title: A comparison of random and post-accident urine opiate and opioid tests.
abstract: Opioid use is associated with poor reaction time, attention, balance and memory posing a potential threat to workplace safety. The purpose of this study is to determine if there is a statistical association between opiate/opioid use and work related accidents as measured by urine drug tests by comparing the proportion of opiate/opioid laboratory positive urine specimens for postaccident verses random samples. The prevalence of laboratory positive opiate/opioid tests, the odds ratio, Fisher's exact probability test and the population attributable risk were calculated for each comparison. This study found a statistically significant difference for opiate/opioid results favoring the post-accident group.
authors.affiliation: a St. Mary's Occupational Medicine Clinic , Evansville , Indiana , USA.
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Price
mesh_terms: D000062:Accidents, Occupational / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D009294:Narcotics / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000652:urine; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000652:urine; D015995:Prevalence; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D009294:Narcotics
keywords: Opiate; impairment; opioid; prescription drug use; urine drug test; workplace accidents