title: Neighborhood Social Environment and Patterns of Depressive Symptoms Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
abstract: This study sought to examine whether neighborhood social environment was related to patterns of depressive symptoms among primary care patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Neighborhood social environment was assessed in 179 patients with type 2 DM. Individual patient residential data at baseline was geo-coded at the tract level and was merged with measures of neighborhood social environment. Depressive symptoms at baseline and at 12-week follow up were assessed using the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Patients in neighborhoods with high social affluence, high residential stability, and high neighborhood advantage were much less likely to have a persistent pattern of depressive symptoms compared to a pattern of few or no depressive symptoms (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.06, 95 % confidence interval (CI) [0.01, 0.36]). Detrimental neighborhood influences may amplify risk for persistent depressive symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.|Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Heather F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: de Vries McClintock
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Douglas J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Wiebe
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. hillary.bogner@uphs.upenn.edu.|Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. hillary.bogner@uphs.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Hillary R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Bogner
mesh_terms: D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012931:Social Environment
keywords: Depression; Environment; Primary health care; Social environment; Type 2 diabetes