title: Maxillary carcinosarcoma: Identification of a novel MET mutation in both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components through next generation sequencing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carcinosarcoma is a rare tumor with biphasic growth of the carcinomatous and sarcomatous components. Prognosis is generally poor and characterization of the molecular mechanisms may provide information for the development of novel antitumor agents and biomarkers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We present the case of 66-year-old man with a complaint of nasal obstruction. He was diagnosed with maxillary carcinosarcoma and coexisting papilloma. He underwent multimodal treatment but died of uncontrolled local disease 10 months after the initial presentation. Genetic testing using next-generation sequencing (NGS) revealed that both the carcinomatous and sarcomatous components carried a somatic mutation in the conserved domain of the mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) proto-oncogene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our observation highlighted the importance of the MET gene in the oncogenesis of maxillary carcinosarcoma and is indicative of the common clonal origin of both malignant components. This suggested a possibility of treating MET mutation-positive carcinosarcomas with c-MET inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mizuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Teppei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Go
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Omura
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ebihara
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Chisato
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamasoba
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asakage
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D002296:Carcinosarcoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008444:Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D009154:Mutation; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010212:Papilloma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C000715470:MAS1 protein, human; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; C491743:MET protein, human; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met
keywords: MET mutation; c-MET inhibitor; carcinosarcoma; malignant transformation; papilloma