title: Association between depression and risk of atrial fibrillation and stroke in patients with psoriasis: a Danish nationwide cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Psoriasis and depression are associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) and stroke, but the influence of depression on the risk of stroke and AF in patients with psoriasis has not been examined.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the impact of depression on the risk of stroke and AF in patients with psoriasis in a nationwide cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on all Danish citizens aged ≥ 18 years between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 2011 (n = 5 251 888) were linked at the individual level in nationwide registers. Incidence rates (IRs) per 1000 person-years were calculated, and hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for age, sex, concomitant medication and comorbidity were estimated by multivariate Cox regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 56,496 and 11,357 incident cases of mild and severe psoriasis, respectively. Incident depression occurred among 12,788 cases with mild and 3261 cases with severe psoriasis. IRs per 1000 patient-years of AF were 3·21, 5·02, 8·41, 5·39 and 7·41; and IRs of stroke were 2·62, 3·09, 6·71, 3·62 and 9·03 for the reference population, mild psoriasis without depression, mild psoriasis with depression, severe psoriasis without depression and severe psoriasis with depression, respectively. The respective HRs for new-onset AF were 1·14 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1·08-1·33], 1·19 (95% CI 1·06-1·33), 1·32 (95% CI 1·15-1·53) and 1·74 (95% CI 1.43-2·11), respectively. For stroke the HRs were 1·63 (95% CI 1·43-1·85) in patients with mild psoriasis and depression and 2·47 (95% CI 2·07-2·95) in patients with severe psoriasis and depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with psoriasis, depression is associated with an increased risk of incident AF and stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2900, Hellerup, Denmark.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Egeberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2900, Hellerup, Denmark.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Khalid
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2900, Hellerup, Denmark.
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Gislason
authors.affiliation: Unit of Dermatology and Venereology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mallbris
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermato-allergology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2900, Hellerup, Denmark.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Skov
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2900, Hellerup, Denmark.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Hansen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*