title: The self-reported Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) is a valid and clinically applicable measure in lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Physical activity (PA) is an important outcome in lung cancer; however, there is lack of consensus as to the best method for assessment. The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) is a commonly used questionnaire. The aim of this study was to assess the clinimetric properties of the PASE in lung cancer, specifically validity, predictive utility and clinical applicability (floor/ceiling effects, responsiveness and minimal important difference [MID]).
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a prospective observational study. Sixty-nine participants (62 % male, median [IQR] age 68 years [61-74]) with lung cancer completed the PASE at diagnosis at 2, 4 and 6 months. Additional measures included movement sensors (steps/day), physical function, health-related quality of life, functional capacity (6-min walk distance [6MWD]), and muscle strength. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to assess relationships. Linear regression analyses were conducted to determine predictive utility of the PASE for health status at 6 months. Responsiveness (effect size) and MID (distribution-based estimation) were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PASE was administered on 176 occasions. The PASE had moderate convergent validity with movement sensors (rho = 0.50 [95 %CI = 0.29-0.66], p < 0.005) and discriminated between participants classed as sedentary/insufficient/sufficient according to PA guidelines (p < 0.005). The PASE had fair-moderate construct validity with measures of physical function (rho = 0.57 [95 %CI = 0.46-0.66], p < 0.005), 6MWD (rho = 0.40 [95 %CI = 0.23-0.55], p < 0.005), and strength (rho = 0.37 [95 %CI = 0.18-0.54], p < 0.005). The PASE (at diagnosis) exhibited predictive utility for physical function (Bcoef = 0.35, p = 0.008) and quality of life (Bcoef = 0.35, p = 0.023) at 6 months. A small floor effect was observed (3 %); however, there was no ceiling effect. There was a small responsiveness to change (effect size = 0.23) and MID between 17 and 25 points.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PASE is a valid measure of self-reported PA in lung cancer.
authors: Department of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne, Level 7 Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry Street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia. catherine.granger@unimelb.edu.au.|Department of Physiotherapy, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia. catherine.granger@unimelb.edu.au.|Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia. catherine.granger@unimelb.edu.au.
authors: Catherine L
authors: CL
authors: Granger
authors: Department of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne, Level 7 Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry Street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
authors: Selina M
authors: SM
authors: Parry
authors: Department of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne, Level 7 Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry Street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.|Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia.
authors: Linda
authors: L
authors: Denehy
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D057566:Self Report; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
keywords: Clinimetric properties; Lung cancer; Physical activity; Questionnaires; Self-report