title: Acitretin-induced hepatitis: when to monitor cholestatic enzymes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acitretin is a systemic retinoid that is used in dermatology for a variety of conditions. A well-recognized potential adverse event from acitretin is elevated transaminases, indicating acute hepatocyte damage. Less well known is the possible cholestatic injury that can occur, signaled by elevated γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Our patient presented with an acute acitretin-induced hepatitis with a mixed pattern of elevated transaminases as well as GGT and ALP. A literature review demonstrated that most cases of acitretin-induced hepatitis, outside clinical trials, describe patients with a similar mixed hepatitis pattern.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first literature review on acitretin-induced hepatitis. Although acitretin-induced hepatoxicity is rare, the seemingly unusual presentation of a mixed pattern of hepatocyte injury and cholestasis may be more common than previously thought. The findings should encourage clinicians not only to monitor transaminases but also to consider measuring cholestatic enzymes (ALP/GGT) in patients with transaminase abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Division of Dermatology and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON maxwell.sauder@medportal.ca.
authors.forename: Maxwell B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Sauder
authors.affiliation: Division of Dermatology and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON.
authors.forename: Loretta
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.affiliation: Division of Dermatology and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beecker
mesh_terms: D017255:Acitretin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000150:complications* / Q000201:enzymology; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D017255:Acitretin