title: Biocompatibility of MgF2-coated MgNd2 specimens in contact with mucosa of the nasal sinus - a long term study.
abstract: Up to now, different surgical techniques and stent systems have already been developed and tested for the continuous and adequate ventilation of the frontal sinuses. However, the results achieved still remain poor. Magnesium-based implants have been successfully used in numerous clinical applications. Offering excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability it may be the ideal material for the development of novel implants of the nasal sinus. Here, we present for the first time results on the behaviour of magnesium alloy in a unique environment, i.e. in contact to the nasal mucosa, air and nasal secretion. In a prospective longitudinal study, magnesium fluoride-coated MgNd2 specimens were implanted in the frontal sinuses of 12 minipigs for the investigation of biocompatibility and of the interface between the implant and the mucosa. Endoscopic examinations, histopathological evaluation and EDX measurements were performed regularly up to 180days. Endoscopic evaluation showed focal mucosal reaction, however, without affecting the patency of the sinus. In addition, no signs of bacterial infections were observed. The EDX analyses showed a marginal but steady increase in the Mg concentration in the mucosa over 180days. Histological analysis revealed a locally confined moderate mucosal hyperplasia and unspecific inflammatory reaction. Furthermore, we did not find any osteoinductive effects of the magnesium alloy. The results indicate the excellent biocompatibility of the MgNd2 alloy in contact with nasal mucosa and provide a novel material compound and solid proof-of-principle for the development of magnesium-based nasal stents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngoloy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Constantin M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materials Science, Leibniz University of Hannover, An der Universität 2, 30823 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eifler
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materials Science, Leibniz University of Hannover, An der Universität 2, 30823 Hannover, Germany; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend, Dr. Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
authors.forename: Jan-Marten
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Seitz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materials Science, Leibniz University of Hannover, An der Universität 2, 30823 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.affiliation: Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 9, D-30559 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Janin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reifenrath
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngoloy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lenarz
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngoloy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany. Electronic address: durisin.martin@mh-hannover.der.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Durisin
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004724:Endoscopy; D005459:Fluorides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism; D017616:Magnesium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000601:surgery; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D017616:Magnesium Compounds; C577153:MgNd2 alloy; C031288:magnesium fluoride; D008274:Magnesium; D005459:Fluorides
keywords: Biocompatibility; ENT surgery; Magnesium; Nasal mucosa