title: Translational potential of olfactory mucosa for the study of neuropsychiatric illness.
abstract: The olfactory mucosa (OM) is a unique source of regenerative neural tissue that is readily obtainable from living human subjects and thus affords opportunities for the study of psychiatric illnesses. OM tissues can be used, either as ex vivo OM tissue or in vitro OM-derived neural cells, to explore parameters that have been difficult to assess in the brain of living individuals with psychiatric illness. As OM tissues are distinct from brain tissues, an understanding of the neurobiology of the OM is needed to relate findings in these tissues to those of the brain as well as to design and interpret ex vivo or in vitro OM studies. To that end, we discuss the molecular, cellular and functional characteristics of cell types within the olfactory mucosa, describe the organization of the OM and highlight its role in the olfactory neurocircuitry. In addition, we discuss various approaches to in vitro culture of OM-derived cells and their characterization, focusing on the extent to which they reflect the in vivo neurobiology of the OM. Finally, we review studies of ex vivo OM tissues and in vitro OM-derived cells from individuals with psychiatric, neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. In particular, we discuss the concordance of this work with postmortem brain studies and highlight possible future approaches, which may offer distinct strengths in comparison to in vitro paradigms based on genomic reprogramming.
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA [2] Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Borgmann-Winter
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Willard
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sinclair
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolarnyngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mirza
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Turetsky
authors.affiliation: 1] Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA [2] Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berretta
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: C-G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Hahn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques / Q000379:methods; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000473:pathology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology; D009831:Olfactory Mucosa; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical / Q000379:methods*