title: Antiinflammatory and Wound Healing Effects of Caesalpinia sappan L.
abstract: Extracted compounds from Caesalpinia sappan L. were examined for the inhibitory activity against NO, PGE2 , and TNF-α productions and on associated transcription levels using RAW264.7 cells. They were also tested for their effects on wound healing using fibroblast L929 cells. Among the compounds tested, brazilin (8) was the most effective against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells with an IC50 value of 10.3 μM, followed by sappanchalcone (2, 31.0 μM). Brazilin (8) also inhibited PGE2 and TNF-α production with IC50 values of 12.6 and 87.2 μM, respectively. The antiinflammatory mechanism of brazilin involved down regulation of the mRNA expressions of the iNOS, COX-2, and TNF-α genes in a dose-dependent manner. An ethanol (EtOH) extract of C. sappan significantly increased fibroblast proliferation, fibroblast migration, and collagen production, whereas brazilin (8) only stimulated fibroblast migration. In addition, the EtOH extract showed no acute toxicity in mice, and it was therefore safe to make use of its potent antiinflammatory and wound healing activities. Brazilin was mainly responsible for its antiinflammatory effect through its ability to inhibit the production of NO, PGE2 , and TNF-α. This study supports the traditional use of C. sappan for treatment of inflammatory-related diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.|Excellent Research Laboratory, Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla Univesity, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.
authors.forename: Supinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tewtrakul
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.
authors.forename: Pattreeya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tungcharoen
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Oriental Medicine, Rangsit University, Patumthani, 12000, Thailand.
authors.forename: Teeratad
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sudsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.
authors.forename: Chatchanok
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Karalai
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.
authors.forename: Chanita
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ponglimanont
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.
authors.forename: Orapun
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yodsaoue
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029911:Caesalpinia / Q000737:chemistry*; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D047188:Chalcones / Q000494:pharmacology; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001578:Benzopyrans; D047188:Chalcones; D024042:Collagen Type I; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C044363:sappanchalcone; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C044362:brazilin; D015232:Dinoprostone
keywords: COX-2; Caesalpinia sappan; NO production; RAW264.7 cells; fibroblast L929 cells; iNOS