title: Dose dependent protective effects of vardenafil on ischemia-reperfusion injury with biochemical and histopathologic evaluation in rat ovary.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of vardenafil on the histopathology and biochemical parameters in reducing damage in experimental ovarian ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion injury in a rat model and to compare the effect of two different doses of vardenafil.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two rats with experimental ovarian torsion. Group-I: sham; Group-II: ovarian ischemia; Group-III: 2 hours of ischemia followed by a 2-hour reperfusion. Group-IV: two hours before the sham operation, rats received 1mg/kg vardenafil; Group V and VI: A 2-hour period of ovarian ischemia was applied, in which rats were treated with intraperitoneal vardenafil 1 and 2mg/kg dose, after 1.5 hours of ovarian ischemia. After 2 hours of reperfusion, the ovaries on the right side were removed for examination. The ovarian ischemia/reperfusion injury was evaluated by calculating total antioxidant status, total oxidant status and oxidative stress index; and histopathologic examination of all ovarian rat tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The histologic findings in vardenafil treatment groups were statistically significant decreased edema and follicle degeneration, with vascular congestion, hemorrhage and follicle degeneration being dose-dependent. There were no statistically significant changes in the biochemical parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to histopathological examination, low and high dose vardenafil is effective in attenuating ischemia-reperfusion induced ovary injury.
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Engin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yurtcu
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cihan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Togrul
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sebnem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozyer
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozlem
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Uzunlar
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yeksin H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Karatas
authors.affiliation: Bingol Solhan Government Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bingol, Turkey. Electronic address: doga_seckin@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Kerem D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Seckin
authors.affiliation: Pathology Department of Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Muzaffer
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caydere
authors.affiliation: Pathology Department of Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hucumenoglu
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nedim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cicek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D007511:Ischemia / Q000473:pathology; D010049:Ovarian Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D010053:Ovary / Q000098:blood supply*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D014102:Torsion Abnormality / Q000150:complications*; D000069058:Vardenafil Dihydrochloride / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000069058:Vardenafil Dihydrochloride
keywords: Ischemia-reperfusion; Ovarian torsion; Rat model; Vardenafil