title: Impact of Node Negative Target Volume Delineation on Contralateral Parotid Gland Dose Sparing Using IMRT in Head and Neck Cancer.
abstract: There is considerable practice variation in treatment of the node negative (N0) contralateral neck in patients with head and neck cancer. In this study, we examined the impact of N0 neck target delineation volume on radiation dose to the contralateral parotid gland. Following institutional review board approval, 12 patients with head and neck cancer were studied. All had indications for treatment of the N0 neck, such as midline base of tongue or soft palate extension or advanced ipsilateral nodal disease. The N0 neck volumes were created using the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group head and neck contouring atlas. The physician-drawn N0 neck clinical target volume (CTV) was expanded by 25% to 200% to generate volume variation, followed by a 3-mm planning target volume (PTV) expansion. Surrounding organs at risk were contoured and complete intensity-modulated radiation therapy plans were generated for each N0 volume expansion. The median N0 target volume drawn by the radiation oncologist measured 93 cm(3) (range 71-145). Volumetric expansion of the N0 CTV by 25% to 200% increased the resultant mean dose to the contralateral parotid gland by 1.4 to 8.5 Gray (Gy). For example, a 4.1-mm increase in the N0 neck CTV translated to a 2.0-Gy dose increase to the parotid, 7.4 mm to a 4.5 Gy dose increase, and 12.5 mm to an 8.5 Gy dose increase, respectively. The treatment volume designated for the N0 neck has profound impact on resultant dose to the contralateral parotid gland. Variations of up to 15 mm are routine across physicians in target contouring, reflecting individual preference and training expertise. Depending on the availability of immobilization and image guidance techniques, experts commonly recommend 3 to 10 mm margin expansions to generate the PTV. Careful attention to the original volume of the N0 neck CTV, as well as expansion margins, is important in achieving effective contralateral gland sparing to reduce the resultant xerostomia and dysguesia that may ensue after radiotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA wmagnuson@uwhealth.org.
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Magnuson
authors.affiliation: Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Erich
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Urban
authors.affiliation: Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: R Adam
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bayliss
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Harari
mesh_terms: D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D009333:Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D010306:Parotid Gland / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D011859:Radiography; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000379:methods
keywords: IMRT; head and neck cancer; parotid gland; radiotherapy; xerostomia