title: Are Gait Indices Sensitive Enough to Reflect the Effect of Ankle Foot Orthosis on Gait Impairment in Cerebral Palsy Diplegic Patients?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neuromuscular impairments may compromise gait function in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). As such, ambulatory children with CP often use ankle foot orthosis (AFO) to facilitate and optimize their ability to walk.The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the different gait indices, the Gillette Gait Index (GGI), the Gait Deviation Index (GDI), and the Gait Profile Score (GPS), reflect the improved gait that was previously shown using AFO.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of 53 studies on children with spastic diplegic CP. All had undergone a comprehensive gait study and were analyzed while walking, both barefoot and with their braces, in the same session.Kinematic and temporal spatial data were determined and summarized by 3 methods: GPS, GDI, and GGI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences were found between the barefoot condition and the AFO conditions for temporal and kinematic parameters: changes in GGI, GDI, and GPS were not statistically significant, with an improvement of 9.33% in GGI (P=0.448) and no change in GDI and GPS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of AFO in diplegic CP children caused a statistically significant improvement in temporal and kinematic parameters. Interestingly, it was found that this improvement was not reflected by GGI, GDI, or GPS.These findings might suggest that gait indices, as outcome measures, may sometimes not reflect all the effects of specific interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level III-retrospective study.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics ‡The Gait and Motion Analysis Laboratory, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center †Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Danino
authors.forename: Snir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Erel
authors.forename: Meital
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kfir
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khamis
authors.forename: Reuven
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Batt
authors.forename: Yoram
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hemo
authors.forename: Shlomo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wientroub
authors.forename: Shlomo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hayek
mesh_terms: D000842:Ankle / Q000503:physiopathology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001915:Braces; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D061826:Foot Orthoses; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology