Ultrasonography of various thyroid diseases in children and adolescents: a pictorial essay.
Thyroid imaging is indicated to evaluate congenital hypothyroidism during newborn screening or in cases of a palpable thyroid mass in children and adolescents. This pictorial essay reviews the ultrasonography (US) of thyroid diseases in children and adolescents, including normal thyroid gland development, imaging features of congenital thyroid disorders (dysgenesis, [aplasia, ectopy, hypoplasia], dyshormonogenesis, transient hypothyroidism, thyroglossal duct cyst), diffuse thyroid disease (Grave's disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and suppurative thyroiditis), and thyroid nodules. The primary imaging modalities for evaluating thyroid diseases are US and radionuclide scintigraphy. Additionally, US can be used to guide aspiration of detected nodules.
Department of Radiology, Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon 420-767, Korea.
Hyun Sook
HS
Hong
Department of Radiology, Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon 420-767, Korea.
Eun Hye
EH
Lee
Department of Radiology, Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon 420-767, Korea.
Sun Hye
SH
Jeong
Department of Radiology, Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon 420-767, Korea.
Jisang
J
Park
Department of Radiology, Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon 420-767, Korea.
Heon
H
Lee
D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003409:Congenital Hypothyroidism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D050031:Hashimoto Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D050033:Thyroid Dysgenesis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016606:Thyroid Nodule / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology; D013966:Thyroiditis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography
Children; Congenital hypothyroidism; Diffuse thyroid disease; Nodule; Thyroid disease; Ultrasonography