title: Decreased Resting-State Connectivity between Neurocognitive Networks in Treatment Resistant Depression.
abstract: Approximately one-third of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) do not achieve remission after various treatment options and develop treatment resistant depression (TRD). So far, little is known about the pathophysiology of TRD. Studies in MDD patients showed aberrant functional connectivity (FC) of three "core" neurocognitive networks: the salience network (SN), cognitive control network (CCN), and default mode network (DMN). We used a cross-sectional design and performed resting-state FC MRI to assess connectivity of the SN, CCN, and both anterior and posterior DMN in 17 severe TRD, 18 non-TRD, and 18 healthy control (HC) subjects. Relative to both non-TRD and HC subjects, TRD patients showed decreased FC between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and angular gyrus, which suggests reduced FC between the CCN and DMN, and reduced FC between the medial prefrontal cortex and precuneus/cuneus, which suggests reduced FC between the anterior and posterior DMN. No significant differences in SN FC were observed. Our results suggest that TRD is characterized by a disturbance in neurocognitive networks relative to non-TRD and HC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands ; Brain Imaging Center, Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bart P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: de Kwaasteniet
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands ; Brain Imaging Center, Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands.
authors.forename: Maria M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rive
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands ; Brain Imaging Center, Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands ; Department of Psychiatry, Mood and Anxiety Disorders, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , Netherlands.
authors.forename: Henricus G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Ruhé
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands ; Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , Netherlands ; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen , Nijmegen , Netherlands.
authors.forename: Aart H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Schene
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands ; Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dick J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Veltman
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands ; Brain Imaging Center, Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lisanne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fellinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands ; Brain Imaging Center, Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands.
authors.forename: Guido A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: van Wingen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands ; Brain Imaging Center, Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands ; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences , Amsterdam , Netherlands.
authors.forename: Damiaan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Denys
keywords: cognitive control network; default mode network; functional connectivity; major depressive disorder; salience network; treatment resistant depression