title: High motility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein and its receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) expression in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) affects 14% of the world population. The high motility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein triggers inflammation, cell proliferation and cell survival through its receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) upon release from stressed or necrotic cells. The aim of the study was to analyze the expression and function of HMGB1 and RAGE in CRS, providing more information about HMGB1 signaling pathway in CRS, to determine its potential clinical significance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven patients with CRS and 26 normal controls (NC) were enrolled in this study. Classification of disease severity using the SNOT-20 questionnaire, nasal endoscopy, CT scan, assessment of allergy status, microbiological and cytological analysis was performed in patients. Fresh sinus mucosa samples were obtained and analyzed by immunohistochemistry for HMGB1 and RAGE expression in epithelial cells. ELISA assay was performed to evaluate the concentration of HMGB1 in the patients' sera.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences were found in HMGB1 immunoexpression between CRS patients and NC, however there was a highly significant difference in RAGE immunoexpression between both groups. There was a correlation between RAGE expression and number of tissue-infiltrating lymphocytes. Further, RAGE expression positively correlated with disease severity and a positive history for allergies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interaction of HMGB1 and RAGE might be relevant to CRS pathomechanisms leading to sinus mucosa hyperproliferation. CRS pathogenesis might be especially related to the RAGE overexpression correlated with disease severity and allergy.
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dzaman
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland. popkom@interia.pl.
authors.forename: Mariola
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zagor
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Molinska-Glura
authors.forename: Antoni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krzeski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D024243:HMGB1 Protein; C585491:HMGB1 protein, human; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products