title: Association of Hirschsprung's disease with anorectal malformations: the early alarming signs for diagnosis and comorbidity related to this association.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The association of Hirschsprung's disease (HD) and anorectal malformation (ARM) is rare. The aim of this study is to highlight the frequency of this rare association and comorbidity that may be related to this association.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven cases out of four hundred forty six cases (2.5%) with ARM found to have HD association presented to Assiut University Children Hospital. All cases were diagnosed by complete clinical, radiological assessment and histopathological examination before correction. The evaluating parameters for those patients were the early warning signs for diagnosis, any unnecessary procedures done and any associated morbidity related to misdiagnosis of this association.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age at presentation of these eleven cases ranged from 2 days to 10 years. The diagnosis started early during neonatal period only in four cases either by change of bowel caliber or nonfunctioning stoma. In the remaining seven cases the diagnosis was delayed because of unsuspected association. Fecal fistula after closure of stoma and wound dehiscence followed by incisional hernia is evident associated comorbidity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of HD in ARM population seems to be more common than its incidence in the general pediatric population. Caliber change of the bowel during the first operation or nonfunctioning stoma is early alarming sign for diagnoses of such association and should direct the attention for stomal biopsy.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Surgery Unit, Assiut University Childrens Hospital, Assuit, Egypt. Electronic address: almoutazeltayeb@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Almoutaz A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Eltayeb
authors.affiliation: Pathology Department, Assiut University Hospital, Assuit, Egypt. Electronic address: Abeer_refaiy@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Abeer
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Refaiy
mesh_terms: D000071056:Anorectal Malformations / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D006627:Hirschsprung Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn
keywords: Anorectal malformation and early warning signs for diagnosis; Hirschsprung's disease