title: Effect of transcatheter embolization by autologous fat particles in the treatment of coronary artery perforation during percutaneous coronary intervention.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coronary artery perforation (CAP) is a rare but severe complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect and safety of transcatheter embolization by autologous fat particles in the treatment of CAP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Once the CAP was confirmed, a little autologous subcutaneous fatty tissue was obtained from the groin of the patient and then was made into 1 mm × 1 mm fat particles. The perforated vessel was embolized by fat particles via a micro-catheter. There were eight patients undergoing transcatheter embolization by autologous fat particles in the treatment of CAP during PCI in Peking University Third Hospital from February 2009 to June 2014, and the clinical data of these patients were collected and analyzed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lesion morphology of the patients was classified based on the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force classification, there were one patient with Class B2 lesion and seven patients with Class C lesions (there were five patients with chronic total occlusion lesions). According to the Ellis classification of CAP, there were six patients with Class II perforations and two patients with Class III perforations. The causes of perforation included that seven patients induced by guide wire and one patient by balloon predilation. Three patients had pericardial effusion. All of the eight patients with CAP underwent transcatheter embolization by autologous fat particles. Coronary angiography confirmed that all of them were embolized successfully. There was no severe complication after the procedure. The coronary angiography of one patient at 1 week and another patient at 2 years after the embolization showed that the embolized arteries had recanalized. The median follow-up time was 20.3 months (8.8-50.2 months), the event-free survival rate was 100%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transcatheter embolization by autologous fat particles was an effective, safe, cheap, and easy way to treat the perforation of small vessels during PCI.
authors.forename: Li-Yun
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Jiang-Li
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Li-Jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Fu-Chun
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000601:surgery*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies