title: Lymph node staging in prostate cancer.
abstract: Nodal staging is important in prostate cancer treatment. While surgical lymph node dissection is the classic method of determining whether lymph nodes harbor malignancy, this is a very invasive technique. Current noninvasive approaches to identifying malignant lymph nodes are limited. Conventional imaging methods rely on size and morphology of lymph nodes and have notoriously low sensitivity for detecting malignant nodes. New imaging techniques such as targeted positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and magnetic resonance lymphography (MRL) with iron oxide particles are promising for nodal staging of prostate cancer. In this review, the strengths and limitations of imaging techniques for lymph node staging of prostate cancer are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room B3B85, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sankineni
authors.forename: Anna M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fascelli
authors.forename: Yan Mee
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Law
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Peter L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Choyke
authors.forename: Baris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Turkbey
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary*