title: Application of renal-rotation techniques in retroperitoneoscopic partial nephrectomy.
abstract: Retroperitoneoscopic partial nephrectomy (RPN) is one of the standard methods for treating T1-stage renal carcinoma, which has a narrow operational space and a difficult surgical procedure. The aim of this study was to examine the safety and feasibility of renal-rotation techniques in RPN. Between April 2012 and June 2014, the renal-rotation technique in RPN was performed in 22 male and 16 female patients, aged between 31 and 75 years (mean, 52 years), with stage T1N0M0 renal-cell carcinoma. In 29 cases the tumor was located at the ventral side of the kidney, including 22 cases at the renal hilum, and in nine cases the tumor was located at the inferior pole of the kidney. The tumor size was between 1.5 and 4.6 cm (mean, 2.8 cm). The results showed that, in all 38 cases, the procedure was successfully accomplished without conversion to open surgery. There were no intraoperative complications and only three cases of postoperative complications. The surgery duration was between 45 and 116 min (mean, 59 min); blood loss was between 10 and 120 ml (mean, 40 ml) and no patients required a blood transfusion. The average kidney ischemia time was 21 min (range, 15-38 min). No patients had local recurrence or metastasis after follow-up of between one and 26 months. In conclusion, the application of the renal-rotation technique in RPN for tumors located at the ventral side, renal hilum or at the inferior pole of the kidney is safe and feasible and worth wider clinical application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chun-Hua
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Qing-Zuo
authors.initials: QZ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Sheng-Qiang
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hong-Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jian-Tao
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Guang-Lei
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhen-Li
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Gao
keywords: partial nephrectomy; renal rotation; retroperitoneoscopy