title: Novel reassortant H10N7 avian influenza viruses isolated from chickens in Eastern China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since 2004, the H10N7 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) has caused sporadic human infections with variable clinical symptoms world-wide. However, there is limited information pertaining to the molecular characteristics of H10N7 AIVs in China.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To more fully characterize the genetic relationships between three novel H10N7 strains isolated from chickens in Eastern China and the strains isolated from birds throughout Asia, and to determine the pathogenicity of the H10N7 isolates in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  All eight gene segments from the Chinese H10N7 strains were sequenced and compared with AIV strains available in GenBank. The virulence of the three isolates was determined in chickens and mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three H10N7 subtype avian influenza viruses were isolated from chickens in live poultry markets in Eastern China in 2014: (1) A/chicken/Zhejiang/2C66/2014(H10N7) (ZJ-2C66), (2) A/chicken/Zhejiang/2CP2/2014(H10N7) (ZJ-2CP2), and (3) A/chicken/Zhejiang/2CP8/2014(H10N7) (ZJ-2CP8). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the viruses contained genetic material from H10, H2, H7, and H3 AIV strains that were circulating at the same time. The reassortant H10N7 viruses were found to be minimally pathogenic in chickens and moderately pathogenic in mice. The viruses were able to replicate in mice without prior adaptation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that H10N7 surveillance in poultry should be used as an early warning system for avian influenza outbreaks. The novel strains identified here may post a threat to human health in the future if they continue to circulate.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China. Electronic address: wuhaibo2014@163.com.
authors.forename: Haibo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310006 Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Rufeng
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiaorong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, 310021 Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Lihua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Linfang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiangyun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Changzhong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Tiansheng
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hangping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China. Electronic address: flwnp2013@163.com.
authors.forename: Nanping
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D001483:Base Sequence; D002645:Chickens / Q000821:virology*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D002988:Cloaca / Q000821:virology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D057921:Influenza A Virus, H10N7 Subtype / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D051379:Mice; D010802:Phylogeny; D011200:Poultry / Q000821:virology*; D016865:Reassortant Viruses / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*
keywords: Avian influenza virus; Chickens; Eastern China; H10N7; Poultry; Virus reassortment