title: Fracture Strength of Implant-Supported Ceramic Crowns with Customized Zirconia Abutments: Screw Retained vs. Cement Retained.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the fracture resistance before and after cyclic fatigue assays of ceramic crowns with customized zirconia abutments when screw retained and cemented onto implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample of this study consisted of 40 ceramic crowns with zirconia infrastructure fixed onto external hexagonal implants. The crowns were distributed into two groups (n = 20): Screw-retained and cemented crowns. Half the crowns of each group (n = 10) underwent compression until fracture and the other half (n = 10) underwent cyclic fatigue and subsequent compression until fracture. The cyclic fatigue test was carried out using an electromechanical fatigue device (loads from 0 to 100 N, 2 Hz frequency, in distilled water, at 37 °C for a period of 1 million cycles). The compression test was carried out using a universal testing machine with a 0.5 mm/min speed and 5 KN load cell. After fracture, the crowns were classified according to the type of fracture. Student's t test (p < 0.05) was used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cyclic fatigue altered neither the mean fracture resistance of the screw-retained crowns (before = 1068.31 N, after = 891.49 N; p > 0.05) nor that of the cemented crowns (before = 2117.78 N; after = 2094.81 N; p > 0.05); however, the mean fracture resistance of the cemented crowns was higher than that of the screw-retained crowns both before (p < 0.001) and after (p < 0.001) the cyclic fatigue. Fractures occurred most frequently in the ceramic veneer, followed by fracture of some of the copings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ceramic crowns cemented onto the customized zirconia abutments offered greater fracture resistance than ceramic crowns with customized zirconia abutments screw retained onto implants. The cyclic fatigue did not seem to influence the fracture resistance of these crowns, whether cemented or screw retained onto implants. Fracture of the veneering ceramic was the predominant failure in this study.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lorenna Bastos Lima Verde
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carmem Dolores Vilarinho Soares
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Moura
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, University of São Paulo-Bauru (SP), Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Eduardo
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Francischone
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valdimar Silva
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Valente
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Suyá Moura Mendes
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Alencar
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Walter Leal
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Moura
authors.affiliation: Dental Surgeon.
authors.forename: Gregorio Antonio
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Soares Martins
mesh_terms: D001863:Bone Screws; D002516:Ceramics; D003442:Crowns; D000044:Dental Abutments; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D008422:Materials Testing; D015040:Zirconium
chemical_list: D003776:Dental Porcelain; D015040:Zirconium
keywords: Dental implants; ceramic crowns; fatigue; zirconium oxide