title: The multigene family of fungal laccases and their expression in the white rot basidiomycete Flammulina velutipes.
abstract: Fungal laccases play important roles in matrix degradation. Eleven laccase genes, including three novel ones (designated lac1, lac2 and lac4) were identified after sequencing the entire genome of the edible, white-rot fungus Flammulina velutipes. Analysis using bioinformatics revealed that all of the laccases, except lac3, possess a signal peptide. These laccase proteins consist of 502-670 amino acids and have predicted molecular weights ranging from 55kDa to 74kDa. These proteins each contain four copper-binding sites, except for Lac10. Transcriptomes were sequenced at different developmental stages and in different fruiting body tissues to analyze if there was differential expression of laccase genes. The novel laccase gene lac4 exhibited the highest expression levels among all of the observed laccases at every developmental stage and in all fruiting body tissues examined. We conclude that laccases in F. velutipes play a role not only in lignin degradation, but also in fruiting body formation and development.
authors.affiliation: Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Food Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: College of Horticulture Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
authors.forename: Guangmei
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
authors.forename: Lixian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
authors.forename: Renliang
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
authors.forename: Bingzhi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
authors.forename: Yuanping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Yucheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China. Electronic address: mrcfafu@163.com.
authors.forename: Baogui
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000235:genetics*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D055393:Flammulina / Q000235:genetics*; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005658:Fungi / Q000235:genetics*; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D042845:Laccase / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D016415:Sequence Alignment / Q000379:methods; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D042845:Laccase
keywords: Fruiting body formation; Genome; Laccase; Transcriptome