title: Parental allergic disease before and after child birth poses similar risk for childhood allergies.
abstract: Whether the strength of associations between parental and child allergic diseases differs by whether the first onset of the parental disease is before or after a child's birth has never been examined and is the aim of this study. Yearly childhood asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema diagnoses were longitudinally regressed against the effect of a parental disease (pre- vs post-child birth) of the same type separately for each parent using generalized estimation equations. Both a maternal and paternal history of asthma were associated with childhood asthma prevalence up to 15 years of age. Effect estimates were similar for parental asthma with first onset before and after the birth of the child. The results for allergic rhinitis and eczema were less consistent. Parental allergic diseases with first onsets before and after the birth of a child both pose risks to childhood allergic disease in the offspring, especially for asthma.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fuertes
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Standl
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Research Institute, Marien-Hospital Wesel, Wesel, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: von Berg
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Immunology/Core Facility Studies, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.affiliation: IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.|Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: C-P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.affiliation: Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koletzko
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Research Institute, Marien-Hospital Wesel, Wesel, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Berdel
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heinrich
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D012306:Risk
keywords: asthma; cohort; eczema; family history; rhinitis