Mycotoxin production in liquid culture and on plants infected with Alternaria spp. isolated from rocket and cabbage.
Fungi belonging to the genus Alternaria are common pathogens of fruit and vegetables with some species able to produce secondary metabolites dangerous to human health. Twenty-eight Alternaria isolates from rocket and cabbage were investigated for their mycotoxin production. Five different Alternaria toxins were extracted from synthetic liquid media and from plant material (cabbage, cultivated rocket, cauliflower). A modified Czapek-Dox medium was used for the in vitro assay. Under these conditions, more than 80% of the isolates showed the ability to produce at least one mycotoxin, generally with higher levels for tenuazonic acid. However, the same isolates analyzed in vivo seemed to lose their ability to produce tenuazonic acid. For the other mycotoxins; alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether, altenuene and tentoxin a good correlation between in vitro and in vivo production was observed. In vitro assay is a useful tool to predict the possible mycotoxin contamination under field and greenhouse conditions.
Agroinnova-Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-Environmental Sector, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Turin 10095, Italy. ilenia.siciliano@unito.it.
Ilenia
I
Siciliano
Agroinnova-Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-Environmental Sector, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Turin 10095, Italy. giuseppe.ortu@unito.it.
Giuseppe
G
Ortu
Agroinnova-Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-Environmental Sector, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Turin 10095, Italy. giovanna.gilardi@unito.it.
Giovanna
G
Gilardi
Agroinnova-Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-Environmental Sector, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Turin 10095, Italy. marialodovica.gullino@unito.it.|DISAFA-Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Turin 10095, Italy. marialodovica.gullino@unito.it.
Maria Lodovica
ML
Gullino
Agroinnova-Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-Environmental Sector, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Turin 10095, Italy. angelo.garibaldi@unito.it.
Angelo
A
Garibaldi
D000528:Alternaria / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001937:Brassica / Q000382:microbiology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D005516:Food Microbiology; D007783:Lactones / Q000737:chemistry; D057230:Limit of Detection; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D013720:Tenuazonic Acid / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014675:Vegetables / Q000382:microbiology
D007783:Lactones; D009183:Mycotoxins; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; C040005:altenuene; D013720:Tenuazonic Acid; C003384:tentoxin; C005197:alternariol; C018206:alternariol monomethyl ether