title: A systematic review on definitions and assessments of psychotic-like experiences.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) or subclinical psychotic experiences have received increased attention as some studies have suggested continuity between PLEs and psychotic disorders. However, epidemiological and correlational studies of PLEs showed mixed findings - it is observed that different studies use a wide variety of definitions of PLEs, as well as different assessment tools that are designed to capture such described experiences. The differences in definitions and assessment tools adopted could contribute to the discrepancy of findings. The current review aims to examine the definitions and assessment tools adopted in the studies of PLEs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature search was conducted between October 2013 and February 2014 using three search engines: Medline, Web of Science and PubMed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 76 papers met the selection criteria and were included in the current review. It is found that the majority of papers reviewed defined PLEs quantitatively using assessment tools and do not have a specific phenomenological definition, whereas assessment tools adopted have a wide variety. Furthermore, phenomenological studies of PLEs were rare.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The variations in definitions and assessment tools of PLEs might contribute to mixed findings in researches. Reaching to a consensus through the study of phenomenology of PLEs is essential to further advancement of the research in this area.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Kit-Wai
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Kit-Wa
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Wing-Chung
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Edwin Ho-Ming
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Christy Lai-Ming
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Eric Yu-Hai
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D062706:Prodromal Symptoms; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009626:Terminology as Topic
keywords: psychiatry; psychotic disorder; psychotic-like experience; review; schizophrenia