The role of checkpoints in the treatment of GBM.
Targeted immunotherapy is founded on the principle that augmentation of effector T cell activity in the tumor microenvironment can translate to tumor regression. Targeted checkpoint inhibitors in the form of agonist or antagonist monoclonal antibodies have come to the fore as a promising strategy to activate systemic immunity and enhance T cell activity by blocking negative signals, enhancing positive signals, or altering the cytokine milieu. This review will examine several immune checkpoints and checkpoint modulators that play a role in cancer pathogenesis, with an emphasis on malignant gliomas.
Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Jennifer E
JE
Kim
Michael
M
Lim
D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000502:physiology*; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology