title: A Methodology of Analysis for Monitoring Treatment Progression with 19-Channel Z-Score Neurofeedback (19ZNF) in a Single-Subject Design.
abstract: 19-Channel Z-Score Neurofeedback (19ZNF) is a modality using 19-electrodes with real-time normative database z-scores, suggesting effective clinical outcomes in fewer sessions than traditional neurofeedback. Thus, monitoring treatment progression and clinical outcome is necessary. The area of focus in this study was a methodology of quantitative analysis for monitoring treatment progression and clinical outcome with 19ZNF. This methodology is noted as the Sites-of-Interest, which included repeated measures analyses of variance (rANOVA) and t-tests for z-scores; it was conducted on 10 cases in a single subject design. To avoid selection bias, the 10 sample cases were randomly selected from a pool of 17 cases that met the inclusion criteria. Available client outcome measures (including self-report) are briefly discussed. The results showed 90% of the pre-post comparisons moved in the targeted direction (z = 0) and of those, 96% (80% Bonferroni corrected) of the t-tests and 96% (91% Bonferroni corrected) of the rANOVAs were statistically significant; thus indicating a progression towards the mean in 15 or fewer 19ZNF sessions. All cases showed and reported improvement in all outcome measures (including quantitative electroencephalography assessment) at case termination.
authors.affiliation: Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, 3200 Cold Spring Road, Indianapolis, IN, 46222-1997, USA, gkrigbaum@marian.edu.
authors.forename: Genomary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Krigbaum
authors.forename: Nancy L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Wigton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D020817:Asperger Syndrome / Q000628:therapy*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058765:Neurofeedback / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000628:therapy; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult