title: Insulin resistance is associated with all chronic complications in type 1 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insulin resistance (IR) is present in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and is suggested to be related to chronic diabetic complications. The primary aim of our study was to assess IR in T1DM patients with and without chronic complications. A secondary aim was to evaluate the possible association between IR and chronic diabetic complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study enrolled 272 patients with T1DM. Insulin resistance was quantified using the estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR). Associations between eGDR and each diabetes complication were first evaluated using binary logistic regression, then multiparametric logistic regression with stepwise selection of covariates. The discriminative value of eGDR was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Estimated GDR was lower in patients with chronic diabetic complications (6.1 vs. 6.9 mg/kg per min [P = 0.02] for retinopathy; 6.3 vs. 7.3 mg/kg per min [P < 0.01] for nephropathy; 6.5 vs. 7.6 mg/kg per min [P < 0.01] for neuropathy; and 5.2 vs. 7.5 mg/kg per min [P < 0.01] for cardiovascular complications). In univariate analysis eGDR was associated all diabetic complications. These associations remained significant after adjustment for different variables in the final regression models. In addition, eGDR was a good discriminator for each diabetic complication, with an area under the curve between 0.609 and 0.759.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with chronic diabetic complications are more insulin resistant than those without complications. Moreover, IR was independently associated with the presence of each chronic diabetic complication, and seems to be a good discriminator for them all.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Professor Dr C. C. Iliescu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: Andrei
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pop
authors.affiliation: Filantropia City Hospital, Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Department, Craiova, Romania.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Clenciu
authors.affiliation: 1st Diabetes Clinic, N. C. Paulescu National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anghel
authors.affiliation: 1st Diabetes Clinic, N. C. Paulescu National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Radu
authors.affiliation: 3rd Clinical Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: Bogdan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Socea
authors.affiliation: 3rd Department-Medical Specialties I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania.
authors.forename: Eugen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mota
authors.affiliation: 3rd Department-Medical Specialties I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mota
authors.affiliation: 2nd Clinical Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: Nicolae M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Panduru
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012372:ROC Curve; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin
keywords: 1型糖尿病; cardiovascular disease; diabetic complications; insulin resistance; type 1 diabetes mellitus; 心血管疾病; 糖尿病并发症; 胰岛素抵抗