title: Comparative proteomics of primary breast carcinomas and lymph node metastases outlining markers of tumor invasion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lymph node metastasis is an important clinicopathological parameter for breast cancer prognostication and treatment. Although the development of metastasis is common in axillary lymph nodes, the mechanisms underlying the locoregional spread are yet poorly understood. In the present study, we outline the involvement of proteins in tumor invasion by comparing the proteome profile of primary breast tumors (PBT) against that of lymph node metastasis (LNM).
  
  
  METHODS
  The comparative proteome analyses of seven paired samples were performed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and mass spectrometry (MS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recurrent proteins were differentially expressed in PBT and LNM across patients. Higher levels of 1433G, 1433T, K2C8, PSME2, SNAA, TPM4, TRFE and VIME were observed in primary tumors compared to the metastatic site. On the other hand, higher levels of ALDH2 and GDIR2 were identified in metastasis related to tumors. These proteins provide a new insight on breast cancer research.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our achievements strengthened previous omics-based studies and also support the validation of potential markers of tumor invasion and metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Heloisa Helena
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Milioli
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karla
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Santos Sousa
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaviski
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nayara Cristina
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Dos Santos Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Cirurgia Oncológica, Hospital Nossa Senhora das Graças, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cícero
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Andrade Urban
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Cirurgia Oncológica, Hospital Nossa Senhora das Graças, Curitiba, Brazil Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Hospital de Clínicas, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rubens Silveira
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: De Lima
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Iglenir João
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Cavalli
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Enilze Maria
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: De Souza Fonseca Ribeiro
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D020543:Proteome
keywords: 2D PAGE; MALDI-ToF; Proteomics; breast cancer; lymph node; markers; mass spectrometry; metastasis; tumour invasion