Pathway and kinetics of cyhalothrin biodegradation by Bacillus thuringiensis strain ZS-19.
Cyhalothrin is a common environmental pollutant which poses increased risks to non-target organisms including human beings. This study reported for the first time a newly isolated strain, Bacillus thuringiensis ZS-19 completely degraded cyhalothrin in minimal medium within 72 h. The bacterium transformed cyhalothrin by cleavage of both the ester linkage and diaryl bond to yield six intermediate products. Moreover, a novel degradation pathway of cyhalothrin in strain ZS-19 was proposed on the basis of the identified metabolites. In addition to degradation of cyhalothrin, this strain was found to be capable of degrading 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, a common metabolite of pyrethroids. Furthermore, strain ZS-19 participated in efficient degradation of a wide range of pyrethroids including cyhalothrin, fenpropathrinn, deltamethrin, beta-cypermethrin, cyfluthrin and bifenthrin. Taken together, our results provide insights into the mechanism of cyhalothrin degradation and also highlight the promising potentials of B.thuringiensis ZS-19 in bioremediation of pyrethroid-contaminated environment. This is the first report of (i) degradation of cyhalothrin and other pyrethroids by B.thuringiensis, (ii) identification of 3-phenoxyphenyl acetonitrile and N-(2-isoproxy-phenyl)-4-phenoxy-benzamide as the metabolites in the degradation pathway of pyrethroids, and (iii) a pathway of degradation of cyhalothrin by cleavage of both the ester linkage and diaryl bond in a microorganism.
1] Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Peoples' Republic of China [2] Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore.
Shaohua
S
Chen
1] Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Peoples' Republic of China [2] Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore.
Yinyue
Y
Deng
1] Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Peoples' Republic of China [2] Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore.
Changqing
C
Chang
Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore.
Jasmine
J
Lee
Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Peoples' Republic of China.
Yingying
Y
Cheng
Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Peoples' Republic of China.
Zining
Z
Cui
Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Peoples' Republic of China.
Jianuan
J
Zhou
Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Peoples' Republic of China.
Fei
F
He
Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Peoples' Republic of China.
Meiying
M
Hu
1] Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Peoples' Republic of China [2] Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore [3] Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
Lian-Hui
LH
Zhang
D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D001565:Benzoates / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D055442:Metabolome; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D009570:Nitriles / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics
D001565:Benzoates; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; C017618:3-phenoxybenzoic acid; C037304:cyhalothrin