title: Clinical and Radiological Long-Term Outcome of a Tapered Implant System with Special Emphasis on the Influence of Augmentation Procedures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tapered implant designs aim to improve primary stability and implant survival in soft bone. However, respective clinical long-term data are scarce. Therefore, a clinical and radiological evaluation of the long-term success of a transgingival-supracrestal inserted tapered implant system with special emphasis on the influence of augmentation procedures was conducted.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective study design, all in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany, between May 2002 and March 2012, placed tapered implants (Straumann TE®, Basel, Switzerland) were analyzed. In this time period, a total of one hundred ninety-seven tapered implants were inserted in 90 patients. For patients available for clinical recall, success criteria according to Albrektsson and Buser were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The in situ rate was 96.3% after an average time in situ of 62 ± 31 months. In one hundred twenty-seven sites, bone augmentation procedures were performed. Hereof, 96 sites were sinus augmentation procedures and 31 sites were alveolar ridge augmentations. For patients with sinus augmentation procedures, implant survival was 97.9% and for patients with alveolar ridge augmentations, implant survival was 93.5% after 5 years, indicating a higher implant survival for sinus augmentation, however not statistically different (p = .194). Implant diameter and timing of implant placement had no significant impact on implant survival (p > .05). Mean marginal bone loss was -0.50 ± 1.54 mm for patients receiving maxillary sinus augmentation and -1.16 ± 1.13 mm for patients with alveolar ridge augmentations, indicating a lower marginal bone loss in patients receiving maxillary sinus augmentation (p = .046). Implant success rates ranged between 88% and 92% after a mean follow-up of 6 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limits of the retrospective character of this study, the tapered soft tissue level implant showed especially in maxillary sinus augmentation promising long-term survival and success rates and a low peri-implant bone resorption compared with the literature.
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Plastic Surgery, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
authors: Eik
authors: E
authors: Schiegnitz
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Plastic Surgery, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
authors: Bilal
authors: B
authors: Al-Nawas
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Plastic Surgery, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
authors: Alexander
authors: A
authors: Tegner
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Plastic Surgery, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
authors: Keyvan
authors: K
authors: Sagheb
authors: Department of Mathematics and Technology, University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, Remagen, Germany.|Institute of Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Informatics, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
authors: Manfred
authors: M
authors: Berres
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Plastic Surgery, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
authors: Peer W
authors: PW
authors: Kämmerer
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Plastic Surgery, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
authors: Wilfried
authors: W
authors: Wagner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D059546:Sinus Floor Augmentation / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants
keywords: alveolar ridge reconstruction; bone augmentation; crestal bone loss; long-term survival; sinus augmentation; tapered implants