title: Supplementation of chitosan alleviates high-fat diet-enhanced lipogenesis in rats via adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase activation and inhibition of lipogenesis-associated genes.
abstract: This study investigated the role of chitosan in lipogenesis in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. The lipogenesis-associated genes and their upstream regulatory proteins were explored. Diet supplementation of chitosan efficiently decreased the increased weights in body, livers, and adipose tissues in high-fat diet-fed rats. Chitosan supplementation significantly raised the lipolysis rate; attenuated the adipocyte hypertrophy, triglyceride accumulation, and lipoprotein lipase activity in epididymal adipose tissues; and decreased hepatic enzyme activities of lipid biosynthesis. Chitosan supplementation significantly activated adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and attenuated high-fat diet-induced protein expressions of lipogenic transcription factors (PPAR-γ and SREBP1c) in livers and adipose tissues. Moreover, chitosan supplementation significantly inhibited the expressions of downstream lipogenic genes (FAS, HMGCR, FATP1, and FABP4) in livers and adipose tissues of high-fat diet-fed rats. These results demonstrate for the first time that chitosan supplementation alleviates high-fat diet-enhanced lipogenesis in rats via AMPK activation and lipogenesis-associated gene inhibition.
authors.affiliation: †Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chen-Yuan
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.affiliation: ‡Department of Food Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Im-Lam
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: ‡Department of Food Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tsung-Han
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: †Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.|§Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.|#Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 104, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shing-Hwa
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: ‡Department of Food Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Meng-Tsan
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Chiang
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D048271:Chitosan / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D050155:Lipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C524662:FABP4 protein, rat; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D047495:PPAR gamma; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D048271:Chitosan; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: AMP-activated protein kinase; chitosan; gene expression; high-fat diet; lipogenesis