title: Macrophages and cancer: from mechanisms to therapeutic implications.
abstract: Infiltration by immune cells is a hallmark of most forms of malignancy. In this context, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent key regulators of the complex interplay between the immune system and cancer. We discuss evidence indicating that in many settings TAMs fuel, rather than limit, tumor progression, and negatively impact on responses to therapy. We discuss how the unique functional properties of TAMs are shaped by tumor-derived signals, placing TAM development in the context of the broader understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling macrophage origin, differentiation, and maintenance in tissues. Finally, we provide examples of how a molecular understanding of the relationships between TAMs and the tumor microenvironment may lead to improved cancer therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy. Electronic address: renato.ostuni@ieo.eu.
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ostuni
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kratochvill
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy. Electronic address: gioacchino.natoli@ieo.eu.
authors.forename: Gioacchino
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Natoli
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000187:drug effects