Bone muscle interactions and vitamin D.
Beyond the established roles of vitamin D in bone and mineral homeostasis, we are becoming increasingly aware of its diverse effects in skeletal muscle. Subjects with severe vitamin D deficiency or mutations of the vitamin D receptor develop generalized atrophy of muscle and bone, suggesting coordinated effects of vitamin D in musculoskeletal physiology. At a mechanistic level, vitamin D exerts wide-ranging effects in muscle and bone calcium handling, differentiation and development. Vitamin D also modulates muscle and bone-derived hormones, facilitating cross-talk between these tissues. In this review, we discuss emerging evidence that vitamin D regulates bone and muscle in a direct, integrated fashion, positioning the vitamin D pathway as a potential therapeutic target for musculoskeletal diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Muscle Bone Interactions".
Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: Jenny.gunton@sydney.edu.au.
Jenny E
JE
Gunton
Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, NSW, Australia.
Christian M
CM
Girgis
Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Paul A
PA
Baldock
Department of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Paul
P
Lips
D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000378:metabolism; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000378:metabolism; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000378:metabolism*
D014807:Vitamin D
Bone; Cross-talk; Muscle; Osteoporosis; Sarcopenia; Vitamin D