title: Abstinence rates among college cigarette smokers enrolled in a randomized clinical trial evaluating Quit and Win contests: The impact of concurrent hookah use.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine baseline characteristics and biochemically verified 1-, 4-, and 6-month tobacco quit rates among college students enrolled in a Quit and Win cessation trial, comparing those who concurrently smoke both hookah and cigarettes with those who deny hookah use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analyses were conducted on data from 1217 college students enrolled in a Quit and Win tobacco cessation randomized clinical trial from 2010-2012. Multivariable logistic regression (MLR) analyses examined group differences in baseline characteristics and cotinine verified 30-day abstinence at 1, 4, and 6-month follow-up, adjusting for baseline covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants smoked 11.5(±8.1) cigarettes per day on 28.5(±3.8) days/month, and 22% smoked hookah in the past 30days. Hookah smokers (n=270) were more likely to be male (p<0.0001), younger (p<0.0001), report more binge drinking (p<0.0001) and score higher on impulsivity (p<0.001). MLR results indicate that hookah users, when compared to non-users, had a 36% decrease in odds of self-reported 30-day abstinence at 4-months (OR=0.64, 95% CI=0.45-0.93, p=0.02) and a 63% decrease in odds in biochemically verified continuous abstinence at 6-months (OR=0.37, CI=0.14-0.99, p=0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  College cigarette smokers who concurrently use hookah display several health risk factors and demonstrate lower short and long-term tobacco abstinence rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St. SE Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA. Electronic address: jthomas@umn.edu.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St. SE Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA. Electronic address: jeronco@umn.edu.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Bengtson
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St. SE Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA. Electronic address: wangx890@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. Electronic address: luox0054@umn.edu.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St. SE Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA. Electronic address: Marig002@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Erick
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marigi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St. SE Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA. Electronic address: Ghide002@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Winta
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ghidei
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St. SE Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA; Center for Health Equity, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St. SE Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA. Electronic address: jahluwal@umn.edu.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ahluwalia
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D062789:Tobacco Products / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014495:Universities; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Awards and prizes; Cigarette smoking; College students; Hookah smoking; Smoking cessation; Young adult