title: In vivo biocompatibility of custom-fabricated apatite-wollastonite-mesenchymal stromal cell constructs.
abstract: We have used the additive manufacturing technology of selective laser sintering (SLS), together with post SLS heat treatment, to produce porous three dimensional scaffolds from the glass-ceramic apatite-wollastonite (A-W). The A-W scaffolds were custom-designed to incorporate a cylindrical central channel to increase cell penetration and medium flow to the center of the scaffolds under dynamic culture conditions during in vitro testing and subsequent in vivo implantation. The scaffolds were seeded with human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and cultured in spinner flasks. Using confocal and scanning electron microscopy, we demonstrated that MSCs formed and maintained a confluent layer of viable cells on all surfaces of the A-W scaffolds during dynamic culture. MSC-seeded, with and without osteogenic pre-differentiation, and unseeded A-W scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously in MF1 nude mice where osteoid formation and tissue in-growth were observed following histological assessment. The results demonstrate that the in vivo biocompatibility and osteo-supportive capacity of A-W scaffolds can be enhanced by SLS-custom design, without the requirement for osteogenic pre-induction, to advance their potential as patient-specific bone replacement materials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5YW, United Kingdom.|Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9LU, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5YW, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Charlotte A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9LU, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Kun
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9LU, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Xuebin B
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9LU, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Kenneth W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Dalgarno
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5YW, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Genever
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001031:Apatites / Q000737:chemistry*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D012824:Silicic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; C077777:apatite-wollastonite-containing glass ceramic; D012824:Silicic Acid
keywords: apatite-wollastonite; glass-ceramic; in vivo biocompatibility; mesenchymal stromal cells; selective laser sintering