Impact of reduced water consumption on sulfide and methane production in rising main sewers.
Reduced water consumption (RWC), for water conservation purposes, is expected to change the wastewater composition and flow conditions in sewer networks and affect the in-sewer transformation processes. In this study, the impact of reduced water consumption on sulfide and methane production in rising main sewers was investigated. Two lab-scale rising main sewer systems fed with wastewater of different strength and flow rates were operated to mimic sewers under normal and RWC conditions (water consumption reduced by 40%). Sulfide concentration under the RWC condition increased by 0.7-8.0 mg-S/L, depending on the time of a day. Batch test results showed that the RWC did not change the sulfate-reducing activity of sewer biofilms, the increased sulfide production being mainly due to longer hydraulic retention time (HRT). pH in the RWC system was about 0.2 units lower than that in the normal system, indicating that more sulfide would be in molecular form under the RWC condition, which would result in increased sulfide emission to the atmosphere as confirmed by the model simulation. Model based analysis showed that the cost for chemical dosage for sulfide mitigation would increase significantly per unit volume of sewage, although the total cost would decrease due to a lower sewage flow. The dissolved methane concentration under the RWC condition was over two times higher than that under the normal flow condition and the total methane discharge was about 1.5 times higher, which would potentially result in higher greenhouse gas emissions. Batch tests showed that the methanogenic activity of sewer biofilms increased under the RWC condition, which along with the longer HRT, led to increased methane production.
Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia; CRC for Water Sensitive Cities, PO Box 8000, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia.
Jing
J
Sun
Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia.
Shihu
S
Hu
Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia; CRC for Water Sensitive Cities, PO Box 8000, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia.
Keshab Raj
KR
Sharma
Sydney Water, 1 Smith Street, Parramatta, 2159, New South Wales, Australia.
Heriberto
H
Bustamante
Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia; CRC for Water Sensitive Cities, PO Box 8000, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: zhiguo@awmc.uq.edu.au.
Zhiguo
Z
Yuan
D004326:Drinking; D006801:Humans; D008697:Methane / Q000737:chemistry*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D013440:Sulfides / Q000737:chemistry*; D014881:Water Supply
D012722:Sewage; D013440:Sulfides; D008697:Methane
Methane; Reduced flow rate; Reduced water consumption; Rising main sewers; Sulfide; Wastewater composition