Bridging the sanitation gap between disaster relief and development.
By interpreting disasters as opportunities to initiate the fulfilment of development needs, realise the vulnerability of the affected community and environment, and extend the legacy of relief funds and effort, this paper builds upon the concept linking relief, rehabilitation and development (LRRD) in the sanitation sector. It aims to use a composite of case studies to devise a framework for a semi-hypothetical scenario to identify critical components and generic processes for a LRRD action plan. The scenario is based on a latrine wetland sanitation system in a Muslim community. Several sub-frameworks are developed: (i) latrine design; (ii) assessment of human waste treatment; (iii) connective sanitation promotion strategy; and (iv) ecological systems and environmental services for sanitation and development. This scenario illustrates the complex issues involved in LRRD in sanitation work and provides technical notes and references for a legacy plan for disaster relief and development.
Associate Professor in the Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
Ka-Man
KM
Lai
Research assistants in the Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Claudia
C
Ramirez
Assistant Professor at the Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.
Weilong
W
Liu
Research assistants in the Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Darina
D
Kirilova
Research assistants in the Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
David
D
Vick
Research assistants in the Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Joe
J
Mari
Research assistants in the Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Rachel
R
Smith
Research assistants in the Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Ho-Yin
HY
Lam
Research assistants in the Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Afshin
A
Ostovari
Research assistants in the Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Akifumi
A
Shibakawa
Research assistants in the Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Yang
Y
Liu
Research assistants in the Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Sidharth
S
Samant
Research assistants in the Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Lucky
L
Osaro
D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D006801:Humans; D010154:Pakistan; D012066:Relief Work; D012499:Sanitation / Q000592:standards*; D014038:Toilet Facilities; D018508:Water Purification; D053833:Wetlands
development; disaster relief; latrines; sanitation; wetlands