title: Factors associated with untreated diabetes: analysis of data from 20,496 participants in the Japanese National Health and Nutrition Survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to examine factors associated with untreated diabetes in a nationally representative sample of the Japanese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We pooled data from the Japanese National Health and Nutrition Survey from 2005 to 2009 (n = 20,496). Individuals aged 20 years and older were included in the analysis. We classified participants as having diabetes if they had HbA1c levels ≥6.5% (≥48 mmol/mol). People with diabetes who self-reported that they were not currently receiving diabetic treatment were considered to be untreated. We conducted a multinomial logistic regression analysis to determine factors associated with untreated diabetes relative to non-diabetic individuals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 20,496 participants who were included in the analysis, untreated diabetes was present in 748 (3.6%). Among participants with untreated diabetes, 48.3% were previously diagnosed with diabetes, and 46.5% had HbA1c levels ≥7.0% (≥53 mmol/mol). Participants with untreated diabetes were significantly more likely than non-diabetic participants to be male, older, and currently smoking, have lower HDL cholesterol levels and higher BMI, non-HDL cholesterol levels, and systolic blood pressure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A substantial proportion of people in Japan with untreated diabetes have poor glycemic control. Targeting relevant factors for untreated diabetes in screening programs may be effective to enhance the treatment and control of diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes Research, Diabetes Research Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Maki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes Research, Diabetes Research Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.affiliation: Center for International Collaboration and Partnership, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Nayu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.affiliation: Public Health, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.affiliation: Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shibuya
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes Research, Diabetes Research Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuhiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin