Efficacy of skin and nasal povidone-iodine preparation against mupirocin-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and S. aureus within the anterior nares.
Mupirocin decolonization of nasal Staphylococcus aureus prior to surgery decreases surgical-site infections; however, treatment requires 5 days, compliance is low, and resistance occurs. In 2010, 3M Company introduced povidone-iodine (PVP-I)-based skin and nasal antiseptic (Skin and Nasal Prep [SNP]). SNP has rapid, broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. We tested SNP's efficacy using full-thickness tissue (porcine mucosal [PM] and human skin) explant models and human subjects. Prior to or following infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (mupirocin sensitive and resistant), explants were treated with Betadine ophthalmic preparation (Bet), SNP, or mupirocin (Bactroban nasal ointment [BN]) or left untreated. One hour posttreatment, explants were washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) plus 2% mucin. One, 6, or 12 h later, bacteria were recovered and enumerated. Alternatively, following baseline sampling, human subjects applied two consecutive applications of SNP or saline to their anterior nares. One, 6, and 12 h after application of the preparation (postprep), nasal swabs were obtained, and S. aureus was enumerated. We observed that treatment of infected PM or human skin explants with SNP resulted in >2.0 log10 CFU reduction in MRSA, regardless of mupirocin sensitivity, which was significantly different from the values for BN- and Bet-treated explants and untreated controls 1 h, 6 h, and 12 h after being washed with PBS plus mucin. Swabbing the anterior nares of human subjects with SNP significantly reduced resident S. aureus compared to saline 1, 6, and 12 h postprep. Finally, pretreatment of PM explants with SNP, followed by a mucin rinse prior to infection, completely prevented MRSA infection. We conclude that SNP may be an attractive alternative for reducing the bioburden of anterior nares prior to surgery.
Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Michele J
MJ
Anderson
3M Infection Prevention Division, 3M Company, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
Maren L
ML
David
3M Infection Prevention Division, 3M Company, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
Matt
M
Scholz
3M Infection Prevention Division, 3M Company, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
Sally J
SJ
Bull
3M Infection Prevention Division, 3M Company, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
Dan
D
Morse
3M Infection Prevention Division, 3M Company, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
Michelle
M
Hulse-Stevens
Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA peter377@umn.edu.
Marnie L
ML
Peterson
D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D016712:Mupirocin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009666:Nose / Q000382:microbiology*; D011206:Povidone-Iodine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology*; D013552:Swine
D011206:Povidone-Iodine; D016712:Mupirocin