title: Use of real-time ultrasound during central venous catheter placement: Results of an APSA survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to document the attitudes and practice patterns of pediatric surgeons regarding use of RTUS with CVC placement.
  
  
  METHODS
  An analytic survey composed of 20 questions was sent via APSA headquarters to all practicing members. Answers were summarized as frequency and percentage. Distributions of answers were compared using the chi-square tests. P-values ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  361 of 1072 members chose to participate for a response rate of 34%. Most placed CVCs into the subclavian veins (SCV) of patients without coagulopathy, with the left SCV chosen approximately four times more often than the right. Conversely, RTUS use at the internal jugular vein (IJV) was significantly greater than that for the SCV (p<0.001). Coagulopathy, multiple previous catheters, and morbid obesity were identified as patient characteristics that would encourage RTUS use. The most commonly cited potential barriers to RTUS use were lack of formal ultrasound training and the belief that ultrasound is not necessary.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Variability exists among pediatric surgeons regarding use of RTUS during CVC placement. Additional studies are needed to document actual frequency of use, how RTUS is implemented, and its efficacy of preventing adverse events in children.
authors.affiliation: Arkansas Children's Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR. Electronic address: dassingermelvins@uams.edu.
authors.forename: Melvin S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Dassinger
authors.affiliation: Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY.
authors.forename: Elizabeth J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Renaud
authors.affiliation: Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goldin
authors.affiliation: University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN.
authors.forename: Eunice Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.
authors.forename: Robert T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.affiliation: Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
authors.forename: Christian J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Streck
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR.
authors.forename: Xinyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Monroe Carell Jr Children's Hospital, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.
authors.forename: Martin L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Blakely
mesh_terms: D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D062905:Central Venous Catheters; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007601:Jugular Veins; D008297:Male; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013350:Subclavian Vein; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
keywords: Catheter; Real-time; Survey; Ultrasound; Venous