title: Detection of new human metabolic urinary markers in chronic alcoholism and their reversal by aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia stem.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have studied urine metabolic signature of chronic alcoholism (CA) before and after treatment with an Ayurvedic drug Tinospora cordifolia aqueous extract (TCE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Urinary metabolites of chronic alcoholics and apparently healthy subjects were profiled using HPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Discrimination models from the initial data sets were able to correctly assign the unknown samples to the CA, treated or healthy groups in validation sets with r(2) > 0.98.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Metabolic signature in CA patients include changed tryptophan, fatty acids and pyrimidines metabolism. Several novel biomarkers of alcoholism were observed in urine for the first time which includes, 5-hydroxyindole, phenylacetic acid, picolinic acid, quinaldic acid, histidine, cystathionine, riboflavin, tetrahydrobiopterin and chenodeoxyglycocholic acid, in addition to previously reported biomarkers. Treatment of CA with TCE reverted the levels of most of the biomarkers except tetrahydrobiopterin levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggested that the measurement of these urine metabolites could be used as a non-invasive diagnostic method for the detection of CA. As TCE treatment significantly reversed the affected pathways without any side effect. Overall, the present data depicts that TCE may be used either alone or adjunct in reducing alcohol-induced disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, HR, India.
authors.forename: Ashwani
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India National Research Institute of Basic Ayurvedic Sciences, CCRAS, Kothrud, Pune, India rajeshdabur@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dabur
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000652:urine; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004909:Erythrocyte Indices; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D055432:Metabolomics; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018547:Plant Stems; D031610:Tinospora; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014280:Triglycerides; D014527:Uric Acid; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; C554782:gamma-glutamyltransferase, human; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase