title: Multiparametric ultrasound in the detection of prostate cancer: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the advances and clinical results of the different ultrasound modalities and the progress in combining them into multiparametric UltraSound (mpUS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic literature search on mpUS and the different ultrasound modalities included: greyscale ultrasound, computerized transrectal ultrasound, Doppler and power Doppler techniques, dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound and (shear wave) elastography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Limited research available on combining ultrasound modalities has presented improvement in diagnostic performance. The data of two studies suggest that even adding a lower performing ultrasound modality to a better performing modality using crude methods can already improve the sensitivity by 13-51 %. The different modalities detect different tumours. No study has tried to combine ultrasound modalities employing a system similar to the PIRADS system used for mpMRI or more advanced classifying algorithms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Available evidence confirms that combining different ultrasound modalities significantly improves diagnostic performance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. a.w.postema@amc.uva.nl.
authors.forename: Arnoud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Postema
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mischi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de la Rosette
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hessel
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wijkstra
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: ANNA/C-TRUS; Contrast-enhanced ultrasound; Doppler; Elastography; Multiparametric MRI; Multiparametric UltraSound; Prostate cancer; Shear wave elastography