title: Effects of the lifestyle intervention program GLICEMIA in people at risk for type 2 diabetes: a cluster-randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a 12-month prevention program conducted in 42 community pharmacies in reducing the risk for diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cluster-randomized controlled trial in 1,092 participants, mean change in the risk for diabetes (indicated by the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score [FINDRISC]) between intervention and control groups was calculated. In the intervention program GLICEMIA, three appointments with individual counseling and five educational group sessions were combined, whereas in the control group, only information about the participants' health was obtained in three assessments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjusting for cluster structure and differences in baseline characteristics, improvement in FINDRISC in the intervention group was 0.74 points (95% CI 0.42-1.04) above the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The GLICEMIA program shows the feasibility of a pharmacy-based intervention and leads to a significant modest reduction in diabetes risk score but does not reduce the rate of diabetes progression over 1 year.
authors.affiliation: Scientific Institute for Prevention in Health Care (WIPIG), Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schmiedel
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mayr
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fießler
authors.affiliation: Scientific Institute for Prevention in Health Care (WIPIG), Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schlager
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany kristina.leuner@fau.de.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Friedland
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003157:Community Pharmacy Services; D003376:Counseling / Q000379:methods*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018450:Disease Progression; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior