title: Optimal management of immune-related toxicities associated with checkpoint inhibitors in lung cancer.
abstract: Antibodies against immune checkpoints including CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1 are increasingly being used in lung cancer. They are associated with novel, immune related toxicities not previously encountered with established treatments for lung cancer including colitis, hepatitis, rashes, neuropathies and other rarer immune mediated toxicities. Although generally these are low grade, there is a potential to be life threatening if not managed promptly. Early recognition of toxicity and institution of management algorithms are key to ensuring patient safety. We review the common toxicities and provide recommendations on their management.
authors.affiliation: The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M21 4BX, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Howell
authors.affiliation: The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M21 4BX, United Kingdom; The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M21 4BX, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bowyer
authors.affiliation: The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M21 4BX, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fusi
authors.affiliation: The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M21 4BX, United Kingdom; The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom. Electronic address: paul.lorigan@christie.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lorigan
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen / Q000276:immunology*; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; C423236:CD274 protein, human; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C105992:PDCD1 protein, human; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
keywords: Anti-CTLA-4; Anti-PD-1; Anti-PD-L1; Immunotherapy; Lung cancer; Toxicity