title: A High-Throughput Mass Spectrometry Assay Coupled with Redox Activity Testing Reduces Artifacts and False Positives in Lysine Demethylase Screening.
abstract: Demethylation of histones by lysine demethylases (KDMs) plays a critical role in controlling gene transcription. Aberrant demethylation may play a causal role in diseases such as cancer. Despite the biological significance of these enzymes, there are limited assay technologies for study of KDMs and few quality chemical probes available to interrogate their biology. In this report, we demonstrate the utility of self-assembled monolayer desorption/ionization (SAMDI) mass spectrometry for the investigation of quantitative KDM enzyme kinetics and for high-throughput screening for KDM inhibitors. SAMDI can be performed in 384-well format and rapidly allows reaction components to be purified prior to injection into a mass spectrometer, without a throughput-limiting liquid chromatography step. We developed sensitive and robust assays for KDM1A (LSD1, AOF2) and KDM4C (JMJD2C, GASC1) and screened 13,824 compounds against each enzyme. Hits were rapidly triaged using a redox assay to identify compounds that interfered with the catalytic oxidation chemistry used by the KDMs for the demethylation reaction. We find that overall this high-throughput mass spectrometry platform coupled with the elimination of redox active compounds leads to a hit rate that is manageable for follow-up work.
authors.affiliation: Epizyme, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA twigle@epizyme.com.
authors.forename: Tim J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Wigle
authors.affiliation: Epizyme, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Kerren K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Swinger
authors.affiliation: Epizyme, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: SAMDI Tech, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Scholle
authors.affiliation: SAMDI Tech, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sherrill
authors.affiliation: Epizyme, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Admirand
authors.affiliation: Epizyme, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors.forename: P Ann
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Boriack-Sjodin
authors.affiliation: Epizyme, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kuntz
authors.affiliation: Epizyme, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chesworth
authors.affiliation: Epizyme, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Mikel P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Moyer
authors.affiliation: Epizyme, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Margaret Porter
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.affiliation: Epizyme, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Copeland
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000379:methods; D057075:Enzyme Assays; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays / Q000379:methods*; D056466:Histone Demethylases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D056484:Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases / Q000378:metabolism; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D008745:Methylation; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D054852:Small Molecule Libraries
chemical_list: D006657:Histones; C413655:KDM4C protein, human; D054852:Small Molecule Libraries; D056466:Histone Demethylases; D056484:Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases; C495195:KDM1A protein, human
keywords: KDM1A or LSD1 or AOF2; KDM4C or JMJD2C or GASC1; epigenetics; lysine demethylase (KDM); redox; self-assembled monolayer desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SAMDI)