title: Current perspectives on physical activity and exercise for youth with diabetes.
abstract: Regular physical activity (PA) for youth with diabetes improves cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, bone health, insulin sensitivity, and psychosocial well-being. However many youth with diabetes or pre-diabetes fail to meet minimum PA guidelines and a large percentage of youth with diabetes are overweight or obese. Active youth with type 1 diabetes tend to have lower HbA1c levels and reduced insulin needs, whereas activity in adolescents at-risk for type 2 diabetes improves various measures of metabolism and body composition. Insulin and nutrient adjustments for exercise in type 1 diabetes is complex because of varied responses to exercise type and because of the different times of day that exercise is performed. This review highlights the benefits of exercise and the established barriers to exercise participation in the pediatric diabetes population. A new exercise management algorithm for insulin and carbohydrate intake strategies for active youth with type 1 diabetes is presented.
authors.affiliation: School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Jacklyn A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pivovarov
authors.forename: Craig E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Taplin
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Riddell
mesh_terms: D001823:Body Composition; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans
keywords: continuous glucose monitoring; continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion; hyperglycemia; hypoglycemia; obesity; type 1 diabetes; type 2 diabetes