title: Conditioning With Sevoflurane in Liver Transplantation: Results of a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During times of organ scarcity and extended use of liver grafts, protective strategies in transplantation are gaining importance. We demonstrated in the past that volatile anesthetics such as sevoflurane attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury during liver resection. In this randomized study, we examined if volatile anesthetics have an effect on acute graft injury and clinical outcomes after liver transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cadaveric liver transplant recipients were enrolled from January 2009 to September 2012 at 3 University Centers (Zurich/Sao Paulo/Ghent). Recipients were randomly assigned to propofol (control group) or sevoflurane anesthesia. Postoperative peak of aspartate transaminase was defined as primary endpoint, secondary endpoints were early allograft dysfunction, in-hospital complications, intensive care unit, and hospital stay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-eight recipients were randomized to propofol (n = 48) or sevoflurane (n = 50). Median peak aspartate transaminase after transplantation was 925 (interquartile range, 512-3274) in the propofol and 1097 (interquartile range, 540-2633) in the sevoflurane group. In the propofol arm, 11 patients (23%) experienced early allograft dysfunction, 7 (14%) in the sevoflurane one (odds ratio, 0.64 (0.20 to 2.02, P = 0.45). There were 4 mortalities (8.3%) in the propofol and 2 (4.0%) in the sevoflurane group. Overall and major complication rates were not different. An effect on clinical outcomes was observed favoring the sevoflurane group (less severe complications), but without significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This first multicenter trial comparing propofol with sevoflurane anesthesia in liver transplantation shows no difference in biochemical markers of acute organ injury and clinical outcomes between the 2 regimens. Sevoflurane has no significant added beneficial effect on ischemia-reperfusion injury compared to propofol.
authors.affiliation: 1 Institute of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. 2 Swiss HPB and Transplant Center, Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. 3 Liver and Gastrointestinal Transplant Division, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clinicas, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil. 4 Discipline of Anesthesiology, Hospital das Clinicas, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil. 5 Department of Anaesthesiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. 6 Transplantation Center and Department of General and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. 7 Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. 8 Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. 9 Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Beatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Beck-Schimmer
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bonvini
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schadde
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dutkowski
authors.forename: Christian E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Oberkofler
authors.forename: Mickael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lesurtel
authors.forename: Michelle L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: DeOliveira
authors.forename: Estela R R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Figueira
authors.forename: Joel A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rocha Filho
authors.forename: Jose Otavio Costa
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Auler
authors.forename: Luiz A C
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: D'Albuquerque
authors.forename: Koen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reyntjens
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wouters
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Rogiers
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Debaerdemaeker
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Ganter
authors.forename: Achim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Milo A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Puhan
authors.forename: Pierre-Alain
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Clavien
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Breitenstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001530:Belgium; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001938:Brazil; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D055031:Primary Graft Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015742:Propofol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012307:Risk Factors; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D013557:Switzerland; D013997:Time Factors; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D015415:Biomarkers; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D015742:Propofol