title: A new East-Asian species in the Chrysoperla carnea-group of cryptic lacewing species (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) based on distinct larval morphology and a unique courtship song.
abstract: Larval morphology and substrate-borne vibrational courtship songs have been hypothesized to distinguish and isolate Chrysoperla 'nipponensis-B' from true 'Type A' Chrysoperla nipponensis (Okamoto), both of which occur sympatrically in eastern Asia. Here, we formally describe C. 'nipponensis-B' as Chrysoperla nigrocapitata sp.n., based on populations sampled throughout Japan and at two sites in South Korea. Behavioral playback experiments show that males and females of each species reject the duetting songs of non-conspecifics, supporting the existence in nature of strong premating reproductive isolation between the two species. Detailed morphological analysis substantiates that the adults of the two species are nearly identical. However, the dorsum of the larval head of C. nigrocapitata is usually darkly and heavily pigmented, in striking contrast to the condition seen in C. nipponensis; if available, it is probably the best trait for distinguishing the two species morphologically. Other aspects of life history, ecology, geographic distribution, and molecular systematics of the new species are briefly considered.
authors.affiliation: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.; Email: charles.henry@uconn.edu.
authors.forename: Charles S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.affiliation: Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, ENGLAND.; Email: s.brooks@nhm.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.affiliation: Division of Entomology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA.; Email: djohnson@uidaho.edu.
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Plant Protection Section, Tochigi Prefectural Sustainable Agriculture Extension Center, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-0974, JAPAN.; Email: fzzzf91v@msn.com.
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Haruyama
authors.affiliation: WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.; Email: peter.duelli@wsl.ch.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Duelli
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, JAPAN.; Email: lepi@affrc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
mesh_terms: D063147:Animal Distribution; D000825:Animal Structures / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D000818:Animals; D049628:Body Size; D003380:Courtship; D017753:Ecosystem; D005202:Asia, Eastern; D005260:Female; D007313:Insecta / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000145:classification* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D007814:Larva / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000145:classification* / Q000254:growth & development; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D014828:Vocalization, Animal