Physiological and genetic analyses reveal a mechanistic insight into the multifaceted lifestyles of Pseudoalteromonas sp. SM9913 adapted to the deep-sea sediment.
Although bacteriobenthos play a major role in the degradation of particulate organic matter in marine sediment, knowledge of the sediment-adapted lifestyles of bacteriobenthos is still scarce. Here, the particle-associated, swimming and swarming lifestyles of the benthonic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. SM9913 (SM9913) were illustrated. SM9913 had a clay particle-associated lifestyle, and its exopolysaccharide played an important role in this lifestyle. SM9913 also had swimming and swarming motilities, indicating that it may have swimming and swarming lifestyles in the sediment. The lateral flagella were responsible for the swarming motility, and the polar flagella were responsible for the swimming motility. Iron limitation was an indispensable inductive signal of the swarming motility. An analysis of the motilities of SM9913 and its mutants in clay demonstrated that SM9913 moved in clay by both swimming and swarming motilities. Genomic analysis suggests that having two flagella systems is most likely a common adaptation of some bacteriobenthos to the sediment environment. Our results reveal the lifestyles of benthonic SM9913, providing a better understanding of the environmental adaptation of benthonic bacteria.
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.|Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
Zi-Hao
ZH
Mi
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.|Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
Zi-Chao
ZC
Yu
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.|Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
Hai-Nan
HN
Su
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.|Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
Lei
L
Wang
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.|Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
Xiu-Lan
XL
Chen
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.|Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
Xiuhua
X
Pang
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.|Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
Qi-Long
QL
Qin
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.|Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
Bin-Bin
BB
Xie
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.|Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
Xi-Ying
XY
Zhang
Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
Bai-Cheng
BC
Zhou
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.|Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
Yu-Zhong
YZ
Zhang
D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000235:genetics; D005407:Flagella / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D023281:Genomics; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000382:microbiology*; D009068:Movement; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000378:metabolism; D031161:Pseudoalteromonas / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
D009930:Organic Chemicals