title: Nasal, oral and rectal microbiota of Black lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysopygus).
abstract: Black lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysopygus) are endangered callithrichids. Their conservation may require future translocations or reintroductions; however these approaches involve risks of pathogen introduction in the environment and stress-related opportunistic infections in these animals. In order to screen for opportunistic and potential pathogenic bacterial and fungal microbiota, ten free-ranging and ten captive Black lion tamarins were studied and the results compared. Nasal, oral and rectal swabs were collected and cultured for aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria and fungi, and a total 203 bacterial and 84 fungal isolates were obtained. Overall, the most frequent organisms were Staphylococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. Microbiota of free-ranging and captive animals were similar in composition. A number of potentially pathogenic organisms were identified, emphasizing the importance of microbiological screening in future translocation or reintroduction conservation management programs.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Celular Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Paulista São PauloSP Brazil Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Paulista, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vania M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Patologia Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade de São Paulo São PauloSP Brazil Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ralph E T
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Vanstreels
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Patologia Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade de São Paulo São PauloSP Brazil Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cátia D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Paula
authors.affiliation: Associação R3 Animal FlorianópolisSC Brazil Associação R3 Animal, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristiane K M
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Kolesnikovas
authors.affiliation: Lab&Vet Diagnóstico e Consultoria Veterinária Ltda São PauloSP Brazil Lab&Vet Diagnóstico e Consultoria Veterinária Ltda, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Christina C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Celular Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Paulista São PauloSP Brazil Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Paulista, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Selene D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Coutinho
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas Nazaré PaulistaSP Brazil Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas, Nazaré Paulista, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristiana S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Centro de Primatologia do Rio de Janeiro GuapimirimRJ Brazil Centro de Primatologia do Rio de Janeiro, Guapimirim, RJ, Brazil. ; Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos TeresópolisRJ Brazil Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos, Teresópolis, RJ, Brazil. ; Centro Universitário Plínio Leite NiteróiRJ Brazil Centro Universitário Plínio Leite, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alcides
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pissinatti
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Patologia Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade de São Paulo São PauloSP Brazil Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Catão-Dias
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005658:Fungi / Q000145:classification* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D051039:Leontopithecus / Q000382:microbiology*; D008828:Microbiological Techniques; D064307:Microbiota; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology*; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000382:microbiology*; D012007:Rectum / Q000382:microbiology*
keywords: Leontopithecus chrysopygus; bacteria; black lion tamarins; fungi; microbiota