title: Variation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric PM2.5 during winter haze period around 2014 Chinese Spring Festival at Nanjing: Insights of source changes, air mass direction and firework particle injection.
abstract: Daily PM2.5 samples were collected at a suburban site of Nanjing around 2014 Chinese Spring Festival (SF) and analyzed for 18 kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by GC-MS. Comparison of PAH concentrations during different periods, with different air mass origins and under different pollution situations was done. Sources were analyzed by diagnostics ratios and principal component analysis (PCA). The threat of PAHs was assessed by BaP equivalent concentrations (BaPeq) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR). The averaged PAHs for pre-SF, SF and after SF periods were 50.6, 17.2 and 29 ng m(-3), indicating the variations of PAH sources, with reduced traffic, industrial and construction activities during SF and gradually re-starting of them after-SF. According to PAH mass concentrations, their relative abundance to particles, ratio of PAHs (3-ring+4-ring)/PAHs(5-ring+6-ring), mass concentrations of combustion-derived and carcinogenic PAHs, fireworks burning is an important source for PAHs during SF. The ILCR values for Chinese New Year day were 0.68 and 3.3 per 100,000 exposed children and adults. It suggested the necessity of controlling fireworks burning during Chinese SF period which was always companied with serious regional haze pollution. PAH concentrations exhibited decreasing trend when air masses coming from the following directions as North China Plain (63.9 ng m(-3))>Central China (53.0 ng m(-3))>Shandong Peninsula (46.6 ng m(-3))>Northwest China (18.8 ng m(-3))>Sea (15.8 ng m(-3)). For different pollution situations, they decreased as haze (44.5 ng m(-3))>fog-haze (28.4 ng m(-3))>clear (12.2 ng m(-3))>fog day (9.2 ng m(-3)). Coal combustion, traffic emission, industrial processes and petroleum (only for non-SF holiday periodss) were the main sources of PM2.5 associated PAHs. Fireworks burning contributed 14.0% of PAHs during SF period. Directly measurement of PAHs from fireworks burning is urgently needed for source apportionment studies in the future.
authors: Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Colloge of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China. Electronic address: kongshaofei@126.com.
authors: Shaofei
authors: S
authors: Kong
authors: Colloge of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
authors: Xuxu
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: Colloge of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Li
authors: Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Colloge of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China. Electronic address: yinyan@nuist.edu.cn.
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Yin
authors: Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Colloge of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
authors: Kui
authors: K
authors: Chen
authors: Colloge of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
authors: Liang
authors: L
authors: Yuan
authors: Colloge of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
authors: Yingjie
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: Colloge of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
authors: Yunpeng
authors: Y
authors: Shan
authors: Colloge of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 100086, China. Electronic address: jiyaqin@nankai.edu.cn.
authors: Yaqin
authors: Y
authors: Ji
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D001272:Atmosphere / Q000737:chemistry; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006693:Holidays; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
keywords: Firework burning; Haze; Health risk; PM(2.5); Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Source identification