title: Genetic and molecular aspects of hypertension.
abstract: Until recently, significant advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of blood pressure regulation arose from studies of monogenic forms of hypertension and hypotension, which identified rare variants that primarily alter renal salt handling. Genome-wide association and exome sequencing studies over the past 6 years have resulted in an unparalleled burst of discovery in the genetics of blood pressure regulation and hypertension. More importantly, genome-wide association studies, while expanding the list of common genetic variants associated with blood pressure and hypertension, are also uncovering novel pathways of blood pressure regulation that augur a new era of novel drug development, repurposing, and stratification in the management of hypertension. In this review, we describe the current state of the art of the genetic and molecular basis of blood pressure and hypertension.
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.F.D.); and Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology, London, United Kingdom (M.C.).
authors.forename: Sandosh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Padmanabhan
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.F.D.); and Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology, London, United Kingdom (M.C.).
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caulfield
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., A.F.D.); and Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology, London, United Kingdom (M.C.). Anna.Dominiczak@glasgow.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Anna F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Dominiczak
mesh_terms: D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D001477:Bartter Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006929:Hyperaldosteronism / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D046110:Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D007022:Hypotension / Q000235:genetics; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008901:Mineralocorticoids / Q000502:physiology; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D009154:Mutation; D009386:Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010235:Paraganglioma / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D010673:Pheochromocytoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011247:Pregnancy; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D008901:Mineralocorticoids; D012982:Sodium, Dietary
keywords: blood pressure; exome; genome-wide association study; hypertension; natriuretic peptide, brain; uromodulin