title: The cytosolic sensor, DDX41, activates antiviral and inflammatory immunity in response to stimulation with double-stranded DNA adherent cells of the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus.
abstract: DDX41, a receptor belonging to the DExD family, functions as a DNA sensor in the mammalian cytoplasm and mediates the antiviral response in host cells. Here, the olive flounder DDX41 was found to have 2267-bp long and encodes a putative protein of 614 amino acid residues. The olive flounder DDX41 mRNA was presented in all tested tissues, and was distinctly expressed in fish naturally infected with LCDV. High expression levels were observed in the heart, liver, kidney and stomach. Furthermore, the olive flounder DDX41 mRNA expression increased significantly in adherent (monocyte-like) cells following stimulation with a DNA virus. Reporter assays showed that the transcriptional activity of the IFN-I promoter was enhanced in DDX41-overexpressing HINAE cells treated with C-di-GMP (dinucleotides). Overexpression of DDX41 also induced the antiviral and inflammatory cytokine gene expression through cytoplasmic C-di-GMP treatment. These results suggest that DDX41 functions as a cytosolic DNA sensor that is capable of inducing antiviral activity and inflammatory responses in the olive flounder.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Nhu Truong
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Quynh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun-ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hikima
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-rim
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Fernand F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Fagutao
authors.affiliation: BluGen Korea, Mangmibeonyeong-ro 38beon-gil, Suyeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mee Sun
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Consolidated Research Institute for Advanced Science and Medical Care, Waseda University, 513, Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-0041, Japan. Electronic address: aokitaka@aoni.waseda.jp.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jungts@gsnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Tae Sung
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism*; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000276:immunology*; D005432:Flounder / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D008156:Luciferases; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014781:Viscera / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004247:DNA; D008156:Luciferases; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases
keywords: Bacterial cyclic dinucleotides; DDX41; DExD/H-box helicases; Innate immunity