title: Molecular analysis of products of conception obtained by hysteroembryoscopy from infertile couples.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the molecular cytogenetic data obtained from products of conception (POC) obtained by selective biopsy of first trimester miscarriages and to estimate the rate of chromosomal anomalies in miscarriages from pregnancies achieved by natural conception (NC) or by assisted reproductive technology (ART) interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used KaryoLite™ BoBs™ (PerkinElmer LAS, Wallac, Turku, Finland) technology to analyze 189 samples from ART or NC pregnancies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All POC were successfully evaluated. A higher incidence of chromosomal abnormalities was observed in POC after ART using the patient's own oocytes than from NC pregnancies (62.7% vs. 40.6%; p < 0.05). The lowest incidence of chromosomal abnormalities was observed in POCs ART using donor eggs from women younger than 35 years (12.8%). No statistical differences in the percentage of abnormal miscarriages were observed in correlation with sperm concentration: a sperm concentration less than 5 million/mL produced 75% abnormal results and a concentration higher than 5 million/mL produced 51%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  POC analysis is essential to determine the cause of pregnancy loss. Using culture-independent molecular biology techniques to analyze POCs avoids limitations such as growth failure and reduces the time required for analysis. Selective biopsy of fetal tissue by hysteroembryoscopy avoids the risk of misdiagnosis due to maternal cell contamination. Our results show that maternal age, sperm quality, and ART-assisted pregnancies are risk factors for abnormal gestations.
authors.affiliation: IGENOMIX, Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino 9, Paterna, 46980, Valencia, Spain, inmaculada.campos@igenomix.com.
authors.forename: Inmaculada
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Campos-Galindo
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: García-Herrero
authors.forename: José Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martínez-Conejero
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferro
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Simón
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rubio
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D020732:Cytogenetic Analysis; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization / Q000235:genetics*; D005332:Fetoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015907:Hysteroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D007246:Infertility / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First / Q000235:genetics; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013076:Sperm Count