IL-4 and IL-6 levels and adipose tissue distribution in HIV-1 patients under antiretroviral therapy.
OBJECTIVE
Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) for the treatment of HIV-1 infection has been associated with complications, including lipodystrophy. Several interleukins have been implicated in the pathology and physiology of lipodystrophy. The present study aimed to compare the levels of IL-4 and IL-6 in HIV-1 patients under cART with and without, clinically and fat mass ratio defined, lipodystrophy and in four different groups of fat distribution: (1) no lipodystrophy; (2) isolated central fat accumulation; (3) isolated lipoatrophy and (4) mixed forms of lipodystrophy.


METHODS
In the present cross-sectional study we evaluated IL-4 and IL-6 levels, insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity indexes in 86 HIV-infected adults under cART.


RESULTS
No significant differences in IL-4 and IL-6 levels between the four groups of body composition were observed. Patients with HOMA-IR >4 presented higher levels of IL-6 and lower levels of IL-4, although without statistical significance. No correlation between IL-6, or IL-4, HOMA-IR and quantitative body fat mass distribution was found.


CONCLUSIONS
Although there was a tendency for patients with isolated lipoatrophy and isolated fat accumulation to present higher IL-6 levels, these differences were not statistically significant. No differences were found relating IL-4 levels.
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, Porto, 4200, Portugal. sandra.belo@gmail.com.|Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. sandra.belo@gmail.com.|Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. sandra.belo@gmail.com.
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Belo
Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. acsantos@medup.pt.|Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. acsantos@medup.pt.
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Santos
Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. ajbmadureira@gmail.com.|Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. ajbmadureira@gmail.com.|Department of Radiology, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal. ajbmadureira@gmail.com.
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Madureira
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal. jorgepgpereira@gmail.com.
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Pereira
Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. antonio.sarmento@hsjoao.min-saude.pt.|Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. antonio.sarmento@hsjoao.min-saude.pt.|Department of Infectious Diseases, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal. antonio.sarmento@hsjoao.min-saude.pt.
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Sarmento
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, Porto, 4200, Portugal. davidecarvalho@gmail.com.|Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. davidecarvalho@gmail.com.|Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. davidecarvalho@gmail.com.
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Carvalho
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, Porto, 4200, Portugal. paula_freitas@sapo.pt.|Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. paula_freitas@sapo.pt.|Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. paula_freitas@sapo.pt.
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Freitas
D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D050218:Body Fat Distribution; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D039682:HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D015850:Interleukin-6; D015847:Interleukin-4
HIV; IL-4; IL-6; Insulin resistance; Lipodystrophy