Long-term effects of bisphenol AF (BPAF) on hormonal balance and genes of hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis and liver of zebrafish (Danio rerio), and the impact on offspring.
Bisphenol AF (BPAF) is one of the analogues of bisphenol A (BPA) and is widely used as a raw material in the plastics industry. The potential toxicity to fish from exposure to BPAF in the aquatic environment is largely unknown. In this study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to BPAF at 5, 25 and 125 μg L(-1), from 4 hour-post-fertilization (hpf) to 120 day-post-fertilization (dpf), representing the period from embryo to adult. The levels of plasma hormones were measured and the expression of selected representative genes along the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis and liver were examined. The concentration of 17β-estradiol (E2) was significantly increased in male and female fish and a significant decrease of testosterone (T) was observed in male fish. The mRNA expression of genes along the HPG axis and in liver tissues in F0 generation fish demonstrated that the steroid hormonal balances of zebrafish were modulated through the alteration of steroidgenesis. The significant decrease of egg fertilization among offspring indicates the possibility of sperm deterioration of parent following exposure to BPAF. The higher occurrence of malformation and lower survival rate in the offspring from the exposure group suggested a possibility of maternal transfer of BPAF, which could be responsible for the increased prevalence of adverse health signs in the offspring. The hatching delay in 5 μg L(-1) BPAF indicated that parental exposure to environmentally relevant concentration of BPAF would result in delayed hatching of the offspring. A potential consequence of adverse effects in the offspring by BPAF deserves further investigation.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Beijing 100013, China.
Jiachen
J
Shi
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Beijing 100013, China.
Zhihao
Z
Jiao
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Beijing 100013, China.
Sai
S
Zheng
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Beijing 100013, China.
Ming
M
Li
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Beijing 100013, China.
Jing
J
Zhang
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Beijing 100013, China.
Yixing
Y
Feng
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Beijing 100013, China.
Jie
J
Yin
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Beijing 100013, China. Electronic address: shaobingch@sina.com.
Bing
B
Shao
D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D004703:Endocrine System / Q000187:drug effects; D004958:Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006066:Gonads / Q000187:drug effects*; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000187:drug effects*; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D013997:Time Factors; D014819:Vitellogenins / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000378:metabolism*; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D004958:Estradiol; D010636:Phenols; D014819:Vitellogenins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C583074:bisphenol AF; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
Bisphenol AF; Hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis; Steroid hormonal balance; Steroidgenesis; Zebrafish