Contribution of hyperglycemia on diabetic complications in obese type 2 diabetic SDT fatty rats: effects of SGLT inhibitor phlorizin.
The spontaneously diabetic torii (SDT) fatty rat is a new model of type 2 diabetes showing overt obesity, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. With early onset of diabetes mellitus, diabetic microvascular complications, including nephropathy, peripheral neuropathy and retinopathy, are observed at young ages. In the present study, blood glucose levels of female SDT fatty rats were controlled with phlorizin, a non-selective SGLT inhibitor, to examine whether and how these complications are caused by hyperglycemia. Phlorizin treatment adequately controlled plasma glucose levels during the experiment. At 29 weeks of age, urinary albumin excretion considerably increased in SDT fatty rats. Glomerulosclerosis and tubular pathological findings also indicate diabetic nephropathy. These renal parameters tended to decrease with phlorizin; however, effects were partial. Sciatic nerve conduction velocities were significantly delayed in SDT fatty rats compared with Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Intraepidermal nerve fiber density, an indicator of subclinical small nerve fiber neuropathy, significantly decreased in SDT fatty rats. Retinal dysfunction (prolongation of peak latency for oscillatory potential in electroretinograms) and histopathological eye abnormalities, including retinal folding and mature cataracts were also observed. Both nerve and eye disorders were prevented with phlorizin. These findings indicate that severe hyperglycemia mainly causes diabetic complications in SDT fatty rats. However, other factors, such as hyperlipidemia and hypertension, may affect diabetic nephropathy. These characteristics of diabetic complications will become helpful in evaluating new drugs for diabetic complications using SDT fatty rats.
Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan.
Yoshiaki
Y
Katsuda
Tomohiko
T
Sasase
Hironobu
H
Tadaki
Yasuko
Y
Mera
Yu
Y
Motohashi
Yusuke
Y
Kemmochi
Kaoru
K
Toyoda
Kochi
K
Kakimoto
Shinichi
S
Kume
Takeshi
T
Ohta
D000419:Albuminuria / Q000209:etiology; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000473:pathology; D010695:Phlorhizin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D051247:Sodium-Glucose Transport Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
D001786:Blood Glucose; D051247:Sodium-Glucose Transport Proteins; D010695:Phlorhizin