title: Large size and high light do not lower the cost of reproduction for the Neotropical herb Goeppertia marantifolia.
abstract: •
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Sexual reproduction is often associated with a cost in terms of reduced survival, growth, or future reproduction. It has been proposed that plant size and the environment (availability of key resources) can sometimes lower or even nullify the cost of reproduction.•
  
  
  METHODS
  We address this issue experimentally with the Neotropical herb Goeppertia marantifolia, by manipulating sexual reproductive effort and measuring the demographic performance of plants and of their clonal offspring, in the context of natural variation in light availability.•
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plants in the high-reproductive-effort treatment grew less between seasons but did not differ in their probability of flowering the second season or in inflorescence size compared with plants in the low-effort treatment. Reproductive effort of parent plants influenced the leaf area of their clonal offspring. Plants that invested less in sexual reproduction produced clonal offspring that were initially larger than those produced by plants that invested more in reproduction. The magnitude of this effect was greater in parent plants that received two seasons of the manipulated reproductive effort than in those that received a single season. The trade-off between reproductive modes dampened with time, leading to smaller differences in clonal offspring leaf area between treatments over time.•
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found evidence of a cost of reproduction and trade-offs between reproductive modes, although the magnitude of these costs was small. However, we found no evidence of lower costs of reproduction for larger plants or for plants in higher-light environments over our 2-yr study period.
authors.affiliation: Susquehanna University, Department of Biology, Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania 17870 USA.
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Matlaga
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Miami, P.O. Box 249118, Coral Gables, Florida 33124 USA.
authors.forename: Carol C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Horvitz
mesh_terms: D003364:Costa Rica; D032426:Marantaceae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D012098:Reproduction; D012621:Seasons; D013472:Sunlight
keywords: Calathea marantifolia; clonal reproduction; cost of reproduction; demographic trade-offs; light availability