title: Healthy excessive weight in Portuguese women 4 years after delivery of a liveborn.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify the prevalence of healthy excessive weight and determinants of metabolic profile, considering women's reproductive life.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 1847 mothers of a birth cohort assembled after delivery and reevaluated 4years later. A healthy profile was defined as the absence of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, C-reactive protein <3mg/l and being below the second tertile of HOMA-IR. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (95% CI) were computed using multinomial logistic regression, taking women with normal BMI as the reference category of the outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four years after delivery, 47% of women had normal BMI, 33% were overweight and 20% obese. In each BMI class, 61%, 33% and 12% presented a healthy metabolic profile, respectively. Family history of CVD/cardiometabolic risk factors was associated with a higher probability of obesity with a not healthy metabolic profile (OR=1.39 95% CI: 0.98-1.98). Women who breastfed the enrolled child for >26weeks and practiced physical exercise were less likely to be obese and metabolically unhealthy (OR=0.39 95% CI: 0.23-0.68; OR=0.48 95% CI: 0.33-0.70, respectively), with no effect on healthy excessive weight.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results support the existence of a healthy excessive weight phenotype in women after motherhood, influenced by anthropometrics, genetic and lifestyles characteristics.
authors.affiliation: EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: alhenriques@med.up.pt.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Henriques
authors.affiliation: EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana Cristina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal; Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: João Tiago
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.affiliation: EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Henrique
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.affiliation: EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azevedo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001942:Breast Feeding; D015331:Cohort Studies; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D055442:Metabolome / Q000502:physiology*; D009035:Mothers; D050177:Overweight; D011174:Portugal; D012307:Risk Factors; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Excessive weight; Healthy metabolic profile; Motherhood