title: Sequence variants of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma gene and the clinical courses of patients with end-stage renal disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  PPAR-γ single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) reportedly play an important role in determining metabolic risk among diverse population. Whether PPAR-γ SNPs affect the clinical courses in ESRD patients is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  From a multicenter cohort, we identified 698 patients with prevalent ESRD between 2002 and 2003, and other 782 healthy subjects as control. Two PPAR-γ SNPs, Pro12Ala (rs1801282) and C161T (rs3856806), were genotyped and their association with ESRD was examined. Both groups were prospectively followed until 2007, and the predictability of genotypes for the long-term survival of ESRD patients was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After multivariable-adjusted regression, GG genotype of Pro12Ala was significantly more likely to associate with ESRD (P < 0.001) among patients with non-diabetes-related ESRD. Cox's proportional hazard regression showed that both Pro12Ala and C161T polymorphisms were significant predictors of mortality in ESRD patients with DM (Pro12Ala: GG versus other genotypes, hazard ratio [HR] <0.01; P < 0.001; for C161T, CC versus TT genotypes, HR 2.86; P < 0.001; CT versus TT genotypes, HR 1.93; P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first and largest study to evaluate PPAR-γ SNPs in ESRD patients. Further mechanistic study is needed to elucidate the role of PPAR-γ among ESRD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Jinshan branch, No. 51, Nanshih, Jinshan district, New Taipei 20844, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Jen-Ai Road Section 1, Taipei 10051, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Ter
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2892-7986
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, No. 17, Hsu-Chow Road, Taipei 10055, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yen-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Jinshan branch, No. 51, Nanshih, Jinshan district, New Taipei 20844, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Jen-Ai Road Section 1, Taipei 10051, Taiwan ; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 10002, Taiwan ; Department of Integrated Diagnostics & Therapeutics, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Kang
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jenq-Wen
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Fu-Chang
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Chung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chen-Chih
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 10002, Taiwan ; Department of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chung-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Yen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: D047495:PPAR gamma