title: Dengue is still an imported disease in China: a case study in Guangzhou.
abstract: Dengue virus and its four serotypes (DENV 1-4) infect approximately 390 million people worldwide each year, with most cases in tropical and subtropical regions. Because of repeated introduction of DENV from epidemic regions and suitable weather conditions, many regions have shifted from hypo-endemicity to hyper-endemicity over recent decades. Since the first dengue outbreak in 1978, it is crucial to understand the current situation in China over nearly 40 years. The purpose of the study was to examine whether dengue in China was endemic or not, which is essential for relevant dengue control and prevention strategy implementation in China. The study, combining epidemiological characteristics of dengue from the disease notification system, phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses, showed that all four serotypes had been detected in Guangzhou, China, which was dominated by DENV 1-2. The Maximum Likelihood tree analytic results showed that the virus detected in Guangzhou localized in different clades, except of virus of 2002 and 2003 clustered together. There existed the mutual introductions between Guangzhou and Southeast Asia. Most of the viruses were imported from Southeast Asia and the sources of outbreaks in Guangzhou mainly originated from Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines. The study indicates that dengue in China still remains as an imported disease, with the possibility of localization.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Vector Surveillance and Management, 155 Changbai Road, Changping, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shaowei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China; Xiamen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Xiamen 361012, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Vector Surveillance and Management, 155 Changbai Road, Changping, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Haixia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhicong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Biao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Di
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lihua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Vector Surveillance and Management, 155 Changbai Road, Changping, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Vector Surveillance and Management, 155 Changbai Road, Changping, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China; Centre for Environment and Population Health, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Queensland 4111, Nathan, QLD, Australia. Electronic address: liuqiyong@icdc.cn.
authors.forename: Qiyong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003715:Dengue / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D003716:Dengue Virus / Q000235:genetics*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010802:Phylogeny; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: China; Dengue; Imported; Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analysis