title: Effects of Legume-Enriched Diet on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among Individuals at Risk for Diabetes: A Crossover Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  First-degree relatives of patients with diabetes are at high risk for chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and obesity. Our purpose was to determine the effects of consuming 4 servings of legumes per week on lipid profiles, glycemic indices, and blood pressure of participants with family history of diabetes over 6 weeks of intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 26 first-degree relatives of patients with diabetes (14 women and 12 men) participated in this randomized crossover clinical trial study. Participants were randomly assigned to a legume-enriched diet or habitual diet for 6 weeks. Paired t test and repeated measures analysis of variance were used to compare data for the 2 experimental diets.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean ± SE of legumes intake during the legume phase was 111.12 ± 10.53 g/day that was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than the amounts of legumes during habitual diet (50.73 ± 7.10 g/d). Percentage changes for cardiovascular disease risk factors did not change significantly following 6 weeks of legume consumption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consumption of 4 servings of legumes per week had no significant effect on anthropometric measurements, glycemic indices, and lipid profiles of participants with family history of diabetes, though it could reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure at a marginally significant level.
authors.affiliation: a Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , IRAN.|b Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , IRAN.
authors.forename: Sahar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saraf-Bank
authors.affiliation: a Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , IRAN.|b Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , IRAN.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esmaillzadeh
authors.affiliation: c Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , IRAN.
authors.forename: Elham
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Faghihimani
authors.affiliation: a Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , IRAN.|b Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , IRAN.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Azadbakht
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004032:Diet; D007887:Fabaceae; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012639:Seeds
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids
keywords: cardiovascular disease; first degree relatives of patients with diabetes; pulses