title: A preliminary study of side population cells in human gastric cancer cell line HGC-27.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cancer stem cell-like side population (SP) cells, which may be responsible for recurrence, tumor metastasis, and resistance to cancer therapy, have been identified and characterized in several types of cell lines from gastric cancer. However, there is no report on isolation of SP cells from human gastric cancer cell line HGC-27. This study aims to analyze the proportion of SP cells in HGC-27 cell line, differentiate SP from non-side population (NSP) cells, and determine whether the SP cells have certain biological properties of stem cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  (1) HGC-27 suspension was prepared and stained with Hoechst33342 and PI for flow cytometric isolation of SP (2). Differences in proliferation and stemness-related gene expression profiles (CD133, CD44, OCT-4, MDR1, EpCAM, and ABCG2) between SP and NSP cells were detected by gastric formation assay and quantitative real-time PCR (3). Oncogenicity of SP and NSP cells was determined in nude mice in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) SP cells accounted for 0.1-1.0% of HGC-27 cells, and decreased to 0% after verapamil inhibition. Using flow cytometry, we sorted 7.5×10⁵ SP cells and most HGC-27 cells were NSP cells (2). Gastric formation assay and MTT demonstrated that there was a significant difference in proliferation between SP and NSP cells. Gene expression analysis showed that the expression of genes was significantly higher in SP cells (3). The oncogenicity experiment in nude mice revealed that 105 SP cells were able to form tumors, which demonstrated higher tumorigenicity than non-SP cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results collectively suggested that SP cells from HGC-27 cell line have some cancer stem cell properties and could be used for studying the pathogenesis of gastric cancer, which may contribute to discovery of novel therapeutic targets.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Fengxian Central Hospital, Shanghai, Zhabei, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Ganglong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Fengxian Central Hospital, Shanghai, Zhabei, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Zhenliang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Shanghai No. 9 People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Zhabei, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wenyong
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Shanghai No. 9 People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Zhabei, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dongxia
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai RENJI Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Zhabei, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Runjia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Fengxian Central Hospital, Shanghai, Zhabei, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Xueli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D058985:Side-Population Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*