title: Thixotropy of nasal medications—its role in clinical practice.
abstract: Optimal medication should be characterized by good bioavailability, rapid onset of action, a long period of therapeutic activity, with preserved high safety profile and the lowest possible risk of side effects. Therefore, in addition to traditional drug administration routes, such as oral or injection, novel methods for drug applications, for example in the form of a nasal application have been developed. Because of the anatomy of the nose, drugs administered intranasally can be rapidly absorbed and, depending on the nature of the active substance, may act locally on the mucosa or can have a significant systemic effect. Most nasal drugs are developed in the form of solution administered as aerosol. In some cases, these solutions are thixotropic. They are able to change their physical properties under agitation to facilitate supply of the drug and its adhesion to the mucosa. Intranasal corticosteroids represent the mainstay of treatment for any form of chronic allergic rhinitis (AR) and moderate to severe periodic AR, especially with impaired nasal obstruction and frequent occurrence of symptoms. The article discusses the rheological properties of intranasal corticosteroids, their role in therapy and efficacy in the everyday clinical practice.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koźmiński
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Diseases, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Poland. maciej.kupczyk@umed.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kupczyk
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D059085:Nasal Sprays; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D059085:Nasal Sprays