title: Regulation of CCN1 (Cyr61) in a porcine model of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion.
abstract: Intestinal ischemia is a serious condition that may lead to both local and systemic inflammatory responses. Restoration of blood supply (reperfusion) to ischemic tissues often increases the extent of the tissue injury. Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61)/CCN1 is an extracellular matrix-associated signaling protein that has diverse functions. CCN1 is highly expressed at sites of inﬂammation and wound repair, and may modify cell responses. This study aimed to investigate regulation and cellular distribution of CCN1 in intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in pigs. After intestinal I/R, increased expression of CCN1 was detected by quantitative RT-PCR, Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry compared with non-ischemic intestine. Immunoflorescence staining revealed that CCN1 was mainly up-regulated in intestinal mucosa after intestinal I/R. Microvillus epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells were strongly positive for CCN1 in intestinal I/R, while natural killer cells and/or subsets of neutrophils were only modestly positive for CCN1. Furthermore, blood samples taken from the portal and caval veins during ischemia and after reperfusion showed no change of the CCN1 levels, indicating that CCN1 was locally regulated. In conclusion, these observations show, for the first time, that the CCN1 molecule is up-regulated in response to intestinal I/R in a local manner.
authors.affiliation: Oslo University Hospital HF, Institute for Surgical Research, Rikshospitalet, Sognsvannsveien, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shegarfi
authors.affiliation: Oslo University Hospital HF, Institute for Surgical Research, Rikshospitalet, Sognsvannsveien, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Claus Danckert
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Krohn
authors.affiliation: Oslo University Hospital HF, Institute for Surgical Research, Rikshospitalet, Sognsvannsveien, Oslo, Norway Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, Kjeller, Norway yngvar.gundersen@ffi.no.
authors.forename: Yngvar
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gundersen
authors.affiliation: Oslo University Hospital HF, Institute for Surgical Research, Rikshospitalet, Sognsvannsveien, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Signe Flood
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Kjeldsen
authors.affiliation: Oslo University Hospital HF, Institute for Surgical Research, Rikshospitalet, Sognsvannsveien, Oslo, Norway Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Operation, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen Hospital, Drammen, Norway.
authors.forename: Claus V B
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Hviid
authors.affiliation: Oslo University Hospital HF, Institute for Surgical Research, Rikshospitalet, Sognsvannsveien, Oslo, Norway Department of Surgery, Baerum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway.
authors.forename: Tom Erik
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Ruud
authors.affiliation: Oslo University Hospital HF, Institute for Surgical Research, Rikshospitalet, Sognsvannsveien, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Ansgar O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Aasen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055515:Cysteine-Rich Protein 61 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D055515:Cysteine-Rich Protein 61; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: CCN1/Cyr61 protein; immunohistochemistry; intestine; ischemia/reperfusion; porcine