title: Antiviral antibody profiling by high-density protein arrays.
abstract: Viral infections elicit antiviral antibodies and have been associated with various chronic diseases. Detection of these antibodies can facilitate diagnosis, treatment of infection, and understanding of the mechanisms of virus-associated diseases. In this work, we assayed antiviral antibodies using a novel high-density nucleic acid programmable protein array (HD-NAPPA) platform. Individual viral proteins were expressed in situ directly from plasmids encoding proteins in an array of microscopic reaction chambers. Quality of protein display and serum response was assured by comparing intra- and inter-array correlation within or between printing batches with average correlation coefficients of 0.91 and 0.96, respectively. HD-NAPPA showed higher signal-to-background ratio compared with standard NAPPA on planar glass slides and ELISA. Antibody responses to 761 antigens from 25 different viruses were profiled among patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and type 1 diabetes. Common and unique antibody reactivity patterns were detected between patients and healthy controls. We believe HD-viral-NAPPA will enable the study of host-pathogen interactions at unprecedented dimensions and elucidate the role of pathogen infections in disease development.
authors.affiliation: Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaofang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bian
authors.affiliation: Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wiktor
authors.affiliation: Engineering Arts LLC, Tempe, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.affiliation: Engineering Arts LLC, Tempe, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Al
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brunner
authors.affiliation: Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Amritpal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khela
authors.affiliation: Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Kailash
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karthikeyan
authors.affiliation: Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Kristi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.affiliation: Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Mitch
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Magee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Clive H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wasserfall
authors.affiliation: Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, University of Ulster, Londonderry, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.affiliation: Arthritis Research Group, Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
authors.forename: Madeleine E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Rooney
authors.affiliation: Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: LaBaer
mesh_terms: D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D008297:Male; D009696:Nucleic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D040081:Protein Array Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D001323:Autoantibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; D009696:Nucleic Acids; D014764:Viral Proteins
keywords: Antiviral antibodies; HD-NAPPA; Juvenile idiopathic arthritis; Protein arrays; Type 1 diabetes