title: The histopathological effects of levosimendan on liver injury induced by myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the histological and immunohistochemical effects of levosimendan on liver injury induced by myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) in a rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four male Wistar Albino rats were randomly divided into the four groups: Group C (Control, n = 6), Group I/R (n = 6), Group BI (I/R group treated with levosimendan before ischemia, n = 6), and Group AI (I/R group treated with levosimendan after ischemia, n = 6). Myocardial I/R was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by two hours of reperfusion in I/R and I/R+Levosimendan groups. At the end of the study, liver tissue samples were obtained for histopathological and immunohistochemical examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Masson Trichrome staining revealed significant hepatocyte degeneration and necrosis most marked in portal acinus Zone 3, especially around the central veins in Group I/R. Histopathological changes in Group AI were more similar to the changes in Group I/R. Milder hepatocellular degeneration was found in Group BI, when compared to groups I/R and AI. Immunohistochemical score was found to be significantly higher in Group I/R compared to groups C, BI and AI (p < 0.0001). The scores in groups BI and AI were found to be similar (p = 0.068).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Levosimendan ameliorates liver injury induced by myocardial IR, especially when administered before induction of ischemia (Fig. 9, Ref. 37).
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Oktar
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Demir Amac
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Elmas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arslan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Goktas
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Iriz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Erer
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Zor
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tatar
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006835:Hydrazones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011724:Pyridazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000077464:Simendan; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D006835:Hydrazones; D011724:Pyridazines; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000077464:Simendan
keywords: i-NOS; levosimendan; liver injury; myocardial ischemia reperfusion; rat.; remote organ