title: Antibacterial activity of essential oils mixture against PSA.
abstract: Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (PSA) is the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit. It is very difficult to treat pandemic disease. The prolonged treatment with antibiotics, has resulted in failure and resistance and alternatives to conventional antimicrobial therapy are needed. The aim of our study was to analyse the phenotypic characteristics of PSA, identify new substances from natural source i.e. essential oils (EOs) able to contain the kiwifruit canker and investigate their potential use when utilised in combination. Specially, we investigated the morphological differences of PSA isolates by scanning electron microscope, and the synergic action of different EOs by time-kill and checkerboard methods. Our results demonstrated that PSA was able to produce extracellular polysaccharides when it was isolated from trunk, and, for the first time, that it was possible to kill PSA with a mixture of EOs after 1 h of exposition. We hypothesise on its potential use in agriculture.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases , University of Rome 'Sapienza' , Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00161 Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vavala
authors.affiliation: a Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases , University of Rome 'Sapienza' , Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00161 Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Passariello
authors.affiliation: b Department of Drugs Chemistry and Technology , University of Rome 'Sapienza' , Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00161 Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pepi
authors.affiliation: c Department of Technology and Health , Italian National Institute of Health , Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Colone
authors.affiliation: b Department of Drugs Chemistry and Technology , University of Rome 'Sapienza' , Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00161 Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Garzoli
authors.affiliation: d Department of Drugs Chemistry and Technology , Rome Center for Molecular Design, University of Rome 'Sapienza' , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Rino
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ragno
authors.affiliation: d Department of Drugs Chemistry and Technology , Rome Center for Molecular Design, University of Rome 'Sapienza' , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Adele
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pirolli
authors.affiliation: c Department of Technology and Health , Italian National Institute of Health , Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Annarita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stringaro
authors.affiliation: a Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases , University of Rome 'Sapienza' , Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00161 Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Letizia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Angiolella
mesh_terms: D029042:Actinidia / Q000382:microbiology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005638:Fruit; D007700:Kinetics; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D044224:Pseudomonas syringae / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D009822:Oils, Volatile
keywords: Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae; SEM; essential oils; exopolymeric material; kiwifruit canker; synergism