title: Quantification of Lumbar Stability During Wall Plank-and-Roll Activity Using Inertial Sensors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a simple method of quantifying dynamic lumbar stability by evaluating postural changes of the lumbar spine during a wall plank-and-roll (WPR) activity while maintaining maximal trunk rigidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive, exploratory research with a convenience sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  A biomechanics laboratory of a tertiary university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen healthy young subjects (8 men and 8 women; 30.7 ± 6.8 years old) and 3 patients (2 men 46 and 50 years old; 1 woman 54 years old) with low back pain (LBP).
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects performed the WPR activity with 2 inertial sensors attached on the thoracic spine and sacrum. Relative angles between the sensors were calculated to characterize lumbar posture in 3 anatomical planes: axial twist (AT), kyphosis-lordosis (KL), or lateral bending (LB). Isokinetic truncal flexion and extension power were measured.
  
  
  METHODS
  AT, KL, and LB were compared between the initial plank and maximal roll positions. Angular excursions were compared between males and females and between rolling sides, and tested for correlation with isokinetic truncal muscle power. Patterns and consistencies of the lumbar postural changes were determined. Lumbar postural changes of each patient were examined in the aspects of pattern and excursion, considering those from the healthy subjects as reference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AT, KL, and LB were significantly changed from the initial plank to the maximal roll position (P < .01); that is, the thoracic spine rotated further, lumbar lordosis increased, and the thoracic spine was bent away from the wall by 6.9° ± 12.0°, 9.5° ± 6.5°, and 7.9° ± 4.9°, respectively. The patterns and amounts of lumbar postural changes were not significantly different between the rolling sides or between male and female participants, except that the excursion in AT was larger on the dominant rolling side. The excursions were not related to isokinetic truncal muscle power. The 3 LBP patients showed varied deviations in pattern and excursion from the average of the healthy subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Certain amounts and patterns of lumbar postural changes were observed in healthy young subjects, with no significant variations based on gender, rolling side, or truncal muscle power. Application of the evaluation on LBP patients revealed prominent deviations from the healthy postural changes, suggesting potential clinical applicability. Therefore, with appropriate development and case stratification, we believe that the quantification of lumbar postural changes during WPR activity can be used to assess dynamic lumbar stability in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Program of Bioengineering, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, SNU Institute on Aging, Suite 12327, 101 Daehak-Ro, JongNo-Gu, Seoul 110-744, South Korea.
authors.forename: Chiyul
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Program of Bioengineering, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Joonnyong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Keewon
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Chan
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Gun
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D008161:Lumbosacral Region / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*