title: Decreasing self-reported cognitive biases and increasing clinical insight through meta-cognitive training in patients with chronic schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the impact of meta-cognitive training (MCT) on cognitive biases, symptoms, clinical insight, and general functioning among low-level functioning persons diagnosed with chronic schizophrenia who were attending a daily Community Social Support Group Program; we compared the treatment-as-usual (TAU) condition with the MCT + TAU condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four patients diagnosed with chronic schizophrenia were allocated to either the MCT + treatment-as-usual condition or the treatment-as-usual (TAU) condition. Delusion and hallucination severity, cognitive biases, clinical insight, and global functioning were assessed pre- and post-treatment (clinical trial NCT02187692).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant changes were found in symptom severity as measured with the PSYRATS. Conversely, a medium to large effect size was observed for delusional ideation changes when assessed by the self-report measure (Paranoia Checklist). MCT was found to ameliorate cognitive biases as measured by the self-report scale at large effect size, however, no changes in jumping to conclusions (the Fish Task) and theory of mind deficits ("Reading the Mind in the Eyes" Test) were found in the behavioral tasks. MCT increased insight at large effect size. No changes in global functioning were found between the two conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low intensity intervention. No follow-up assessment was provided. Only PSYRATS was assessed blind to patient allocation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MCT has a beneficial effect on low-functioning chronic schizophrenic patients in ameliorating cognitive biases and increasing clinical insight.
authors.affiliation: II Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: lgaweda@wum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Łukasz
authors.initials: Ł
authors.lastname: Gawęda
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Psychology, Maria Grzegorzewska Academy of Special Education, Poland.
authors.forename: Martyna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krężołek
authors.affiliation: University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olbryś
authors.affiliation: University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Turska
authors.affiliation: University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kokoszka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003702:Delusions / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000067489:Metacognition / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010259:Paranoid Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D057566:Self Report; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Cognition; Cognitive behavioral therapy for psychosis; Meta-cognitive training; Psychological intervention; Psychotic symptoms; Schizophrenia