title: Fitness is a determinant of the metabolic response to endurance training in adolescents at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to determine whether changes in cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with the metabolic response to endurance training in adolescents at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-three overweight and obese adolescents completed a 6-month endurance exercise intervention. Total fat mass, trunk fat mass, visceral adipose tissue, and liver fat were assessed with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging spectroscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The change in cardiorespiratory fitness with training was independently associated with reductions in BMI z-score (β = -0.09; P = 0.006), total fat mass (β = -1.40; P = 0.007), trunk fat mass (β = -0.70; P = 0.01), and liver fat (β = -1.80; P = 0.053). Adolescents within the highest tertile of change in fitness were 4.67 (95% CI: 1.15-13.73; P = 0.03), 11.90 (95% CI: 2.37-59.77; P = 0.002), and 6.21 (95% CI: 1.14-33.99; P = 0.035) times more likely to experience decreases in body weight, BMI, and liver fat compared with adolescents in the lowest tertile.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The changes in adiposity and hepatic triglyceride content in response to endurance training are significantly related to the increase in cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents at risk of T2DM.
authors.affiliation: Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sénéchal
authors.forename: Meaghan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rempel
authors.forename: Todd A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Duhamel
authors.forename: Andrea C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: MacIntosh
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hay
authors.forename: Brandy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wicklow
authors.forename: Kristy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wittmeier
authors.forename: Garry X
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: McGavock
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000293:Adolescent; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014280:Triglycerides