title: Holes in teeth - Dental caries in Neolithic and Early Bronze Age populations in Central Germany.
abstract: This study provides diachronic insight into the epidemiology of carious defects in teeth of Neolithic and Early Bronze Age populations in Central Germany over a period of 4000 years. The data were retrieved from skeletal remains uncovered at 21 sites throughout the Middle Elbe-Saale region (MES), comprising a total of 494 individuals with preserved teeth. The data generated were examined for age- and sex-related differences in order to gain information about the dietary habits and socio-economic structures of the period with the goal of identifying potential diachronic changes. The results indicated that dietary habits changed over the course of the Neolithic period: the prevalence of caries significantly decreased between the Early and Late Neolithic. The adults from the Early Neolithic sample, particularly those from the LBK bore the highest rate of caries. This highlights the essential importance of cereals in the diet of the early farmers in the Middle Elbe-Saale region. As time went on, meat and dairy products became more and more important, which had a positive impact on dental health. The data also show sex-specific differences: women were more often affected by caries than men and female jaws also generally exhibited greater numbers of carious teeth than their male counterparts. Dental health is a reflection of both biological factors and of economic and sociocultural structures.
authors.affiliation: State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, Richard-Wagner Str. 9, 06114 Halle (Saale), Germany; Center for Natural and Cultural History of the Teeth, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstr. 124, 3500 Krems, Austria. Electronic address: nnicklisch@archlsa.de.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nicklisch
authors.affiliation: State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, Richard-Wagner Str. 9, 06114 Halle (Saale), Germany. Electronic address: rganslmeier@lda.mk.sachsen-anhalt.de.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ganslmeier
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Colonel-Kleinmann-Weg 2, 55128 Mainz, Germany. Electronic address: angelina.siebert@uni-mainz.de.
authors.forename: Angelina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siebert
authors.affiliation: State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, Richard-Wagner Str. 9, 06114 Halle (Saale), Germany. Electronic address: sfriederich@lda.mk.sachsen-anhalt.de.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Friederich
authors.affiliation: State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, Richard-Wagner Str. 9, 06114 Halle (Saale), Germany. Electronic address: hmeller@lda.mk.sachsen-anhalt.de.
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meller
authors.affiliation: State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, Richard-Wagner Str. 9, 06114 Halle (Saale), Germany; Center for Natural and Cultural History of the Teeth, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstr. 124, 3500 Krems, Austria. Electronic address: kalt@archlsa.de.
authors.forename: Kurt W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Alt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000383:Agriculture; D003469:Culture; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012737:Sex Factors; D012863:Skeleton; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Caries; Central Germany; Dental health; Diet; Early Bronze Age; Neolithic