title: Three-layered radio frequency coil arrangement for sodium MRI of the human brain at 9.4 Tesla.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A multinuclei imaging setup with the capability to acquire both sodium ((23) Na) and proton ((1) H) signals at 9.4 Tesla is presented. The main objective was to optimize coil performance at the (23) Na frequency while still having the ability to acquire satisfactory (1) H images.
  
  
  METHODS
  The setup consisted of a combination of three radio frequency (RF) coils arranged in three layers: the innermost layer was a 27-channel (23) Na receive helmet which was surrounded by a four-channel (23) Na transceiver array. The outer layer consisted of a four-channel (1) H dipole array for B0 shimming and anatomical localization. Transmit and receive performance of the (23) Na arrays was compared to a single-tuned (23) Na birdcage resonator.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While the transmit efficiency of the (23) Na transceiver array was comparable to the birdcage, the (23) Na receive array provided substantial signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain near the surface and comparable SNR in the center. The utility of this customized setup was demonstrated by (23) Na images of excellent quality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High SNR, efficient transmit excitation and B0 shimming capability can be achieved for (23) Na MRI at 9.4T using novel coil combination. This RF configuration is easily adaptable to other multinuclei applications at ultra high field (≥ 7T).
authors.affiliation: High Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shajan
authors.affiliation: High Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.|Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mirkes
authors.affiliation: High Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Buckenmaier
authors.affiliation: High Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.affiliation: High Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pohmann
authors.affiliation: High Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.|Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Scheffler
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011522:Protons; D011846:Radio Waves; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio; D012975:Sodium Isotopes
chemical_list: D011522:Protons; D012975:Sodium Isotopes
keywords: 23Na MRI; 9.4T; dual tuned coils; receive array