title: Three-dimensional imaging of past skeletal TB: From lesion to process.
abstract: 3D imaging has become an essential tool in the field of biological anthropology, notably for human evolution purposes. High resolution virtual 3D reconstructions of original specimens contribute to their preservation and broaden the ability for research, teaching and exchanges. Paleopathology can get substantial benefit from these methods, among others for reconstructing infectious pathological processes on ancient bones. Tuberculosis is frequently diagnosed on ancient human remains; however, some osseous expressions are difficult to interpret using classical methods. We illustrate here the interest of 3D methods for reconstructing processes involved in pathological bone changes due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Four paleopathological specimens attributed to this infection, dating from different time periods and concerning diverse parts of the skeleton have been analyzed using a specific 3D digital chain we have previously developed. These 3D analyses allow to virtually reconstruct the initial location and aspect of the infectious process, its extension as well as its possible diffusion to the surrounding soft tissues. This possible virtual follow-up of the disease leads to the concept of processual paleopathology that we would like to introduce in the field. The 3D methodology can help to improve our knowledge of natural history and evolution of ancient human infections such as tuberculosis.
authors.affiliation: De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel: Culture, Environnement, Anthropologie (PACEA - UMR 5199, CNRS - Université de Bordeaux - Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication), Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France; Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. Electronic address: helene.coqueugniot@u-bordeaux.fr.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Coqueugniot
authors.affiliation: De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel: Culture, Environnement, Anthropologie (PACEA - UMR 5199, CNRS - Université de Bordeaux - Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication), Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dutailly
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (UMR 5800 LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Desbarats
authors.affiliation: De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel: Culture, Environnement, Anthropologie (PACEA - UMR 5199, CNRS - Université de Bordeaux - Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication), Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Boulestin
authors.affiliation: National Museum of Natural History, Department of Anthropology, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Ildiko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pap
authors.affiliation: National Museum of Natural History, Department of Anthropology, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Ildiko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Szikossy
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Anthropologie biologique Paul Broca, EPHE (Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes), Paris, France.
authors.forename: Oussama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.affiliation: Service d'Imagerie médicale, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Montaudon
authors.affiliation: Service d'Imagerie médicale, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Panuel
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Oncotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Kinga
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karlinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Oncotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Balázs
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kovács
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Lilla Alida
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Kristóf
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: György
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pálfi
authors.affiliation: De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel: Culture, Environnement, Anthropologie (PACEA - UMR 5199, CNRS - Université de Bordeaux - Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication), Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France; Laboratoire d'Anthropologie biologique Paul Broca, EPHE (Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes), Paris, France; Department of Anthropology, University of Western Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: olivier.dutour@ephe.sorbonne.fr.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dutour
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D049691:History, Medieval; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis; D010164:Paleopathology; D014394:Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular / Q000266:history / Q000473:pathology*; D014399:Tuberculosis, Spinal / Q000266:history / Q000473:pathology
keywords: 3D reconstructions; Medical imaging; Paleopathology; Pathological processes; Skeletal tuberculosis