title: Genetic Relatedness Among Escherichia coli Pathotypes Isolated from Food Products for Human Consumption in Cartagena, Colombia.
abstract: Foodborne pathogens are a leading cause of mild-to-severe gastrointestinal illnesses worldwide. Escherichia coli pathotypes have been known to cause gastrointestinal illnesses in children less than 5 years old in Colombia. However, insufficient information is available on the prevalence of E. coli contamination of food products and the kind of E. coli food product reservoirs. The two objectives of this study were designed to address this issue. The first objective was to ascertain coliform, E. coli, and pathogenic E. coli contamination of food products readily available for human consumption in Cartagena, Colombia. The second objective was to evaluate the relationship between pathogenic E. coli isolated from food products and those isolated from cases of diarrhea in children. Food product samples consisting of pasteurized milk, unpasteurized fruit juice, ground beef, cheese, and vegetables were obtained at four retail stores. The food samples were cultured in liquid media and tested for the presence of coliforms and E. coli. E. coli isolates were tested by polymerase chain reaction for the presence of pathogenic E. coli. Coliforms, E. coli, and E. coli intestinal pathotypes contamination were detected in 88.4%, 53%, and 2.1% of food product samples, respectively. Ground beef and cheese were the only food samples contaminated with E. coli intestinal pathotypes including enteropathogenic (EPEC), Shiga toxin-producing (STEC), and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC). Closed multilocus sequencing typing relationships between diarrheagenic E. coli isolates from food products and from individuals with diarrhea suggest that food products readily available at public markets in Cartagena can transmit ETEC and possibly EPEC and STEC. We demonstrated that a high proportion of food products for human consumption available at public markets in Cartagena are contaminated with coliforms, E. coli, and E. coli intestinal pathogens. Furthermore, food products containing E. coli intestinal pathogens may be involved in the transmission of foodborne illnesses among children in Cartagena, Colombia.
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Zorangel
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Amézquita-Montes
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tamborski
authors.forename: Usa G
authors.initials: UG
authors.lastname: Kopsombut
authors.forename: Chengxian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Octavio S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Arzuza
authors.forename: Oscar G
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Gómez-Duarte
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002611:Cheese / Q000382:microbiology; D003105:Colombia; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000382:microbiology; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D054308:Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D054307:Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005511:Food Handling; D005516:Food Microbiology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D010802:Phylogeny; D000069466:Red Meat / Q000382:microbiology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012703:Serotyping; D054323:Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014675:Vegetables / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial