title: Portable smartphone quantitation of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in a fluoropolymer microfluidic device.
abstract: We present a new, power-free and flexible detection system named MCFphone for portable colorimetric and fluorescence quantitative sandwich immunoassay detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA). The MCFphone is composed by a smartphone integrated with a magnifying lens, a simple light source and a miniaturised immunoassay platform, the Microcapillary Film (MCF). The excellent transparency and flat geometry of fluoropolymer MCF allowed quantitation of PSA in the range 0.9 to 60 ng/ml with<7% precision in 13 min using enzymatic amplification and a chromogenic substrate. The lower limit of detection was further improved from 0.4 to 0.08 ng/ml in whole blood samples with the use of a fluorescence substrate. The MCFphone has shown capable of performing rapid (13 to 22 min total assay time) colorimetric quantitative and highly sensitive fluorescence tests with good %Recovery, which represents a major step in the integration of a new generation of inexpensive and portable microfluidic devices with commercial immunoassay reagents and off-the-shelf smartphone technology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ana I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Poonam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gehlot
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Kalpita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sidapra
authors.affiliation: Reading School of Pharmacy, Whiteknights, PO Box 224, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom; Capillary Film Technology Ltd, Daux Road, Billingshurst, West Sussex RH14 9SJ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Alexander D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom; Capillary Film Technology Ltd, Daux Road, Billingshurst, West Sussex RH14 9SJ, United Kingdom. Electronic address: n.m.reis@lboro.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Nuno M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Reis
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation; D003124:Colorimetry / Q000295:instrumentation; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D015200:Fluoroimmunoassay / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D056656:Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; D008297:Male; D008904:Miniaturization; D063731:Mobile Applications; D000067716:Point-of-Care Testing; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D000068997:Smartphone; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000295:instrumentation
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
keywords: Colorimetric; Fluorescence; Microfluidic; Miniaturised ELISA; Point of care diagnostics; Smartphone readout