title: Dissociation of explicit and implicit responses during a change blindness task in schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with schizophrenia are abnormally disturbed by information onsets, which may result in a disadvantage in filtering relevant information. The paradigm of change blindness offers the interesting possibility of studying sensitivity to the sudden irruption of visual information with ecological stimuli in schizophrenia. An increased attentional capture by the irruption of visual information would suggest better performance in patients than in healthy controls. This approach has the advantage of circumventing a non-specific general attentional deficit in schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen patients with schizophrenia and 16 healthy controls were asked to detect changes in 99 scenes with 0, 1 or 3 changes. We measured the participants' speed and accuracy in explicitly reporting the changes via motor responses and their capacity to implicitly detect changes via eye movements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although the controls were faster and more efficient in explicitly reporting changes, the patients' eyes shifted more quickly toward the changes. Regardless of the group, increasing the magnitude of change improved the performance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The better capacity of the patients to shift their eyes toward changes confirmed the capture by the sudden irruption of visual information in schizophrenia while avoiding the effects of general attentional deficits. However, the striking dissociation between this implicit response and the capacity to explicitly report changes could be interpreted as a deficit in access to conscious perception.
authors.affiliation: Pôle de Psychiatrie, CHRU Lille, Lille F-59000, France; Laboratoire Sciences Cognitives Sciences Affectives (SCALab), UMR 9193 CNRS, Université Lille, Lille F-59000, France. Electronic address: pierre.grandgenevre@chru-lille.fr.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grandgenevre
authors.affiliation: Pôle de Psychiatrie, CHRU Lille, Lille F-59000, France; Laboratoire Sciences Cognitives Sciences Affectives (SCALab), UMR 9193 CNRS, Université Lille, Lille F-59000, France.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vaiva
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Sciences Cognitives Sciences Affectives (SCALab), UMR 9193 CNRS, Université Lille, Lille F-59000, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boloix
authors.affiliation: Pôle de Psychiatrie, CHRU Lille, Lille F-59000, France; Laboratoire Sciences Cognitives Sciences Affectives (SCALab), UMR 9193 CNRS, Université Lille, Lille F-59000, France.
authors.forename: Maxime
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bubrovszky
authors.affiliation: CHU Nancy, Centre d'Investigation Clinique CIC-INSERM 9501, Nancy F-54000, France; CHU Nancy, Maison des Addictions, Nancy F-54000, France; Centre Psychothérapeutique de Nancy, Nancy F-54000, France; EA7298, INGRES, Univ. Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, Nancy F-54000, France.
authors.forename: Raymund
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schwan
authors.affiliation: CHU Nancy, Centre d'Investigation Clinique CIC-INSERM 9501, Nancy F-54000, France; CHU Nancy, Maison des Addictions, Nancy F-54000, France; Centre Psychothérapeutique de Nancy, Nancy F-54000, France; EA7298, INGRES, Univ. Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, Nancy F-54000, France.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Laprevote
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D053483:Eye Movement Measurements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011581:Psychological Tests; D011930:Reaction Time; D012559:Schizophrenia; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D014796:Visual Perception; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Change blindness; Eye tracking; Implicit response; Schizophrenia