title: Chorionic morphine, naltrexone and pentoxifylline effect on hypophyso-gonadal hormones of male rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Knowledge about harmful effects of morphine on hormone secretion seems to be necessary. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of pentoxifylline on side effects derived by morphine on hypophyso-gonadal hormones of male rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  32 male rats were divided into the 4 groups of OSS: control (received 40 g Sucrose/l drinking water and intraperitoneal injection of 1 l/kg normal saline), OMS: morphine group (received 0.4 mg/l + 40 g Sucrose/l in drinking water and intraperitoneal injection of 1 l/kg normal saline), NMS: morphine+naltrexane group (received 0.4 mg/l + 40 g Sucrose/l in drinking water and IP injection dose of 10 mg/kg/ml/day Naltrexane) and PMS: morphine + pentoxifylline group (received 0.4 mg/dl + 40 g Sucrose/l in drinking water and IP injection dose of 12 mg/kg/ml/day Pentoxifylline) for 56 days, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum levels of testosterone, LH, FSH hormones were measured. Pentoxifylline increased serum levels of testosterone, LH, FSH hormones compared to control, morphine and morphine-naltrexane groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pentoxifylline has a significant efficacy for increasing serum levels of sexual hormones. Considering that Pentoxifylline is safe and cheap, with easy application, we suggest for the usage of this drug for improving semen parameter's quality before performing ART for the treatment of morphine addicts (Fig. 1, Ref. 31).
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moradi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahmoodi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raoofi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghanbari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006065:Gonadotropins, Pituitary / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000633:toxicity*; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D009294:Narcotics / Q000633:toxicity; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D006065:Gonadotropins, Pituitary; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009294:Narcotics; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D013739:Testosterone; D009271:Naltrexone; D009020:Morphine; D010431:Pentoxifylline
keywords: morphine; naltrexane; pentoxifylline; rat.