title: Dynamic balance assessment during gait in spinal pathologies - a literature review.
abstract: The role of the spine as a gait stabilizer is essential. Dynamic assessment, while walking, might provide complementary data to improve spinal deformity management. The aim of this paper was to review spine dynamic behavior and the various methods that have been used to assess gait dynamic balance in order to explore the consequences of spinal deformities while walking. A review was performed by obtaining publications from five electronic databases. All papers reporting pathological or non-pathological spine dynamic behavior during gait and dynamic balance assessment methods were included. Sixty articles were selected. Results varied widely according to pathologies, study conditions, and balance assessment techniques. Three methods assessing dynamic stability during gait were identified: local-orbital dynamic stability, tri-axial accelerometry, and dynamic stability margin. Data from conventional gait analysis techniques were established essentially for scoliosis and low back pain, but they do not assess specific consequences on gait dynamic balance. Three techniques investigate gait dynamic balance and have been validated in normal subjects. Further investigations need to be performed for validation in spinal pathologies as well as the value for clinical practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level IV.
authors.affiliation: Motion Analysis Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Charlton North Building, 200 First Street SW, 55905 Rochester, MN, USA; Pediatric Orthopedic Department, Robert-Debré Hospital, 48, boulevard Serrurier, 75019 Paris, France.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Orthopedic Department, Robert-Debré Hospital, 48, boulevard Serrurier, 75019 Paris, France.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ilharreborde
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Orthopedic Department, Robert-Debré Hospital, 48, boulevard Serrurier, 75019 Paris, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Souchet
authors.affiliation: Motion Analysis Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Charlton North Building, 200 First Street SW, 55905 Rochester, MN, USA. Electronic address: kaufman.kenton@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Kaufman
mesh_terms: D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Dynamic balance; Gait; Spine