title: Panoramic imaging is not suitable for quantitative evaluation, classification, and follow up in unilateral condylar hyperplasia.
abstract: Patients with suspected unilateral condylar hyperplasia are often screened radiologically with a panoramic radiograph, but this is not sufficient for routine diagnosis and follow up. We have therefore made a quantitative analysis and evaluation of panoramic radiographs in a large group of patients with the condition. During the period 1994-2011, 132 patients with 113 panoramic radiographs were analysed using a validated method. There was good reproducibility between observers, but the condylar neck and head were the regions reported with least reliability. Although in most patients asymmetry of the condylar head, neck, and ramus was confirmed, the kappa coefficient as an indicator of agreement between two observers was poor (-0.040 to 0.504). Hardly any difference between sides was measured at the gonion angle, and the body appeared to be higher on the affected side in 80% of patients. Panoramic radiographs might be suitable for screening, but are not suitable for the quantitative evaluation, classification, and follow up of patients with unilateral condylar hyperplasia.
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), The Netherlands. Electronic address: j.w.nolte@amc.uva.nl.
authors: J W
authors: JW
authors: Nolte
authors: Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), The Netherlands; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, VU University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
authors: L H E
authors: LH
authors: Karssemakers
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Linnaeus Institute, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, The Netherlands; Landsteiner Institute, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague, The Netherlands.
authors: D C
authors: DC
authors: Grootendorst
authors: Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), The Netherlands; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, VU University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
authors: D B
authors: DB
authors: Tuinzing
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), The Netherlands; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, The Netherlands.
authors: A G
authors: AG
authors: Becking
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008336:Mandibular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015588:Observer Variation; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: 2-Dimensional imaging; Mandibular asymmetry; Panoramic radiograph; Unilateral condylar hyperplasia