title: Sonographic appearance of thyroid cancer in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the sonographic appearance of thyroid cancer differs in patients with and without Hashimoto thyroiditis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with histologically proven thyroid cancer who had thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies measured and sonography performed preoperatively were included. We evaluated each nodule for size, echogenicity, composition, margins, halo, and vascularity and evaluated the background heterogeneity of the gland.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 162 thyroid cancers in 145 patients. Forty-two patients (29.0%) had Hashimoto thyroiditis with positive TPO antibodies, and 103 patients (71.0%) had negative TPO antibodies. The background echogenicity was more often heterogeneous in TPO antibody-positive patients compared to those who had negative TPO antibodies (57.1% versus 26.2%; P= .0005). Comparing cancers in TPO antibody-positive to TPO antibody-negative patients, there was no significant difference in the size, echogenicity, composition, margins, halo presence, calcification presence and type, or vascularity of the cancerous nodule (P > .05). Among TPO antibody-positive patients, comparing thyroid cancerous nodules in patients with heterogeneous glands to those with homogeneous glands, there was no significant difference in any sonographic characteristic except the margin of the nodule, which was more often irregular or poorly defined in heterogeneous glands and more often smooth in homogeneous glands (P< .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sonographic features of thyroid cancer are similar in patients with and without Hashimoto thyroiditis. Among patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis and thyroid cancer, the sonographic appearance of the cancerous nodule is similar, except that cancerous nodule margins are more likely to be irregular or poorly defined when the gland is heterogeneous.
authors: Department of Radiology (S.M.D., C.B.B., M.C.F.) and Department of Medicine, Thyroid Section, Division of Endocrinology, Hypertension, and Diabetes (D.M.A., E.K.A.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts USA. sdurfee@partners.org.
authors: Sara M
authors: SM
authors: Durfee
authors: Department of Radiology (S.M.D., C.B.B., M.C.F.) and Department of Medicine, Thyroid Section, Division of Endocrinology, Hypertension, and Diabetes (D.M.A., E.K.A.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts USA.
authors: Carol B
authors: CB
authors: Benson
authors: Department of Radiology (S.M.D., C.B.B., M.C.F.) and Department of Medicine, Thyroid Section, Division of Endocrinology, Hypertension, and Diabetes (D.M.A., E.K.A.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts USA.
authors: Dylan M
authors: DM
authors: Arthaud
authors: Department of Radiology (S.M.D., C.B.B., M.C.F.) and Department of Medicine, Thyroid Section, Division of Endocrinology, Hypertension, and Diabetes (D.M.A., E.K.A.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts USA.
authors: Erik K
authors: EK
authors: Alexander
authors: Department of Radiology (S.M.D., C.B.B., M.C.F.) and Department of Medicine, Thyroid Section, Division of Endocrinology, Hypertension, and Diabetes (D.M.A., E.K.A.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts USA.
authors: Mary C
authors: MC
authors: Frates
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D050031:Hashimoto Disease / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Hashimoto thyroiditis; head and neck ultrasound; sonography; thyroid cancer