title: Study protocol for a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of S-ketamine for pain treatment in patients with chronic pancreatitis (RESET trial).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is an inflammatory disease that causes irreversible damage to pancreatic tissue. Pain is its most prominent symptom. In the absence of pathology suitable for endoscopic or surgical interventions, pain treatment usually includes opioids. However, opioids often have limited efficacy. Moreover, side effects are common and bothersome. Hence, novel approaches to control pain associated with CP are highly desirable. Sensitisation of the central nervous system is reported to play a key role in pain generation and chronification. Fundamental to the process of central sensitisation is abnormal activation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, which can be antagonised by S-ketamine. The RESET trial is investigating the analgaesic and antihyperalgesic effect of S-ketamine in patients with CP.
  
  
  METHODS
  40 patients with CP will be enrolled. Patients are randomised to receive 8 h of intravenous S-ketamine followed by oral S-ketamine, or matching placebo, for 4 weeks. To improve blinding, 1 mg of midazolam will be added to active and placebo treatment. The primary end point is clinical pain relief as assessed by a daily pain diary. Secondary end points include changes in patient-reported outcome measures, opioid consumption and rates of side effects. The end points are registered through the 4-week medication period and for an additional follow-up period of 8 weeks to investigate long-term effects. In addition, experimental pain measures also serves as secondary end points, and neurophysiological imaging parameters are collected. Furthermore, experimental baseline recordings are compared to recordings from a group of healthy controls to evaluate general aspects of pain processing in CP.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The protocol is approved by the North Denmark Region Committee on Health Research Ethics (N-20130040) and the Danish Health and Medicines Authorities (EudraCT number: 2013-003357-17). The results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and at scientific conferences.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The study is registered at http://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu (EudraCT number 2013-003357-17).
authors.affiliation: Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Juel
authors.affiliation: Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Søren Schou
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Olesen
authors.affiliation: Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anne Estrup
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Olesen
authors.affiliation: Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jakob Lykke
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Poulsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dahan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Medicine, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Department of Health Science and Technology, Center for Sensory-Motor Interactions, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Wilder-Smith
authors.affiliation: Mech-Sense, Department of Radiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Madzak
authors.affiliation: Mech-Sense, Department of Radiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jens Brøndum
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Frøkjær
authors.affiliation: Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Asbjørn Mohr
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Drewes
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D050500:Pancreatitis, Chronic / Q000150:complications*; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D012107:Research Design
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D007649:Ketamine
keywords: PAIN MANAGEMENT