title: Comparison of traditional intranasal and aerosol inhalation inoculation of mice with influenza A viruses.
abstract: Intranasal instillation of virus in a liquid suspension (IN) is the most frequently employed method to inoculate small mammalian models with influenza virus, but does not reflect a natural route of exposure. In contrast, inoculation via aerosol inhalation (AR) more closely resembles human exposure to influenza virus. Studies in mice have yielded conflicting results regarding virulence induced by virus inoculated by these routes, and have not controlled for potential strain-specific differences, or examined contemporary influenza viruses and avian viruses with pandemic potential. We used a whole-body AR inoculation method to compare infectivity and disease progression of a highly pathogenic H5N1, a low pathogenic H7N9, and a 2009 H1N1 virus with traditional IN inoculation in the mouse model. Generally comparable levels of morbidity and mortality were observed with all viruses examined using either inoculation route, indicating that both IN and AR delivery are appropriate for murine studies investigating influenza virus pathogenicity.
authors.affiliation: Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, United States. Electronic address: jax6@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Jessica A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Belser
authors.affiliation: Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, United States.
authors.forename: Kortney M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Gustin
authors.affiliation: Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, United States.
authors.forename: Jacqueline M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.affiliation: Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, United States.
authors.forename: Taronna R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Maines
authors.affiliation: Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, United States.
authors.forename: Terrence M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Tumpey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D064766:Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000401:mortality / Q000821:virology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D014774:Virulence
keywords: Aerosol; Animal model; Infectivity; Influenza