title: Prevalence of BRAF and NRAS mutations in cutaneous melanoma patients in Taiwan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  BRAF and NRAS mutations have been described in melanomas among Caucasians and some Asian populations. However, few large-scale studies have investigated the status and clinical significance of BRAF and NRAS mutations in a Taiwanese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Melanoma samples (n = 119) were analyzed for mutations in exons 11 and 15 of the BRAF gene, and in exons 1 and 2 of the NRAS gene. The samples were studied in genomic DNA, using polymerase chain reaction amplification and Sanger sequencing. Mutations of the BRAF and NRAS genes were then correlated with clinicopathological features and patients' prognosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of somatic mutations within the BRAF and NRAS genes was 14.3% (17/119 patients) and 10.1% (12/119 patients), respectively. Among the 17 patients with BRAF mutations, 15 (88.2%) had V600E mutations. BRAF mutation was frequently detected in younger patients (p = 0.0035), in thin melanomas (p = 0.0181), and in melanomas with less ulceration (p = 0.0089). NRAS mutation was more often seen in patients with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.0332). Both BRAF and NRAS mutations were not significantly correlated with overall survival and disease-free survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As BRAF and NRAS mutations are rare in Taiwan, BRAF- or NRAS-targeted therapies may be effective only for selected Taiwanese melanoma patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Shuan
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Sheen
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jau-Yu
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Liau
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hisn-Chu, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Hsien
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Chun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shiou-Hwa
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jee
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: chiayu@ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chia-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009154:Mutation; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / Q000235:genetics*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms; D013624:Taiwan; D055815:Young Adult; D000096142:Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; C482119:BRAF protein, human; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases; C579846:NRAS protein, human
keywords: BRAF mutation; NRAS mutation; melanoma