title: A one-year follow-up after modified constraint-induced movement therapy for chronic stroke patients with paretic arm: a prospective case series study.
abstract: Despite the confirmed short-term effects of constraint-induced movement therapy, the long-term effects have not been sufficiently verified in terms of functional improvement of the affected arm.
  
  
  
  To evaluate the long-term effects and relationship between arm use in activities of daily living and arm improvement with modified constraint-induced movement therapy in chronic stroke patients.
  
  
  
  At 1 year after completing modified constraint-induced movement therapy, arm function (Fugl-Meyer Assessment) and amount of daily arm use (motor activity log) were assessed.
  
  
  
  Fourteen post-stroke patients with mild to moderate impairment of arm function were analyzed. One year after completing modified constraint-induced movement therapy, participants consistently showed improvements in arm function and amount of daily arm use (analysis of variance: Fugl-Meyer Assessment, P < 0.001; Motor Activity Log, P < 0.001). For the Fugl-Meyer Assessment, post-hoc tests detected significant improvements (pre versus post, P = 0.009; pre versus 1 year, P < 0.0001; post versus 1 year, P < 0.036). For the Motor Activity Log, post-hoc tests also detected significant improvements (pre versus post, P = 0.0001; pre versus 1 year, P < 0.0001; post versus 1 year, P = 0.0014). The magnitude of the change in Fugl-Meyer Assessment score correlated significantly with the change in Motor Activity Log score (R = 0.778, P = 0.001).
  
  
  
  Among post-stroke patients with mild to moderate impairments of arm function, modified constraint-induced movement therapy without any other rehabilitation after intervention may improve arm function and increase arm use for 1 year. In addition, increasing arm use may represent an important factor in improving arm function, and vice versa.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takebayashi
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amano
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hanada
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Umeji
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Marumoto
authors.forename: Norihiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Domen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001132:Arm / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D026241:Exercise Movement Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009788:Occupational Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D010291:Paresis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Chronic-phase stroke; Constraint-induced movement therapy,; Stroke rehabilitation,