The relations between metabolic variations and genetic evolution of different species.
Metabonomics has been applied in many bio-related scientific fields. Nevertheless, some animal research works are shown to fail when they are extended to humans. Therefore, it is essential to figure out suitable animal modeling to mimic human metabolism so that animal findings can serve humans. In this study, two kinds of commonly selected body fluids, serum and urine, from humans and various experimental animals were characterized by integration of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy with multivariate statistical analysis to identify the interspecies metabolic differences and similarities at a baseline physiological status. Our results highlight that the dairy cow and pig may be an optimal choice for transportation and biodistribution studies of drugs and that the Kunming (KM) mouse model may be the most effective for excretion studies of drugs, whereas the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat could be the most suitable candidate for animal modeling under overall considerations. The biochemical pathways analyses further provide an interconnection between genetic evolution and metabolic variations, where species evolution most strongly affects microbial biodiversity and, consequently, has effects on the species-specific biological substances of biosynthesis and corresponding biological activities. Knowledge of the metabolic effects from species difference will enable the construction of better models for disease diagnosis, drug metabolism, and toxicology research.
Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
Zhishui
Z
Li
Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
Chenghong
C
Lin
Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
Jingjing
J
Xu
Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environment Processes, CAS, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environment Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
Huifeng
H
Wu
Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. Electronic address: jianghua.feng@xmu.edu.cn.
Jianghua
J
Feng
Basic Surgical Department, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China.
Heguang
H
Huang
D000818:Animals; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D055432:Metabolomics; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D013045:Species Specificity; D016482:Urinalysis
Genetic evolution; Laboratory animals; Metabonomics; NMR; Physiological variation