title: Infective endocarditis after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: results from a large multicenter registry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We aimed to determine the incidence, predictors, clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of infective endocarditis (IE) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  This multicenter registry included 53 patients (mean age, 79±8 years; men, 57%) who suffered IE after TAVI of 7944 patients after a mean follow-up of 1.1±1.2 years (incidence, 0.67%, 0.50% within the first year after TAVI). Mean time from TAVI was 6 months (interquartile range, 1-14 months). Orotracheal intubation (hazard ratio, 3.87; 95% confidence interval, 1.55-9.64; P=0.004) and the self-expandable CoreValve system (hazard ratio, 3.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.37-7.14; P=0.007) were associated with IE (multivariate analysis including 3067 patients with individual data). The most frequent causal microorganisms were coagulase-negative staphylococci (24%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (21%) and enterococci (21%). Vegetations were present in 77% of patients (transcatheter valve leaflets, 39%; stent frame, 17%; mitral valve, 21%). At least 1 complication of IE occurred in 87% of patients (heart failure in 68%). However, only 11% of patients underwent valve intervention (valve explantation and valve-in-valve procedure in 4 and 2 patients, respectively). The mortality rate in hospital was 47.2% and increased to 66% at the 1-year follow-up. IE complications such as heart failure (P=0.037) and septic shock (P=0.002) were associated with increased in-hospital mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of IE at 1 year after TAVI was 0.50%, and the risk increased with the use of orotracheal intubation and a self-expandable valve system. Staphylococci and enterococci were the most common agents. Although most patients presented at least 1 complication of IE, valve intervention was performed in a minority of patients, and nearly half of the patients died during the hospitalization period.
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: Ignacio J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Amat-Santos
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Messika-Zeitoun
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: Helene
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Eltchaninoff
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: Samir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kapadia
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: Stamatios
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lerakis
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: Asim N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Cheema
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Ibanes
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: Antonio J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Munoz-Garcia
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: Howard C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: Susheel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kodali
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nombela-Franco
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: Corrado
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tamburino
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jilaihawi
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: Jean-Bernard
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Masson
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: Fabio Sandoli
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: de Brito
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: Maria Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: Valter Correa
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: José Armando
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mangione
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Iung
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: Alec
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vahanian
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: E Murat
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Tuzcu
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: Salim S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hayek
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: Rocio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Angulo-Llanos
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: Juan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Gómez-Doblas
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: Danny
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dvir
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: Martin B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Leon
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: Eulogio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cobiella
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: Isidre
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vilacosta
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barbanti
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: Raj
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: R Makkar
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: Henrique Barbosa
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Urena
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dumont
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pibarot
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.).
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: San Roman
authors.affiliation: From Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada (I.J.A.-S., H.B.R., M.U., E.D., P.P., J.R.-C.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (I.J.A.-S., J.L, A.S.R.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, France (D.M.-Z., B.I., A.V.); Hôpital Charles Nicolle, University of Rouen, France (H.E., E.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S. Kapadia, E.M.T.); Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA (S.L., S.S.H.); St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada (A.C.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-I., R.A.-L.); Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (A.M.-G., J.J.G.-D.); Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain (M.P., J.C.C.); St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.G.W., D.D.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.H.); Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY (S. Kodali, M.B.L.); Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain (L.N.-F., E.G., J.C., I.V.); Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy (C.T., M.B.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (H.J., R.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (J.-B.M.); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil (F.S.d.B.); Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.C.F.); Hospital Sao Francisco-Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (V.C.L.); and Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil (J.A.M.). josep.rodes@criucpq.ulaval.ca.
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rodés-Cabau
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000601:surgery; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D016983:Enterococcus; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D005260:Female; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D065467:Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: endocarditis; heart valves; transcatheter aortic valve implantation