title: Modulatory Effects of Chrysanyhemi Flos Pharmacopuncture on Nitric-oxide (NO) Production in Murin Macrophagy Cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Much evidence exists that herbs have effective immunomodulatory activities. Chrysanthemi Flos (CF) is effective in clearing heat, reducing inflammation, dropping blood pressure and treating headache and is used as a pharmaceutical raw material for an immune enhancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the modulatory effect of Chrysanthemi Flos pharmacopuncture on nitric-oxide (NO) production in activating macrophages.
  
  
  METHODS
  After a murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7, was cultured in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), immune-modulating abilities of CF were evaluated by using NO, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production and phagocytic activity of macrophages.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CF enhanced the activities of macrophages by increasing the phagocytic activity and decreasing NO production. Especially, both LPS and CF, 200 ㎍/ml, treatment could significantly reduce the NO production, but did not change the production of IL-6 and TNF-α.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that CF may be of immunomodulatory value, especially for adverse diseases due to increased NO production. It may have potential for use as immunoenhancing pharmacopuncture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Daegu Haany University College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Hwa-Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Daegu Haany University College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Jong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Daegu Haany University College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Yun-Kyu
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Daegu Haany University College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Daegu Haany University College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: CF; RAW 264.7; herb; immunomodulatory; macrophage; nitric-oxide(NO)