title: Minimally invasive surgical options for congenital and acquired uterine factors associated with recurrent pregnancy loss.
abstract: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as two or more failed clinical pregnancies before 20 weeks' gestation and may be caused by genetic, endocrinologic, anatomic and immunologic abnormalities. Anatomic uterine anomalies include congenital malformations (bicornuate, didelphic, septate and unicornuate uteri) and acquired defects (fibroids, adenomas, adhesions and polyps). Women with septate and bicornuate uteri, intrauterine adhesions, and some adenomas and fibroids are at increased risk of RPL. Data support surgical treatment of all of these lesions except bicornuate uteri. The role of polyps in RPL is unclear. Minimally invasive options for surgical correction of intrauterine lesions include hysteroscopy, laparoscopy with and without robotic assistance and minilaparotomy.
authors.affiliation: Minimally Invasive Surgery, Fertility Associates of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38120, USA.
authors.forename: Amelia P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Carolyn R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Jaslow
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Kutteh
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015907:Hysteroscopy; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D011127:Polyps / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D012008:Recurrence; D065287:Robotic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D014564:Urogenital Abnormalities / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D014591:Uterine Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D014599:Uterus / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D016387:Women's Health
keywords: acquired uterine anomaly; adenoma; congenital uterine anomaly; fibroid; minimally invasive surgery; miscarriage; polyp; recurrent pregnancy loss; septum; uterine adhesion