title: Recent advances in the understanding of immune-mediated nephrotic syndrome: diagnostic and prognostic implications.
abstract: Glomerular diseases with severe defects in glomerular permeability give rise to heavy proteinuria and can present as nephrotic syndrome. There are many different causes of the nephrotic syndrome and a renal biopsy is nearly always needed to elucidate the underlying disease. During the last decade, substantial advances have occurred in the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in immune-mediated glomerular diseases. Here, we review the diagnostic and prognostic implications of recent progress on the understanding of membranous nephropathy, minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, amyloidosis, IgA nephropathy and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.
authors.affiliation: Deptartment of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sjoerd A M E G
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Timmermans
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Paassen
authors.forename: Jan Willem
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Cohen Tervaert
mesh_terms: D017772:Amyloid Neuropathies / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D001706:Biopsy; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D011379:Prognosis; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology
keywords: IgA nephropathy; amyloidosis; diagnostics; focal segmental glomerulosclerosis; membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis; membranous nephropathy; minimal change disease; nephrotic syndrome; prognostics