title: Proteome exploration to provide a resource for the investigation of Ganoderma lucidum.
abstract: Ganoderma lucidum is a basidiomycete white rot fungus that has been used for medicinal purposes worldwide. Although information concerning its genome and transcriptome has recently been reported, relatively little information is available for G. lucidum at the proteomic level. In this study, protein fractions from G. lucidum at three developmental stages (16-day mycelia, and fruiting bodies at 60 and 90 days) were prepared and subjected to LC-MS/MS analysis. A search against the G. lucidum genome database identified 803 proteins. Among these proteins, 61 lignocellulose degrading proteins were detected, most of which (49 proteins) were found in the 90-day fruiting bodies. Fourteen TCA-cycle related proteins, 17 peptidases, two argonaute-like proteins, and two immunomodulatory proteins were also detected. A majority (470) of the 803 proteins had GO annotations and were classified into 36 GO terms, with "binding", "catalytic activity", and "hydrolase activity" having high percentages. Additionally, 357 out of the 803 proteins were assigned to at least one COG functional category and grouped into 22 COG classifications. Based on the results from the proteomic and sequence alignment analyses, a potentially new immunomodulatory protein (GL18769) was expressed and shown to have high immunomodulatory activity. In this study, proteomic and biochemical analyses of G. lucidum were performed for the first time, revealing that proteins from this fungus can play significant bioactive roles and providing a new foundation for the further functional investigations that this fungus merits.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Guo-Jun
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Ya-Lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Hui
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Xia
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Alok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shrestha
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Xiang-Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D048690:Fruiting Bodies, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D063990:Gene Ontology; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism*; D020940:Reishi / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D020543:Proteome