title: Sorting of Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes According to Their Outer Wall Electronic Type via a Gel Permeation Method.
abstract: In this work, we demonstrate the application of the gel permeation technique to the sorting of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) according to their outer wall electronic type. Our method uses Sephacryl S-200 gel and yields sorted fractions of DWCNTs with impurities removed and highly enriched in nanotubes with either metallic (M) or semiconducting (S) outer walls. The prepared fractions are fully characterized using optical absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy, and the entire procedure is monitored in real time using process Raman analysis. The sorted DWCNTs are then integrated into single nanotube field effect transistors, allowing detailed electronic measurement of the transconductance properties of the four unique inner@outer wall combinations of S@S, S@M, M@S, and M@M.
authors.affiliation: †Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia.|‡Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Katherine E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: ‡Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.|§Institute for Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
authors.forename: Moritz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pfohl
authors.affiliation: †Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia.|‡Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniel D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Tune
authors.affiliation: ‡Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hennrich
authors.affiliation: ‡Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dehm
authors.affiliation: ‡Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.|⊥Helmholtz Institute Ulm Electrochemical Energy Storage, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Venkata Sai K
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Chakradhanula
authors.affiliation: ‡Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.|⊥Helmholtz Institute Ulm Electrochemical Energy Storage, 89081 Ulm, Germany.|∥Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kübel
authors.affiliation: ‡Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.|§Institute for Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krupke
authors.affiliation: ‡Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Benjamin S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Flavel
keywords: Sephacryl gel; carbon nanotube; double; electronic character; purification; separation; sorting