title: Gestational weight gain and obesity, adiposity and body size in African-American and Dominican children in the Bronx and Northern Manhattan.
abstract: Gestational weight gain (GWG) is potentially modifiable and is associated with infant size and body composition; however, long-term effects on childhood obesity have not been reported among multi-ethnic urban populations. We examined the association between GWG and child anthropometric measures and body composition at 7 years [waist circumference (WC), body mass index z-score (BMIZ), obesity (BMIZ ≥95%ile) and bioelectrical impedance analysis estimates of percentage body fat (%fat)] in African-American and Dominican dyads (n = 323) in the Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health prospective birth cohort study from 1998 to 2013. Linear and logistic regression evaluated associations between excessive GWG [>Institute of Medicine (IOM) 2009 guidelines] and outcomes, adjusting for pre-pregnancy BMI and covariates. Pre-pregnancy BMI (mean ± standard deviation, all such values) and total GWG were 25.8 ± 6.2 kg m(-2) (45% overweight/obese) and 16.4 ± 7.9 kg (64% > IOM guidelines), respectively. Excessive GWG was associated with higher BMIZ {0.44 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.2, 0.7], P < 0.001}, WC [β: 2.9 cm (95% CI: 1.1, 4.6), P = 0.002], %fat at 7 years [β: 2.2% (95% CI: 1.0, 3.5), P = 0.001)] and obesity [odds ratio: 2.93 (95% CI: 1.5, 5.8), P = 0.002]. Pre-pregnancy BMI was positively associated with child size, adiposity and obesity (all P < 0.05). Excessive GWG was highly prevalent and was associated with child obesity, greater percentage body fat and abdominal adiposity. Strategies to support healthy GWG are warranted to promote healthy growth and prevent childhood obesity.
authors.affiliation: New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA. ew2435@cumc.columbia.edu.|Institute of Human Nutrition and Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA. ew2435@cumc.columbia.edu.|Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA. ew2435@cumc.columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Widen
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences and the Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Robin M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Whyatt
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences and the Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Lori A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Hoepner
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Nutrition and Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.|Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Noel T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences and the Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Judyth
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ramirez-Carvey
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Sharon E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Oberfield
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Abeer
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hassoun
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences and the Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Frederica P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Perera
authors.affiliation: New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.|Institute of Human Nutrition and Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Dympna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Rundle
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D001741:Black or African American; D001724:Birth Weight; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D049628:Body Size; D002648:Child; D004293:Dominican Republic / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006293:Health Promotion; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009518:New York / Q000453:epidemiology; D050177:Overweight / Q000208:ethnology*; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000208:ethnology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055105:Waist Circumference; D015430:Weight Gain
keywords: body composition; childhood adiposity; childhood obesity; life course; pregnancy; weight gain