title: The juvenile head trauma syndrome: a trauma triggered migraine?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The underlying mechanism of the juvenile head trauma syndrome (JHTS) is still uncertain, but it has been suggested that there is a role in cortical spreading depression, a phenomenon that is assumed to be a part of the pathophysiology of migraine.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We postulate that children affected by the JHTS are more susceptible to cortical spreading depression, caused by a genetic etiology similar to genetic factors in migraine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children with the JHTS were selected and evaluated retrospectively in an observational case-control study in two Dutch trauma centers in the period between January 2008 and July 2012.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We included 33 patients with the JHTS, who were accounted for approximately 2.5% of the total number (1,342) of children seen at the emergency department with a mild head trauma. The prevalence of migraine in cases compared with controls did not differ. The proportion of patients with a first-degree relative with migraine was significantly higher in cases compared with controls (odds ratio, 2.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-6.22; p = 0.010).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The JHTS is a relatively rare phenomenon, seen in approximately 2.5% of all children seen at the emergency department with mild brain injury. This study demonstrates a significant relationship between the JHTS and a positive history of migraine in first-degree relatives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Emma M J
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: van der Veek
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Matthijs
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oosterhoff
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Slingeland ziekenhuis, Doetinchem, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Pieter E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Vos
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hageman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013577:Syndrome