title: Echocardiographic measurements in normal chinese adults focusing on cardiac chambers and great arteries: a prospective, nationwide, and multicenter study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Currently available echocardiographic reference values are derived mainly from North American and European population studies, and no echocardiographic reference values are available for the Chinese population. The aim of this study was to establish normal values of echocardiographic measurements of the cardiac chambers and great arteries in a nationwide, population-based cohort of healthy Han Chinese adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1,586 healthy Han Chinese volunteers aged 18 to 79 years were screened at 43 collaborating laboratories throughout China. Standard M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography was performed to obtain measurements of the cardiac chambers and great arteries. The impacts of gender and age on all echocardiographic measurements were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1,394 qualified healthy subjects (mean age, 47.3 ± 16.0 years; 678 men) were ultimately enrolled. Except for left ventricular ejection fraction, values of cardiac chamber and great arterial dimensions were significantly higher in men than in women. Most measurements of the atrial and great arterial dimensions, left ventricular wall thickness, and left ventricular mass increased with age in both men and women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Normal reference values of cardiac dimensional parameters were established for the first time in a nationwide, population-based cohort of healthy Han Chinese adults. Because most of these parameters were found to vary with gender and age, reference values stratified for gender and age should be used in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Gui-Hua
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Noninvasive Cardiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Ming-Jun
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tong Ji Hospital, Tong Ji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: You-Bin
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Sheng Jing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Dong
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Echocardiography, Beijing An Zhen Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-An
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, The General Hospital of Taigang Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
authors.forename: Quan-Bin
authors.initials: QB
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Echocardiography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Li-Gang
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China. Electronic address: daixh@vip.sina.com.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Noninvasive Cardiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China. Electronic address: yinlixue@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Li-Xue
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China. Electronic address: zhangyun@sdu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001158:Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002681:China; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cardiac chamber; Chinese adults; Echocardiography; Great arteries; Normal reference values