title: Active video games and energy balance in male adolescents: a randomized crossover trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Active video games (AVGs) have been shown to acutely increase energy expenditure when compared with seated video games; however, the influence of AVGs on compensatory adjustments in energy intake and expenditure is largely unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to examine the acute effects of AVGs on energy intake and expenditure.
  
  
  METHODS
  With the use of a randomized crossover design, 26 male adolescents (mean ± SD age: 14.5 ± 1.4 y) completed three 1-h experimental conditions: resting control, seated video game play (Xbox 360; Microsoft), and AVG play (Kinect Adventures on Xbox 360) followed by an ad libitum lunch. A validated food menu was used to assess food intake immediately after the conditions and for the remainder of the day, and a dietary record was used for the subsequent 3-d period. Energy expenditure was measured by using portable indirect calorimetry throughout each experimental condition, and an accelerometer was used to assess the subsequent 3-d period. Appetite sensations were assessed by using visual analog scales at different time points during the testing day. The primary outcomes were acute (immediately after the conditions and 24-h) and short-term (3-d) energy intake and expenditure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Energy expenditure was significantly higher (~145%; P < 0.001) during the AVG condition than during the resting control and seated video game conditions; however, no significant differences in energy expenditure were observed 24 h (~6%; P > 0.49) and 3 d after the experimental conditions (~3%; P > 0.82). No significant differences were observed in absolute energy intake immediately after the conditions (~2%; P > 0.94) or in absolute energy intake 24 h (~5%; P > 0.63) and 3 d (~9%; P > 0.53) after the experimental conditions. Finally, appetite sensations were similar between conditions at all time points (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increase in energy expenditure promoted by a single session of Kinect AVG play is not associated with increased food intake but is compensated for after the intervention, resulting in no measurable change in energy balance after 24 h. These results suggest that the potential of Kinect to reduce the energy gap underlying weight gain is offset within 24 h in male adolescents. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01655901.
authors.affiliation: From the Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (AG, MST, and J-PC); the Behavioral and Metabolic Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (JM); and Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (OJ).
authors.forename: Aidan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gribbon
authors.affiliation: From the Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (AG, MST, and J-PC); the Behavioral and Metabolic Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (JM); and Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (OJ).
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McNeil
authors.affiliation: From the Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (AG, MST, and J-PC); the Behavioral and Metabolic Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (JM); and Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (OJ).
authors.forename: Ollie
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Jay
authors.affiliation: From the Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (AG, MST, and J-PC); the Behavioral and Metabolic Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (JM); and Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (OJ).
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Tremblay
authors.affiliation: From the Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (AG, MST, and J-PC); the Behavioral and Metabolic Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (JM); and Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (OJ). jpchaput@cheo.on.ca.
authors.forename: Jean-Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Chaput
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001066:Appetite; D001835:Body Weight; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D015930:Diet Records; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D012146:Rest; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D018910:Video Games / Q000145:classification
keywords: appetite; energy expenditure; energy intake; exergaming; food; obesity; teenagers