title: Direct detection of fungal siderophores on bats with white-nose syndrome via fluorescence microscopy-guided ambient ionization mass spectrometry.
abstract: White-nose syndrome (WNS) caused by the pathogenic fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans is decimating the populations of several hibernating North American bat species. Little is known about the molecular interplay between pathogen and host in this disease. Fluorescence microscopy ambient ionization mass spectrometry was used to generate metabolic profiles from the wings of both healthy and diseased bats of the genus Myotis. Fungal siderophores, molecules that scavenge iron from the environment, were detected on the wings of bats with WNS, but not on healthy bats. This work is among the first examples in which microbial molecules are directly detected from an infected host and highlights the ability of atmospheric ionization methodologies to provide direct molecular insight into infection.
authors.affiliation: Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America.
authors.forename: Samantha J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Mascuch
authors.affiliation: Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America.
authors.forename: Wilna J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Moree
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America.
authors.forename: Cheng-Chih
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Pennsylvania Game Commission, 2001 Elemerton Ave., Harrisburg, PA 17110, United States of America.
authors.forename: Gregory G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America.
authors.forename: Tina L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: United States Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, 6006 Schroeder Road, Madison, WI 53711, United States of America.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Blehert
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America.
authors.forename: A Marm
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kilpatrick
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America.
authors.forename: Winifred F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Frick
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Meehan
authors.affiliation: Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America.
authors.forename: Pieter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Dorrestein
authors.affiliation: Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America.
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gerwick
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002685:Chiroptera / Q000382:microbiology*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D017262:Siderophores / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018629:Spectrometry, Mass, Secondary Ion
chemical_list: D017262:Siderophores