title: Bacterial enteric infections detected by culture-independent diagnostic tests--FoodNet, United States, 2012-2014.
abstract: The increased availability and rapid adoption of culture-independent diagnostic tests (CIDTs) is moving clinical detection of bacterial enteric infections away from culture-based methods. These new tests do not yield isolates that are currently needed for further tests to distinguish among strains or subtypes of Salmonella, Campylobacter, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, and other organisms. Public health surveillance relies on this detailed characterization of isolates to monitor trends and rapidly detect outbreaks; consequently, the increased use of CIDTs makes prevention and control of these infections more difficult. During 2012-2013, the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet*) identified a total of 38,666 culture-confirmed cases and positive CIDT reports of Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shigella, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, Vibrio, and Yersinia. Among the 5,614 positive CIDT reports, 2,595 (46%) were not confirmed by culture. In addition, a 2014 survey of clinical laboratories serving the FoodNet surveillance area indicated that use of CIDTs by the laboratories varied by pathogen; only CIDT methods were used most often for detection of Campylobacter (10%) and STEC (19%). Maintaining surveillance of bacterial enteric infections in this period of transition will require enhanced surveillance methods and strategies for obtaining bacterial isolates.
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
authors.forename: Jennifer Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Alicia B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Cronquist
authors.forename: Carlota
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Medus
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hurd
authors.forename: Shelley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zansky
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: Amy M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Woron
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oosmanally
authors.forename: Patricia M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Besser
authors.forename: Olga L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Henao
mesh_terms: D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D002167:Campylobacter / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002169:Campylobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D046508:Culture Techniques / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004405:Dysentery, Bacillary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005517:Foodborne Diseases; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012475:Salmonella / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D054323:Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012760:Shigella / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014733:Vibrio / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014735:Vibrio Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015007:Yersinia / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015009:Yersinia Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology