title: Spatial memory in nonhuman primates implanted with the subdural pharmacotherapy device.
abstract: This study investigated the possible influence of the Subdural Pharmacotherapy Device (SPD) on spatial memory in 3 adult, male bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata). The device was implanted in and above the subdural/subarachnoid space and cranium overlaying the right parietal/frontal cortex: a circuitry involved in spatial memory processing. A large test chamber, equipped with four baited and four non-baited food-ports at different locations, was used: reaches into empty food ports were counted as spatial memory errors. In this study of within-subject design, before SPD implantation (control) the animals made mean 373.3 ± 114.9 (mean ± SEM) errors in the first spatial memory test session. This value dropped to 47.7 ± 18.4 by the 8th session. After SPD implantation and alternating cycles of transmeningeal saline delivery and local cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage in the implanted cortex the spatial memory error count, with the same port locations, was 33.0 ± 12.2 during the first spatial memory test session, further decreasing to 5.7 ± 3.5 by the 8th post-implantation session (P<0.001 for trend). Replacing transmeningeal saline delivery with similar delivery of the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol (1.0mM) by the SPD did not affect the animals' spatial memory performance, which in fact included at least one completely error-free session per animal over time. The study showed that complication-free implantation and use of the SPD over the parietal and frontal cortices for months leave spatial memory processes intact in nonhuman primates.
authors.affiliation: Translational Neuroscience Consultation, P.O. Box 389, Mohegan Lake, NY 10547, USA. Electronic address: nludvig@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nandor
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ludvig
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY USA.
authors.forename: Hai M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY USA.
authors.forename: Shirn L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Baptiste
authors.affiliation: Scientific Computing Center, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY USA.
authors.forename: Dimitre G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Stefanov
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY USA.
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kral
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid; D004869:Equipment Safety; D005502:Food; D005625:Frontal Lobe; D007839:Functional Laterality; D058785:GABA-A Receptor Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015918:Infusion Pumps, Implantable; D008255:Macaca radiata; D008297:Male; D009118:Muscimol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010296:Parietal Lobe; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D065852:Spatial Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D013346:Subarachnoid Space; D013355:Subdural Space
chemical_list: D058785:GABA-A Receptor Agonists; D009118:Muscimol; D012965:Sodium Chloride
keywords: Frontal cortex; Macaque; Muscimol; Parietal cortex; Subarachnoid space