title: Transcription elongation. Heterogeneous tracking of RNA polymerase and its biological implications.
abstract: Regulation of transcription elongation via pausing of RNA polymerase has multiple physiological roles. The pausing mechanism depends on the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed, as well as on certain interactions of polymerase with specific DNA sequences. In order to describe the mechanism of regulation, we introduce the concept of heterogeneity into the previously proposed alternative models of elongation, power stroke and Brownian ratchet. We also discuss molecular origins and physiological significances of the heterogeneity.
authors.affiliation: a Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; Frederick, MD USA.
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imashimizu
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shimamoto
authors.forename: Taku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.forename: Mikhail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kashlev
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry*; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000235:genetics; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008958:Models, Molecular; D012313:RNA / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D061805:Transcription Elongation, Genetic
chemical_list: D012313:RNA; D004247:DNA; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases
keywords: Brownian ratchet; RNA polymerase; power stroke; sequence heterogeneity of DNA; transcription elongation factors; transcription pausing; translocation