title: Expression of metabolism-related proteins in lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the expression and the clinical implications of metabolism-related proteins in lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) in comparison with salivary gland ACC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human tissue samples of lacrimal gland ACC (n = 11) and salivary gland ACC (n = 64) were analyzed. Immunochemistry was used to measure expression of proteins related to glycolysis (glucose transporter 1, hexokinase II, carbonic anhydrase IX, and monocarboxylate transporter 4 [MCT4]), glutaminolysis (glutaminase 1 [GLS1], glutamate dehydrogenase [GDH], and amino acid transporter 2 [ASCT2]), mitochondria (adenosine triphosphate [ATP] synthase, succinate dehydrogenase A [SDHA], and succinate dehydrogenase B), and glycolytic intermediate metabolism (phosphoserine phosphatase [PSPH], serine hydroxymethyl transferase 1 [SHMT1]).
  
  
  RESULTS
  GLS1 and ASCT2 were more highly expressed, and GDH, ATP synthase, and SDHA were expressed to a lesser degree in lacrimal gland ACC than in salivary gland ACC (P < .05). Lacrimal gland ACC showed less of a mitochondrial phenotype than did salivary gland ACC (P = .001). Positivity of MCT4 and PSPH was related to shorter disease-free survival, and SHMT1 was related to shorter overall survival (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lacrimal gland ACC exhibited higher expression of GLS1 and ASCT2, compared with salivary gland ACC. Overexpression of MCT4, PSPH, and SHMT1 was associated with poorer prognosis.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pathology and.
authors.forename: Ja Seung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. yoonjs@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Jin Sook
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D026962:Amino Acid Transport System ASC / Q000378:metabolism; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D003528:Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005134:Eye Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005972:Glutaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D012696:Glycine Hydroxymethyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007765:Lacrimal Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007766:Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015778:Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; D027501:Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters / Q000378:metabolism; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011379:Prognosis; D012468:Salivary Gland Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D026962:Amino Acid Transport System ASC; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015778:Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; D027501:Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters; D009124:Muscle Proteins; C406962:SLC16A4 protein, human; C420506:SLC1A5 protein, human; D012696:Glycine Hydroxymethyltransferase; C520541:SHMT protein, human; C579480:GLS protein, human; D005972:Glutaminase
keywords: Adenoid cystic carcinoma; Lacrimal gland; Metabolism-related protein; Protein expression; Salivary gland