title: Developmental neuropsychological assessment of 4- to 5-year-old children born following Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD): A pilot study.
abstract: The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate developmental neuropsychological profiles of 4- to 5-year-old children born after Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD). Twenty-seven participants received a neurological examination and a battery of neuropsychological assessments including Wechsler Preschool & Primary Scale of Intelligence - Third Edition (WPPSI-III; cognitive development), Preschool Language Scale, Fourth Edition (PLS-4; language development), Wide Range Assessment of Visual Motor Abilities (visual motor abilities), Childhood Autism Rating Scales II (a screening test for autistic spectrum disorders), and the Miles ABC Test (ocular dominance). Parental questionnaires included the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function Preschool Version (BRIEF-P; executive function), Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Carey Temperament Scales Behavioral Style Questionnaire (socioemotional development and temperament), and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Interview Edition, Second Edition (general adaptive behavior). Subjects' tests results were compared to each test's norms. Children born after PGD demonstrated scores within the normal or above-normal ranges for all developmental outcomes (mean ± SD): WPPSI-III-VIQ 107.4 ± 14.4 (p = .013), PLS-4-Total 113.2 ± 12.4, p < .001), CBCL-Total 41.1 ± 8.6 (p < .001), BRIEF-P-Global Executive Composite 44.8 ± 9.5 (p = .009). Twelve (44%) of the PGD children had a significant difference between their VIQ and PIQ scores (compared to 27% in the general population). One subject was found to show possible signs of autistic spectrum disorder, although a family history of autism was noted. In conclusion, in this pilot study, children assessed at age 4-5 years and conceived after PGD displayed developmental neuropsychological outcomes within normal limits as compared to their chronologic peers. A larger study is needed to evaluate and follow the neuropsychological development of children born after PGD.
authors.affiliation: a ZOHAR PGD Unit , Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel.|b Neuropsychology Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel.|e Faculty of Medicine , Hebrew University , Jerusalem , Israel.
authors.forename: Gilat Chaya
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Sacks
authors.affiliation: a ZOHAR PGD Unit , Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel.|e Faculty of Medicine , Hebrew University , Jerusalem , Israel.
authors.forename: Gheona
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Altarescu
authors.affiliation: b Neuropsychology Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guedalia
authors.affiliation: c Reproductive Endocrinology and Genetics Unit, IVF Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel.
authors.forename: Irit
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Varshaver
authors.affiliation: d Pediatric Neurology Unit , Shaare Zedek Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel.
authors.forename: Tal
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gilboa
authors.affiliation: a ZOHAR PGD Unit , Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel.|e Faculty of Medicine , Hebrew University , Jerusalem , Israel.
authors.forename: Ephrat
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Levy-Lahad
authors.affiliation: c Reproductive Endocrinology and Genetics Unit, IVF Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel.|e Faculty of Medicine , Hebrew University , Jerusalem , Israel.
authors.forename: Talia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eldar-Geva
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D007804:Language Development; D008297:Male; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011247:Pregnancy; D019836:Preimplantation Diagnosis; D012919:Social Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014888:Wechsler Scales
keywords: Children follow-up; Developmental assessment; Embryo biopsy; Mixed eye-hand dominance; Neuropsychological outcome; Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis