title: Cranial Accelerometry Can Detect Cerebral Vasospasm Caused by Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We previously reported the presence of a cranial "bruit" in patients with cerebral vasospasm by signal processing cranial accelerometry signals time locked to the cardiac cycle. This shift to higher frequencies is likely related to the turbulence of blood flow produced by vascular narrowing. We sought to build a more quantitative model to predict cerebral vasospasm then test the accuracy of this technique to detect cerebral vasospasm in a prospective blinded study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Skull accelerometry was performed using an array of 6 highly sensitive accelerometers placed in contact with the scalp. Paired transcranial Doppler (TCD) recordings and accelerometry epochs were obtained in consecutive patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage undergoing TCD recordings for surveillance of cerebral vasospasm. The energy of rectified acceleration measurements within systolic and diastolic bands of the cardiac cycle were measured and correlated with TCD-defined spasm. This model was then tested prospectively in a blinded consecutive sample of subarachnoid hemorrhage patients to determine accuracy of the technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We developed a model predicting cerebral vasospasm from analysis of 14 unblinded subjects with varying degrees of cerebral vasospasm as detected by TCD. We then recorded from 58 subjects obtaining 125-paired recordings of accelerometry and TCD to test this model in a blinded analysis. Accelerometry detection of any spasm versus non-spasm correlated with TCD-defined vasospasm (P < 0.001). The model was 81 % sensitive for detecting any cerebral vasospasm in patients, while the negative predictive value was 61 %.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Highly sensitive skull accelerometry can detect cerebral vasospasm with clinically meaningful accuracy. This tool holds promise in the ICU environment to detect as well as reject cerebral vasospasm as the cause of neurological deficits in subarachnoid hemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA. smithw@neurology.ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Wade S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: Janet L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Browne
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: Nerissa U
authors.initials: NU
authors.lastname: Ko
mesh_terms: D061725:Accelerometry / Q000379:methods*; D000465:Algorithms; D006801:Humans; D008959:Models, Neurological; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial / Q000379:methods*; D020301:Vasospasm, Intracranial / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
keywords: Brain motion; Brain pulse; Turbulence; Vascular oscillation; Windkessel effect