title: Cardiovascular Management Self-efficacy: Psychometric Properties of a New Scale and Its Usefulness in a Rehabilitation Context.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Self-efficacy beliefs have been shown to affect various effective health-promoting behaviors in patients. Unfortunately, availability of reliable and valid measures of self-efficacy in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is still very limited.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to present a new scale measuring self-efficacy beliefs in managing CVD and to examine its psychometric properties.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study involved 172 patients (mean age = 66.4 years; SD = 9.99 years; 76.2% men) undergoing cardiovascular rehabilitation. Various psychological factors and CVD severity indicators were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An Exploratory Structural Equation Model showed that the Cardiovascular Management Self-efficacy Scale has three factors: Cardiac Risk Factors, Adherence to Therapy, and Recognition of Symptoms. They all showed high internal consistency, and good convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity. Furthermore, these factors showed significant relations with CVD severity indicators.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Cardiovascular Management Self-efficacy Scale could be a helpful instrument to monitor differences during interventions to improve good disease management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Milan "Bicocca", Piazza Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Steca
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Greco
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cappelletti
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: D'Addario
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Monzani
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pancani
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Politi
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gestra
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Malfatto
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Parati
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000072038:Cardiac Rehabilitation; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011581:Psychological Tests; D011594:Psychometrics; D020377:Self Efficacy