title: Prevalence, awareness and treatment of chronic kidney disease among middle-aged and elderly: The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide reliable estimates of the prevalence, awareness, and treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and their distribution and related influencing factors in middle-aged and elderly population in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sessional survey called the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) was conducted in 2011-2012 in Chinese people aged 45 years or older. This was to evaluate the prevalence of CKD, disease awareness compared to other chronic diseases in the population, and whether they were being treated for their CKD. Estimated GFR (eGFR) was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration eGFR creatinine-cystatin C (eGFRcreat-cys) equation. CKD was defined as eGFR less than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) . Multivariable logistic regressions were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for the risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall prevalence of CKD was 11.5% (95%CI: 10.1% ∼ 12.8%). It was higher in urban than rural population (13.0% vs 10.0%, P < 0.05). Among all patients with CKD, only 8.7% were aware of the diagnosis. 4.9% of the patients were receiving treatment. The proportion of those aware of their condition and those who were treated decreased with age in both sexes. Of those aware (8.9%), 55.9% were treated. 31.4% of the treated patients took Chinese traditional medicine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a surprising prevalence of CKD in the Chinese middle-aged and elderly population, with disproportionately low awareness and treatment. A comprehensive strategy toward prevention, screening, treatment and control of CKD is needed to slow the epidemic of CKD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Bio-statistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shengfeng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Bio-statistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ru
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, ScM, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Bio-statistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Bio-statistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Siyan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Bio-statistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Liming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: CKD-EPI eGFRcr-cys equation; awareness; chronic kidney disease; middle-aged and elderly; prevalence; treatment