Xenotransplantation-theological-ethical considerations in an interdisciplinary symposium.
BACKGROUND
Unlike allotransplantation, reflections on xenotransplantation are infrequent in theological literature. However, xenotransplantation poses questions specifically concerning ethical and theological aspects that are imperative to address, such as personal identity between the poles of body, soul, and mind, the relationship between humans and animals, as well as challenges regarding specific issues of medical and social ethics.


METHODS
This study summarizes the lectures of the symposium on "Xenotransplantation-a challenge to theological ethics," which took place in Munich from September 30 until October 2, 2013, and analyses the implications of xenotransplantation from the perspectives of Christian theological ethics, biblical theology, and systematic theology. Furthermore, the issue of xenotransplantation is addressed from the perspectives of Judaism and Islam. Beyond these theological deliberations, the metaphorical and religious meaning of the human heart, which may have an impact on the societal acceptability of xenotransplantation, as well as the Christian notion of compassion regarding animals, is analyzed from the perspective of historical sciences.


CONCLUSIONS
According to the perspectives of Christianity, Judaism, and Islam, there are no specifically religious fundamental and generally binding reasons to prohibit xenotransplantation as a means of treating grave and life-threatening organ insufficiencies.
Faculty of Catholic Theology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Jochen
J
Sautermeister
Faculty of Catholic Theology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Richard
R
Mathieu
Faculty of Catholic Theology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Veronika
V
Bogner
D000818:Animals; D026688:Bioethical Issues; D002835:Christianity / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D016377:Organ Transplantation / Q000941:ethics*; D012067:Religion; D012938:Social Perception; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous / Q000941:ethics*
Christian ethics; Islamic ethics; Jewish ethics; theology; xenotransplantation