title: Reactivity of pyruvic acid and its derivatives towards reactive oxygen species.
abstract: Pyruvic acid and its derivatives occurring in most biological systems are known to exhibit several pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective or anticancer, many of which are suggested to originate from their antioxidant and free radical scavenger activity. The therapeutic potential of these compounds is a matter of particular interest, due to their mechanisms of action, particularly their possible antioxidant behaviour. Here, we report the results of a study of the effect of pyruvic acid (PA), ethyl pyruvate (EP) and sodium pyruvate (SP) on reactions generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion radicals, hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen, and their total antioxidant capacity. Chemiluminescence (CL) and spectrophotometry techniques were employed. The pyruvate analogues studied were found to inhibit the CL signal arising from superoxide anion radicals in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 = 0.0197 ± 0.002 mM for EP and IC50 = 69.2 ± 5.2 mM for PA. These compounds exhibited a dose-dependent decrease in the CL signal of the luminol + H2O2 system over the range 0.5-10 mM with IC50 values of 1.71 ± 0.12 mM for PA, 3.85 ± 0.21 mM for EP and 22.91 ± 1.21 mM for SP. Furthermore, these compounds also inhibited hydroxyl radical-dependent deoxyribose degradation in a dose-dependent manner over the range 0.5-200 mM, with IC50 values of 33.2 ± 0.3 mM for SP, 116.1 ± 6.2 mM for EP and 168.2 ± 6.2 mM for PA. All the examined compounds also showed antioxidant capacity when estimated using the ferric-ferrozine assay. The results suggest that the antioxidant activities of pyruvate derivatives may reflect a direct effect on scavenging ROS and, in part, be responsible for their pharmacological actions.
authors.affiliation: Department of History of Medicine and Medical Ethics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kładna
authors.affiliation: Department of Aesthetic Dermatology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: Mariola
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marchlewicz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Piechowska
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kruk
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hassan Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Aboul-Enein
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016014:Linear Models; D049449:Luminescence; D015394:Molecular Structure; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019289:Pyruvic Acid
keywords: chemiluminescence; ethyl pyruvate; pyruvic acid; reactive oxygen species; sodium pyruvate; spectrophotometry