title: Cultivable endophytic bacteria from leaf bases of Agave tequilana and their role as plant growth promoters.
abstract: Agave tequilana Weber var. 'Azul' is grown for the production of tequila, inulin and syrup. Diverse bacteria inhabit plant tissues and play a crucial role for plant health and growth. In this study culturable endophytic bacteria were extracted from leaf bases of 100 healthy Agave tequilana plants. In plant tissue bacteria occurred at mean population densities of 3 million CFU/g of fresh plant tissue. Three hundred endophytic strains were isolated and 16s rDNA sequences grouped the bacteria into eight different taxa that shared high homology with other known sequences. Bacterial endophytes were identified as Acinectobacter sp., A. baumanii, A. bereziniae, Cronobacter sakazakii, Enterobacter hormaechei, Bacillus sp. Klebsiella oxytoca, Pseudomonas sp., Enterococcus casseliflavus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides and Gluconobacter oxydans. Isolates were confirmed to be plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) by their capacities for nitrogen fixation, auxin production, phosphate solubilization, or antagonism against Fusarium oxysporum AC132. E. casseliflavus JM47 and K. oxytoca JM26 secreted the highest concentrations of IAA. The endophyte Acinectobacter sp. JM58 exhibited the maximum values for nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilization index (PSI). Inhibition of fungi was found in Pseudomonas sp. JM9p and K. oxytoca JM26. Bacterial endophytes show promise for use as bio-inoculants for agave cultivation. Use of endophytes to enhance cultivation of agave may be particularly important for plants produced by micropropagation techniques, where native endophytes may have been lost.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ingeniería Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Campus MexicaliMexicali México Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Campus Mexicali, Mexicali, México.
authors.forename: Julia del C
authors.initials: Jdel C
authors.lastname: Martínez-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ingeniería Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Campus MexicaliMexicali México Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Campus Mexicali, Mexicali, México.
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De la Mora-Amutio
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Instituto de Ciencias Exactas y Terrestres Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara Jalisco México Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Exactas y Terrestres, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Plascencia-Correa
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Instituto de Ciencias Exactas y Terrestres Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara Jalisco México Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Exactas y Terrestres, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: Esmeralda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Audelo-Regalado
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Instituto de Ciencias Exactas y Terrestres Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara Jalisco México Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Exactas y Terrestres, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: Francisco R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Guardado
authors.affiliation: Colegio de Postgraduados Carretera México-Texcoco Texcoco México Colegio de Postgraduados Carretera México-Texcoco, Texcoco, México.
authors.forename: Elías
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hernández-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: El Colegio de la Frontera Sur A.C. Unidad Campeche LermaCampeche México El Colegio de la Frontera Sur A.C. Unidad Campeche, Lerma, Campeche, México.
authors.forename: Yuri J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Peña-Ramírez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis Instituto de Biotecnología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México CuernavacaMorelos México Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
authors.forename: Adelfo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Escalante
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Instituto de Ciencias Exactas y Terrestres Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara Jalisco México Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Exactas y Terrestres, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: Miguel J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Beltrán-García
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Instituto de Ciencias Exactas y Terrestres Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara Jalisco México Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Exactas y Terrestres, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogura
mesh_terms: D027882:Agave / Q000382:microbiology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D060026:Endophytes / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000382:microbiology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
keywords: Agave tequilana; Fusarium oxysporum; endophytic; pathogen inhibition