title: Curcumin attenuates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by high glucose and insulin via the PPARγ/Akt/NO signaling pathway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the potential effect of curcumin on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and a possible mechanism involving the PPARγ/Akt/NO signaling pathway in diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by high glucose (25.5mmol/L) and insulin (0.1μmol/L) (HGI) and the antihypertrophic effect of curcumin were evaluated in primary culture by measuring the cell surface area, protein content and atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) mRNA expression. The mRNA and protein expressions were assayed by reverse transcription PCR and Western blotting, whereas the NO concentration and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) activity were determined using nitrate reduction and ELISA methods, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by HGI was characterized by increasing ANF mRNA expression, total protein content, and cell surface area, with downregulated mRNA and protein expressions of both PPARγ and Akt, which paralleled the declining eNOS mRNA expression, eNOS content, and NO concentration. The effects of HGI were inhibited by curcumin (1, 3, 10μmol/L) in a concentration-dependent manner. GW9662 (10μmol/L), a selective PPARγ antagonist, could abolish the effects of curcumin. LY294002 (20μmol/L), an Akt blocker, and N(G)-nitro-l-arginine-methyl ester (100μmol/L), a NOS inhibitor, could also diminish the effects of curcumin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggested that curcumin supplementation can improve HGI-induced cardiomyocytes hypertrophy in vitro through the activation of PPARγ/Akt/NO signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
authors.forename: Rongchun
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
authors.forename: Weimin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
authors.forename: Lai
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical College, Guizhou 563003, PR China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
authors.forename: Hongmei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China. Electronic address: cqjiangqs@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Qingsong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000813:Anilides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007328:Insulin / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C457499:2-chloro-5-nitrobenzanilide; D000813:Anilides; D002867:Chromones; D007328:Insulin; D009025:Morpholines; D047495:PPAR gamma; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D003474:Curcumin; D005947:Glucose; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester
keywords: Akt; Cardiomyocytes hypertrophy; Curcumin; Diabetes; NO; PPARγ