title: Concentrations of the adrenocorticotropic hormone, corticosterone and sex steroid hormones and the expression of the androgen receptor in the pituitary and adrenal glands of male turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) during growth and development.
abstract: Androgens take part in the regulation of puberty and promote growth and development. They play their biological role by binding to a specific androgen receptor (AR). The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of AR mRNA and protein in the pituitary and adrenal glands, to localize AR protein in luteinizing hormone (LH)-producing pituitary and adrenocortical cells, to determine plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone and the concentrations of corticosterone, testosterone (T), androstenedione (A4) and oestradiol (E2) in the adrenal glands of male turkeys at the age of 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 and 28weeks. The concentrations of hormones and the expression of AR varied during development. The expression of AR mRNA and protein in pituitary increased during the growth. The increase of AR mRNA levels in pituitary occurred earlier than increase of AR protein. The percentage of pituitary cells expressing ARs in the population of LH-secreting cells increased in week 20. It suggests that AR expression in LH-producing pituitary cells is determined by the phase of development. The drop in adrenal AR mRNA and protein expression was accompanied by an increase in the concentrations of adrenal androgens. Those results could point to the presence of a compensatory mechanism that enables turkeys to avoid the potentially detrimental effects of high androgen concentrations. Our results will expand our knowledge of the role of steroids in the development of the reproductive system of turkeys from the first month of age until maturity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego St. 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland. Electronic address: jacek.kiezun@uwm.edu.pl.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kiezun
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego St. 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland. Electronic address: barbara.kaminska@uwm.edu.pl.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kaminska
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego St. 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland. Electronic address: janj@uwm.edu.pl.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jankowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego St. 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland. Electronic address: luizad@uwm.edu.pl.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dusza
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012741:Sexual Maturation / Q000187:drug effects; D014422:Turkeys / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D003345:Corticosterone
keywords: Adrenal glands; Androgen receptor; Corticosterone; Male turkeys; Pituitary; Sex steroid hormones