title: Effects of a High-Protein/Low-Carbohydrate versus a Standard Hypocaloric Diet on Weight and Cardiovascular Risk Factors during 9 Months: Role of a Genetic Variation in the Cannabinoid Receptor Gene (CNR1) (G1359A Polymorphism).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We decided to investigate the role of this polymorphism on cardiovascular risk factors and weight loss secondary to a high-protein/low-carbohydrate vs. a standard hypocaloric diet (1,000 kcal/day) over a period of 9 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  A nutritional evaluation was performed at the beginning and at the end of a 9-month period in which subjects received 1 of 2 diets (diet HP: high protein/low carbohydrate vs. S: standard diet).
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and four patients (54.7%) had the genotype G1359G and 86 (45.3%) patients had G1359A (77 patients, 25.8%) or A1359A (9 patients, 3.7%) (A-allele-carriers). In subjects with both genotypes, the body mass index, weight, fat mass, waist circumference and systolic blood pressures decreased with both diets. After the diet type HP and in subjects with both genotypes, the glucose, leptin, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, insulin and HOMA-R levels decreased. After diet S and in all subjects, the total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and leptin levels decreased, too.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our interventional study didn't show a relationship between the rs1049353 CNR-1 polymorphism and body weight response after two different hypocaloric (low carbohydrate/high protein vs. standard) diets over a period of 9 months. However, a low-carbohydrate/high-protein diet for 9 months improved glucose metabolism in subjects with both genotypes.
authors.forename: Daniel Antonio
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: de Luis
authors.forename: Rocío
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aller
authors.forename: Olatz
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Izaola
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Díaz Soto
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: López Gómez
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gómez Hoyos
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Villar
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Romero
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000235:genetics*; D004032:Diet; D050528:Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; C571130:CNR1 protein, human; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1