title: Apoptosis induced by sonodynamic therapy in human osteosarcoma cells in vitro.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential effect of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether-sonodynamic therapy (HMME-SDT) on MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. The HMME concentration was kept constant at 20 µg/ml and the MG-63 osteosarcoma cell line was exposed to ultrasound with an intensity of 1.0 W/cm2 for 30 sec. Cell cytotoxicity was quantified using an MTT assay 6 h after HMME-SDT. The intracellular localization of HMME was imaged using inverted confocal laser scanning microscopy. Apoptosis was investigated using flow cytometry with Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodine staining. The cytotoxicity of HMME-mediated sonodynamic action on MG-63 cells was significantly higher than that of other treatments, including ultrasound alone, HMME alone and sham treatment. Flow cytometry demonstrated that HMME‑SDT action markedly enhanced the apoptotic rate of MG-63 cells. The mechanisms of apoptosis were analyzed by measuring the protein expression of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), cleaved PARP, procaspase-3, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9. The data demonstrated that HMME-SDT action markedly induced the apoptosis of MG-63 cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Afﬁliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Afﬁliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Afﬁliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Hospital of Harbin City, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Qing-Gang
authors.initials: QG
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Afﬁliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zheng-Gang
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Bi
mesh_terms: D017304:Annexin A5; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D015870:Gene Expression; D006415:Hematoporphyrins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000069453:Ultrasonic Waves
chemical_list: D017304:Annexin A5; D006415:Hematoporphyrins; C494379:hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9