[Restoration of microbial ammonia oxidizers in air-dried forest soils upon wetting].
OBJECTIVE
This study was aimed to investigate the abundance and community shift of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) in air-dried forest soils in response to water addition, to explore the applicability of air-dried soil for microbial ecology study, and to elucidate whether AOA within the marine group 1. 1a dominate ammonia oxidizers communities in the acidic forest soils in China.


METHODS
Soil samples were collected from 10 forest sites of the China Ecosystem Research Network (CERN) and kept under air-drying conditions in 2010. In 2013 the air-dried soil samples were adjusted to 60% of soil maximum water holding capacity for a 28-day incubation at 28 degrees C in darkness. DGGE fingerprinting, clone library construction, pyrosequencing and quantitative PCR of amoA genes were performed to assess community change of ammonia oxidizers in air-dried and re-wetted soils.


RESULTS
After incubation for 28 days, the abundance of bacteria and archaea increased significantly, up to 3,230 and 568 times, respectively. AOA increased significantly in 8 samples, and AOB increased significantly in 5 of 10 samples. However, pyrosequencing of amoA genes reveals insignificant changes in composition of AOA and AOB communities. Phylogenetic analysis of amoA genes indicates that archaeal ammonia oxidizers were predominated by AOA within the soil group 1. 1b lineage, while the Nitrosospira-like AOB dominate bacteria ammonia oxidizer communities. There was a significantly positive correlation between AOA/AOB ratio and total nitrogen (r2 = 0.54, P < 0.05), implying that soil ammonia oxidation might be dominated by AOA in association with ammonium released from soil mineralization.


CONCLUSIONS
Phylogenetic analysis suggest that AOA members within the soil group 1. 1b lineage were not restricted to non-acidic soils as previously thought. The abundance rather than composition of AOA and AOB changed in response to water addition. This indicates that air-dried soil could be of help for microbial biogeography study.
Xue
X
Zhou
Rong
R
Huang
Ge
G
Song
Xianzhang
X
Pan
Zhongjun
Z
Jia
D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism*; D001105:Archaea / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D002681:China; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010802:Phylogeny; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis
D012987:Soil; D014867:Water; D000641:Ammonia