title: The hypolipidemic and pleiotropic effects of rosuvastatin are not enhanced by its association with zinc and selenium supplementation in coronary artery disease patients: a double blind randomized controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Statins treatment may modify the levels of zinc and selenium, minerals that can improve vascular function and reduce oxidative damage and inflammation in atherosclerotic patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of rosuvastatin, alone or associated with zinc and selenium supplementation, on lipid profile, antioxidant enzymes and mineral status in coronary artery disease patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A double-blind randomized clinical trial was performed in which patients (n = 76) were treated with 10 mg rosuvastatin over 4 months associated or not with zinc (30 mg/d) and selenium (150 μg/d) supplementation. The following parameters were analyzed before and after the intervention: anthropometric measurements, lipid profile, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), electronegative low density lipoprotein (LDL(-)) concentrations, activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), zinc and selenium concentrations in blood plasma and erythocytes. Significance was determined using an α of 5% (two-tailed).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that rosuvastatin therapy was efficient in reducing total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and hs-CRP independently of mineral supplementation. Neither treatment was associated with significant changes in LDL(-). Similarly, the antioxidant enzymes GPx and SOD activity were unchanged by treatments. Neither treatment was associated with significant differences in concentrations of zinc or selenium in blood plasma and erythocytes of studied groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rosuvastatin treatment did not affect zinc and selenium levels in coronary artery disease patients. The zinc and selenium supplementation at doses used in this study did not change lipid profile or SOD and GPx activity in patients receiving rosuvastatin. Further studies should be focused on testing alternative doses and supplements in different populations to contribute for a consensus on the ideal choice of antioxidants to be used as possible complementary therapies in atherosclerotic patients.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01547377.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karine Cavalcanti Maurício
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Sena-Evangelista
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucia Fatima Campos
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Pedrosa
authors.affiliation: Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Sanali Moura Oliveira
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Paiva
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paula Cristina Silveira
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Diana Quitéria Cabral
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sílvia Maria Franciscato
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Cozzolino
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tanize Espírito Santo
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Faulin
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dulcinéia Saes Parra
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Abdalla
mesh_terms: D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D000068718:Rosuvastatin Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012643:Selenium / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D008055:Lipids; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D000068718:Rosuvastatin Calcium; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D012643:Selenium; D015032:Zinc