title: Evaluation of blood glucose fluctuation in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus by self-monitoring of blood glucose and continuous glucose monitoring.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Accurate assessment of blood glucose fluctuation is essential for managing blood glucose control while avoiding hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus. In this study, blood glucose was measured by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) whom self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) was carried out three or more times per day, and evaluation was performed using blood glucose fluctuation parameters obtained by CGM and SMBG.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine insulin-depleted patients with T1DM were enrolled. Their blood glucose fluctuations were measured at the same time by SMBG and CGM, and the correlations were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Correlations were found between the following values obtained by SMBG and CGM: mean and standard deviation of blood glucose levels, average daily risk range, Morbus value and high-blood-glucose index. The hypoglycemia duration and the nocturnal hypoglycemia duration showed no correlation with any of the blood glucose fluctuation parameters obtained by SMBG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that routine SMBG and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measurement are sufficient for evaluation of hyperglycemia in T1DM. On the other hand, blood glucose fluctuation parameters obtained by SMBG and HbA1c have been shown to have no correlations with either hypoglycemia duration or nocturnal hypoglycemia duration.
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan. Electronic address: ykusu@hyo-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kusunoki
authors.affiliation: Division of Innovative Diabetes Treatment, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katsuno
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nakae
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Kahori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akagami
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumihiro
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ochi
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tokuda
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murai
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miuchi
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun-ichiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miyagawa
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuyoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Namba
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin
keywords: Continuous glucose monitoring; Glycemic excursion; Hypoglycemia; Self-monitoring of blood glucose; Type 1 diabetes mellitus