title: The epidemiology of blood pressure and its worldwide management.
abstract: Despite the vast amount of evidence on the benefits of blood pressure lowering accumulated to date, elevated blood pressure is still the leading risk factor for disease and disability worldwide. The purpose of this review is to summarize the epidemiological evidence underpinning the association between blood pressure and a range of conditions. This review focuses on the association between systolic and diastolic blood pressures and the risk of cardiovascular and renal disease. Evidence for and against the existence of a J-shaped curve association between blood pressure and cardiovascular risk, and differences in the predictive power of systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressure, are described. In addition, global and regional trends in blood pressure levels and management of hypertension are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.R.), Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.A.E., S.M.), The George Institute for Global Health, and Oxford Martin School (K.R., C.A.E., S.M.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. kazem.rahimi@georgeinstitute.ox.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Kazem
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rahimi
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.R.), Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.A.E., S.M.), The George Institute for Global Health, and Oxford Martin School (K.R., C.A.E., S.M.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Connor A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Emdin
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.R.), Nuffield Department of Population Health (C.A.E., S.M.), The George Institute for Global Health, and Oxford Martin School (K.R., C.A.E., S.M.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: MacMahon
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D019049:Developed Countries; D003906:Developing Countries; D003971:Diastole; D019468:Disease Management; D014943:Global Health; D054625:Healthcare Disparities; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007182:Income; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D013599:Systole
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents
keywords: blood pressure; epidemiology; hypertension; hypertension management