title: Autoimmune hepatitis: East meets west.
abstract: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an inflammatory liver disease with diverse clinical spectrum, which predominantly affects females. This review provides detailed comparisons of epidemiology, genetic predispositions, clinical features, risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma, and mortality in AIH patients between eastern and western countries. AIH prevalence and incidence are lower in Asia-Pacific area than in Europe and America. European and American patients seem to have more severe disease, characterized with human leukocyte antigen-DR3 haplotype, younger age, more AIH-induced "cirrhosis" at diagnosis, higher elevated serum immunoglobulin G levels, and positive rate of antisoluble liver antigen/liver pancreatitis. The overall AIH diagnostic accuracy of revised original criteria and simplified scoring system are similar in European/American populations and Asian. Cirrhosis at presentation and non-response to immunosuppressive therapy within 1 year are the most important predictors for poor prognosis of AIH patients.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Qixia
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zhaolian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bian
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Lin-Lin
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Liver Research Center & Clinical Epidemiology and EBM Unit, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jidong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000569:Americas / Q000453:epidemiology; D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D015803:HLA-DR3 Antigen / Q000235:genetics; D006239:Haplotypes; D019693:Hepatitis, Autoimmune / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D015994:Incidence; D000069285:Infliximab / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis; D008113:Liver Neoplasms; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D015803:HLA-DR3 Antigen; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D000069285:Infliximab
keywords: autoimmune disease; autoimmune hepatitis; autoimmune liver disease; liver disease