title: Factors that influence physical function and emotional well-being among Medicare-Medicaid enrollees.
abstract: Dually enrolled Medicare-Medicaid older adults are a vulnerable population. We tested House's Conceptual Framework for Understanding Social Inequalities in Health and Aging in Medicare-Medicaid enrollees by examining the extent to which disparities indicators, which included race, age, gender, neighborhood poverty, education, income, exercise (e.g., walking), and physical activity (e.g., housework) influence physical function and emotional well-being. This secondary analysis included 337 Black (31%) and White (69%) older Medicare-Medicaid enrollees. Using path analysis, we determined that race, neighborhood poverty, education, and income did not influence physical function or emotional well-being. However, physical activity (e.g., housework) was associated with an increased self-report of physical function and emotional well-being of β = .23, p < .001; β = .17, p < .01, respectively. Future studies of factors that influence physical function and emotional well-being in this population should take into account health status indicators such as allostatic load, comorbidity, and perceived racism/discrimination.
authors.affiliation: Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, 2120 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH 44106-4906, USA. Electronic address: kdw39@case.edu.
authors.forename: Kathy D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.affiliation: Hartford Center of Geriatric Nursing Excellence, University of Utah College of Nursing, 10 S. 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
authors.forename: Ginette A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Pepper
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Utah, USA; University of Utah, College of Nursing, 10 S. 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caserta
authors.affiliation: University of Utah, College of Nursing, 10 S. 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
authors.forename: Bob
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Geriatrics Division, University of Utah School of Medicine, USA; Intermountain Healthcare, 8th Avenue & C Street, Salt Lake City, UT 84143, USA.
authors.forename: Cherie P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Brunker
authors.affiliation: Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, 2120 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH 44106-4906, USA.
authors.forename: Diana L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.affiliation: Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, 2120 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH 44106-4906, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Burant
authors.affiliation: Seniors Institute Research, Summa Health System, 525 East Market Street, Akron, OH 44504, USA.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hazelett
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Community Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 St. Rt. 44, P.O. Box 95, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA.
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kropp
authors.affiliation: Riverside Health System, Lifelong Health & Aging Related Services Administration, 1020 Old Denbigh Blvd., Suite 1020A, Newport News, VA 23602, USA.
authors.forename: Kyle R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Allen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004644:Emotions; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008484:Medicaid; D006278:Medicare; D008603:Mental Health; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States
keywords: Disparities indicators; Medicare-Medicaid enrollees; Subjective well-being