title: Evolution of the indoor biome.
abstract: Few biologists have studied the evolutionary processes at work in indoor environments. Yet indoor environments comprise approximately 0.5% of ice-free land area--an area as large as the subtropical coniferous forest biome. Here we review the emerging subfield of 'indoor biome' studies. After defining the indoor biome and tracing its deep history, we discuss some of its evolutionary dimensions. We restrict our examples to the species found in human houses--a subset of the environments constituting the indoor biome--and offer preliminary hypotheses to advance the study of indoor evolution. Studies of the indoor biome are situated at the intersection of evolutionary ecology, anthropology, architecture, and human ecology and are well suited for citizen science projects, public outreach, and large-scale international collaborations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. Electronic address: LJM222@cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Laura J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bateman
authors.affiliation: UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Holly M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Bik
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hawks
authors.affiliation: UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hird
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.affiliation: Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
authors.forename: Steven W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kembel
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
authors.forename: Kerry
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kinney
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA.
authors.forename: Sergios-Orestis
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Kolokotronis
authors.affiliation: Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.affiliation: National Evolutionary Synthesis Center, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McClain
authors.affiliation: Biology and the Built Environment Center, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Meadow
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
authors.forename: Raul F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.affiliation: Department of Architecture, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
authors.forename: Gwynne
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mhuireach
authors.affiliation: Department of Science and Education, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, USA.
authors.forename: Corrie S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Moreau
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA; Louis Calder Center-Biological Field Station, Fordham University, Armonk, NY 10504, USA.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Munshi-South
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.affiliation: Department of Philosophy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.affiliation: Barrett Honors College, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Popova
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
authors.forename: Coby
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schal
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health Protection, 70210 Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Täubel
authors.affiliation: California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trautwein
authors.affiliation: Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Juan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ugalde
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
authors.forename: Robert R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Dunn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D017753:Ecosystem; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D064307:Microbiota / Q000502:physiology; D018521:Plant Physiological Phenomena
keywords: anthrome; built environment; microbiome; phylogeography; urban ecology