title: Alterations in cancer cell metabolism: the Warburg effect and metabolic adaptation.
abstract: The Warburg effect means higher glucose uptake of cancer cells compared to normal tissues, whereas a smaller fraction of this glucose is employed for oxidative phosphorylation. With the advent of high throughput technologies and computational systems biology, cancer cell metabolism has been reinvestigated over the last decades toward identifying various events underlying "how" and "why" a cancer cell employs aerobic glycolysis. Significant progress has been shaped to revise the Warburg effect. In this study, we have integrated the gene expression of 13 different cancer cells with the genome-scale metabolic network of human (Recon1) based on the E-Flux method, and analyzed them based on constraint-based modeling. Results show that regardless of significant up- and down-regulated metabolic genes, the distribution of metabolic changes is similar in different cancer types. These findings support the theory that the Warburg effect is a consequence of metabolic adaptation in cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Yazdan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Asgari
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zabihinpour
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salehzadeh-Yazdi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; Clayton School of Information Technology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia. Electronic address: schreibe@ipk-gatersleben.de.
authors.forename: Falk
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schreiber
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: amasoudin@ibb.ut.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Masoudi-Nejad
mesh_terms: D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D005947:Glucose
keywords: Cancer; Gene expression; Metabolic flux analysis; Metabolic networks