title: One-year mortality rates in US children with end-stage renal disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Few published data describe survival rates for pediatric end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. We aimed to describe one-year mortality rates for US pediatric ESRD patients over a 15-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective cohort study, we used the US Renal Data System database to identify period-prevalent cohorts of patients aged younger than 19 for each year during the period 1995-2010. Yearly cohorts averaged approximately 1,200 maintenance dialysis patients (60% hemodialysis, 40% peritoneal dialysis) and 1,100 transplant recipients. Patients were followed for up to 1 year and censored at change in modality, loss to follow-up, or death. We calculated the unadjusted model-based mortality rates per time at risk, within each cohort year, by treatment modality (hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, transplant) and patient characteristics; percentage of deaths by cause; and overall adjusted odds of mortality by characteristics and modality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 50% of patients were in the age group 15-18, 55% were male, and 45% were female. The most common causes of ESRD were congenital/reflux/obstructive causes (55%) and glomerulonephritis (30%). One-year mortality rates showed evidence of a decrease in the number of peritoneal dialysis patients (6.03 per 100 patient-years, 1995; 2.43, 2010; p = 0.0263). Mortality rates for transplant recipients (average 0.68 per 100 patient-years) were consistently lower than the rates for all dialysis patients (average 4.36 per 100 patient-years).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One-year mortality rates differ by treatment modality in pediatric ESRD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, Minn., USA.
authors.forename: Blanche M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Chavers
authors.forename: Julia T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Molony
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Solid
authors.forename: Michelle N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Rheault
authors.forename: Allan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Collins
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000367:Age Factors; D002423:Cause of Death; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data