title: Accuracy of Image-Fusion Stereolithographic Guides: Mapping CT Data with Three-Dimensional Optical Surface Scanning.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Computer-assisted implant surgery usually requires a radiographic scan template as the basis for prosthetic-driven implant planning and surgical guide fabrication.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study aims to evaluate the accuracy of image-fusion stereolithographic guides in which a computed tomography (CT) scan is mapped with three-dimensional optical scans of cast and diagnostic wax-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three-dimensional error at the base and tip of the implants, angular deviation of the implant-axis, and the inserting-depth error of 120 implants with a length of 10 mm and a caliber of 4.1 mm in 15 polymer-models were examined. A control CT was performed and fused with the planning data for accuracy evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean three-dimensional error was 0.21 ± 0.10 mm (0.00-0.48 mm) at the implant base, 0.32 ± 0.17 mm (0.03-0.75 mm) at the implant tip, and the mean angular error was 0.85 ± 0.59° (0.00-2.50°). The mean depth error was 0.07 ± 0.07 mm (0.00-0.32 mm).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of an in vitro study, the novel technique showed excellent accuracy. Errors from fabrication and scanning of a radiographic scan template can be avoided, and the workflow and costs of computer-assisted implant surgery may be reduced.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Gerlig
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Widmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Johannes Peter Michael
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Berggren
authors.affiliation: Department of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Bastian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.affiliation: Department of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Albina Rosa
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Pichler-Dennhardt
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schullian
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Reto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bale
authors.affiliation: Department of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Puelacher
mesh_terms: D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods; D015921:Dental Implants; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D000076227:Stereolithography; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants
keywords: computerized tomography; stereo lithography; surgical guides