Pentraxin 3 Induces Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction Through a P-selectin/Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Pathway.
BACKGROUND
Pentraxin 3 (PTX3), the prototype of long pentraxins, has been described to be associated with endothelial dysfunction in different cardiovascular disorders. No study has yet evaluated the possible direct effect of PTX3 on vascular function.


RESULTS
Through in vitro experiments of vascular reactivity and ultrastructural analyses, we demonstrate that PTX3 induces dysfunction and morphological changes in the endothelial layer through a P-selectin/matrix metalloproteinase-1 pathway. The latter hampered the detachment of endothelial nitric oxide synthase from caveolin-1, leading to an impairment of nitric oxide signaling. In vivo studies showed that administering PTX3 to wild-type mice induced endothelial dysfunction and increased blood pressure, an effect absent in P-selectin-deficient mice. In isolated human umbilical vein endothelial cells, PTX3 significantly blunted nitric oxide production through the matrix metalloproteinase-1 pathway. Finally, using ELISA, we found that hypertensive patients (n=31) have higher plasma levels of PTX3 and its mediators P-selectin and matrix metalloproteinase-1 than normotensive subjects (n=21).


CONCLUSIONS
Our data show for the first time a direct role of PTX3 on vascular function and blood pressure homeostasis, identifying the molecular mechanisms involved. The findings in humans suggest that PTX3, P-selectin, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 may be novel biomarkers that predict the onset of vascular dysfunction in hypertensive patients.
From IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (A.C., A.D., F.B., M.A., M.M., F.F., C.V.); University of Pisa, Department of Human Morphology and Applied Biology, Italy (P.L., F.F.); Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council of Italy (IEOS-CNR), c/o Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; (C.P., V.G.); University of Salerno, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy (G.A.); University of Salerno, Medicine and Surgery, Baronissi (Salerno), Italy (G.A., P.R., A.A.P., G.M., C.V.); Hypertension Research Center and Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (D.G.C., B.T.) and Department of Translational Medical Sciences (R.I.), University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; University of Pavia, Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, Italy (A. Malovini); Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy (L.F.); Pathology Unit, "Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione Pascale," Naples, Italy (V.G.); and IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy (A.A.P., G.M.).
Albino
A
Carrizzo
From IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (A.C., A.D., F.B., M.A., M.M., F.F., C.V.); University of Pisa, Department of Human Morphology and Applied Biology, Italy (P.L., F.F.); Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council of Italy (IEOS-CNR), c/o Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; (C.P., V.G.); University of Salerno, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy (G.A.); University of Salerno, Medicine and Surgery, Baronissi (Salerno), Italy (G.A., P.R., A.A.P., G.M., C.V.); Hypertension Research Center and Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (D.G.C., B.T.) and Department of Translational Medical Sciences (R.I.), University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; University of Pavia, Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, Italy (A. Malovini); Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy (L.F.); Pathology Unit, "Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione Pascale," Naples, Italy (V.G.); and IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy (A.A.P., G.M.).
Paola
P
Lenzi
From IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (A.C., A.D., F.B., M.A., M.M., F.F., C.V.); University of Pisa, Department of Human Morphology and Applied Biology, Italy (P.L., F.F.); Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council of Italy (IEOS-CNR), c/o Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; (C.P., V.G.); University of Salerno, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy (G.A.); University of Salerno, Medicine and Surgery, Baronissi (Salerno), Italy (G.A., P.R., A.A.P., G.M., C.V.); Hypertension Research Center and Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (D.G.C., B.T.) and Department of Translational Medical Sciences (R.I.), University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; University of Pavia, Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, Italy (A. Malovini); Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy (L.F.); Pathology Unit, "Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione Pascale," Naples, Italy (V.G.); and IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy (A.A.P., G.M.).
Claudio
C
Procaccini
From IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (A.C., A.D., F.B., M.A., M.M., F.F., C.V.); University of Pisa, Department of Human Morphology and Applied Biology, Italy (P.L., F.F.); Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council of Italy (IEOS-CNR), c/o Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; (C.P., V.G.); University of Salerno, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy (G.A.); University of Salerno, Medicine and Surgery, Baronissi (Salerno), Italy (G.A., P.R., A.A.P., G.M., C.V.); Hypertension Research Center and Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (D.G.C., B.T.) and Department of Translational Medical Sciences (R.I.), University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; University of Pavia, Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, Italy (A. Malovini); Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy (L.F.); Pathology Unit, "Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione Pascale," Naples, Italy (V.G.); and IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy (A.A.P., G.M.).
