title: Isoxanthohumol--Biologically active hop flavonoid.
abstract: Isoxanthohumol (IXN), apart from xanthohumol (XN) and 8-prenylnaringenin (8PN), is one of the most important prenylflavonoids found in hops. Another natural source of this compound is a shrub Sophora flavescens, used in traditional Chinese medicine. Main dietary source of IXN is beer, and the compound is produced from XN during wort boiling. In the human body, the compound is O-demethylated to 8PN, the strongest known phytoestrogen. This process takes place in the liver and in the intestine, where it is mediated by local microflora. It has been reported in some studies that even though beer contains small amounts of hops and its preparations, these compounds may affect the functioning of the human body. IXN exhibits an antiproliferative activity against human cell lines typical for breast cancer (MCF-7), ovarian cancer (A-2780), prostate cancer (DU145 and PC-3), and colon cancer (HT-29 and SW620) cells. It strongly inhibits the activation of the following carcinogens: 2-amino-3-methylimidazol-[4,5-f]quinoline and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) via human cytochrome P450 (CYP1A2). It also inhibits the production of prostate specific antigen (PSA). IXN significantly reduces the expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in the case of invasive breast cancer MDA-MB-231. It interferes with JAK/STAT signaling pathway and inhibits the expression of pro1inflammatory genes in the monoblastic leukemia cell line (MonoMac6). It activates apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). In addition, IXN shows an antiviral activity towards herpes viruses (HSV1 and HSV2) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV).
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The Faculty of Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, C. K. Norwida 25, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna Katarzyna
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Żołnierczyk
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The Faculty of Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, C. K. Norwida 25, Poland.
authors.forename: Wanda Krystyna
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Mączka
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The Faculty of Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, C. K. Norwida 25, Poland.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grabarczyk
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The Faculty of Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, C. K. Norwida 25, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wińska
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The Faculty of Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, C. K. Norwida 25, Poland.
authors.forename: Edyta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Woźniak
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The Faculty of Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, C. K. Norwida 25, Poland. Electronic address: miroslaw.aniol@up.wroc.pl.
authors.forename: Mirosław
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anioł
mesh_terms: D001515:Beer; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000187:drug effects; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D027582:Humulus / Q000737:chemistry*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D044004:Xanthones / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D044004:Xanthones; C512910:isoxanthohumol
keywords: Angiogenesis; Antiproliferative activity; Antitumor activity; Isoxanthohumol; Prenylflavonoids