title: Development, construction, and content validation of a questionnaire to test mobile shower commode usability.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Usability is an emerging domain of outcomes measurement in assistive technology provision. Currently, no questionnaires exist to test the usability of mobile shower commodes (MSCs) used by adults with spinal cord injury (SCI).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the development, construction, and initial content validation of an electronic questionnaire to test mobile shower commode usability for this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The questionnaire was constructed using a mixed-methods approach in 5 phases: determining user preferences for the questionnaire's format, developing an item bank of usability indicators from the literature and judgement of experts, constructing a preliminary questionnaire, assessing content validity with a panel of experts, and constructing the final questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The electronic Mobile Shower Commode Assessment Tool Version 1.0 (eMAST 1.0) questionnaire tests MSC features and performance during activities identified using a mixed-methods approach and in consultation with users. It confirms that usability is complex and multidimensional. The final questionnaire contains 25 questions in 3 sections. The eMAST 1.0 demonstrates excellent content validity as determined by a small sample of expert clinicians.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The eMAST 1.0 tests usability of MSCs from the perspective of adults with SCI and may be used to solicit feedback during MSC design, assessment, prescription, and ongoing use. Further studies assessing the eMAST's psychometric properties, including studies with users of MSCs, are needed.
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Australia ; Centre for Research Excellence in Telehealth, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Australia ; NSW Paediatric Spinal Outreach Service , Northcott, North Parramatta, Australia.
authors.forename: Emma L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Friesen
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Australia ; Centre for Research Excellence in Telehealth, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Australia.
authors.forename: Deborah G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Theodoros
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Australia ; Centre for Research Excellence in Telehealth, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Australia.
authors.forename: Trevor G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Russell
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D001494:Baths / Q000295:instrumentation; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057240:Patient Preference; D012656:Self-Help Devices; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014038:Toilet Facilities
keywords: AT; assistive technology device; mobile shower commodes; outcome measures; telehealth; telerehabilitation; usability