title: Indocyanine green angiographic evidence of choroiditis in scleroderma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this case report was to demonstrate evidence of indocyanine green angiography leakage consistent with choroiditis in a patient with scleroderma.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this case report, the patient underwent a variety of tests and examinations, including systemic evaluation, full ocular examination, skin biopsy, indocyanine green, and fluorescein angiography testing. A 52-year-old man had blurred vision centrally in both eyes. Vision was 20/25 and 20/20. Posterior examination showed cotton-wool spots in both eyes. The patient met European League against Rheumatism (EULAR) criteria for scleroderma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fluorescein angiography confirmed the presence of leakage from the retinal vessels. More importantly, indocyanine green angiography revealed choroidal vessel leakage in both eyes. This provided evidence of choroiditis before vessel obliteration. Previous studies have shown evidence of choriocapillaris obliteration. Choroidal vessel leakage, however, has not been reported in patients with scleroderma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this case demonstrate the usefulness of indocyanine green angiography in detecting the presence of choroiditis in scleroderma.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; †Grube Retina Clinic, Mandan, North Dakota; and Departments of ‡Dermatopathology, §Rheumatology, and ¶Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Amro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdellatief
authors.forename: Saranya C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Balasubramaniam
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Grube
authors.forename: Tania M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Gonzalez Santiago
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Osborn
authors.forename: Jose S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Pulido
mesh_terms: D002833:Choroiditis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D007208:Indocyanine Green