title: Current treatment of endometrioma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ovarian endometrioma is the most common form of endometriosis. Laparoscopy is frequently chosen for its treatment because medical treatment alone is inadequate. However, the role of laparoscopic treatment of ovarian endometriomas has been challenged by evidence questioning the benefits of surgery, especially in cases of young or infertile women. Other therapeutic modalities include expectant management, medical therapy, and, in cases of infertility, ovulation induction and assisted reproductive technology. None of these treatments offer cure of endometriosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to present data concerning the current management of endometrioma. Benefits and complications after treatment and the impact on in vitro fertilization outcome are also highlighted.
  
  
  METHODS
  An extensive literature search (PubMed) and Cochrane Library review up to December 2013 were performed using the following keywords: "endometrioma," "cystectomy," "infertility," "IVF," "malignant transformation," "management," and "recurrence."
  
  
  RESULTS
  There is a lack of data from randomized trials to inform the optimal management of endometriomas with respect to pain relief, recurrence, and fertility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further studies are needed to determine the optimal management of endometrioma. Currently, there is no evidence that surgical management improves the fertility of women with endometrioma.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Patras University School of Medicine, Patra, Greece.
authors.forename: Apostolos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaponis
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan.
authors.forename: Fuminori
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Student, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan.
authors.forename: Imari
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Deura
authors.affiliation: Resident, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Patras University School of Medicine, Patra, Greece.
authors.forename: Charalampos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vitsas
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Patras University School of Medicine, Patra, Greece.
authors.forename: George O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Decavalas
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan.
authors.forename: Tasuku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harada
mesh_terms: D004715:Endometriosis / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000628:therapy; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D010049:Ovarian Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome