title: Effect of mechanical stimulation on bone marrow stromal cell-seeded tendon slice constructs: a potential engineered tendon patch for rotator cuff repair.
abstract: Cell-based tissue engineered tendons have potential to improve clinical outcomes following rotator cuff repair, especially in large or massive rotator cuff tears, which pose a great clinical challenge. The aim of this study was to develop a method of constructing a functional engineered tendon patch for rotator cuff repair with cyclic mechanical stimulation. Decellularized tendon slices (DTSs) were seeded with BMSCs and subjected to cyclic stretching for 1, 3, or 7 days. The mechanical properties, morphologic characteristics and tendon-related gene expression of the constructs were investigated. Viable BMSCs were observed on the DTS after 7 days. BMSCs penetrated into the DTSs and formed dense cell sheets after 7 days of mechanical stretching. Gene expression of type I collagen, decorin, and tenomodulin significantly increased in cyclically stretched BMSC-DTS constructs compared with the unstrained control group (P < 0.05). The ultimate tensile strength and stiffness of the cyclically stretched tendon constructs were similar to the unstrained control group (P > 0.05). In conclusion, mechanical stimulation of BMSC-DTS constructs upregulated expression of tendon-related proteins, promoted cell tenogenic differentiation, facilitated cell infiltration and formation of cell sheets, and retained mechanical properties. The patch could be used as a graft to enhance the surgical repair of rotator cuff tears.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Institute of Stem Cell & Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Ting-Wu
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Long
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Thoreson
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Scott P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Steinmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Amadio
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Kai-Nan
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. Electronic address: zhaoc@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Chunfeng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D048430:Cell Shape; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004285:Dogs; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017006:Rotator Cuff / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins
keywords: Bone marrow stromal cells; Stretch; Tendon slice; Tissue engineering