title: Seasonal DXA-measured body composition changes in professional male soccer players.
abstract: This work investigated changes in body composition of professional soccer players attending an Italian Serie A club across the competitive season; it is original insofar as body composition was assessed at multiple time points across the season using the accurate three-compartment model provided by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA). Thirty-one players (4 goalkeepers, 13 defenders, 8 midfielders, 6 forwards) underwent DXA and anthropometry at pre-, mid- and end-season. One operator measured whole body and regional body composition (fat mass, FM; fat-free soft tissue mass, FFSTM; mineral mass). Two players were excluded from analysis due to serious injury. Data were analysed with repeated measures ANOVA; factors were season time point and playing position. Results showed that whole-body FM and %FM significantly (P < 0.001) decrease at mid-season (-11.9%; -1.3%, respectively) and end-season (-8.3%; -0.8%, respectively) whereas FFSTM significantly (P < 0.001) increase at mid-season (+1.3%) and end-season (+1.5%). Limited, but significant changes took place in bone mineral content. Some regional (upper and lower limbs, trunk) differences in the pattern of body composition changes across the season were also found. Changes were similar for all playing positions. It was concluded that professional soccer players undergo changes in their FM, FFSTM, and mineral mass across the season with some regional variations, irrespective of the playing position. Changes are mostly positive at mid-season, possibly due to difference in training between the first and second phase of the season.
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Anthropometry and Body Composition, Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences , University of Verona , Verona , Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Milanese
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cavedon
authors.forename: Giuliano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Corradini
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Vita
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zancanaro
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition; D050218:Body Fat Distribution; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density; D003163:Competitive Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012916:Soccer / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: DXA; bone mineral content; bone mineral density; fat mass; lean mass; repeated measures