title: In vitro matured oocytes are more susceptible than in vivo matured oocytes to mock ICSI induced functional and genetic changes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Concerns regarding the safety of ICSI have been intensified recently due to increased risk of birth defects in ICSI born children. Although fertilization rate is significantly higher in ICSI cycles, studies have failed to demonstrate the benefits of ICSI in improving the pregnancy rate. Poor technical skill, and suboptimal in vitro conditions may account for the ICSI results however, there is no report on the effects of oocyte manipulations on the ICSI outcome.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study elucidates the influence of mock ICSI on the functional and genetic integrity of the mouse oocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) level, mitochondrial status, and phosphorylation of H2AX were assessed in the in vivo matured and IVM oocytes subjected to mock ICSI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant increase in ROS level was observed in both in vivo matured and IVM oocytes subjected to mock ICSI (P<0.05-0.001) whereas unique mitochondrial distribution pattern was found only in IVM oocytes (P<0.01-0.001). Importantly, differential H2AX phosphorylation was observed in both in vivo matured and IVM oocytes subjected to mock ICSI (P <0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data from this study suggests that mock ICSI can alter genetic and functional integrity in oocytes and IVM oocytes are more vulnerable to mock ICSI induced changes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Embryology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal-576 104, India.
authors.forename: Shubhashree
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uppangala
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Embryology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal-576 104, India.
authors.forename: Shilly
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dhiman
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Embryology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal-576 104, India.
authors.forename: Sujit Raj
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Salian
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Embryology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal-576 104, India.
authors.forename: Vikram Jeet
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Embryology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal-576 104, India.
authors.forename: Guruprasad
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kalthur
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Embryology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal-576 104, India.
authors.forename: Satish Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Adiga
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques / Q000379:methods; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000502:physiology*; D009865:Oocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011247:Pregnancy; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D006657:Histones; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C475961:gamma-H2AX protein, mouse