title: The efficacy of systemic corticosteroids in treatment of respiratory tract infections during hajj 2012.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diagnosis and treatment of respiratory tract infections (RTI) in a mass-gathering situation such as hajj is a medical challenge that requires quick decision-making and considerable knowledge about its etiology and treatment methods. High prevalence of RTI during Hajj and tendency of caravan physicians to treat of patients quickly in such situation lead to prescription of parenteral steroids. Nonetheless, no study has focused on the short-term and long-term effects of systemic steroids in Hajj pilgrims with RTI.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study focuses on efficacy of systemic consumption of corticosteroids in alleviating symptoms of RTI.
  
  
  METHODS
  This clinical trial was included 1671 pilgrims in Hajj 2012 who had symptoms of RTI based on caravan physician's findings. The patients were divided to two groups to receive either parenteral corticosteroid or other drugs. Patients who received antibiotics for bacterial infections were excluded. This survey concentrated on general symptoms of RTI during Hajj such as fever, musculoskeletal pain, coryza, sore throat, cough, dyspnea, and hoarseness before, 24 hours after, and five days after drug consumption. For classification and analysis of data, SPSS 17 was used. Descriptive statistical and Chi square test were used to compare variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In comparison to corticosteroid injection, treatment without systemic corticosteroids could reduce the fever more significantly within five days (P < 0.05), while it had no effect after 48 hours (P > 0.05). Although corticosteroids alleviated the symptoms during the first 48 hours (P > 0.05), they had no more effect after five days of consumption (P > 0.05). Treatment with medications other than corticosteroid had less effect on reducing coryza (P > 0.05) while corticosteroids had significant alleviating effect on coryza, cough, and musculoskeletal pain (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a need to conduct more comprehensive studies on effect of combination therapy with corticosteroids and antibiotics as well as their short-term and long-term adverse effects on the immune system. While injecting corticosteroids is commonly administered in patients with RTI, they are not recommended due to the lack of data on their long-term therapeutic and adverse effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Education and Research, Hajj and Pilgrimage Medical Center, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Aminreza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tabatabaei
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacutical, Hajj and Pilgrimage Medical Center, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heidarzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Education and Research, Hajj and Pilgrimage Medical Center, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Navvab
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shamspour
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Center, Khatam-ol-Anbia Hospital, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Pirhosein
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kolivand
keywords: Corticosteroids; Cough; Fever; Hoarseness