title: A randomised controlled trial of a brief cognitive behavioural intervention for men who have hot flushes following prostate cancer treatment (MANCAN).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hot flushes and night sweats (HFNS) are experienced by up to 80% of prostate cancer patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). This study evaluates the effects of a guided self-help cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) intervention on HFNS problem-rating (primary outcome), HFNS frequency, mood and health-related quality of life (secondary outcomes) in patients undergoing ADT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients reporting treatment-induced HFNS were randomly assigned to CBT (n = 33) or treatment as usual (TAU) (n = 35), stratified for cancer type. The CBT intervention included a booklet, CD plus telephone contact during a 4-week period. Validated self-report questionnaires were completed at baseline, 6 weeks and 32 weeks after randomisation. The primary outcome was HFNS problem rating (perceived burden of HFNS) at 6 weeks after randomisation. Potential moderators and mediators were examined. Data analysis was conducted on a modified intention-to-treat basis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with TAU, CBT significantly reduced HFNS problem rating (adjusted mean difference: -1.33, 95% CI -2.07 to -0.58; p = 0.001) and HFNS frequency (-12.12, 95% CI -22.39 to -1.84; p = 0.02) at 6 weeks. Improvements were maintained at 32 weeks, but group differences did not reach significance. There were significant reductions in negative HFNS Beliefs and Behaviours following CBT, but not in mood or quality of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Guided self-help CBT appears to be a safe and effective brief treatment for men who have problematic HFNS following prostate cancer treatments. Further research might test the efficacy of the intervention in a multicentre trial.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Evgenia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stefanopoulou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.|Department of Psychology, University of Bath, UK.
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yousaf
authors.affiliation: Centre for Technology Enabled Health Research, Coventry University, Coventry, UK.
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Grunfeld
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Myra S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hunter
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect; D000368:Aged; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D019584:Hot Flashes / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011614:Psychotherapy, Brief; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013546:Sweating; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists