title: Patterning of magnetic thin films and multilayers using nanostructured tantalum gettering templates.
abstract: This work demonstrates that a nonmagnetic thin film of cobalt oxide (CoO) sandwiched between Ta seed and capping layers can be effectively reduced to a magnetic cobalt thin film by annealing at 200 °C, whereas CoO does not exhibit ferromagnetic properties at room temperature and is stable at up to ∼400 °C. The CoO reduction is attributed to the thermodynamically driven gettering of oxygen by tantalum, similar to the exothermic reduction-oxidation reaction observed in thermite systems. Similarly, annealing at 200 °C of a nonmagnetic [CoO/Pd]N multilayer thin film sandwiched between Ta seed and Ta capping layers results in the conversion into a magnetic [Co/Pd]N multilayer, a material with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy that is of interest for magnetic data storage applications. A nanopatterning approach is introduced where [CoO/Pd]N multilayers is locally reduced into [Co/Pd]N multilayers to achieve perpendicular magnetic anisotropy nanostructured array. This technique can potentially be adapted to nanoscale patterning of other systems for which thermodynamically favorable combination of oxide and gettering layers can be identified.
authors.forename: Wenlan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Dahye
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chamath
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dannangoda
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Martirosyan
authors.forename: Dmitri
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Litvinov
keywords: Co/Pd multilayer; bit-patterned media; cobalt oxide; low temperature annealing; nanoscale patterning