title: Prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infections among military personnel.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Data regarding Hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV) prevalence among military personnel in Brazil are lacking, but the work-related risk of exposure can be high. The objective of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV and the risk factors associated to HBV exposure among Brazilian military personnel.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted and included 433 male military adults aged 18-25 years old working in Rio de Janeiro during October 2013. All individuals completed a questionnaire to assess their risk of exposure and provided a blood sample to HBV and HCV testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the participants presented HBsAg or anti-HBc IgM, 18 (4.1%) were positive for total anti-HBc, 247 (57.0%) were positive for anti-HBs, and 3 (0.7%) were anti-HCV reactive. The majority of military personnel with past HBV infection (anti-HBc reactive) and HBV immunity (anti-HBs reactive) had a history of prior dental procedures (88.9% and 77.3%), consumption of alcohol at least once a week (50% and 55.9%), and practiced oral sex (61.1% and 58.3%, respectively). In addition, anti-HBc positivity was common among individuals with a history of surgery (44.4%) and practice of anal sex (50%). At univariate analysis, age group was associated to anti-HBc and anti-HBs positivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low rates of HBV and HCV infection were observed among Brazilian military personnel in comparison to the general Brazilian population. HBV immunity rates were relatively low indicating the need for vaccination campaigns in this group.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Electronic address: lvillar@ioc.fiocruz.br.
authors.forename: Livia M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Villar
authors.affiliation: São Lucas Hospital, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kycia Maria R do
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Ó
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leticia P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Scalioni
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Helena M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Moyra M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Portilho
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Carolina F
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Mendonça
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Miguel
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andreza S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Gaffrée & Guinle University Hospital, School of Medicine and Surgery, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adilson J de
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lampe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000276:immunology; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000097:blood; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000276:immunology; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies
keywords: Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C; Military personnel; Prevalence