title: Medicine-taking experiences and associated factors: comparison between Arabic-speaking and Caucasian English-speaking patients with Type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to explore and compare medication-taking experiences and associated issues in Arabic-speaking and Caucasian English-speaking patients with Type 2 diabetes in Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Various healthcare settings in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia, were purposefully selected to obtain a diverse group of participants with Type 2 diabetes. Recruitment occurred at diabetes outpatient clinics in two tertiary referral hospitals, six primary care practices and ten community centres. Face-to-face semi-structured individual interviews and group interviews were employed. All interviews were audiotaped, transcribed and coded thematically. Data collection continued until saturation was reached.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 100 participants were recruited into two groups: 60 were Arabic-speaking and 40 were Caucasian English-speaking. Both groups had similar demographic and clinical characteristics. Only 5% of the Arabic-speaking participants had well-controlled diabetes compared with 17.5% of the participants in the English-speaking group. Arabic-speaking participants actively changed medication regimens on their own without informing their healthcare professionals. Arabic-speaking patients had more knowledge gaps about their prescribed treatments, compared with the English-speaking group. Their use of diabetes medicines was heavily influenced by peers with diabetes and family members; conversely, they feared revealing their diagnosis within the wider Arabic community due to stigma and collective negative social labelling of diabetes. Confidence in non-Arabic-speaking healthcare providers was lacking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings yielded new insights into medication-taking practices and associated factors in Arabic-speaking patients with diabetes. It is vital that healthcare professionals working with Arabic-speaking patients adapt their treatment approaches to accommodate different beliefs and views about medicines.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash University, Parkville, Australia.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alzubaidi
authors.affiliation: Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash University, Parkville, Australia.|Greater Green Triangle University Department of Rural Health, Flinders University and Deakin University, Warrnambool, Australia.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mc Mamara
authors.affiliation: Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash University, Parkville, Australia.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Education Services Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital, Heidelberg, Australia.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.affiliation: Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash University, Parkville, Australia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marriott
mesh_terms: D018912:Arabs; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003144:Communication Barriers; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000628:therapy; D003927:Diet, Diabetic / Q000208:ethnology; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants; D005195:Family Relations / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000208:ethnology; D000067074:Peer Influence; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012651:Self Medication; D014504:Urban Health / Q000208:ethnology; D014739:Victoria; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin