title: In vitro susceptibility testing of amphotericin B for Cryptococcus neoformans variety grubii AFLP1/VNI and Cryptococcus gattii AFLP6/VGII by CLSI and flow cytometry.
abstract: Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii AFLP1/VNI is the main causative agent of cryptococcosis associated with AIDS in the world. Cryptococcus gattii AFLP6/VGII causes mainly endemic primary infection in immunocompetent hosts. To determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of C. neoformans var. grubii AFLP1/VNI and C. gattii AFLP6/VGII against amphotericin B (AMB) in a short period of time, flow cytometry (FCM) with FUN-1 fluorochrome was used to compare with broth microdilution method (CLSI M27-A3). The minimum incubation period was evaluated by minimum fungicidal concentration procedure. Seventeen clinical isolates of C. neoformans var. grubii AFLP1/VNI and 18 of C. gattii AFLP6/VGII were analysed. The time for the determination of MICs by FCM was 2 h against 72 h by CLSI M27-A3 and the comparison of MIC showed a positive significant correlation (P = 0.048). It is important to highlight the role of the FCM as an alternative method to determine the MICs for AMB in within a day, with positive cost-benefit.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Medical Mycology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INI-FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bernardina Penarrieta
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Trilles
authors.forename: Álvaro Luiz
authors.initials: ÁL
authors.lastname: Bertho
authors.forename: Ivan Neves
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Junior
authors.forename: Raquel de Vasconcellos Carvalhaes
authors.initials: Rde V
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Bodo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wanke
authors.forename: Márcia dos Santos
authors.initials: Mdos S
authors.lastname: Lazéra
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D056285:Cryptococcus gattii / Q000187:drug effects*; D003455:Cryptococcus neoformans / Q000187:drug effects*; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000191:economics
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000666:Amphotericin B
keywords: CLSI M27-A3; Cryptococcus gattii; Cryptococcus neoformans; amphotericin B; flow cytometry