title: [Turner syndrome and genetic polymorphism: a systematic review].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present the main results of the literature on genetic polymorphisms in Turner Syndrome and their association with the clinical signs and the etiology of this chromosomal disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  The review was conducted in the PubMed database without any time limit, using the terms Turner syndrome and genetic polymorphism. A total of 116 articles were found, and based on the established inclusion and exclusion criteria 17 were selected for the review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The polymorphisms investigated in patients with Turner Syndrome were associated with growth deficit, causing short stature, low bone mineral density, autoimmunity and cardiac abnormalities, which are frequently found in patients with Turner Syndrome. The role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the etiology of Turner syndrome, i.e., in chromosomal nondisjunction, was also confirmed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Genetic polymorphisms appear to be associated with Turner Syndrome. However, in view of the small number of published studies and their contradictory findings, further studies in different populations are needed in order to clarify the role of genetic variants in the clinical signs and etiology of the Turner Syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brasil. Electronic address: alessandratrovo@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Alessandra Bernadete
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Trovó de Marqui
mesh_terms: D001827:Body Height / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000235:genetics*
keywords: Aneuploidia; Aneuploidy; Genetic polymorphism; Growth hormone; Hormônio do crescimento; Polimorfismo genético; Síndrome de Turner; Turner syndrome