, etc were systematically assessed. The MRI findings were divided into various aetiological subgroups.


RESULTS
Normal MRI findings were seen in 32% cases and 68% had abnormal findings of which the proportion of Traumatic/ Neurovascular Diseases, Congenital & Developmental, Metabolic and Degenerative, neoplastic and non specific were 31%, 17%, 10%, 2.5% and 7.5% respectively. The ventricles and white matter mainly the corpus callosum were the most commonly affected anatomical structures. The diagnostic yield was found to be 68% and higher yield was seen in patients presenting with developmental delay plus.


CONCLUSIONS
The clinical diagnosis of developmental delay should not be the end point, but rather a springboard for an effective search for causal factors. MRI is the best investigation with a high yield in such patients.
Assistant Professor, Department of Radiology, Deccan College of Medical Sciences , Hyderabad, Telangana, India .
Althaf S
AS
Ali
Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Deccan College of Medical Sciences , Hyderabad, Telangana, India .
Naziya P
NP
Syed
Professor, Department of Radiology, Deccan College of Medical Sciences , Hyderabad, Telangana, India .
G S N
GS
Murthy
Associate Professor, Department of Radiology, Deccan College of Medical Sciences , Hyderabad, Telangana, India .
Madhavi
M
Nori
Professor, Department of Radiology, Deccan College of Medical Sciences , Hyderabad, Telangana, India .
Anand
A
Abkari
Senior Resident, Department of Radiology, Deccan College of Medical Sciences , Hyderabad, Telangana, India .
B K
BK
Pooja
Professor and Head, Department of Radiology, Deccan College of Medical Sciences , Hyderabad, Telangana, India .
J
J
Venkateswarlu
Developmental delay; MRI brain; Pediatric patients