title: Effects of parenting role and parent-child interaction on infant motor development in Taiwan Birth Cohort Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have rarely focused on healthy infants' motor development, and nationwide birth cohort studies in Taiwan are limited. It has been shown that parent-child interactions significantly influence infant motor development and the effect of mother-infant attachment on infant development is stronger than father-infant attachment. However, it is not well understood that whether the mother-infant or father-infant interaction has the confounding effect on infant motor development.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To understand healthy infant motor development in Taiwan; and to investigate the effects of parenting roles and parent-child interactions on infant motor development.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were derived from the 1st through the 2nd waves of the Taiwan Birth Cohort Study-Pilot Database. Infants were classified into two categories (complete or incomplete development) according to their developmental milestones. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) and random effects models were used to clarify the possible long-term effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of infants who completed development in 6 months was 30.50%; however the rate was increased in 18 month-old children (80.01%). A mother's perceived infant care competence was the most important factor for infant motor development. "Whether or not the infant was the only baby in the family" and "parent-child interaction" had slightly significant effect on infant motor development.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, the mother's perceived competence must be strengthened and parent-infant interactions should be emphasized on a daily basis.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Tai-Chung, Taiwan; Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Tai-Chung, Taiwan. Electronic address: jyj@csmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Yi-Chen
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Tai-Chung, Taiwan. Electronic address: opuvrrj@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Dai-Chan
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Business Administration, College of Management, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: d96741005@ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chun-Yang
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Health, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan. Electronic address: mcl@csmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Meng-Chih
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002657:Child Development; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills; D009068:Movement; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D013624:Taiwan
keywords: Infant; Motor development; Parenting; Parent–child interaction