title: Rhododendron album Blume inhibits iNOS and COX-2 expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells through the downregulation of NF-κB signaling.
abstract: Rhododendron album Blume (RA) has traditionally been used as an herbal medicine and is considered to have anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, we screened RA extracts with anti-inflammatory properties. The biological effects of an RA methanol extract (RAME) on inflammation were investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse RAW264.7 cells. We investigated the effects of RAME on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. To explore the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of RAME, we measured the mRNA and protein expression of pro-inflammatory mediators induced by RAME in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells by RT-PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. RAME significantly inhibited the production of NO, PGE2, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. It also suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) with a concomitant decrease in the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. These results indicate that RAME inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses. These effects were considered to be strongly associated with the suppression of NF-κB activation. We therefore suggest that RAME may be prove to be an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
authors.affiliation: Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ok-Kyoung
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sei-Ryang
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: International Biological Material Research Center, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Hyub
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Paik
authors.affiliation: Center of Pharmaceutical and Medical Technology, The Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong, Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Bambang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Marwoto
authors.affiliation: Center of Pharmaceutical and Medical Technology, The Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong, Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Rifatul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Widjhati
authors.affiliation: Center of Pharmaceutical and Medical Technology, The Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong, Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Fifit
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Juniarti
authors.affiliation: Center of Pharmaceutical and Medical Technology, The Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong, Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Doddy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Irawan
authors.affiliation: Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Seop
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Ahn
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D029793:Rhododendron / Q000737:chemistry*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D015232:Dinoprostone