title: Roles and programming of Arabidopsis ARGONAUTE proteins during Turnip mosaic virus infection.
abstract: In eukaryotes, ARGONAUTE proteins (AGOs) associate with microRNAs (miRNAs), short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and other classes of small RNAs to regulate target RNA or target loci. Viral infection in plants induces a potent and highly specific antiviral RNA silencing response characterized by the formation of virus-derived siRNAs. Arabidopsis thaliana has ten AGO genes of which AGO1, AGO2, and AGO7 have been shown to play roles in antiviral defense. A genetic analysis was used to identify and characterize the roles of AGO proteins in antiviral defense against Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) in Arabidopsis. AGO1, AGO2 and AGO10 promoted anti-TuMV defense in a modular way in various organs, with AGO2 providing a prominent antiviral role in leaves. AGO5, AGO7 and AGO10 had minor effects in leaves. AGO1 and AGO10 had overlapping antiviral functions in inflorescence tissues after systemic movement of the virus, although the roles of AGO1 and AGO10 accounted for only a minor amount of the overall antiviral activity. By combining AGO protein immunoprecipitation with high-throughput sequencing of associated small RNAs, AGO2, AGO10, and to a lesser extent AGO1 were shown to associate with siRNAs derived from silencing suppressor (HC-Pro)-deficient TuMV-AS9, but not with siRNAs derived from wild-type TuMV. Co-immunoprecipitation and small RNA sequencing revealed that viral siRNAs broadly associated with wild-type HC-Pro during TuMV infection. These results support the hypothesis that suppression of antiviral silencing during TuMV infection, at least in part, occurs through sequestration of virus-derived siRNAs away from antiviral AGO proteins by HC-Pro. These findings indicate that distinct AGO proteins function as antiviral modules, and provide a molecular explanation for the silencing suppressor activity of HC-Pro.
authors: Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America; Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America.
authors: Hernan
authors: H
authors: Garcia-Ruiz
authors: Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America; Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America.
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: Carbonell
authors: Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America; Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America; Computational and Systems Biology Program, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America.
authors: J Steen
authors: JS
authors: Hoyer
authors: Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America; Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America.
authors: Noah
authors: N
authors: Fahlgren
authors: Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America.
authors: Kerrigan B
authors: KB
authors: Gilbert
authors: Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America.
authors: Atsushi
authors: A
authors: Takeda
authors: Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America.
authors: Annalisa
authors: A
authors: Giampetruzzi
authors: Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America.
authors: Mayra T
authors: MT
authors: Garcia Ruiz
authors: Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America.
authors: Michaela G
authors: MG
authors: McGinn
authors: Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America.
authors: Nicholas
authors: N
authors: Lowery
authors: Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America.
authors: Maria T
authors: MT
authors: Martinez Baladejo
authors: Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America; Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America.
authors: James C
authors: JC
authors: Carrington
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D060565:Argonaute Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology*; D017806:Tymovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D060565:Argonaute Proteins