title: Occupational radiation dose to eyes from interventional radiology procedures in light of the new eye lens dose limit from the International Commission on Radiological Protection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In 2011, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommended a substantial reduction in the equivalent dose limit for the lens of the eye, in line with a reduced threshold of absorbed dose for radiation-induced cataracts. This is of particular relevance in interventional radiology (IR) where it is well established that staff doses can be significant, however, there is a lack of data on IR eye doses in terms of Hp(3). Hp(3) is the personal dose equivalent at a depth of 3 mm in soft tissue and is used for measuring lens dose. We aimed to obtain a reliable estimate of eye dose to IR operators.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lens doses were measured for four interventional radiologists over a 3-month period using dosemeters specifically designed to measure Hp(3).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on their typical workloads, two of the four interventional radiologists would exceed the new ICRP dose limit with annual estimated doses of 31 and 45 mSv to their left eye. These results are for an "unprotected" eye, and for IR staff who routinely wear lead glasses, the dose beneath the glasses is likely to be significantly lower. Staff eye dose normalized to patient kerma-area product and eye dose per procedure have been included in the analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Eye doses to IR operators have been established using a dedicated Hp(3) dosemeter. Estimated annual doses have the potential to exceed the new ICRP limit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have estimated lens dose to interventional radiologists in terms of Hp(3) for the first time in an Irish hospital setting.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dowling
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guiney
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: McEniff
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: O'Reilly
mesh_terms: D005135:Eye Protective Devices; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D007494:Ireland; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000592:standards*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D015642:Radiology, Interventional; D011874:Radiometry; D016526:Workload