title: Ten-year Survival by Race/Ethnicity and Sex Among Treated, HIV-infected Adults in the United States.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ensuring equal access to antiretroviral therapy (henceforth therapy) should alleviate disparities in health outcomes among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, evidence supporting the persistence of disparities in survival following therapy initiation is mixed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients initiating therapy in eight academic medical centers in the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems between 1 January 1998 and 30 December 2011. Patients (n = 10 017) were followed from therapy initiation until death from any cause, administrative censoring at 10 years after therapy initiation or the end of follow-up on 31 December 2011. The 10-year risk of all-cause mortality was calculated from standardized Kaplan-Meier survival curves.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients were followed for a median of 4.7 years (interquartile range: 2.2, 8.2). During 51 121 person-years of follow-up, 1224 of the 10 017 patients died. The overall 10-year mortality risk was 20.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 19.2%, 21.3%). Black men and women experienced standardized 10-year all-cause mortality risks that were 7.2% (95% CI, 4.3%, 10.1%) and 7.9% (95% CI, 3.9%, 12.0%) larger (absolute difference) than white men. White women, Hispanic men, and Hispanic women all had lower 10-year mortality than white men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data serve as a call to action to identify modifiable mechanisms leading to these observed mortality disparities among HIV-infected black patients. Effective interventions are needed to ensure that the goal of the National HIV/AIDS Strategy to overcome health disparities becomes a reality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina.
authors.forename: Catherine R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Lesko
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina.
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Westreich
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Eron
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
authors.forename: Adaora A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Adimora
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: University of California San Diego, San Diego.
authors.forename: W Christopher
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Mathews
authors.affiliation: University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Jeffrey N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle.
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Drozd
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle.
authors.forename: Mari M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Kitahata
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina.
authors.forename: Jessie K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama, Birmingham.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mugavero
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents
keywords: HIV; antiretroviral therapy; cohort studies; health status disparities; survival analysis