title: Human endogenous retrovirus group E and its involvement in diseases.
abstract: Human endogenous retrovirus group E (HERV-E) elements are stably integrated into the human genome, transmitted vertically in a Mendelian manner, and are endowed with transcriptional activity as alternative promoters or enhancers. Such effects are under the control of the proviral long terminal repeats (LTR) that are organized into three HERV-E phylogenetic subgroups, namely LTR2, LTR2B, and LTR2C. Moreover, HERV-E expression is tissue-specific, and silenced by epigenetic constraints that may be disrupted in cancer, autoimmunity, and human placentation. Interest in HERV-E with regard to these conditions has been stimulated further by concerns regarding the capacity of HERV-E elements to modify the expression of neighboring genes and/or to produce retroviral proteins, including immunosuppressive env peptides, which in turn may induce (auto)-antibody (Ab) production. Finally, better understanding of HERV-E elements may have clinical applications for prevention, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.
authors.affiliation: INSERM ESPRI, ERI29/EA2216, SFR ScInBioS, LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy Graft Oncology", Réseau épigénétique et réseau canaux ioniques du Cancéropole Grand Ouest, European University of Brittany, Brest 29609, France. yves.renaudineau@univ-brest.fr.
authors.forename: Christelle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Le Dantec
authors.affiliation: LUBEM (EA3882), University of Brest Laboratory of Virology, CHRU Cavale Blanche, Brest 29200, France. sophie.vallet@chu-brest.fr.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vallet
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA. wesleybrooks@usf.edu.
authors.forename: Wesley H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.affiliation: INSERM ESPRI, ERI29/EA2216, SFR ScInBioS, LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy Graft Oncology", Réseau épigénétique et réseau canaux ioniques du Cancéropole Grand Ouest, European University of Brittany, Brest 29609, France. yves.renaudineau@univ-brest.fr.|Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, CHRU Morvan, Brest 29609, France. yves.renaudineau@univ-brest.fr.
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Renaudineau
mesh_terms: D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D020077:Endogenous Retroviruses / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000821:virology*; D010929:Placentation; D011247:Pregnancy