title: The development of a green approach for the biosynthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles by using Panax ginseng root extract, and their biological applications.
abstract: The biosynthesis of nanoparticles has received attention because of the development of economic and environmentally friendly technology for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The study develops a convenient method for the green synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles by utilizing fresh root extract of the four-year old Panax ginseng plant, and evaluated the antimicrobial applications of silver nanoparticles against pathogenic microorganisms. P. ginseng is a well-known herbal medicinal plant, and its active ingredients are mainly ginsenosides. The fresh root of the 4 year old P. ginseng plant has been explored for the synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles without the use of any additional reducing and capping agents. The reduction of silver nitrate led to the formation of silver nanoparticles within 2 h of reaction at 80°C. The gold nanoparticles were also successfully synthesized by the reduction of auric acid at 80°C, within 5 min of reaction. The biosynthesized gold and silver nanoparticles were characterized by techniques using various instruments, viz. ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis spectroscopy), field emission transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), elemental mapping, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In addition, the silver nanoparticles have shown antimicrobial potential against Bacillus anthracis, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus cereus.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology , College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University , Yongin 446-701 , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Priyanka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology , College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University , Yongin 446-701 , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yeon Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology , College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University , Yongin 446-701 , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: b Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University , Yongin , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ramya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mathiyalagan
authors.affiliation: a Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology , College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University , Yongin 446-701 , Republic of Korea.|b Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University , Yongin , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Deok Chun
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry*; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D012834:Silver; D006046:Gold
keywords: Panax ginseng; antimicrobial activity; gold nanoparticles; root extract; silver nanoparticles