title: Prognostic Factors of 30-Day Mortality After Palliative Procedures in Patients with Malignant Pleural Effusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to identify predictors of 30-day mortality in patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE) who need pleural palliative procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data was prospectively collected from our database, between January 2013 and July 2014 on 86 patients with MPE and complete follow-up 30 days after the procedure. The sample was divided into two groups. The first group (G1) included patients who had died up to 30 days after the palliative procedure, and the second group (G2) included patients who survived for more than 30 days after the palliative procedure. The identification of prognostic factors occurred through univariate analysis using Fisher exact test for analysis of categorical variables and the t test for quantitative variables. Subsequently, all variables were used in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. The cutoff values for any significant continuous variables were determined by receiver operating characteristics analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 24 patients in G1 and 62 patients in G2. Univariate analysis of factors affecting postprocedural survival disclosed nine factors that were associated with significantly reduced postoperative survival. At the multivariate analysis, high levels of white blood cells, (p = .013), low levels of red blood cells (p < .0001) and protein in pleural fluid (p = .001), and primary lung and gastrointestinal sites (p = .0076) were identified as independent predictors of mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We identified four factors that are easily recognized in daily practice and can help select patients with low life expectancy. Therefore, invasive procedures and hospitalizations for this subgroup of patients can be prevented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital São José, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. fernandocabrao@uol.com.br.
authors.forename: Fernando Conrado
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Abrao
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Santa Marcelina, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Igor Renato Louro Bruno
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: de Abreu
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Santa Marcelina, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fogarolli
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Santa Marcelina, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Caxeiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Santa Marcelina, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila Borges Saes
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Bezerra
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Santa Marcelina, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Prado
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: de Cerqueira Cesar
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Santa Marcelina, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Poline Spitti
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital São José, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Riad Naim
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Younes
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D004322:Drainage; D004909:Erythrocyte Indices; D005260:Female; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care; D016066:Pleural Effusion, Malignant / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D018700:Pleurodesis; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D013627:Talc / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000069258:Thoracentesis
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D013627:Talc