title: Post-traumatic stress disorder predicts future weight change in the Millennium Cohort Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively examine the association between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and weight change.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal analysis techniques were used to examine data (2001-2008) from Millennium Cohort Study participants, consisting of U.S. service members and veterans. Using the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version, PTSD was assessed as none, resolved, new onset, or persistent. Subsequent weight change was assessed as stable (≤3% loss or gain), >3% weight loss, >3% but <10% weight gain, and ≥10% weight gain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 38,352 participants, 2391 (6.2%) had PTSD (838 resolved, 1024 new onset, and 529 persistent), and 11% of participants subsequently had ≥10% weight gain. In multivariable models, PTSD was associated with higher odds of ≥10% weight gain (new onset OR: 1.44 [95% CI: 1.20-1.73]; persistent OR: 1.51 [CI: 1.17-1.96]; resolved OR: 1.30 [CI: 1.05-1.60]) compared with those without PTSD. New-onset and persistent PTSD were also associated with higher odds of >3% weight loss (OR: 1.41 [CI: 1.17-1.71]; OR: 1.42 [CI: 1.09-1.86], respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PTSD is independently associated with a higher risk of weight gain and loss, the former of which leads to a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity and a higher risk of comorbidities associated with excessive body adiposity.
authors.affiliation: Deployment Health Research Department, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: Cynthia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: LeardMann
authors.forename: Kelly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Woodall
authors.forename: Alyson J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Littman
authors.forename: Isabel G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Boyko
authors.forename: Besa
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Timothy S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: Nancy F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Crum-Cianflone
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014481:United States; D014728:Veterans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015430:Weight Gain