title: Study of surface damage on cell envelope assessed by AFM and flow cytometry of Lactobacillus plantarum exposed to ethanol and dehydration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this work, we evaluated freeze-drying damage at the surface level of oenological strain Lactobacillus plantarum UNQLp155, as well as its ability to grow in a synthetic wine with and without pre-acclimation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Damage on cell surface was studied by flow cytometry, zeta potential and atomic force microscopy, and cell survival was analysed by plate count. Results showed that beside cells acclimated at lower ethanol concentration (6% v/v) became more susceptible to drying than nonacclimated ones, after rehydration they maintain their increased ability to grow in a synthetic wine. Acclimation at a higher ethanol concentration (10% v/v) produces several damages on the cell surface losing its ability to grow in a synthetic wine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this work, we showed for the first time that sublethal alterations on bacterial surface induced by a pre-acclimation with a low ethanol concentration (6%), upon a freeze-drying process, result in a better bacterial adaptation to the stress conditions of wine-like medium, as well as to the preservation process.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Understanding the adaptation to ethanol of oenological strains and their effects on the preservation process has a strong impact on winemaking process and allows to define the most appropriate conditions to obtain malolactic starters cultures.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada (IMBA), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina.
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Bravo-Ferrada
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada (IMBA), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Semorile
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada (IMBA), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina.|CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Tymczyszyn
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada (IMBA), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina.|Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.|Laboratory of Biointerfaces and Biomimetic Systems, CITSE-University of Santiago del Estero-CONICET, Santiago del Estero, Argentina.|CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hollmann
mesh_terms: D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects; D003890:Desiccation; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D048191:Lactiplantibacillus plantarum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Lactobacillus plantarum; atomic force microscopy; freeze-drying; wine; zeta potential