title: Short term exposure to di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) disrupts ovarian function in young CD-1 mice.
abstract: Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is present in many beauty and medical products. Human exposure estimates range from 0.007-0.01 mg/kg/day in the general population and up to 0.233 mg/kg/day in patients taking DBP-coated medications. Levels of phthalates tend to be higher in women, thus, evaluating ovarian effects of DBP exposure is of great importance. Mice were given corn oil (vehicle) or DBP at 0.01, 0.1, and 1000 mg/kg/day (high dose) for 10 days to test whether DBP causes ovarian toxicity. Estrous cyclicity, steroidogenesis, ovarian morphology, and apoptosis and steroidogenesis gene expression were evaluated. DBP exposure decreased serum E2 at all doses, while 0.1DBP increased FSH, decreased antral follicle numbers, and increased mRNA encoding pro-apoptotic genes (Bax, Bad, Bid). Interestingly, mRNAs encoding the steroidogenic enzymes Hsd17b1, Cyp17a1 and Cyp19a1 were increased in all DBP-treated groups. These novel findings show that DBP can disrupt ovarian function in mice at doses relevant to humans.
authors.affiliation: School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, 1177 E Fourth Street, 221 Shantz Building, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States. Electronic address: nsen@email.arizona.edu.
authors.forename: Nivedita
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.affiliation: School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, 1177 E Fourth Street, 221 Shantz Building, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States. Electronic address: xsliu@email.arizona.edu.
authors.forename: Xiaosong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, 1177 E Fourth Street, 221 Shantz Building, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States. Electronic address: zr.craig@arizona.edu.
authors.forename: Zelieann R
authors.initials: ZR
authors.lastname: Craig
mesh_terms: D015067:17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics; D003993:Dibutyl Phthalate / Q000633:toxicity*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D030762:Estrous Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D051379:Mice; D010053:Ovary / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D010968:Plasticizers / Q000633:toxicity*; D000098682:Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D010968:Plasticizers; D000098682:Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein; D003993:Dibutyl Phthalate; D004958:Estradiol; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D015067:17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; C576264:hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 1, mouse
keywords: Apoptosis; Follicle; Ovary; Phthalate; Steroidogenesis