title: Relationship of maxilla to cranial base in different facial types-a cephalometric evaluation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many conflicting opinions have been put forth in the dental literature concerning the maxilla and its relationship to craniofacial complex. In view of this fact, this cephalometric study was conducted to determine the relationship of maxilla to cranial base in different facial types.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consists of 120 pretreatment lateral cephalogram, which were categorized into three groups, normodivergent, hypodivergent, and hyperdivergent. Each group consists of 20 males and 20 females. Descriptive statistics for 11 variables were calculated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The result of this study implies that in hyperdivergent subjects' sagittal maxillary base size was smaller and upper posterior facial height (UPFH) was increased in comparison to hypodivergent and normodivergent subjects. Upper posterior facial height has positive correlation with anterior facial height. Posterior maxillary position in relation to cranial base increases with increase in cranial flexural angle in hypodivergent subjects and vice versa in hyperdivergent subjects. Upper posterior facial height decreases with increase in cranial flexural angle in hypodivergent subjects and vice versa in hyperdivergent subjects.
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Seema Dental College and Hospital, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand.
authors.forename: Tarun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rana
authors.affiliation: Professor, Babu Banarsi Das Dental College of Dental Sciences, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Rohit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Khanna
authors.affiliation: Professor and Head, Babu Banarsi Das Dental College of Dental Sciences, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Tripti
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tikku
authors.affiliation: Reader, Babu Banarsi Das Dental College of Dental Sciences, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Kiran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sachan
keywords: Cranial base angle; hyperdivergent; hypodivergent; maxilla; normodivergent