title: Insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese children and adolescents: a hierarchical approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aims to globally assess the network of insulin resistance (IR)-related factors in a sample of overweight and obese Greek youths.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 185 subjects were examined, and IR was quantified by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Multivariate hierarchical approach was performed, and five distinct levels were recognized, namely, immutable demographic features and early life parameters, current anthropometric measures, IR, unfavorable clinical conditions, and social parameters. Two analyses were performed based on HOMA-IR cut-off values (3.16 and, as an alternative, 3.99).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Obesity was associated with IR (adjusted OR=3.19, 95% CI: 1.12-9.09). IR steadily predicted low HDL (adjusted OR=5.75, 95% CI: 1.58-20.87), hypertriglyceridemia (adjusted OR=10.28, 95% CI: 1.18-89.55), and systolic hypertension. At the alternative analysis, IR was also associated with older age, older age at menarche, hyperuricemia, and low school grades.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Emerging on the grounds of obesity, IR confers risks for dyslipidemia and hypertension at a relatively early age. Along with weight loss, interventions targeted at IR are required to prevent cardiometabolic risk in adolescence.
authors.forename: Irine-Ikbale
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Sakou
authors.forename: Theodora
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Psaltopoulou
authors.forename: Theodoros N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Sergentanis
authors.forename: Kyriaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karavanaki
authors.forename: Feneli
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Karachaliou
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ntanasis-Stathopoulos
authors.forename: Stamatios
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tzanninis
authors.forename: Triantafyllia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sdogou
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Greydanus
authors.forename: Artemis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsitsika
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult