title: TiF4 and NaF varnishes as anti-erosive agents on enamel and dentin erosion progression in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study assessed the effect of fluoride varnishes on the progression of tooth erosion in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight enamel and 60 root dentin samples were previously demineralized (0.1% citric acid, pH 2.5, 30 min), leading to a baseline and erosive wear of 12.9 and 11.4 µm, respectively. The samples were randomly treated (6 h) with a 4% TiF4 varnish (2.45%F-, pH 1.0), a 5.42% NaF varnish (2.45%F-, pH 5.0), a placebo varnish and no varnish (control). The samples were then subjected to erosive pH cycles (4x90 s/day in 0.1% citric acid, intercalated with artificial saliva) for 5 days. The increment of the erosive tooth wear was calculated. In the case of dentin, this final measurement was done with and without the demineralized organic matrix (DOM). Enamel and dentin data were analyzed using ANOVA/Tukey's and Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn tests, respectively (p<0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TiF4 (mean±s.d: 1.5±1.1 µm) and NaF (2.1±1.7 µm) varnishes significantly reduced enamel wear progression compared to the placebo varnish (3.9±1.1 µm) and control (4.5±0.9 µm). The same differences were found for dentin in the presence and absence of the DOM, respectively: TiF4 (average: 0.97/1.87 µm), NaF (1.03/2.13 µm), placebo varnish (3.53/4.47 µm) and control (3.53/4.36 µm).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TiF4 and NaF varnishes were equally effective in reducing the progression of tooth erosion in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Livia Picchi
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Comar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristiane de Almeida Baldini
authors.initials: Cde A
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Senda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Charone
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Larissa Tercilia
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Grizzo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marília Afonso Rabelo
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Buzalaf
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Carolina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Magalhães
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects*; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D011897:Random Allocation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017001:Tooth Demineralization; D014077:Tooth Erosion / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D014025:Titanium; D005459:Fluorides; C032240:titanium tetrafluoride