title: Vitamin U has a protective effect on valproic acid-induced renal damage due to its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic properties.
abstract: The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of vitamin U (vit U, S-methylmethionine) on oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis within the context of valproic acid (VPA)-induced renal damage. In this study, female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group I consisted of intact animals, group II was given vit U (50 mg/kg/day, by gavage), group III was given VPA (500 mg/kg/day, intraperitonally), and group IV was given VPA + vit U. The animals were treated by vit U 1 h prior to treatment with VPA every day for 15 days. The following results were obtained in vit U + VPA-treated rats: (i) the protective effect of vit U on renal damage was shown by a significant decrease in histopathological changes and an increase in Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity; (ii) anti-oxidant property of vit U was demonstrated by a decrease in malondialdehyde levels and xanthine oxidase activity and an increase in glutathione levels, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities; (iii) anti-inflammatory property of vit U was demonstrated by a decrease in tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels, and adenosine deaminase activity; (iv) anti-fibrotic effect of vit U was shown by a decrease in transforming growth factor-β, collagen-1 levels, and arginase activity. Collectively, these data show that VPA is a promoter of inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis which resulted in renal damage. Vit U can be proposed as a potential candidate for preventing renal damage which arose during the therapeutic usage of VPA.
authors: Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey. selgez@istanbul.edu.tr.
authors: Selda
authors: S
authors: Gezginci-Oktayoglu
authors: Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul University, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Ismet Burcu
authors: IB
authors: Turkyilmaz
authors: Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Merve
authors: M
authors: Ercin
authors: Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul University, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Refiye
authors: R
authors: Yanardag
authors: Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Sehnaz
authors: S
authors: Bolkent
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014814:Vitamin U / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D024042:Collagen Type I; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014814:Vitamin U; D014635:Valproic Acid; D014508:Urea; D003404:Creatinine; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Fibrosis; Inflammation; Kidney; Oxidative damage; Valproic acid; Vitamin U