title: Release of Ciprofloxacin and Moxifloxacin From Daily Disposable Contact Lenses From an In Vitro Eye Model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the release of two fluoroquinolones, ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin, from conventional hydrogel (CH) and silicone hydrogel (SH) daily disposable contact lenses (CLs), comparing release from a fixed-volume vial and a novel in vitro eye model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four CH CLs (nelfilcon A, omafilcon A, etafilcon A, ocufilcon B) and three SH CLs (somofilcon A, narafilcon A, delefilcon A) were used. The lenses were incubated in drug solutions for 24 hours. After the incubation period, the lenses were placed in two release conditions: (1) a vial containing 4.8 mL PBS for 24 hours and (2) an in vitro eye model with a flow rate at 4.8 mL over 24 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Release in the vial for both drugs was rapid, reaching a plateau between 15 minutes and 2 hours for all lenses. In contrast, under physiological flow conditions, a constant and slow release was observed over 24 hours. The amounts of ciprofloxacin released from the lenses ranged between 49.6 ± 0.7 and 62.8 ± 0.3 μg per lens in the vial, and between 35.0 ± 7.0 and 109.0 ± 5.0 μg per lens in the eye model. Moxifloxacin release ranged from 24.0 ± 4.0 to 226.0 ± 2.0 μg per lens for the vial, and between 13.0 ± 2.0 and 151.0 ± 10.0 μg per lens in the eye model. In both systems and for both drugs, HEMA-based CLs released more drugs than other materials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The parameters of the release system, in particular the volume and flow rate, have a significant influence on measured release profiles. Under physiological flow, release profiles are significantly slower and constant when compared with release in a vial.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanics, Material Science and Engineering, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bajgrowicz
authors.affiliation: Centre for Contact Lens Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Chau-Minh
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Phan
authors.affiliation: Centre for Contact Lens Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Lakshman N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Subbaraman
authors.affiliation: Centre for Contact Lens Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Lyndon
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D003263:Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic; D004209:Disposable Equipment; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D000077266:Moxifloxacin
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D000077266:Moxifloxacin