title: One-year neurodevelopmental outcome of very and late preterm infants: Risk factors and correlation with maternal stress.
abstract: Although "late preterm" (LP) newborns (33-36 weeks of gestational age) represent more than 70% of all preterm labors, little is known about the relation between certain risk factors and developmental outcomes in LP compared to "very preterm" (≤32 weeks) children (VP). This study investigates: (1) LP and VP infants' development at 12 months of corrected age (CA) using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development - 3rd Edition (BSID-III); (2) correlation between BSID-III performances and maternal stress (using Parenting Stress Index-Short Form, PSI-SF) among LP and VP at 12 months CA; and (3) the link between known neonatal and demographic risk factors and developmental outcomes of LP and VP infants. For both LP and VP infants the Mean Cognitive (LP: 102.69±7.68; VP: 103.63±10.68), Language (LP: 96.23±10.08; VP: 99.10±10.37) and Motor (LP: 91.11±10.33; VP: 93.85±10.17) composite scores were in the normal range, without significant differences between the groups. Correlations between PSI-SF and BSID-III showed that in the VP group (but not LP), Language score was negatively related to the PSI-SF 'Difficult Child' scale (r=-.34, p<.05). Regression models revealed that cognitive performance was significantly predicted by physical therapy in LP and by cesarean section in VP infants. For VP only maternal education and length of stay predicted Language score, whereas physical therapy predicted Motor score. Results of the study underline the importance of considering cognitive, language and motor developments separately when assessing a preterm child's development. Prediction models of developmental performance confirm the influence of some known neonatal risk factors and indicate the need for further research on the role of sociodemographic risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience and Neuro-rehabilitation, Unit of Clinical Psychology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: mariafranca.coletti@opbg.net.
authors.forename: Maria Franca
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Coletti
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: barbara.caravale@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Caravale
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: corinna.gasparini@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: Corinna
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gasparini
authors.affiliation: LAZIOSANITÀ, Agenzia di Sanità Pubblica, ASP, Via di S. Costanza, 53, 00198 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: franco@asplazio.it.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatal Medicine and Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: francesca.campi@opbg.net.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Campi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatal Medicine and Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: andrea.dotta@opbg.net.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dotta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D002657:Child Development; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D062071:Infant, Extremely Premature / Q000523:psychology*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000523:psychology*; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000523:psychology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D009420:Nervous System / Q000254:growth & development*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Bayley III; Child development; Late preterm; Maternal stress