A retrospective analysis of allergic reaction severities and minimal eliciting doses for peanut, milk, egg, and soy oral food challenges.
Food allergy is a public health concern, affecting up to 6% of children and 2% of adults. The severity of allergic reactions can range from mild to potentially life-threatening. In addition, the minimum amount of protein needed to provoke an allergic reaction in an individual patient (the minimal eliciting dose (MED)) ranges from a few micrograms to several grams. To determine whether a retrospective analysis of published data from oral food challenges could be used to assess the potential relationship between MEDs and reaction severities at the MEDs, a three class (mild, moderate, severe) reaction grading system was developed by integrating previously published reaction grading systems. MEDs and symptoms were collected from food challenge studies and each reaction was graded using the integrated grading system. Peanut allergic patients who experienced severe reactions had significantly higher MEDs and threshold distribution doses than those who experienced mild and moderate reactions. No significant differences in threshold distributions according to the severity grading were found for milk, egg and soy. The relationship between threshold dose distribution and reaction severity based on these grading criteria differed between peanut and other allergens, and severe reactions were found to occur in some patients at low MEDs for all of these food allergens.
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA.
Jianmei
J
Zhu
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA.
Régis
R
Pouillot
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA.
Ernest K
EK
Kwegyir-Afful
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA.
Stefano
S
Luccioli
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA. Electronic address: steven.gendel@fda.hhs.gov.
Steven M
SM
Gendel
D000485:Allergens / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D021181:Egg Hypersensitivity; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D016269:Milk Hypersensitivity; D021183:Peanut Hypersensitivity; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D045730:Soy Foods
D000485:Allergens
Eliciting dose; Food allergen; Oral food challenges; Reaction severity