title: Renal impairment among postmenopausal women with osteoporosis from a large health plan in Israel.
abstract: Bisphosphonates are a first-line treatment for osteoporosis but require adequate renal function. We estimated the prevalence of renal impairment among osteoporotic women in Israeli. Approximately 2.3 % of women had renal impairment at a level that makes them inappropriate for bisphosphonate use, demonstrating the need for alternative therapies for osteoporosis treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of renal impairment among postmenopausal osteoporotic women within a large Israeli health plan.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective analysis of Maccabi electronic medical records, including Israeli women aged ≥55 with either an osteoporosis diagnosis or osteoporosis-related fracture between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2011. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), which was calculated from the lowest serum creatinine levels reported during the study period, was used to classify stage 1-5 renal impairment: normal ≥90, mild 60-89, moderate 30-59, severe 15-29, and failure <15 mL/min/1.73 m(2), respectively. Outcomes were distributions of renal impairment across the study population and stratified by age and osteoporosis-defining event.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 15,608 patients met all eligibility criteria. Patients with stage 1-5 renal function accounted for 25.2, 54.9, 18.5, 1.2, and 0.3 %, respectively, of all patients. Of osteoporotic patients, 2.3 % had eGFR levels (<35 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) that make them inappropriate for bisphosphonate use. This rate was 1.6 % among patients with an osteoporosis diagnosis and 3.8 % among patients with osteoporosis-related fracture. Within the group of renally impaired patients, older patients were overrepresented. Of the fracture group, patients with hip fractures had a higher prevalence of renal dysfunction (9.3 %) than those having vertebral fractures (3.2 %) or other fractures (2.0 %).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, 2.3 % had renal impairment which makes them inappropriate for bisphosphonate use in Israel.
authors.affiliation: Center for Observational and Real-world Evidence, Merck & Co, Inc., 600 Corporate Drive, Lebanon, NJ, 08833, USA, jingbo.yu@merck.com.
authors.forename: Jingbo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Inbal
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Goldshtein
authors.forename: Varda
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Shalev
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chodick
authors.forename: Sophia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ish-Shalom
authors.forename: Ofer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sharon
authors.forename: Ankita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Modi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology; D017698:Postmenopause; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013221:State Health Plans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D004164:Diphosphonates