title: Sympathovagal balance and 1-h postload plasma glucose in normoglucose tolerant hypertensive patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Normoglucose tolerant (NGT) subjects with a 1-h postload plasma glucose (PLPG) value ≥155 mg/dL have an increased risk of type-2 diabetes and subclinical organ damage. Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects cardiac autonomic balance, frequently impaired in course of diabetes. At this time, no data support the association between 1-h PLPG and HRV; thus, we investigated the possible association between 1-h PLPG and HRV.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 92 never-treated hypertensive subjects (56 women, 36 men), aged 55 ± 9.8 years. During OGTT, the patients underwent electrocardiographic recordings to evaluate HRV in the time domain (SDNN). Insulin sensitivity was assessed by Matsuda index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among participants, 56 were NGT, 20 had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and 16 had type-2 diabetes. According to the 1-h PLPG cutoff point of 155 mg/dL, we divided NGT subjects into: NGT < 155 (n = 38) and NGT ≥ 155 (n = 18). Glucose tolerance status was associated with a significant (P < 0.0001) increase in PLPG and insulin and the reduction in Matsuda index. In all groups, the SDNN values significantly (P < 0.0001) decreased during the first hour of OGTT. A complete recovery in NGT groups was observed at the end of the second hour; in IGT and type-2 diabetes, SDNN remained significantly lower with respect to baseline values. At multiple regression analysis, Matsuda index resulted in the only determinant of SDNN modification, explaining the 12.3 % of its variability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data demonstrate that during OGTT, sympathovagal balance is acutely affected by both glucose and insulin modifications. Particularly, NGT ≥ 155 subjects behave in the same way of IGT and type-2 diabetes patients.
authors: Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, V.le Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Perticone
authors: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, V.le Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
authors: Eliezer J
authors: EJ
authors: Tassone
authors: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, V.le Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
authors: Paola E
authors: PE
authors: Scarpino
authors: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, V.le Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
authors: Paola
authors: P
authors: Naccarato
authors: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, V.le Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
authors: Desirée
authors: D
authors: Addesi
authors: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, V.le Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
authors: Serena
authors: S
authors: di Cello
authors: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, V.le Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
authors: Angela
authors: A
authors: Sciacqua
authors: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, V.le Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
authors: Raffaele
authors: R
authors: Maio
authors: Department of Health Science, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
authors: Michele
authors: M
authors: Andreucci
authors: Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Speciality, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors: Salvatore
authors: S
authors: Carrao
authors: Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Speciality, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Licata
authors: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, V.le Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
authors: Giorgio
authors: G
authors: Sesti
authors: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, V.le Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy. perticone@unicz.it.
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Perticone
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: Essential hypertension; Glucose tolerance; Heart rate variability; Insulin resistance