title: Diffuse optical tomography of breast carcinoma: can tumor total hemoglobin concentration be considered as a new promising prognostic parameter of breast carcinoma?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is an emerging functional modality, which can reflect tumor metabolic activity and angiogenesis. The purpose of this exploratory study was to correlate the total hemoglobin concentration (THC) measured by noninvasive DOT with prognostic factors in breast carcinomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively imaged 251 breast carcinomas in 229 consecutive women (mean age, 51.18 ± 12.32 years) using DOT from 2007 to 2010. Tumor angiogenesis and metabolic activity were assessed based on quantitatively measured THC. The THC was correlated with prognostic factors, including tumor size, histopathologic classification, histologic grade, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), c-erbB-2, and p53.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In univariate analysis, THC was significantly correlated with the following prognostic factors: tumor size (P < .001), histologic grade (P < .001), ER (P < .05), PR (P < .001), and c-erbB-2 (P < .05). THC was not associated with histopathologic classification (P = .170) or p53 (P = .463). On the basis of a stepwise multiple regression analysis, THC of invasive ductal carcinoma was significantly correlated with tumor size (P < .001), histologic grade (P < .001), and PR (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  THC was associated with prognostic factors of breast carcinoma. THC may be considered as a new prognostic parameter of breast carcinoma and a prediction of tumor behavior and biological activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Mengsu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China. Electronic address: yuxinjiangpumch@163.com.
authors.forename: Yuxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Qingli
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Shanshan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Jianchu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Hongyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Xingjian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D001940:Breast / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D041622:Tomography, Optical; D016217:Ultrasonography, Mammary; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D006454:Hemoglobins
keywords: Breast carcinoma; angiogenesis; diffuse optical tomography; prognostic factors; total hemoglobin concentration