title: Biotransformation of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in fusarium resistant and susceptible near isogenic wheat lines.
abstract: In this study, a total of nine different biotransformation products of the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) formed in wheat during detoxification of the toxin are characterized by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). The detected metabolites suggest that DON is conjugated to endogenous metabolites via two major metabolism routes, namely 1) glucosylation (DON-3-glucoside, DON-di-hexoside, 15-acetyl-DON-3-glucoside, DON-malonylglucoside) and 2) glutathione conjugation (DON-S-glutathione, "DON-2H"-S-glutathione, DON-S-cysteinyl-glycine and DON-S-cysteine). Furthermore, conjugation of DON to a putative sugar alcohol (hexitol) was found. A molar mass balance for the cultivar 'Remus' treated with 1 mg DON revealed that under the test conditions approximately 15% of the added DON were transformed into DON-3-glucoside and another 19% were transformed to the remaining eight biotransformation products or irreversibly bound to the plant matrix. Additionally, metabolite abundance was monitored as a function of time for each DON derivative and was established for six DON treated wheat lines (1 mg/ear) differing in resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) Fhb1 and/or Qfhs.ifa-5A. All cultivars carrying QTL Fhb1 showed similar metabolism kinetics: Formation of DON-Glc was faster, while DON-GSH production was less efficient compared to cultivars which lacked the resistance QTL Fhb1. Moreover, all wheat lines harboring Fhb1 showed significantly elevated D3G/DON abundance ratios.
authors.affiliation: Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kluger
authors.affiliation: Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bueschl
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biotechnology in Plant Production, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lemmens
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Michlmayr
authors.affiliation: Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malachova
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biotechnology in Plant Production, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koutnik
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biotechnology in Plant Production, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Imer
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Maloku
authors.affiliation: Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berthiller
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.affiliation: Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krska
authors.affiliation: Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schuhmacher
mesh_terms: D001711:Biotransformation; D004151:Dipeptides; D005670:Fusarium / Q000502:physiology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D014908:Triticum / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D004151:Dipeptides; D009183:Mycotoxins; D014255:Trichothecenes; C028505:cysteinylglycine; C007262:deoxynivalenol