title: Viral noncoding RNAs: more surprises.
abstract: Eukaryotic cells produce several classes of long and small noncoding RNA (ncRNA). Many DNA and RNA viruses synthesize their own ncRNAs. Like their host counterparts, viral ncRNAs associate with proteins that are essential for their stability, function, or both. Diverse biological roles--including the regulation of viral replication, viral persistence, host immune evasion, and cellular transformation--have been ascribed to viral ncRNAs. In this review, we focus on the multitude of functions played by ncRNAs produced by animal viruses. We also discuss their biogenesis and mechanisms of action.
authors: Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, USA.
authors: Kazimierz T
authors: KT
authors: Tycowski
authors: Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, USA.
authors: Yang Eric
authors: YE
authors: Guo
authors: Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, USA.
authors: Nara
authors: N
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, USA.
authors: Walter N
authors: WN
authors: Moss
authors: Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, USA.
authors: Tenaya K
authors: TK
authors: Vallery
authors: Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, USA.
authors: Mingyi
authors: M
authors: Xie
authors: Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, USA joan.steitz@yale.edu.
authors: Joan A
authors: JA
authors: Steitz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics; D012328:RNA Viruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: gene regulation; lncRNA; miRNA; ribonucleoprotein; sisRNA; virus