Targeting the androgen receptor in prostate and breast cancer: several new agents in development.
Prostate cancer (PCa) and breast cancer (BCa) share similarities as hormone-sensitive cancers with a wide heterogeneity of both phenotype and biology. The androgen receptor (AR) is a hormone receptor involved in both benign and malignant processes. Targeting androgen synthesis and the AR pathway has been and remains central to PCa therapy. Recently, there has been increased interest in the role of the AR in BCa development and growth, with results indicating AR co-expression with estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor receptors, across all intrinsic subtypes of BCa. Targeting the AR axis is an evolving field with novel therapies in development which may ultimately be applicable to both tumor types. In this review, we offer an overview of available agents which target the AR axis in both PCa and BCa and provide insights into the novel drugs in development for targeting this signaling pathway.
Breast Medicine ServiceDepartment of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 East 66th Street, New York, New York 10065, USAGenitourinary Oncology ServiceDepartment of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USAWeill Cornell Medical College1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA.
Tracy
T
Proverbs-Singh
Breast Medicine ServiceDepartment of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 East 66th Street, New York, New York 10065, USAGenitourinary Oncology ServiceDepartment of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USAWeill Cornell Medical College1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA.
Jarett L
JL
Feldman
Breast Medicine ServiceDepartment of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 East 66th Street, New York, New York 10065, USAGenitourinary Oncology ServiceDepartment of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USAWeill Cornell Medical College1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA Breast Medicine ServiceDepartment of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 East 66th Street, New York, New York 10065, USAGenitourinary Oncology ServiceDepartment of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USAWeill Cornell Medical College1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA.
Michael J
MJ
Morris
Breast Medicine ServiceDepartment of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 East 66th Street, New York, New York 10065, USAGenitourinary Oncology ServiceDepartment of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USAWeill Cornell Medical College1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA Breast Medicine ServiceDepartment of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 East 66th Street, New York, New York 10065, USAGenitourinary Oncology ServiceDepartment of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USAWeill Cornell Medical College1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA.
Karen A
KA
Autio
Breast Medicine ServiceDepartment of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 East 66th Street, New York, New York 10065, USAGenitourinary Oncology ServiceDepartment of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USAWeill Cornell Medical College1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA Breast Medicine ServiceDepartment of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 East 66th Street, New York, New York 10065, USAGenitourinary Oncology ServiceDepartment of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USAWeill Cornell Medical College1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA trainat@mskcc.org.
Tiffany A
TA
Traina
D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D064129:Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
C410798:AR protein, human; D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011944:Receptors, Androgen
androgen receptor; breast cancer; hormone receptor; prostate cancer