title: A review of the global pesticide legislation and the scale of challenge in reaching the global harmonization of food safety standards.
abstract: Pesticide use is important in agriculture to protect crops and improve productivity. However, pesticides have the potential to cause adverse human health or environmental effects, depending on exposure levels. This review examines existing pesticide legislation worldwide, focusing on the level of harmonization and impacts of differing legislation on food safety and trade. Pesticide legislation varies greatly worldwide, because countries have different requirements, guidelines, and legal limits for plant protection. Developed nations have more stringent regulations than developing countries, which lack the resources and expertise to adequately implement and enforce legislation. Global differences in pesticide legislation act as a technical barrier to trade. International parties such as the European Union (EU), Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex), and North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) have attempted to harmonize pesticide legislation by providing maximum residue limits (MRLs), but globally these limits remain variable. Globally harmonized pesticide standards would serve to increase productivity, profits, and trade and also enhance the ability to protect public health and the environment.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Caroline E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Handford
authors.affiliation: Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Christopher T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: Katrina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards; D058735:Environmental Policy; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D059022:Food Safety; D007391:International Cooperation; D007881:Legislation, Food / Q000592:standards*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides
keywords: Food safety; Global harmonization; Legislation; Maximum residue limits; Pesticides