title: Optimizing in vivo gene transfer into mouse corpus cavernosum by use of surface electroporation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Electroporation is known to enhance the efficiency of gene transfer through a transient increase in cell membrane permeability. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal conditions for in vivo electroporation-mediated gene delivery into mouse corpus cavernosum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diabetes was induced in C57BL/6 mice by intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin. After intracavernous injection of pCMV-Luc (100 µg/40 µL), different electroporation settings (5-50 V, 8-16 pulses with a duration of 40-100 ms) were applied to the penis to establish the optimal conditions for electroporation. Gene expression was evaluated by luciferase assay. We also assessed the undesired consequences of electroporation by visual inspection and hematoxylin-eosin staining of penile tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Electroporation profoundly induced gene expression in the corpus cavernosum tissue of normal mice in a voltage-dependent manner. We observed electrical burn scars in the penis of normal mice who received electroporation with eight 40-ms pulses at a voltage of 50 V and sixteen 40-ms pulses, eight 100-ms pulses, and sixteen 100-ms pulses at a voltage of 30 V. No detectable burn scars were noted in normal mice stimulated with eight 40-ms pulses at a voltage of 30 V. Electroporation also significantly induced gene expression in diabetic mice stimulated with 40-ms pulse at a voltage of 30 V without injury to the penis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have established the optimal electroporation conditions for maximizing gene transfer into the corpus cavernosum of mice while avoiding damage to the erectile tissue. The electroporation-mediated gene delivery technique will be a valuable tool for gene therapy in the field of erectile dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Kang-Moon
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Min Ji
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi-Hye
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Kalyan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ghatak
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Soo-Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Soo
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Kan
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Jun-Kyu
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Suh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications; D018274:Electroporation / Q000379:methods*; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000628:therapy*; D015870:Gene Expression; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010410:Penile Erection / Q000502:physiology; D010413:Penis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D008156:Luciferases
keywords: Electroporation; Erectile dysfunction; Gene therapy; Penis