title: Saturated fatty acids modulate autophagy's proteins in the hypothalamus.
abstract: Autophagy is an important process that regulates cellular homeostasis by degrading dysfunctional proteins, organelles and lipids. In this study, the hypothesis that obesity could lead to impairment in hypothalamic autophagy in mice was evaluated by examining the hypothalamic distribution and content of autophagic proteins in animal with obesity induced by 8 or 16 weeks high fat diet to induce obesity and in response to intracerebroventricular injections of palmitic acid. The results showed that chronic exposure to a high fat diet leads to an increased expression of inflammatory markers and downregulation of autophagic proteins. In obese mice, autophagic induction leads to the downregulation of proteins, such as JNK and Bax, which are involved in the stress pathways. In neuron cell-line, palmitate has a direct effect on autophagy even without inflammatory activity. Understanding the cellular and molecular bases of overnutrition is essential for identifying new diagnostic and therapeutic targets for obesity.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Applied Science, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Portovedo
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso, UFMT, Cuiaba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Letícia M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ignacio-Souza
authors.affiliation: Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bombassaro
authors.affiliation: Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andressa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coope
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Applied Science, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andressa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reginato
authors.affiliation: Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Razolli
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Applied Science, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Márcio A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Torsoni
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Applied Science, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriana S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Torsoni
authors.affiliation: Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raquel F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.affiliation: Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Licio A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Velloso
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Applied Science, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marciane
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Milanski
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015151:Immunoblotting; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008820:Mice, Obese; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4