title: Impact of comorbidities and use of common medications on cancer and non-cancer specific survival in esophageal carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic comorbidities and some of the commonly-used medications are thought to affect cancer patients' outcomes, but their relative impact on esophageal carcinoma (EC) has not been well studied. The purpose of the study was to identify the chronic comorbidities and/or commonly-used medications that impact EC patient survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1174 EC patients treated with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with or without surgery in one institution from 1998 to 2012 were retrospectively included. Seven kinds of frequently occurring chronic comorbidities and 18 types of regularly-taken medications were obtained from medical records. Since it is expected prognostic factors have different effects between surgery patients and non-surgery patients, the impact value of all variables and the corresponding interactions with surgery on survival were evaluated in Cox proportional hazards regression model. Overall mortality, EC-specific mortality and non EC-specific mortality were endpoints.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that atrial fibrillation was the only comorbidity that showed a significant impact on non-EC specific survival for all patients (HR 1.72, P = 0.03), whereas hypothyroidism was the only comorbidity that was evaluated as an independent predictive factor for overall survival (OS) (HR 0.59, P = 0.02) and EC-specific survival (HR 0.62, P = 0.05), but this association was seen only in the non-surgical patients. No other medications were found to have a significant impact for OS, EC-specific survival or non-EC specific survival in multivariable analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that certain comorbidities rather than medication use affect EC-specific survival or non EC-specific survival in EC patients treated with CRT with or without surgery. Comorbidity information may better guide individual treatment in EC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sun University, Guangzhou, China, helir@sysucc.org.cn.
authors.forename: Li-Ru
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.forename: Zhong-Xing
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Ritsuko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Komaki
authors.forename: Linus
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Wayne L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Hofstetter
authors.forename: Steven H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D059248:Chemoradiotherapy; D015897:Comorbidity; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D016629:Esophagectomy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D008687:Metformin; D013974:Thyroxine