The concept of temporal 'plus' epilepsy.
The concept of temporal 'plus' epilepsy (T+E) is not new, and a number of observations made by means of intracerebral electrodes have illustrated the complexity of neuronal circuits that involve the temporal lobe. The term T+E was used to unify and better individualize these specific forms of multilobar epilepsies, which are characterized by electroclinical features primarily suggestive of temporal lobe epilepsy, MRI findings that are either unremarkable or show signs of hippocampal sclerosis, and intracranial recordings which demonstrate that seizures arise from a complex epileptogenic network including a combination of brain regions located within the temporal lobe and over closed neighbouring structures such as the orbitofrontal cortex, the insulo-opercular region, and the temporo-parieto-occipital junction. We will review here how the term of T+E has emerged, what it means, and which practical consideration it raises.
GIN, Inserm, U836, chemin Fortuné-Ferrini, 38700 La Tronche, France; University Grenoble-Alpes, université Joseph-Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France; Épilepsie et malaises neurologiques, neurology department, hôpital Michallon, CHU de Grenoble, boulevard de la Chantourne, 38700 La Tronche, France. Electronic address: philippe.kahane@ujf-grenoble.fr.
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Kahane
Child Neurology Unit, Pediatric Hospital "Meyer", 24, viale Gaetano Pieraccini, 50141 Firenze, Italy.
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Barba
Department of functional neurology and epilepstology, hospices civils de Lyon, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69003 Lyon, France; Research neuroscience center of Lyon, centre hospitalier Le-Vinatier, 95, boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France.
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Rheims
GIN, Inserm, U836, chemin Fortuné-Ferrini, 38700 La Tronche, France; University Grenoble-Alpes, université Joseph-Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France; Épilepsie et malaises neurologiques, neurology department, hôpital Michallon, CHU de Grenoble, boulevard de la Chantourne, 38700 La Tronche, France.
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Job-Chapron
GIN, Inserm, U836, chemin Fortuné-Ferrini, 38700 La Tronche, France; Épilepsie et malaises neurologiques, neurology department, hôpital Michallon, CHU de Grenoble, boulevard de la Chantourne, 38700 La Tronche, France.
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Minotti
Department of functional neurology and epilepstology, hospices civils de Lyon, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69003 Lyon, France; Research neuroscience center of Lyon, centre hospitalier Le-Vinatier, 95, boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France; Department of clinical neurosciences, CHU Vaudois, 46, rue du Bugnon, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Ryvlin
D004569:Electroencephalography; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D012598:Sclerosis
Chirurgie de l’épilepsie; Epilepsy surgery; SEEG; Temporal lobe epilepsy; Temporal plus epilepsy; Épilepsie temporale; Épilepsie temporale plus