The first evidence of deinoxanthin from Deinococcus sp. Y35 with strong algicidal effect on the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense.
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) could be deemed hazardous materials in aquatic environment. Alexandrium tamarense is a toxic HAB causing alga, which causes serious economic losses and health problems. In this study, the bacterium Deinococcus xianganensis Y35 produced a new algicide, showing a high algicidal effect on A. tamarense. The algicidal compound was identified as deinoxanthin, a red pigment, based on high resolution mass spectrometry and NMR after the active compound was isolated and purified. Deinoxanthin exhibited an obvious inhibitory effect on algal growth, and showed algicidal activity against A. tamarense with an EC50 of 5.636 μg/mL with 12h treatment time. Based on the unique structure and characteristics of deinoxanthin, the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased after 0.5h exposure, the structure of organelles including chloroplasts and mitochondria were seriously damaged. All these results firstly confirmed that deinoxanthin as the efficient and eco-environmental algicidal compound has potential to be used for controlling harmful algal blooms through overproduction of ROS.
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Key Laboratory of MOE for Coast and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. Electronic address: liyixiamen@gmail.com.
Yi
Y
Li
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Key Laboratory of MOE for Coast and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. Electronic address: zjjzhzjjzh@163.com.
Hong
H
Zhu
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Key Laboratory of MOE for Coast and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. Electronic address: xueqianlei@126.com.
Xueqian
X
Lei
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Key Laboratory of MOE for Coast and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. Electronic address: zhj308@163.com.
Huajun
H
Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Key Laboratory of MOE for Coast and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. Electronic address: guan-chw@163.com.
Chengwei
C
Guan
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Key Laboratory of MOE for Coast and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. Electronic address: zhangran22105@163.com.
Zhangran
Z
Chen
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Key Laboratory of MOE for Coast and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. Electronic address: jedi@xmu.edu.cn.
Wei
W
Zheng
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Key Laboratory of MOE for Coast and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. Electronic address: hxu@xmu.edu.cn.
Hong
H
Xu
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Key Laboratory of MOE for Coast and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. Electronic address: tianyun@xmu.edu.cn.
Yun
Y
Tian
Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China. Electronic address: zyu@ms.qdiao.ac.cn.
Zhiming
Z
Yu
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Key Laboratory of MOE for Coast and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. Electronic address: wshwzh@xmu.edu.
Tianling
T
Zheng
D002338:Carotenoids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D034301:Deinococcus / Q000737:chemistry*; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000187:drug effects*; D057097:Harmful Algal Bloom / Q000187:drug effects*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000737:chemistry
D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C547822:deinoxanthin; D002338:Carotenoids
Alexandrium tamarense; Algicidal bacteria; Deinoxanthin; Novel algicide; Reactive oxygen species