Determining the prevalence of McArdle disease from gene frequency by analysis of next-generation sequencing data.
OBJECTIVE
McArdle disease is one of the most common glycogen storage disorders. Although the exact prevalence is not known, it has been estimated to be 1 in 100,000 patients in the United States. More than 100 mutations in PYGM have been associated with this disorder. McArdle disease has significant clinical variability: Some patients present with severe muscle pain and weakness; others have only mild, exercise-related symptoms.


METHODS
Next-generation sequencing data allow estimation of disease prevalence with minimal ascertainment bias. We analyzed gene frequencies in two cohorts of patients based on exome sequencing results. We categorized variants into three groups: a curated set of published mutations, variants of uncertain significance, and likely benign variants.


RESULTS
An initial estimate based on the frequency of six common mutations predicts a disease prevalence of 1/7,650 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1/5,362-1/11,108), which greatly deviates from published estimates. A second method using the two most common mutations predicts a prevalence of 1/42,355 (95% CI 1/24,536-1/76,310) in Caucasians.


CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that the currently accepted prevalence of McArdle disease is an underestimate and that some of the currently considered pathogenic variants are likely benign.
National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Mauricio
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2004-904X
M
De Castro
National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Jennifer
J
Johnston
National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Leslie
L
Biesecker
D005787:Gene Frequency; D006012:Glycogen Storage Disease Type V / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D015995:Prevalence; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D044465:White People