title: Tangential flow ultrafiltration for detection of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in shrimp pond water.
abstract: Water represents the most important component in the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) transmission pathway in aquaculture, yet there is very little information. Detection of viruses in water is a challenge, since their counts will often be too low to be detected by available methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In order to overcome this difficulty, viruses in water have to be concentrated from large volumes of water prior to detection. In this study, a total of 19 water samples from aquaculture ecosystem comprising 3 creeks, 10 shrimp culture ponds, 3 shrimp broodstock tanks and 2 larval rearing tanks of shrimp hatcheries and a sample from a hatchery effluent treatment tank were subjected to concentration of viruses by ultrafiltration (UF) using tangential flow filtration (TFF). Twenty to 100l of water from these sources was concentrated to a final volume of 100mL (200-1000 fold). The efficiency of recovery of WSSV by TFF ranged from 7.5 to 89.61%. WSSV could be successfully detected by PCR in the viral concentrates obtained from water samples of three shrimp culture ponds, one each of the shrimp broodstock tank, larval rearing tank, and the shrimp hatchery effluent treatment tank with WSSV copy numbers ranging from 6 to 157mL(-1) by quantitative real time PCR. The ultrafiltration virus concentration technique enables efficient detection of shrimp viral pathogens in water from aquaculture facilities. It could be used as an important tool to understand the efficacy of biosecurity protocols adopted in the aquaculture facility and to carry out epidemiological investigations of aquatic viral pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture (Indian Council of Agricultural Research), 75, Santhome High Road, Raja Annamalai Puram, Chennai 600 028, India. Electronic address: svalavandi@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Alavandi
authors.affiliation: Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture (Indian Council of Agricultural Research), 75, Santhome High Road, Raja Annamalai Puram, Chennai 600 028, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ananda Bharathi
authors.affiliation: Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture (Indian Council of Agricultural Research), 75, Santhome High Road, Raja Annamalai Puram, Chennai 600 028, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Satheesh Kumar
authors.affiliation: Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture (Indian Council of Agricultural Research), 75, Santhome High Road, Raja Annamalai Puram, Chennai 600 028, India.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dineshkumar
authors.affiliation: Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture (Indian Council of Agricultural Research), 75, Santhome High Road, Raja Annamalai Puram, Chennai 600 028, India.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saravanakumar
authors.affiliation: Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture (Indian Council of Agricultural Research), 75, Santhome High Road, Raja Annamalai Puram, Chennai 600 028, India.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Joseph Sahaya Rajan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000821:virology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D061005:Ponds / Q000821:virology; D014462:Ultrafiltration / Q000379:methods*; D046848:White spot syndrome virus 1 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral
keywords: Aquaculture; Biosecurity; Tangential flow filtration; Ultrafiltration; White spot syndrome virus