title: Formulation of resveratrol entrapped niosomes for topical use.
abstract: A new approach to the formulation of resveratrol (RSV) entrapped niosomes for topical use is proposed in this work. Niosomes were formulated with Gelot 64 (G64) as surfactant, and two skin-compatible unsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic acids), commonly used in pharmaceutical formulations, as penetration enhancers. Niosomes were prepared by two different methods: a thin film hydration method with minor modifications followed by a sonication stage (TFH-S), and an ethanol injection modified method (EIM). Niosomes prepared with the EIM method were in the range of 299-402 nm, while the TFH-S method produced larger niosomes in the range of 293-496 nm. Moreover, niosomes with higher RSV entrapment efficiency (EE) and better stability were generated by the EIM method. Ex vivo transdermal experiments, carried out in Franz diffusion cells on newborn pig skin, indicated that niosomes prepared by the EIM method were more effective for RSV penetration in epidermis and dermis (EDD), with values up to 21% for both penetration enhancers tested. The EIM method, which yielded the best RSV-entrapped niosomes, seems to be the most suitable for scaling up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pando
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matos
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain. Electronic address: cpazos@uniovi.es.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pazos
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010316:Particle Size; D010539:Permeability; D000077185:Resveratrol; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012869:Skin Absorption; D013010:Sonication; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008081:Liposomes; D013267:Stilbenes; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D000431:Ethanol; D000077185:Resveratrol
keywords: Ethanol injection method; Niosomes; Penetration enhancer; Resveratrol; Thin film hydration method; Topical use