title: In this correspondence, preliminary data in 100 lithium users found that urine osmolality correlated with chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypothyroidism. We hypothesize that GSK-3β inhibition is a potential mechanism for lithium-associated medical illness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address: soham.rej@mail.mcgill.ca.
authors.forename: Soham
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rej
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Segal
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Nancy C P
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Low
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network (UHN), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Istvan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mucsi
authors.affiliation: Biostatistician, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Holcroft
authors.affiliation: Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shulman
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Karl J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Looper
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005260:Female; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D006801:Humans; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008094:Lithium / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000139:chemically induced*; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D008094:Lithium; C000605506:GSK3B protein, human; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3