title: CortiQ-based Real-Time Functional Mapping for Epilepsy Surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the use of the cortiQ-based mapping system (g.tec medication engineering GmbH, Austria) for real-time functional mapping (RTFM) and to compare it to results from electrical cortical stimulation mapping (ESM) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Electrocorticographic activity was recorded in 3 male patients with intractable epilepsy by using cortiQ mapping system and analyzed in real time. Activation related to motor, sensory, and receptive language tasks was determined by evaluating the power of the high gamma frequency band (60-170 Hz). The sensitivity and specificity of RTFM were tested against ESM and fMRI results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  "Next-neighbor" approach demonstrated [sensitivity/specificity %] (1) RTFM against ESM: 100.00/79.70 for hand motor; 100.00/73.87 for hand sensory; -/87 for language (it was not identified by the ESM); (2) RTFM against fMRI: 100.00/84.4 for hand motor; 66.70/85.35 for hand sensory; and 87.85/77.70 for language.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the quantitative "next-neighbor" RTFM evaluation were concordant to those from ESM and fMRI. The RTFM correlates well with localization of hand motor function provided by ESM and fMRI, which may offer added localization in the operating room and guidance for extraoperative ESM mapping. Real-time functional mapping correlates with fMRI language activation when ESM findings are negative. It has fewer limitations than ESM and greater flexibility in activation paradigms and measuring responses.
authors.affiliation: *g.tec Medical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria; †Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria; ‡Milena's Functional Brain Mapping and Brain-Computer Interface Lab, Florida Hospital for Children, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A.; §MEG Lab, Florida Hospital for Children, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A.; ‖Comprehensive Pediatric Epilepsy Center, Florida Hospital for Children, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A.; ¶Division of Neuropsychology, Florida Hospital for Children, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A.; and #Department of Radiology, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kapeller
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Korostenskaja
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prueckl
authors.forename: Po-Ching
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ki Heyeong
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Westerveld
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Salinas
authors.forename: Jane C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Baumgartner
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D003199:Computer Systems; D000069280:Electrocorticography / Q000379:methods*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D066230:Patient-Specific Modeling; D012984:Software; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult