Pooled Analysis of C-Reactive Protein Levels and Mortality in Prostate Cancer Patients.
BACKGROUND
Previous studies have reported that higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are significantly associated with worse outcome in prostate cancer patients. The size of each individual study was not large enough to allow sufficient statistical power to draw conclusions. We conducted a pooled analysis of individual data of published studies to evaluate the association between increased CRP level and risk of death in prostate cancer, and to find the best CRP cutoff that could predict mortality.


METHODS
Original research studies on prostate cancer survival and CRP levels were identified (n = 6). Corresponding authors were contacted and invited to share individual data. Two data sets were received (235 patients). The combined hazard ratio (HR) was calculated and adjusted for age, prostate-specific antigen, hemoglobin, and alkaline phosphatase. The best cutoff of CRP was explored using X-title software version 3.6.1.


RESULTS
High CRP level was statistically significantly associated with mortality (meta-HR, 1.83 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.51-2.21]), without evidence of heterogeneity among studies. At pooled analysis, adjusted pooled HR for CRP < 5 versus ≥ 5 mg/L was 1.44 (95% CI, 1.02-20.4). The best CRP cutoff was 12 mg/L: the adjusted HRpooled for CRP < 12 versus ≥ 12 mg/L was 1.53 (95% CI, 1.01-2.32).


CONCLUSIONS
Increased CRP levels are associated with overall survival in prostate cancer patients. Because CRP is an affordable and readily available assay, it might hold promise in improving prognostication and potentially to predict the activity of specific therapeutic agents.
Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, OR; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR.
Julie N
JN
Graff
Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR.
Tomasz M
TM
Beer
Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine; The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY.
Bian
B
Liu
University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL.
Guru
G
Sonpavde
Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine; The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY. Electronic address: taiolema@gmail.com.
Emanuela
E
Taioli
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality*; D016019:Survival Analysis
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
Epidemiological methods; Outcome; Prognostic markers; Systemic inflammation; Urological cancer