title: Ubiquitination in the antiviral immune response.
abstract: Ubiquitination has long been known to regulate fundamental cellular processes through the induction of proteasomal degradation of target proteins. More recently, 'atypical' non-degradative types of polyubiquitin chains have been appreciated as important regulatory moieties by modulating the activity or subcellular localization of key signaling proteins. Intriguingly, many of these non-degradative types of ubiquitination regulate the innate sensing pathways initiated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), ultimately coordinating an effective antiviral immune response. Here we discuss recent advances in understanding the functional roles of degradative and atypical types of ubiquitination in innate immunity to viral infections, with a specific focus on the signaling pathways triggered by RIG-I-like receptors, Toll-like receptors, and the intracellular viral DNA sensor cGAS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
authors.forename: Meredith E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States. Electronic address: michaela_gack@hms.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Michaela U
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Gack
mesh_terms: D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases / Q000378:metabolism*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D009713:Nucleotidyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D054875:Ubiquitination; D014780:Viruses / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D009713:Nucleotidyltransferases; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases
keywords: Antiviral immunity; E3 ligases; RIG-I-like receptors; STING; TRIM proteins; TRIM25; Toll-like receptors; Type-I interferon; Ubiquitin; cGAS