title: Strawberry phytochemicals inhibit azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate-induced colorectal carcinogenesis in Crj: CD-1 mice.
abstract: Human and experimental colon carcinogenesis are enhanced by a pro-inflammatory microenvironment. Pharmacologically driven chemopreventive agents and dietary variables are hypothesized to have future roles in the prevention of colon cancer by targeting these processes. The current study was designed to determine the ability of dietary lyophilized strawberries to inhibit inflammation-promoted colon carcinogenesis in a preclinical animal model. Mice were given a single i.p. injection of azoxymethane (10 mg kg-1 body weight). One week after injection, mice were administered 2% (w/v) dextran sodium sulfate in drinking water for seven days and then an experimental diet containing chemically characterized lyophilized strawberries for the duration of the bioassay. Mice fed control diet, or experimental diet containing 2.5%, 5.0% or 10.0% strawberries displayed tumor incidence of 100%, 64%, 75% and 44%, respectively (p < 0.05). The mechanistic studies demonstrate that strawberries reduced expression of proinflammatory mediators, suppressed nitrosative stress and decreased phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase and nuclear factor kappa B. In conclusion, strawberries target proinflammatory mediators and oncogenic signaling for the preventive efficacies against colon carcinogenesis in mice. This works supports future development of fully characterized and precisely controlled functional foods for testing in human clinical trials for this disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. ni.shi@osumc.edu.
authors.forename: Ni
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. steven.clinton@osumc.edu.|Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. steven.clinton@osumc.edu.
authors.forename: Steven K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Clinton
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China. zhl60@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Zhihua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China. twang5511@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Yongquan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. kenneth.riedl@osumc.edu.|Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State Univeristy, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. kenneth.riedl@osumc.edu.
authors.forename: Kenneth M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Riedl
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. steven.schwartz@osumc.edu.|Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State Univeristy, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. steven.schwartz@osumc.edu.
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.affiliation: Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. xiaoli.zhang@osumc.edu.
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. zui.pan@osumc.edu.
authors.forename: Zui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. tong.chen@osumc.edu.|Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. tong.chen@osumc.edu.
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D000236:Adenoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001397:Azoxymethane; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D004610:Ellagic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044948:Flavonols / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D031985:Fragaria / Q000737:chemistry*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D055951:Functional Food; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008517:Phytotherapy
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D044948:Flavonols; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D064209:Phytochemicals; D004610:Ellagic Acid; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D001397:Azoxymethane