title: Intestinal microbiota as modulators of the immune system and neuroimmune system: impact on the host health and homeostasis.
abstract: Many immune-based intestinal disorders, such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, as well as other illnesses, may have the intestines as an initial cause or aggravator in the development of diseases, even apparently not correlating directly to the intestine. Diabetes, obesity, multiple sclerosis, depression, and anxiety are examples of other illnesses discussed in the literature. In parallel, importance of the gut microbiota in intestinal homeostasis and immunologic conflict between tolerance towards commensal microorganisms and combat of pathogens is well known. Recent researches show that the immune system, when altered by the gut microbiota, influences the state in which these diseases are presented in the patient directly and indirectly. At the present moment, a considerable number of investigations about this subject have been performed and published. However, due to difficulties on correlating information, several speculations and hypotheses are generated. Thus, the present review aims at bringing together how these interactions work-gut microbiota, immune system, and their influence in the neuroimmune system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Magno da Costa
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Maranduba
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sandra Bertelli Ribeiro
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: De Castro
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gustavo Torres
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristiano
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1124-0520
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rossato
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco Carlos
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: da Guia
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Anete Santana
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Valente
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Vitor Paes
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Rettore
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Claudinéia Pereira
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Maranduba
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila Maurmann
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antônio Márcio Resende
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: do Carmo
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gilson Costa
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Macedo
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando de Sá
authors.initials: Fde S
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000276:immunology*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System; D009420:Nervous System; D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation; D015398:Signal Transduction