title: Relationship between growth of facial morphology and chronologic age in preschool children with obstructive sleep apnea.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between facial morphology using cephalometry and chronologic age in preschool children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
  
  
  METHODS
  From a group of lateral cephalometric radiographs taken of 35 children with OSA for diagnostic purposes, 15 were selected for the present investigation based on head position. The subjects consisted of preschool children with both OSA and primary dentition, all of them with a lowest documented SpO(2) <90% and a lowest 0 <AI. The control group included 15 preschool children with primary dentition and without enlarged tonsils or adenoids.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The present findings reveal that, compared to the controls, OSA children had a narrower pharyngeal airway space related to OSA. In addition, we found that, although there were direct correlations between heights, nasal floor and corpus length, with chronologic age in the controls, there was no significant correlation between height, nasal floor length or corpus length with age in the OSA children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obstructive sleep apnea in children may be associated with growth disturbances of the nasal floor and corpus length.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Hongo 3-1-3, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo 113-8431 ; Division of Orthodontics, Department of Human Development and Fostering, Meikai University, School of Dentistry, Keyakidai 1-1, Sakado, Saitama Prefecture 350-0283.
authors.forename: Shigeto
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawashima
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Hongo 3-1-3, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo 113-8431.
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Hongo 3-1-3, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo 113-8431.
authors.forename: Mitsuyo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shinohara
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthodontics, Department of Human Development and Fostering, Meikai University, School of Dentistry, Keyakidai 1-1, Sakado, Saitama Prefecture 350-0283.
authors.forename: Mikiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mano
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthodontics, Department of Human Development and Fostering, Meikai University, School of Dentistry, Keyakidai 1-1, Sakado, Saitama Prefecture 350-0283.
authors.forename: Haruhide
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanegae
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Kandasurugadai 1-8-13, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Namaki
keywords: Children; OSA; growth; pharynx; weight