title: Education on prescribing for older patients in the Netherlands: a curriculum mapping.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pharmacology and pharmacotherapy education is being increasingly integrated in medical curricula, which might lead to a specific loss of knowledge in these subjects. This, in turn, could lead to harmful prescribing errors, especially in vulnerable older patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Teachers who coordinated education in Dutch medical schools completed a structured interview on (geriatric) pharmacology and pharmacotherapy education. A list of core learning goals was developed. Pharmacology and pharmacotherapy education in general was compared to geriatric pharmacology and pharmacotherapy education.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All Dutch medical schools participated. Contact hours for education in pharmacology and pharmacotherapy ranged from 39 to 107 h; ECTSs (representing 28 study hours) ranged from 0 to 3. The various curricula covered, on average, 79% of all learning goals for these subjects: knowledge 85%, skills 76%, and attitudes 66%; the curricula also covered specific geriatric goals: knowledge 87% and skills 65%. All geriatric learning goals were met if a geriatrician was among the coordinators. Half (4 of 8) of the medical schools lacked appropriate assessment procedures. Evaluation was mostly based on students' opinions. Teachers rated students as being moderately well prepared for daily practice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are large differences in the quantity and quality of (geriatric) pharmacology and pharmacotherapy education in Dutch medical schools. In general, more time should be devoted to skills and attitude, and the assessment procedures should be optimized with high priority. Other curricula with a problem-based approach might benefit from the points of improvement described in this article.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Medicine, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, PO Box 90153, 5200 ME, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands, k.keijsers@jbz.nl.
authors.forename: Carolina J P W
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Keijsers
authors.forename: Johanna E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: de Wit
authors.forename: Jelle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tichelaar
authors.forename: Jacobus R B J
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Brouwers
authors.forename: Dick J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: de Wildt
authors.forename: P G M
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: Paul A F
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Jansen
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005853:Geriatrics / Q000193:education*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D009426:Netherlands; D010600:Pharmacology / Q000193:education*; D018794:Problem-Based Learning / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires