title: Adenovirus membrane penetration: Tickling the tail of a sleeping dragon.
abstract: As is the case for nearly every viral pathogen, non-enveloped viruses (NEV) must maintain their integrity under potentially harsh environmental conditions while retaining the ability to undergo rapid disassembly at the right time and right place inside host cells. NEVs generally exist in this metastable state until they encounter key cellular stimuli such as membrane receptors, decreased intracellular pH, digestion by cellular proteases, or a combination of these factors. These stimuli trigger conformational changes in the viral capsid that exposes a sequestered membrane-perturbing protein. This protein subsequently modifies the cell membrane in such a way as to allow passage of the virion and accompanying nucleic acid payload into the cell cytoplasm. Different NEVs employ variations of this general pathway for cell entry (Moyer and Nemerow, 2011, Curr. Opin. Virol., 1, 44-49), however this review will focus on significant new knowledge obtained on cell entry by human adenovirus (HAdV).
authors: Loyola University Chicago, 2016 S. First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
authors: Christopher M
authors: CM
authors: Wiethoff
authors: The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Electronic address: gnemerow@scripps.edu.
authors: Glen R
authors: GR
authors: Nemerow
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D053586:Virus Internalization
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins
keywords: Adenovirus; Cell trafficking; Innate immunity; Membrane destruction; Protein VI; Receptors; Virus structure