title: Vibratory stimulation increases interleukin-1 beta secretion during orthodontic tooth movement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of application of vibratory stimuli on interleukin (IL)-1β secretion during maxillary canine distalization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Split-mouth design study in 15 subjects (mean age, 22.9 years; range 19-25 years) whose bilateral maxillary first premolars were extracted with subsequent canine distalization. On the experimental side, light force (60 g) was applied to the canine for 3 months in combination with vibratory stimuli provided using an electric toothbrush 15 minutes a day for 2 months; only orthodontic force was applied to the contralateral control canine. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected from the mesial and distal sides of each canine at each monthly appointment. IL-1β levels were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Canine movement was measured monthly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, enhanced IL-1β secretion was observed at the pressure sites of experimental canines compared to control canines (mean, 0.64 ± 0.33 pg/µL vs 0.10 ± 0.11 pg/µL, respectively, P < .001). The accumulative amount of tooth movement was greater for the experimental canine than for the control canine (mean, 2.85 ± 0.17 mm vs 1.77 ± 0.11 mm, respectively, P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that, in combination with light orthodontic force, application of vibratory stimuli using an electric toothbrush enhanced the secretion of IL-1β in GCF and accelerated orthodontic tooth movement.
authors: a  Associate Professor, Orthodontic Section, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.
authors: Chidchanok
authors: C
authors: Leethanakul
authors: b  Graduate student, Orthodontic Section, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.
authors: Sumit
authors: S
authors: Suamphan
authors: c  Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.
authors: Suwanna
authors: S
authors: Jitpukdeebodintra
authors: d  Assistant Professor, Orthodontic Section, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.
authors: Udom
authors: U
authors: Thongudomporn
authors: a  Associate Professor, Orthodontic Section, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.
authors: Chairat
authors: C
authors: Charoemratrote
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003481:Cuspid; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques; D014732:Vibration; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C508585:IL1B protein, human; D053583:Interleukin-1beta
keywords: Accelerated tooth movement; Bone remodeling; Cytokines; Light force; Tooth vibration