title: Effect of laying sequence on egg mercury in captive zebra finches: an interpretation considering individual variation.
abstract: Bird eggs are used widely as noninvasive bioindicators for environmental mercury availability. Previous studies, however, have found varying relationships between laying sequence and egg mercury concentrations. Some studies have reported that the mercury concentration was higher in first-laid eggs or declined across the laying sequence, whereas in other studies mercury concentration was not related to egg order. Approximately 300 eggs (61 clutches) were collected from captive zebra finches dosed throughout their reproductive lives with methylmercury (0.3 μg/g, 0.6 μg/g, 1.2 μg/g, or 2.4 μg/g wet wt in diet); the total mercury concentration (mean ± standard deviation [SD] dry wt basis) of their eggs was 7.03 ± 1.38 μg/g, 14.15 ± 2.52 μg/g, 26.85 ± 5.85 μg/g, and 49.76 ± 10.37 μg/g, respectively (equivalent to fresh wt egg mercury concentrations of 1.24 μg/g, 2.50 μg/g, 4.74 μg/g, and 8.79 μg/g). The authors observed a significant decrease in the mercury concentration of successive eggs when compared with the first egg and notable variation between clutches within treatments. The mercury level of individual females within and among treatments did not alter this relationship. Based on the results, sampling of a single egg in each clutch from any position in the laying sequence is sufficient for purposes of population risk assessment, but it is not recommended as a proxy for individual female exposure or as an estimate of average mercury level within the clutch.
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Laboratory of Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.|Institute for Integrative Bird Behavior Studies, Department of Biology, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Langbo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, Colorado State University-Pueblo, Pueblo, Colorado, USA.
authors.forename: Claire W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Varian-Ramos
authors.affiliation: Institute for Integrative Bird Behavior Studies, Department of Biology, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cristol
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D046369:Finches / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D008767:Methylmercury Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D010063:Ovum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic
chemical_list: D008767:Methylmercury Compounds
keywords: Egg; Individual variation; Intraclutch variation; Laying sequence; Mercury