Effect of anti-heart failure therapy on diastolic function in children with single-ventricle circulations.
BACKGROUND
Children with functionally univentricular circulations have chronic volume loading of the systemic ventricle, potentially affecting ventricular function. Medications including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and β-blockers are used to treat ventricular dysfunction, despite limited evidence of their efficacy in this population.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on elevated filling pressures in children with single ventricle physiology.


METHODS
We performed a single-centre, retrospective review of patients with single ventricle physiology who underwent multiple cardiac catheterisations between 1991 and 2013. Study population comprised of patients who commenced or had optimised dosing of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors between assessments in response to high ventricular filling pressures. Patients undergoing interventions influencing loading conditions between assessments were excluded.


RESULTS
A total of 17 patients were identified, with dominant morphologic right ventricle in eight patients (47.1%). Among them, 11 (64.7%) were pre-Fontan and six (35.3%) were post-Fontan completion. Median inter-assessment interval was 9.4 months (range 7.3-19.1). There was a reduction in end-diastolic pressure from 13 to 10 mmHg (p=0.002), mean pulmonary artery pressure from 16 to 13 mmHg (p=0.049), and mean atrial pressure from 12 to 9 mmHg (p=0.001). There was one cardiac transplant, and there were no patient deaths at median follow-up after 31 months.


CONCLUSIONS
We observed a reduction in ventricular end-diastolic pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, and mean atrial pressure following treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with single ventricle physiology. Our study provides insights into the potential impact of anti-heart failure therapy in single ventricle circulations and calls for larger, controlled studies to assess for a therapeutic response.
1Department of Cardiology,Royal Children's Hospital,Melbourne,Australia.
Deane L S
DL
Yim
1Department of Cardiology,Royal Children's Hospital,Melbourne,Australia.
Bryn O
BO
Jones
1Department of Cardiology,Royal Children's Hospital,Melbourne,Australia.
Peta M A
PM
Alexander
2Department of Paediatrics,The University of Melbourne,Melbourne,Australia.
Yves
Y
d'Udekem
1Department of Cardiology,Royal Children's Hospital,Melbourne,Australia.
Michael M H
MM
Cheung
D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D018729:Fontan Procedure / Q000379:methods; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017725:Ventricular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*
D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
ACE inhibitor; Fontan; diastolic function; single ventricle; univentricular