title: Sources and characteristics of fine particles over the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea using online single particle aerosol mass spectrometer.
abstract: Marine aerosols over the East China Seas are heavily polluted by continental sources. During the Chinese Comprehensive Ocean Experiment in November 2012, size and mass spectra of individual atmospheric particles in the size range from 0.2 to 2.0 μm were measured on board by a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS). The average hourly particle number (PN) was around 4560±3240 in the South Yellow Sea (SYS), 2900±3970 in the North Yellow Sea (NYS), and 1700±2220 in the Bohai Sea (BS). PN in NYS and BS varied greatly over 3 orders of magnitude, while that in SYS varied slightly. The size distributions were fitted with two log-normal modes. Accumulation mode dominated in NYS and BS, especially during episodic periods. Coarse mode particles played an important role in SYS. Particles were classified using an adaptive resonance theory based neural network algorithm (ART-2a). Six particle types were identified with secondary-containing, aged sea-salt, soot-like, biomass burning, fresh sea-salt, and lead-containing particles accounting for 32%, 21%, 18%, 16%, 4%, and 3% of total PN, respectively. Aerosols in BS were relatively enriched in particles from anthropogenic sources compared to SYS, probably due to emissions from more developed upwind regions and indicating stronger influence of continental outflow on marine environment. Variation of source types depended mainly on origins of transported air masses. This study examined rapid changes in PN, size distribution and source types of fine particles in marine atmospheres. It also demonstrated the effectiveness of high-time-resolution source apportionment by ART-2a.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433,; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. Electronic address: fuhuaiyu2006@163.com.
authors.forename: Huaiyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. Electronic address: mzheng@pku.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Caiqing
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
authors.forename: Huiwang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433,. Electronic address: guozgg@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhigang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Yuanhang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D002681:China; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000737:chemistry*; D012906:Smoke; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D012906:Smoke; D012965:Sodium Chloride
keywords: East China Sea; Marine aerosol; SPAMS; Size and chemical composition; Source apportionment