title: Cytogenetic, crossing and molecular evidence of two cytological forms of Anopheles argyropus and three cytological forms of Anopheles pursati (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand.
abstract: Nine and 11 isolines of Anopheles argyropus and Anopheles pursati, respectively, were established from individual females collected from cow-baited traps, and the characteristics of metaphase chromosomes were investigated in their F1-progenies. As determined by the different amounts of extra heterochromatin on sex chromosomes, 2 types of X (X1, X2) and Y (Y1,Y2), and 2 types of X (X1, X2) and 3 types of Y (Y1, Y2, Y3) chromosomes were obtained from An. argyropus and An. pursati, respectively. These types of sex chromosomes comprised 2 [Forms A (X1, Y1) and B (X1, X2, Y2)] and 3 [Forms A (X1, X2, Y1), B (X1, X2, Y2) and C (X2, Y3)] karyotypic forms of An. argyropus and An. pursati, respectively. All karyotypic forms acquired from An. pursati are new one that were discovered in this study, of which Forms A, B and C were found generally in Chiang Mai Province, while only 1 isoline of Form B was obtained in Ratchaburi Province. Form A was recovered from An. argyropus only in Ubon Ratchathani Province, whereas Form B from that species was found commonly in both Ubon Rathchathani and Nakhon Si Thammarat Provinces. Crossing experiments among the 2 and 3 isolines representing 2 and 3 karyotypic forms of An. argyropus and An. pursati, respectively, indicated genetic compatibility in yielding viable progenies and synaptic salivary gland polytene chromosomes through F2-generations. The conspecific natures of these karyotypic forms in both species were further supported by very low intraspecific sequence variations (average genetic distance: An. argyropus = 0.003-0.007, An. pursati = 0-0.005) of ribosomal DNA (ITS2) and mitochondrial DNA (COI and COII).
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Science (Establishment Project), Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thongsahuan
authors.affiliation: Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Otsuka
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Center for Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Baimai
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saeung
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hempolchom
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taai
authors.affiliation: Entomology Section, Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, P.O. Box 7, Chiang Mai, 50180, Thailand.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Srisuka
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dedkhad
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sor-suwan
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Choochote
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D002417:Cattle; D059006:Chromosomes, Insect; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D003582:Cytogenetics / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D059785:Karyotype; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013785:Thailand