title: Dietary intake patterns and diet quality in a nationally representative sample of women with and without severe headache or migraine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The role of diet in migraine is not well understood. We sought to characterize usual dietary intake patterns and diet quality in a nationally representative sample of women with and without severe headache or migraine. We also examined whether the relationship between migraine and diet differs by weight status.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this analysis, women with migraine or severe headache status was determined by questionnaire for 3069 women, ages 20-50 years, who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study, 1999-2004. Women who experienced severe headaches or migraines were classified as migraine for the purposes of this analysis. Dietary intake patterns (micro- and macronutrient intake and eating frequency) and diet quality, measured by the Healthy Eating Index, 2005, were determined using one 24-hour dietary recall.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dietary intake patterns did not significantly differ between women with and without migraine. Normal weight women with migraine had significantly lower diet quality (Healthy Eating Index, 2005 total scores) than women without migraine (52.5 ± 0.9 vs. 45.9 ± 1.0; P < .0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Whereas findings suggest no differences in dietary intake patterns among women with and without migraine, dietary quality differs by migraine status in normal weight women. Prospective analyses are needed to establish how diet relates to migraine onset, characteristics, and clinical features in individuals of varying weight status.
authors.affiliation: Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, The Miriam Hospital, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA.
authors.forename: E Whitney
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Lipton
authors.forename: B Lee
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Peterlin
authors.forename: Hollie A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Raynor
authors.forename: J Graham
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Kevin C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: O'Leary
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pavlovic
authors.forename: Rena R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Wing
authors.forename: Dale S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Bond
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001835:Body Weight; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015930:Diet Records; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D009749:Nutrition Surveys / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: diet quality; dietary intake pattern; migraine; overweight and obese; women