title: Angiogenic biomarkers in pregnancy: defining maternal and fetal health.
abstract: We review diagnostic and predictive roles of the angiogenic proteins placental growth factor, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1, and soluble endoglin in preeclampsia, and their association with future cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and breast cancer. Specific patterns of these proteins represent preeclamptic prediction markers and combined with maternal and clinical characteristics, the predictive values increase. Women experiencing preeclampsia have increased risks of developing cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, and a decreased risk of breast cancer. High placental growth factor concentrations have, in elderly patients, been shown to predict cardiovascular events. Diabetes is also a risk factor for future cardiovascular disease. Diabetic vascular complications are associated with increased soluble endoglin concentrations, and vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations are correlated to HbA1c and fasting glucose. Hence dysregulation in angiogenic proteins may link preeclampsia and cardiovascular diseases, targeting women who could in future benefit from prophylactic programs to possibly prevent, delay or reduce cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.|Faculty of Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lene G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Departement of Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jacob A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lykke
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.|Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Anne C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Staff
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D000071063:Endoglin; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D000072483:Placenta Growth Factor; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000097:blood*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000097:blood*; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015415:Biomarkers; C064206:ENG protein, human; D000071063:Endoglin; C000608036:PGF protein, human; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D000072483:Placenta Growth Factor; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1
keywords: Hypertension; angiogenic factors; high-risk pregnancies; maternal morbidity; maternal mortality; molecular biology; preeclampsia; pregnancy; women's health