title: The effects of two bathing methods on the time of separation of umbilical cord in term babies in Turkey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Umbilical cord infection developing subsequent to bacterial colonization is one of the outstanding reasons of newborn mortality and morbidity in underdeveloped and developing countries.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to evaluate the influence of sponge and tub bathing methods on umbilical cord separation time in full term babies in Turkey.
  
  
  METHODS
  This quasi-experimental and randomized controlled study was performed on 100 healthy term newborn babies and their mothers. One-hundred full-term babies (51 sponge bathing, 49 tub bathing) born at a state hospital between 14.03.2013 and 18.05.2013 with gestational age of 38-42 weeks, weighing 2500 grams and above and met the selection criteria were included as the study sample. Two booklets were prepared about sponge bathing and tub bathing. Mothers were instructed about sponge bathing and tub bathing, umbilical cord care in prenatal and postnatal periods. The first postnatal visit was performed at the hospital. Home visits and telephone calls were continued until the day of cord separation. Number, percent, mean and standard deviation values, qui-square and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for data assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The time of separation of umbilical cord in babies who were given sponge bathing (6.1 ± 1.4) was shorter compared to those given tub bathing (8.3 ± 2.5) (P < 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since wetting of umbilical cord during tub bathing delays the separation of umbilical cord, sponge bathing is recommended for newborns until the umbilical cord falls off.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Nursing, Zonguldak School of Nursing, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tulay
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ayyildiz
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Nursing, Zonguldak School of Nursing, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hulya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kulakci
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Medical, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ferruh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Niyazi Ayoglu
authors.affiliation: Newborn Service Nursing, Zonguldak Maternity and Children's Hospital, Zonguldak, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nihal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kalinci
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Nursing, Zonguldak School of Nursing, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey.
authors.forename: Funda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Veren
keywords: Home Care Services; Newborn; Nursing Care; Umbilical Cord