title: Effects of electrophotodynamic therapy in vitro on human melanoma cells--melanotic (MeWo) and amelanotic (C32).
abstract: Photodynamic therapy has been considered ineffective for melanomas because of the competition between the absorbance of melanin from the melanoma and the absorbance of photosensitizers at the photosensitizer excitation light wavelength. Melanomas show considerable heterogeneity and resistance to phototherapy. The effectiveness of photodynamic therapy could be intensified by electroporation for enhanced transport of a photosensitizer by transient pores in the membrane. In this study, photodynamic therapy combined with electroporation was tested in vitro on the human melanoma cell lines melanotic melanoma (MeWo) and amelanotic melanoma (C32). Control experiments were conducted on human keratinocytes (HaCaT). Photofrin was used as a photosensitizer. Photosensitizer distribution, cloning efficacy test, comet assay, and assessment of apoptotic proteins were performed. Melanin levels were determined before and after photodynamic therapy. The experiments indicated that electroporation effectively supports the photodynamic method. It was found that photodynamic therapy with electroporation efficiently induces apoptosis in melanotic and amelanotic melanoma cells.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Medical Biochemistry bDepartment of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University cDepartment of Animal Developmental Biology, University of Wroclaw dFaculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumentation, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Choromanska
authors.forename: Julita
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kulbacka
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rembialkowska
authors.forename: Justyna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pilat
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Drag-Zalesinska
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wysocka
authors.forename: Arnold
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garbiec
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kotulska
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saczko
mesh_terms: D065567:Absorption, Physiological / Q000528:radiation effects; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage; D017323:Dihematoporphyrin Ether / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053672:Electrochemotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D018274:Electroporation; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D008543:Melanins / Q000378:metabolism; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018328:Melanoma, Amelanotic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D008543:Melanins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D017323:Dihematoporphyrin Ether; D020169:Caspases