title: Attractive design: an elution solvent optimization platform for magnetic-bead-based fractionation using digital microfluidics and design of experiments.
abstract: There is great interest in the development of integrated tools allowing for miniaturized sample processing, including solid phase extraction (SPE). We introduce a new format for microfluidic SPE relying on C18-functionalized magnetic beads that can be manipulated in droplets in a digital microfluidic platform. This format provides the opportunity to tune the amount (and potentially the type) of stationary phase on-the-fly, and allows the removal of beads after the extraction (to enable other operations in same device-space), maintaining device reconfigurability. Using the new method, we employed a design of experiments (DOE) operation to enable automated on-chip optimization of elution solvent composition for reversed phase SPE of a model system. Further, conditions were selected to enable on-chip fractionation of multiple analytes. Finally, the method was demonstrated to be useful for online cleanup of extracts from dried blood spot (DBS) samples. We anticipate this combination of features will prove useful for separating a wide range of analytes, from small molecules to peptides, from complex matrices.
authors.affiliation: †Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
authors.forename: Nelson M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Lafrenière
authors.affiliation: †Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
authors.forename: Jared M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mudrik
authors.affiliation: ‡Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada.
authors.forename: Alphonsus H C
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: †Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
authors.forename: Brendon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Seale
authors.affiliation: §Platform Technologies and Science Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 0DP, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Spooner
authors.affiliation: †Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.|‡Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada.
authors.forename: Aaron R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Wheeler
mesh_terms: D000634:Aminoquinolines / Q000032:analysis*; D000803:Angiotensin I / Q000032:analysis*; D059788:Dried Blood Spot Testing; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000634:Aminoquinolines; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D012997:Solvents; D000803:Angiotensin I; C080436:8-aminoquinoline