title: Chrono-proteomics of human saliva: variations of the salivary proteome during human development.
abstract: An important contribution to the variability of any proteome is given by the time dimension that should be carefully considered to define physiological modifications. To this purpose, whole saliva proteome was investigated in a wide age range. Whole saliva was collected from 17 preterm newborns with a postconceptional age at birth of 178-217 days. In these subjects sample collection was performed serially starting immediately after birth and within about 1 year follow-up, gathering a total of 111 specimens. Furthermore, whole saliva was collected from 182 subjects aged between 0 and 17 years and from 23 adults aged between 27 and 57 years. The naturally occurring intact salivary proteome of the 316 samples was analyzed by low- and high-resolution HPLC-ESI-MS platforms. Proteins peculiar of the adults appeared in saliva with different time courses during human development. Acidic proline-rich proteins encoded by PRH2 locus and glycosylated basic proline-rich proteins encoded by PRB3 locus appeared following 180 days of postconceptional age, followed at 7 months (±2 weeks) by histatin 1, statherin, and P-B peptide. The other histatins and acidic proline-rich proteins encoded by PRH1 locus appeared in whole saliva of babies from 1 to 3 weeks after the normal term of delivery, S-type cystatins appeared at 1 year (±3 months), and basic proline-rich proteins appeared at 4 years (±1 year) of age. All of the proteinases involved in the maturation of salivary proteins were more active in preterm than in at-term newborns, on the basis of the truncated forms detected. The activity of the Fam20C kinase, involved in the phosphorylation of various proteins, started around 180 days of postconceptional age, slowly increased reaching values comparable to adults at about 2 years (±6 months) of age. Instead, MAPK14 involved in the phosphorylation of S100A9 was fully active since birth also in preterm newborns.
authors.affiliation: †Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S. P. Monserrato Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Messana
authors.affiliation: †Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S. P. Monserrato Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy.
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cabras
authors.affiliation: ‡Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica, Largo Francesco Vito 1, Roma 00168, Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Iavarone
authors.affiliation: †Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S. P. Monserrato Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Manconi
authors.affiliation: ‡Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica, Largo Francesco Vito 1, Roma 00168, Italy.
authors.forename: Liling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: ‡Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica, Largo Francesco Vito 1, Roma 00168, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martelli
authors.affiliation: †Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S. P. Monserrato Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olianas
authors.affiliation: †Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S. P. Monserrato Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Sanna
authors.affiliation: §Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S. P. Monserrato Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pisano
authors.affiliation: †Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S. P. Monserrato Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanna
authors.affiliation: †Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S. P. Monserrato Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy.
authors.forename: Morena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arba
authors.affiliation: †Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S. P. Monserrato Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy.
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Alessandro
authors.affiliation: ∥Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Largo Francesco Vito 1, Roma 00168, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Desiderio
authors.affiliation: ∥Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Largo Francesco Vito 1, Roma 00168, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vitali
authors.affiliation: ‡Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica, Largo Francesco Vito 1, Roma 00168, Italy.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pirolli
authors.affiliation: ⊥Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica, Università Cattolica, Roma 00168, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tirone
authors.affiliation: ⊥Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica, Università Cattolica, Roma 00168, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lio
authors.affiliation: ⊥Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica, Università Cattolica, Roma 00168, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vento
authors.affiliation: ⊥Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica, Università Cattolica, Roma 00168, Italy.
authors.forename: Costantino
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Romagnoli
authors.affiliation: #Istituto di Clinica Odontostomatologica, Università Cattolica, Roma 00168, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cordaro
authors.affiliation: #Istituto di Clinica Odontostomatologica, Università Cattolica, Roma 00168, Italy.
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manni
authors.affiliation: #Istituto di Clinica Odontostomatologica, Università Cattolica, Roma 00168, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gallenzi
authors.affiliation: ▽Istituto di Clinica Otorinolaringoiatrica, Università Cattolica, Roma 00168, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fiorita
authors.affiliation: ▽Istituto di Clinica Otorinolaringoiatrica, Università Cattolica, Roma 00168, Italy.
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Scarano
authors.affiliation: ▽Istituto di Clinica Otorinolaringoiatrica, Università Cattolica, Roma 00168, Italy.
authors.forename: Lea
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Calò
authors.affiliation: ▽Istituto di Clinica Otorinolaringoiatrica, Università Cattolica, Roma 00168, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulio Cesare
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Passali
authors.affiliation: ▽Istituto di Clinica Otorinolaringoiatrica, Università Cattolica, Roma 00168, Italy.
authors.forename: Pasqualina Maria
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Picciotti
authors.affiliation: ▽Istituto di Clinica Otorinolaringoiatrica, Università Cattolica, Roma 00168, Italy.
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paludetti
authors.affiliation: §Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S. P. Monserrato Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy.
authors.forename: Vassilios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fanos
authors.affiliation: §Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S. P. Monserrato Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy.
authors.forename: Gavino
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Faa
authors.affiliation: ‡Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica, Largo Francesco Vito 1, Roma 00168, Italy.|∥Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Largo Francesco Vito 1, Roma 00168, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castagnola
mesh_terms: D002909:Chronobiology Phenomena / Q000235:genetics; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008954:Models, Biological; D020543:Proteome / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D020543:Proteome
keywords: S-type cystatins; S100A9 protein; chrono-proteomics; histatin; human; preterm newborns; proline-rich proteins; saliva; statherin