title: Impact of cotrimoxazole and insecticide-treated nets for malaria prevention on key outcomes among HIV-infected adults in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  HIV-infected adults are at increased risk of severe malaria and death. Malaria prevention in people living with HIV (PLHIV) consists of several interventions, including cotrimoxazole (CTX) prophylaxis and insecticide-treated nets (ITNs). We conducted a systematic review of the available evidence.
  
  
  METHODS
  MEDLINE, EmBase, Global Health, CINAHL, SOCA, and African Index Medicus were used to identify articles relevant to the CTX prophylaxis and ITNs interventions from 1995 to July 2014. For each individual study, we assessed the quality of evidence and the impact of the 2 interventions on the outcomes of mortality, morbidity, retention in care, quality of life, and/or prevention of ongoing HIV transmission. For each outcome, we summarized the quality of the overall body of evidence, the expected impact, and costing and cost-effectiveness (CE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall quality of evidence regarding malaria-related morbidity was rated as "good" for CTX prophylaxis and "fair" for ITN use; the expected "impact" of these interventions on morbidity was rated "high" and "uncertain," respectively. Three studies that addressed the costing and CE of ITN provision for malaria prevention in PLHIV consisted of 2 full "level 1" and 1 partial "level 2" economic evaluations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CTX prophylaxis is effective in reducing malaria-related morbidity among PLHIV. Limited evidence is available with respect to the impact and the CE of ITN use and/or provision in this population.
authors.affiliation: *HIV Care and Treatment Branch, Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; and †Emergency Response and Recovery Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saadani Hassani
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Marston
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003906:Developing Countries; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D062489:Health Impact Assessment; D006295:Health Resources; D006801:Humans; D057148:Insecticide-Treated Bednets; D008288:Malaria / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009017:Morbidity; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011788:Quality of Life; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination