title: [A brief history of resuscitation - the influence of previous experience on modern techniques and methods].
abstract: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is relatively novel branch of medical science, however first descriptions of mouth-to-mouth ventilation are to be found in the Bible and literature is full of descriptions of different resuscitation methods - from flagellation and ventilation with bellows through hanging the victims upside down and compressing the chest in order to stimulate ventilation to rectal fumigation with tobacco smoke. The modern history of CPR starts with Kouwenhoven et al. who in 1960 published a paper regarding heart massage through chest compressions. Shortly after that in 1961Peter Safar presented a paradigm promoting opening the airway, performing rescue breaths and chest compressions. First CPR guidelines were published in 1966. Since that time guidelines were modified and improved numerously by two leading world expert organizations ERC (European Resuscitation Council) and AHA (American Heart Association) and published in a new version every 5 years. Currently 2010 guidelines should be obliged. In this paper authors made an attempt to present history of development of resuscitation techniques and methods and assess the influence of previous lifesaving methods on nowadays technologies, equipment and guidelines which allow to help those women and men whose life is in danger due to sudden cardiac arrest.
authors.affiliation: Chair and Department of Trauma Surgery and Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kucmin
authors.affiliation: Chair and Department of Trauma Surgery and Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Płowaś-Goral
authors.affiliation: Chair and Department of Trauma Surgery and Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nogalski
mesh_terms: D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000266:history* / Q000592:standards; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000266:history / Q000592:standards; D005060:Europe; D006336:Heart Massage / Q000266:history; D049669:History, 16th Century; D049670:History, 17th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D049690:History, Ancient; D006801:Humans; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000266:history / Q000592:standards; D014481:United States
keywords: cardiopulmonary resuscitation; defibrillation; history