title: GITRL as a genetic adjuvant enhances enterovirus 71 VP1 DNA vaccine immunogenicity.
abstract: VP1 protein is the immunodominant capsid protein of enterovirus 71 (EV71) which is responsible for large outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease. It has been reported that glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-related protein (GITR) and its ligand (GITRL) are involved in modulating both innate and adaptive immune responses. In this study, a DNA vaccine vector encoding EV71 VP1 gene and mGITRL gene (pIRES/VP1/mGITRL) was constructed. And female Balb/c mice were immunized intramuscularly with the DNA vaccine. Compared with the groups immunized with pIRES, pIRES/VP1, pIRES/mGITRL and PBS, the inoculation of pIRES/VP1/mGITRL induced a higher levels of EV71 VP1-specific antibody and specific antibody-forming cells. However, significantly higher levels of CD4(+)Th1, Th2 and CD8(+)IFN-γ(+)T cells were found in the pIRES/VP1/mGITRL group compared with control groups. Our results demonstrate that a novel DNA vaccine, expressing VP1 and mGITRL, could effectively elicit both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses against EV71 VP1 in mice. Thus, the mGITRL may be used as molecular adjuvant for EV71 DNA vaccine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Xinyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rui
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Chaoming
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Liwei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Huaxi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Shengjun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D000921:Antibody-Producing Cells / Q000276:immunology; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D029821:Enterovirus A, Human; D005260:Female; D007114:Immunization; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors / Q000276:immunology*; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D014765:Viral Vaccines
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; C478966:Tnfsf18 protein, mouse; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D014765:Viral Vaccines