title: 'Traumatisers or traumatised': Trauma experiences and personality characteristics of Australian prisoners.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is over represented in the prisoner population and is predictive of violence and suicide. This raises issues in relation to prisoner management, as well as theoretical issues such as why there is a range of vulnerability for PTSD. The current study examines the relationship between PTSD and personality profiles of prisoners.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 1305 participants in the NSW survey of health in prisoners are examined to identify relationships between personality profiles derived from the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and PTSD. Participants are grouped as experiencing no trauma; with a trauma history but no PTSD; and being diagnosed with PTSD. A logistic regression modelled significant predictors of PTSD. These data indicated that women prisoners report PTSD at twice the rate of males. An increased risk for PTSD is associated with high Harm Avoidance, low Self-Directedness, high Persistence and high Self-Transcendence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A combination of both temperament and character traits influences the trajectory towards PTSD development. Targeted treatment of these traits is needed in addressing the problems of prisoners with PTSD and managing the associated risks of violence and suicide.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Egeressy
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Mick
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hunter
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009517:New South Wales / Q000453:epidemiology; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013694:Temperament; D014754:Violence / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Post‐traumatic stress disorder; Prisoner population; Temperament and character inventory; Trauma