title: Effect of dental cements on peri-implant microbial community: comparison of the microbial communities inhabiting the peri-implant tissue when using different luting cements.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cementing dental restorations on implants poses the risk of undetected excess cement. Such cement remnants may favor the development of inflammation in the peri-implant tissue. The effect of excess cement on the bacterial community is not yet known. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of two different dental cements on the composition of the microbial peri-implant community.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cohort of 38 patients, samples of the peri-implant tissue were taken with paper points from one implant per patient. In 15 patients, the suprastructure had been cemented with a zinc oxide-eugenol cement (Temp Bond, TB) and in 23 patients with a methacrylate cement (Premier Implant Cement, PIC). The excess cement found as well as suppuration was documented. Subgingival samples of all patients were analyzed for taxonomic composition by means of 16S amplicon sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the TB-cemented implants had excess cement or suppuration. In 14 (61%) of the PIC, excess cement was found. Suppuration was detected in 33% of the PIC implants without excess cement and in 100% of the PIC implants with excess cement. The taxonomic analysis of the microbial samples revealed an accumulation of oral pathogens in the PIC patients independent of the presence of excess cement. Significantly fewer oral pathogens occurred in patients with TB compared to patients with PIC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with TB, PIC favors the development of suppuration and the growth of periodontal pathogens.
authors: Dental Academy for Continuing Professional Development, Karlsruhe, Germany.|Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Korsch
authors: Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors: Silke-Mareike
authors: SM
authors: Marten
authors: Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Dötsch
authors: Microbial Interactions and Processes Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.
authors: Ruy
authors: R
authors: Jáuregui
authors: Microbial Interactions and Processes Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.
authors: Dietmar H
authors: DH
authors: Pieper
authors: Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors: Ursula
authors: U
authors: Obst
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008689:Methacrylates; D008875:Middle Aged; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000382:microbiology*; D055815:Young Adult; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement
chemical_list: D003738:Dental Cements; D008689:Methacrylates; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement
keywords: biofilms; dental cements; in vivo investigations; molecular biological analysis