title: Computer based correlation of the texture of P63 expressed nuclei with histological tumour grade, in laryngeal carcinomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  P63 immunostaining has been considered as potential prognostic factor in laryngeal cancer. Considering that P63 is mainly nuclear stain, a possible correlation between the texture of P63-stained nuclei and the tumor's grade could be of value to diagnosis, since this may be related to biologic information imprinted as texture on P63 expressed nuclei.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between P63 stained nuclei and histologic grade in laryngeal tumor lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biopsy specimens from laryngeal tumour lesions of 55 patients diagnosed with laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas were immunohistochemically (IHC) stained for P63 expression. Four images were digitized from each patient's IHC specimens. P63 positively expressed nuclei were identified, the percentage of P63 expressed nuclei was computed, and 118 textural, morphological, shape, and architectural features were calculated from each one of the 55 laryngeal lesions. Data were split into the low grade (21 grade I lesions) and high grade (34 grade II and grade III lesions) classes for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With advancing grade, P63 expression decreased, P63 stained nuclei appeared of lower image intensity, more inhomogeneous, of higher local contrast, contained smaller randomly distributed dissimilar structures and had irregular shape.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  P63 expressed nuclei contain important information related to histologic grade.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, Rio, 26504 Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ninos
authors.affiliation: Medical Image and Signal Processing Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technological Educational Institute of Athens, Ag. Spyridonos, Egaleo, 12210 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Spiros
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0223-2502
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kostopoulos
authors.affiliation: Medical Image and Signal Processing Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technological Educational Institute of Athens, Ag. Spyridonos, Egaleo, 12210 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kalatzis
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece.
authors.forename: Panagiota
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ravazoula
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, 26504 Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sakelaropoulos
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, 26504 Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Panayiotakis
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, Rio, 26504 Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Economou
authors.affiliation: Medical Image and Signal Processing Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technological Educational Institute of Athens, Ag. Spyridonos, Egaleo, 12210 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Dionisis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cavouras
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C081876:CKAP4 protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins