title: Studies on interaction of norbixin with DNA: multispectroscopic and in silico analysis.
abstract: The interaction of food colorant norbixin with calf thymus DNA (CTDNA) was investigated through UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Circular Dichroism (CD), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), DNA melting studies, electrophoretic analysis, histological staining technique and molecular docking studies. The results indicated that norbixin interacted with CTDNA by partial intercalation mode. The binding constant (K) of norbixin with CTDNA was calculated to be 5.08×10(5) Mol(-1) L. FTIR and CD studies were coupled with (1)H NMR spectra revealed that norbixin intercalates partially and binds to the groove's, phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar of DNA and also induces conformational transition of B-form to A-form DNA. Agarose gel electrophoretic and histological staining technique results further prove that, norbixin specifically binds to the DNA in the cell. Moreover, molecular docking studies on the specific binding of norbixin with CTDNA have exhibited lowest conformation energy score of -3.2. Therefore, this food colorant has the ability to interact with DNA and it could emerge as a promising class of natural DNA targeted therapeutic.
authors.affiliation: School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Amrita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anantharaman
authors.affiliation: School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Rajendra Rao
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Priya
authors.affiliation: School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Hridya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hemachandran
authors.affiliation: School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Akella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sivaramakrishna
authors.affiliation: School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Subramanian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Babu
authors.affiliation: School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: rsiva77in@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Ramamoorthy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Siva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation; D009691:Nucleic Acid Denaturation; D019697:Onions / Q000166:cytology; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D002338:Carotenoids; D004247:DNA; C427203:calf thymus DNA; C099823:norbixin
keywords: Apocarotenoid; DNA; In silico analysis; Interaction; Norbixin; Spectroscopic