title: Changes in and patterns of smoking exposure in an elderly urban population in Beijing: 2001-2010.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study aims to explore the patterns and changes of active and passive smoking in the elderly population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two cross-sectional surveys with representative samples of urban populations, aged between 60 and 95 years old, were conducted in 2001 and 2010 in Beijing. A current smoker was defined as a person who smoked a tobacco product at the time of the survey, and a passive smoker was defined as a person who had been exposed to smoke exhaled by a smoker for more than 15 minutes per day more than once per week.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 2,277 participants in 2001 and 2,102 participants in 2010 completed the survey. The current smoking prevalence changed slightly in males (24.7 vs. 21.2%, P = 0.081), while the prevalence in females decreased significantly from 8.8% (95% CI: 7.3-10.3%) in 2001 to 4.1% (95% CI: 3.0-5.2%) in 2010 (P<0.001). The prevalence of passive smoking was 30.5% (95% CI: 28.6-32.4%) in 2001 and 30.0% (95% CI: 28.1-32.0%) in 2010. The main source of secondhand smoke switched from a spouse in 2001 to offspring in 2010. This trend was observed in both sexes. Passive smoking in males from a smoking spouse decreased from 5.7% to 2.4% (P<0.001), while that from smoking offspring increased from 7.3 to 14.5% (P<0.001). Passive smoking in females from a spouse decreased from 30.6 to 17.6%, while that from offspring increased from 5.3 to 15.4% (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Offspring became the main source of secondhand smoke for the elderly. Our findings demonstrated the importance of implementing smoking prevention programs, to educate older adults who live with a smoking spouse and/or offspring.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China; Jinan Military Area CDC, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China.
authors.forename: Shanshan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China; State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
authors.forename: Yiyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Acupuncture, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000068476:Beijing; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000639:trends; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution