title: Efficacy of pastes containing CPP-ACP and CPP-ACFP in patients with Sjögren's syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate efficacy of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate (CPP-ACFP) containing pastes among individuals with Sjögren's syndrome (SS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients were randomised into three groups: CPP-ACP, CPP-ACFP, and 0.05 % NaF to be used two times a day during a 28-day experimental period. Saliva was analysed for flow rate, pH, buffering capacity and mineral concentrations. Dental plaque was examined for pH. Following the formation of artificial carious lesion, participants wore enamel slabs for an in situ remineralisation study. Remineralisation potential was examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopic (EDS) technique. SE microphotographs were subsequently analysed for area, diameter, perimeter, roundness and the number of enamel defects and percentage of tooth surface affected by defects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the end of the experimental period, a slight increase of salivary pH could have been observed. No differences in mineral composition of saliva were noted. The use of CPP-ACP and CPP-ACFP contributed to a significant rise of plaque pH. Image analysis revealed excessive reduction of defects' dimensions in the three experimental groups, and a decrease of the number of enamel defects in the CPP-ACP and CPP-ACFP groups. The EDS analysis did not show differences in Ca/P, Ca/O and P/O ratios in any of the treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CPP-ACP and CPP-ACFP hold promise as remineralising agents for patients with SS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pastes containing CPP-ACP/CPP-ACFP show enhanced remineralisation potential compared with NaF mouthrinse in patients with SS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 11, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia. tamara.peric@stomf.bg.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Peric
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 11, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Dejan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Markovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Dentistry Clinic of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 12, Novi Sad, Serbia.
authors.forename: Bojan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Petrovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Radojevic
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Todorovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Biljana Andjelski
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Radicevic
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Radmila Jancic
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Heinemann
authors.affiliation: Institute for Rheumatology, Resavska 69, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Gordana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Susic
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, Belgrade, Serbia.|Clinic of Allergology and Immunology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovića 2, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Aleksandra Peric
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Popadic
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, Belgrade, Serbia.|Clinic of Allergology and Immunology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovića 2, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Vesna Tomic
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Spiric
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D002124:Calcium Fluoride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002364:Caseins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003804:Dentin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D012472:Salivation / Q000187:drug effects; D055771:Serbia; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013499:Surface Properties; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002124:Calcium Fluoride; C447032:casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplex; D002364:Caseins; D012969:Sodium Fluoride
keywords: Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate; Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate; Dental plaque; Enamel remineralisation; Saliva; Sjögren’s syndrome