Do psychological states associate with pain and disability in chronic neck pain patients?
BACKGROUND
Chronic neck pain is one of the most usual neuromusculoskeletal pain conditions which can lead patients to chronic disability. Similarly to other pain conditions, the changed psychological status of these patients is believed to be associated with their pain condition and disability. However, the association between the psychological status of patients with idiopathic neck pain and their pain intensity and disability is minimally explored.


OBJECTIVE
This study was aimed at investigating the association between psychological states (anxiety, depression, kinesiophobia, catastrophizing) of patients with chronic idiopathic neck pain and self-reported pain and disability.


METHODS
Forty five patients with idiopathic chronic neck pain (more than 6 months, at least once a week) participated. Their psychological states were assessed by using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, Pain Catastrophizing scale and Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia. Self-reported disability was recorded with the Neck Disability Index. Pain intensity was recorded by using a visual analog scale.


RESULTS
Neck pain intensity was significantly correlated with anxiety (p< 0.05). Disability was significantly correlated with anxiety, depression and catastrophizing (p< 0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that pain-induced disability can be significantly predicted by anxiety and catastrophizing (p< 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
It can be concluded that anxiety, depression and catastrophizing of patients with chronic neck pain is associated with their self-reported disability, whereas anxiety is also associated with their pain intensity. Anxiety and catastrophizing may be important predicting markers of patients' self-reported disability.
Physiotherapy Department, T.E.I. of Lamia, Lamia, Greece.|Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Zacharias
Z
Dimitriadis
Physiotherapy Department, T.E.I. of Lamia, Lamia, Greece.
Eleni
E
Kapreli
Physiotherapy Department, T.E.I. of Lamia, Lamia, Greece.|Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Nikolaos
N
Strimpakos
Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Jacqueline
J
Oldham
D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D058443:Catastrophization / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
Anxiety; catastrophizing; depression; kinesiophobia; neck pain