title: Effect of sumac extract on serum oxidative status, RANKL/OPG system and alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) is widely used spice which has several properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial. The purpose of this animal study was to evaluate the effects of sumac extract on levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression, serum oxidative status, and alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four Wistar rats were separated into three groups: non-ligated (NL, n=8), ligature only (LO, n=8), and ligature and treated with sumac extract (S, n=8) (20 mg/kg per day for 11 days). A 4/0 silk suture was placed around the mandibular right first molars subgingivally; after 11 days, the rats were sacrificed, and alveolar bone loss was histometrically measured. The detection of RANKL and OPG were immunohistochemically performed. Levels of serum total antioxidant status (TAS)/total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were also analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alveolar bone loss was significantly greater in the LO group compared to the S and NL groups (p<0.05). The number of inflammatory cell infiltrate (ICI) and osteoclasts in the LO group was significantly higher than that of the NL and S groups (p<0.05). The number of osteoblasts in the LO and S groups was significantly higher than that of the NL group (p<0.05). There were significantly more RANKL-positive cells in the LO group than in the S and NL groups (p<0.05). OPG-positive cells were higher in S group than in LO and NL groups (p<0.05). TOS and OSI levels were significantly reduced in S group compared to LO group (P<0.05) and TAS levels were similar in S and NL group (p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study showed that systemic administration of sumac extract may reduce alveolar bone loss by affecting RANKL/OPG balance, TOS and OSI levels in periodontal disease in rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sağlam
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Serhat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Köseoğlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mükerrem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hatipoğlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hacı Hasan
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Esen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ekrem
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Köksal
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D002452:Cell Count; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D010006:Osteoblasts; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D016877:Oxidants / Q000097:blood; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D011897:Random Allocation; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D029045:Rhus / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D016877:Oxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D053245:RANK Ligand