title: Health promotion and young prisoners: a European perspective.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this paper is to assess the health promotion needs of vulnerable young prisoners and the existing health promotion activities in custodial settings in seven European Union (EU) Member States.
  
  
  METHODS
  The research comprised two components: the first involved identifying existing health promotion practices. The second involved mapping out young offenders' health promotion needs by carrying out a needs assessment. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were adopted. The quantitative element comprised surveys among young prisoners and prison staff and focused on the availability and perceived importance of health promotion activities in prison. The qualitative element comprised focus groups with young offenders and individual interviews with prison staff, field experts and NGO members.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings from the research have identified a number of similar, but also some diverse areas of unmet need for health promotion activities in prison settings across these diverse seven EU countries. There is no consistency of approach within and between countries regarding health promotion policy, guidance, resources and programmes for young prisoners. In order to improve the health of young prisoners and to establish and increase sustainability of existing health promotion programmes, there is a need for the establishment of National and EU standards.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Providing health promotion activities for young prisoners while in custodial settings is key to addressing their unmet health and well-being needs and to facilitate their reintegration back into the community. Despite the barriers identified by this research, health promotion is to some extent being delivered in the partner countries and provides a foundation upon which further implementation of health promotion activities can be built especially when the benefits of health promotion activities, like dealing with the common problems of alcohol and drug addiction, mental health and communicable diseases are linked to successful reintegration.
authors.affiliation: Professor, based at Social Research and Evaluation Unit (SREU), Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Morag
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rabiee
authors.forename: Caren
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weilandt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education / Q000458:organization & administration; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene; D008297:Male; D008605:Mental Health Services; D020380:Needs Assessment; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology*; D011330:Prisons / Q000458:organization & administration*; D034121:Reproductive Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000628:therapy; D035862:Vulnerable Populations; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Health promoting prison; Health promotion; Young prisoners