The effect of six months of elastic band resistance training, nutritional supplementation or cognitive training on chromosomal damage in institutionalized elderly.
Increased DNA and chromosomal damage are linked to aging and age-related diseases like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes or cancer. Physical activity and an optimal status of micro- and macronutrients are known to reduce the incidence of MN, a marker for chromosomal instability and mutagenicity. Once older people reach a certain age they change from a home-living situation to an institutionalized situation, which is often accompanied by malnutrition, depression and inactivity. We conducted the current study to investigate the effect of a six month progressive resistance training (RT), with or without protein and vitamin supplementation (RTS) or cognitive training (CT) only, on chromosomal damage measured by the cytokinesis block micronucleus cytome assay in 97 Austrian institutionalized women and men (65-98years). All three intervention groups demonstrated a tendency of a reduced frequency of cells with MN (-15%) as well as for the total number of MN (-20%), however no significant time-effect was observed. Besides a significant increase in plasma B12 and red blood cell folate status, the six month change of B12 was negatively correlated with the six month change of the MN frequency in the RTS group (r=-0.584, p=0.009). Our results suggest that in this age group either physical or cognitive training may result in similar biochemical changes and therefore enhance resistance against genomic instability. Supplementation with the vitamins B12 and folic acid could contribute to reduced chromosomal damage in institutionalized elderly.
University of Vienna, Research Platform Active Ageing, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Bernhard
B
Franzke
University of Vienna, Research Platform Active Ageing, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Barbara
B
Halper
University of Vienna, Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, Department of Sport and Exercise Physiology, Auf der Schmelz 6, 1150 Vienna, Austria.
Marlene
M
Hofmann
University of Vienna, Research Platform Active Ageing, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Stefan
S
Oesen
University of Vienna, Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Béatrice
B
Pierson
University of Vienna, Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Ariane
A
Cremer
University of Vienna, Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Evelyn
E
Bacher
University of Vienna, Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Birgit
B
Fuchs
University of Vienna, Institute for Statistics and Operations Research, Grillparzerstraße 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
Andreas
A
Baierl
University of Vienna, Research Platform Active Ageing, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Anela
A
Tosevska
Karl Landsteiner Institute for Remobilization and Functional Health/Institute for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaiser Franz Joseph Spital, SMZ-Süd, Kundratstraße 3, 1100 Vienna, Austria.
Eva-Maria
EM
Strasser
University of Vienna, Research Platform Active Ageing, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; University of Vienna, Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, Department of Sport and Exercise Physiology, Auf der Schmelz 6, 1150 Vienna, Austria.
Barbara
B
Wessner
University of Vienna, Research Platform Active Ageing, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; University of Vienna, Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: karl-heinz.wagner@univie.ac.at.
Karl-Heinz
KH
Wagner
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D043171:Chromosomal Instability / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D058128:Compression Bandages; D004035:Diet Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods; D006707:Homes for the Aged; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009735:Nursing Homes; D009753:Nutritive Value; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage*
D014815:Vitamins
Aging; Chromosomal damage; DNA damage; Exercise; Training; VAAS