title: PM10 in a background urban site: chemical characteristics and biological effects.
abstract: PM10 was sampled in a background urban site in Torino, a northern Italian city. PM10 extracts were tested with THP-1 and A-549 cells to evaluate their effects on cell proliferation, LDH activity, TNFα, IL8 and CYP1A1 expression, and genotoxic damage induction (Comet assay). Through Principal Component Analysis (PCA), it was observed that (1) the aqueous extracts induced the inhibition of cell proliferation in the warm season that clustered together to total ions, (2) organic extracts determined a winter cell viability reduction and (3) there was a genotoxic effect associated with PAH and metal concentrations. The analysed low PAH levels were unable to induce significant CYP1A1 expression. The results obtained confirmed that PM composition and seasonality play an important role in particle-induced toxicity. The presence of PM10-induced biological effects at a low polluted site suggested that a reduction of PM10 mass did not seem to be sufficient to reduce its toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Piazza Polonia, 94, 10126 Torino, Italy. Electronic address: tiziana.schiliro@unito.it.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schilirò
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Piazza Polonia, 94, 10126 Torino, Italy. Electronic address: sara.bonetta@unito.it.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bonetta
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Piazza Polonia, 94, 10126 Torino, Italy. Electronic address: luca.al@hotmail.it.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alessandria
authors.affiliation: Department of Sciences and Innovative Technology, University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy. Electronic address: valentina.gianotti@mfn.unipmn.it.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gianotti
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Piazza Polonia, 94, 10126 Torino, Italy. Electronic address: elisabetta.carraro@unito.it.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carraro
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Piazza Polonia, 94, 10126 Torino, Italy. Electronic address: giorgio.gilli@unito.it.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gilli
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002947:Cities; D020552:Comet Assay; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000235:genetics; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics; D007558:Italy; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D012621:Seasons; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008670:Metals; D052638:Particulate Matter; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; C569463:CYP1A1 protein, human; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1
keywords: Air quality; Genotoxicity; In vitro toxicology; PCA; PM(10)