Structural and functional evolution of chitinase-like proteins from plants.
The plant genome contains a large number of sequences that encode catalytically inactive chitinases referred to as chitinase-like proteins (CLPs). Although CLPs share high sequence and structural homology with chitinases of glycosyl hydrolase 18 (TIM barrel domain) and 19 families, they may lack the binding/catalytic activity. Molecular genetic analysis revealed that gene duplication events followed by mutation in the existing chitinase gene have resulted in the loss of activity. The evidences show that adaptive functional diversification of the CLPs has been achieved through alterations in the flexible regions than in the rigid structural elements. The CLPs plays an important role in the defense response against pathogenic attack, biotic and abiotic stress. They are also involved in the growth and developmental processes of plants. Since the physiological roles of CLPs are similar to chitinase, such mutations have led to plurifunctional enzymes. The biochemical and structural characterization of the CLPs is essential for understanding their roles and to develop potential utility in biotechnological industries. This review sheds light on the structure-function evolution of CLPs from chitinases.
Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India.
Pooja
P
Kesari
Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India.
Dipak Narhari
DN
Patil
Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India.
Pramod
P
Kumar
Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India.
Shailly
S
Tomar
Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India.
Ashwani Kumar
AK
Sharma
Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India.
Pravindra
P
Kumar
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002688:Chitinases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D010944:Plants / Q000201:enzymology*
D010940:Plant Proteins; D002688:Chitinases
Chitinase-like proteins; Glycosyl hydrolase family; N-Acetylglucosamine; Plant proteomics; TIM barrel