title: The promise of biological markers for treatment response in first-episode psychosis: a systematic review.
abstract: Successful treatment of first-episode psychosis is one of the major factors that impacts long-term prognosis. Currently, there are no satisfactory biological markers (biomarkers) to predict which patients with a first-episode psychosis will respond to which treatment. In addition, a non-negligible rate of patients does not respond to any treatment or may develop side effects that affect adherence to the treatments as well as negatively impact physical health. Thus, there clearly is a pressing need for defining biomarkers that may be helpful to predict response to treatment and sensitivity to side effects in first-episode psychosis. The present systematic review provides (1) trials that assessed biological markers associated with antipsychotic response or side effects in first-episode psychosis and (2) potential biomarkers associated with biological disturbances that may guide the choice of conventional treatments or the prescription of innovative treatments. Trials including first-episode psychoses are few in number. Most of the available data focused on pharmacogenetics markers with so far only preliminary results. To date, these studies yielded-beside markers for metabolism of antipsychotics-no or only a few biomarkers for response or side effects, none of which have been implemented in daily clinical practice. Other biomarkers exploring immunoinflammatory, oxidative, and hormonal disturbances emerged as biomarkers of first-episode psychoses in the last decades, and some of them have been associated with treatment response. In addition to pharmacogenetics, further efforts should focus on the association of emergent biomarkers with conventional treatments or with innovative therapies efficacy, where some preliminary data suggest promising results.
authors.affiliation: guillaume.fond@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fond
authors.forename: Marc-Antoine
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: d'Albis
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jamain
authors.affiliation: Jean Dausset Laboratory & INSERM, UMRS 940, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France;
authors.forename: Ryad
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tamouza
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain;
authors.forename: Celso
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arango
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria;
authors.forename: W Wolfgang
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Fleischhacker
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research & Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Psychiatric Hospital Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Denmark;
authors.forename: Birte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Glenthøj
authors.affiliation: Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany;
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leweke
authors.affiliation: Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK;
authors.forename: Shôn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK;
authors.forename: Phillip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McGuire
authors.affiliation: Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany;
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meyer-Lindenberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands;
authors.forename: Iris E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Sommer
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands;
authors.forename: Inge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Winter-van Rossum
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK;
authors.forename: Shitij
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kapur
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands;
authors.forename: René S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle, Halle, Germany.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rujescu
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leboyer
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: antipsychotic response; biomarker; cortisol; first-episode psychosis; hormonal; inflammation; oxidative stress; pharmacogenetic