title: Determination of the in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity on salivary Streptococci and Lactobacilli and chemical characterisation of the phenolic content of a Plantago lanceolata infusion.
abstract: Introduction. Plant extracts may be suitable alternative treatments for caries. Aims. To investigate the in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial effects of Plantago lanceolata herbal tea (from flowers and leaves) on cariogenic bacteria and to identify the major constituents of P. lanceolata plant. Materials and Methods. The MIC and MBC against cariogenic bacteria were determined for P. lanceolata tea. Subsequently, a controlled random clinical study was conducted. Group A was instructed to rinse with a P. lanceolata mouth rinse, and Group B received a placebo mouth rinse for seven days. The salivary colonisation by streptococci and lactobacilli was investigated prior to treatment and on the fourth and seventh days. Finally, the P. lanceolata tea was analysed for its polyphenolic content, and major phenolics were identified. Results and Discussion. P. lanceolata teas demonstrate good in vitro antimicrobial activity. The in vivo test showed that Group A subjects presented a significant decrease in streptococci compared to Group B. The phytochemical analysis revealed that flavonoids, coumarins, lipids, cinnamic acids, lignans, and phenolic compounds are present in P. lanceolata infusions. Conclusions. P. lanceolata extract could represent a natural anticariogenic agent via an antimicrobial effect and might be useful as an ancillary measure to control the proliferation of cariogenic flora.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Reproduction and Odontostomatologic Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80100 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianmaria Fabrizio
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1723-106X
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Ferrazzano
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Reproduction and Odontostomatologic Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80100 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2648-175X
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cantile
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Reproduction and Odontostomatologic Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80100 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Lia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Roberto
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Reproduction and Odontostomatologic Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80100 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Aniello
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ingenito
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80100 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Rosaria
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8765-137X
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Catania
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80100 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Roscetto
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80100 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9380-8436
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Palumbo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80100 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Armando
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7866-821X
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zarrelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80100 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonino
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3018-7921
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pollio
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D010943:Plantago / Q000737:chemistry*; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology*; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000187:drug effects*; D020298:U937 Cells
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts