title: Decline of the lung function and quality of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to verify to which extent in type 2 diabetes mellitus respiratory function and respiratory muscle efficiency decline over time in relation to the quality of glycemic control (GC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five non-smoker diabetic patients without pulmonary diseases performed a complete respiratory function assessment at baseline and after a follow-up of 4.9±0.6 years. The respiratory muscle efficiency was assessed by maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV). Patients with an average yearly value of glycosylated hemoglobin≥7.5% at least in two years during follow-up were considered to have a poor GC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Residual volume and pulmonary diffusing capacity significantly declined over time in the whole sample of patients (p=0.049 and 0.025, respectively), but without difference between patients with poor (n. 12) and good (n. 33) GC. MIP declined in patients with poor GC (from 83.75±32.42 to 71.16±30.43% pred), and increased in those with good GC (from 76.22±26.00 to 82.42±30.34% pred), but the difference between groups was not significant (p=0.091). Finally, MVV significantly declined in patients with poor GC (from 70.60±25.49 to 68.10±18.82% pred) and increased in those with good GC (from 66.40±20.39 to 84.00±23.09% pred) with a significant difference between the two groups (p=0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that, in type 2 diabetic patients, respiratory muscle efficiency, but not lung volumes and diffusing capacity, might suffer from a poor GC over time.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Medicine Unit, Catholic University, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: leofuso@rm.unicatt.it.
authors.forename: Leonello
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fuso
authors.affiliation: Diabetology Unit, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pitocco
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Medicine Unit, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Carola
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Condoluci
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Medicine Unit, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Conte
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Medicine Unit, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Contu
authors.affiliation: Diabetology Unit, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rizzi
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Medicine Unit, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Angeletti
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Medicine Unit, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Benedetta F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Bibi
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, Campus Biomedico University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Antonelli-Incalzi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011653:Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012132:Respiratory Muscles / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin
keywords: Glycemic control; Pulmonary diffusing capacity; Respiratory function; Respiratory muscle