title: Probabilistic ecological risk assessment of copper in Chinese offshore marine environments from 2005 to 2012.
abstract: The objective of the present study was to conduct a probabilistic assessment of risk posed by copper found in the coastal marine environment of China from 2005 to 2012. This was achieved by applying a tiered ecological risk assessment (ERA) approach for characterization of risks of concentrations of copper from nationwide marine water monitoring program. The results show that from 2005 to 2012 the overall trend of hazard quotients (HQs) in the coastal marine environment of China the proportion of locations that exceed a HQ of 1.0 decreased from 64% in 2005 to 31% in 2012. While this indicates an overall improvement of the environment, there still have potential ecological risks in the most of the area, especially for the major gulfs of Liaodong and Bohai Bays and Yellow River Estuary. In addition, probabilities of exceeding the toxicity threshold for 5% of species were 27.6%, 5.4%, 4.9%, 0.8%, 0.4%, 1.0%, 1.8% and 0.12% annually between 2005 and 2012, respectively.
authors.affiliation: China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing 100012, China. Electronic address: yeyaowang@163.com.
authors.forename: Yeyao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Lingsong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Zhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China. Electronic address: wangzj@rcees.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Zijian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Department of Zoology, and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Department of Biology and Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Giesy
authors.affiliation: The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D061006:Bays; D002681:China; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis*; D004463:Ecology; D004777:Environment; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D063366:Estuaries; D018570:Risk Assessment; D045483:Rivers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D003300:Copper
keywords: Asia; Hazard quotient; Probabilistic ecological risk assessment; Species sensitivity distribution