title: Preservation surgery in patients with localized renal cell cancer--nephron sparing surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Renal Cell Cancer ( RCC) is third most frequent urological cancer behind Prostate cancer and Bladder cancer. It represents 2-3 % of all cancers with annual increase in incidence of 2% in Europe (except Denmark and Sweden) and worldwide. Surgery is the only curative procedure, performed as radical nephrectomy (RN) or partial nephrectomy (nephron sparing surgery-NSS). Radical nephrectomy consists of nephrectomy with ipsilateral adrenalectomy and lymphadenetomy, but partial nephrectomy means resection of the tumor only with 1-3 mm of healthy surrounding tissue and preservation of the rest of the kidney as well as ipsilateral adrenal gland and lymph nodes. NSS is a method of conservation of attacked kidney and preservation of kidney's function with previous radical resection of localized RCC, respecting of all oncological principles. The aim of this study is to describe NSS procedure in details and present results of its 13 year use at Clinic of Urology in Novi Sad.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the last 13 years there were 868 patients (pts) with RCC. NSS has been performed in 242 pts (27.88%). Bilateral tumors: synchronous 8 pts, asynchronous 3 pts. Better kidney has been operated, first. Indications for NSS were: absolute--34 pts (15.0%), relative--58 pts (23.1%) and elective--150 pts (61.9%).Surgery was performed according to esta- blished protocol for this procedure based on recommendation of Prof. A. Novick, Cleveland, USA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients underwent surgery under general anesthesia through lumbothomy, mostly.Tumor size was between 2.5-4.5 cm: over 4.5 cm (4-7 cm): 4 pts. Average age of pts--63.5 years (37-84), male: 148 (61.1%), female: 94 (38.9%). From 2001-2005, 2006-2010 i 2011-2013, 39,111 i 92 NSS has been done, respectively. It represented 13.5%, 36.6% , 50.54% of all pts with RCC underwent surgery in that period, respectively. There was an increase of NSS in that period compared to RN for localized RCC. There were no death outcomes inpts underwent NSS, local recurrence was seen in 1 patient (0.6%), urine leakage > 2 weeks 5 pts (5/242 = 2.06%),severe hemorrhage: 3 pts (1.23%), nephrectomy has been done. We do not have patients with von Hippel Landau (VHL) disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nephron sparing surgery Is the first choice of surgery for patients with low grade kidney tumors (up to 4.5 cm, even 7 cm), has excellent onco- logical results-comparable with radical nephrectomy, but with preservation of renal function and should be done by an experienced urological team in specialized urological centers with good anesteziological support.
authors.forename: Jasenko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Djozić
authors.forename: Senjin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Djozić
authors.forename: Jovo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bogdanović
authors.forename: Vuk
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sekulić
authors.forename: Maša
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Djozić
authors.forename: Saša
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vojinov
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Levakov
authors.forename: Srdjan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zivojinov
authors.forename: Dimitrije
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jeremić
authors.forename: Goran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marušić
authors.forename: Damir
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Djozić
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology*; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D009399:Nephrons / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D059351:Organ Sparing Treatments / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055771:Serbia; D047368:Tumor Burden