title: Iatrogenic nocturnal eneuresis – an overlooked side effect of anti histamines?
abstract: Nocturnal enuresis is a common disorder in childhood, but its pathophysiological mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Iatrogenic nocturnal enuresis has been described following treatment with several psychotropic medications. Herein, we describe a 6-year-old child who experienced nocturnal enuresis during treatment with the antihistamine cetirizine. Drug rechallenge was positive. Several neurotransmitters are implicated in the pathogenesis of nocturnal enuresis, including noradrenaline, serotonin and dopamine. Antihistamine treatment may provoke functional imbalance of these pathways resulting in incontinence.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Italiano
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Italiano
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Genovese
authors.affiliation: Allergology and Immunology Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Calabrò
mesh_terms: D017332:Cetirizine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D039563:Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D053206:Nocturnal Enuresis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D039563:Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating; D017332:Cetirizine