title: The correlation between a chronic inflammatory marker Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5a with cancer cachexia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The mechanism of cancer cachexia remains unclear and inflammatory cytokines may play a role in its development. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) are known to be associated with cancer cachexia. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5a (TRACP5a) is proposed to be related to chronic inflammation. In this study we hypothesize that TRACP5a is a chronic inflammatory marker that is correlated with cancer cachexia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-five cancer patients with and without cancer cachexia were enrolled from January 2009 to December 2012. Body mass index (BMI) was measured and serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and albumin were examined to evaluate the nutritional status. IL-6, CRP and TRACP5a protein activity were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inflammatory markers including IL-6, and CRP were significantly elevated in patients with cancer cachexia (p=0.0075 and 0.0021, respectively). Patients with cachexia also had higher CRP/albumin ratio (p=0.0265). TRACP5a activity, TRACP5a protein and their combinations with albumin were increased in the cancer cachexia groups but without significant difference. There were good correlations between IL-6, CRP, and BMI. Patients with higher TRACP5a activity had shorter survival (p=0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TRACP5a may be a promising chronic inflammatory marker and may play a prognostic role in cancer cachexia. Further large-scale prospective studies are warranted to confirm its role in the cancer cachexia process.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei.
authors.forename: Yi-Ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Tsu-Yi
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Hsin-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Tzu-Chuan
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jia-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ming-Shen
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Janckila
authors.forename: Shiue-Wei
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Ping-Ying
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000097:blood*; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002100:Cachexia / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000097:blood*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D000075462:Serum Albumin, Human; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C422455:ALB protein, human; D015415:Biomarkers; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008055:Lipids; D012709:Serum Albumin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; D000075462:Serum Albumin, Human