title: Investigation of the Occurrence of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Virus in Swine Herds Participating in an Area Regional Control and Elimination Project in Ontario, Canada.
abstract: The main goal of this study was to investigate the occurrence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-specific genotypes in swine sites in Ontario (Canada) using molecular, spatial and network data from a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) regional control project. For each site, location, animal movement service provider (truck companies), PRRSV status and sequencing data of the open reading frame 5 (ORF5) were obtained. Three-kilometre buffers were created to evaluate neighbourhood characteristics for each site. Social network analysis was conducted on swine sites and trucking companies to assemble the network and define network components. Three different PRRSV genotypes were used as outcomes for statistical analysis based on the region's phylogenetic tree of the ORF5. Multivariable exact logistic regression was conducted to investigate the association between being positive for a specific genotype and two main exposures of interest: (i) having at least one neighbour within three km also positive for the same genotype outside the production system and (ii) having at least one positive site for the same genotype in the same truck network component outside the production system. Results showed that the importance of area spread and truck network on PRRSV occurrence differed according to genotype. Additionally, the Ontario PRRS database appears suitable for conducting regional disease investigations. Finally, the use of relatively new tools available for network, spatial and molecular analysis could be useful in investigation, control and prevention of endemic infectious diseases in animal populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Arruda
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Friendship
authors.affiliation: Ontario Swine Health Advisory Board, Stratford, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.affiliation: Strategic Solutions Group, Puslinch, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hand
authors.affiliation: Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ojkic
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Poljak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D060740:Disease Eradication; D005838:Genotype; D009864:Ontario / Q000453:epidemiology; D019318:Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D019316:Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus; D013552:Swine
keywords: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome; disease investigation; molecular epidemiology; network analysis