title: Efficient, Absorption-Powered Artificial Muscles Based on Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Yarns.
abstract: A new type of absorption-powered artificial muscle provides high performance without needing a temperature change. These muscles, comprising coiled carbon nanotube fibers infiltrated with silicone rubber, can contract up to 50% to generate up to 1.2 kJ kg(-1) . The drive mechanism for actuation is the rubber swelling during exposure to a nonpolar solvent. Theoretical energy efficiency conversion can be as high as 16%.
authors.affiliation: The Alan G MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road BE26, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
authors.forename: Márcio Dias
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: The Alan G MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road BE26, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
authors.forename: Mohammad W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: Materials and Mechatronic Engineering, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
authors.forename: Geoffrey M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Spinks
authors.affiliation: Materials and Mechatronic Engineering, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
authors.forename: Sina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naficy
authors.affiliation: The Alan G MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road BE26, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hagenasr
authors.affiliation: The Alan G MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road BE26, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
authors.forename: Julia S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Bykova
authors.affiliation: The Alan G MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road BE26, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.|LINTEC Nano-Science and Technology Center, 990 N. Bowser Road, Suite 800, Richardson, TX, 75081, USA.
authors.forename: Derrick
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tolly
authors.affiliation: The Alan G MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road BE26, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
authors.forename: Ray H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Baughman
mesh_terms: D065966:Absorption, Physicochemical; D000818:Animals; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D004735:Energy Transfer; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry*; D058726:Nanoconjugates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D012826:Silicone Elastomers / Q000737:chemistry*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: D058726:Nanoconjugates; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D012826:Silicone Elastomers
keywords: absorption-powered muscle; artificial muscles; carbon nanotube yarns; coiled muscles; tensile actuators