Optimal oocyte retrieval and embryo transfer techniques: where we are and how we got here.
Oocyte retrieval is most safely accomplished with conscious sedation via a transvaginal approach under ultrasound guidance with low-pressure aspiration. Follicle flushing has not been shown to improve outcomes. The type of vaginal surgical preparation and the use of antibiotics have not been demonstrated to affect outcomes. As the final step in a rigorous assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycle, precise technique in embryo transfer is essential. Based on current findings, the recommended embryo transfer technique includes the use of an ultrasound-guided transcervical approach with a full bladder using a soft catheter. The transfer depth of the embryo should be in the mid-portion of the uterus with a quick steady insertion followed by pressure on the syringe during withdrawal of the catheter. It is acceptable to encourage immediate ambulation after embryo transfer.
Department of Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland.
Mae Wu
MW
Healy
Department of Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland.
Micah J
MJ
Hill
Shady Grove Fertility Reproductive Science Center, Rockville, Maryland.
Eric D
ED
Levens
D019985:Benchmarking / Q000592:standards; D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007246:Infertility / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D054315:Oocyte Retrieval / Q000592:standards*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D011247:Pregnancy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000592:standards