title: Nutrients and pharmaceuticals removal from wastewater by culture and harvesting of Chlorella sorokiniana.
abstract: This work aimed to study both the removal of nutrients and pharmaceuticals, namely salicylic acid or paracetamol, from water by the culture of Chlorella sorokiniana. The removal of nutrients was nearly complete at the end of the batch culture; above 70% for nitrates and 89% for phosphates in the semicontinuous culture. The pharmaceuticals removal kinetics were 2.3 times greater for the salicylic acid than paracetamol, reaching volumetric efficiencies above 93% for salicylic acid in the semicontinuous culture. Finally, to separate the microalgae biomass from treated water, metal salts, synthetic polyelectrolytes and a biopolymer were tested as coagulants-flocculants. The best flocculation results were achieved with AlCl3 (95.23% with 200mgg(-1), 1min incubation time). However, given that resulting flocs had different characteristics, flocculants must be chosen on the basis of the subsequent use of the biomass.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Environment, Natural Resources and Biodiversity (IMARENABIO), University of León, 24071 León, Spain. Electronic address: carla.escapa@unileon.es.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Escapa
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Environment, Natural Resources and Biodiversity (IMARENABIO), University of León, 24071 León, Spain. Electronic address: ricado.decoimbra@unileon.es.
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Coimbra
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Environment, Natural Resources and Biodiversity (IMARENABIO), University of León, 24071 León, Spain. Electronic address: spanb@unileon.es.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paniagua
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Environment, Natural Resources and Biodiversity (IMARENABIO), University of León, 24071 León, Spain. Electronic address: ana.garcia@unileon.es.
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: García
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Environment, Natural Resources and Biodiversity (IMARENABIO), University of León, 24071 León, Spain. Electronic address: marta.otero@unileon.es.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Otero
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000737:chemistry; D000077410:Aluminum Chloride; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018533:Biomass; D002708:Chlorella; D002712:Chlorides / Q000737:chemistry; D005427:Flocculation; D058086:Microalgae; D009566:Nitrates / Q000737:chemistry; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000082:Acetaminophen; D000077410:Aluminum Chloride; D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D002712:Chlorides; D009566:Nitrates; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D010710:Phosphates; D020156:Salicylic Acid; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Acetaminophen; Coagulation–flocculation; Emerging contaminants; Microalgae; Salicylic acid