title: Effects of er-miao-san extracts on TNF-alpha-induced MMP-1 expression in human dermal fibroblasts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Various health benefits have been attributed to Er-Miao-San (EMS), a traditional Chinese herbal formulation that contains equal amounts of cortex phellodendri (Phellodendron amurense Ruprecht) and rhizoma atractylodis (Atractylodes lancea D.C). However, its effect on the anti-inflammatory activity in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and the mechanism underlying this effect are unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study investigated the effects of EMS on TNF-α-induced MMP-1 expression in HDFs. Our data show that EMS inhibited TNF-α-induced MMP-1 expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Interestingly, EMS maintained IκB content without inhibiting the phosphorylation of MAPKs, which are well-established upstream kinases of NF-κB. Moreover, EMS reduced the level of nuclear p65 protein in HDFs. Luciferase assay revealed that EMS inhibits the transcriptional activity of NF-κB by stabilizing IκB. Our results show that EMS exerts its anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting NF-κB-regulated genes such as IL-1β and IL-8. Moreover, EMS effectively inhibited TNF-α-induced expression of MMP-1 via the NF-κB pathway.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, our data suggest that EMS could potentially be used as an anti-inflammatory and anti-aging treatment.
authors.forename: Seunghee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Younjung
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Yeong Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Shunhua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000187:drug effects*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D020405:Dermis / Q000166:cytology*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000187:drug effects; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016209:Interleukin-8; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C000596535:er-miao-san; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1