title: Alcohol outlets, social disorganization, and robberies: accounting for neighborhood characteristics and alcohol outlet types.
abstract: We estimated spatially lagged regression and spatial regime models to determine if the variation in total, on-premise, and off-premise alcohol outlet(1) density is related to robbery density, while controlling for direct and moderating effects of social disorganization.(2) Results suggest that the relationship between alcohol outlet density and robbery density is sensitive to the measurement of social disorganization levels. Total alcohol outlet density and off-premise alcohol outlet density were significantly associated with robbery density when social disorganization variables were included separately in the models. However, when social disorganization levels were captured as a four item index, only the association between off-premise alcohol outlets and robbery density remained significant. More work is warranted in identifying the role of off-premise alcohol outlets and their characteristics in robbery incidents.
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Department of Criminal Justice, Enderis Hall 1115, Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States. Electronic address: snowdena@uwm.edu.
authors.forename: Aleksandra J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Snowden
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Department of Criminal Justice, Enderis Hall 1119, Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States. Electronic address: freiburg@uwm.edu.
authors.forename: Tina L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Freiburger
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages; D000850:Anomie; D003132:Commerce; D004777:Environment; D000431:Ethanol; D006801:Humans; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012931:Social Environment; D013800:Theft; D014505:Urban Population; D014754:Violence
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Alcohol outlet density; GIS; Robbery; Social disorganization