title: Shifting trends in the incidence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia in hospitalized adults in the United States from 1996-2010.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia (PAS) is associated with high mortality rates and substantial resource utilization; however, the burden of PAS in the United States in recent years is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective analysis of the U.S. National Hospital Discharge Surveys from 1996-2010. Adult patients with an ICD-9-CM code for PAS (038.43) were included. Incidence, in-hospital mortality, and hospital length of stay (LOS) for PAS discharges were reported. Incidence was calculated as PAS discharges per 10,000 total adult discharges.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 213,553 patients had a PAS discharge diagnosis during the study period. Patients had a median (interquartile range [IQR]) age of 69 (55-78) years and were predominately men (61%) and white (75%). PAS incidence declined from 6.5 per 10,000 in 1996 to 3.1 per 10,000 in 2001 and then increased to 6.5 per 10,000 in 2010. PAS incidence was highest in the Northeast (7.6 per 10,000) and lowest in the South (6.2 per 10,000). The overall mortality rate was 16%, but this ranged from 10%-26% over the study period. Median LOS was 10 (IQR, 6-19) days, and this varied over the study period (8-13 days).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of PAS has increased among hospitalized adults in the United States since 2001, with little evidence of improvement in mortality or LOS.
authors.affiliation: University of Washington School of Pharmacy Department of Pharmacy, Seattle, WA. Electronic address: bwerth@uw.edu.
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Werth
authors.affiliation: Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY.
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Carreno
authors.affiliation: Pharmacotherapy Division, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX; Pharmacotherapy Education and Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX.
authors.forename: Kelly R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Reveles
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018805:Sepsis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bacteremia; Gram negative; Health care epidemiology; Nosocomial infection; Sepsis