title: Post-ECMO chest tube placement: A propensity score-matched survival analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Severe morbidity and mortality has been reported from chest tube (CT) placement during pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) was analyzed for ECMO with CT placed <8days postcannulation (1997-2009).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 5884 patients were identified (213 CT) (56% male, 49% white), with a median (IQR) age at ECMO cannulation 7 (117)days, length of stay (LOS) 26 (35)days, and total charges (TC) 342,116 (409,573) USD. Diagnoses included congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) 16%, meconium aspiration (MA) 2%, pulmonary hypertension (PH) 13%, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) 41%, and cardiac (C) 29%. Survival was overall 57%, CDH 47%, MA 88%, PH 75%, RDS 57%, and C 52%. There were no differences in survival between CT and non-CT patients compared overall, or by diagnosis, or by age <30days, or by diagnosis and age <30days. Multivariate analysis and propensity score matching for all ages, or <30days of age by diagnosis showed no difference in survival between CT and non-CT patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Analysis of KID with correlative propensity score matching demonstrates no increased mortality in pediatric ECMO patients requiring CT placement.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery, DeWitt-Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tashiro
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery, DeWitt-Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Eduardo A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.affiliation: South Florida Pediatric Surgeons P.A., Plantation, FL, USA.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lasko
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery, DeWitt-Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA. Electronic address: jsola@med.miami.edu.
authors.forename: Juan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Sola
mesh_terms: D015505:Chest Tubes; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D065630:Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007297:Inpatients; D008297:Male; D057216:Propensity Score; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Chest tubes; Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; Outcomes research; Thoracostomy