title: Clinical Management of Antipsychotic-Induced Hyperprolactinemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article describes the physiology and mechanisms of prolactin and the assessment and clinical management strategies of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperprolactinemia is a disorder of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis which can be caused by several mechanisms. Typical antipsychotic agents are more likely to cause hyperprolactinemia than atypical antipsychotic agents, with the exception of amisulpride, paliperidone, and risperidone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Switching from prolactin-elevating to prolactin-sparing agents is recommended. Providing adjunctive treatment and prescribing substitutive hormones are alternatives. Education and lifestyle modification should be a major health promotion strategy. Taking patients' history and conducting physical examinations should be done during follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Saint Louis University School of Nursing, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.|Faculty of Nursing, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham Province, Thailand.
authors.forename: Choochart
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wong-Anuchit
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019090:Case Management; D006801:Humans; D006966:Hyperprolactinemia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009739:Nursing Services / Q000592:standards; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D011388:Prolactin
keywords: Advanced psychiatric-mental health nurse; antipsychotic agent; clinical management; hyperprolactinemia