title: In situ transesterification of highly wet microalgae using hydrochloric acid.
abstract: This study addresses in situ transesterification of highly wet microalgae with hydrochloric acid (HCl) as a catalyst. In situ transesterification was performed by heating the mixture of wet algal cells, HCl, methanol, and solvent in one pot, resulting in the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield over 90% at 95°C. The effects of reaction variables of temperature, amounts of catalyst, reactant, and solvent, and type of solvents on the yield were investigated. Compared with the catalytic effect of H2SO4, in situ transesterification using HCl has benefits of being less affected by moisture levels that are as high as or above 80%, and requiring less amounts of catalyst and solvent. For an equimolar amount of catalyst, HCl showed 15wt.% higher FAME yield than H2SO4. This in situ transesterification using HCl as a catalyst would help to realize a feasible way to produce biodiesel from wet microalgae.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bora
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hanjin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Im
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jaewlee@kaist.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jae W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels; D018533:Biomass; D002384:Catalysis; D004951:Esterification; D004952:Esters; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000432:Methanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D058086:Microalgae / Q000378:metabolism; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D004952:Esters; D005227:Fatty Acids; D012997:Solvents; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid; D000432:Methanol
keywords: Biodiesel; Hydrochloric acid (HCl); In situ transesterification; Sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)); Wet microalgae