Role of the catechol group in the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of virgin olive oil components in rat brain.
The aim of the present study was to determine the role of the catechol group in the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of minor components of virgin olive oil in rat brain tissue. Hydroxytyrosol ethyl ether (HT, 2 OH), tyrosol ethyl ether (Ty, 1 OH) and 3,4-di-ortho-methylidene-hydroxytyrosol ethyl ether (MET, no OH) were compared. Oxidative stress was induced with ferrous salts (lipid peroxidation induction), diethylmaleate (depletion of glutathione) and hypoxia-reoxygenation in brain slices. Lipid peroxidation was inhibited in direct proportion to the number of OH groups: HT>Ty>MET. Exposure to HT led to partial recovery of the glutathione system after chemical inhibition or hypoxia-reoxygenation. All three compounds inhibited cell death in hypoxia-reoxygenation experiments (HT≥Ty>MET). Peroxynitrite formation (3-nitrotyrosine) and inflammatory mediators (prostaglandin E2 and interleukin 1ß) were inhibited by all three compounds. In conclusion, the presence of OH groups in the molecule of these phenolic compounds from virgin olive oil is a determinant factor in their antioxidant effect in brain tissue, but this antioxidant effect is not the only explanation for their neuroprotective effect.
Laboratorio de Investigaciones Antitrombóticas e Isquemia Tisular (LIAIT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain.
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De La Cruz
Laboratorio de Investigaciones Antitrombóticas e Isquemia Tisular (LIAIT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain.
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MI
Ruiz-Moreno
Laboratorio de Investigaciones Antitrombóticas e Isquemia Tisular (LIAIT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain.
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Guerrero
Laboratorio de Investigaciones Antitrombóticas e Isquemia Tisular (LIAIT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain.
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JA
López-Villodres
Laboratorio de Investigaciones Antitrombóticas e Isquemia Tisular (LIAIT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain.
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Reyes
Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
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JL
Espartero
Laboratorio de Investigaciones Antitrombóticas e Isquemia Tisular (LIAIT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain.
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Labajos
Laboratorio de Investigaciones Antitrombóticas e Isquemia Tisular (LIAIT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain. Electronic address: correa@uma.es.
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JA
González-Correa
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002396:Catechols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015538:Nitrosation; D000069463:Olive Oil / Q000737:chemistry*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
D002396:Catechols; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D000069463:Olive Oil; C034221:catechol
Hydroxytyrosol; Interleukins; Neuroprotection; Nitric oxide; Oxidative stress; Virgin olive oil