title: Non-protein coding RNA genes as the novel diagnostic markers for the discrimination of Salmonella species using PCR.
abstract: Salmonellosis, a communicable disease caused by members of the Salmonella species, transmitted to humans through contaminated food or water. It is of paramount importance, to generate accurate detection methods for discriminating the various Salmonella species that cause severe infection in humans, including S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A. Here, we formulated a strategy of detection and differentiation of salmonellosis by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay using S. Typhi non-protein coding RNA (sRNA) genes. With the designed sequences that specifically detect sRNA genes from S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A, a detection limit of up to 10 pg was achieved. Moreover, in a stool-seeding experiment with S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A, we have attained a respective detection limit of 15 and 1.5 CFU/mL. The designed strategy using sRNA genes shown here is comparatively sensitive and specific, suitable for clinical diagnosis and disease surveillance, and sRNAs represent an excellent molecular target for infectious disease.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ravichantar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nithya
authors.affiliation: Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Siti Aminah
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Chee-Hock
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hoe
authors.affiliation: Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia; Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering & School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Subash C B
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Gopinath
authors.affiliation: Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Marimuthu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Citartan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences AIMST University, Bedong, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Suresh V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Chinni
authors.affiliation: Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Li Pin
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Pathology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
authors.forename: Timofey S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Rozhdestvensky
authors.affiliation: Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Thean-Hock
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D060885:Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012475:Salmonella / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology*; D012482:Salmonella paratyphi A / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D022661:RNA, Untranslated