title: Posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with "all-inside" technique: a technical note.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries are an increasingly recognized cause of knee instability in the practice of orthopaedic surgery and sports medicine. Clinical interest in these injuries has been increasing over the last several decades as knowledge and understanding of the biomechanical consequences and surgical reconstruction options have progressed. These injuries can be extremely challenging for the treating physician as substantial controversy exists regarding the optimal management of this problem. There has also been increasing interest and recognition of the importance of secondary stabilizing structures, including the posterolateral and posteromedial corner injuries as well as the issues with malalignment that must also be addressed at the time of PCL surgery to optimize results. Thanks to the continuous research for a correct anatomical placement and new systems of fixation, we can now perform the tibial and femoral bone tunnel more easily and safely by retrograde out-in approach with a special "drill-pin".
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  this technique provides a graduated precise execution of the tunnels. New methods were also developed to determine the so-called "second-generation cortical suspensory fixations" that have the feature of being "Adjustable": shortens implant by pulling on strands to allow cinching graft passing and tensioning button to regulate their length after fixation and then to create tension in the new graft, once introduced into the joint.
authors.affiliation: Knee Surgery and Sports Traumatology Unit, Human-itas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Corrado
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bait
authors.affiliation: Knee Surgery and Sports Traumatology Unit, Human-itas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Denti
authors.affiliation: Knee Surgery and Sports Traumatology Unit, Human-itas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Prospero
authors.affiliation: Knee Surgery and Sports Traumatology Unit, Human-itas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quaglia
authors.affiliation: Knee Surgery and Sports Traumatology Unit, Human-itas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orgiani
authors.affiliation: Knee Surgery and Sports Traumatology Unit, Human-itas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Piero
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Volpi
keywords: alignment; implant position; knee arthroplasty; patient specific; unicompartmental