title: Diagnostic value of the GNRB ® in relation to pressure load for complete ACL tears: A prospective case-control study of 118 subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The GNRB(®) is a reliable, validated arthrometer. A pressure pad exerts 0 to 250 Newtons of pressure on the upper calf. The goal of this study was to compare the diagnostic value of the different pressure loads that are usually applied for the diagnosis of complete anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. Our hypothesis was that a load of 200N would be sufficient to diagnose these tears.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective comparative case-control study was performed in 2012. One group included all the male athletes aged 15 to 21 who presented with a complete ACL tear confirmed by arthroscopy (the study group). The control group included male soccer players in a training center aged 15 to 19 with no history of knee injuries (the control group). Anterior laxity was measured in both knees by the same experienced operator using the GNRB(®) system. The main judgment criteria were the diagnostic values of each pressure load evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC), from "Null" (AUC < 0.5) to "Perfect" (AUC = 1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study included 118 men: 64 in the study group, mean age 18.1 ± 2.3-years-old, who were mainly soccer players (39/64) or rugby men (16/64) and 54 control subjects, mean age 17.3 ± 1.5-years-old. Three hyperalgesic patients could not receive a pressure load of 250N. The mean differential laxity was significantly higher in the control group, whatever the pressure load (P < 10(-5)). The test was "highly informative" for all loads (0.9 ≤ AUC < 1). Analysis of the AUC revealed a diagnostic value in descending order of: 200N(0.97[0.94-1]) > 134N(0.97[0.93-0.99]) > 250N(0.96[0.93-0.99]) > 89N(0.95[0.90-0.99]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The GNRB(®) at 200N was shown to be sufficient to diagnose complete ACL tears. Applying a pressure load of 250N does not appear to be useful.
authors: Clinique du Sport Paris V, 75005 Paris, France; Institut de l'Appareil Locomoteur Nollet, 75017 Paris, France. Electronic address: klouche_shahnaz@yahoo.fr.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Klouche
authors: Clinique du Sport Paris V, 75005 Paris, France; Institut de l'Appareil Locomoteur Nollet, 75017 Paris, France.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Lefevre
authors: Centre de formation du Paris Saint-Germain, 75016 Paris, France.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Cascua
authors: Clinique du Sport Paris V, 75005 Paris, France; Institut de l'Appareil Locomoteur Nollet, 75017 Paris, France.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Herman
authors: Clinique du Sport Paris V, 75005 Paris, France; Institut de l'Appareil Locomoteur Nollet, 75017 Paris, France.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Gerometta
authors: Clinique du Sport Paris V, 75005 Paris, France; Institut de l'Appareil Locomoteur Nollet, 75017 Paris, France.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Bohu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D019540:Area Under Curve; D053587:Arthrometry, Articular / Q000379:methods*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005538:Football / Q000293:injuries; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D011312:Pressure; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012916:Soccer / Q000293:injuries; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anterior cruciate ligament; GNRB(®); Knee laxity