title: Oral Health and Blood Pressure: The IPC Cohort.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic periodontal diseases involve bacteria-induced inflammation of the tissues supporting the teeth. An inflammatory origin for hypertension has been proposed, and periodontal diseases are associated with an increased risk of vascular disease. The present study was performed to assess whether oral health conditions were associated with the risk of hypertension in adult population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample comprised 102,330 subjects, who underwent medical and oral examinations between 2002 and 2011. A full-mouth clinical examination was performed using simplified plaque index, calculus index, and simplified modified gingival index to assess dental plaque, dental calculus and gingival inflammation. The number of teeth was recorded. Biological parameters, including blood pressure were assessed. A subset analysis according to age (<65 or ≥65 years) was conducted. The association between blood pressure and oral conditions was explored using a logistic regression approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the sample of subject ≥65 years, no significant association was found between oral variables and the risk of hypertension. In subset <65 years, oral variables and risk of hypertension were associated. Insufficient masticatory function and missing teeth (>10) showed odds ratio (OR) = 1.20 [95% CI = 1.08-1.32] and OR = 1.17 [95% CI = 1.04-1.31], respectively. Hypertension was also associated with high level of dental plaque [OR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.55-2.33], dental calculus [OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.07-1.29] and gingival inflammation [OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.35-1.80] Moreover, in this subset <65 years, the risk of hypertension increases with the number of dental exposure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study indicates that insufficient masticatory function, poor oral hygiene, and oral inflammation are associated with hypertension in subject <65.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Service of Odontology, Rothschild Hospital, AP-HP, Paris 7-Denis Diderot University, U.F.R. of Odontology, Paris, France;
authors.forename: Christelle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Darnaud
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Investigations Préventives et Cliniques (IPC), Paris, France;
authors.forename: Frédérique
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Investigations Préventives et Cliniques (IPC), Paris, France; Manhès Hospital, Fleury-Mérogis, France;
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pannier
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Investigations Préventives et Cliniques (IPC), Paris, France; Department of Cardiology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, Paris 5-Descartes University, Medicine Faculty, Paris, France;
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Danchin
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Service of Odontology, Rothschild Hospital, AP-HP, Paris 7-Denis Diderot University, U.F.R. of Odontology, Paris, France; EA 2496, Paris 5-Descartes University, U.F.R. of Odontology, Paris, France. phbouch@noos.fr.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bouchard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009909:Oral Health; D018570:Risk Assessment
keywords: cardiovascular diseases; dental occlusion; high blood pressure; hypertension; oral hygiene; periodontal diseases; tooth loss.