title: Study of Single-dose Toxicity of Guseonwangdo-go Glucose Intramuscular Injection in Sprague-Dawley Rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to analyze single-dose intramuscular toxicity of Guseonwangdo-go glucose pharmacopuncture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty six-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two large groups of forty rats; Guseonwangdo-go glucose 5% and Guseonwangdo-go glucose 20% groups. Each group was sub-divided into four smaller groups of five males and five females, with the following dosages of pharmacopuncture being administered by intramuscular (IM) injection in each group: group 1 (G1, control group): 1.0 mL of normal saline solution, group 2 (G2, low-dose group): 0.1 mL, group 3 (G3, mid-dose group): 0.5 mL, and group 4 (G4, high-dose group): 1.0 mL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No mortalities or clinical signs were observed in any group. Also, no significant changes in body weights or in hematological/biochemical analyses were observed between the control and the experimental groups during necropsy or histopathology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The above findings suggest that the lethal dose of Guseonwangdo-go glucose 5% and 20% pharmacopuncture administered via IM injection is more than 1.0 mL per animal in both male and female rats. Further studies on the repeated-dose toxicity of Guseonwangdo-go glucose should be conducted to yield more concrete data.
authors.affiliation: Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, Dongguk University College of Oriental Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Su-Jeong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.affiliation: Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, Wonkwang University College of Oriental Medicine, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, Dongguk University College of Oriental Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Yu-Jong
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, Dongguk University College of Oriental Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Jung
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, Dongguk University College of Oriental Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Kap-Sung
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, Dongguk University College of Oriental Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Deok
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: Guseonwangdo-go; intramuscular toxicity; pharmacopuncture; single-dose toxicity