title: A highly concentrated catholyte based on a solvate ionic liquid for rechargeable flow batteries.
abstract: A redox-active supercooled liquid is obtained by forming a "solvate ionic liquid" from a mixture of a stabilized organic radical and a specific Li salt and stabilizing the mixture further below their melting points. As a catholyte, the addition of an appropriate amount of water helps to enhance the electrochemical advantage while maintaining its supercooled nature and the liquid shows a high energy density of 200 W h L(-1) with reversible charge/discharge.
authors.affiliation: Materias Research Department, Toyoa Research Institute of North America, 1555 Woodridge Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA; Sustainable Energy and Environment Division II, Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1192, Japan.
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takechi
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hase
keywords: batteries; flow batteries; ionic liquids; radicals; supercooled liquids