title: Dominant frontotemporal dementia mutations in 140 cases of primary progressive aphasia and speech apraxia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mutations in three genes [chromosome 9 open-reading-frame 72 (C9ORF72); microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) and progranulin (GRN)] account for the vast majority of familial, and a proportion of sporadic, frontotemporal dementia (FTD) cases. Progressive apraxia of speech (PAOS) is a type of FTD characterized by speech production deficits without a known cause.
  
  
  METHODS
  We therefore assessed for genetic mutations in C9ORF72, MAPT and GRN in 40 prospectively recruited PAOS patients. For comparison, we also assessed these mutations in 100 patients with primary progressive aphasia (PPA), including logopenic PPA (n = 54), nonfluent/agrammatic PPA (n = 17), semantic PPA (n = 16), and unclassifiable PPA (n = 13).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age at onset of PAOS patients was 66.7 years (± 9.3); 50% were women. Ten patients (25%) had ≥1 first-degree relative with a neurodegenerative disease. No mutations were found in any PAOS patient. In comparison, 36% of the PPA patients had a family history and 5 (5%) had a genetic mutation detected: MAPT (n = 0), GRN (n = 3) and C9ORF72 (n = 2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although limited by an overrepresentation of logopenic PPA, which frequently predicts Alzheimer's disease pathology, this study suggests that mutations in the three genes most commonly associated with FTD are not associated with PAOS and are not commonly associated with PPA.
authors.affiliation: Division of Behavioral Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn., USA.
authors.forename: Eoin P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Flanagan
authors.forename: Matthew C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Ralph B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Perkerson
authors.forename: Joseph R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Duffy
authors.forename: Edythe A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Strand
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Whitwell
authors.forename: Mary M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Machulda
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rademakers
authors.forename: Keith A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Josephs
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D018888:Aphasia, Primary Progressive / Q000235:genetics*; D001072:Apraxias / Q000235:genetics*; D000073885:C9orf72 Protein; D005260:Female; D057180:Frontotemporal Dementia / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D000077153:Progranulins; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000073885:C9orf72 Protein; C568651:C9orf72 protein, human; C492314:GRN protein, human; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C054369:MAPT protein, human; D000077153:Progranulins; D011506:Proteins; D016875:tau Proteins