title: Antioxidative and antiinflammatory activities of asiatic acid, glycyrrhizic acid, and oleanolic acid in human bronchial epithelial cells.
abstract: Protective effects of triterpenic acids, asiatic acid (AA), glycyrrhizic acid (GA), or oleanolic acid (OA), for two human bronchial epithelial cells, 16HBE and BEAS-2B cells, against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced injury were examined. Cells were pretreated by triterpenic acid at 4 or 8 μmol/L and followed by H2O2 treatment. Results showed that H2O2 significantly upregulated both Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expression, and also downregulated Bcl-2 expression in test cells. AA at these doses retained Bcl-2 expression, but GA and OA only at 8 μmol/L reserved Bcl-2 expression. Test triterpenic acids lowered cleaved caspase-3 expression dose-dependently. H2O2 treatment lowered Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity and mitochondrial membrane potential in cells. Triterpenic acid pretreatments significantly maintained mitochondrial membrane potential and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity. H2O2 enhanced reactive oxygen species, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and prostaglandin E2 levels in test cells. Three triterpenic acid treatments dose-dependently reversed these changes. H2O2 promoted the protein expression of p47(phox), gp91(phox), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), mitogen-activated protein kinase, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). AA, GA, or OA pretreatments dose-dependently downregulated the expression of p47(phox), COX-2, NF-κB p65, and p-p38 but only at 8 μmol/L decreased gp91(phox) expression. These results support that these triterpenic acids could protect bronchial epithelial cells to attenuate apoptotic, oxidative, and inflammatory stress.
authors.affiliation: †Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.|‡Sections of Infectious Diseases and Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Ming
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Tsao
authors.affiliation: §Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan.|∥Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Mei-Chin
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001980:Bronchi / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D002460:Cell Line; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D019695:Glycyrrhizic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000633:toxicity; D009828:Oleanolic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053978:Pentacyclic Triterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D053978:Pentacyclic Triterpenes; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019695:Glycyrrhizic Acid; D009828:Oleanolic Acid; C017032:asiatic acid; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide
keywords: MAPK; NF-κB; ROS; bronchial epithelial cells; triterpenic acids