title: The prevalence of frailty and related factors in community-dwelling Turkish elderly according to modified Fried Frailty Index and FRAIL scales.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of frailty with the Fried Frailty Index (FFI) and FRAIL scales (Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illness, Low weight) and also its associated factors in the community-dwelling Turkish elderly.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a cross-sectional population-based study in an urban area with a population of over 1,200,000. We sampled 1/100 of the elderly population. Frailty prevalence was assessed with a modified version of the FFI and FRAIL scale. Nutritional status was assessed by Mini Nutritional Assessment. Cognitive function was assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination. Depressive mood was assessed by GDS. Functional capacity was assessed by the instrumental activities of daily living scale. Falls and fear of falling were noted. Uni- and multivariate analyses were done to determine associated factors for frailty.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 906 community-dwelling elderly were included, in whom the mean age and standard deviation (SD) of age were 71.5 (5.6) years (50.6 % female). We detected frailty (female 30.4 %, male 25.2 %), pre-frailty and non-frailty prevalence with FFI as 27.8, 34.8, and 37.4 %, respectively. The prevalence of frailty (female 14.5 %, male 5.4 %), pre-frailty and non-frailty with the FRAIL scale was detected as 10, 45.6, and 44.4 %. Coexisting associated factors related with frailty in both models were found as depressive mood, cognitive impairment, and malnutrition in multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to both scales, frailty was strongly associated with cognitive impairment, depressive mood, and malnutrition in the community-dwelling Turkish elderly population.
authors.affiliation: Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Erciyes School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Melikgazi, 38090, Kayseri, Turkey. sibelyanmaz@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sibel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akın
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Erciyes School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Melikgazi, 38090, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mumtaz M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mazıcıoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erciyes University, Melikgazi, 38090, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Salime
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mucuk
authors.affiliation: Public Health Center, Hacilar, 38210, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Semsinnur
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gocer
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Erciyes School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Melikgazi, 38090, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Elif
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Deniz Şafak
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Melikşah University, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sibel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arguvanlı
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Erciyes School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Melikgazi, 38090, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ozturk
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D057187:Independent Living / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D015995:Prevalence; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Community dwelling; Elderly; Frailty