Physical activity and all-cause mortality across levels of overall and abdominal adiposity in European men and women: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Study (EPIC).
BACKGROUND
The higher risk of death resulting from excess adiposity may be attenuated by physical activity (PA). However, the theoretical number of deaths reduced by eliminating physical inactivity compared with overall and abdominal obesity remains unclear.


OBJECTIVE
We examined whether overall and abdominal adiposity modified the association between PA and all-cause mortality and estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) and the years of life gained for these exposures.


METHODS
This was a cohort study in 334,161 European men and women. The mean follow-up time was 12.4 y, corresponding to 4,154,915 person-years. Height, weight, and waist circumference (WC) were measured in the clinic. PA was assessed with a validated self-report instrument. The combined associations between PA, BMI, and WC with mortality were examined with Cox proportional hazards models, stratified by center and age group, and adjusted for sex, education, smoking, and alcohol intake. Center-specific PAF associated with inactivity, body mass index (BMI; in kg/m²) (>30), and WC (≥102 cm for men, ≥88 cm for women) were calculated and combined in random-effects meta-analysis. Life-tables analyses were used to estimate gains in life expectancy for the exposures.


RESULTS
Significant interactions (PA × BMI and PA × WC) were observed, so HRs were estimated within BMI and WC strata. The hazards of all-cause mortality were reduced by 16-30% in moderately inactive individuals compared with those categorized as inactive in different strata of BMI and WC. Avoiding all inactivity would theoretically reduce all-cause mortality by 7.35% (95% CI: 5.88%, 8.83%). Corresponding estimates for avoiding obesity (BMI >30) were 3.66% (95% CI: 2.30%, 5.01%). The estimates for avoiding high WC were similar to those for physical inactivity.


CONCLUSIONS
The greatest reductions in mortality risk were observed between the 2 lowest activity groups across levels of general and abdominal adiposity, which suggests that efforts to encourage even small increases in activity in inactive individuals may be beneficial to public health.
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Ulf
U
Ekelund
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Heather A
HA
Ward
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Teresa
T
Norat
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Jian'an
J
Luan
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Anne M
AM
May
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Elisabete
E
Weiderpass
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Stephen J
SJ
Sharp
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Kim
K
Overvad
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Jane Nautrup
JN
Østergaard
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Anne
A
Tjønneland
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Nina Føns
NF
Johnsen
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Sylvie
S
Mesrine
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Agnès
A
Fournier
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Guy
G
Fagherazzi
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Antonia
A
Trichopoulou
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Pagona
P
Lagiou
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Dimitrios
D
Trichopoulos
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Kuanrong
K
Li
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Rudolf
R
Kaaks
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Pietro
P
Ferrari
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Idlir
I
Licaj
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Mazda
M
Jenab
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Manuela
M
Bergmann
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Heiner
H
Boeing
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Domenico
D
Palli
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Sabina
S
Sieri
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Salvatore
S
Panico
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Rosario
R
Tumino
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Paolo
P
Vineis
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Petra H
PH
Peeters
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Evelyn
E
Monnikhof
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
H Bas
HB
Bueno-de-Mesquita
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
J Ramón
JR
Quirós
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Antonio
A
Agudo
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
María-José
MJ
Sánchez
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
José María
JM
Huerta
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Eva
E
Ardanaz
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Larraitz
L
Arriola
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Bo
B
Hedblad
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Elisabet
E
Wirfält
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Malin
M
Sund
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Mattias
M
Johansson
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Timothy J
TJ
Key
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Ruth C
RC
Travis
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Kay-Tee
KT
Khaw
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Søren
S
Brage
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Nicholas J
NJ
Wareham
From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UE, JL, SJS, SB, and NJW); the Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (UE); Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (HAW, TN, PV, HBB-d-M, and ER; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands (AMM, PHP, and EM); the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (EW); the Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (EW); the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (EW); Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland (EW); the Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO and JNØ); the Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO and JNØ); Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (A Tjønneland and NFJ); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); the Univeristy of Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); IGR, Villejuif, France (SM, AF, and GF); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (A Trichopoulou and PL); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece (A Trichopoulou and DT); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PL and DT); the Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (PL and DT); the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (KL and RK); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (PF, IL, and MJ); the Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut fü
Elio
E
Riboli
D050153:Abdominal Fat / Q000473:pathology*; D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D009043:Motor Activity; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D057566:Self Report; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D055105:Waist Circumference
cohort study; epidemiology; exercise; mortality; obesity; physical activity; population attributable fraction