title: Piezotronic-effect enhanced drug metabolism and sensing on a single ZnO nanowire surface with the presence of human cytochrome P450.
abstract: Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) enzymes are involved in catalyzing the metabolism of various endogenous and exogenous compounds. A rapid analysis of drug metabolism reactions by CYPs is required because they can metabolize 95% of current drugs in drug development and effective therapies. Here, we describe a study of piezotronic-effect enhanced drug metabolism and sensing by utilizing a single ZnO nanowire (ZnO NW) device. Owing to the unique hydrophobic feature of a ZnO NW that provides a desirable "microenvironment" for the immobilization of biomolecules, our device can effectively stimulate the tolbutamide metabolism by decorating a ZnO NW with cytochrome P4502C9/CYPs reductase (CYP2C9/CPR) microsomes. By applying an external compressive strain to the ZnO nanowire, the piezotronic effect, which plays a primary role in tuning the transport behavior of a ZnO NW utilizing the created piezoelectric polarization charges at the local interface, can effectively enhance the performance of the device. A theoretical model is proposed using an energy band diagram to explain the experimental data. This study provides a potential approach to study drug metabolism and trace drug detection based on the piezotronic effect.
authors.affiliation: †School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.|§School of Chemistry and Environment, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing, 100191, China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: †School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.|§School of Chemistry and Environment, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing, 100191, China.
authors.forename: Caizhen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: ‡Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: ‡Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China.|§School of Chemistry and Environment, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing, 100191, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: ‡Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: †School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.|‡Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: †School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
authors.forename: Xueji
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: †School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: ‡Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China.|∥School of Material Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States.
authors.forename: Zhong Lin
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004560:Electricity; D006801:Humans; D008861:Microsomes / Q000201:enzymology; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D053770:Nanowires; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D014044:Tolbutamide / Q000378:metabolism*; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D014044:Tolbutamide; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D015034:Zinc Oxide
keywords: ZnO nanowire; cytochrome P450; drug metabolism; piezotronic effect