title: Serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among patients with coronary artery disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is an important chemokine at multiple phases of atherosclerosis in animals, but human studies are few and inconsistent. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of serum MCP-1 with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and determine whether this biomarker can add secondary prognostic value to standard risk predictors.
  
  
  METHODS
  MCP-1 was measured at baseline in 1411 CAD patients who were 40-85 years of age. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association of MCP-1 levels with death risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a median follow-up of 3.3 years, 117 deaths were recorded, 88 of which were due to CVD. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios across tertiles of MCP-1 were 1.51 (95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.89-2.58), 1.00, and 2.11 (95% CI 1.31-3.40) for all-cause mortality, and 1.50 (95% CI 0.80-2.81), 1.00, and 2.21 (95% CI 1.27-3.87) for CVD mortality. The addition of serum MCP-1 to the fully adjusted model increased the C-index by 0.009 (p<0.0001) for all-cause mortality and 0.008 (p<0.0001) for CVD mortality and significantly improved the predictive ability by 12.1% (P = 0.006) on all-cause mortality and 12.6% (P = 0.003) on CVD mortality using the net reclassification improvement method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both lower and higher MCP-1 levels are associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality among CAD patients. More research is needed to confirm its clinical relevance.
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ding
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Dongfang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Xinrui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Zhongxia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America.
authors.forename: Yujie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of People's Liberation Army, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of People's Liberation Army, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Puqing
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of People's Liberation Army, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Pi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Wenhua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ling
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2