title: Effects of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei on colorectal tumor cells activity (CaCo-2).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The probiotic microorganisms are live normal flora that provide nutritional benefits. When probiotic administered in adequate amounts, they also confer a health benefit on the host. Different mechanisms of probiotic effects include the following: stimulating the immune system, modifying the composition of normal intestinal flora and preventing the carcinogenic activity of fecal enzymes. In this study, direct effects of probiotic lactobacilli on tumor cells were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Supernatants and bacterial extracts of two standard Lactobacillus species (L. acidophilus and L. casei) were prepared and CaCo-2 cells were treated with them. Probiotic effects on cell proliferation, necrosis, apoptosis, migration and invasion were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The supernatants of Lactobacilli decreased cell proliferation and increased cell apoptosis, however, no significant effect on cell necrosis was reported. In contrast, Lactobacilli extract, reduced cell proliferation and increased cell apoptosis. Lactobacilli extract also led to cell necrosis. Furthermore, both supernatants and cell extracts of the probiotic agents resulted in decreased cells' migration and invasion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, it was shown that Lactobacilli probiotics useful effects are not confined to the enhancement of the immune system; however, they effectively suppress the malignant phenotypes of colorectal cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Department of Pathobiology, Division of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. soltanirad34@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mohammad Mehdi
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Soltan Dallal
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mojarrad
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baghbani
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raoofian
authors.affiliation: Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Namazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Jalal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mardaneh
authors.affiliation: Immunology Researches Department, Avicenna Research Cente, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Zohreh
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Salehipour
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007779:Lactobacillus acidophilus; D007780:Lacticaseibacillus casei; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology*