title: Suicide ideation and bullying among US adolescents: examining the intersections of sexual orientation, gender, and race/ethnicity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined how race/ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation shape adolescents' likelihood of being bullied and vulnerability to suicide ideation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed pooled data from the 2009 and 2011 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (n = 75 344) to assess race/ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation variation in being bullied and suicide ideation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  White and Hispanic gay and bisexual males, White lesbian and bisexual females, and Hispanic bisexual females were more likely to be bullied than were White heterosexual adolescents. Black lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths' vulnerability to being bullied was not significantly different from that of White heterosexual youths. Black and Hispanic heterosexual youths were less likely to be bullied than were White heterosexual youths. Despite differences in the likelihood of being bullied, sexual minority youths were more likely to report suicide ideation, regardless of their race/ethnicity, their gender, or whether they have been bullied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future research should examine how adolescents' intersecting identities shape their experience of victimization and suicidality. School personnel should develop antibullying and antihomophobia policies in response to the disproportionate risk of being bullied and reporting suicidality among sexual minority youths.
authors: Anna S. Mueller, Wesley James, Seth Abrutyn, and Martin L. Levin are with the Department of Sociology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN.
authors: Anna S
authors: AS
authors: Mueller
authors: Wesley
authors: W
authors: James
authors: Seth
authors: S
authors: Abrutyn
authors: Martin L
authors: ML
authors: Levin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D058445:Bullying; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D013405:Suicide / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology