title: Biomimetic poly(glycerol sebacate)/poly(l-lactic acid) blend scaffolds for adipose tissue engineering.
abstract: Large three-dimensional poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS)/poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) scaffolds with similar bulk mechanical properties to native low and high stress adapted adipose tissue were fabricated via a freeze-drying and a subsequent curing process. PGS/PLLA scaffolds containing 73vol.% PGS were prepared using two different organic solvents, resulting in highly interconnected open-pore structures with porosities and pore sizes in the range of 91-92% and 109-141μm, respectively. Scanning electron microscopic analysis indicated that the scaffolds featured different microstructure characteristics, depending on the organic solvent in use. The PGS/PLLA scaffolds had a tensile Young's modulus of 0.030MPa, tensile strength of 0.007MPa, elongation at the maximum stress of 25% and full shape recovery capability upon release of the compressive load. In vitro degradation tests presented mass losses of 11-16% and 54-55% without and with the presence of lipase enzyme in 31days, respectively. In vitro cell tests exhibited clear evidence that the PGS/PLLA scaffolds prepared with 1,4-dioxane as the solvent are suitable for culture of adipose derived stem cells. Compared to pristine PLLA scaffolds prepared with the same procedure, these scaffolds provided favourable porous microstructures, good hydrophilic characteristics, and appropriate mechanical properties for soft tissue applications, as well as enhanced scaffold cell penetration and tissue in-growth characteristics. This work demonstrates that the PGS/PLLA scaffolds have potential for applications in adipose tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frydrych
authors.affiliation: Kroto Research Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sabiniano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Román
authors.affiliation: Kroto Research Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: MacNeil
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom. Electronic address: biqiong.chen@sheffield.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Biqiong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003651:Decanoates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005612:Freeze Drying; D005990:Glycerol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016062:Porosity; D012996:Solutions; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013718:Tensile Strength / Q000187:drug effects; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D017155:Wettability
chemical_list: D003651:Decanoates; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; D012996:Solutions; C469892:poly(glycerol-sebacate); D019344:Lactic Acid; C033616:poly(lactide); D005990:Glycerol
keywords: Adipose tissue engineering; Elastomer; Poly(glycerol sebacate); Scaffold