title: Chronic exposure to cigarette smoke causes extrapulmonary abnormalities in rats.
abstract: Pathophysiological features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) include systemic abnormalities, such as weight loss and skeletal muscle wasting. Although cigarette smoke (CS) is a major risk factor in COPD, the systemic effects of CS exposure remain to be elucidated. In this study, rats were exposed to CS or smoke-free air for 12 weeks. CS-exposed rats developed emphysema and had significantly lower body weight and food intake than control rats. The plasma ghrelin levels significantly increased with an upregulation of gastric ghrelin mRNA expression induced by CS exposure. Further, we observed low plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 levels and high tumor necrosis factor-α levels. A significant reduction of skeletal muscle strength and an increase in the mRNA expression of catabolic factors was observed in CS-exposed rats. These results indicated that chronic CS exposure induced not only pulmonary emphysema but also systemic abnormalities related to muscle catabolism associated with inflammatory responses.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacology I, Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd., 6-4-3, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan; Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan. Electronic address: kamiide.yoshiyuki.g6@asubio.co.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamiide
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacology I, Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd., 6-4-3, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan. Electronic address: furuya.mayumi.cs@asubio.co.jp.
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Furuya
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacology I, Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd., 6-4-3, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan. Electronic address: inomata.norio.d5@asubio.co.jp.
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Inomata
authors.affiliation: Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan. Electronic address: tyada@jichi.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D004646:Emphysema / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000139:chemically induced; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D055435:Myostatin / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D044843:SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases / Q000235:genetics; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013270:Stomach / Q000187:drug effects; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000070584:Tripartite Motif Proteins; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D054439:Ghrelin; C525913:Mstn protein, rat; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D055435:Myostatin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012906:Smoke; D000070584:Tripartite Motif Proteins; C486692:Fbxo32 protein, rat; D044843:SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases; C499086:Trim63 protein, rat; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
keywords: Catabolism; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Cigarette smoke; Ghrelin; Rat