title: [Analysis of blood cell autophagy distribution in hematologic diseases by transmission electron microscope].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the distribution characteristics of blood cells autophagy in hematologic diseases, as well as their possible pathomechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of electron microscopy specimens of 3 277 patients with hematological diseases were performed. The blood cells autophagy was observed by transmission electron microscopy, and its distribution characteristics were analyzed. The pathomechanism of blood cell autophagy was explored in combination with clinical examination and diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 15 samples were found to have mature granulocytes or nucleated erythrocytes autophagy. Of them, 6 cases were myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), 2 acute leukemia, 1 in each of aplastic anemia, pure red cell aplastic anemia, thalassemia, iron deficiency anemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma and polycythemia vera. Among 15 cases, 11 cases were found to have mature granulocytes autophagy, 4 cases nucleated erythrocytes autophagy. Besides autophagy, apoptosis occurred in 9 cases, cytolysis in 6 cases, megaloblastic change in 5 cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mature granulocytes or nucleated erythrocytes autophagy occurred more frequently in MDS among hematologic diseases, dyshaematopoiesis including apoptosis, cytolysis and megaloblastic change could induce autophagy function enhancement.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS & PUMC, Tianjin 300020,China.
authors.forename: Shuxu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS & PUMC, Tianjin 300020,China.
authors.forename: Shixuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS & PUMC, Tianjin 300020,China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS & PUMC, Tianjin 300020,China.
authors.forename: Tianxiang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS & PUMC, Tianjin 300020,China.
authors.forename: Yongxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ru
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D001343:Autophagy; D004900:Erythroblasts; D006098:Granulocytes; D006402:Hematologic Diseases; D006801:Humans; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D012189:Retrospective Studies