title: Clean graphene electrodes on organic thin-film devices via orthogonal fluorinated chemistry.
abstract: Graphene is a promising flexible, highly transparent, and elementally abundant electrode for organic electronics. Typical methods utilized to transfer large-area films of graphene synthesized by chemical vapor deposition on metal catalysts are not compatible with organic thin-films, limiting the integration of graphene into organic optoelectronic devices. This article describes a graphene transfer process onto chemically sensitive organic semiconductor thin-films. The process incorporates an elastomeric stamp with a fluorinated polymer release layer that can be removed, post-transfer, via a fluorinated solvent; neither fluorinated material adversely affects the organic semiconductor materials. We used Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy to show that chemical vapor deposition graphene can be successfully transferred without inducing defects in the graphene film. To demonstrate our transfer method's compatibility with organic semiconductors, we fabricate three classes of organic thin-film devices: graphene field effect transistors without additional cleaning processes, transparent organic light-emitting diodes, and transparent small-molecule organic photovoltaic devices. These experiments demonstrate the potential of hybrid graphene/organic devices in which graphene is deposited directly onto underlying organic thin-film structures.
authors.forename: Jonathan H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Barton
authors.forename: Marshall P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alexandrou
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Petrone
authors.affiliation: ∥Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Olivieri
authors.forename: Shyuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hone
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kymissis
mesh_terms: D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005461:Fluorine / Q000737:chemistry*; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008839:Microelectrodes; D054802:Molecular Imprinting / Q000379:methods*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D005461:Fluorine; D006108:Graphite
keywords: Graphene; electrodes; organic electronics; organic light-emitting diode; organic photovoltaic; thin films