Legacies of past exploitation and climate affect mammalian sexes differently on the roof of the world - the case of wild yaks.
In polar environments, a lack of empirical knowledge about biodiversity prompts reliance on species distribution models to predict future change, yet these ignore the role of biotic interactions including the role of long past human exploitation. To explore how mammals of extreme elevation respond to glacial recession and past harvest, we combined our fieldwork with remote sensing and used analyses of ~60 expeditions from 1850-1925 to represent baseline conditions for wildlife before heavy exploitation on the Tibetan Plateau. Focusing on endangered wild yaks (Bos mutus), we document female changes in habitat use across time whereupon they increasingly relied on steeper post-glacial terrain, and currently have a 20x greater dependence on winter snow patches than males. Our twin findings—that the sexes of a cold-adapted species respond differently to modern climate forcing and long-past exploitation—indicate that effective conservation planning will require knowledge of the interplay between past and future if we will assure persistence of the region's biodiversity.
1] Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA [2] Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY 10460, USA.
Joel
J
Berger
Panthera, 8 West 40th Street, New York, NY 10018, USA.
George B
GB
Schaller
Ugyen Wangchuck Institute for Conservation and Environment, Lamai Goempa, Bumthang, Bhutan.
Ellen
E
Cheng
China Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Beijing, China 10024.
Aili
A
Kang
Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.
Michael
M
Krebs
Rm. 1229, Blvd. 5, Wuliqiao 2nd Street, 1 SectionChaoyang District, Beijing, China 10002.
Lishu
L
Li
Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.
Mark
M
Hebblewhite
D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D002980:Climate; D017753:Ecosystem; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D046448:Ice Cover; D008297:Male; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D018609:Tibet