title: Differential impact of antiepileptic drugs on the effects of contraceptive methods on seizures: Interim findings of the epilepsy birth control registry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present the interim findings of the Epilepsy Birth Control Registry (EBCR) regarding the impact of various contraceptive methods on seizures, stratified by antiepileptic drug (AED) type.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is an observational study that reports interim findings on the first 750 subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There are significantly greater relative risks (RR) for both seizure increase and decrease with hormonal contraception (HC) than with non-hormonal contraception (NHC). The rates of HC experiences associated with seizure increase (21.0%) are greater than with NHC (3.9%) (RR=5.39 [95% CI=3.77-7.73, p<0.0001]). The rates of HC experiences associated with seizure decrease (10.3%) are greater than with NHC (5.6%) (RR=1.85 [95% CI=1.30-2.62, p=0.0006]). While differences can reflect biological effects or reporting bias, the finding of a greater RR for seizure increase with hormonal patch than with combined oral contraceptive, perhaps related to the delivery of substantially higher concentrations of hormones, and a greater RR for seizure decrease with depomedroxyprogesterone, known to reduce seizure frequency when used in dosages which produce amenorrhea, support biological effects. All AED categories showed significantly higher frequencies of reports of seizure increase when combined with HC than with NHC. RR for seizure increase with HC was higher with valproate than with any other AED category. There were no significant differences among AEDs for seizure decrease with HC at this juncture of the study. Overall, NEIAEDs had the most favorable profile with regard to reports of seizure increase and decrease when used with HC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interim EBCR findings suggest that contraception category and interactions between contraception category and AED category are predictive factors for changes in seizure frequency in WWE.
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School, Harvard Neuroendocrine Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02481, USA. Electronic address: aherzog@bidmc.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Andrew G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Herzog
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003267:Contraception / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000145:classification; D003270:Contraceptive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012042:Registries; D012640:Seizures / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D003270:Contraceptive Agents
keywords: Antiepileptic drugs; Contraception; Epilepsy; Hormones; Seizures