title: A New Enzyme-linked Sorbent Assay (ELSA) to Quantify Syncytiotrophoblast Extracellular Vesicles in Biological Fluids.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pregnancy-associated disease preeclampsia is related to the release of syncytiotrophoblast extracellular vesicles (STBEV) by the placenta. To improve functional research on STBEV, reliable and specific methods are needed to quantify them. However, only a few quantification methods are available and accepted, though imperfect. For this purpose, we aimed to provide an enzyme-linked sorbent assay (ELSA) to quantify STBEV in fluid samples based on their microvesicle characteristics and placental origin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ex vivo placenta perfusion provided standards and samples for the STBEV quantification. STBEV were captured by binding of extracellular phosphatidylserine to immobilized annexin V. The membranous human placental alkaline phosphatase on the STBEV surface catalyzed a colorimetric detection reaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The described ELSA is a rapid and simple method to quantify STBEV in diverse liquid samples, such as blood or perfusion suspension. The reliability of the ELSA was proven by comparison with nanoparticle tracking analysis.
authors.affiliation: Placenta-Labor, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Göhner
authors.affiliation: Placenta-Labor, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Women's Center, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Dionne S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Tannetta
authors.affiliation: Placenta-Labor, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Groten
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Plösch
authors.affiliation: Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marijke M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Faas
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sicco A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Scherjon
authors.affiliation: Placenta-Labor, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Ekkehard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schleußner
authors.affiliation: Placenta-Labor, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Udo R
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Markert
authors.affiliation: Placenta-Labor, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Justine S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D055252:Cell-Derived Microparticles / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*
keywords: Exosomes; microvesicles; placenta; placenta perfusion; preeclampsia; pregnancy