title: Implementing quality initiatives in healthcare organizations: drivers and challenges.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Various quality initiatives seem to have successful implementation in some healthcare organizations yet fail in others. This paper sets out to study the literature trying to understand drivers and challenges facing quality initiatives implementation in healthcare organizations then compare findings from literature with those of a structured questionnaire answered by 60 representatives from 18 hospitals. Finally it proposes a framework that mitigates challenges and utilizes drivers to ensure best implementation results.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature regarding implementing various quality initiatives in the healthcare sector was reviewed. Representatives from several healthcare organizations were surveyed. Results from both approaches are compared to highlight the key challenges and drivers facing implementers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This research reveals that internal factors related to leadership and employees greatly affect quality initiative success or failure. Design and relevance play a major role in successful implementation. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONs: This research offers healthcare professionals greater success when implementing certain quality initiatives by taking success/failure factors into consideration. A general framework for successful implementation in the healthcare sector is provided.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This article uncovers reasons behind success or failure in a comprehensive and practical way. It also explores how most popular quality initiatives are applied in hospitals.
authors.affiliation: Talal Abu-Ghazaleh Graduate School of Business, German Jordanian University, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: Abdallah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdallah
mesh_terms: D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D006761:Hospitals; D007857:Leadership; D016730:Program Development / Q000379:methods*; D058996:Quality Improvement / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017749:Total Quality Management
keywords: Accreditation; EFQM; Healthcare; Lean; Quality; Six Sigma