Antonio
A
Damato
From IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (A.C., A.D., F.B., M.A., M.M., F.F., C.V.); University of Pisa, Department of Human Morphology and Applied Biology, Italy (P.L., F.F.); Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council of Italy (IEOS-CNR), c/o Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; (C.P., V.G.); University of Salerno, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy (G.A.); University of Salerno, Medicine and Surgery, Baronissi (Salerno), Italy (G.A., P.R., A.A.P., G.M., C.V.); Hypertension Research Center and Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (D.G.C., B.T.) and Department of Translational Medical Sciences (R.I.), University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; University of Pavia, Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, Italy (A. Malovini); Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy (L.F.); Pathology Unit, "Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione Pascale," Naples, Italy (V.G.); and IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy (A.A.P., G.M.).
Francesca
F
Biagioni
From IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (A.C., A.D., F.B., M.A., M.M., F.F., C.V.); University of Pisa, Department of Human Morphology and Applied Biology, Italy (P.L., F.F.); Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council of Italy (IEOS-CNR), c/o Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; (C.P., V.G.); University of Salerno, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy (G.A.); University of Salerno, Medicine and Surgery, Baronissi (Salerno), Italy (G.A., P.R., A.A.P., G.M., C.V.); Hypertension Research Center and Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (D.G.C., B.T.) and Department of Translational Medical Sciences (R.I.), University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; University of Pavia, Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, Italy (A. Malovini); Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy (L.F.); Pathology Unit, "Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione Pascale," Naples, Italy (V.G.); and IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy (A.A.P., G.M.).
Mariateresa
M
Ambrosio
From IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (A.C., A.D., F.B., M.A., M.M., F.F., C.V.); University of Pisa, Department of Human Morphology and Applied Biology, Italy (P.L., F.F.); Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council of Italy (IEOS-CNR), c/o Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; (C.P., V.G.); University of Salerno, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy (G.A.); University of Salerno, Medicine and Surgery, Baronissi (Salerno), Italy (G.A., P.R., A.A.P., G.M., C.V.); Hypertension Research Center and Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (D.G.C., B.T.) and Department of Translational Medical Sciences (R.I.), University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; University of Pavia, Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, Italy (A. Malovini); Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy (L.F.); Pathology Unit, "Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione Pascale," Naples, Italy (V.G.); and IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy (A.A.P., G.M.).
Giuseppina
G
Amodio
From IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (A.C., A.D., F.B., M.A., M.M., F.F., C.V.); University of Pisa, Department of Human Morphology and Applied Biology, Italy (P.L., F.F.); Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council of Italy (IEOS-CNR), c/o Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; (C.P., V.G.); University of Salerno, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy (G.A.); University of Salerno, Medicine and Surgery, Baronissi (Salerno), Italy (G.A., P.R., A.A.P., G.M., C.V.); Hypertension Research Center and Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (D.G.C., B.T.) and Department of Translational Medical Sciences (R.I.), University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; University of Pavia, Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, Italy (A. Malovini); Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy (L.F.); Pathology Unit, "Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione Pascale," Naples, Italy (V.G.); and IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy (A.A.P., G.M.).
Paolo
P
Remondelli
From IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (A.C., A.D., F.B., M.A., M.M., F.F., C.V.); University of Pisa, Department of Human Morphology and Applied Biology, Italy (P.L., F.F.); Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council of Italy (IEOS-CNR), c/o Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; (C.P., V.G.); University of Salerno, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy (G.A.); University of Salerno, Medicine and Surgery, Baronissi (Salerno), Italy (G.A., P.R., A.A.P., G.M., C.V.); Hypertension Research Center and Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (D.G.C., B.T.) and Department of Translational Medical Sciences (R.I.), University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; University of Pavia, Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, Italy (A. Malovini); Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy (L.F.); Pathology Unit, "Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione Pascale," Naples, Italy (V.G.); and IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy (A.A.P., G.M.).
