title: A glycine insertion in the estrogen-related receptor (ERR) is associated with enhanced expression of three cytochrome P450 genes in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster.
abstract: Insecticide-resistant Drosophila melanogaster strains represent a resource for the discovery of the underlying molecular mechanisms of cytochrome P450 constitutive over-expression, even if some of these P450s are not directly involved in the resistance phenotype. For example, in select 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) resistant strains the glucocorticoid receptor-like (GR-like) potential transcription factor binding motifs (TFBMs) have previously been shown to be associated with constitutively differentially-expressed cytochrome P450s, Cyp12d1, Cyp6g2 and Cyp9c1. However, insects are not known to have glucocorticoids. The only ortholog to the mammalian glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in D. melanogaster is an estrogen-related receptor (ERR) gene, which has two predicted alternative splice isoforms (ERRa and ERRb). Sequencing of ERRa and ERRb in select DDT susceptible and resistant D. melanogaster strains has revealed a glycine (G) codon insertion which was only observed in the ligand binding domain of ERR from the resistant strains tested (ERR-G). Transgenic flies, expressing the ERRa-G allele, constitutively over-expressed Cyp12d1, Cyp6g2 and Cyp9c1. Only Cyp12d1 and Cyp6g2 were over-expressed in the ERRb-G transgenic flies. Phylogenetic studies show that the G-insertion appeared to be located in a less conserved domain in ERR and this insertion is found in multiple species across the Sophophora subgenera.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illionois, 61801, United States of America.
authors.forename: Weilin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illionois, 61801, United States of America.
authors.forename: M Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Valero
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illionois, 61801, United States of America.
authors.forename: Keon Mook
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Seong
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illionois, 61801, United States of America.
authors.forename: Laura D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Steele
authors.affiliation: Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, R. O. C.
authors.forename: I-Ting
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, R. O. C.
authors.forename: Chien-Hui
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary & Animal Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, United States of America.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xinghui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illionois, 61801, United States of America.
authors.forename: Barry R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Pittendrigh
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D005998:Glycine / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D010802:Phylogeny; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D000097983:ERRalpha Estrogen-Related Receptor
chemical_list: D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D005998:Glycine; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D000097983:ERRalpha Estrogen-Related Receptor; C554957:cytochrome P-450 12D1, Drosophila; C000603270:cytochrome P-450 6G2, Drosophila; C000603271:cytochrome P-450 9C1, Drosophila