title: Vaspin: a new adipokine correlating the levels of crevicular fluid and tear fluid in periodontitis and obesity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the present study, we investigated the levels of vaspin in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and tear fluid in obese patients with chronic periodontitis (CP), and sought to find an association, if any.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients (20 males and 20 females) with moderate-severe CP were selected based on their clinical parameters of gingival index, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference, and divided into four groups (n = 10/group): group 1 (healthy non-obese), group 2 (healthy obese), group 3 (non-obese with CP), and group 4 (obese with CP). GCF and tear fluid vaspin levels were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean vaspin concentration both in GCF and tear fluid was greater for group 4 (1.84 ± 0.03) and (1.98 ± 0.08), followed by groups 3 (1.35 ± 0.03 and 1.50 ± 0.06), 2 (0.95 ± 0.26 and 1.27 ± 0.51), and then 1 (0.65 ± 0.02 and 0.75 ± 0.02), respectively. Mean vaspin levels correlated with BMI, CAL, and PD. The association between GCF and tear fluid vaspin concentration was also statistically significant (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vaspin can be a novel biomarker connecting inflammatory marker for the systemic inflammatory response in obesity and CP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Avani Raju
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Pradeep
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Shruti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karvekar
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Kanika
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagpal
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Kaushik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Patnaik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D015843:Serpins / Q000378:metabolism*; D013666:Tears / Q000378:metabolism*; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C507339:SERPINA12 protein, human; D015843:Serpins
keywords: chronic periodontitis; gingival crevicular fluid; obesity; risk factor; tear fluid