title: Effects of biceps tension on the torn superior glenoid labrum.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of the tension on the long head of the biceps tendon in the propagation of SLAP tears by studying the mechanical behavior of the torn superior glenoid labrum. A previously validated finite element model was extended to include a glenoid labrum with type II SLAP tears of three different sizes. The strain distribution within the torn labral tissue with loading applied to the biceps tendon was investigated and compared to the inact and unloaded conditions. The anterior and posterior edges of each SLAP tear experienced the highest strain in the labrum. Labral strain increased with increasing biceps tension. This effect was stronger in the labrum when the size of the tear exceeded the width of the biceps anchor on the superior labrum. Thus, this study indicates that biceps tension influences the propagation of a SLAP tear more than it does the initiation of a tear. Additionally, it also suggests that the tear size greater than the biceps anchor site as a criterion in determining optimal treatment of a type II SLAP tear.
authors.affiliation: School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Eunjoo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.|Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.|Department of Industrial and Operations Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.affiliation: School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.|Reveal Technologies Group, Grand Rapids, Michigan.
authors.forename: Mark L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Carpenter
mesh_terms: D001134:Arm Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009129:Muscle Tonus; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013710:Tendons / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: FE; SLAP; biceps; labrum; propagation