title: Exploration-exploitation strategy is dependent on early experience.
abstract: Traditional conceptualizations of early adversity characterize behavioral outcomes as maladaptive. However, conditional adaptation theory proposes that differing behavioral phenotypes following early experience are appropriate for the expected environment (e.g., behaviors likely to result in the best outcome based on environmental expectations). In the present study, youth with (n = 46) and without (n = 91) a history of previous institutionalization completed a laboratory-based experimental paradigm in which exploration-exploitation strategy was examined, a phenotype relevant to environmental expectations. Previous institutionalization was associated with decreased exploration and increased exploitation. A strategy favoring exploration resulted in greater success in the generous task condition whereas a strategy favoring exploitation produced greater success in the restricted task condition. These results suggest that exploration-exploitation strategy may be influenced by early experience, and the resulting success of strategy choice is context dependent and in line with expectations of the future environment based on early experience.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
authors.forename: Kathryn L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Humphreys
authors.forename: Steve S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Eva H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Telzer
authors.forename: Laurel J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Gabard-Durnam
authors.forename: Bonnie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Goff
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Flannery
authors.forename: Nim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tottenham
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology*; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D003657:Decision Making / Q000502:physiology; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis
keywords: conditional adaptation; exploitation; exploration; previous institutionalization; separation anxiety