title: Skin Necrosis from Intra-articular Hyaluronic Acid Injection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tissue necrosis is a rare yet potentially serious complication of intra-articular (IA) hyaluronic acid (HA) injections for treatment of knee osteoarthritis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To report a case of a patient with cutaneous necrosis after IA HA injection for treatment of knee osteoarthritis, presenting as a livedoid violaceous patch on the right knee.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a case of cutaneous necrosis as a rare complication of IA HA injection for treatment of knee osteoarthritis. A literature review was undertaken of similar cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Use of HA IA injections in the treatment of osteoarthritis can result in similar skin necrosis at uncommon anatomic locations corresponding to the site of HA injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although tissue necrosis is a rare complication, physicians need to be aware of this possibility as a complication of HA IA injections in the treatment of osteoarthritis and should be mindful of potential treatment options to manage this adverse event.
authors.affiliation: Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ONDivision of Dermatology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ONDepartment of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON whan.kim@medportal.ca.
authors.forename: Whan B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ONDivision of Dermatology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ONDepartment of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.
authors.forename: Raed O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Alhusayen
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000188:drug therapy; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D006820:Hyaluronic Acid