title: Rhodamine B removal with activated carbons obtained from lignocellulosic waste.
abstract: By-products from the wax production process from carnauba palm (leaves), from the extraction of oil from macauba seeds (endocarp) and from pine nut production (shell) have been assessed for activated carbon production, using H3PO4 or CaCl2 for their chemical activation. The resulting activated charcoals have been thoroughly characterized by elemental and thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, electron scanning microscopy and N2 adsorption behavior. Subsequently, their adsorption capacity for the removal of rhodamine B (RhB) from aqueous solutions has been evaluated by studying different parameters: contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration and solution temperature. The adsorption of RhB followed Freundlich's model in all cases. Kinetic studies indicate that the pseudo-second order model can be used for describing the dynamics of the adsorption process. Thermodynamic parameters have also been evaluated, indicating its endothermic and spontaneous nature. Finally, a preliminary analysis of the impact of cellulose content in the carbon precursor materials has been conducted, by using a mixture of native cellulose with one of the lignocellulosic materials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Viviane
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: da Silva Lacerda
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: López-Sotelo
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Correa-Guimarães
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hernández-Navarro
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Báscones
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Navas-Gracia
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Higher Polytechnic School of Huesca, Universidad de Zaragoza, Carretera de Cuarte s/n, 22071 Huesca, Spain.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martín-Ramos
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain. Electronic address: jesusmartingil@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martín-Gil
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry*; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial; D012235:Rhodamines / Q000737:chemistry*; D012639:Seeds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D012235:Rhodamines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C036909:lignocellulose; D002606:Charcoal; D008031:Lignin; C029773:rhodamine B
keywords: Acrocomia aculeata; Activated carbon; Adsorption; Copernicia prunifera; Pinus pinea; Rhodamine B