title: Ureteric injury during transvaginal ultrasound guided oocyte retrieval.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transvaginal ultrasound guided oocyte retrieval during in vitro fertilization is performed routinely around the world and has reduced the occurrence of intra-abdominal injury considerably over laparoscopic procedures. Despite this, injuries do occur.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a case of a 37-year-old patient who underwent IVF and encountered a ureteric injury during oocyte retrieval, which was recognized early and treated with ureteral stents with full resolution. During a subsequent IVF cycle, stenting of the ureters allowed better visualization, resulting in an uneventful retrieval and subsequent pregnancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ureteric injury can occur during transvaginal ultrasound guided egg retrieval. Prompt recognition is vital to successful treatment. Stenting of the ureters is the most common therapeutic modality and can be used in subsequent retrievals to identify the ureters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Western University, London ON; The Fertility Clinic, London Health Sciences Centre, London ON.
authors.forename: Angelos G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Vilos
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Western University, London ON; The Fertility Clinic, London Health Sciences Centre, London ON.
authors.forename: Valter
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Feyles
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Western University, London ON; The Fertility Clinic, London Health Sciences Centre, London ON; St. Joseph's Health Centre, London ON.
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Vilos
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Western University, London ON; The Fertility Clinic, London Health Sciences Centre, London ON.
authors.forename: Ayman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oraif
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Western University, London ON; The Fertility Clinic, London Health Sciences Centre, London ON.
authors.forename: Hanin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abdul-Jabbar
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Western University, London ON.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Power
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D054315:Oocyte Retrieval / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015607:Stents; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional; D014513:Ureter / Q000293:injuries*
keywords: embryo transfer; in vitro fertilization; transvaginal oocyte retrieval; ureteral injury; uretero-vaginal fistula