title: Injury history, sex, and performance on the functional movement screen and Y balance test.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Research is limited regarding the effects of injury or surgery history and sex on the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) and Y Balance Test (YBT).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine if injury or surgery history or sex affected results on the FMS and YBT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Athletic training facilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 200 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female (n = 92; age = 20.0 ± 1.4 years, body mass index = 22.8 ± 3.1 kg/m(2)) and male (n = 108; age = 20.0 ± 1.5 years, body mass index = 27.0 ± 4.6 kg/m(2)) athletes were screened; 170 completed the FMS, and 190 completed the YBT.
  
  
  METHODS
  A self-reported questionnaire identified injury or surgery history and sex. The FMS assessed movement during the patterns of deep squat, hurdle step, in-line lunge, shoulder mobility, impingement-clearing test, straight-leg raise, trunk stability push-up, press-up clearing test, rotary stability, and posterior-rocking clearing test. The YBT assessed balance while participants reached in anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The FMS composite score (CS; range, 0-21) and movement pattern score (range, 0-3), the YBT CS (% lower extremity length), and YBT anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral asymmetry (difference between limbs in centimeters). Independent-samples t tests established differences in mean FMS CS, YBT CS, and YBT asymmetry. The Mann-Whitney U test identified differences in FMS movement patterns.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found lower overall FMS CSs for the following injuries or surgeries: hip (injured = 12.7 ± 3.1, uninjured = 14.4 ± 2.3; P = .005), elbow (injured = 12.1 ± 2.8, uninjured = 14.3 ± 2.4; P = .02), and hand (injured = 12.3 ± 2.9, uninjured = 14.3 ± 2.3; P = .006) injuries and shoulder surgery (surgery = 12.0 ± 1.0, no surgery = 14.3 ± 2.4; P < .001). We observed worse FMS movement pattern performance for knee surgery (rotary stability: P = .03), hip injury (deep squat and hurdle: P < .042 for both), hip surgery (hurdle and lunge: P < .01 for both), shoulder injury (shoulder and hand injury: P < .02 for both), and shoulder surgery (shoulder: P < .02). We found better FMS movement pattern performance for trunk/back injury (deep squat: P = .02) and ankle injury (lunge: P = .01). Female athletes performed worse in FMS movement patterns for trunk (P < .001) and rotary (P = .01) stability but better in the lunge (P = .008), shoulder mobility (P < .001), and straight-leg raise (P < .001). Anterior asymmetry was greater for male athletes (P = .02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Injury history and sex affected FMS and YBT performance. Researchers should consider adjusting for confounders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Athletic Training, Daemen College, Amherst, NY;
authors.forename: Nicole J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Chimera
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Meghan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Warren
mesh_terms: D056352:Athletes; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012782:Shoulder / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: athletic injuries; sex differences; surgery history