title: Clinical features and prognostic factors in patients with head and neck cancer: Results from a multicentric study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether demographics, lifestyle habits, clinical data and alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphisms rs1229984 and rs1573496 associated with first primary head and neck (HNC) are associated with overall survival, recurrence, and second primary cancer (SPC).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a follow-up study in five centres including 801 cases. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for overall survival, recurrence and SPC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five-years overall survival was 62% for HNC cases, 55% for oral cavity, 53% for oropharynx, 41% for hypopharynx, and 71% for larynx. Predictors of survival were older ages (HR=1.18 for 5 years increase; CI: 1.07-1.30), higher tumour stage (HR=4.16; CI: 2.49-6.96), and high alcohol consumption (HR=3.93; CI: 1.79-8.63). A combined therapy (HR=3.29; CI: 1.18-9.13) was associated with a worst prognosis for oral cavity cancer. The only predictor was higher tumour stage (HR=2.25; CI: 1.26-4.03) for recurrence, and duration of smoking (HR=1.91; CI: 1.00-3.68) for SPC. ADH1B rs1229984 polymorphism HRs for HNC and oesophageal cancer death and for alcohol related cancer death were 0.67 (95% CI: 0.42-1.08), and 0.64 (95% CI: 0.40-1.03), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The survival expectation differs among HNC sites. Increasing age and stage, and high alcohol consumption were unfavourable predictors of HNC survival overall. Duration of tobacco consumption before the first primary tumour was a risk factor for SPC.
authors.affiliation: Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito, 1, Rome 00168, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via della Pisana, 235, 00163 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leoncini
authors.affiliation: Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito, 1, Rome 00168, Italy.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vukovic
authors.affiliation: Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito, 1, Rome 00168, Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cadoni
authors.affiliation: Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito, 1, Rome 00168, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pastorino
authors.affiliation: Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito, 1, Rome 00168, Italy.
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arzani
authors.affiliation: IRCCS, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bosetti
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Public Health and Population Studies, Department of Molecular Medicine, Via Loredan 18, 35131 Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Canova
authors.affiliation: Clinica Otorinolaringoiatrica, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20053 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Garavello
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: La Vecchia
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maule
authors.affiliation: Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito, 1, Rome 00168, Italy.
authors.forename: Livia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Petrelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Via Zuretti n. 29, 10126 Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pira
authors.affiliation: SOC Epidemiologia e Biostatistica, IRCCS Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Via F. Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Polesel
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Richiardi
authors.affiliation: SOC Epidemiologia e Biostatistica, IRCCS Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Via F. Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Serraino
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Public Health and Population Studies, Department of Molecular Medicine, Via Loredan 18, 35131 Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Simonato
authors.affiliation: Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito, 1, Rome 00168, Italy.
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ricciardi
authors.affiliation: Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito, 1, Rome 00168, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via della Pisana, 235, 00163 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: sboccia@rm.unicatt.it.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boccia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase
keywords: Head and neck cancer; Recurrence; Second primary; Survival