title: Broadband optical mammography: chromophore concentration and hemoglobin saturation contrast in breast cancer.
abstract: This study reports the optical characterization and quantitative oximetry of human breast cancer using spectrally-resolved images collected with a broadband, continuous-wave optical mammography instrument. On twenty-six cancer patients, we collected two-dimensional optical mammograms and created maps of the concentrations of hemoglobin, water, and lipids, as well as the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin. For each cancerous breast, we analyzed the difference between the tumor region (as identified by x-ray and optical mammography) and the remainder of breast tissue. With respect to the surrounding tissue, we found that cancer regions have significantly higher concentrations of total hemoglobin (+2.4 ± 0.4 μM) and water (+7 ± 1% v/v), and significantly lower lipid concentration (8 ± 2% v/v) and oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (5 ± 1%). We also found a significant correlation between the tumor optical contrast and the grade of breast cancer as quantified by the Nottingham histologic score; this demonstrates how optical signatures may be representative of metabolic and morphological features, as well as the aggressive potential of the tumor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts, 02155, United States of America.
authors.forename: Pamela G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts, 02155, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jana M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kainerstorfer
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts, 02155, United States of America.
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sassaroli
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts, 02155, United States of America.
authors.forename: Nishanth
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Krishnamurthy
authors.affiliation: Tufts Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 800 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, United States of America.
authors.forename: Marc J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Homer
authors.affiliation: Tufts Medical Center, Department of Surgery, 800 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, United States of America.
authors.forename: Roger A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts, 02155, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fantini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001940:Breast / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008327:Mammography; D008875:Middle Aged; D010092:Oximetry; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D041622:Tomography, Optical; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D014867:Water