title: Carotenoids in durian fruit pulp during growth and postharvest ripening.
abstract: Durian (Durio zibethinus) cvs. Chanee and Monthong fruit were severed from the tree during 14 day intervals, from 10 weeks after anthesis until commercial maturity. We determined the pulp (i.e. aril; fruit flesh) carotenoid composition, together with pulp firmness, color and total soluble solids (TSS) and postharvest quality. In ripe cv. Chanee fruit the main carotenoids were β-carotene (about 80%), and α-carotene (20%), with minor levels of lutein and zeaxanthin. In ripe fruit total carotenoid concentration (expressed per gram FW) was about 9-fold higher in cv. Chanee than in cv. Monthong. Large differences between the cultivars were also found in β-carotene levels (about 11 times more in cv. Chanee), and even larger ones in those of α-carotene. Differences in lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations were small. Pulp color was deeper yellow in cv. Chanee than in cv. Monthong, which was correlated with α-carotene and β-carotene concentrations. Durian contains a high fat percentage, which is conducive to carotenoid uptake. It is concluded that it is advisable to consume cv. Chanee rather than cv. Monthong if intake of carotenoids is considered important.
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
authors.forename: Apinya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wisutiamonkul
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory and Greenhouse Complex, Faculty of Agriculture Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand.
authors.forename: Somnuk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Promdang
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Academy of Science, The Royal Institute, Dusit, Bangkok 10300, Thailand. Electronic address: agrsck@ku.ac.th.
authors.forename: Saichol
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ketsa
authors.affiliation: Mann Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis 95616, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Wouter G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: van Doorn
mesh_terms: D035161:Bombacaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000737:chemistry*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002338:Carotenoids
keywords: Carotenoid; Durian; Maturity; Ripening