title: Induction of vascular leak syndrome by tumor necrosis factor-alpha alone.
abstract: Although TNF-α possesses promising anticancer activity, clinical application is limited partly due to cardiovascular toxicities. TNF-α effects on vessels are likely related to vascular toxicity, but much remains poorly understood. Similarly, IL-2 is an attractive treatment option for cancers but its clinical use is limited by the side effect of vascular leak syndrome (VLS). We report here that TNF-α alone can trigger VLS. Administration of recombinant TNF-α induced VLS in normal mice and TNF-α transgenic mice exhibited VLS. Perivascular infiltrates in the lungs and specific cytokines in serum were observed in VLS-induced mice. This study shed a new light on the critical role of the TNF-α in IL-2-induced or non IL-2-induced VLS and provides important points to TNF-α therapy.
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Yeon
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Hoseo University, Baebang, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Jo
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Euichaul
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: thhur92@catholic.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Tae-Hwe
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Heo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019559:Capillary Leak Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: Interleukin-2; Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; Vascular leak syndrome