Real-time imaging of mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide and pH fluctuations in living cells using a fluorescent nanosensor.
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pH fluctuations are closely correlated with mitochondrial dysfunctions, which are implicated in various human diseases including neurodegenerative disorders and cancers. Simultaneously monitoring the changes of ROS and pH of mitochondria remains a major challenge in the mitochondrial biology. In this study, we develop a novel mitochondria-targeted fluorescent nanosensor for real-time imaging of the fluctuations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and pH in living cells. The fluorescence probes for detecting pH and H2O2 were loaded in the small-sized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN). Then the polyethylenimine was attached to cap the pores of MSN, the triphenylphosphonium was further modified to target mitochondria in living cells. Confocal fluorescence imaging indicated that the nanosensor could effectively target mitochondria and successfully achieved real-time imaging of mitochondrial H2O2 and pH fluctuations in living cells. Notably, this is a single nanosensing system that is capable of visualizing multiple subcellular analytes at the same time and position by multicolor fluorescence imaging. The current approach can provide a promising tool to investigate the interplaying roles of various subcellular analytes in living cells.
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
Limin
L
Yang
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
Na
N
Li
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
Wei
W
Pan
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
Zhengze
Z
Yu
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
Bo
B
Tang
D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019793:Fluorescein / Q000737:chemistry*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000032:analysis*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D061848:Optical Imaging; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*
D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D019793:Fluorescein