title: Vitamin D Modulates the Expression of IL-27 and IL-33 in the Central Nervous System in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been reported that vitamin D has broad anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of vitamin D on the expression of IL-27 and IL-33 in a model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).
  
  
  METHODS
  EAE was induced in C57BL/6 mice by immunization with myelin oligodendroglial glycoprotein mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant. The mice were administered with PBS or olive oil, intraperitoneally, in the control groups and vitamin D (200 ng every two days) in the treatment group, from day +3 to +30. At day 31, the mice were scarified and their spinal cords and brains were harvested. The expression of the IL-27 and IL-33 mRNA in the spinal cord was measured using real time-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In PBS- or olive oil-treated EAE mice the expression of IL-27 P28 mRNA was significantly lower than that in the healthy control group (p<0.002). In both PBS- and olive oil-treated EAE groups, the expression of IL-27 EBI3 mRNA was also lower than that observed in the healthy group, but the differences were not significant. In vitamin D-treated EAE group, the expression of IL-27 P28 and IL-27 EBI3 were significantly higher compared with the olive oil-treated EAE groups (p<0.002 and p<0.04, respectively). The expression of IL-33 was significantly higher in PBS-or olive oil-treated EAE groups compared with healthy mice (p<0.05 and p<0.02, respectively). Vitamin D significantly decreased the expression of IL-33 compared with PBS- or olive oil-treated EAE mice (p<0.04, p<0.02, respectively). The PBS- or olive oil -treated EAE mice showed the clinical symptoms of EAE at days 9 and 10, respectively. The vitamin D-treated EAE group exhibited the symptoms at day 12 post immunization. The maximum mean clinical score and mean pathological scores were also significantly lower in vitamin D-treated EAE group, in comparison with PBS- or olive oil treated EAE mice (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin D may modulate the expression of IL-27 and IL-33 in the spinal cord of EAE mice and also ameliorate the clinical symptoms of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Marziyeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohammadi-Kordkhayli
authors.forename: Rayhane
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ahangar-Parvin
authors.forename: Sayed Vahab
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Azizi
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nemati
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shamsizadeh
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khaksari
authors.forename: Sayed Mohammad
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Moazzeni
authors.forename: Abdollah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jafarzadeh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D000067596:Interleukin-33 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007378:Interleukins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C486767:Il27 protein, mouse; C506535:Il33 protein, mouse; D000067596:Interleukin-33; D007378:Interleukins; D014807:Vitamin D