title: One-step synthesis of Si@C nanoparticles by laser pyrolysis: high-capacity anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
abstract: Carbon-covered silicon nanoparticles (Si@C) were synthesized for the first time by a one-step continuous process in a novel two stages laser pyrolysis reactor. Crystallized silicon cores formed in a first stage were covered in the second stage by a continuous shell mainly consisting in low organized sp(2) carbon. At the Si/C interface silicon carbide is absent. Moreover, the presence of silicon oxide is reduced compared to materials synthesized in several steps, allowing the use of such material as promising anode material in lithium-ion batteries (LIB). Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) analysis of the samples at both SiKLL and SiLVV edges proved the uniformity of the carbon coating. Cyclic voltammetry was used to compare the stability of Si and Si@C active materials. In half-cell configuration, Si@C exhibits a high and stable capacity of 2400 mAh g(-1) at C/10 and up to 500 mAh g(-1) over 500 cycles at 2C. The retention of the capacity is attributed to the protective effect of the carbon shell, which avoids direct contact between the silicon surface and the electrolyte.
authors.affiliation: †CNRS UMR 3685, NIMBE, IRAMIS, CEA, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France.|‡Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sourice
authors.affiliation: †CNRS UMR 3685, NIMBE, IRAMIS, CEA, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France.
authors.forename: Axelle
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quinsac
authors.affiliation: †CNRS UMR 3685, NIMBE, IRAMIS, CEA, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France.
authors.forename: Yann
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Leconte
authors.affiliation: †CNRS UMR 3685, NIMBE, IRAMIS, CEA, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sublemontier
authors.affiliation: ‡Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Willy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Porcher
authors.affiliation: ‡Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Cedric
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Haon
authors.affiliation: ‡Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bordes
authors.affiliation: ‡Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Vito
authors.affiliation: ‡Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Adrien
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boulineau
authors.affiliation: ‡Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Séverine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jouanneau Si Larbi
authors.affiliation: †CNRS UMR 3685, NIMBE, IRAMIS, CEA, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Herlin-Boime
authors.affiliation: †CNRS UMR 3685, NIMBE, IRAMIS, CEA, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reynaud
keywords: carbon; core−shell nanoparticle; laser pyrolysis; lithium-ion battery; silicon