title: Simple extraction method using syringe filter for detection of ethephon in tomatoes by negative-ion mode liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: In this study, a simple, rapid, and sensitive method was developed for the extraction of ethephon from homogenized tomatoes that does not require a cleanup procedure. In a syringe filter, three distinct layers - aqueous, acetonitrile, and n-hexane - are clearly separated after storage at -80 °C for 5-10 min. A Dionex IonPac column was used to separate the analyte before detection using negative-ion mode liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The matrix effect of the tested analyte was negligibly small and the matched calibration showed a good linearity over a concentration range of 0.01-1.0 mg/kg with a correlation coefficient (R(2) ) of 0.9998. The recovery at three fortification levels (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg) was between 82.9 and 108.6% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) <5.0%. The limit of quantification (0.03 mg/kg) was lower than the maximum residue limit (3 mg/kg) set by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Republic of Korea. From a field trial, the method developed herein was applied to calculate the decline pattern and predict the pre-harvest residue limits of ethephon in tomatoes. In conclusion, the proposed sample preparation is feasible for the detection of hydrophilic analytes in tomatoes.
authors.affiliation: National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, Products Safety Inspection Laboratory, Gwangsan-Gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Soon-Kil
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, Products Safety Inspection Laboratory, Gwangsan-Gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Mi
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea.|Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.|Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Abd El-Aty
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Md Musfiqur
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Heui
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, Products Safety Inspection Laboratory, Gwangsan-Gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ho-Chul
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shim
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods; D006207:Half-Life; D057230:Limit of Detection; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; C005073:ethephon
keywords: analysis; extraction; method validation; plant growth regulator; residue; tandem mass spectrometry; tomato