title: Bone stability around dental implants: Treatment related factors.
abstract: The bone bed around dental implants is influenced by implant and augmentation materials, as well as the insertion technique used. The primary influencing factors include the dental implant design, augmentation technique, treatment protocol, and surgical procedure. In addition to these treatment-related factors, in the literature, local and systemic factors have been found to be related to the bone stability around implants. Bone is a dynamic organ that optimises itself depending on the loading condition above it. Bone achieves this optimisation through the remodelling process. Several studies have confirmed the importance of the implant design and direction of the applied force on the implant system. Equally dispersed strains and stresses in the physiological range should be achieved to ensure the success of an implant treatment. If a patient wishes to accelerate the treatment time, different protocols can be chosen. However, each one must consider the amount and quality of the available local bone. Immediate implantation is only successful if the primary stability of the implant can be provided from residual bone in the socket after tooth extraction. Immediate loading demands high primary stability and, sometimes, the distribution of mastication forces by splinting or even by inserting additional implants to ensure their success. Augmentation materials with various properties have been developed in recent years. In particular, resorption time and stableness affect the usefulness in different situations. Hence, treatment protocols can optimise the time for simultaneous implant placements or optimise the follow-up time for implant placement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Biomaterials, University of Greifswald, Rotgerberstr. 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany. Electronic address: friedhelmheinemann@web.de.
authors.forename: Friedhelm
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Heinemann
authors.affiliation: Endowed Chair of Oral Technology, Department of Prosthodontics, Preclinical Education and Dental Materials Science, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany; Department of Prosthodontics, Preclinical Education and Dental Materials Science, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Istabrak
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.affiliation: Endowed Chair of Oral Technology, Department of Prosthodontics, Preclinical Education and Dental Materials Science, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bourauel
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Biomaterials, University of Greifswald, Rotgerberstr. 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Reiner
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Biffar
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Biomaterials, University of Greifswald, Rotgerberstr. 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mundt
mesh_terms: D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation; D000818:Animals; D001846:Bone Development; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000502:physiology*; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D015921:Dental Implants; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D006801:Humans; D057893:Immediate Dental Implant Loading
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants
keywords: Augmentation material; Bone stability; Dental implant; Remodelling