title: Myeloid sarcoma: an unusual presentation for acute tracheal stenosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Extramedullary involvement of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is rare and has been reported under the terms myeloid sarcoma (MS), granulocytic sarcoma, chloroma, extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia, myeloblastoma and myelosarcoma. The most common extramedullary involvement includes soft tissues and lymph nodes, but it may arise in different sites of the body. There are only very few reports about MS in the pulmonary system, and involvement of the trachea is extremely rare.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is the first report of initial presentation of MS by severe acute tracheal stenosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After failed tracheal dilatation, a tracheostomy was performed where tracheal tissue was submitted for pathology. Histology of the tracheal biopsy and bone marrow revealed AML. The patient was subsequently referred to our oncology service for further management.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Myeloid sarcoma should be part of the differential for acute tracheal stenosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. eitanp@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Eitan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Podgaetz
authors.affiliation: MVZ for Histology, Cytology and Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Molecular Pathology, Trier, Germany.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kriegsmann
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Erhan H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Dincer
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Allan
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D023981:Sarcoma, Myeloid / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014135:Tracheal Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014139:Tracheostomy
keywords:  airway obstruction; AML; chloroma; ganulocytic sarcoma; myeloid sarcoma; tracheal stenosis