title: Analysis of Hypodermic Needles and Syringes for the Presence of Blood and Polydimethylsiloxane (Silicone) Utilizing Microchemical Tests and Infrared Spectroscopy.
abstract: Suspect hypodermic needles and syringes were seized from an unlicensed individual who was allegedly injecting patients with silicone (polydimethylsiloxane [PDMS]) for cosmetic enhancement. Since control syringe barrels and needles often contain an interfering PDMS lubricant, a risk for false positives of foreign PDMS exists. The focus of this report was to minimize this risk and determine a quick and reliable test for the presence of blood in PDMS matrices. Using ATR-FT-IR spectroscopy, the risk for false-positive identification of foreign PDMS was reduced by (i) overfilling the sampling aperture to prevent spectral distortions and (ii) sampling a region of the suspect syringe/needle assembly where manufacturer-applied PDMS is not typically located. Analysis for blood indicated that the Teichman microchemical test was effective for detecting blood in the presence of PDMS. Overall, detecting PDMS established intent and detecting blood established that the needle containing the PDMS had been used for injection.
authors.affiliation: United States Food and Drug Administration, Forensic Chemistry Center, Trace Examination Section, Cincinnati, OH, 45237.
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Crowe
authors.affiliation: United States Food and Drug Administration, Forensic Chemistry Center, Trace Examination Section, Cincinnati, OH, 45237.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lanzarotta
authors.affiliation: United States Food and Drug Administration, Forensic Chemistry Center, Trace Examination Section, Cincinnati, OH, 45237.
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Witkowski
authors.affiliation: United States Food and Drug Administration, Forensic Chemistry Center, Trace Examination Section, Cincinnati, OH, 45237.
authors.forename: Sara E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Andria
mesh_terms: D001769:Blood; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D044707:Forensic Sciences; D005607:Fraud; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008853:Microscopy; D009339:Needles; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; C013830:baysilon
keywords: ATR-FT-IR; blood; forensic science; microchemical; needles; polydimethylsiloxane; syringes