title: Penetration depth scaling for impact into wet granular packings.
abstract: We present experimental measurements of penetration depths for the impact of spheres into wetted granular media. We observe that the penetration depth in the liquid saturated case scales with projectile density, size, and drop height in a fashion consistent with the scaling observed in the dry case, but with smaller penetrations. Neither viscous drag nor density effects can explain the enhancement to the stopping force. The penetration depth exhibits a complicated dependence on liquid fraction, accompanied by a change in the drop-height dependence, that must be the consequence of accompanying changes in the conformation of the liquid phase in the interstices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Brzinski
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.|William Penn Charter School, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19144, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schug
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.|The Haverford School, Haverford, Pennsylvania 19041, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Durian