title: Nursing staff induced repositionings and immobile patients' spontaneous movements in nursing care.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate nursing staff induced repositionings and the patients' spontaneous movements during the day and night among older immobile patients in nursing care. Furthermore, the aim was to identify factors associated with the nursing staff induced repositionings and the patients' spontaneous movement frequency. An observational cross-sectional design was used. Spontaneous movements among patients (n = 52) were registered continuously using the MovinSense monitoring system. The nursing staff documented each time they repositioned the patient. Patients spontaneous movements were compared with nursing staff induced repositionings. There were large variations in the patients' spontaneous repositioning frequency during both days and nights, which shows that, although immobilised, some patients frequently reposition themselves. Analgesics were positively related to the movement frequency and psycholeptics were negatively related. The nursing staff more often repositioned the patients who were assessed as high risk than those assessed as low risk, but the patients' spontaneous movement frequency was not correlated to the risk score. This may be important when planning repositioning schedules. A monitoring system may be useful in decision making with regard to planning repositioning and positions used in the prevention of pressure ulcers among elderly immobile patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.|Department of Dermatology, Södra Älvsborgs Sjukhus, Borås, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ulrika
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Källman
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.|Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery, and Burns, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bergstrand
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anna-Christina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ek
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Engström
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Margareta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lindgren
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D009740:Nursing Staff; D056888:Patient Positioning; D003668:Pressure Ulcer
keywords: Immobility; Nursing care; Patient repositioning; Pressure ulcer; Prevention