title: Which motor cortical region best predicts imagined movement?
abstract: In brain-computer interfacing (BCI), motor imagery is used to provide a gateway to an effector action or behavior. However, in contrast to the main functional role of the primary motor cortex (M1) in motor execution, the M1's involvement in motor imagery has been debated, while the roles of secondary motor areas such as the premotor cortex (PMC) and supplementary motor area (SMA) in motor imagery have been proposed. We examined which motor cortical region had the greatest predictive ability for imagined movement among the primary and secondary motor areas. For two modes of motor performance, executed movement and imagined movement, in 12 healthy subjects who performed two types of motor task, hand grasping and hand rotation, we used the multivariate Bayes method to compare predictive ability between the primary and secondary motor areas (M1, PMC, and SMA) contralateral to the moved hand. With the distributed representation of activation, executed movement was best predicted from the M1 while imagined movement from the SMA, among the three motor cortical regions, in both types of motor task. In addition, the most predictive information about the distinction between executed movement and imagined movement was contained in the M1. The greater predictive ability of the SMA for imagined movement suggests its functional role that could be applied to motor imagery-based BCI.
authors: Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Chang-Hyun
authors: CH
authors: Park
authors: Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Won Hyuk
authors: WH
authors: Chang
authors: Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Minji
authors: M
authors: Lee
authors: Graduate School of Technology & Innovation Management Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Gyu Hyun
authors: GH
authors: Kwon
authors: Center for Bionics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Laehyun
authors: L
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Sung Tae
authors: ST
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: yunkim@skku.edu.
authors: Yun-Hee
authors: YH
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D001931:Brain Mapping; D062207:Brain-Computer Interfaces; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006225:Hand / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007092:Imagination / Q000502:physiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D012399:Rotation; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Motor cortex; Motor execution; Motor imagery; Multivariate Bayes; fMRI