title: Prediction of the damage-associated non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human MC1R gene.
abstract: The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) is involved in the control of melanogenesis. Polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with variation in skin and hair color and with elevated risk for the development of melanoma. Here we used 11 computational tools based on different approaches to predict the damage-associated non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in the coding region of the human MC1R gene. Among the 92 nsSNPs arranged according to the predictions 62% were classified as damaging in more than five tools. The classification was significantly correlated with the scores of two consensus programs. Alleles associated with the red hair color (RHC) phenotype and with the risk of melanoma were examined. The R variants D84E, R142H, R151C, I155T, R160W and D294H were classified as damaging by the majority of the tools while the r variants V60L, V92M and R163Q have been predicted as neutral in most of the programs The combination of the prediction tools results in 14 nsSNPs indicated as the most damaging mutations in MC1R (L48P, R67W, H70Y, P72L, S83P, R151H, S172I, L206P, T242I, G255R, P256S, C273Y, C289R and R306H); C273Y showed to be highly damaging in SIFT, Polyphen-2, MutPred, PANTHER and PROVEAN scores. The computational analysis proved capable of identifying the potentially damaging nsSNPs in MC1R, which are candidates for further laboratory studies of the functional and pharmacological significance of the alterations in the receptor and the phenotypic outcomes.
authors: Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul-Câmpus Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors: Diego
authors: D
authors: Hepp
authors: Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Antofagasta, 1520 Arica, Chile.
authors: Gislene Lopes
authors: GL
authors: Gonçalves
authors: Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors: Thales Renato Ochotorena
authors: TR
authors: de Freitas
mesh_terms: D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods*; D016384:Consensus Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D044102:Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D012984:Software
chemical_list: D044102:Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1