title: Spectrofluorometric and molecular docking studies on the binding of curcumenol and curcumenone to human serum albumin.
abstract: Curcumenol and curcumenone are two major constituents of the plants of medicinally important genus of Curcuma, and often govern the pharmacological effect of these plant extracts. These two compounds, isolated from C. zedoaria rhizomes were studied for their binding to human serum albumin (HSA) using the fluorescence quench titration method. Molecular docking was also performed to get a more detailed insight into their interaction with HSA at the binding site. Additions of these sesquiterpenes to HSA produced significant fluorescence quenching and blue shifts in the emission spectra of HSA. Analysis of the fluorescence data pointed toward moderate binding affinity between the ligands and HSA, with curcumenone showing a relatively higher binding constant (2.46 × 105 M-1) in comparison to curcumenol (1.97 × 104 M-1). Cluster analyses revealed that site I is the preferred binding site for both molecules with a minimum binding energy of -6.77 kcal·mol-1. However, binding of these two molecules to site II cannot be ruled out as the binding energies were found to be -5.72 and -5.74 kcal·mol-1 for curcumenol and curcumenone, respectively. The interactions of both ligands with HSA involved hydrophobic interactions as well as hydrogen bonding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. omerhamdi2001@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Omer Abdalla Ahmed
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Hamdi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. shevrzl@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shevin Rizal
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Feroz
authors.affiliation: Center of Natural products and Drug Discovery (CENAR), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. jamilshilpi@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Jamil A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Shilpi
authors.affiliation: Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia. anouarelhassane@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: El Hassane
authors.initials: el H
authors.lastname: Anouar
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ak.mukarram@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Abdul Kadir
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Mukarram
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. saharuddin@um.edu.my.
authors.forename: Saharuddin B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Mohamad
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. saadtayyab2004@um.edu.my.
authors.forename: Saad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tayyab
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Khalijah@um.edu.my.|Center of Natural products and Drug Discovery (CENAR), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Khalijah@um.edu.my.
authors.forename: Khalijah
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Awang
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D006801:Humans; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D012709:Serum Albumin; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C552245:curcumenol; C582256:curcumenone