title: Challenges and opportunities in genetic improvement of local livestock breeds.
abstract: Sufficient genetic variation in livestock populations is necessary both for adaptation to future changes in climate and consumer demand, and for continual genetic improvement of economically important traits. Unfortunately, the current trend is for reduced genetic variation, both within and across breeds. The latter occurs primarily through the loss of small, local breeds. Inferior production is a key driver for loss of small breeds, as they are replaced by high-output international transboundary breeds. Selection to improve productivity of small local breeds is therefore critical for their long term survival. The objective of this paper is to review the technology options available for the genetic improvement of small local breeds and discuss their feasibility. Most technologies have been developed for the high-input breeds and consequently are more favorably applied in that context. Nevertheless, their application in local breeds is not precluded and can yield significant benefits, especially when multiple technologies are applied in close collaboration with farmers and breeders. Breeding strategies that require cooperation and centralized decision-making, such as optimal contribution selection, may in fact be more easily implemented in small breeds.
authors.affiliation: Parco Tecnologico Padano , Lodi, Italy.
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Biscarini
authors.affiliation: Parco Tecnologico Padano , Lodi, Italy.
authors.forename: Ezequiel L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Nicolazzi
authors.affiliation: Parco Tecnologico Padano , Lodi, Italy ; Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council , Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stella
authors.affiliation: Animal Production and Health Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations , Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Boettcher
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health, University of Milan , Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gandini
keywords: genetic diversity; genomics; local breeds; phenotyping; selection