title: Asymptomatic left ventricular noncompaction--implications for athletic participation.
abstract: Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a poorly understood and much debated morphological abnormality of the left ventricular myocardium. Much of what is known about this cardiomyopathy derives from large referral centers in patients presenting with significant symptoms and advanced disease. Disease progression and outcomes for adult patients with incidentally found and asymptomatic LVNC have not been established yet. As such, there are currently no evidence-based recommendations on clinical follow-up or interventions. Since LVNC's effect on athletic participation is unknown, there is insufficient evidence to support limiting athletic participation in low-risk individuals.
authors.affiliation: 1Family Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA; 2Penn State University Primary Care Sports Medicine Fellowship - State College, Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State University, State College, PA; and 3Penn State Primary Care Sports Medicine Fellowship, Departments of Family and Community Medicine and Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA.
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Pitzer
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Seidenberg
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Silvis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases; D056352:Athletes; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods; D005538:Football; D006801:Humans; D056830:Isolated Noncompaction of the Ventricular Myocardium / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D013334:Students