title: Tracheoplasty with cartilage-engineered esophagus environments.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to investigate the feasibility of engineering cartilage on the esophagus layer and outside the esophagus. Moreover, we investigated the feasibility of tracheoplasty with cartilage engineered on the esophagus in rabbits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chondrocytes were isolated from auricular cartilages. 1. Engineered cartilage formation by histological findings on/into the esophageal layer was compared with that of injectable scaffold and preformed scaffold with chondrocytes. 2. Chondrocytes adhered to gelatin+vicryl mesh™ and b-FGF, were implanted on the outer esophageal surface. Four weeks after seeding, we found that cartilage was implanted in the midposterior portion of the cervical trachea (n=5), and it was retrieved 8weeks after seeding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1. A gelatin sponge incorporating β-TCP with vicryl mesh™ showed the best performance for fabricating engineered cartilage on the outer side of the esophagus. 2. Two of 5 rabbits died due to obstructed esophagus. Cartilage engineered outside the esophagus by a composite scaffold as the main material in the gelatin sponge, maintained the airway structure for up to 1month after implantation. Tracheal epithelial regeneration occurred in the internal lumen of this engineered cartilage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tracheoplasty with cartilage engineered outside the esophagus may be useful for reconstructing airways.
authors.affiliation: The department of pediatric surgery, Graduate school of medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo 113-8655 Japan; Department of Pediatrics Surgery, Graduate school of medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38Morohongo, Moroyama-cho, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495 Japan. Electronic address: komura-tky@umin.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Komura
authors.affiliation: The department of pediatric surgery, Graduate school of medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo 113-8655 Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Komura
authors.affiliation: The department of pediatric surgery, Graduate school of medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo 113-8655 Japan.
authors.forename: Yushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Otani
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics Surgery, Graduate school of medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38Morohongo, Moroyama-cho, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495 Japan.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics Surgery, Graduate school of medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38Morohongo, Moroyama-cho, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495 Japan.
authors.forename: Ryosuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Satake
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics Surgery, Graduate school of medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38Morohongo, Moroyama-cho, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495 Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kodaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics Surgery, Graduate school of medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38Morohongo, Moroyama-cho, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495 Japan.
authors.forename: Kan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Terawaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics Surgery, Graduate school of medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38Morohongo, Moroyama-cho, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495 Japan.
authors.forename: Hironobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yonekawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics Surgery, Graduate school of medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38Morohongo, Moroyama-cho, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495 Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikebukuro
authors.affiliation: Department of Tissue Engineering, Graduate school of medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo 113-8655 Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hoshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Tissue Engineering, Graduate school of medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo 113-8655 Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takato
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Field of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Frontier Medical Science, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tabata
authors.affiliation: The department of pediatric surgery, Graduate school of medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo 113-8655 Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Komuro
authors.affiliation: The department of pediatric surgery, Graduate school of medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo 113-8655 Japan.
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwanaka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002356:Cartilage / Q000637:transplantation*; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000637:transplantation*; D004947:Esophagus; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005780:Gelatin; D011817:Rabbits; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D012038:Regeneration; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014132:Trachea / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C485817:beta-tricalcium phosphate; D005780:Gelatin
keywords: Engineered cartilage into esophagus layer; Engineered cartilage on esophagus; Tracheoplasty