Characterization of oxygenated metabolites of ginsenoside Rb1 in plasma and urine of rat.
Oxygenated metabolites have been suggested as the major circulating metabolites of ginsenosides. In the current study, 10 oxygenated metabolites of ginsenoside Rb1 in plasma and urine of rat following iv dose were characterized by comparison with chemically synthesized authentic compounds as quinquenoside L16 (M1 and M2), notoginsenoside A (M3), ginsenoside V (M4 and M7), epoxyginsenoside Rb1 (M5 and M9), notoginsenoside K (M6), and notoginsenoside C (M8 and M10), 9 of which were detected as in vivo metabolites for the first time. After oral administration of ginsenoside Rb1, M3, M4, and M7 were observed as major circulating metabolites and presented in the bloodstream of rat for 24 h. Characterization of the exact chemical structures of these circulating metabolites could contribute greatly to our understanding of chemical exposure of ginsenosides after consumption of ginseng products and provide valuable information for explaining multiple bioactivities of ginseng products.
†State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.|§School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
Jing-Rong
JR
Wang
†State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
Lee-Fong
LF
Yau
†State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
Tian-Tian
TT
Tong
†State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
Qi-Tong
QT
Feng
†State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.|§School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
Li-Ping
LP
Bai
§School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
Jing
J
Ma
#Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States.
Ming
M
Hu
†State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.|§School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
Liang
L
Liu
†State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.|§School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
Zhi-Hong
ZH
Jiang
D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D015394:Molecular Structure; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
D036145:Ginsenosides; D010936:Plant Extracts; C442759:ginsenoside Rb1
ginseng; ginsenoside Rb1; metabolites; oxygenation