title: Responses of Lyngbya wollei to algaecide exposures and a risk characterization associated with their use.
abstract: To make informed decisions regarding management of noxious algal growths, water resource managers require information on responses of target and non-target species to algaecide exposures. Periodic treatments of Phycomycin®-SCP (sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate) followed by Algimycin®-PWF (gluconate and citrate chelated copper) to control Lyngbya wollei growths for ten years provided an opportunity for a risk evaluation of treated coves in Lay Lake, AL. Abiotic sediment characteristics (acid soluble copper concentrations, acid volatile sulfides, percent organic matter and cation exchange capacity) and survival of Hyalella azteca and Chironomus dilutus were measured in sediment samples from treated and untreated coves to assess the bioavailability of potential copper-residuals. In laboratory studies to seek a more effective approach for managing the growth of Lyngbya, six algaecide treatments consisting of combinations of copper-based algaecides (Cutrine®-Ultra, Clearigate® and Algimycin®- PWF), a hydrogen peroxide based algaecide (Phycomycin®-SCP) and an adjuvant (Cide-Kick II) were assessed for efficacy in controlling L. wollei sampled from Lay Lake. The most efficient algaecide treatment was determined based on post-treatment algal wet weight and visual observations of responses to exposures. To estimate the margin of safety for non-target organisms, Pimephales promelas was exposed to the most efficacious treatment and a treatment of Phycomycin®-SCP followed by Algimycin®-PWF. Results from sediment experiments demonstrated that there were no measureable copper residuals and no adverse effects on H. azteca and C. dilutus from sediments following ten years of copper-based algaecide treatments. Based on the laboratory results, a treatment of Phycomycin®-SCP at 10.1 mg H2O2/L followed by Cide-Kick II at 0.2 mg/L and Algimycin®- PWF at 0.26 mg Cu/L could control the growth of Lyngbya wollei from Lay Lake, AL and enhance the margin of safety for non-target species (e.g. P. promelas).
authors.affiliation: School of Agricultural, Forest and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, 261 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0001, USA. Electronic address: AlysCal89@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Alyssa J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Calomeni
authors.affiliation: School of Agricultural, Forest and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, 261 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0001, USA.
authors.forename: Kyla J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Iwinski
authors.affiliation: School of Agricultural, Forest and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, 261 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0001, USA.
authors.forename: Ciera M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kinley
authors.affiliation: School of Agricultural, Forest and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, 261 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0001, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McQueen
authors.affiliation: School of Agricultural, Forest and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, 261 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0001, USA.
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Rodgers
mesh_terms: D033304:Amphipoda / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D002683:Chironomidae / Q000187:drug effects*; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D019327:Copper Sulfate / Q000633:toxicity; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000633:toxicity; D057097:Harmful Algal Bloom / Q000187:drug effects*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000633:toxicity; D060106:Lakes; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D013440:Sulfides / Q000032:analysis; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D004983:Ethanolamines; D006540:Herbicides; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D013440:Sulfides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C416547:copper-ethanolamine complex; D014867:Water; D003300:Copper; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D019327:Copper Sulfate
keywords: Algae; Bioavailability; Copper-based algaecides; Non-target species; Sediments