title: Is There a Role for Active Surveillance in Low-Risk Prostate Cancer?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Active surveillance (AS) represents an expectant treatment strategy for clinically localized prostate cancer (PCa) with low-risk features.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The actual management as well as the pros and cons of AS were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of the recent literature was performed using the Medline databases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since a substantial number of men die with rather than from PCa, there is a considerable role for AS in carefully selected men. AS may also represent a strategy to reduce the burden of overtreatment rooted in intensified PSA testing. Facing the imprecision of risk stratification based on transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy, accurate clinical staging represents a major medical challenge. Counseling and care require empathy as well as a profound understanding of the biology and the natural history of PCa.
authors: Department of Urology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
authors: Herbert
authors: H
authors: Augustin
authors: Katrin
authors: K
authors: Mayerhofer
authors: Maximilian
authors: M
authors: Seles
authors: Karl
authors: K
authors: Pummer
mesh_terms: D018450:Disease Progression; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D061705:Image-Guided Biopsy; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D008495:Medical Oncology / Q000592:standards; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen