title: Generation and identification of anti-inflammatory peptides from bovine β-casein using enzyme preparations from cod and hog.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the present study was to generate and identify potential anti-inflammatory peptides from bovine β-casein with enzyme preparations from cod and hog. Furthermore, the potential of cod trypsin, derived from fishery by-products, to produce these bioactive peptides for replacement of non-food-grade tosyl phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone (TPCK)-treated porcine trypsin enzyme preparation was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Potential anti-inflammatory peptides were obtained by hydrolysis of β-casein with the tryptic enzyme preparations cod trypsin, porcine trypsin (TPCK-treated) and a porcine trypsin and chymotrypsin preparation (PTN 6.0 S). Proteolysates generated with enzyme preparations containing mainly chymotryptic activity (Cryotin, Cryotin F) did not exhibit any effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The more chymotryptic enzyme activity is present, the lower is the potential anti-inflammatory activity of the hydrolysates in HEK(nfκb-RE) cells. Comparable peptides were produced by application of porcine trypsin (TPCK) and cod trypsin. Therefore, the enzyme preparation cod trypsin can replace the non-food-grade porcine enzyme preparation trypsin (TPCK) for the generation of potential anti-inflammatory peptides from β-casein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Max Rubner-Institut Kiel, 24103 Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Altmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Max Rubner-Institut Kiel, 24103 Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wutkowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Max Rubner-Institut Kiel, 24103 Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klempt
authors.affiliation: Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Max Rubner-Institut Kiel, 24103 Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Clawin-Rädecker
authors.affiliation: Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Max Rubner-Institut Kiel, 24103 Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meisel
authors.affiliation: Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Max Rubner-Institut Kiel, 24103 Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter Chr
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Lorenzen
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002364:Caseins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle; D002460:Cell Line; D002918:Chymotrypsin / Q000378:metabolism; D005525:Food-Processing Industry; D048389:Gadus morhua; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine; D014357:Trypsin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D002364:Caseins; D007220:Industrial Waste; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010455:Peptides; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D002918:Chymotrypsin; D014357:Trypsin
keywords: anti-inflammatory peptides; enzymatic hydrolysis; identification of peptides; tryptic/chymotryptic enzymes; β-casein hydrolysates