title: Buerger disease (thromboangiitis obliterans).
abstract: Buerger disease is a nonatherosclerotic vasculitis that is triggered by substantial exposure to tobacco. This disease usually affects small- and medium-sized arteries in the upper and lower extremities. All clinicians who take care of patients with peripheral arterial disease should know the clinical features and diagnostic evaluation of Buerger disease. In this article, we review the clinical presentation and diagnostic criteria for Buerger disease. We describe the diagnostic work-up of patients suspected of having Buerger disease and discuss the typical findings on noninvasive arterial studies and angiography. Lastly, we review the management of these patients, including medical therapy, with an emphasis on smoking cessation, as well as the potential role of revascularization, both surgical and endovascular.
authors.affiliation: Miami Cardiac & Vascular Institute, Miami, FL.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Del Conde
authors.affiliation: Miami Cardiac & Vascular Institute, Miami, FL. Electronic address: Iand@baptisthealth.net.
authors.forename: Constantino
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peña
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013919:Thromboangiitis Obliterans / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: Buerger disease; limb ischemia; thromboangiitis obliterans