The European race of Gremmeniella abietina hosts a single species of Gammapartitivirus showing a global distribution and possible recombinant events in its history.
The population genetics of the family Partitiviridae was studied within the European race of the conifer pathogen Gremmeniella abietina. One hundred sixty-two isolates were collected from different countries, including Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, Italy, Montenegro, Serbia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey and the United States. A unique species of G. abietina RNA virus-MS1 (GaRV-MS1) appears to occur indistinctly in G. abietina biotypes A and B, without a particular geographical distribution pattern. Forty-six isolates were shown to host GaRV-MS1 according to direct specific RT-PCR screening, and the virus was more common in biotype A than B. Phylogenetic analysis based on 46 partial coat protein (CP) cDNA sequences divided the GaRV-MS1 population into two closely related clades, while RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) sequences revealed only one clade. The evolution of the virus appears to mainly occur through purifying selection but also through recombination. Recombination events were detected within alignments of the three complete CP and RdRp sequences of GaRV-MS1. This is the first time that recombination events have been directly identified in fungal partitiviruses and in G. abietina in particular. The results suggest that the population dynamics of GaRV-MS1 do not have a direct impact on the genetic structure of its host, G. abietina, though they might have had an innocuous ancestral relationship.
Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic. Electronic address: leticia.sanchez@mendelu.cz.
Leticia
L
Botella
Finnish Forest Research Institute, Vantaa Research Unit, PO Box 18, 01301 Vantaa, Finland.
Tero T
TT
Tuomivirta
Finnish Forest Research Institute, Vantaa Research Unit, PO Box 18, 01301 Vantaa, Finland.
Jarkko
J
Hantula
Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid - INIA, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34071 Palencia, Spain.
Julio J
JJ
Diez
Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic.
Libor
L
Jankovsky
D001203:Ascomycota / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000821:virology*; D002170:Canada; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005060:Europe; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005838:Genotype; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012328:RNA Viruses / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017385:Sequence Homology; D014481:United States
D012367:RNA, Viral
Biotype; Brunchorstia pinea; Conifers; Evolutio; Mycoviruses; Partitiviridae