title: Electromagnetic interference from electronic devices used in the management of type 1 diabetes can impair the performance of an avalanche transceiver in search mode.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Portable electronic devices play an important role in the management of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Electromagnetic interference from electronic devices has been shown to impair the function of an avalanche transceiver in search mode (but not in transmitting mode). This study investigates the influence of electromagnetic interference from diabetes devices on a searching avalanche beacon.
  
  
  METHODS
  The greatest distance at which an avalanche transceiver (in search mode) could accurately indicate the location of a transmitting transceiver was assessed when portable electronic devices (including an insulin pump and commonly used real-time continuous subcutaneous glucose monitoring system [rtCGMS]) were held in close proximity to each transceiver.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The searching transceiver could accurately locate a transmitted signal at a distance of 30 m when used alone. This distance was unchanged by the Dexcom G4 rtCGMS, but was reduced to 10 m when the Medtronic Guardian rtCGMS was held close (within 30 cm) to the receiving beacon. Interference from the Animas Vibe insulin pump reduced this distance to 5 m, impairing the searching transceiver in a manner identical to the effect of a cell phone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Electromagnetic interference produced by some diabetes devices when held within 30 cm of a searching avalanche transceiver can impair the ability to locate a signal. Such interference could significantly compromise the outcome of a companion rescue scenario. Further investigation using other pumps and rtCGMS devices is required to evaluate all available diabetes electronics. Meantime, all electronic diabetes devices including rtCGMS and insulin pumps should not be used within 30 cm of an avalanche transceiver.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Internal Medicine, North Shore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand. Electronic address: steven@endocrinology.co.nz.
authors.forename: Steven C M
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D055875:Avalanches; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; D055615:Electrical Equipment and Supplies; D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D010355:Patient Identification Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011845:Radio / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018635:Rescue Work
keywords: T1DM; avalanche beacon; avalanche transceiver; electromagnetic interference; type 1 diabetes mellitus