title: Cost-effective medium for the production of mosquito pupicidal lipopeptide from Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis (VCRC B471).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A cyclic lipopeptide (CLP), surfactin produced by a strain of Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis (VCRC B471) was found to exhibit mosquitocidal activity. The present study was carried out to enhance the surfactin level using low cost material in the production medium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two carbon sources, glucose and common sugar, and two nitrogen sources, ammonium nitrate and soya were used in the study. Different concentrations of 'C' and 'N' sources were used in the production medium to enhance the production of surfactin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A new medium (SS7) containing 2% sugar, 6% soya and 0.5% common salt with micronutrients was designed which was found to enhance the production of surfactin. The crude mosquitocidal metabolite (CMM) produced in this medium was 3 g/l which was two times higher than that obtained using synthetic medium NYSM. The LC50 dosage of the CMM to the pupal stages of An. stephensi (2.3 μg/ml) was comparable to that obtained with CMM from the conventional medium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The newly designed cost-effective medium designated as sugar soya medium (SSM) enhanced the production of surfactin and the cost of production was estimated as [symbol: see text] 6 per litre, which is six times lesser than that of the conventional medium. Replacement of sodium chloride with cooking salt further reduced the cost of the medium.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Bhuvaneswari
authors: Unit of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR), Puducherry, India.
authors: A M
authors: AM
authors: Manonmani
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Geetha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000737:chemistry*; D009033:Culicidae / Q000187:drug effects*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000191:economics*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D055666:Lipopeptides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D011679:Pupa / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D007306:Insecticides; D055666:Lipopeptides