title: Application of a combined three-stage system for reclamation of tunnel construction wastewater.
abstract: A combined three-stage system, (1) coagulation (2) zeocarbon filtration and (3) membrane filtration, a combination of microfiltration (MF) and reverse osmosis (RO), was investigated for reclamation of tunnel construction wastewater having a salinity of 10.8-12.9‰ and a concentration of suspended solids (SS) in the range of 264-1084 mg/L. The initial stages - coagulation, zeocarbon filtration and MF - served as a precursor to RO membrane filtration to successfully reduce water contaminants to less than 0.2 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) of turbidity, thereby minimizing the potential for fouling. The RO system subsequently removed over 99% of remaining pollutants including ionic substances, resulting in less than 0.02 NTU turbidity, less than 0.04 mg/L total nitrogen (TN) and less than 0.01 mg/L total phosphorus (TP). Also, addition of an RO system markedly reduced high salt concentrations (high chloride (Cl(-)) concentrations) in the wastewater, exceeding 99% salt elimination. Thus, reclaimed water from our combined system met and exceeded currently regulatory quality standards for wastewater reuse (turbidity ≤ 2.0 NTU; TN ≤ 10 mg/L; TP ≤ 0.5 mg/L; Cl(-) ≤ 250 mg/L).
authors.affiliation: a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Hanyang University , Seoul 133-791 , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Oh
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyung Hwa
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Tae-Won
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Seong-Rin
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Seokkoo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Young Mo
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D005374:Filtration / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005427:Flocculation; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009995:Osmosis; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D054712:Salinity; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000295:instrumentation*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009584:Nitrogen; D010758:Phosphorus; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: coagulation–filtration; microfiltration membrane; reclamation; reverse osmosis membrane; tunnel construction wastewater