Dormancy and growth of metastatic breast cancer cells in a bone-like microenvironment.
Breast cancer can reoccur, often as bone metastasis, many years if not decades after the primary tumor has been treated. The factors that stimulate dormant metastases to grow are not known, but bone metastases are often associated with skeletal trauma. We used a dormancy model of MDA-MB-231BRMS1, a metastasis-suppressed human breast cancer cell line, co-cultured with MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts in a long term, three dimensional culture system to test the hypothesis that bone remodeling cytokines could stimulate dormant cells to grow. The cancer cells attached to the matrix produced by MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts but grew slowly or not at all until the addition of bone remodeling cytokines, TNFα and IL-β. Stimulation of cell proliferation by these cytokines was suppressed with indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase and of prostaglandin production, or a prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptor antagonist. Addition of PGE2 directly to the cultures also stimulated cell proliferation. MCF-7, non-metastatic breast cancer cells, remained dormant when co-cultured with normal human osteoblast and fibroblast growth factor. Similar to the MDA-MB-231BRMS1 cells, MCF-7 proliferation increased in response to TNFα and IL-β. These findings suggest that changes in the bone microenvironment due to inflammatory cytokines associated with bone repair or excess turnover may trigger the occurrence of latent bone metastasis.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, 428 S. Frear Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
Donna M
DM
Sosnoski
Robert J
RJ
Norgard
Cassidy D
CD
Grove
Shelby J
SJ
Foster
Andrea M
AM
Mastro
D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary*; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts; D018078:Receptors, Prostaglandin E / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; C508585:IL1B protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D018078:Receptors, Prostaglandin E; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D015232:Dinoprostone; D007213:Indomethacin