title: Walking improves sleep in individuals with cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of walking exercise on sleep in people with cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Databases searched included China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, CINAHL®, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, PsycINFO®, PubMed, Wanfang Data, and Web of Science.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine randomized, controlled trials involving 599 patients were included. Most of the studies used moderate-intensity walking exercise. Overall, walking exercise significantly improved sleep in people with cancer (Hedges' g = –0.52). Moderator analyses showed that walking exercise alone and walking exercise combined with other forms of interventions yielded comparable effects on sleep improvement, and that the effect size did not differ among participants who were at different stages of cancer. The effect sizes for studies involving individuals with breast cancer and for studies including individuals with other types of cancer were similar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Moderate-intensity walking exercise is effective in improving sleep in individuals with cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors' findings support the inclusion of walking exercise into the multimodal approaches to managing sleep in people with cancer. Healthcare providers must convey the benefits of walking exercise to individuals with cancer who are suffering from sleep problems.
authors: Taipei Medical University.
authors: Hsiao-Yean
authors: HY
authors: Chiu
authors: Cardinal Tien College of Healthcare and Management.
authors: Hui-Chuan
authors: HC
authors: Huang
authors: Chang Gung University.
authors: Pin-Yuan
authors: PY
authors: Chen
authors: Taipei Medical University.
authors: Wen-Hsuan
authors: WH
authors: Hou
authors: Taipei Medical University.
authors: Pei-Shan
authors: PS
authors: Tsai
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D016138:Walking
keywords: exercise; sleep; walking