title: Long-term anodal block stimulation at sacral anterior roots promoted recovery of neurogenic bladder function in a rabbit model of complete spinal cord injury.
abstract: A complete spinal cord injury model was established in experimental rabbits using the spinal cord clip compression method. Urodynamic examination was performed 2 weeks later to determine neurogenic bladder status. The rabbits were treated with anodal block stimulation at sacral anterior roots for 4 weeks. Electrical stimulation of sacral anterior roots improved urodynamic parameters of neurogenic bladder in rabbit models of complete spinal cord injury, effectively promoted urinary function, and relieved urinary retention. Immunohistochemistry results showed that a balance was achieved among expression of muscarinic receptor subunits M2, M3, ATP-gated ion channel P2X3 receptors, and β2-adrenergic receptor, and nerve growth factor expression decreased. These results suggested that long-term sacral anterior root stimulation of anodal block could be used to treat neurogenic bladder in a rabbit model of complete spinal cord injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoran
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Weihua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Xinquan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Guifeng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Ge
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, People's Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, People's Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Yongjie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Jilin Provincial Hospital, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Jihu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, the Fourth Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130011, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Chaoling
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fan
keywords: anode block; electrical stimulation; immunohistochemistry; neurogenic bladder; spinal cord injury; urodynamics