Carmine
C
Del Giudice
From IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (A.C., A.D., F.B., M.A., M.M., F.F., C.V.); University of Pisa, Department of Human Morphology and Applied Biology, Italy (P.L., F.F.); Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council of Italy (IEOS-CNR), c/o Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; (C.P., V.G.); University of Salerno, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy (G.A.); University of Salerno, Medicine and Surgery, Baronissi (Salerno), Italy (G.A., P.R., A.A.P., G.M., C.V.); Hypertension Research Center and Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (D.G.C., B.T.) and Department of Translational Medical Sciences (R.I.), University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; University of Pavia, Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, Italy (A. Malovini); Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy (L.F.); Pathology Unit, "Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione Pascale," Naples, Italy (V.G.); and IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy (A.A.P., G.M.).
Raffaele
R
Izzo
From IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (A.C., A.D., F.B., M.A., M.M., F.F., C.V.); University of Pisa, Department of Human Morphology and Applied Biology, Italy (P.L., F.F.); Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council of Italy (IEOS-CNR), c/o Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; (C.P., V.G.); University of Salerno, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy (G.A.); University of Salerno, Medicine and Surgery, Baronissi (Salerno), Italy (G.A., P.R., A.A.P., G.M., C.V.); Hypertension Research Center and Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (D.G.C., B.T.) and Department of Translational Medical Sciences (R.I.), University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; University of Pavia, Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, Italy (A. Malovini); Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy (L.F.); Pathology Unit, "Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione Pascale," Naples, Italy (V.G.); and IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy (A.A.P., G.M.).
Alberto
A
Malovini
From IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (A.C., A.D., F.B., M.A., M.M., F.F., C.V.); University of Pisa, Department of Human Morphology and Applied Biology, Italy (P.L., F.F.); Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council of Italy (IEOS-CNR), c/o Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; (C.P., V.G.); University of Salerno, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy (G.A.); University of Salerno, Medicine and Surgery, Baronissi (Salerno), Italy (G.A., P.R., A.A.P., G.M., C.V.); Hypertension Research Center and Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (D.G.C., B.T.) and Department of Translational Medical Sciences (R.I.), University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; University of Pavia, Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, Italy (A. Malovini); Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy (L.F.); Pathology Unit, "Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione Pascale," Naples, Italy (V.G.); and IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy (A.A.P., G.M.).
Luigi
L
Formisano
From IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (A.C., A.D., F.B., M.A., M.M., F.F., C.V.); University of Pisa, Department of Human Morphology and Applied Biology, Italy (P.L., F.F.); Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council of Italy (IEOS-CNR), c/o Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; (C.P., V.G.); University of Salerno, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy (G.A.); University of Salerno, Medicine and Surgery, Baronissi (Salerno), Italy (G.A., P.R., A.A.P., G.M., C.V.); Hypertension Research Center and Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (D.G.C., B.T.) and Department of Translational Medical Sciences (R.I.), University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; University of Pavia, Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, Italy (A. Malovini); Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy (L.F.); Pathology Unit, "Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione Pascale," Naples, Italy (V.G.); and IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy (A.A.P., G.M.).
Vincenzo
V
Gigantino
From IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (A.C., A.D., F.B., M.A., M.M., F.F., C.V.); University of Pisa, Department of Human Morphology and Applied Biology, Italy (P.L., F.F.); Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council of Italy (IEOS-CNR), c/o Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; (C.P., V.G.); University of Salerno, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy (G.A.); University of Salerno, Medicine and Surgery, Baronissi (Salerno), Italy (G.A., P.R., A.A.P., G.M., C.V.); Hypertension Research Center and Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (D.G.C., B.T.) and Department of Translational Medical Sciences (R.I.), University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; University of Pavia, Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, Italy (A. Malovini); Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy (L.F.); Pathology Unit, "Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione Pascale," Naples, Italy (V.G.); and IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy (A.A.P., G.M.).
Michele
M
Madonna
From IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (A.C., A.D., F.B., M.A., M.M., F.F., C.V.); University of Pisa, Department of Human Morphology and Applied Biology, Italy (P.L., F.F.); Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council of Italy (IEOS-CNR), c/o Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; (C.P., V.G.); University of Salerno, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy (G.A.); University of Salerno, Medicine and Surgery, Baronissi (Salerno), Italy (G.A., P.R., A.A.P., G.M., C.V.); Hypertension Research Center and Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (D.G.C., B.T.) and Department of Translational Medical Sciences (R.I.), University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; University of Pavia, Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, Italy (A. Malovini); Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy (L.F.); Pathology Unit, "Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione Pascale," Naples, Italy (V.G.); and IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy (A.A.P., G.M.).
Annibale A
AA
Puca
From IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (A.C., A.D., F.B., M.A., M.M., F.F., C.V.); University of Pisa, Department of Human Morphology and Applied Biology, Italy (P.L., F.F.); Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council of Italy (IEOS-CNR), c/o Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; (C.P., V.G.); University of Salerno, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy (G.A.); University of Salerno, Medicine and Surgery, Baronissi (Salerno), Italy (G.A., P.R., A.A.P., G.M., C.V.); Hypertension Research Center and Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (D.G.C., B.T.) and Department of Translational Medical Sciences (R.I.), University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; University of Pavia, Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, Italy (A. Malovini); Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy (L.F.); Pathology Unit, "Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione Pascale," Naples, Italy (V.G.); and IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy (A.A.P., G.M.).
Bruno
B
Trimarco
From IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (A.C., A.D., F.B., M.A., M.M., F.F., C.V.); University of Pisa, Department of Human Morphology and Applied Biology, Italy (P.L., F.F.); Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council of Italy (IEOS-CNR), c/o Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; (C.P., V.G.); University of Salerno, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy (G.A.); University of Salerno, Medicine and Surgery, Baronissi (Salerno), Italy (G.A., P.R., A.A.P., G.M., C.V.); Hypertension Research Center and Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (D.G.C., B.T.) and Department of Translational Medical Sciences (R.I.), University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; University of Pavia, Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, Italy (A. Malovini); Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy (L.F.); Pathology Unit, "Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione Pascale," Naples, Italy (V.G.); and IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy (A.A.P., G.M.).
Giuseppe
G
Matarese
From IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (A.C., A.D., F.B., M.A., M.M., F.F., C.V.); University of Pisa, Department of Human Morphology and Applied Biology, Italy (P.L., F.F.); Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council of Italy (IEOS-CNR), c/o Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; (C.P., V.G.); University of Salerno, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy (G.A.); University of Salerno, Medicine and Surgery, Baronissi (Salerno), Italy (G.A., P.R., A.A.P., G.M., C.V.); Hypertension Research Center and Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (D.G.C., B.T.) and Department of Translational Medical Sciences (R.I.), University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; University of Pavia, Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, Italy (A. Malovini); Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy (L.F.); Pathology Unit, "Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione Pascale," Naples, Italy (V.G.); and IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy (A.A.P., G.M.).
Francesco
F
Fornai
From IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (A.C., A.D., F.B., M.A., M.M., F.F., C.V.); University of Pisa, Department of Human Morphology and Applied Biology, Italy (P.L., F.F.); Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council of Italy (IEOS-CNR), c/o Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; (C.P., V.G.); University of Salerno, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy (G.A.); University of Salerno, Medicine and Surgery, Baronissi (Salerno), Italy (G.A., P.R., A.A.P., G.M., C.V.); Hypertension Research Center and Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (D.G.C., B.T.) and Department of Translational Medical Sciences (R.I.), University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; University of Pavia, Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, Italy (A. Malovini); Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy (L.F.); Pathology Unit, "Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione Pascale," Naples, Italy (V.G.); and IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy (A.A.P., G.M.). cvecchione@unisa.it.
Carmine
C
Vecchione
D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000502:physiology*; D051242:Caveolin 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000502:physiology*; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000172:deficiency; D000683:Serum Amyloid P-Component / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D014664:Vasodilation; D000099153:Pentraxins
D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D051242:Caveolin 1; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019007:P-Selectin; D017452:Receptors, IgG; D000683:Serum Amyloid P-Component; D000099153:Pentraxins; C495540:CAV1 protein, human
biological markers; endothelium; hypertension; nitric oxide