title: N-acetylcysteine prevents behavioral and biochemical changes induced by alcohol cessation in rats.
abstract: N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a glutamate-modulating agent with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, has been considered as a potential anti-addictive drug. Beneficial effects were reported for cocaine, cannabis, and tobacco addicts, but the effect of NAC in alcoholics or in alcohol animal models is unknown. The aggravation of alcohol withdrawal symptoms, such as anxiety, has been associated with increased levels of serum corticosterone and leptin. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of NAC on anxiety, as well as corticosterone and leptin serum levels, after cessation of chronic alcohol treatment in rats. Male Wistar rats were treated with 2 g/kg ethanol, twice daily, by gavage for 30 days; control animals received an appropriate dose of glucose to balance caloric intake. Rats were treated for 4 days with NAC (60 and 90 mg/kg, intra-peritoneally [i.p.]) or saline after alcohol cessation. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, rats were exposed to a 5-min session in the open-field test (OF). Corticosterone and leptin serum levels were determined by ELISA in samples collected within 30 min after the OF. Results showed that rats were hypoactive (decreased rearing, peripheral, and total crossings), and that corticosterone and leptin levels were increased 5 days after alcohol cessation. Four days of NAC prevented the behavioral and biochemical changes brought about by alcohol cessation. We suggest that, in addition to the anti-addictive properties reported for other drugs of abuse, NAC is potentially useful in the management of alcohol withdrawal.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Sarmento Leite, 500/202, Porto Alegre, RS 90050170, Brazil. Electronic address: quimtox@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Sarmento Leite, 500/202, Porto Alegre, RS 90050170, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carolina Ferreira
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Sarmento Leite, 500/202, Porto Alegre, RS 90050170, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Clarimundo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Sarmento Leite, 500/202, Porto Alegre, RS 90050170, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Sarmento Leite, 500/202, Porto Alegre, RS 90050170, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dalmaz
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Sarmento Leite, 500/202, Porto Alegre, RS 90050170, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Sarmento Leite, 500/202, Porto Alegre, RS 90050170, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Elisabetsky
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Sarmento Leite, 500/202, Porto Alegre, RS 90050170, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Sarmento Leite, 500/202, Porto Alegre, RS 90050170, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosane
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gomez
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000523:psychology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000009:adverse effects; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000378:metabolism*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D020738:Leptin; D000431:Ethanol; D003345:Corticosterone; D000111:Acetylcysteine
keywords: Addiction; Corticosterone; Ethanol; Leptin; N-acetylcysteine (NAC); Open field