title: Mesiodistal inclination of the unerupted second premolar in the mandible of Japanese orthodontic patients with incisor agenesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the mesiodistal inclination of the unerupted mandibular second premolar (MnP2) in cases of mandibular incisor (MnIc) agenesis and unilateral MnP2 agenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two cases of unilateral MnP2 agenesis (MnP2 agenesis group) and a control group (control group A) of 22 cases without permanent tooth agenesis excluding third molars were selected. Thirty-six cases of MnIc agenesis (MnIc agenesis group) and another control group (control group B) of 36 subjects were also selected. Mesiodistal inclination of the unerupted MnP2 on the panoramic X-rays was measured according to the distal angle and premolar-molar angle using the methods of Shalish et al. and Baccetti et al., respectively. Differences in mean values of the angular measurements between agenesis groups and corresponding controls were investigated (unpaired t-test).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the MnP2 agenesis group, the mean distal angle decreased 12.3° and the mean premolar-molar angle increased 13.3° for the MnP2 compared with control group A (both P < .001). In the MnIc agenesis group, no significant differences in the means of those angles for the MnP2 were found when compared with control group B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In Japanese orthodontic patients, there is a relationship between unilateral MnP2 agenesis and the mesiodistal angulation of the unerupted MnP2. However, no significant relationship was observed between MnIc agenesis (which relationship is often seen in Asian populations) and the position of the unerupted MnP2. These results suggest that different genetic factors are involved in MnP2 agenesis and MnIc agenesis.
authors.affiliation: a   Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kure
authors.affiliation: b   Professor and Chair, Department of Orthodontics, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhito
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D044466:Asian People; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000002:abnormalities*; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology*; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D014078:Tooth Eruption; D014097:Tooth, Unerupted / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Dental anomaly patterns; Mandibular incisor agenesis; Mesiodistal angulation of unerupted mandibular second premolar