title: O/W nano-emulsion formation using an isothermal low-energy emulsification method in a mixture of polyglycerol polyricinoleate and hexaglycerol monolaurate with glycerol system.
abstract: We investigated how phase behavior changes by replacing water with glycerol in water/mixture of polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) and hexaglycerol monolaurate (HGML) /vegetable oil system, and studied the effect of glycerol on o/w nano-emulsion formation using an isothermal low-energy method. In the phase behavior study, the liquid crystalline phase (Lc) + the sponge phase (L3) expanded toward lower surfactant concentration when water was replaced with glycerol in a system containing surfactant HLP (a mixture of PGPR and HGML). O/W nano-emulsions were formed by emulsification of samples in a region of Lc + L3. In the glycerol/surfactant HLP/vegetable oil system, replacing water with glycerol was responsible for the expansion of a region containing Lc + L3 toward lower surfactant concentration, and as a result, in the glycerol/surfactant HLP/vegetable oil system, the region where o/w nano-emulsions or o/w emulsions could be prepared using an isothermal low-energy emulsification method was wide, and the droplet diameter of the prepared o/w emulsions was also smaller than that in the water/surfactant HLP/vegetable oil system. Therefore, glycerol was confirmed to facilitate the preparation of nano-emulsions from a system of surfactant HLP. Moreover, in this study, we could prepare o/w nano-emulsions with a simple one-step addition of water at room temperature without using a stirrer. Thus, the present technique is highly valuable for applications in several industries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University (2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; Research and Development Division, Glico Nutrition Co., Ltd. (4-6-5- Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan)
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wakisaka
authors.forename: Takahisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Shoichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gohtani
mesh_terms: D045703:Emulsifying Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D004655:Emulsions; D005990:Glycerol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry*; D007848:Laurates / Q000737:chemistry*; D050866:Liquid Crystals / Q000737:chemistry; D050178:Monoglycerides / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D044367:Phase Transition; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D012277:Ricinoleic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D045703:Emulsifying Agents; D004655:Emulsions; D007848:Laurates; D050178:Monoglycerides; D010938:Plant Oils; D012277:Ricinoleic Acids; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C029243:glyceran polyricinoleic acid ester; D014867:Water; C020777:monolaurin; D005990:Glycerol