title: The relationship between self-esteem and sexual self-concept in people with physical-motor disabilities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Self-esteem is the value that the individuals give themselves, and sexual self-concept is also a part of individuality or sexual-self. Impairment or disability exists not only in the physical body of disabled people but also in their attitudes. Negative attitudes affect the mental health of disabled people, causing them to have lower self-esteem.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to examine the relationship between self-esteem and sexual self-concept in people with physical-motor disabilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 random samples with physical-motor disabilities covered by Isfahan Welfare Organization in 2013. Data collection instruments were the Persian Eysenck self-esteem questionnaire, and five domains (sexual anxiety, sexual self-efficacy, sexual self-esteem, sexual fear and sexual depression) of the Persian multidimensional sexual self-concept questionnaire. Because of incomplete filling of the questionnaires, the data of 183 people were analyzed by the SPSS 16.0 software. Data were analyzed using the t-test, Man-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests and Spearman correlation coefficient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age was 36.88 ± 8.94 years for women and 37.80 ± 10.13 for men. The mean scores of self-esteem among women and men were 15.80 ± 3.08 and 16.2 ± 2.90, respectively and there was no statistically significance difference. Comparison of the mean scores of sexual anxiety, sexual self-efficacy, sexual self-esteem, sexual fear and sexual depression among men and women showed that women scored higher than men in all domains. This difference was statistically significant in other domains except the sexual self-esteem (14.92 ± 3.61 vs. 13.56 ± 4.52) (P < 0.05). The Kruskal-Wallis test showed that except for sexual anxiety and sexual self-esteem, there was a statistical difference between other domains of people's sexual self-concept and degree of disability (P < 0.05). Moreover, Spearman coefficient showed that there was only a correlation between men's sexual anxiety, sexual self-esteem and sexual self-efficacy with their self-esteem. This correlation was positive in sexual anxiety and negative in two other domains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lack of difference in self-esteem of disabled people in different degrees of disability and in both men and women suggests that disabled people should not be presumed to have low self-esteem, and their different aspects of life should be attended to, just like others. Furthermore, studies should be designed and implemented based on psychological, social and environmental factors that can help disabled people to promote their positive sexual self-concept through marriage, and reduce their negative self-concept.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mehrdad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salehi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Hooman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kharaz Tavakol
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Maede
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shabani
authors.affiliation: Counseling and Reproductive Health Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Tayebe
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ziaei
keywords: Physically Disabled; Self-Esteem; Sexual Self-Concept