title: Differences in End Range of Motion Vertical Jump Kinetic and Kinematic Strategies Between Trained Weightlifters and Elite Short Track Speed Skaters.
abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to identify differences in end range of motion (ROM) kinetic and kinematic strategies between highly resistance and vertical jump-trained athletes and controls. Weightlifters (WL: n = 4), short track speed skaters (STSS: n = 5), and nonresistance-trained controls (C: n = 6) performed 6 standing vertical squat jumps (SJ) and countermovement jumps (CMJ) without external resistance. Jump testing was performed using 3-dimensional marker trajectories captured with a 15-camera motion analysis system synchronized with 2 in-ground force plates. During SJ, there were large effects for the difference in time before toe off of peak vertical velocity between WL to STSS and C (ES: -1.43; ES: -1.73, respectively) and for the decrease between peak and toe off vertical velocity (ES: -1.28; ES: -1.71, respectively). During CMJ, there were large effects for the difference in time before toe off of peak vertical velocity between WL to STSS and C (ES: -1.28; ES: -1.53, respectively) and for decrease between peak and toe off vertical velocity (ES: -1.03; ES: -1.59, respectively). Accompanying these differences for both jump types were large effects for time of joint deceleration before toe off for all lower body joints between WL compared with C with large effects between WL and STSS at the hip and between STSS and C at the ankle. These findings suggest that the end ROM kinetic and kinematic strategy used during jumping is group-specific in power-trained athletes, with WL exhibiting superior strategies as compared with resistance- and jump-trained STSS.
authors.affiliation: 1Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, Australia; 2School of Human Movement Studies, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, Australia; 3Olympic Winter Institute of Australia, Melbourne, Australia; 4Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australia; and 5School of Exercise and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Haug
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Spratford
authors.forename: Kym J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Dale W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Drinkwater
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D012861:Skating / Q000502:physiology*; D014891:Weight Lifting / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult