title: Human intestinal gas measurement systems: in vitro fermentation and gas capsules.
abstract: The biological and clinical significance of the human gut microbiome is currently attracting worldwide attention. While rRNA and DNA technologies led to a quantum leap in our understanding of the numbers and types of gut microorganisms, much less is known about these microorganisms' activity in situ and in real time. Accurately measuring their byproducts, including intestinal gases, may offer unique biomarkers for specific gut microbiota, accelerating our understanding of the relationships among intestinal gases, the metabolic activity of the gut microbiome, and human health states. Here we present two novel techniques, namely in vitro fermentation and gas capsule systems, for measuring and assessing selected gas species. We discuss new developments with these technologies and the methods of their implementation and provide an overall review of their operation.
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address: jianzhen.ou@rmit.edu.au.
authors.forename: Jian Zhen
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Asaf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rotbart
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Jane G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Muir
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address: kourosh.kalantar@rmit.edu.au.
authors.forename: Kourosh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kalantar-zadeh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001944:Breath Tests; D003938:Diagnostic Techniques, Digestive System; D004867:Equipment Design; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005285:Fermentation; D005740:Gases / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D064307:Microbiota / Q000502:physiology*; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D005740:Gases
keywords: gas capsule; gut microbiome; in vitro fermentation; intestinal gas; therapeutics