title: Proteomics for the detection of indirect markers of steroids treatment in bovine muscle.
abstract: Despite the ban by the European Union, anabolic steroids might still be illicitly employed in bovine meat production. The surveillance of misuse of such potentially harmful molecules is necessary to guarantee consumers' health. Analytical methods for drug residue control are based on LC-MS/MS, but their efficacy can be hindered due to undetectable residual concentrations as a result of low-dosage treatments. Screening methods based on the recognition of indirect biological effects of growth promoters' administration, such as the alteration of protein expression, can improve the efficacy of surveillance. The present study was aimed at identifying modifications in the muscle protein expression pattern between bulls treated with an ear implant (Revalor-XS®) containing trenbolone acetate (200 mg) and estradiol (40 mg), and untreated animals. The analysis of skeletal muscle was carried out using a tandem mass tags shotgun proteomics approach. We defined 28 candidate protein markers with a significantly altered expression induced by steroids administration. A subset of 18 candidate markers was validated by SRM and allowed to build a predictive model based on partial least square discriminant analysis. Our findings confirm the effectiveness of the proteomics approach as potential tool to overcome analytical limitations of drug residue monitoring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (PD), Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stella
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (PD), Italy.
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Biancotto
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Padova University, Padova, Italy.|Proteomics Center of Padova University, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arrigoni
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Risk Analysis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (PD), Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barrucci
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (PD), Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Angeletti
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunotechnology, Medicon Village, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: James
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D002417:Cattle; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004958:Estradiol / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014204:Trenbolone Acetate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004338:Drug Combinations; C021828:Revalor; D004958:Estradiol; D014204:Trenbolone Acetate
keywords: Animal proteomics; Bovine; Illicit treatments; Selected-reaction monitoring; Steroids; Tandem mass tag quantification