title: Increased plasma levels of heat shock protein 70 associated with subsequent clinical conversion to mild cognitive impairment in cognitively healthy elderly.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been regarded as cytoprotectants that protect brain cells during the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and from damage resulting from cerebral ischemia. In this study, we assessed the association between plasma HSP 70/27 levels and cognitive decline.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among participants in the community-based cohort study of dementia called the Gwangju Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment Study, subjects without cognitive impairment at baseline, who then either remained without impairment (non-conversion group), or suffered mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (conversion group) (non-conversion group, N = 36; conversion group, N = 30) were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a five to six year follow-up period, comparison of the plasma HSP 70 and HSP 27 levels of the two groups revealed that only the plasma HSP 70 level was associated with a conversion to MCI after adjustments for age, gender, years of education, follow-up duration, APOE e4, hypertension, and diabetes (repeated measure analysis of variance: F = 7.59, p = 0.008). Furthermore, an increase in plasma HSP 70 level was associated with cognitive decline in language and executive function (linear mixed model: Korean Boston Naming Test, -0.426 [-0.781, -0.071], p = 0.019; Controlled Oral Word Association Test, -0.176 [-0.328, -0.023], p = 0.024; Stroop Test, -0.304 [-0.458, -0.150], p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that the plasma HSP 70 level may be related to cognitive decline in the elderly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 443-380, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Joon
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Son
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Nonhyon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-081, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kang Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life Science, CHA University, Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-400, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Hyung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 443-380, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ki Jung
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 443-380, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Woong
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Science for Aging, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Soo Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Science for Aging, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Taewon
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Health Insurance Policy Research Institute, National Health Insurance Service, 311 Dongmak-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 121-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Joung Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Back
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Medical Center, 245 Eulji-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-799, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 443-380, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yunhwan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Inha University College of Medicine, 27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-711, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seong Hye
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 443-380, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jai Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Noh
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 443-380, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ki Young
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 443-380, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Ki
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 443-380, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Hyung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Byoung Hoon
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Oh
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003704:Dementia / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D055551:HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000097:blood; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D055551:HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins