title: [A clinicopathological analysis of 160 cases of adult Langerhans cell histiocytosis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the clinical features of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), and to improve its early diagnosis and treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of 160 cases of adult LCH from pathology department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 1992 to December 2013 were performed, and their clinical features were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 160 cases, there were 110 male and 50 female, the male to female ratio was 2.2:1. The mean age was 35(18-73) years. There were total 222 lesion sites, including 172(77.5%) osteal lesions, followed by 13(5.8%) lymph nodes and 8(3.6%) oral cavity lesions. The other involved organs were skin(5, 2.2%), liver(5, 2.2%), fossa orbitalis(4, 1.8%), lungs(4, 1.8%), sternoclavicular joint(3, 1.4%), gastrointestinal(2, 0.9%), ear(2, 0.9%), and thyroid (2, 0.9%), adrenal gland (1, 0.5%) and sublingual gland (1, 0.5%). Of 160 cases, 150 (93.8%) had one organ involved while 10 (6.2%) had two or more organs involved. Clinically, 77 cases (48.1%) were misdiagnosed as bone tumors (28 cases, including giant cell tumor, fibrous dysplasia, chondroblastoma, osteoblastoma and osteosarcoma), bone tuberculosis (13 cases), meningioma(9 cases), bone cysts (5 cases), chronic osteomyelitis (5 cases) and diabetes insipidus (5 cases) , skin (4 cases) diseases malignant lymphoma (4 cases), chronic skin ulcers (4 cases), chronic otitis media (1 case), lung (1 case) and oral cancer (1 case).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this group of the adult cases, the ratio of the male patients is higher. Adult LCH occurs predominantly in bone and presents mainly as unisystem single-focal disease, but multi-organ lesion and skin involvement are lower than that reported in the literatures. Just as LCH in children, adult LCH is also easy to be misdiagnosed. We should raise awareness of the disease and pathological examination is helpful for early diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Pathology Department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041,China.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Pathology Department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041,China.
authors.forename: Xiu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: Pathology Department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041,China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Pathology Department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041,China.
authors.forename: Huaxiong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Pathology Department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041,China.
authors.forename: Weiya
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Pathology Department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041,China.
authors.forename: Qunpei
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Pathology Department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041,China.
authors.forename: Dianying
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Pathology Department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041,China.
authors.forename: Weiping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002681:China; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D005260:Female; D006646:Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver; D008198:Lymph Nodes; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012867:Skin; D013961:Thyroid Gland; D055815:Young Adult