title: Animal models of diabetic macrovascular complications: key players in the development of new therapeutic approaches.
abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a lifelong, incapacitating metabolic disease associated with chronic macrovascular complications (coronary heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease) and microvascular disorders leading to damage of the kidneys (nephropathy) and eyes (retinopathy). Based on the current trends, the rising prevalence of diabetes worldwide will lead to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Therefore, novel means to prevent and treat these complications are needed. Under the auspices of the IMI (Innovative Medicines Initiative), the SUMMIT (SUrrogate markers for Micro- and Macrovascular hard end points for Innovative diabetes Tools) consortium is working on the development of novel animal models that better replicate vascular complications of diabetes and on the characterization of the available models. In the past years, with the high level of genomic information available and more advanced molecular tools, a very large number of models has been created. Selecting the right model for a specific study is not a trivial task and will have an impact on the study results and their interpretation. This review gathers information on the available experimental animal models of diabetic macrovascular complications and evaluates their pros and cons for research purposes as well as for drug development.
authors.affiliation: Bioscience, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca R&D, 43183 Mölndal, Sweden.
authors.forename: Suvi E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Heinonen
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Guillem
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Genové
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bengtsson
authors.affiliation: R&D Diabetes Division, Translational Medicine, Sanofi-Aventis, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hübschle
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Åkesson
authors.affiliation: R&D Diabetes Division, Translational Medicine, Sanofi-Aventis, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hiss
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benardeau
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Division, pRED, CV and Metabolic Disease, Hoffmann-La Roche, 4070 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Seppo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ylä-Herttuala
authors.affiliation: Bioscience, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca R&D, 43183 Mölndal, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ann-Cathrine
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Jönsson-Rylander
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Maria F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Gomez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000150:complications; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000628:therapy*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000628:therapy; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051379:Mice; D008833:Microcirculation; D023421:Models, Animal; D051381:Rats; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents