title: Complementary effects of torrefaction and co-pelletization: Energy consumption and characteristics of pellets.
abstract: In this study, complementary of torrefaction and co-pelletization for biomass pellets production was investigated. Two kinds of biomass materials were torrefied and mixed with oil cake for co-pelletization. The energy consumption during pelletization and pellet characteristics including moisture absorption, pellet density, pellet strength and combustion characteristic, were evaluated. It was shown that torrefaction improved the characteristics of pellets with high heating values, low moisture absorption and well combustion characteristic. Furthermore, co-pelletization between torrefied biomass and cater bean cake can reduce several negative effects of torrefaction such as high energy consumption, low pellet density and strength. The optimal conditions for energy consumption and pellet strength were torrefied at 270°C and a blending with 15% castor bean cake for both biomass materials. The present study indicated that compelmentary performances of the torrefaction and co-pelletization with castor bean cake provide a promising alternative for fuel production from biomass and oil cake.
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China; Institute of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, PR China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China. Electronic address: yxz@hnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xingzhong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, PR China; Institute of Bio-energy, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, PR China. Electronic address: lihuiluoyang@163.com.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, PR China; Institute of Bio-energy, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, PR China.
authors.forename: Changzhu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhihua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
authors.forename: Longbo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
authors.forename: Binbin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bio-energy, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhihong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: School of Business, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
authors.forename: Hou
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
authors.forename: Guangming
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zeng
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry; D004867:Equipment Design; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D010316:Particle Size; D011312:Pressure; D013696:Temperature; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D014934:Wood
chemical_list: D002482:Cellulose
keywords: Co-pelletization; Combustion; Energy consumption; Oil cake; Torrefaction