title: Hysterectomy in very obese and morbidly obese patients: a systematic review with cumulative analysis of comparative studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Some studies suggest that also regarding the patient with a body mass index (BMI) ≥35 kg/m(2) the minimally invasive approach to hysterectomy is superior. However, current practice and research on the preference of gynaecologists still show that the rate of abdominal hysterectomy (AH) increases as the BMI increases. A systematic review with cumulative analysis of comparative studies was performed to evaluate the outcomes of AH, laparoscopic hysterectomy (LH) and vaginal hysterectomy (VH) in very obese and morbidly obese patients (BMI ≥35 kg/m(2)).
  
  
  METHODS
  PubMed and EMBASE were searched for records on AH, LH and VH for benign indications or (early stage) malignancy through October 2014. Included studies were graded on level of evidence. Studies with a comparative design were pooled in a cumulative analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two randomized controlled trials, seven prospective studies and 14 retrospective studies were included (2232 patients; 1058 AHs, 959 LHs, and 215 VHs). The cumulative analysis identified that, compared to LH, AH was associated with more wound dehiscence [risk ratio (RR) 2.58, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.71-3.90; P = 0.000], more wound infection (RR 4.36, 95 % CI 2.79-6.80; P = 0.000), and longer hospital admission (mean difference 2.9 days, 95 % CI 1.96-3.74; P = 0.000). The pooled conversion rate was 10.6 %. Compared to AH, VH was associated with similar advantages as LH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to AH, both LH and VH are associated with fewer postoperative complications and shorter length of hospital stay. Therefore, the feasibility of LH and VH should be considered prior the abdominal approach to hysterectomy in very obese and morbidly obese patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecology, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands, m.d.blikkendaal@lumc.nl.
authors.forename: Mathijs D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Blikkendaal
authors.forename: Evelyn M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Schepers
authors.forename: Erik W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: van Zwet
authors.forename: Andries R H
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Twijnstra
authors.forename: Frank Willem
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Jansen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005831:Genital Diseases, Female / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007045:Hysterectomy, Vaginal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007902:Length of Stay; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000150:complications*; D061646:Operative Time; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome