Design and fabrication of biomimetic multiphased scaffolds for ligament-to-bone fixation.
Conventional ligament grafts with single material composition cannot effectively integrate with the host bones due to mismatched properties and eventually affect their long-term function in vivo. Here we presented a multi-material strategy to design and fabricate composite scaffolds including ligament, interface and bone multiphased regions. The interface region consists of triphasic layers with varying material composition and porous structure to mimic native ligament-to-bone interface while the bone region contains polycaprolactone (PCL) anchor and microchanneled ceramic scaffolds to potentially provide combined mechanical and biological implant-bone fixation. Finite element analysis (FEA) demonstrated that the multiphased scaffolds with interference value smaller than 0.5 mm could avoid the fracture of ceramic scaffold during the implantation process, which was validated by in-vitro implanting the multiphased scaffolds into porcine joint bones. Pull-out experiment showed that the initial fixation between the multiphased scaffolds with 0.47 mm interference and the host bones could withstand the maximum force of 360.31±97.51 N, which can be improved by reinforcing the ceramic scaffolds with biopolymers. It is envisioned that the multiphased scaffold could potentially induce the regeneration of a new bone as well as interfacial tissue with the gradual degradation of the scaffold and subsequently realize long-term biological fixation of the implant with the host bone.
State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China. Electronic address: jiankanghe@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.
Jiankang
J
He
State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Qingdao R&D Institute, Xian Jiaotong University, Qingdao 266300, China.
Wenyou
W
Zhang
State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
Yaxiong
Y
Liu
Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
Xiang
X
Li
State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
Dichen
D
Li
State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
Zhongmin
Z
Jin
D000818:Animals; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005269:Femur / Q000187:drug effects; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D007596:Joints / Q000187:drug effects; D008022:Ligaments / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011091:Polyesters / Q000494:pharmacology; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation; D034421:Sus scrofa; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
D011091:Polyesters; C016240:polycaprolactone
Fixation; Interface; Ligament-to-bone; Multiphased scaffolds; PCL anchor