title: Sleep Disturbances in Pediatric Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Review of Current Research.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Children and adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) frequently report sleep disturbances. However, little is known about the nature and severity of sleep disturbance and factors associated with sleep problems in pediatric CFS. The purpose of this review was to synthesize and critically appraise existing literature relating to sleep disturbances in pediatric CFS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Embase, CINAHL, PsychINFO, PubMed. and Medline databases were searched to retrieve all studies that included an assessment of sleep in pediatric CFS. Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility, extracted data, and systematically assessed reporting quality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six studies were included and these were mostly case-controlled designs. Findings varied across studies; however, most studies found that children and adolescents with CFS had significantly more sleep disturbances when compared to healthy controls. Significant methodological variations and limitations were apparent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This review suggests that children and adolescents with CFS experience sleep disturbances. However, results need to be interpreted cautiously given the limited evidence available and its overall low quality. More research is required to elucidate the nature and extent of sleep disturbance in pediatric CFS and should focus on (1) identifying the specific types, causes, and severity of sleep disturbances; (2) the specific consequences of sleep disturbances; and (3) the most effective interventions for sleep problems in this population.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute.|Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne.
authors.forename: Kelli
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Snodgrass
authors.affiliation: Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute.|Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne.|Victorian Paediatric Rehabilitation Service, The Royal Children's Hospital.
authors.forename: Adrienne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.affiliation: Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute.|Victorian Paediatric Rehabilitation Service, The Royal Children's Hospital.|Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scheinberg
authors.affiliation: Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute.|Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne.|Victorian Paediatric Rehabilitation Service, Monash Children's, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Knight
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D035843:Biomedical Research; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D015673:Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: actigraphy; chronic fatigue syndrome; pediatrics; sleep measurement