title: Interaction of sugar stabilized silver nanoparticles with the T-antigen specific lectin, jacalin from Artocarpus integrifolia.
abstract: The advances in nanomedicine demonstrate the anticancer properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and considered as an alternative to the available chemotherapeutic agents. Owing to the preferential interaction of Artocarpus integrifolia lectin (jacalin) with Galβ1-3GalNAcα (a chemically well-defined tumor associated antigen), a study was undertaken to understand the interaction mechanism of AgNPs with jacalin in presence of specific sugar, galactose. Fluorescence spectroscopic analysis revealed that the AgNPs binding significantly quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of jacalin through a static quenching mechanism, and a non-radiative energy transfer occurred within the molecules. Association constants obtained from the interaction of different sugar-stabilized AgNPs with jacalin are in the order of 10(4)M(-1), this is in the same range as those obtained for the interaction of lectin with carbohydrate and hydrophobic ligand. Each subunit of the tetrameric jacalin binds one AgNPs, and the stoichiometry was unaffected by the presence of the specific sugar, galactose. Hemagglutination assay shows that sugar stabilized AgNPs interacts to jacalin at a site that is different from the saccharide-binding site. Analysis of the FTIR spectra of jacalin indicates that the binding of AgNPs does not alter the secondary structure of jacalin. More importantly, AgNPs exists in nano form even after interacting with the lectin. These results suggest that the development of lectin-AgNPs conjugate would be possible for diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thirumalaisamudaram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Khan Behlol
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Ayaz Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thirumalaisamudaram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Ansari Sulthan
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thirumalaisamudaram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: anbazhagan@scbt.sastra.edu.
authors.forename: Anbazhagan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Veerappan
mesh_terms: D000957:Antigens, Viral, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D031622:Artocarpus / Q000737:chemistry*; D001665:Binding Sites; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry*; D005690:Galactose; D006386:Hemagglutination Tests; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D037121:Plant Lectins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D000957:Antigens, Viral, Tumor; D002241:Carbohydrates; D037121:Plant Lectins; C043696:jacalin; D012834:Silver; D005690:Galactose
keywords: Association constant; Fluorescence quenching; Hemagglutination; Jacalin; Silver nanoparticles