title: Intraoperative 3-dimensional imaging of scaphoid fracture reduction and fixation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We examined the clinical benefit of two intraoperative three-dimensional imaging modalities for reduction and fixation of scaphoid fractures.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our hypothesis was that three dimensional imaging will aid in operative care in comparison with standard fluoroscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 25 consecutive patients treated for fractures, after satisfactory reduction and fixation was obtained with a single Kirschner wire using fluoroscopy, intraoperative three-dimensional visualization was performed. The quality of fracture reduction, wire position and extrusion of the wire were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In two of the 25 cases, after three-dimensional visualization, malreduction of the fracture was seen and the reduction revised. Artifact and the dependency on technologist performance, limited the use of these modalities to locate the wire accurately.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diagnosis of malreduction of a scaphoid fracture is possible with 3-dimensional modalities. Utilization of these systems is still limited by technical factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Kiryat Hadassah, POB 12000, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel. Electronic address: shail@hadassah.org.il.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Luria
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Kiryat Hadassah, POB 12000, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Safran
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Kiryat Hadassah, POB 12000, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Kiryat Hadassah, POB 12000, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mosheiff
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Kiryat Hadassah, POB 12000, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liebergall
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008297:Male; D021361:Scaphoid Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: Internal fixation; Intraoperative imaging; Scaphoid fracture; Wrist