title: Granular cell tumors and congenital granular cell epulis in children: Similar entities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Granular cell tumor (GCT) is an unusual lesion thought to originate from Schwann cells. Congenital granular cell epulis (CGCE) is a rare fibroma-like lesion arising from the alveolar ridge in newborns. These entities have been described as distinct entities.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was performed of children with a histopathologic diagnosis of GCT or CGCE from 1991-2014. Data were recorded and analyzed. All values reported as the mean±standard deviation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GCT or CGCE was identified in 41 patients with a mean age of 7.8±6.1years. Thirty-one patients had GCT, and 10 had CGCE. All patients underwent excisional biopsy, except 1 who underwent incisional biopsy only. Fifteen patients had positive margins after excision (12 GCT and 3 CGCE). Only 1 had a local recurrence, and this same patient had multifocal GCT. Only 1 patient had an invasive lesion without recurrence after wide local excision. All patients survived, with a median follow-up of 42.5months (0.2-204.2months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In children, both GCT and CGCE exhibit benign behavior, and complete excision does not appear to be mandatory, as recurrence or invasive disease is rare. When invasive features are present, wide local excision should be undertaken.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alemayehu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Polites
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kats
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Ishitani
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Moir
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA. Electronic address: ciqbal@cmh.edu.
authors.forename: Corey W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Iqbal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001706:Biopsy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005887:Gingival Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016586:Granular Cell Tumor / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Children; Congenital granular cell epulis; Granular cell tumor; Pediatric