title: Characterization of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) in the spleen and thymus of Swiss albino mice and its modulation in experimental endotoxemia.
abstract: Expression of innate immune receptors varies among organs and species and within different strains among the same species; thus, periodic classification of different pattern recognition receptors in the available strains is necessary to initiate different therapeutic approaches to combat inflammation. On characterization of TLR-4 in spleen and thymus of Swiss albino mice--with no reports of TLR-4 expression--induced with endotoxemia, it was found that the mode of expression varied among the organs at both mRNA and protein level in a time-dependent manner. Their functionality was verified by measuring proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. In the in vitro study using isolated macrophages and lymphocytes from the same organs, the expression of TLR-4 after a shorter period of LPS stimulation was verified. The results substantiated the potent role of macrophage on LPS challenge compared to lymphocytes. The diverse pattern of TLR-4 expression on different cell population indicated their distinct functional activity in LPS-endotoxemia. It may be hypothesized that the expression patterns of TLR-4 could be different based on the anatomical localization and the varying bacterial milieu or bacterial endotoxin encountered in each anatomical location. Thus, blocking TLR-4 or administering IL-6 or IL-10 might impart protection against endotoxemia in the clinical field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700009, India.
authors.forename: Chandrayee
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700009, India.
authors.forename: Biswadev
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bishayi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015870:Gene Expression; D056747:Immunomodulation; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D002097:C-Reactive Protein