title: Cardamonin Suppresses TGF-β1-Induced Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition via Restoring Protein Phosphatase 2A Expression.
abstract: Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the first step in metastasis and implicated in the phenotype of cancer stem cells. Therefore, understanding and controlling EMT, are essential to the prevention and cure of metastasis. In the present study, we examined, by Western blot, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and confocal microscopy, the effects of cardamonin (CDN) on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced EMT of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. TGF-β1 induced expression of N-cadherin and decreased expression of E-cadherin. CDN suppressed N-cadherin expression and restored E-cadherin expression. Further, TGF-β1 induced migration and invasion of A549 cancer cells, which was suppressed by CDN. TGF-β1 induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation during EMT, but CDN blocked it. Protein serine/threonine phosphatase 2A (PP2A) expression in A549 cancer cells was reduced by TGF-β1 but CDN restored it. The overall data suggested that CDN suppresses TGF-β1-induced EMT via PP2A restoration, making it a potential new drug candidate that controls metastasis.
authors.affiliation: BK21PLUS R-FIND Team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Ji
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: BK21PLUS R-FIND Team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Ji
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: BK21PLUS R-FIND Team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mi Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: BK21PLUS R-FIND Team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Gyeung Jin
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: BK21PLUS R-FIND Team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Byun
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Center, Goyang 410-769, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ho
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: BK21PLUS R-FIND Team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Hoon
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: A549; Cardamonin; Epithelial mesenchymal transition; JNK; PP2A; TGF-β1