title: Pharmacodynamics of isavuconazole in an Aspergillus fumigatus mouse infection model.
abstract: Azole resistance is an emerging problem in Aspergillus fumigatus which translates into treatment failure. Alternative treatments with new azoles may improve therapeutic outcome in invasive aspergillosis (IA) even for strains with decreased susceptibility to current azoles. The in vivo efficacy of 0.25, 1, 4, 16, 64, 128, 256, and 512 mg/kg of body weight/day prodrug isavuconazonium sulfate (BAL8557) (isavuconazole [ISA]-equivalent doses of 0.12, 0.48, 1.92, 7.68, 30.7, 61.4, 122.9, and 245.8 mg/kg/day, respectively) administered by oral gavage was assessed in an immunocompetent murine model of IA against four clinical A. fumigatus isolates: a wild-type isolate (ISA MICEUCAST, 0.5 mg/liter) and three azole-resistant isolates harboring substitutions in the cyp51A gene: G54W (ISA MIC(EUCAST), 0.5 mg/liter), M220I (ISA MIC(EUCAST), 4 mg/liter), and TR34/L98H (ISA MIC(EUCAST), 8 mg/liter). The maximum effect (100% survival) was reached at a prodrug isavuconazonium sulfate dose of 64 mg/kg for the wild-type isolate, 128 mg/kg for the G54W mutant, and 256 mg/kg two times per day (q12) for the M220I mutant. A maximum response was not achieved with the TR34/L98H isolates with the highest dose of prodrug isavuconazonium sulfate (256 mg/kg q12). For a survival rate of 50%, the effective AUC(0-24)/MIC(EUCAST) ratio for ISA total drug was 24.73 (95% confidence interval, 22.50 to 27.18). The efficacy of isavuconazole depended on both the drug exposure and the isavuconazole MIC of the isolates. The quantitative relationship between exposure and effect (AUC(0-24)/MIC) can be used to optimize the treatment of human infections by A. fumigatus, including strains with decreased susceptibility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Seyedmojtaba
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6194-7447
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seyedmousavi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Roger J M
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Brüggemann
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, the Netherlands Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jacques F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Meis
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Willem J G
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Melchers
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Verweij
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, the Netherlands jwmouton@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Johan W
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6736-4149
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Mouton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D001232:Aspergillus fumigatus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D009570:Nitriles / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011725:Pyridines / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014230:Triazoles / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D009570:Nitriles; D011725:Pyridines; D014230:Triazoles; C508735:isavuconazole