Modeling the effect of reflective calf hutch covers on reducing heat loss.
This study determined if a reflective film could theoretically be useful in moderating the rate of heat loss from calves housed in polyethylene hutches during cold weather. An engineering approach was used in which rate of heat loss was modeled using 38-l steel drums filled with body temperature water and covered by fresh calf hide. The reflective film (cover) consisted of aluminized 0.0635 mm low-density olive color polyethylene. The non-reflective olive side was sprayed with flat black paint. Covers were 1.8 × 3 m with the aluminized side facing the hutch. Two of four hutches were either uncovered or had covers across the top and sides. During the night, (mean temperature ± SE -13.6 ± 0.29 °C), the rate of temperature loss was -0.21 °C per 5-min interval over 28 temperature readings in the covered and -0.25 °C in the uncovered (R (2) = 0.99). During the daytime (mean ± SE 14.3 ± 0.52 °C), rate of heat loss was -0.15 °C per 5-min interval over 33 temperature readings in the covered and -0.11 °C in the uncovered (R (2) = 0.99). Reflective film reduced the rate of heat loss during cold nights, but when the sun was shining on the hutches during midday, the uncovered hutches warmed up more and, hence, reduced the rate of heat loss when compared to the covered. Further research is needed on the orientation of hutches in relationship to the sun and with live calves because calves would be able to move into the sun during cold sunny days.
Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, 2471 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, 2471 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA. t-friend@tamu.edu.
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D000818:Animals; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation; D002417:Cattle; D006799:Housing, Animal; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D020959:Polyethylene; D013472:Sunlight; D013696:Temperature
D020959:Polyethylene
Calf; Cold stress; Hutch