title: Human papilloma virus in head and neck squamous cell cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidemiologic and molecular evidences have established a strong link between high risk types of Human Papilloma Virus and a subgroup of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas (HNSCC). We evaluated the frequency of HPV positivity in HNSCC and its relationship to demographic and some risk factor variables in an open case- control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen recently diagnosed patients with squamous cell cancer of oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx aged 18-50 years were examined from 2008-2010 in Tabriz, Iran. HPV DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded blocks of each patient's sample for PCR evaluation. Saliva samples of 94 control cancer-free subjects were collected for DNA analysis. Multivariable logistic regression method was used to calculate odds ratio for case-control comparisons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High risk HPV was detected in 6(42.8%) patients, and 6(5.3%) control subjects which was statistically significant (p<0.0001). HPV-18 was the most frequent type both in the cases and controls. HPV-16 DNA was detected in two patients of the case group, but it was not detected in any of the controls. The relation between demographic and risk factor variables was not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HPV infection has a significant impact on HNSCC. Despite HPV-16 stronger impact, HPV-18 is more likely to cause malignant degeneration in such cancers amongst some communities. It is vital to introduce and conduct immunization schedules in health care systems to protect communities to some extent.
authors.affiliation: Haematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Asvadi Kermani
authors.affiliation: Haematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Seifi
authors.affiliation: Haematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dolatkhah
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sakhinia
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dastgiri
authors.affiliation: Haematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ebrahimi
authors.affiliation: Dept. of ENT, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lotfy
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Pathology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Esmaeili
authors.affiliation: Dept. of ENT, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammadi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: G
authors.affiliation: Dept. of ENT, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Naderpour
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: M
authors.affiliation: Dept. of ENT, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Hajalipour
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sh
authors.affiliation: Haematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Asghari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haggi A
authors.affiliation: Haematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Nadri
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: M
keywords: Head and Neck Neoplasms; Human Papilloma Virus 16; Human Papilloma Virus 18; Sex; Squamous Cell Carcinoma