title: Heparin-engineered mesoporous iron metal-organic framework nanoparticles: toward stealth drug nanocarriers.
abstract: The specific modification of the outer surface of the promising porous metal-organic framework nanocarriers (nanoMOFs) preserving their characteristic porosity is still a major challenge. Here a simple, fast, and biofriendly method for the external functionalization of the benchmarked mesoporous iron(III) trimesate nanoparticles MIL-100(Fe) with heparin, a biopolymer associated with longer-blood circulation times is reported. First, the coated nanoparticles showed intact crystalline structure and porosity with improved colloidal stability under simulated physiological conditions, preserving in addition its encapsulation and controlled release capacities. The effect of the heparin coating on the nanoMOF interactions with the biological environment is evaluated through cell uptake, cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, cytokine production, complement activation, and protein adsorption analysis. These results confirmed that the heparin coating endowed the nanoMOFs with improved biological properties, such as reduced cell recognition, lack of complement activation, and reactive oxygen species production. Overall, the ability to coat the surface of the nanoMOFs using a simple and straight-forward approach could be taken as a way to enhance the versatility and, thus, the potential of porous MOF nanoparticles in biomedicine.
authors.affiliation: Institut Lavoisier, UMR CNRS 8180, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 45 Av. des Etats-Unis, 78035, Versailles cedex, France.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bellido
authors.affiliation: Institut Lavoisier, UMR CNRS 8180, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 45 Av. des Etats-Unis, 78035, Versailles cedex, France.
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hidalgo
authors.affiliation: Institut Lavoisier, UMR CNRS 8180, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 45 Av. des Etats-Unis, 78035, Versailles cedex, France.
authors.forename: Maria Victoria
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Lozano
authors.affiliation: Institut Lavoisier, UMR CNRS 8180, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 45 Av. des Etats-Unis, 78035, Versailles cedex, France.
authors.forename: Mazheva
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guillevic
authors.affiliation: Immunology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO) and Institute of Biomedical Research of Vigo (IBIV), Universidad de Vigo, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Simón-Vázquez
authors.affiliation: Nanobiofar. Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Av. Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Santander-Ortega
authors.affiliation: Immunology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO) and Institute of Biomedical Research of Vigo (IBIV), Universidad de Vigo, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
authors.forename: África
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: González-Fernández
authors.affiliation: Institut Lavoisier, UMR CNRS 8180, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 45 Av. des Etats-Unis, 78035, Versailles cedex, France.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Serre
authors.affiliation: Nanobiofar. Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Av. Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.affiliation: Institut Lavoisier, UMR CNRS 8180, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 45 Av. des Etats-Unis, 78035, Versailles cedex, France.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Horcajada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006493:Heparin / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D016062:Porosity; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D016207:Cytokines; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D006493:Heparin; D007501:Iron
keywords: cell uptake; heparin; metal-organic frameworks; nanoparticles; porous