title: High spatial resolution proteomic comparison of the brain in humans and chimpanzees.
abstract: We performed high-throughput mass spectrometry at high spatial resolution from individual regions (anterior cingulate and primary motor, somatosensory, and visual cortices) and layers of the neocortex (layers III, IV, and V) and cerebellum (granule cell layer), as well as the caudate nucleus in humans and chimpanzees. A total of 39 mass spectrometry peaks were matched with probable protein identifications in both species, allowing for comparison in expression. We explored how the pattern of protein expression varies across regions and cortical layers to provide insights into the differences in molecular phenotype of these neural structures between species. The expression of proteins differed principally in a region- and layer-specific pattern, with more subtle differences between species. Specifically, human and chimpanzee brains were similar in their distribution of proteins related to the regulation of transcription and enzyme activity but differed in their expression of proteins supporting aerobic metabolism. Whereas most work assessing molecular expression differences in the brains of primates has been performed on gene transcripts, this dataset extends current understanding of the differential molecular expression that may underlie human cognitive specializations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110.|Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130.|Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052.
authors.forename: Amy L
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8518-3819
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Bauernfeind
authors.affiliation: Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232.|Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232.
authors.forename: Michelle L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Reyzer
authors.affiliation: Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232.|Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232.
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Caprioli
authors.affiliation: MAEBIOS-TM, Alamogordo, New Mexico, 88310.
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Ely
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003.
authors.forename: Courtney C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Babbitt
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708.|Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708.|Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708.
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Wray
authors.affiliation: Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029.|New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Patrick R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Hof
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052.
authors.forename: Chet C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Sherwood
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D002679:Pan troglodytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D013045:Species Specificity
keywords: RRIDs: nif-0000-00377; brain energetics; chimpanzee; human evolution; mass spectrometry; nif-0000-02879; nif-0000-30108; nlx 156669; proteomics