title: Effect of Fermented Red Ginseng Extract Enriched in Ginsenoside Rg3 on the Differentiation and Mineralization of Preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 Cells.
abstract: In this study, red ginseng extract (RGE) was converted into high-content minor ginsenosides by fermenting with Bgp1 enzymes at 37°C for 5 days. Compared to the RGE, the minor ginsenoside contents were increased in fermented red ginseng extract (FRGE). Moreover, the amount of minor ginsenosides such as Rh1 (11%) and Rg2 (16%) was slightly augmented, while the level of Rg3 (33%) was significantly increased after bioconversion. Furthermore, we also examined and compared the effect of RGE and FRGE on the differentiation and mineralization of preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Similarly, the level of mRNA expression of intracellular alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, type-1 collagen (Col-I) was also increased. Based on the comparison, it is clear that the FRGE has improved effects on bone formation and differentiation of preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biotechnology, Ginseng Genetic Resource Bank College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University , Yongin, Korea.
authors.forename: Muhammad Zubair
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Siddiqi
authors.forename: Muhammad Hanif
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Siddiqi
authors.forename: Yeon-Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Md Amdadul
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Huq
authors.forename: Deok-Chun
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D036145:Ginsenosides; D010936:Plant Extracts; C097367:ginsenoside Rg3; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: Panax ginseng; bone formation; differentiation; mineralization; osteoblast; β-glycosidase