title: Effects of triclosan, diclofenac, and nonylphenol on mesophilic and thermophilic methanogenic activity and on the methanogenic communities.
abstract: In this study, a toxicity assay using a mesophilic wastewater treatment plant sludge-based (SI) and a thermophilic manure-based inoculum (MI), under different biomass concentrations was performed to define the effects of diclofenac (DCF), triclosan (TCS), and nonylphenol (NP) on anaerobic digestion (AD) process. Additionally, the influence of DCF, TCS, and NP on the relative abundance of the methanogenic populations was investigated. Results obtained demonstrated that, in terms of methane production, SI inoculum was more resistant to the toxicity effect of DCF, TCS, and NP, compared to the MI inoculum. The IC50 values were 546, 35, and 363 mg L(-1) for SI inoculum and 481, 32, and 74 mg L(-1) for MI inoculum for DCF, TCS, and NP, respectively. For both inocula, higher biomass concentrations reduced the toxic effect of TCS (higher methane production up to 64%), contrary to DCF, where higher biomass loads decreased methane yield up to 31%. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed that hydrogenotrophic methanogens were more resistant to the inhibitory effect of DCF, TCS, and NP compared to aceticlastic methanogens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environment, Water and Air Quality Laboratory, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Mytilene 81 100, Greece.
authors.forename: Evangelos C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Symsaris
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 113, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800 Denmark.
authors.forename: Ioannis A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Fotidis
authors.affiliation: Department of Environment, Water and Air Quality Laboratory, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Mytilene 81 100, Greece.
authors.forename: Athanasios S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Stasinakis
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 113, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800 Denmark. Electronic address: iria@env.dtu.dk.
authors.forename: Irini
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Angelidaki
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018533:Biomass; D019149:Bioreactors; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008697:Methane / Q000378:metabolism*; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012722:Sewage; D014260:Triclosan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D062065:Wastewater; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004008:Diclofenac; D008697:Methane; D010636:Phenols; D012722:Sewage; D014260:Triclosan; D062065:Wastewater; C025256:nonylphenol
keywords: Biomethanation; IC(50); PPCPs; Toxicity; Xenobiotics