title: Controlled protein delivery in the generation of microvascular networks.
abstract: Rapid induction and stabilization of new microvascular networks is essential for the proper functioning of engineered tissues. Many efforts to achieve this goal have used proangiogenic proteins-such as vascular endothelial growth factors-to induce the formation of new microvessels. These proteins have demonstrated promise in improving vascularization, but it is also clear that the spatial and temporal presentation of these signals is important for achieving proper vascular function. Delivery systems that present proteins in a localized and sustained manner, can promote the formation and stabilization of microvascular networks by precisely presenting proangiogenic proteins at desired locations, and for specified durations. Further, these systems allow for some control over the sequence of release of multiple proteins, and it has become clear that such coordination is critical for the development of fully functional and mature vascular structures. This review focuses on the actions of proangiogenic proteins and the innovations in controlled release technologies that precisely deliver these to stimulate microvascular network formation and stabilization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511.
authors.forename: Jillian W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Andrejecsk
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520.
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Departments of Immunobiology, Pathology, and Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520.
authors.forename: Jordan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Pober
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511.
authors.forename: W Mark
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Saltzman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D055806:Microvessels / Q000187:drug effects*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D011506:Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D011506:Proteins
keywords: angiogenesis; microvascular network; protein delivery; stabilization; tissue engineering; vascularization