title: Histone deacetylation meets miRNA: epigenetics and post-transcriptional regulation in cancer and chronic diseases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epigenetic regulation via DNA methylation, histone acetylation, as well as by microRNAs (miRNAs) is currently in the scientific focus due to its role in carcinogenesis and its involvement in initiation, progression and metastasis. While many target genes of DNA methylation, histone acetylation and miRNAs are known, even less information exists as to how these mechanisms cooperate and how they may regulate each other in a specific pathological context. For further development of therapeutic approaches, this review presents the current status of the crosstalk of histone acetylation and miRNAs in human carcinogenesis and chronic diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  This article reviews information from comprehensive PubMed searches to evaluate relevant literature with a focus on possible association between histone acetylation, miRNAs and their targets. Our analysis identified specific miRNAs which collaborate with histone deacetylases (HDACs) and cooperatively regulate several relevant target genes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fourteen miRNAs could be linked to the expression of eight HDACs influencing the α-(1,6)-fucosyltransferase, polycystin-2 and the fibroblast-growth-factor 2 pathways. Focusing on the complex linkage of miRNA and HDAC expression could give deeper insights in new 'druggable' targets and might provide possible novel therapeutic approaches in future.
authors.affiliation: Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Department of Surgery , Salzburg , Austria.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Swierczynski
authors.forename: Eckhard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Klieser
authors.forename: Romana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Illig
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Alinger-Scharinger
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kiesslich
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Neureiter
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000502:physiology; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000502:physiology; D012323:RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D006655:Histone Deacetylases
keywords: epigenetics; histone deacetylase; microRNA