title: The Altered Brain Activation of Phonological Working Memory, Dual Tasking, and Distraction Among Participants With Adult ADHD and the Effect of the MAOA Polymorphism.
abstract: The present study aimed to reveal the brain correlates of phonological working memory (WM), dual tasking, and distraction in adult ADHD combined with the effect of polymorphisms of monoamine oxidase A ( MAOA rs1137070 Asp470Asp).
  
  
  
  A total of 29 participants with adult ADHD and 21 controls were recruited. They completed 0-back and 2-back tasks, as wells as 2-back tasks with a dual-task effect or a distracting effect, during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning.
  
  
  
  The brain activation of WM in the bilateral inferior frontal lobe, pars opercularis, was higher among the adult ADHD group. The genotype of MAOA significantly interacted with the ADHD effect in the left inferior frontal lobe, pars opercularis. Adults with ADHD had higher activation in the left lingual area in response to the dual-tasking effect.
  
  
  
  The MAOA polymorphism moderated the altered activation in pars opercularis for WM among adults with ADHD. The higher lingual gyrus activation might indicate that higher attention resources are demanded to sustain the dual-task function of adults with ADHD.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan.|2 Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicince, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.|3 Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicince, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.|5 Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tsyh-Jyi
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Peng-Wei
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 6 Department of Medical Imaging, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wei-Chen
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan.|2 Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicince, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Sheng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicince, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.|7 Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ju-Yu
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Yen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D059907:Functional Neuroimaging; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: D008995:Monoamine Oxidase
keywords: MAOA; adult ADHD; dual task; phonological; working memory