title: The underactive bladder: a new clinical concept?
abstract: Detrusor underactivity (DU) is an increasingly recognised cause of lower urinary tract symptoms in both men and women. There has been a lack of research into all aspects of this dysfunction, and as yet, no effective treatments exist. DU can be diagnosed at present only on the basis of an invasive urodynamic study. An international consensus group met at the International Consultation on Incontinence-Research Society and International Continence Society annual meetings in 2014 to consider the feasibility of developing a working definition of a symptom complex associated with DU. Drawing an analogy to detrusor overactivity (urodynamic diagnosis) and overactive bladder (symptom complex), the aim of this process is to help identify affected patients and facilitate further clinical and epidemiological research.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bladder underactivity is an underresearched but important cause of urinary symptoms in men and women. In this paper, an international expert group presents a working definition for the symptoms that characterise bladder underactivity, with the aim of facilitating further research in this area.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. Electronic address: c.r.chapple@shef.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Christopher R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Chapple
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Nadir I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Osman
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Birder
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gommert A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: van Koeveringe
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oelke
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Victor W
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Nitti
authors.affiliation: Bristol Urological Institute, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: Marcus J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Drake
authors.affiliation: Division of Bioengineering and LUTD Research, Nihon University School of Engineering, Koriyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Bristol Urological Institute, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Philip P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D032921:Consensus; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000145:classification* / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D014563:Urodynamics
keywords: Detrusor underactivity; Lower urinary tract symptoms; Underactive bladder