title: Validation of a Model for Teaching Canine Fundoscopy.
abstract: A validated teaching model for canine fundoscopic examination was developed to improve Day One fundoscopy skills while at the same time reducing use of teaching dogs. This novel eye model was created from a hollow plastic ball with a cutout for the pupil, a suspended 20-diopter lens, and paint and paper simulation of relevant eye structures. This eye model was mounted on a wooden stand with canine head landmarks useful in performing fundoscopy. Veterinary educators performed fundoscopy using this model and completed a survey to establish face and content validity. Subsequently, veterinary students were randomly assigned to pre-laboratory training with or without the use of this teaching model. After completion of an ophthalmology laboratory on teaching dogs, student outcome was assessed by measuring students' ability to see a symbol inserted on the simulated retina in the model. Students also completed a survey regarding their experience with the model and the laboratory. Overall, veterinary educators agreed that this eye model was well constructed and useful in teaching good fundoscopic technique. Student performance of fundoscopy was not negatively impacted by the use of the model. This novel canine model shows promise as a teaching and assessment tool for fundoscopy.
authors.forename: Belle Marie D
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Nibblett
authors.forename: Mary Mauldin
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.forename: Fortune
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sithole
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004285:Dogs; D004520:Education, Veterinary; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D042262:Retinoscopy / Q000662:veterinary*; D013334:Students
keywords: canine fundoscopy; clinical skills; model validation; skills assessment; teaching model