title: Air stable organic salt as an n-type dopant for efficient and stable organic light-emitting diodes.
abstract: Air-stable and low-temperature-evaporable n-type dopants are highly desired for efficient and stable organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this work, 2-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-benzoimidazol-3-ium iodide (o-MeO-DMBI-I), a thermally decomposable precursor of organic radical o-MeO-DMBI, has been employed as a novel n-type dopant in OLEDs, because of its air stability, low decomposition temperature, and lack of atom diffusion. The n-type electrical doping is evidenced by the rapid increase in current density of electron-only devices and the large improvement in conductivity, originated from increased electron concentration in electron-transport layer (ETL) and reduced electron injection barrier. A highly efficient and stable OLED is created using o-MeO-DMBI as an n-type dopant in Bphen. Compared with the control device with its high-temperature-evaporable n-type dopant cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3), o-MeO-DMBI-doped device showed an incredible boom in current efficiency from 28.6 to 42.2 cd/A. Moreover, the lifetime (T(70%)) of o-MeO-DMBI-doped device is 45 h, more than 20 times longer than that of the Cs2CO3-doped device (2 h). The enhanced efficiency and stability are attributed to the improved balance of holes and electrons in the emissive layer, and the eliminated atom diffusion of cesium.
authors.forename: Zhengyang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bin
authors.forename: Lian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qiu
keywords: high efficiency; n-type dopant; organic light-emitting diodes; organic radical; organic salt