title: Modified wideband three-dimensional late gadolinium enhancement MRI for patients with implantable cardiac devices.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of cardiac devices on three-dimensional (3D) late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) MRI and to develop a 3D LGE protocol for implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) patients with reduced image artifacts.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 3D LGE sequence was modified by implementing a wideband inversion pulse, which reduces hyperintensity artifacts, and by increasing bandwidth of the excitation pulse. The modified wideband 3D LGE sequence was tested in phantoms and evaluated in six volunteers and five patients with ICDs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Phantom and in vivo studies results demonstrated extended signal void and ripple artifacts in 3D LGE that were associated with ICDs. The reason for these artifacts was slab profile distortion and the subsequent aliasing in the slice-encoding direction. The modified wideband 3D LGE provided significantly reduced ripple artifacts than 3D LGE with wideband inversion only. Comparison of 3D and 2D LGE images demonstrated improved spatial resolution of the heart using 3D LGE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased bandwidth of the inversion and excitation pulses can significantly reduce image artifacts associated with ICDs. Our modified wideband 3D LGE protocol can be readily used for imaging patients with ICDs given appropriate safety guidelines are followed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Shams
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rashid
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Stanislas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rapacchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.|UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Kalyanam
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shivkumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Plotnik
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.|Biomedical Physics Inter-Departmental Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: J Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Finn
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.|Biomedical Physics Inter-Departmental Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D003287:Contrast Media; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA
keywords: Three dimensional late gadolinium enhancement; delayed enhancement; hyperintensity artifact; implantable cardiac devices; implantable cardioverter defibrillator; metal artifact reduction; wideband inversion