Constitutive cylindrospermopsin pool size in Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii under different light and CO2 partial pressure conditions.
Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) and 7-deoxy-cylindrospermopsin (dCYN) are potent hepatotoxic alkaloids produced by numerous species of cyanobacteria, including the freshwater Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii. C. raciborskii is an invasive cyanobacterium, and the study of how environmental parameters drive CYN production has received significant interest from water managers and health authorities. Light and CO2 affect cell growth and physiology in photoautotrophs, and these are potential regulators of cyanotoxin biosynthesis. In this study, we investigated how light and CO2 affect CYN and dCYN pool size as well as the expression of the key genes, cyrA and cyrK, involved in CYN biosynthesis in a toxic C. raciborskii strain. For cells growing at different light intensities (10 and 100 μmol photons m(-2) s(-1)), we observed that the rate of CYN pool size production (μCYN) was coupled to the cell division rate (μc) during batch culture. This indicated that CYN pool size under our experimental conditions is constant and cell quotas of CYN (QCYN) and dCYN (QdCYN) are fixed. Moreover, a lack of correlation between expression of cyrA and total CYN cell quotas (QCYNs) suggests that the CYN biosynthesis is regulated posttranscriptionally. Under elevated CO2 (1,300 ppm), we observed minor effects on QCYN and no effects on expression of cyrA and cyrK. We conclude that the CYN pool size is constitutive and not affected by light and CO2 conditions. Thus, C. raciborskii bloom toxicity is determined by the absolute abundance of C. raciborskii cells within the water column and the relative abundance of toxic and nontoxic strains.
School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Mattia
M
Pierangelini
School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Rati
R
Sinha
Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia.
Anusuya
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0829-7446
A
Willis
Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia.
Michele A
MA
Burford
School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia Seqwater, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Philip T
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-2531
PT
Orr
School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia john.beardall@monash.edu.
John
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7684-446X
J
Beardall
School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Brett A
BA
Neilan
D000470:Alkaloids; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; D046891:Cylindrospermopsis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000528:radiation effects; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D008027:Light; D010313:Partial Pressure; D014498:Uracil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D014871:Water Microbiology
D000470:Alkaloids; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; C089595:cylindrospermopsin; D014498:Uracil