title: Ameliorative effect of allopurinol on vascular complications of insulin resistance.
abstract: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the possible protective effect of allopurinol (Allo) on experimentally induced insulin resistance (IR) and vascular complications. Rats were divided into four groups: control, IR, allopurinol-treated IR (IR-Allo), and allopurinol-treated control (Allo). IR was induced by adding fructose and high fat, high salt diet for 12 weeks. The results showed that Allo has alleviated the increased level of TNF-α and the systolic, diastolic, mean, and notch pressure observed in IR with no change in pulse pressure. In addition, Allo decreased the heart rate in the treated group compared to IR rats. On the other hand, it has no effect on increased levels of insulin, glucose, fructosamine, or body weight gain compared to IR group, while it increased significantly the insulin level and body weight without hyperglycemia in the control group. Moreover, Allo treatment ameliorated increased level of 4HNE, Ang II, and Ang R1. In conclusion, the results of the current study show that Allo has a protective effect on vascular complications of IR which may be attributed to the effect of Allo on decreasing the TNF-α, 4HNE, Ang II, and Ang R1 as well as increasing the level of insulin secretion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia ; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hany M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: El-Bassossy
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia ; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef 62511, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Elberry
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azhar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Salah A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ghareib
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdulrahman M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Alahdal
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000378:metabolism; D000493:Allopurinol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005632:Fructose / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005632:Fructose; D000493:Allopurinol; C027576:4-hydroxy-2-nonenal