title: Combined effects of fine particulate matter and lipopolysaccharide on apoptotic responses in NR8383 macrophages.
abstract: Alveolar macrophages (AM) are the predominant lung cells responsible for both ingestion and clearance of inhaled particulate matter (PM). The aims of this study were (1) to examine effects of fine PM on rat NR8383 cell line apoptosis, and (2) to determine whether NR8383 cell functions are further affected when exposed to fine PM in the presence of inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Standard Reference Material 2786 (SRM 2786) for fine PM was used to measure the following parameters: cytotoxicity, apoptotic rate, Bax/Bcl-2 expression, nitric oxide (NO) production, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in NR8383 cells. Data showed that SRM 2786 alone induced damage and apoptosis in NR8383 cells in a concentration-dependent manner as demonstrated by significant decrease in expression of Bcl-2 and increase in expression of Bax, suggesting fine PM might trigger apoptosis involving a mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway. In addition, there was elevated production of free radicals, such as NO and ROS, suggesting oxidative stress plays a role in the observed apoptotic responses. Further, LPS pretreatment enhanced apoptosis of NR8383 cells induced by SRM 2786. Consequently, data indicate that SRM 2786 triggered cell apoptosis in NR8383 cells, probably by mechanisms involving oxidative stress, as evidenced by elevated NO and ROS levels, while the degree of apoptosis was further aggravated by inflammation.
authors.affiliation: a Wuhan Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Jianghan University , Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone , Wuhan , P. R. China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ru
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Baomiao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Rihui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Congyue
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Mingshan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pi
authors.forename: Chaoying
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000187:drug effects*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C494828:Bax protein, rat; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D052638:Particulate Matter; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D009569:Nitric Oxide