title: Do Montelukast Sodium and N-Acetylcysteine Have a Nephroprotective Effect on Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction? A Placebo Controlled Trial in a Rat Model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed the nephroprotective effects of montelukast sodium and N-acetylcysteine on secondary renal damage due to unilateral ureteral obstruction in a rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study 30 Wistar albino male rats were randomized into 3 groups, including placebo, N-acetylcysteine and montelukast sodium. Three rats served as the control group. The left ureter of the rats was sutured with 4-zero polyglactin sutures. Medications were given 3 days before obstruction and continued for 15 days. Dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scintigraphy was performed before obstruction and on day 15. Rats were sacrificed on day 15 and histopathological examinations were done. We biochemically assessed oxidative stress markers (myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde), sulfhydryl and total nitrite for lipid peroxidation, oxidative protein damage and antioxidant levels, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On pathological examination inflammation and tubular epithelial damage in the N-acetylcysteine and montelukast sodium groups were less than in the placebo group (p <0.05). No difference was seen in normal kidneys. Myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde and total nitrite levels in the N-acetylcysteine group, and myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde levels in the montelukast sodium group were lower than in the placebo group (p <0.05). No statistical difference was seen in sulfhydryl levels (p >0.05) or among the N-acetylcysteine, montelukast sodium and placebo groups on scintigraphy (p >0.05). No pathological, chemical and scintigraphic differences were seen among the N-acetylcysteine, montelukast sodium and sham treated groups (p >0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  N-acetylcysteine and montelukast sodium have a protective effect against obstructive damage of the kidney. However, further investigations are needed.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Urology, Ministry of Health Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: dr.m.sunay@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Melih
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sunay
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Urology, Ministry of Health Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tolga
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karakan
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Urology, Ministry of Health Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Arif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aydın
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gökhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koca
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Ministry of Health Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Pınar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Börcek
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Ministry of Health Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Elmas
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Öğüş
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D010919:Placebos; D011804:Quinolines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013440:Sulfides; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D010919:Placebos; D011804:Quinolines; D013440:Sulfides; C093875:montelukast; D000111:Acetylcysteine
keywords: acetylcysteine; kidney; montelukast; oxidative stress; ureteral obstruction