title: Interventional Procedures for Chronic Pain in Children and Adolescents: A Review of the Current Evidence.
abstract: This review discusses the role of interventional procedures in the treatment of chronic pain in children and adolescents. Due to lack of scientific evidence, significant controversy surrounds the utility of invasive techniques for managing pediatric chronic pain states. Interventional procedures are a widely accepted modality for pain management in adults. The use of such techniques in children is supported only by case reports, case series, and very few randomized controlled studies. In addition, the potential for severe complications leaves open a debate on the safety of these invasive procedures, which must be confirmed by more extensive and accurate prospective studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Ravi D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Intensive Care Medicine, University School of Medicine Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cappiello
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Santhanam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suresh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
keywords: evidence-based medicine; interventional pain procedures; nerve block; pediatric pain; review