title: Neutrophils: Between host defence, immune modulation, and tissue injury.
abstract: Neutrophils, the most abundant human immune cells, are rapidly recruited to sites of infection, where they fulfill their life-saving antimicrobial functions. While traditionally regarded as short-lived phagocytes, recent findings on long-term survival, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, heterogeneity and plasticity, suppressive functions, and tissue injury have expanded our understanding of their diverse role in infection and inflammation. This review summarises our current understanding of neutrophils in host-pathogen interactions and disease involvement, illustrating the versatility and plasticity of the neutrophil, moving between host defence, immune modulation, and tissue damage.
authors.affiliation: Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kruger
authors.affiliation: Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saffarzadeh
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander N R
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Nikolaus
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rieber
authors.affiliation: 3rd Dept. of Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Radsak
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité Hospital, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany; Fachbereich Immunologie, Labor Berlin Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Horst
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: von Bernuth
authors.affiliation: Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Charaf
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Benarafa
authors.affiliation: Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Roos
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skokowa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hartl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000276:immunology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000276:immunology; D065206:Extracellular Traps / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology