title: Percutaneous internal jugular venous cannulation for extracorporeal circulation during minimally invasive technique in children with congenital heart disease: operative technique and results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the percutaneous cannulation of the internal jugular venous (PCIJV) for extracorporeal circulation during minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) in children with simple congenital heart disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  From September 2007, 83 children (<16 years) underwent PCIJV for extracorporeal circulation. Primary outcome of the study was to evaluate the safety and advantages of PCIJV technique. Technical steps and pitfalls of PCIJV technique are described.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median age at surgery was 9 years (range 3.5-16 years) and median body weight was 31 kilograms (range 13-72 kilograms); 32 patients (40%) had a body weight less than 30 kilograms. The PCIJV was achieved with a 14 French cannula in 61 pts (73%), with a 17 Fr cannula in 22 (23%). The PIJVC was judged difficult in 2 patients (2.4%); in both of them cannulation was achieved at a different venous site There were no procedure-related complications and no flow disturbances during the extracorporeal circulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PCIJV during MICS is an effective and reproducible technique for achieving peripheral CPB in children with simple CHDs. We progressively expanded the use of this technique in smaller children and this allows us to further minimize surgical trauma without experiencing venous drainage's problems.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy - giovanni.stellin@unipd.it.
authors.forename: Vladimiro L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Vida
authors.forename: Ivo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tiberio
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.forename: Alvise
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guariento
authors.forename: Emirjeta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Suti
authors.forename: Demetrio
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pittarello
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stellin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005112:Extracorporeal Circulation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007601:Jugular Veins; D008297:Male; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies