title: The Effect of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients on Aerosol Electrostatic Charges from Pressurized Metered Dose Inhalers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the effect of different active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) on aerosol electrostatic charges and aerosol performances for pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDIs), using both insulating and conducting actuators.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five solution-based pMDIs containing different API ingredients including: beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), budesonide (BUD), flunisolide (FS), salbutamol base (SB) and ipratropium bromide (IPBr) were prepared using pressure filling technique. Actuator blocks made from nylon, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and aluminium were manufactured with 0.3 mm nominal orifice diameter and cone nozzle shape. Aerosol electrostatics for each pMDI formulation and actuator were evaluated using the electrical low-pressure impactor (ELPI) and drug depositions were analysed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All three actuator materials showed the same net charge trend across the five active drug ingredients, with BDP, BUD and FS showing positive net charges for both nylon and PTFE actuators, respectively. While SB and IPBr had significantly negative net charges across the three different actuators, which correlates to the ionic functional groups present on the drug molecule structures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The API present in a pMDI has a dominant effect on the electrostatic properties of the formulation, overcoming the charge effect arising from the actuator materials. Results have shown that the electrostatic charges for a solution-based pMDI could be related to the interactions of the chemical ingredients and change in the work function for the overall formulation.
authors: Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2037, Australia.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Chen
authors: Paul M
authors: PM
authors: Young
authors: David F
authors: DF
authors: Fletcher
authors: Hak Kim
authors: HK
authors: Chan
authors: Edward
authors: E
authors: Long
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Lewis
authors: Tanya
authors: T
authors: Church
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Traini
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000737:chemistry*; D000420:Albuterol / Q000737:chemistry; D001507:Beclomethasone / Q000737:chemistry; D019819:Budesonide / Q000737:chemistry; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D005446:Fluocinolone Acetonide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D009241:Ipratropium / Q000737:chemistry; D036501:Metered Dose Inhalers; D010316:Particle Size; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D011312:Pressure; D012996:Solutions / Q000737:chemistry; D055672:Static Electricity
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D012996:Solutions; D005446:Fluocinolone Acetonide; D019819:Budesonide; C007734:flunisolide; D009241:Ipratropium; D001507:Beclomethasone; D000420:Albuterol