title: The addition of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate and isomaltulose to whey protein improves recovery from highly demanding resistance exercise.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated whether a combination of whey protein (WP), calcium beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB), and carbohydrate exert additive effects on recovery from highly demanding resistance exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen resistance-trained men (age: 22.6 ± 3.9 years; height: 175.3 ± 12.2 cm; weight: 86.2 ± 9.8 kg) completed a double-blinded, counterbalanced, within-group study. Subjects ingested EAS Recovery Protein (RP; EAS Sports Nutrition/Abbott Laboratories, Columbus, OH) or WP twice daily for 2 weeks prior to, during, and for 2 days following 3 consecutive days of intense resistance exercise. The workout sequence included heavy resistance exercise (day 1) and metabolic resistance exercise (days 2 and 3). The subjects performed no physical activity during day 4 (+24 hours) and day 5 (+48 hours), where recovery testing was performed. Before, during, and following the 3 workouts, treatment outcomes were evaluated using blood-based muscle damage markers and hormones, perceptual measures of muscle soreness, and countermovement jump performance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Creatine kinase was lower for the RP treatment on day 2 (RP: 166.9 ± 56.4 vs WP: 307.1 ± 125.2 IU · L(-1), p ≤ 0.05), day 4 (RP: 232.5 ± 67.4 vs WP: 432.6 ± 223.3 IU · L(-1), p ≤ 0.05), and day 5 (RP: 176.1 ± 38.7 vs 264.5 ± 120.9 IU · L(-1), p ≤ 0.05). Interleukin-6 was lower for the RP treatment on day 4 (RP: 1.2 ± 0.2 vs WP: 1.6 ± 0.6 pg · ml(-1), p ≤ 0.05) and day 5 (RP: 1.1 ± 0.2 vs WP: 1.6 ± 0.4 pg · ml(-1), p ≤ 0.05). Muscle soreness was lower for RP treatment on day 4 (RP: 2.0 ± 0.7 vs WP: 2.8 ± 1.1 cm, p ≤ 0.05). Vertical jump power was higher for the RP treatment on day 4 (RP: 5983.2 ± 624 vs WP 5303.9 ± 641.7 W, p ≤ 0.05) and day 5 (RP: 5792.5 ± 595.4 vs WP: 5200.4 ± 501 W, p ≤ 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that during times of intense conditioning, the recovery benefits of WP are enhanced with the addition of HMB and a slow-release carbohydrate. We observed reductions in markers of muscle damage and improved athletic performance.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio.
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kraemer
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Hooper
authors.forename: Tunde K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Szivak
authors.forename: Brian R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Kupchak
authors.forename: Courtenay
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dunn-Lewis
authors.forename: Brett A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Comstock
authors.forename: Shawn D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Flanagan
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Looney
authors.forename: Adam J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sterczala
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: DuPont
authors.forename: J Luke
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pryor
authors.forename: Hiu-Ying
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Luk
authors.forename: Jesse
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maladoungdock
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McDermott
authors.forename: Jeff S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Volek
authors.forename: Carl M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Maresh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007534:Isomaltose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D063806:Myalgia / Q000503:physiopathology; D058748:Pain Perception / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D064797:Physical Conditioning, Human / Q000379:methods; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D014631:Valerates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000067816:Whey Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D014631:Valerates; D000067816:Whey Proteins; C004961:beta-hydroxyisovaleric acid; D007534:Isomaltose; D003402:Creatine Kinase; C008189:isomaltulose
keywords: HMB; carbohydrate; exercise; muscle damage; resistance training; whey protein