Low back pain functional disability in athletes; conceptualization and initial development of a questionnaire.
BACKGROUND
Low Back Pain (LBP) is one of the most prevalent causes of disability not only in the general population but also in athletes. Despite a large number of self-reported back specific disability questionnaires, there is no specific, well documented, outcome measure for athletes suffering from back pain.


OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to identify the main descriptive themes representing functional disability in athletes due to LBP.


METHODS
We conducted a qualitative study using in-depth interviews to characterize the experiences of athletes with LBP. Twenty athletes with LBP were recruited and the main descriptive elements of their LBP related disability were extracted. Then a preliminary questionnaire using these themes was proposed.


RESULTS
The main disability indicators were pain intensity; stretching exercises, strengthening exercises, sport specific skills, back range of motion (ROM), sitting, walking, sleep patterns, self-care, and recreational activities, fear of pain and avoidance behavior, and changes in sexual activity.


CONCLUSIONS
The findings of this study suggest that apart from non-sports items, some sport related items should be included in the assessment of LBP disability levels in athletes. Our results have also been organized as a preliminary LBP disability questionnaire for athletes.
Sports Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
Elham
E
Zamani
Sports Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
Ramin
R
Kordi
Sports Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran ; Noorafshar Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Hospital, Tehran, IR Iran.
Ruhollah
R
Nourian
Sports Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
Negin
N
Noorian
Sports Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
Amir Hossein
AH
Memari
Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
Mohammad
M
Shariati
Athlete; Disability; Low Back Pain; Questionnaire Design