title: Rutin ameliorates cyclophosphamide induced oxidative stress and inflammation in Wistar rats: role of NFκB/MAPK pathway.
abstract: Cyclophosphamide is a potent anticancer agent. However its clinical use is restricted because of its marked organ toxicity associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation. The present study was designed to demonstrate the protective effects of rutin, a naturally occurring bioflavonoid against the hepatotoxicity induced by CP. Rats were subjected to oral pretreatment of rutin (50 and 100 mg/kg b wt) against hepatotoxicity induced by i.p. injection of CP (150 mg/kg b wt) and were sacrificed after 24 h. Hepatoprotective effects of rutin were associated with upregulation of antioxidant enzyme activities and down regulation of serum toxicity markers. Rutin was able to down regulate the levels of inflammatory markers like TNF-α, IL-6 and expressions of p38-MAPK, NFκB, i-NOS and COX-2. Histopathological changes further confirmed the biochemical and immunohistochemical results showing that CP caused significant structural damage to liver which were reversed by pretreatment of rutin. Therefore, our study revealed that rutin may be a promising modulator in attenuating CP induced oxidative stress, inflammation and hepatotoxicity via targeting NFκB and MAPK pathway.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention Division, Dept. of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India.
authors.forename: Sana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nafees
authors.affiliation: Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention Division, Dept. of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India.
authors.forename: Summya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rashid
authors.affiliation: Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention Division, Dept. of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India.
authors.forename: Nemat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention Division, Dept. of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India.
authors.forename: Syed Kazim
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.affiliation: Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention Division, Dept. of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India. Electronic address: sarwat786@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Sarwat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sultana
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000633:toxicity*; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000633:toxicity*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000276:immunology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012431:Rutin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016328:NF-kappa B; D020011:Protective Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D012431:Rutin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide
keywords: Cyclophosphamide; Inflammation; MAPK; NFκB; Oxidative stress; Rutin