title: Pregnancy-associated breast cancer: clinicopathological characteristics of 20 cases with a focus on identifiable causes of diagnostic delay.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC), with a special focus on diagnostic delays and the identifiable causes of diagnostic delays.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinicopathological data of patients treated for PABC between 2003 and 2012 at Hacettepe University Hospital was retrospectively reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  20 patients with PABC were included. The pathological examination revealed predominance of invasive ductal carcinoma (80%), grade III tumors (65%) and advanced-stage (III-IV) disease (75%). In 8 patients (40%), there was a diagnostic delay between occurrence of the presenting symptoms and the initiation of breast mass workup. For these 8 patients, the main identifiable causes of diagnostic delay were the attribution of disease-related symptoms to pregnancy or lactation in 5 (63%) and negligence of symptoms in 2 (25%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PABC mostly presents with advanced-stage disease, and there can be a substantial diagnostic delay before these patients receive treatment. Preconceptional, gestational and postpartum examination of women of reproductive age should include a thorough breast examination and should provide adequate information regarding the physiological changes in breast tissue and the possible pathological symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Derman
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Basaran
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mert
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Turgal
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kemal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Beksac
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozgur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ozyuncu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Aran
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: M Sinan
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Beksac
keywords: Breast; Breast cancer; Diagnosis; Pregnancy