Effect of tobacco, alcohol, and smoking habits in oral precancer with histological proven epithelial dysplasia.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the effect of risk factors tobacco, alcohol, and smoking habits in oral precancer patients with epithelial dysplasia status.


METHODS
The study sample included biopsy proven cases of 29 oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and 43 cases of clinical leukoplakia. Histopathological diagnosis was made from formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues as per WHO criteria. The relevant clinical and demographic details were recorded after interviewing the patients. Risk for tobacco, alcohol and smoking was determined by logistic regression analysis by SPSS software.


RESULTS
Presence of epithelial dysplasia was significantly associated with tobacco in OSMF & both tobacco and smoking habits in leukoplakia. In OSMF tobacco was associated with 14.16-fold (95% CI, 1.36-147.07; p < 0.026) and in leukoplakia tobacco was associated with 4.66-fold (95% CI, 1.00-21.63; p < 0.047) and smoking was associated with 9.20-fold (95% CI, 1.65-51.28; p < 0.011) increased risk of epithelial dysplasia.


CONCLUSIONS
Tobacco consumption was independent risk factor for epithelial dysplasia in OSMF and both tobacco and cigarette smoking were independent factors for epithelial dysplasia in leukoplakia.
PhD Scholar, Department of Pathology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Seema
S
Nayak
PhD Scholar, Department of Pathology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Saumya
S
Chandra
Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Divya
D
Mehrotra
PhD Scholar, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Sumit
S
Kumar
Professor and Head, Department of Otolaryngology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India.
S P
SP
Agrawal
Director, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal 462026, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Sandeep
S
Kumar
Professor, Department of Pathology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Madhu Mati
MM
Goel
Epithelial dysplasia; Leukoplakia; OSMF; Oral precancer; Tobacco