title: Antioxidant and antiatherogenic properties of phenolic acid and flavonol fractions of fruits of 'Amari' and 'Hallawi' date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties.
abstract: Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit phenolic-acid or flavonol fractions were examined in vitro for antioxidant and antiatherogenic properties. Two fractions of each subgroup were prepared from two date varieties, 'Amari' and 'Hallawi', by solid phase extraction on C18. The fractions were analyzed for phenolics composition by RP-HPLC and tested for ferric-reducing antioxidant power, free radical scavenging capacity, inhibition of Cu(2+)-induced LDL oxidation, and enhancement of HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages. All four fractions exhibited variable capacities to reduce ferric ions, scavenge radicals, and inhibit LDL oxidation. Flavonol fractions were considerably better inhibitors of LDL oxidation compared to phenolic acid fractions, with IC50's of 9-31 nmol GAE mL(-1) compared to 85-116 nmol GAE mL(-1), respectively. Only the flavonol fractions stimulated cholesterol removal from macrophages. Within each subgroup, the levels of all the activities varied with fraction composition. The results demonstrated strong structure-activity relationships for date phenolics and identified date flavonols as potential antiatherogenic bioactives.
authors.affiliation: †Southern Arava Research and Development, M. P. Hevel Eilot 88820, Israel.
authors.forename: Hamutal
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Borochov-Neori
authors.affiliation: †Southern Arava Research and Development, M. P. Hevel Eilot 88820, Israel.
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Judeinstein
authors.affiliation: †Southern Arava Research and Development, M. P. Hevel Eilot 88820, Israel.
authors.forename: Amnon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.affiliation: ‡The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and the Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa 31096, Israel.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Volkova
authors.affiliation: ‡The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and the Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa 31096, Israel.
authors.forename: Mira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosenblat
authors.affiliation: ‡The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and the Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa 31096, Israel.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aviram
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044948:Flavonols / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D065749:Phoeniceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D044948:Flavonols; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002784:Cholesterol; C017616:phenolic acid
keywords: Phoenix dactylifera L.; antiatherogenic; antioxidants; date fruit; flavonols; phenolic acids