title: In vivo imaging of the inner ear at 7T MRI: image evaluation and comparison with 3T.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The implementation of 7T magnetic resonance imaging for human use has the potential to further advance spatial resolution beyond that of 3T. This could result in potential advantages in the depiction of the membranous structures of the inner ear. The inner ear is particularly challenging to visualize at 7T because of its anatomic location, which can lead to susceptibility banding artifacts and signal loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three healthy volunteers underwent magnetic resonance imaging at 3T and 7T scanner. At 7T, a unilateral dielectric pad was used for image optimization. Scan duration therefore doubled to a total of 15 minutes at 7T.
  
  
  METHODS
  The depiction of 10 anatomic parts of the inner ear was evaluated by two independent readers using a four-point grading scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The interscalar septum, utricular macula, and the nerve bundles in the internal auditory canal were visualized more clearly at 7T.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although reduction of image artifacts remains challenging, especially at 7T, all structures depicted at 3T could be depicted at 7T. Image quality for some anatomic structures was superior at 7T. Further improvement of image quality could be achieved by developing dedicated surface coils and by technical advancement in B1 shimming and dedicated radiofrequency pulses.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht; and †Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; ‡Philips Healthcare, Best; and §Imaging Division, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sylvia L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: van Egmond
authors.forename: Fredy
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: Frank A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Pameijer
authors.forename: Wilko
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Grolman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016477:Artifacts; D007758:Ear, Inner / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*