Alcohol outlet density, drinking contexts and intimate partner violence: a review of environmental risk factors.
Alcohol use is a robust predictor of intimate partner violence (IPV). A critical barrier to progress in preventing alcohol-related IPV is that little is known about how an individual's specific drinking contexts (where, how often, and with whom one drinks) are related to IPV, or how these contexts are affected by environmental characteristics, such as alcohol outlet density and neighborhood disadvantage. The putative mechanism is the social environment in which drinking occurs that may promote or strengthen aggressive norms. Once these contexts are known, specific prevention measures can be put in place, including policy-oriented (e.g., regulating outlet density) and individually oriented (e.g., brief interventions to reduce risk for spousal aggression) measures targeting at-risk populations. This paper reviews applicable theories and empirical research evidence that links IPV to drinking contexts and alcohol outlet density, highlights research gaps, and makes recommendations for future research.
Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation, Oakland, CA, USA cunradi@prev.org.
Carol B
CB
Cunradi
Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Christina
C
Mair
College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
Michael
M
Todd
D000367:Age Factors; D000374:Aggression; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003132:Commerce / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000066511:Intimate Partner Violence / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012931:Social Environment; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
alcohol outlet density; drinking context; environment; intimate partner violence