title: Novel mutation of RUNX2 gene in a patient with cleidocranial dysplasia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cleidocranial dysplasia is a rare hereditary skeletal disorder due to heterozygous loss of function mutations in the RUNX2 gene that encodes runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). Here we report a 52 year-old woman with cleidocranial dysplasia due to a novel RUNX2 mutation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 52 year-old Han Chinese woman presented with short stature and skeletal dysplasia that was first noted during early childhood. She was 153 cm in height and 40 kg in weight. Her skull was deformed with hypertelorism, midface hypoplasia, protrusion of chin, and dental abnormalities. Radiological examination revealed shortened clavicles and depressed skull bone and that were consistent with the clinical diagnosis of cleidocranial dysplasia. There was no family history of a similar skeletal disorder. We sequenced the RUNX2 gene and discovered a novel heterozygous mutation in exon 3 (c.476 del G, p.G159fs175X) that is predicted to cause a frameshift and premature termination that leads to the loss of the final 347 amino acid residues. This severely truncated protein is expected to be inactive.
  
  
  METHODS
  RUNX2 gene controls osteoblast differentiation and chondrocyte maturation. Around 90 RUNX2 mutations have been discovered in patients with cleidocranial dysplasia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We identified a case of cleidocranial dysplasia due to a novel mutation of RUNX2 gene at exon 3 (c.476 del G).
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei City Hospital Zhongxing Branch, Taipei, Taiwan ; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei, ROC. 112, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ya-Wun
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Yang
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei, Taiwan ; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine ROC. 112, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Lin
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei, ROC. 112, Taiwan ; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine ROC. 112, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tjin-Shing
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Jap
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei, ROC. 112, Taiwan ; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine ROC. 112, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Liang-Yu
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D002973:Cleidocranial Dysplasia / Q000235:genetics*; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; C493709:RUNX2 protein, human
keywords: Cleidocranial dysplasia; RUNX2 gene; mutation