title: Electrodeposition of ZnO window layer for an all-atmospheric fabrication process of chalcogenide solar cell.
abstract: This paper presents the low cost electrodeposition of a transparent and conductive chlorine doped ZnO layer with performances comparable to that produced by standard vacuum processes. First, an in-depth study of the defect physics by ab-initio calculation shows that chlorine is one of the best candidates to dope the ZnO. This result is experimentally confirmed by a complete optical analysis of the ZnO layer deposited in a chloride rich solution. We demonstrate that high doping levels (>10(20) cm(-3)) and mobilities (up to 20 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1)) can be reached by insertion of chlorine in the lattice. The process developed in this study has been applied on a CdS/Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 p-n junction produced in a pilot line by a non vacuum process, to be tested as solar cell front contact deposition method. As a result efficiency of 14.3% has been reached opening the way of atmospheric production of Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 solar cell.
authors.affiliation: 1] EDF R&D, 6 quai Watier, 78400 Chatou Cedex, France [2] IRDEP, Institute of Research and Development on Photovoltaic Energy, UMR 7174 CNRS EDF Chimie ParisTech, 6 quai Watier, 78400 Chatou Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Fabien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tsin
authors.affiliation: 1] CNRS, 6 quai Watier, 78400 Chatou Cedex, France [2] IRDEP, Institute of Research and Development on Photovoltaic Energy, UMR 7174 CNRS EDF Chimie ParisTech, 6 quai Watier, 78400 Chatou Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Amélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Venerosy
authors.affiliation: 1] EDF R&D, 6 quai Watier, 78400 Chatou Cedex, France [2] IRDEP, Institute of Research and Development on Photovoltaic Energy, UMR 7174 CNRS EDF Chimie ParisTech, 6 quai Watier, 78400 Chatou Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.affiliation: LPN, Laboratoire for Photonics and Nanostructures, UPR 20 CNRS, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Collin
authors.affiliation: 1] EDF R&D, 6 quai Watier, 78400 Chatou Cedex, France [2] IRDEP, Institute of Research and Development on Photovoltaic Energy, UMR 7174 CNRS EDF Chimie ParisTech, 6 quai Watier, 78400 Chatou Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Johnny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Clatot
authors.affiliation: 1] CNRS, 6 quai Watier, 78400 Chatou Cedex, France [2] IRDEP, Institute of Research and Development on Photovoltaic Energy, UMR 7174 CNRS EDF Chimie ParisTech, 6 quai Watier, 78400 Chatou Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lombez
authors.affiliation: 1] EDF R&D, 6 quai Watier, 78400 Chatou Cedex, France [2] IRDEP, Institute of Research and Development on Photovoltaic Energy, UMR 7174 CNRS EDF Chimie ParisTech, 6 quai Watier, 78400 Chatou Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Myriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paire
authors.affiliation: 1] CNRS, 6 quai Watier, 78400 Chatou Cedex, France [2] IRDEP, Institute of Research and Development on Photovoltaic Energy, UMR 7174 CNRS EDF Chimie ParisTech, 6 quai Watier, 78400 Chatou Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Borensztajn
authors.affiliation: NEXCIS Photovoltaic Technology, 13790 Rousset, France.
authors.forename: Cédric
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Broussillou
authors.affiliation: NEXCIS Photovoltaic Technology, 13790 Rousset, France.
authors.forename: Pierre Philippe
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Grand
authors.affiliation: NEXCIS Photovoltaic Technology, 13790 Rousset, France.
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jaime
authors.affiliation: 1] CNRS, 6 quai Watier, 78400 Chatou Cedex, France [2] IRDEP, Institute of Research and Development on Photovoltaic Energy, UMR 7174 CNRS EDF Chimie ParisTech, 6 quai Watier, 78400 Chatou Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lincot
authors.affiliation: 1] EDF R&D, 6 quai Watier, 78400 Chatou Cedex, France [2] IRDEP, Institute of Research and Development on Photovoltaic Energy, UMR 7174 CNRS EDF Chimie ParisTech, 6 quai Watier, 78400 Chatou Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rousset