title: Mandala networks: ultra-small-world and highly sparse graphs.
abstract: The increasing demands in security and reliability of infrastructures call for the optimal design of their embedded complex networks topologies. The following question then arises: what is the optimal layout to fulfill best all the demands? Here we present a general solution for this problem with scale-free networks, like the Internet and airline networks. Precisely, we disclose a way to systematically construct networks which are robust against random failures. Furthermore, as the size of the network increases, its shortest path becomes asymptotically invariant and the density of links goes to zero, making it ultra-small world and highly sparse, respectively. The first property is ideal for communication and navigation purposes, while the second is interesting economically. Finally, we show that some simple changes on the original network formulation can lead to an improved topology against malicious attacks.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cesar I N
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Sampaio Filho
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: André A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40210-340 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberto F S
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.affiliation: 1] Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil [2] Computational Physics for Engineering Materials, IfB, ETH Zurich, Schafmattstrasse 6, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Hans J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.affiliation: 1] Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil [2] Computational Physics for Engineering Materials, IfB, ETH Zurich, Schafmattstrasse 6, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: José S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Andrade