title: Can Bladder Wall Thickness Predict Videourodynamic Findings in Children with Spina Bifida?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated whether bladder wall thickness measured at specifically defined bladder volumes could predict videourodynamic findings in children with spina bifida.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively investigated patients with spina bifida on intermittent catheterization who underwent ultrasound examination simultaneously with videourodynamics. We evaluated the association between bladder wall thickness measured at maximum cystometric capacity and parameters including age, maximum detrusor pressure during filling or at leak and bladder compliance. Differences in bladder wall thickness measured at each percent maximum cystometric capacity were compared between patients with and without unfavorable videourodynamic findings. Maximum detrusor pressure 40 cm H2O or greater during filling or at leak, bladder compliance less than 10 ml/cm H2O, detrusor overactivity, bladder trabeculation and vesicoureteral reflux were defined as unfavorable videourodynamic findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 23 males and 30 females with spina bifida (median age 7.8 years) underwent measurement of bladder wall thickness at maximum cystometric capacity. Mean ± SD bladder wall thickness measured at maximum cystometric capacity was 1.7 ± 0.5 mm. Only age had a weak correlation with bladder wall thickness measured at maximum cystometric capacity (p <0.05). In 31 patients bladder wall thickness was measured at each percent maximum cystometric capacity. Regarding unfavorable videourodynamic findings, there were no significant differences in bladder wall thickness measured at each percent maximum cystometric capacity, except for bladder trabeculation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even if bladder wall thickness is measured at specifically defined bladder volumes, it cannot predict videourodynamic findings other than bladder trabeculation in children with spina bifida.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Woo Jin
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shiroyanagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan. Electronic address: yuichiroy@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016135:Spinal Dysraphism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014563:Urodynamics; D014741:Video Recording; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: child; spinal dysraphism; ultrasonography; urinary bladder; urodynamics