Start-up and maturation phases of a full-scale, high-rate anaerobic pond bioreactor(®) plus improved facultative ponds to treat municipal wastewater.
Results of the start-up and maturation phases of a full-scale, high-rate anaerobic pond bioreactor (HRAPB)(®) plus improved facultative ponds (IFPs) to treat municipal wastewater are presented (CODt: 759 mg L⁻¹, CODf: 219 mg L⁻¹, S-SO(4)(2-): 102 mg L⁻¹, and Cr⁺: 1,500 μgL⁻¹). The start-up of the HRAPB(®) comprised, first, the application of a selective pressure increasing up-flow velocity rates. Second, batch stages between successive rates were allowed until 70% of the initial CODf was removed. The IFPs were left in batch and ended when in-pond Chlorophyll-a concentration reached 800 μgL⁻¹. Subsequently, the system underwent gradual maturation and reached effluent concentrations of CODt: 223 mg L⁻¹, CODf: 50 mg L⁻¹, and Cr⁺: 60 μgL⁻¹. The actual efficiency of the system compared with the expected design efficiency was lower given the characteristics of the influent wastewater biochemical oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand ratios < 0.4, presence of Cr⁺ >1,000 μgL⁻¹, and variations in both conductivity (500-4,500 μScm⁻¹) and pH (6.5-10.5 units). Nonetheless, the system exhibited an adaptation state in less than 1.5 months and yielded an ST/SV ratio of 0.46, and specific methanogenic activity of 0.43 g-CH4-CODg⁻¹SV⁻¹d⁻¹ for HRAPB(®); the in-pond Chlorophyll-a was on average 1,200 μgL⁻¹ in the IFPs, which demonstrated the robustness of these eco-technologies in tropical conditions.
Universidad del Valle, Environmental Sanitation Research Group at Cinara Institute, A.A. 25157 Cali, Colombia E-mail: miguel.pena@correounivalle.edu.co.
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Universidad del Valle, Environmental Sanitation Research Group at Cinara Institute, A.A. 25157 Cali, Colombia E-mail: miguel.pena@correounivalle.edu.co.
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Universidad del Valle, Environmental Sanitation Research Group at Cinara Institute, A.A. 25157 Cali, Colombia E-mail: miguel.pena@correounivalle.edu.co.
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D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D019149:Bioreactors; D002947:Cities; D061005:Ponds; D064091:Waste Disposal Facilities; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*
D062065:Wastewater