title: Identification of communal oviposition pheromones from the black fly Simulium vittatum.
abstract: The suite of pheromones that promote communal oviposition by Simulium vittatum, a North American black fly species, was identified and characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, electrophysiological, and behavioral bioassays. Behavioral assays demonstrated that communal oviposition was induced by egg-derived compounds that were active at short range and whose effect was enhanced through direct contact. Three compounds (cis-9-tetradecen-1-ol, 1-pentadecene, and 1-tridecene) were identified in a non-polar solvent extract of freshly deposited S. vittatum eggs that were capable of inducing the oviposition response. Electroantennography demonstrated that two of these three compounds (1-pentadecene and 1-tridecene) actively stimulated antennal neurons. Identification of the oviposition pheromones of this family may be helpful in developing control measures for nuisance black flies and for medically-important species such as Simulium damnosum sensu lato.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Tommy W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: McGaha
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Center for Drug Discovery and Innovation, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ryan M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Global Health Infectious Disease Research Program, Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America.
authors.forename: Nathan D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Burkett-Cadena
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Iburg
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Center for Drug Discovery and Innovation, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jeremy M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Beau
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sayed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama United States of America.
authors.forename: Charles R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Katholi
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America.
authors.forename: Eddie W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Cupp
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Center for Drug Discovery and Innovation, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America.
authors.forename: Bill J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.affiliation: Global Health Infectious Disease Research Program, Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America.
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Unnasch
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Noblet
mesh_terms: D000475:Alkenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D015827:Onchocerciasis, Ocular / Q000635:transmission; D010058:Oviposition / Q000187:drug effects*; D010063:Ovum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010675:Pheromones / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012843:Simuliidae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000475:Alkenes; D010675:Pheromones; D012997:Solvents