title: Lidocaine 10% spray to the cervix reduces pain during intrauterine device insertion: a double-blind randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fear of pain during intrauterine device (IUD) insertion can be a barrier to widespread use of this safe and highly effective contraceptive method. Our objective was to determine the effectiveness of topical 10% lidocaine spray for pain control during IUD insertion.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 200 subjects with the request for IUD insertion were included in the study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: lidocaine spray (n=100) and placebo (n=100). The pain experienced during the procedure was measured immediately after insertion by a standard Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) administered by a separate researcher with maintenance of allocation concealment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean pain score during the procedure was 1.01±1.20 in the lidocaine spray group and 3.23±1.60 in the placebo spray group (p<0.001). Lidocaine spray treatment significantly lowered the overall procedural pain score compared with placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant pain reduction during IUD insertion can be achieved by using 10% lidocaine spray alone. Lidocaine spray can be accepted as a non-invasive, easy to apply and more comfortable local anaesthetic method for IUD insertion.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NCT02020551.
authors.affiliation: Medical Doctor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kayseri Military Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hüseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aksoy
authors.affiliation: Medical Doctor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ülkü
authors.initials: Ü
authors.lastname: Aksoy
authors.affiliation: Medical Doctor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sezin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozyurt
authors.affiliation: Medical Doctor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gökhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Açmaz
authors.affiliation: Medical Doctor, Department of Public Health, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Babayigit
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000187:drug effects*; D003267:Contraception / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007434:Intrauterine Devices / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine
keywords: intrauterine devices; lidocaine; pain relief