title: Efficacy of alphacypermethrin-treated high density polyethylene mesh applied to jet stalls housing horses against Culicoides biting midges in South Africa.
abstract: The efficacy of alphacypermethrin-treated high density polyethylene (HDPE) mesh applied to jet stalls against Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) was determined by mechanical aspiration of midges from horses and using Onderstepoort 220 V downdraught black light traps in four blocks of a 3 × 2 randomised design under South African field conditions. The alphacypermethrin-treated HDPE mesh applied to the stall significantly (P = 0.008) reduced the number of Culicoides midges, predominantly Culicoides (Avaritia) imicola Kieffer, mechanically aspirated from horses housed in the stall. The mesh reduced the Culicoides midge attack rate in the treated stall compared to the untreated stall and a sentinel horse by 6 times and 14 times, respectively. The number of Culicoides midges and C. imicola collected in light traps from the untreated and alphacypermethrin HDPE mesh-treated stalls did not differ significantly (P = 0.82). Alphacypermethrin-treated HDPE mesh could be used to reduce exposure of horses in jet stalls to Culicoides midges, specifically C. imicola, and the risk of midge-borne Orbivirus transmission.
authors: Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa. Electronic address: patrick.page@up.ac.za.
authors: P C
authors: PC
authors: Page
authors: PVVD, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Labuschagne
authors: PVVD, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
authors: G J
authors: GJ
authors: Venter
authors: Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
authors: J P
authors: JP
authors: Schoeman
authors: Equine Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
authors: A J
authors: AJ
authors: Guthrie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002519:Ceratopogonidae / Q000187:drug effects*; D003487:Cyanoacrylates; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006736:Horses; D007299:Insect Bites and Stings / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013019:South Africa
chemical_list: D003487:Cyanoacrylates; D007306:Insecticides; D011722:Pyrethrins; C558475:poly(ethylcyanoacrylate); C017160:cypermethrin
keywords: African horse sickness; Culicoides imicola; Light trap; Mechanical aspiration; Pyrethroid