title: Nrf2-mediated mucoprotective and anti-inflammatory actions of Artemisia extracts led to attenuate stress related mucosal damages.
abstract: The aim of this study was to compare biological actions between isopropanol and ethanol extracts of Artemisia including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective actions. Antioxidant activities were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and confocal microscopy on lipopolysaccharide-induced RGM1 cells, cytoprotection effects evaluated by detecting heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), Nf-E2 related factor2 (Nrf2) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and anti-inflammatory effects investigated by measuring inflammatory mediators. Water immersion restraint stress was imposed to provoke stress related mucosal damages (SRMD) in rats. Isopropanol extracts of Artemisia showed the higher DPPH radical scavenging activity and lesser LPS-induced reactive oxygen species productions and increased HO-1 expression through increased nuclear translocation of Nrf2 transcription factor compared to ethanol extracts. The increased expression of HSP70 and decreased expression of endothelin-1 were only increased with isopropanol extracts. A concentration-dependent inhibition of LPS-induced COX-2 and iNOS even at a rather lower concentration than ethanol extract was achieved with isopropanol extracts. Cytokine protein array revealed Artemisia extracts significantly attenuated the levels of CXCL-1, CXCL-16, and MCP-1. These orchestrated actions led to significant rescue from SRMD. Conclusively, Artemisia extracts imposed significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity against SRMD and isopropanol extracts were superior to ethanol extracts in these beneficiary actions of Artemisia.
authors.affiliation: CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA University, 605 Yeoksam 1-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-081, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA University, 605 Yeoksam 1-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-081, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Jeil pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Seoul 137-041, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Digestive Disease Center, CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam 463-838, Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang Hyun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Digestive Disease Center, CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam 463-838, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Pyo
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA University, 605 Yeoksam 1-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-081, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Hee
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA University, 605 Yeoksam 1-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-081, Korea ; Digestive Disease Center, CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam 463-838, Korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Baik
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Hahm
keywords: HO-1; anti-inflammation; artemisia asiatica; isopropanol extracts; stress related mucosal damages