title: Multidrug-Resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 was Responsible for a Cholera Outbreak in 2013 in Bagalkot, North Karnataka.
abstract: Cholera is a major cause of illness in the developing world. During the monsoon season, small sporadic clusters of cholera cases are reported on an annual basis in Karnataka, India. During the monsoons of 2013, there was a cholera outbreak in Badami, a remote area of Bagalkot district in Karnataka. The multi-drug-resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 serotype Ogawa was found to be responsible for this outbreak. On 5 August 2013, a 30-year-old woman presented with severe dehydration and watery diarrhea at the Aganwadi Health Centre in Badami. A total of 49 suspected cholera cases were reported, with an attack rate of 3.5%. The V. cholerae isolates exhibited resistance to a wide range of drugs, including ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, nitrofurantoin, carbenicillin, and third generation cephalosporins, and showed reduced susceptibility to third generation fluoroquinolones. All of the cephalosporin-resistant V. cholerae strains produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. All V. cholerae O1 isolates harbored virulent genes (ctxA, ctxB, tcpA El Tor, Tox S, VPI, ToxT, ToxR, ToxRS, ace, zot, and tcpP) and were found to be genetically similar as determined by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting assay. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a cholera outbreak in the district of Bagalkot. The resistance of V. cholerae to commonly used antimicrobial drugs is becoming a major public health concern in the region as clinicians are left with a limited choice of antibiotics for the treatment of cholera.
authors.affiliation: Regional Medical Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research, Dept of Health Research, Govt of India).
authors.forename: Debdutta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bhattacharya
authors.forename: Shuchismita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dey
authors.forename: Subarna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: Mahantesh V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Parande
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Telsang
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Seema
authors.forename: Aisha V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Parande
authors.forename: Basappa G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Mantur
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002771:Cholera / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D058889:Molecular Typing; D019105:Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; D041241:Vibrio cholerae O1 / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D037521:Virulence Factors; D001618:beta-Lactamases