title: The CXCR3 chemokines in inflammatory myopathies.
abstract: The α-chemokines (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9) and interferon γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10) are expressed in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies muscle. Abundant expression of IP-10 was observed on macrophages and T cells surrounding and invading non-necrotic muscle fibers in polymyositis and sporadic inclusion body myositis and in T cells in perimysial infiltrates of dermatomyositis. IP-10 was also localized to blood vessel endothelial cells in all inflammatory and normal muscle tissues. Serum IP-10 is high in patients with inflammatory myopathies. Human skeletal muscle cells might actively self-promote muscular inflammation by eliciting IP-10 secretion, under the influence of cytokines [Interferon (IFN-γ), Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α)], which can amplify T helper (Th)1 cell tissue infiltration in vivo. It has been shown that drugs able to block the IP-10/chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3 (CXCR3) axis can suppress inflammation in muscle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Limongi
mesh_terms: D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016207:Cytokines; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology; D009220:Myositis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D054367:Receptors, CXCR3 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C114753:CXCL10 protein, human; C515187:CXCR3 protein, human; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9; D016207:Cytokines; D054367:Receptors, CXCR3; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: CCL2; CXCL9; CXCR3; I-TAC; IP-10; Inflammatory Myopathies