title: Ultrasonography for the prediction of extension of trophoblastic infiltration into the tubal wall in ampullary pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Predictive factors of damage to the Fallopian tube may guide the treatment for patients with tubal pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of ultrasonographic findings in patients affected by ampullary pregnancy for the determination of the depth of trophoblastic infiltration into the tubal wall on histological examination.
  
  
  METHODS
  38 patients with ampullary pregnancy undergoing salpingectomy were enrolled into the study. The patients were divided into two subgroups depending on their transvaginal sonography (TVS) findings; either an ectopic gestational sac containing an embryo with cardiac activity or those with a tubal ring. The ampullary pregnancies were histologically classified according to the depth of infiltration of trophoblastic tissue into the tubal wall as follows: stage I: limited to mucosa; stage II: extension to the muscularis layer; stage III: complete infiltration of the tubal wall with or without rupture of the serosa. The association between findings on TVS and stage of trophoblastic invasion, serum beta-human chorionic gonodatropin (β-hCG) levels was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although there was no significant difference among two groups in terms of histological stage of trophoblastic infiltration (p = 0.257), patients in whom an embryo with cardiac activity had been identified were found to have higher percentage of stage II (47.8%) or stage III (8.7%) invasion. However, there was a significant difference in serum β-hCG levels on the day of surgery among the two groups (p = 0.028).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasonographic aspect of ampullary pregnancy is associated with depth of trophoblastic infiltration into the tubal wall and serum β-hCG levels.
authors.forename: Onur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Erol
authors.forename: Dinç
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Süren
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karaca
authors.forename: Cem
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sezer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005187:Fallopian Tubes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011271:Pregnancy, Ectopic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods