title: Preclinical characterization of DUOC-01, a cell therapy product derived from banked umbilical cord blood for use as an adjuvant to umbilical cord blood transplantation for treatment of inherited metabolic diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cord blood (CB) transplantation slows neurodegeneration during certain inherited metabolic diseases. However, the number of donor cells in the brain of patients does not appear to be sufficient to provide benefit until several months after transplant. We developed the cell product DUOC-01 to provide therapeutic effects in the early post-transplant period.
  
  
  METHODS
  DUOC-01 cultures initiated from banked CB units were characterized by use of time-lapse photomicroscopy during the 21-day manufacturing process. Antigen expression was measured by means of flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry; transcripts for cytokines and enzymes by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; activities of lysosomal enzymes by direct biochemical analysis; alloreactivity of DUOC-01 and of peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cells (MNC) to DUOC-01 by mixed lymphocyte culture methods; and cytokine secretion by Bioplex assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DUOC-01 cultures contained highly active, attached, motile, slowly proliferating cells that expressed common (cluster of differentiation [CD]11b, CD14 and Iba1), M1 type (CD16, inducible nitric oxide synthase), and M2-type (CD163, CD206) macrophage or microglia markers. Activities of 11 disease-relevant lysosomal enzymes in DUOC-01 products were similar to those of normal PB cells. All DUOC-01 products secreted interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10. Accumulation of transforming growth factor-β, IL-1β, interferon-γ and TNF-α in supernatants was variable. IL-12, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 were not detected at significant concentrations. Galactocerebrosidase, transforming growth factor-β and IL-10 transcripts were specifically enriched in DUOC-01 relative to CB cells. PB MNCs proliferated and released cytokines in response to DUOC-01. DUOC-01 did not proliferate in response to mismatched MNC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DUOC-01 has potential as an adjunctive cell therapy to myeloablative CB transplant for treatment of inherited metabolic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Robertson Clinical and Translational Cell Therapy Program, Duke Translational Medicine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kurtzberg
authors.affiliation: Robertson Clinical and Translational Cell Therapy Program, Duke Translational Medicine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buntz
authors.affiliation: Robertson Clinical and Translational Cell Therapy Program, Duke Translational Medicine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gentry
authors.affiliation: Robertson Clinical and Translational Cell Therapy Program, Duke Translational Medicine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Noeldner
authors.affiliation: Robertson Clinical and Translational Cell Therapy Program, Duke Translational Medicine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: April
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ozamiz
authors.affiliation: Robertson Clinical and Translational Cell Therapy Program, Duke Translational Medicine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rusche
authors.affiliation: Robertson Clinical and Translational Cell Therapy Program, Duke Translational Medicine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Storms
authors.affiliation: Robertson Clinical and Translational Cell Therapy Program, Duke Translational Medicine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wollish
authors.affiliation: Lysosomal Diseases Testing Laboratory, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Wenger
authors.affiliation: Robertson Clinical and Translational Cell Therapy Program, Duke Translational Medicine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA. Electronic address: andrew.balber@duke.edu.
authors.forename: Andrew E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Balber
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D036101:Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000166:cytology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D051379:Mice
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D016207:Cytokines
keywords: cord blood; cytokines; lysosomal enzymes; macrophage; microglia; transplantation