title: Substance Use, Offending, and Participation in Alcohol and Drug Treatment Programmes: A Comparison of Prisoners with and without Intellectual Disabilities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many offenders with intellectual disabilities have substance use issues. Offending behaviour may be associated with substance use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prisoners with and without intellectual disabilities were compared in terms of their substance use prior to imprisonment, the influence of substance use on offending, and their participation in alcohol and drug treatment programmes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Substance use was similar in prisoners with and without intellectual disabilities in the year prior to their current prison terms. Prisoners with intellectual disabilities were much less likely to report that substance use was an antecedent to the offences leading to their imprisonment. The completion rate of alcohol and drug treatment programmes was much lower for those with intellectual disabilities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Substance use may be as common in prisoners with intellectual disabilities as those without this condition. Services may need to reflect on whether their treatment programmes are meeting the needs of all prisoners.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing Research, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Vic., Australia.|School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Vic., Australia.
authors.forename: Jane A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: McGillivray
authors.affiliation: Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing Research, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Vic., Australia.|School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Vic., Australia.
authors.forename: Cadeyrn J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Gaskin
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Vic., Australia.
authors.forename: Danielle C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.affiliation: Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing Research, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Vic., Australia.|School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Vic., Australia.
authors.forename: Ben A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Richardson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D057237:Criminals / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D011329:Prisoners / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000067250:Psychiatric Rehabilitation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014739:Victoria
keywords: alcohol; drugs; intellectual disability; prisoners; substance use; treatment