title: Evaluation of hemagglutination activity of chitosan nanoparticles using human erythrocytes.
abstract: Chitosan is a polysaccharide composed of randomly distributed chains of β-(1-4) D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. This compound is obtained by partial or total deacetylation of chitin in acidic solution. The chitosan-based hemostatic agents have been gaining much attention in the management of bleeding. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro hemagglutination activity of chitosan nanoparticles using human erythrocytes. The preparation of nanoparticles was achieved by ionotropic gelification technique followed by neutralization with NaOH 1 mol/L(-1). The hemagglutination activity was performed on a solution of 2% erythrocytes (pH 7.4 on PBS) collected from five healthy volunteers. The hemolysis determination was made by spectrophotometric analysis. Chitosan nanoparticle solutions without NaOH addition changed the reddish colour of the wells into brown, suggesting an oxidative reaction of hemoglobin and possible cell lysis. All neutralized solutions of chitosan nanoparticles presented positive haemagglutination, without any change in reaction color. Chitosan nanoparticles presented hemolytic activity ranging from 186.20 to 223.12%, while neutralized solutions ranged from 2.56 to 72.54%, comparing to distilled water. Results highlight the need for development of new routes of synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles within human physiologic pH.
authors.affiliation: 7 Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Imunologia Humana (GEPIH), Escola Tecnica de Saúde da UFPB, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jefferson Muniz
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: de Lima
authors.affiliation: 7 Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Imunologia Humana (GEPIH), Escola Tecnica de Saúde da UFPB, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ronaldo Rodrigues
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Sarmento
authors.affiliation: 7 Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Imunologia Humana (GEPIH), Escola Tecnica de Saúde da UFPB, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil ; Departamento de Fisiologia e Patologia, Centro de Ciencias da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
authors.forename: Joelma Rodrigues
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM/FIOCRUZ) e Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keio Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fábio André
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Brayner
authors.affiliation: Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM/FIOCRUZ) e Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keio Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula Sampaio
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Feitosa
authors.affiliation: Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM/FIOCRUZ) e Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keio Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Padilha
authors.affiliation: Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM/FIOCRUZ) e Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keio Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Carlos
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
authors.forename: Isaque Jerônimo
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Porto
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Biomateriais, NEPBIO, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberta Ferreti Bonan Dantas
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Batista
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliano Elvis
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eliton Souto
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: de Medeiros
authors.affiliation: 7 Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Imunologia Humana (GEPIH), Escola Tecnica de Saúde da UFPB, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil ; Departamento de Odontologia Clínica e Social, Centro de Ciencias da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Rogério Ferreti
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Bonan
authors.affiliation: 7 Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Imunologia Humana (GEPIH), Escola Tecnica de Saúde da UFPB, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lúcio Roberto
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Castellano
mesh_terms: D000117:Acetylglucosamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002686:Chitin / Q000378:metabolism; D048271:Chitosan / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006384:Hemagglutination / Q000187:drug effects*; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010316:Particle Size; D012996:Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D012996:Solutions; D002686:Chitin; D048271:Chitosan; D000117:Acetylglucosamine