title: Impact of enzyme- and ultrasound-assisted extraction methods on biological properties of red, brown, and green seaweeds from the central west coast of Portugal.
abstract: Seaweeds are an excellent source of bioactive compounds, and therefore the use of sustainable and food compatible extraction methods such as enzyme-assisted (EAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction were applied on Sargassum muticum, Osmundea pinnatifida, and Codium tomentosum. Extracts were evaluated for proximate characterization and biological properties. Higher extraction yields were observed for C. tomentosum EAE (48-62%; p < 0.05 for Cellulase and Viscozyme), followed by O. pinnatifida (49-55%; p < 0.05 except Alcalase) and S. muticum (26-31%; p < 0.05). S. muticum extracts presented the highest nitrogen (25 ± 2 mg/glyoph extract) and total phenolics (261 ± 37 μgcatechol equiv/glyoph extract) contents, whereas higher sugars (78 ± 14 mgglucose equiv/glyoph extract) including sulfated polysaccharide (44 ± 8 mgNa2SO4 acid/glyoph extract) contents characterized O. pinnatifida extracts. A higher effect on hydroxyl-radical scavenging activity (35-50%) was observed for all extracts, whereas S. muticum Alcalase and C. tomentosum Cellulase extracts exhibited higher prebiotic activity than fructooligosaccharides. O. pinnatifida and C. tomentosum EAE showed inhibitory potential against α-glucosidase (38-49%).
authors.affiliation: †CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Dina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: §CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Quı́mica Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Sérgio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.affiliation: §CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Quı́mica Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: §CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Quı́mica Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amorim
authors.affiliation: #MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre / IMARFaculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Leonel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: †CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.|⊥ISEIT/Viseu, Instituto Piaget, Estrada do Alto do Gaio, Galifonge, 3515-776 Lordosa, Viseu, Portugal.
authors.forename: Teresa A P
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Rocha-Santos
authors.affiliation: §CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Quı́mica Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana M P
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: †CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Armando C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: †CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.|⊥ISEIT/Viseu, Instituto Piaget, Estrada do Alto do Gaio, Galifonge, 3515-776 Lordosa, Viseu, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana Cristina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Freitas
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002480:Cellulase / Q000737:chemistry*; D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011174:Portugal; D056692:Prebiotics / Q000032:analysis; D000461:Rhodophyta / Q000737:chemistry*; D044647:Sargassum / Q000737:chemistry*; D012624:Seaweed / Q000737:chemistry*; D014465:Ultrasonics / Q000379:methods*; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D056692:Prebiotics; D002480:Cellulase
keywords: Codium tomentosum; Osmundea pinnatifida; Sargassum muticum; biological properties; water-based extraction