title: Interventions for the treatment of Frey's syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Frey's syndrome is a rare disorder, the symptoms of which include sweating, flushing and warming over the preauricular and temporal areas following a gustatory stimulus. It often occurs in patients who have undergone parotidectomy, submandibular gland surgery, radical neck dissection, infection and traumatic injury in the parotid region, and is caused by the aberrant regrowth of facial autonomic nerve fibres. Currently there are several options used to treat patients with Frey's syndrome; for example, the topical application of anticholinergics and antiperspirants, and the intradermal injection of botulinum toxin. It is uncertain which treatment is most effective and safe.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy and safety of different interventions for the treatment of Frey's syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the Cochrane Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders Group Trials Register; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); PubMed; EMBASE; CINAHL; Web of Science; ICTRP and additional sources for published and unpublished trials. The date of the search was 28 April 2014.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in participants diagnosed with Frey's syndrome using a clinical standard such as Minor's starch-iodine test. We planned to include trials in which participants received any intervention versus no treatment (observation) or an alternative intervention, with or without a second active treatment. Our primary outcome measures were success rate (as assessed clinically by Minor's starch-iodine test, the iodine-sublimated paper histogram method, blotting paper technique or another method) and adverse events. Our secondary outcome measure was success rate as assessed by patients (disappearance or improvement of symptoms).
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the standard methodological procedures expected by The Cochrane Collaboration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified no RCTs or quasi-RCTs that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Our searches retrieved eight potentially relevant studies, but after assessment of the full-text reports we excluded all of them due to the absence of randomisation or because the patients did not have Frey's syndrome. We excluded one randomised controlled trial that compared two different doses of botulinum toxin in patients with Frey's syndrome because the comparator was not an alternative treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We are unable to establish the efficacy and safety of the different methods used for the treatment of Frey's syndrome.RCTs are urgently needed to assess the effectiveness of interventions for the treatment of Frey's syndrome. Future RCTs should include patients with Frey's syndrome of different ranges of severity and report these patients separately. Studies should investigate all possibly effective treatments (such as anticholinergics, antiperspirants and botulinum toxin) compared to control groups using different treatments or placebo. Subjective assessment of Frey's syndrome should be considered as one of the outcome measures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, No. 14, Section Three, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610041.
authors.forename: Chunjie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Fanglong
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qinghong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Zongdao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Longjiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D013547:Sweating, Gustatory / Q000628:therapy*