title: Anatomical identification of extracellularly recorded cells in large-scale multielectrode recordings.
abstract: This study combines for the first time two major approaches to understanding the function and structure of neural circuits: large-scale multielectrode recordings, and confocal imaging of labeled neurons. To achieve this end, we develop a novel approach to the central problem of anatomically identifying recorded cells, based on the electrical image: the spatiotemporal pattern of voltage deflections induced by spikes on a large-scale, high-density multielectrode array. Recordings were performed from identified ganglion cell types in the macaque retina. Anatomical images of cells in the same preparation were obtained using virally transfected fluorescent labeling or by immunolabeling after fixation. The electrical image was then used to locate recorded cell somas, axon initial segments, and axon trajectories, and these signatures were used to identify recorded cells. Comparison of anatomical and physiological measurements permitted visualization and physiological characterization of numerically dominant ganglion cell types with high efficiency in a single preparation.
authors: Departments of Neurosurgery and Ophthalmology, and Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, Systems Neurobiology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, Google Inc, Mountain View, California 94043.
authors: Peter H
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6193-4454
authors: PH
authors: Li
authors: Systems Neurobiology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037.
authors: Jeffrey L
authors: JL
authors: Gauthier
authors: Systems Neurobiology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037.
authors: Max
authors: M
authors: Schiff
authors: Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064.
authors: Alexander
authors: A
authors: Sher
authors: Systems Neurobiology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037.
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Ahn
authors: Systems Neurobiology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, and.
authors: Greg D
authors: GD
authors: Field
authors: Systems Neurobiology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, Department of Neuroscience, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg 26129, Germany.
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Greschner
authors: Systems Neurobiology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037.
authors: Edward M
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6366-5267
authors: EM
authors: Callaway
authors: Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064.
authors: Alan M
authors: AM
authors: Litke
authors: Departments of Neurosurgery and Ophthalmology, and Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, Systems Neurobiology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, ej@stanford.edu.
authors: E J
authors: EJ
authors: Chichilnisky
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D045604:Extracellular Fluid / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008255:Macaca radiata; D008297:Male; D008839:Microelectrodes; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011897:Random Allocation; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000502:physiology
keywords: ganglion cells; immunohistochemistry; morphology; multielectrode array; retina; viral transfection