title: The influence of familial predisposition to cardiovascular complications upon childhood obesity treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim was to investigate whether a familial predisposition to obesity related cardiovascular complications was associated with the degree of obesity at baseline and/or changes in the degree of obesity during a multidisciplinary childhood obesity treatment program.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 1421 obese children (634 boys) with a median age of 11.5 years (range 3.1-17.9 years), enrolled in treatment for 0.04 to 5.90 years (median 1.3 years) at the Children's Obesity Clinic, Denmark. At baseline, weight and height were measured, body mass index (BMI) standard deviation score (SDS) calculated, and self-reported information on familial predisposition to obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), thromboembolic events, and dyslipidaemia were obtained. A familial predisposition included events in biological parents, siblings, grandparents, uncles, and aunts. The treatment outcomes were categorically analysed according to the prevalence of familial predispositions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median BMI SDS at enrollment was 3.2 in boys and 2.8 in girls. One-thousand-and-forty-one children had obesity in their family, 773 had hypertension, 551 had T2DM, 568 had thromboembolic events, and 583 had dyslipidaemia. Altogether, 733 had three or more predispositions. At baseline, familial T2DM was associated with a higher mean BMI SDS (p = 0.03), but no associations were found between the other predispositions and the children's degree of obesity. During treatment, girls with familial obesity lost more weight, compared to girls without familial obesity (p = 0.04). No other familial predispositions were associated with changes in BMI SDS during treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obese children with a familial predisposition to T2DM showed a significantly higher degree of obesity at baseline and girls with familial obesity responded better to treatment. Besides these findings, no other associations were found between the occurrence of familial predispositions and the degree of obesity or changes herein during multidisciplinary childhood obesity treatment.
authors.affiliation: The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, DK 4300, Holbæk, Denmark.
authors.forename: Louise A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.affiliation: The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, DK 4300, Holbæk, Denmark.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bøjsøe
authors.affiliation: The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, DK 4300, Holbæk, Denmark; Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, DK 2730, Herlev, Denmark.
authors.forename: Julie T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Kloppenborg
authors.affiliation: The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, DK 4300, Holbæk, Denmark; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Cæcilie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trier
authors.affiliation: Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, DK 2000, Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gamborg
authors.affiliation: The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, DK 4300, Holbæk, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, DK 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jens-Christian
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Holm
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome