title: To study the effect of Kangaroo Mother Care on pain response in preterm neonates and to determine the behavioral and physiological responses to painful stimuli in preterm neonates: a study from western Rajasthan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) on pain response in preterm neonates and to determine the behavioral and physiological responses to painful stimuli in preterm neonates.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a single-blind cross over study in which total 140 neonates were enrolled. Pain stimulus was given in the form of heel-lance before and after giving KMC and data were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The effect of KMC on heart rate variability was statistically significant in preterm (30-34 wks) and very low birth weight (1.0-1.5 kg) neonates. The mean fall in SpO2 from base line was less in KMC group as compared to without KMC group at 60 s (1.63% versus 2.22%) and 120 s (0.45% versus 2.22%). The mean duration of cry was less in the KMC group (15.05 s) as compared to without KMC group (24.82 s) and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The mean duration of cry was reduced by 36% in KMC group as compared to the without KMC group. The effect of KMC on pain scores (premature infant pain profile (PIPP)) were significantly lower after heel-lance in KMC at 60 s (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  KMC is a most physiological, non-pharmacological and easy intervention that involves parents: to manage procedural pain that can be implemented for physiological or behavioral stability in their premature infants.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical and Paediatric Oncology , GCRI , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India .
authors.forename: Mukesh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Choudhary
authors.affiliation: b CHC Samdari , Barmer , Rajasthan , India .
authors.forename: Hemaram
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dogiyal
authors.affiliation: c Department of Neonatology , Fernandez Hospital , Hyderabad , Andhra Pradesh , India .
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: d Department of Pediatrics , Umaid Hospital, S.N. Medical College , Jodhpur , Rajasthan , India .
authors.forename: Brahma
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Datt Gupta
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical and Paediatric Oncology , GCRI , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India .
authors.forename: Irappa
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Madabhavi
authors.affiliation: e Bhagvan Mahaveer Hospital , Pitampura , New Delhi , India , and.
authors.forename: Jagveer Singh
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Choudhary
authors.affiliation: f Baba Sahib Ambedkar Hospital , New Delhi , India.
authors.forename: Sushil Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Choudhary
mesh_terms: D003448:Crying / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D018730:Infant Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000523:psychology; D060127:Kangaroo-Mother Care Method / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Heart rate; Kangaroo Mother Care; pain; premature infants; premature infant’s pain profile