Volumetric analysis of remodelling pattern after ridge preservation comparing use of two types of xenografts. A multicentre randomized clinical trial.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to analyse and compare the volumetric changes after ridge preservation procedures using two different biomaterials and to evaluate associations between outcome variables and pristine three-dimensional aspects of the ridges.


METHODS
Twenty-eight patients subjected to single-tooth alveolar ridge preservation were enrolled in the present multicentre, single-blind, prospective and randomized clinical trial. Fourteen sites were randomly allocated to each experimental group. The experimental sites were grafted with pre-hydrated collagenated cortico-cancellous porcine bone (coll group) or with a cortical porcine bone (cort group) and a collagen membrane; a secondary soft tissue healing was obtained for all experimental sites. Plaster casts were scanned (preoperative, at 1 and 3 months postoperative). Analysis of volumes and areas was performed, and all measured variables were statistically compared.


RESULTS
Intragroup analyses at 3 months revealed that when examining changes related to three-dimensional features of remodelling patterns (volume, surfaces, height and shape), the two biomaterials showed similar behaviours with a minor loss in volume and ridge surface. Intergroup analysis at 3-month survey revealed that volume resorption of the coll group (244 mm3) was significantly lower (P = 0.0140) than that of the cort group (349 mm3). The reduction for basal surface appeared significantly different between the two groups at 1-month survey only (P = 0.0137), while the final basal surface reduction was 4.9 and 12.2 mm2for coll and cort group, respectively. The superior surface reduction was 40.8 mm2for coll and 50.7 mm2for cort group, with no significant difference between the two groups.


CONCLUSIONS
At the 3rd month analysis, coll group showed a significantly lower reduction of ridge volume and a significantly smaller shrinkage of the basal area when compared to the cort group; moreover, the coll group experienced a smaller superior surface shrinkage when compared to the cort group, even though no significance was evaluated.
Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. barosurg@gmail.com.|Tuscan Stomatologic Institute, Versilia General Hospital, Lido di Camaiore (LU), Italy. barosurg@gmail.com.
Antonio
A
Barone
Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.|Tuscan Stomatologic Institute, Versilia General Hospital, Lido di Camaiore (LU), Italy.
Paolo
P
Toti
Department of Odontology and Specialized Clinical Sciences (DISCO), Marche Polytechnic University, Torrette di Ancona, Italy.
Alessandro
A
Quaranta
Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.|Tuscan Stomatologic Institute, Versilia General Hospital, Lido di Camaiore (LU), Italy.
Fortunato
F
Alfonsi
Department of Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Alessandro
A
Cucchi
Department of Implantology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
Jose L
JL
Calvo-Guirado
Department of Implantology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
Bruno
B
Negri
Private Practice, Ascoli Piceno, Italy.
Roberto
R
Di Felice
Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.|Tuscan Stomatologic Institute, Versilia General Hospital, Lido di Camaiore (LU), Italy.
Ugo
U
Covani
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology*; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D003094:Collagen; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D005260:Female; D064593:Heterografts; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013552:Swine; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*
C106416:Bio-Gide; D003094:Collagen
alveolar bone loss; alveoloplasty; bone remodelling; heterografts; tooth sockets