title: 2H,3H-decafluoropentane-based nanodroplets: new perspectives for oxygen delivery to hypoxic cutaneous tissues.
abstract: Perfluoropentane (PFP)-based oxygen-loaded nanobubbles (OLNBs) were previously proposed as adjuvant therapeutic tools for pathologies of different etiology sharing hypoxia as a common feature, including cancer, infection, and autoimmunity. Here we introduce a new platform of oxygen nanocarriers, based on 2H,3H-decafluoropentane (DFP) as core fluorocarbon. These new nanocarriers have been named oxygen-loaded nanodroplets (OLNDs) since DFP is liquid at body temperature, unlike gaseous PFP. Dextran-shelled OLNDs, available either in liquid or gel formulations, display spherical morphology, ~600 nm diameters, anionic charge, good oxygen carrying capacity, and no toxic effects on human keratinocytes after cell internalization. In vitro OLNDs result more effective in releasing oxygen to hypoxic environments than former OLNBs, as demonstrated by analysis through oxymetry. In vivo, OLNDs effectively enhance oxy-hemoglobin levels, as emerged from investigation by photoacoustic imaging. Interestingly, ultrasound (US) treatment further improves transdermal oxygen release from OLNDs. Taken together, these data suggest that US-activated, DFP-based OLNDs might be innovative, suitable and cost-effective devices to topically treat hypoxia-associated pathologies of the cutaneous tissues.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prato
authors.affiliation: Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Magnetto
authors.affiliation: FujiFilm VisualSonics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jithin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jose
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Amina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khadjavi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cavallo
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Quaglino
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Panariti
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rivolta
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Benintende
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Varetto
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Argenziano
authors.affiliation: Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Troia
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cavalli
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guiot
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes; D007700:Kinetics; D008422:Materials Testing; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D036103:Nanotechnology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013010:Sonication
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D005466:Fluorocarbons; C000605796:2H,3H-decafluoropentane; D010100:Oxygen