title: Polymethacrylate coated electrospun PHB fibers: An exquisite outlook for fabrication of paper-based biosensors.
abstract: Electrospun polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) fibers were dip-coated by polymethyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid, poly(MMA-co-MAA), which was synthesized in different molar ratios of the monomers via free-radical polymerization. Fabricated platfrom was employed for immobilization of the dengue antibody and subsequent detection of dengue enveloped virus in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). There is a major advantage for combination of electrospun fibers and copolymers. Fiber structre of electrospun PHB provides large specific surface area available for biomolecular interaction. In addition, polymer coated parts of the platform inherited the premanent presence of surface carboxyl (-COOH) groups from MAA segments of the copolymer which can be effectively used for covalent and physical protein immobilization. By tuning the concentration of MAA monomers in polymerization reaction the concentration of surface -COOH groups can be carefully controlled. Therefore two different techniques have been used for immobilization of the dengue antibody aimed for dengue detection: physical attachment of dengue antibodies to the surface and covalent immobilization of antibodies through carbodiimide chemistry. In that perspective, several different characterization techniques were employed to investigate the new polymeric fiber platform such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), water contact angle (WCA) measurement and UV-vis titration. Regardless of the immobilization techniques, substantially higher signal intensity was recorded from developed platform in comparison to the conventional ELISA assay.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Center for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Samira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Pedram
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Azari
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Center for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Elham
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Farahmand
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hussin A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Rothan
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Rohana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yusof
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Center for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Leo H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Koole
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Center for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. Electronic address: ivan.djordjevic@um.edu.my.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Djordjevic
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Center for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Fatimah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D003716:Dengue Virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004209:Disposable Equipment; D004595:Electroplating / Q000379:methods; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000295:instrumentation; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010209:Paper; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry*; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D000094122:Polyhydroxybutyrates
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates; D011091:Polyesters; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C038300:methylmethacrylate-methacrylic acid copolymer; C003182:poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate; D000094122:Polyhydroxybutyrates
keywords: ELISA.; Electrospun fibers; Polymer coating; Protein immobilization; Surface functional groups