title: Cytomegalovirus Retinitis in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus-negative Cohort: Long-term Management and Complications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the clinical outcomes achieved by using intravitreal ganciclovir injections combined with systemic anti-viral therapy in treating cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in patients without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three eyes of 15 HIV-negative patients diagnosed with CMV retinitis were included in this retrospective study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median follow-up was 68 weeks (range, 12-156), and median number of injections was 10 (range, 2-22). The retinal lesions stopped progressing within 1-2 weeks following treatment. All of the eyes showed either unchanged or ≥2 line improvements of BCVA at last visit. There was no development of CMV retinitis in a fellow eye, or recurrence in a studied eye. Systemic complications such as neutropenia were not detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravitreal ganciclovir injections combined with systemic anti-viral treatment is a good therapeutic option for treating CMV retinitis without HIV infection. Such treatment provided favorable visual outcomes, with minimal ocular and systemic complications.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea.
authors.forename: Sohee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea.
authors.forename: Won Ki
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000235:genetics*; D017726:Cytomegalovirus Retinitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015774:Ganciclovir / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006678:HIV / Q000235:genetics*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000821:virology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004279:DNA, Viral; D015774:Ganciclovir
keywords: Cytomegalovirus retinitis; foscarnet; ganciclovir; intravitreal injection; systemic anti-viral therapy