title: Tele-Supervised FES-Assisted Exercise for Hemiplegic Upper Limb.
abstract: Stroke survivors often have upper limb (UL) hemiparesis, limiting their ability to perform activities of daily life (ADLs). Intensive, task-oriented exercise therapy (ET) can improve UL function, but motivation to perform sufficient ET is difficult to maintain. Here, we report on a trial in which a workstation was deployed in the homes of chronic stroke survivors to enable tele-coaching of ET in the guise of computer games. Participants performed six weeks of 1 h/day, five days/week ET. Hand opening and grasp were assisted with functional electrical stimulation (FES). The primary outcome measure was the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT). Secondary outcome measures included a quantitative test of UL function performed on the workstation, grasp force measurements and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Improvements were seen in the functional tests, but surprisingly, not in the TMS responses. An important finding was that participants commencing with intermediate functional scores improved the most.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1) Daily, tele-supervised FES-ET in chronic stroke survivors is feasible with commercially-available technology. (2) The intervention can significantly improve UL function, particularly in people who start with an intermediate level of function. (3) Significant improvements in UL function can occur in the absence of changes in TMS responses.
authors.forename: Alison R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Buick
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kowalczewski
authors.forename: Richard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Carson
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prochazka
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018910:Video Games