title: Is There a Connection Between Electrosensitivity and Electrosensibility? A Replication Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Among people with idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields (IEI-EMF), a better than random detection ability for a 50-Hz 0.5-mT magnetic field (MF) and a propensity to experience more symptoms than controls was reported in a previous study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The current study aimed to replicate and clarify these results using a modified experimental design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants of the provocation experiment were 49 individuals with self-reported IEI-EMF and 57 controls. They completed the questionnaires (symptom expectations, Somatosensory Amplification Scale--SSAS, radiation subscale of the Modern Health Worries Scale--MHWS Radiation) and attempted to detect the presence of the MF directed to their right arm in 20 subsequent 1-min sessions. Symptom reports were registered after each session.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individuals with IEI-EMF as opposed to the control group showed a higher than random detection performance (d' index of signal detection theory), while no difference in their bias (β index) toward the presence of the MF was found. Predictors of reported symptoms were self-reported IEI-EMF and believed as opposed to actual presence of the MF. People with IEI-EMF reported significantly more symptoms particularly in the believed presence of the MF. IEI-EMF was closely related to MHWS Radiation and SSAS scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  People with IEI-EMF might be able to detect the presence of the MF to a small extent; however, their symptom reports are connected to perceived exposure.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Renáta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Szemerszky
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Mónika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gubányi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Dorottya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Árvai
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Zsuzsanna
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dömötör
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary. koteles.ferenc@ppk.elte.hu.
authors.forename: Ferenc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Köteles
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005364:Field Dependence-Independence; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018777:Multiple Chemical Sensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: EHS; Electrosensitivity; IEI-EMF; Nocebo effect; Signal detection