title: Varying goals and approaches of innovation centers in academic health systems: a semistructured qualitative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The medical community has seen a high level of interest in innovation over recent years. In response, health systems and medical centers have established innovation offices or centers, but their processes and practices for fostering innovation are not well understood. This information could help leaders in the medical community discern and develop criteria for assessing the tools and approaches most effective in fostering innovation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors outlined a framework for examining factors involved when health systems attempt to foster innovation, and used the framework to design a semistructured qualitative interview study to collect information in 2012 and 2013 about how a purposive sample of three health systems have implemented strategies for fostering and supporting innovation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All interview sites carried out some form of in-house innovation strategy, and experienced institution-level barriers to innovation. A common barrier was having the right resources and infrastructure to support the transition from prototype and pilot to operations. All sites had funding support from senior leadership, but success metrics took different forms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated the usefulness of the framework for conceptualizing innovation in medicine and suggests the potential of collecting data to support the assessment of innovation programs. In the three centers studied, the authors found a range of strategies employed to foster innovation and a range of criteria used to assess success of the program. Further study should examine a larger sample of institutions and be carried out over a longer time frame to allow for assessment of success.
authors.affiliation: R.M. Speck is adjunct assistant professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and senior research associate, Evidera, Seattle, Washington. R.W. Weisberg is professor and director of graduate studies, Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. L.A. Fleisher is chair and Robert Dunning Dripps Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Rebecca M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Speck
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Weisberg
authors.forename: Lee A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Fleisher
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D009936:Organizational Innovation; D009937:Organizational Objectives; D010865:Pilot Projects; D036301:Qualitative Research; D014481:United States