Health-related physical fitness in patients with bipolar disorder vs. healthy controls: an exploratory study.
BACKGROUND
Low physical fitness has been recognized as a prominent behavioral risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality. To date, no studies have systematically assessed physical fitness in patients with bipolar disorder. The aim of the current study was to assess and compare the physical fitness in patients with bipolar disorder against healthy controls.


METHODS
Thirty patients with bipolar disorder (16♂, 40.8±11.6 years) and 30 age-, gender- and body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy controls were included. All participants performed the Eurofit test battery and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Patients were screened for psychiatric symptoms using the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology and Hypomania Checklist-32.


RESULTS
Patients with bipolar disorder had a reduced speed of limb movement (15.8±5.7 vs. 11.8±2.2s; p<0.001), explosive leg muscle strength (134.9±49.0 vs. 167.6±32.3cm; p=0.003) and abdominal muscular endurance (11.5±7.8 vs. 18.3±7.6; p<0.001). Backward regression analyses demonstrated that longer illness duration, higher body mass index, higher levels of depression and a lower physical activity level explained the variance in physical fitness.


CONCLUSIONS
Our data are cross-sectional and cannot establish cause and effect.


CONCLUSIONS
The current findings suggest that a lower physical fitness is emerging as an eminent modifiable risk factor for somatic co-morbidity in people with bipolar disorder. In particular less physically active persons, those with a longer illness duration and those with higher levels of depression might benefit from specific rehabilitation interventions aimed at increasing physical fitness.
KU Leuven - University of Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tervuursevest 101, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; UPC KU Leuven, campus Kortenberg, KU Leuven - University of Leuven Department of Neurosciences KU Leuven, Leuvensesteenweg 517, 3070 Kortenberg, Belgium. Electronic address: davy.vancampfort@uc.kortenberg.be.
Davy
D
Vancampfort
UPC KU Leuven, campus Kortenberg, KU Leuven - University of Leuven Department of Neurosciences KU Leuven, Leuvensesteenweg 517, 3070 Kortenberg, Belgium.
Pascal
P
Sienaert
UPC KU Leuven, campus Kortenberg, KU Leuven - University of Leuven Department of Neurosciences KU Leuven, Leuvensesteenweg 517, 3070 Kortenberg, Belgium.
Sabine
S
Wyckaert
Department of Physiotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
Marc
M
De Hert
School of Health and Social Care, University of Greenwich, Southwood Site Avery Hill Road, Eltham, London SE9 2UG, UK.
Brendon
B
Stubbs
Department of Physiotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
Andrew
A
Soundy
KU Leuven - University of Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tervuursevest 101, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
Jennifer
J
De Smet
KU Leuven - University of Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tervuursevest 101, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; UPC KU Leuven, campus Kortenberg, KU Leuven - University of Leuven Department of Neurosciences KU Leuven, Leuvensesteenweg 517, 3070 Kortenberg, Belgium.
Michel
M
Probst
D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000523:psychology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
Bipolar disorder; Physical activity; Physical fitness