title: Influence of mother-daughter attachment on substance use: a longitudinal study of a Latina community-based sample.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Advancing our initial, cross-sectional study, which showed that adult Latinas' mother-daughter attachment relates to their substance use, the current, longitudinal study tests whether mother and daughter attachment scores at baseline predict their substance use over time.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data from a convenience sample of 133 Latina adult mothers (mean age = 52 years, SD = 10) and 133 Latina adult daughters (mean age = 27, SD = 9) at baseline and at 5-year and 6-year follow-ups after baseline (attrition rate = 16%). Multilevel longitudinal modeling was used to examine the effect of mother-daughter attachment at baseline on their substance use over time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Each unit of increase in the attachment score at baseline is associated with a 0.28 drink decrease in monthly alcohol use (p < .05) and a lower likelihood of being a heavy alcohol or other drug user [exp(β) = 0.97, p < .01] compared with average attachment score at baseline (M = 91.52, SD = 18.00). Time and older age at baseline are associated with decreased substance use. Being born outside the United States is associated with decreased risk of heavy alcohol or other drug use. Being a mother is associated with increased substance use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of this longitudinal study on adult Latinas indicate that mother-daughter attachment has long-lasting effects on substance use trajectories among adult Latinas. Future research should focus on (a) investigating social and cultural factors mediating this relationship and (b) greater substance use among Latina mothers compared with daughters.
authors.affiliation: Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, School of Social Work, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De La Rosa
authors.affiliation: Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, School of Social Work, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse, Florida International University, Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: Patria
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rojas
authors.affiliation: Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, Division of Counseling Psychology, Department of Educational & Counseling Psychology, School of Education, University at Albany - State University of New York, Albany, New York.
authors.forename: Frank R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Dillon
authors.affiliation: Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse, Florida International University, Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: Catalina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lopez-Quintero
authors.affiliation: Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, Department of Biostatistics, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: Tan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse, Florida International University, Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: Gira J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Ravelo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers; D009679:Nuclear Family; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult