title: The Role of Trauma Type in the Risk for Insomnia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Insomnia is common following exposure to trauma and can occur independently or as a feature of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, there is limited research identifying risk factors associated with the development of insomnia following exposure to a traumatic event. The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of specific trauma types in the risk for insomnia in a community sample of urban African Americans young adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 554 nonclinical, urban, young adult African Americans was recruited for a larger study from which 465 participants were utilized for this study based on their completion of all study self-report measures. Participants were initially screened by phone to determine whether they provisionally met study criteria. Once selected, participants underwent informed consent and then completed a battery of self-report measures that included the Life Events Checklist, the PTSD Checklist, the Insomnia Severity Index, and the Fear of Sleep Index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the seven trauma categories that were endorsed by at least 20% of the sample, results from logistic regression models indicated that sexual trauma, physical assault, accidents, natural disasters, and sudden violent death predicted insomnia independent of sex. However, PTSD symptom severity and nocturnal fears differentially influenced the relationship between trauma type and risk for insomnia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure to specific types of trauma increases the odds of insomnia twofold to threefold. Additionally, PTSD symptom severity and nocturnal fears contribute differentially to the relationship between trauma exposure and insomnia suggesting the possibility of multiple underlying pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: Tyish S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Hall Brown
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: Ameenat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akeeb
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Mellman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017677:Age Distribution; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012380:Role; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D014505:Urban Population; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: PTSD; insomnia; sleep disturbance; trauma