title: Treatment effects of combining social skill training and parent training in Taiwanese children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often have problems in social interactions. We investigated the social and behavioral effects of providing both social skill training and parent training to school-aged children with ADHD in Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven consecutive 8-week behavioral-based social skill training (SST) group sessions were held for 48 children with ADHD; parallel 8-week parent group sessions were provided simultaneously. Fifty-five children with ADHD were recruited as a control group. All children took medication as prescribed by their doctors. The effects were assessed using the teacher and parent version of the Chinese version of Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, version IV scale (SNAP-IV), the Chinese version of the Child Behavior Check List (CBCL-C), child and teacher version of the modified Social Skill Rating System (SSRS-C and SSRS-T), at baseline, post-treatment, and 4 months from baseline. The doses of methylphenidate and drug compliance were controlled during the analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mixed-effects model demonstrated the main effect of group sessions on the Oppositional subscale of SNAP-P, the Anxious/Depressed subscale of CBCL-C, the Self Control subscale of SSRS-C, and the Active Participation subscale of SSRS-T, all in favor of the experimental group. However, the improvement on the Oppositional subscale of SNAP-P and the Self Control subscale of SSRS-C were noted only between baseline and post-treatment period and were not sustained at the end of the follow-up period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrated that children with ADHD could benefit from this low intensity psychosocial program, although some improvements were not maintained at follow-up assessment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Taipei, Taiwan; Suicide Prevention Center, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Hsin
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chao-Ying
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsing-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ruu-Fen
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Tzang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuo-Yang
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Suicide Prevention Center, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hui-Ching
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Fang-Ju
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Suicide Prevention Center, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shu-Chin
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Suicide Prevention Center, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: maryliuyip@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shen-Ing
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000628:therapy*; D000067290:Behavior Rating Scale; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011615:Psychotherapy, Group / Q000379:methods*; D012923:Social Class; D066107:Social Skills; D013624:Taiwan; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: attention-deficit disorder with hyperactivity; behavior therapy; child; combined modality therapy; group psychotherapy