title: It's All of the Above: Benefits of Working for Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The majority of research on employment among persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) focuses on the employment rate at a given point in time to the exclusion of quality employment outcomes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify the employment outcomes of greatest importance as defined by those with SCI who have worked since injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  A qualitative approach was used with 6 focus groups at 2 sites (Minnesota and Georgia). Participants (N = 44) were a minimum of 10 years after injury and had been employed at some point after SCI. We identified participants through a 40-year longitudinal study of SCI and a community resource. A combination of homogeneous (race/ethnic minority group, female group) and heterogeneous groups were convened. A semi-structured interview format queried participants about personal, environmental, and policy-related factors that impacted obtaining, maintaining, and advancing in employment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven overlapping themes were identified under the 2 broad categories of compensation and subjective well-being: (1) salary and what it can support, (2) health insurance and other fringe benefits, (3) promotions and recognition, (4) social connection and support, (5) job satisfaction and enjoyment from working, (6) making a difference and helping others, and (7) psychological and emotional health.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate several common themes among persons with SCI who have successful employment histories, suggesting that the benefits of employment are multifaceted and go beyond monetary compensation.
authors.affiliation: Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Meade
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences and Research, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina.
authors.forename: Karla S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences and Research, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina.
authors.forename: Lee L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences and Research, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina.
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Krause
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae; D004651:Employment / Q000191:economics / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006264:Health Benefit Plans, Employee; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012201:Reward; D012456:Salaries and Fringe Benefits / Q000191:economics*; D012944:Social Support; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae
keywords: employment; qualitative; spinal cord injuries