title: Surveillance at the molecular level: Developing an integrated network for detecting variation in avian influenza viruses in Indonesia.
abstract: Since 2006, Indonesia has used vaccination as the principal means of control of H5N1-HPAI. During this time, the virus has undergone gradual antigenic drift, which has necessitated changes in seed strains for vaccine production and associated modifications to diagnostic antigens. In order to improve the system of monitoring such viral evolution, the Government of Indonesia, with the assistance of FAO/OFFLU, has developed an innovative network whereby H5N1 isolates are antigenically and genetically characterised. This molecular surveillance network ("Influenza Virus Monitoring" or "IVM") is based on the regional network of veterinary diagnostic laboratories, and is supported by a web-based data management system ("IVM Online"). The example of the Indonesian IVM network has relevance for other countries seeking to establish laboratory networks for the molecular surveillance of avian influenza and other pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Nining
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hartaningsih
authors.affiliation: Disease Investigation Center, Wates, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Hendra
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wibawa
authors.affiliation: Directorate of Animal Health, Directorate General of Livestock and Animal Health Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.lastname: Pudjiatmoko
authors.affiliation: Disease Investigation Center, Wates, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Fadjar Sumping Tjatur
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Rasa
authors.affiliation: Disease Investigation Center, Wates, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Sri Handayani
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Irianingsih
authors.affiliation: Disease Investigation Center, Wates, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Rama
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dharmawan
authors.affiliation: Rapid Response Unit, Directorate General of Livestock and Animal Health Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Azhar
authors.affiliation: Rapid Response Unit, Directorate General of Livestock and Animal Health Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Elly Sawitri
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Siregar
authors.affiliation: Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McGrane
authors.affiliation: CSIRO, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: CSIRO, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Selleck
authors.affiliation: CSIRO, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.affiliation: CSIRO, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Ivano
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Broz
authors.affiliation: OIE/FAO Network of Expertise on Animal Influenza, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Mia Kim
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Torchetti
authors.affiliation: OIE/FAO Network of Expertise on Animal Influenza, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Gwenaelle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dauphin
authors.affiliation: OIE/FAO Network of Expertise on Animal Influenza, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Filip
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Claes
authors.affiliation: UrRemote, Udayana University, Kampus Bukit, Jimbaran, Bali, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Wiryadi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sastraningrat
authors.affiliation: CSIRO, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: peter.durr@csiro.au.
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Durr
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D001717:Birds / Q000821:virology; D002645:Chickens / Q000821:virology; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011159:Population Surveillance
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral
keywords: Antigenic cartography; Avian influenza; Bioinformatics; H5N1-HPAI; Molecular surveillance system; OFFLU; Surveillance networks