title: Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli in Asia: epidemiology and management.
abstract: Escherichia coli has become multiresistant by way of production of a variety of β-lactamases. The prevalence of CTX-M-producing E. coli has reached 60-79% in certain parts of Asia. The acquisition of CTX-M plasmids by E. coli sequence type 131, a successful clone of E. coli, has caused further dissemination of CTX-M-producing E. coli. The prevalence of carbapenemase-producing E. coli, especially Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase, and New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-producing E. coli has been increasing in Asia. K. pneumoniae carbapenemase and NDM have now been found in E. coli sequence type 131. The occurrence of NDM-producing E. coli is a major concern particularly in the Indian subcontinent, but now elsewhere in Asia as well. There are multiple reasons why antibiotic resistance in E. coli in Asia has reached such extreme levels. Approaches beyond antibiotic therapy, such as prevention of antibiotic resistance by antibiotic stewardship and protecting natural microbiome, are strategies to avoid further spread of antibiotic resistance.
authors: UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Building 71/918, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital complex, Queensland 4029, Australia.
authors: Hanna E
authors: HE
authors: Sidjabat
authors: David L
authors: DL
authors: Paterson
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D003091:Colistin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001618:beta-Lactamases; D003091:Colistin
keywords: AmpC; Asia; ESBL; carbapenemase; management; molecular epidemiology; multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli