title: Changes in the locomotory and reproductive behavior of Biomphalaria glabrata infected with Schistosoma mansoni.
abstract: The infection and development of a parasite may cause physiological, morphological and behavioral changes in its host. Changes in the locomotory activity of a host induced by their parasites may also influence the life-cycles of both host and parasite in the environment. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the locomotory activities of Biomphalaria glabrata before and after an experimental infection with Schistosoma mansoni relating to the shedding of cercaria. In addition, the reproductive parameters of infected B. glabrata were analyzed during the prepatent and patent periods of the infection. The locomotory activity was recorded using an image analysis biomonitoring system based on a Videomex V. Five parameters were analyzed: 'Distance traveled', 'Ambulatory time', 'Stereotypic time', 'Resting time' and 'Average speed'. The number of shed cercariae was counted twice at 45 and 52 days post-infection. The reproductive parameters of infected B. glabrata analyzed were the numbers of egg masses, eggs and hatched snails. All statistical analyses were performed using the R program. Of the 69 snails infected with S. mansoni, 33 (47.8%) shed cercariae ('positive') and 36 (52.2%) ('exposed') failed to exhibit any cercarial shedding prior to the end of the experiment. The locomotory activity of the all snails increased significantly after infection with S. mansoni. However, when the 'positive' and 'exposed' snails were compared, the former, shedding cercariae, were less motile. With regard to reproduction, 84.8% (28/33) of the 'positive' and 27.7% (10/36) of the 'exposed' snails failed to lay egg masses during patent period. The number of cercariae individually shed by each 'positive' snail presented a positive relation with 'Stereotypic time' and a negative relation with egg laying. Our findingshighlight the way in which infection with S. mansoni affects the locomotory and the reproductive behavior of B. glabrata. The number of cercariae shed is directly associated with the reduction/interruption in egg-laying and with an increase in random movement.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; Laboratório de Esquistossomose Experimental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anna Carla
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Alberto-Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.
authors.forename: Everton Gustavo Nunes
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil. Electronic address: cpsantos@ioc.fiocruz.br.
authors.forename: Cláudia Portes
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; Laboratório de Esquistossomose Experimental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.
authors.forename: Clélia Christina
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Mello-Silva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001700:Biomphalaria / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000502:physiology*; D008124:Locomotion; D012098:Reproduction; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Behavior; Biomphalaria; Freshwater snails; Locomotory activities; Reproductive parameters; Schistosoma