Association between biomarkers of oxidative stress, trace elements, and cell proliferation index in patients with benign and malignant breast diseases.
OBJECTIVE
To understand the association between biomarkers of oxidative stress, antioxidants, trace elements, and cell proliferation index in relation to the disease progression in the pathophysiology of breast diseases.


METHODS
Concentrations of markers of oxidative stress, antioxidants, trace elements, and cell proliferation index were evaluated in the patients with benign breast diseases, malignant breast diseases, and healthy volunteers as controls. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to identify the contribution of the selected indexes using odds ratio and associated confidence interval.


RESULTS
The level of markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde [MDA]) and cell proliferation index were found to be significantly higher with significantly depleted levels of antioxidants and trace elements in breast cancer patients compared with control subjects as well as benign breast disease patients. A similar pattern of changes were observed between benign and control subjects.


CONCLUSIONS
An inadequate amount of antioxidant enzymes and trace elements may be an important contributing factor associated with oxidative stress leading to elevated levels of MDA and cell proliferation index in relation to disease progression and clinical stage in the pathophysiology of breast diseases.
Department of Biophysics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
Kanchan
K
Karki
Department of Biophysics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
Deepti
D
Pande
Department of Biophysics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
Reena
R
Negi
Department of General Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
Seema
S
Khanna
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
Ranjana S
RS
Khanna
Department of Biophysics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
Hari D
HD
Khanna
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002374:Catalase / Q000097:blood; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005260:Female; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis*
D015415:Biomarkers; D014131:Trace Elements; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase