title: Association of Atmospheric Particulate Matter and Ozone with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ambient air pollution has been linked to the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, evidence of the association is very limited, and no study has estimated the effects of ozone.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to determine the association of prenatal exposures to particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) with GDM.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used Florida birth vital statistics records to investigate the association between the risk of GDM and two air pollutants (PM2.5 and O3) among 410,267 women who gave birth in Florida between 2004 and 2005. Individual air pollution exposure was assessed at the woman's home address at time of delivery using the hierarchical Bayesian space-time statistical model. We further estimated associations between air pollution exposures during different trimesters and GDM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After controlling for nine covariates, we observed increased odds of GDM with per 5-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 (ORTrimester1 = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.21; ORTrimester2 = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.20; ORPregnancy = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.26) and per 5-ppb increase in O3 (ORTrimester1 = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.11; ORTrimester2 = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.14; ORPregnancy = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.15, 1.21) during both the first trimester and second trimester as well as the full pregnancy in single-pollutant models. Compared with the single-pollutant model, the ORs for O3 were almost identical in the co-pollutant model. However, the ORs for PM2.5 during the first trimester and the full pregnancy were attenuated, and no association was observed for PM2.5 during the second trimester in the co-pollutant model (OR = 1.02; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.07).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This population-based study suggests that exposure to air pollution during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of GDM in Florida, USA.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Hu H, Ha S, Henderson BH, Warner TD, Roth J, Kan H, Xu X. 2015. Association of atmospheric particulate matter and ozone with gestational diabetes mellitus. Environ Health Perspect 123:853-859; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408456.
authors: Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine.
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Hu
authors: Sandie
authors: S
authors: Ha
authors: Barron H
authors: BH
authors: Henderson
authors: Tamara D
authors: TD
authors: Warner
authors: Jeffrey
authors: J
authors: Roth
authors: Haidong
authors: H
authors: Kan
authors: Xiaohui
authors: X
authors: Xu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D010126:Ozone / Q000009:adverse effects*; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D052638:Particulate Matter; D010126:Ozone