title: Neuronal and vascular interactions.
abstract: The brain, which represents 2% of body mass but consumes 20% of body energy at rest, has a limited capacity to store energy and is therefore highly dependent on oxygen and glucose supply from the blood stream. Normal functioning of neural circuits thus relies on adequate matching between metabolic needs and blood supply. Moreover, not only does the brain need to be densely vascularized, it also requires a tightly controlled environment free of toxins and pathogens to provide the proper chemical composition for synaptic transmission and neuronal function. In this review, we focus on three major factors that ensure optimal brain perfusion and function: the patterning of vascular networks to efficiently deliver blood and nutrients, the function of the blood-brain barrier to maintain brain homeostasis, and the regulation of cerebral blood flow to adequately couple energy supply to neural function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; email: bandreone@fas.harvard.edu , Baptiste_Lacoste@hms.harvard.edu , Chenghua_Gu@hms.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Benjamin J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Andreone
authors.forename: Baptiste
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lacoste
authors.forename: Chenghua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: blood–brain barrier; cerebral blood flow; cerebrovascular patterning; endothelial cells; neurovascular networks; neurovascular unit