title: Clinical application of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescent imaging of hepatoblastoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although the usefulness of intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescent imaging for the resection of hepatocellular carcinoma has been reported, its usefulness for the resection of hepatoblastoma remains unclear. This study clarifies the feasibility of intraoperative ICG fluorescent imaging for the resection of hepatoblastoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  In three hepatoblastoma patients, a primary tumor, recurrent tumor, and lung metastatic lesions were intraoperatively examined using a near-infrared fluorescence imaging system after the preoperative administration of ICG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ICG fluorescent imaging was useful for the surgical navigation in hepatoblastoma patients. In the first case, the primary hepatoblastoma exhibited intense fluorescence during right hepatectomy, but no fluorescence was detected in the residual liver. In the second case, a recurrent tumor exhibited fluorescence between the residual liver and diaphragm. A complete resection of the residual liver, with a partial resection of the diaphragm, followed by liver transplantation was performed. In the third case with multiple lung metastases, each metastatic lesion showed positive fluorescence, and all were completely resected. These fluorescence-positive lesions were pathologically proven to be viable hepatoblastoma cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraoperative ICG fluorescence imaging for patients with hepatoblastoma was feasible and useful for identifying small viable lesions and confirming that no remnant tumor remained after resection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Taku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamichi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan. Electronic address: ooue@pedsurg.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takaharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oue
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nara Hospital, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yonekura
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Owari
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Kengo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakahata
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Umeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Keigo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nara
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Takehisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uehara
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Usui
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D018197:Hepatoblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D007223:Infant; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green
keywords: Fluorescence; Hepatoblastoma; Indocyanine green; Metastasis; Navigation surgery