title: Pneumococcal carriage in rural Gambia prior to the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: a population-based survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate pneumococcal colonisation before and after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in eastern Gambia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based cross-sectional survey of pneumococcal carriage between May and August 2009 before the introduction of PCV into the Expanded Program on Immunization. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from all household members, but in selected households, only children aged 6-10 years were swabbed. This age group participated in an earlier trial of a nine-valent PCV between 2000 and 2004.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage in 2933 individuals was 72.0% in underfives (N = 515), 41.6% in children aged 5-17 (N = 1508) and 13.0% in adults ≥18 (N = 910) years. The age-specific prevalence of serotypes included in PCV7, PCV10 and PCV13 was 24.7%, 26.6% and 46.8% among children <5 years of age; 8.5%, 9.2% and 17.7% among children 5-17 years; and 2.5%, 3.3% and 5.5% among adults ≥18 years. The most common serotypes were 6A (13.1%), 23F (7.6%), 3 (7.3%), 19F (7.1%) and 34 (4.6%). There was no difference in the overall carriage of pneumococci between vaccinated and unvaccinated children 8 years after the primary vaccination with three doses of PCV (48.3% vs. 41.1%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Before the introduction of PCV, serotypes included in PCV13 accounted for about half the pneumococcal serotypes in nasopharyngeal carriage. Thus, the potential impact of PCV13 on pneumococcal disease in the Gambia is substantial.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, The Gambia.
authors.forename: Effua
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Usuf
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, The Gambia.
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Badji
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, The Gambia.
authors.forename: Abdoulie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bojang
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, The Gambia.
authors.forename: Sheikh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jarju
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, The Gambia.
authors.forename: Usman Nurudeen
authors.initials: UN
authors.lastname: Ikumapayi
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, The Gambia.|Microbiology and Infection Unit, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.|Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Antonio
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, The Gambia.|Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.|Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
authors.forename: Grant
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mackenzie
authors.affiliation: Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bottomley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002353:Carrier State / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D005714:Gambia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000382:microbiology*; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D015995:Prevalence; D012703:Serotyping; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000254:growth & development*; D014611:Vaccination; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate
chemical_list: D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate
keywords: Gambia; Gambie; Neumococo; estado de portador nasofaríngeo; nasopharyngeal carriage; pneumococcal; pneumococcique; portage nasopharyngé