title: Nanoscintillator-mediated X-ray inducible photodynamic therapy for in vivo cancer treatment.
abstract: Photodynamic therapy is a promising treatment method, but its applications are limited by the shallow penetration of visible light. Here, we report a novel X-ray inducible photodynamic therapy (X-PDT) approach that allows PDT to be regulated by X-rays. Upon X-ray irradiation, the integrated nanosystem, comprised of a core of a nanoscintillator and a mesoporous silica coating loaded with photosensitizers, converts X-ray photons to visible photons to activate the photosensitizers and cause efficient tumor shrinkage.
authors.affiliation: †Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.|‡Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.|§Department of Radiology, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 157, People's Republic of China.|∥Molecular Imaging Research Center of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 157, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hongmin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: †Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.
authors.forename: Geoffrey D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: ⊥College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.
authors.forename: Yen-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.affiliation: †Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.|‡Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.
authors.forename: Zipeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhen
authors.affiliation: ∇National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20852, United States.
authors.forename: Xiaoyuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: ¶Department of Pathology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, United States.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Biddinger
authors.affiliation: #Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, United States.
authors.forename: Zhonglin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: ⊥College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: §Department of Radiology, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 157, People's Republic of China.|∥Molecular Imaging Research Center of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 157, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Baozhong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: ⊥College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.
authors.forename: Zhengwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: †Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.|‡Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D008027:Light; D053769:Nanocapsules / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014964:X-Ray Therapy / Q000379:methods; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D053769:Nanocapsules; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents
keywords: X-PDT; cancer treatment; nanomedicine; nanoscintillator; radioluminescence nanophosphors; singlet oxygen