title: A case of vogt-koyanagi-harada syndrome with persistent dyspnea secondary to laryngeal edema.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report a case of laryngeal edema associated with the Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 32-year-old African-American female presented with a 12-day prodrome, including headache, tinnitus and shortness of breath, which preceded sudden photophobia and bilateral visual loss. Examination and clinical testing were most consistent with VKH, and the patient improved with intravenous methylprednisolone therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient had persistent dyspnea, which was out of proportion to chest CT findings and which was exacerbated during a recurrence of VKH. Flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy with stroboscopy revealed diffuse laryngeal edema. Symptoms were alleviated with breathing exercises.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several autoimmune diseases may cause diffuse laryngeal edema. In this case, VKH was associated with the patient's glottic edema and dyspnea. We recommend that laryngeal edema be considered in the differential diagnosis for patients with dyspnea and VKH.
authors.affiliation: Havener Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Dimosthenis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mantopoulos
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Brad W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: deSilva
authors.affiliation: Havener Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Colleen M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Cebulla
keywords: Autoimmune disease; Glottic edema; Laryngeal edema; Laryngoscopy; Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome