title: A comparative study on hulled adlay and unhulled adlay through evaluation of their LPS-induced anti-inflammatory effects, and isolation of pure compounds.
abstract: Coicis semen (=the hulled seed of Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen (Rom.Caill.) Stapf; Gramineae), commonly known as adlay and Job's tears, is widely used in traditional medicine and as a nutritious food. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the AcOEt fraction of unhulled adlays, using measurement of nitric oxide (NO) production on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, led to the isolation and identification of two new stereoisomers, (+)-(7'S,8'R,7″S,8″R)-guaiacylglycerol β-O-4'-dihydrodisinapyl ether (1) and (+)-(7'S,8'R,7″R,8″R)-guaiacylglycerol β-O-4'-dihydrodisinapyl ether (2), together with six known compounds, 3-8. Compounds 3 and 4 exhibited inhibitory activities on LPS-induced NO production with IC50 values of 1.4 and 3.7 μM, respectively, and suppressed inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expressions in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Simple high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC/UV) was used to compare the AcOEt fraction of unhulled adlays responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 cells and the inactive AcOEt fraction of hulled adlays.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Ewha Global Top 5 Program), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea, (phone: +82-2-32773047; fax: +82-2-32773051).
authors.forename: Goeun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Ah-Reum
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Joo Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ji-Youn
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Unwoo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Jongki
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Yeong Shik
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eun-Kyoung
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Seo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D031742:Coix / Q000737:chemistry*; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000276:immunology; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
keywords: Coix lacryma-jobi; Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2); Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS); Phenolic compounds