title: Exploring the potential of phyllosilicate minerals as potassium fertilizers using sodium tetraphenylboron and intensive cropping with perennial ryegrass.
abstract: In response to addressing potassium (K) deficiency in soil and decreasing agricultural production costs, the potential of K-bearing phyllosilicate minerals that can be directly used as an alternative K source has been investigated using sodium tetraphenylboron (NaTPB) extraction and an intensive cropping experiment. The results showed that the critical value of K-release rate and leaf K concentration was 3.30 g kg(-1) h(-1) and 30.64 g (kg dry matter)(-1), respectively under the experimental conditions. According to this critical value, the maximum amount of released K that could be utilized by a plant with no K deficiency symptoms was from biotite (27.80 g kg(-1)) and vermiculite (5.58 g kg(-1)), followed by illite, smectite and muscovite with 2.76, 0.88 and 0.49 g kg(-1), respectively. Ryegrass grown on phlogopite showed K deficiency symptoms during the overall growth period. It is concluded that biotite and vermiculite can be directly applied as a promising and sustainable alternative to the use of classical K fertilizers, illite can be utilized in combination with soluble K fertilizers, whereas muscovite, phlogopite and smectite may not be suitable for plant growth. Further field experiments are needed to assess the use of these phyllosilicate minerals as sources of K fertilizer.
authors.affiliation: 1] State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 21008, China [2] College of Resources and Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China [3] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 21008, China.
authors.forename: Huoyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 21008, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1] State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 21008, China [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Zijun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 21008, China.
authors.forename: Jianmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005308:Fertilizers / Q000032:analysis*; D008129:Lolium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D008903:Minerals / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011188:Potassium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013775:Tetraphenylborate / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D005308:Fertilizers; D008903:Minerals; D017640:Silicates; C517971:muscovite; C099089:illite; C047410:biotite; C003760:vermiculite; D013775:Tetraphenylborate; C033214:Smectite; D011188:Potassium