title: Ultrasound-assisted biodiesel production from Camelina sativa oil.
abstract: The main drawbacks of biodiesel production are high reaction temperatures, stirring and time. These could be alleviated by aiding transesterification with alternative energy sources, i.e. ultrasound (US). In this study, biodiesel was obtained from Camelina sativa oil, aided with an ultrasonic probe (20kHz, 70% duty cycle, 50% amplitude). Design of experiments included the combination of sonication and agitation cycles, w/wo heating (50°C). To gain knowledge about the implications of the proposed methodology, conventional transesterification was optimized, resulting in higher needs on catalyst concentration and reaction time, compared to the proposed reaction. Although FAME content met EN 14103 standard, FAME yields were lower than those provided by US-assisted transesterification. Energy consumption measurements showed that ultrasound assisted transesterification required lower energy, temperature, catalyst and reaction time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Chemistry and Applied Thermodynamics, EPS, Edificio Leonardo da Vinci, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sáez-Bastante
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Chemistry and Applied Thermodynamics, EPS, Edificio Leonardo da Vinci, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ortega-Román
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Chemistry and Applied Thermodynamics, EPS, Edificio Leonardo da Vinci, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pinzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, EPS, Edificio Leonardo da Vinci, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Lara-Raya
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Chemistry and Applied Thermodynamics, EPS, Edificio Leonardo da Vinci, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Leiva-Candia
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Chemistry and Applied Thermodynamics, EPS, Edificio Leonardo da Vinci, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain. Electronic address: pilar.dorado@uco.es.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Dorado
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels / Q000528:radiation effects*; D019607:Brassicaceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D004951:Esterification / Q000528:radiation effects; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000528:radiation effects; D019220:High-Energy Shock Waves; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D013010:Sonication / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D005227:Fatty Acids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010938:Plant Oils
keywords: Biofuel; Energy requirement; FAME; Sonication; Ultrasonic probe