title: "Sterile Urine" and the Presence of Bacteria.
abstract: Adult human urine is not sterile. The resident bacterial community may contribute to urinary health and disease in undiscovered ways. Bacterial genomic sequencing and expanded urine culture techniques are major complementary tools for scientific exploration in urologic research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA. Electronic address: awolfe@luc.edu.
authors.forename: Alan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.affiliation: Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Urology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brubaker
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D064307:Microbiota; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D021521:Ribotyping; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D016482:Urinalysis; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014556:Urine / Q000382:microbiology*