title: Methylene blue attenuates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In our study, we investigated the effects of methylene blue (MB) on histopathological changes in renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided equally into three groups. Group 1 (control) was administered intraperitoneal saline solution. In Groups 2 (untreated group) and 3 (MB treatment), the renal arteries were clamped, and ischemia (for 1 hour) and then reperfusion (for 4 hours) were applied. Thirty minutes before ischemia, the untreated group received physiological saline, whereas the treatment group was administered 30 mg/kg MB through an intraperitoneal route. Blood samples were drawn, and renal specimens were harvested 5.5 hours after physiologic saline injection in the control and immediately after the reperfusion period in the other groups. The levels of tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), plasma urea, creatinine and ischemia modified albumin (IMA) were measured. Moreover, the histopathological damage score of the renal tissue was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MB significantly alleviated the severity of histopathological damage by increasing the levels of tissue SOD and TAS and decreasing TOS concentrations in the renal I/R model (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Administration of MB in renal I/R damage may play a protective role.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Haseki Research and Education Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: fsarac75@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fatma
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sarac
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: hkilincaslan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Huseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kilincaslan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: elifsungur@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Elif
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kilic
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Haseki Research and Education Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: macitkoldas@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Macit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koldas
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: drhakanterzi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Elcin Hakan
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Terzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: iaydogdu@bezmialem.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aydogdu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D012709:Serum Albumin; D000075462:Serum Albumin, Human
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D012709:Serum Albumin; C561522:ischemia-modified albumin; D008751:Methylene Blue; D000075462:Serum Albumin, Human
keywords: Antioxidant; Ischemia modified albumin; Methylene blue; Renal ischemia/reperfusion