title: Ophthalmology issues in schizophrenia.
abstract: Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder associated with not only cognitive dysfunctions, such as memory and attention deficits, but also changes in basic sensory processing. Although most studies on schizophrenia have focused on disturbances in higher-order brain functions associated with the prefrontal cortex or frontal cortex, recent investigations have also reported abnormalities in low-level sensory processes, such as the visual system. At very early stages of the disease, schizophrenia patients frequently describe in detail symptoms of a disturbance in various aspects of visual perception that may lead to worse clinical symptoms and decrease in quality of life. Therefore, the aim of this review is to describe the various studies that have explored the visual issues in schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0946, USA, carolepm@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Carolina P B
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Gracitelli
authors.forename: Ricardo Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diniz-Filho
authors.forename: Fabiana Benites
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Vaz-de-Lima
authors.forename: Augusto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paranhos
authors.forename: Felipe A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Medeiros
mesh_terms: D003290:Convergence, Ocular; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D065839:Edinger-Westphal Nucleus / Q000473:pathology; D058068:Endophenotypes; D005133:Eye Movements; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D011698:Pursuit, Smooth; D011788:Quality of Life; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology*; D012438:Saccades; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014795:Visual Pathways / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014796:Visual Perception
chemical_list: D005973:Glutamine; D004298:Dopamine