title: Cryptosporidiosis outbreak in a child day-care center caused by an unusual Cryptosporidium hominis subtype.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This work describes the genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium and Giardia involved in an outbreak in a nursery school in Granada, Spain, that affected seven children under the age of 4.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nucleic acids were extracted from the seven stool samples positive to Cryptosporidium or Giardia by microscopy and/or immunochromatography. The species and subtypes of Cryptosporidium were identified by PCR-RFLP and PCR of the SSUrRNA and gp60 genes, respectively. The assemblages of Giardia duodenalis isolates were characterized by PCR of the tpi gene. PCR products were sequenced and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the isolates were positive for Cryptosporidium hominis. Five of them belonged to subtype IaA11R2, one to subtype IbA10G2R2, and the other could not be identified. Three of these samples were positive for G. duodenalis by PCR, two belonging to the assemblage A, and the other one to assemblage B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report of Cryptosporidium hominis subtype IaA11R2 as a cause of an outbreak in Europe where subtype IbA10G2R2 is the most frequently identified. In the case of Giardia, an outbreak could not be confirmed because of the low number of positive samples and the low genetic variability of the amplified fragments for assemblage A of tpi gene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A new subtype, of Cryptosporidium hominis named IaA11R2, has been described as a cause of an outbreak in a nursery school in Granada, Spain. However an outbreak of giardiasis could not be confirmed.
authors.affiliation: Area of Parasitology, Department of Microbiology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, C/ Domingo Miral s/n, Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address: pgoni@unizar.es.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Goñi
authors.affiliation: Metropolitan District of Granada's Epidemiology and Programs Unit, C/ Gustavo Dore, no. 3, Bajo, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Almagro-Nievas
authors.affiliation: Area of Parasitology, Department of Microbiology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, C/ Domingo Miral s/n, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cieloszyk
authors.affiliation: Area of Parasitology, Department of Microbiology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, C/ Domingo Miral s/n, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lóbez
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: José María
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Navarro-Marí
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de Madrid, s/n, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Fernández
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002656:Child Day Care Centers; D002675:Child, Preschool; D060085:Coinfection; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D003458:Cryptosporidium / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000032:analysis; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D016829:Giardia lamblia / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005873:Giardiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D021521:Ribotyping; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D016054:DNA, Protozoan
keywords: Assemblage; Brote; Cryptosporidium; Genotipo; Giardia; IaA11R2; IbA10G2R2; Outbreak