title: Training the removal of negative information from working memory: A preliminary investigation of a working memory bias modification task.
abstract: Rumination in depressed adults is associated with a bias toward retaining negative information in working memory. We developed a task designed to modify this cognitive bias by having subjects repeatedly practice removing negative words from working memory, thereby enabling them to retain positive and neutral words. To assess the efficacy of this task, we recruited 60 adults who reported elevated repetitive negative thought (RNT) and randomly assigned them to receive a single administration of either the working memory bias modification (WMBM) task or a control task. Subjects in the WMBM condition exhibited greater reduction in proactive interference for negative information than did those in the control condition. These results suggest that the WMBM task reduces biased retention of negative information in working memory and, thus, may be useful in investigating the possible causal role of this cognitive bias in RNT or depression.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , USA.
authors.forename: Donald J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Robinaugh
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , USA.
authors.forename: Margaret E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Crane
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , USA.
authors.forename: Philip M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Enock
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , USA.
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: McNally
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003863:Depression / Q000628:therapy*; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D008875:Middle Aged; D011614:Psychotherapy, Brief / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cognitive bias modification; Proactive interference; Repetitive negative thought; Rumination; Working memory