title: Percutaneous stone removal: new approaches to access and imaging.
abstract: Percutaneous renal access and removal of large renal calculi was first described nearly 40 years ago and has since become the gold standard in management of large and complex renal calculi. In this same time period, technological and medical advances have allowed this procedure to develop in improved efficacy and morbidity. The following review offers an update to new approaches to percutaneous renal access and imaging in the management of large and complex renal calculi.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 5200 Centre Avenue, Suite 209, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA, slaterrc@upmc.edu.
authors.forename: Rick C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Slater
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ost
mesh_terms: D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D006801:Humans; D053040:Nephrolithiasis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000379:methods*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted