title: Upscaling the recruitment and retention of human resources for health at primary healthcare centres in Lebanon: a qualitative study.
abstract: The sustainability of primary healthcare (PHC) worldwide has been challenged by a global shortage in human resources for health (HRH). This study is a unique attempt at systematically soliciting and synthesising the voice of PHC and community stakeholders on the HRH recruitment and retention strategies at the PHC sector in Lebanon, the obstacles and challenges hindering their optimisation and the recommendations to overcome such obstacles. A qualitative design was utilised, involving 22 semi-structured interviews with PHC experts in Lebanon conducted in 2013. Nvivo qualitative data analysis software was employed for the thematic analysis of data collected from interviews. Five comprehensive themes emerged: understanding PHC scope, HRH recruitment issues, HRH retention challenges, rural areas' specific challenges and stakeholders' recommendations. Analysis of stakeholders' responses revealed a lack of a unified understanding of the PHC scope impacting the capacity for appropriate HRH planning. Identified impediments to recruitment included the suboptimal supply of HRH, financial constraints and poor management. Retention difficulties were attributed to poor working environments, financial constraints and lack of professional development. There was consensus that HRH challenges faced were aggravated in rural areas, jeopardising the equitable access to PHC services of quality. Equitable access was also jeopardised by the reported shortage of female HRH in a sociocultural context where many females prefer providers of the same gender. The study sets the path towards upscaling recruitment and retention policies and practices through the endorsement of a nationally acknowledged PHC definition and scope, the sustainable development of the PHC workforce and through the implementation of targeted recruitment and retention strategies addressing rural settings and gender equity. Decision-makers and planners are urged to identify HRH as the most important input for the success of PHC programmes and interventions, especially in the growing fields of mental health and geriatric care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Management and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Mohamad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alameddine
authors.affiliation: Department of Political Studies and Public Administration, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Hiba
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khodr
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Management and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Yara
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mourad
authors.affiliation: FIKRA Research and Policy, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Rami
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yassoub
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Management and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Jinane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abi Ramia
mesh_terms: D004777:Environment; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006291:Health Policy; D006280:Health Workforce / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D007861:Lebanon; D010560:Personnel Selection; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000191:economics; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013192:Staff Development
keywords: Lebanon; community healthcare; human resources for health; primary healthcare; recruitment; retention