title: Total and inorganic arsenic in Iranian rice.
abstract: It is well known that arsenic (As) exposure, particularly to inorganic species (i-As), has adverse effects on humans. Nowadays, the European Union (EU) has still not regulated the maximum residue limit of As in commercial samples of rice and rice-based products, although it is actively working on the topic. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is collecting data on total arsenic (t-As) and i-As from different rice-producing regions not only from EU countries but also from other parts of the world to finally set up this maximum threshold. As Iran is a rice-producing country, the aim of this work was to evaluate the contents of t-As and i-As in 15 samples of Iranian white, nonorganic, and aromatic rice collected from the most important rice-producing regions of the country. The means of t-As and i-As were 120 and 82 μg/kg, respectively. The experimental i-As mean in Iranian rice was below the Chinese standard for the i-As in rice, 150 μg/kg, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) limit, 200 μg/kg. Therefore, Iranian rice seems to have reasonable low i-As content and it is safe to be marketed in any market, including China and the EU.
authors: Dept. of Agro-Food Technology, Food Quality and Safety Group (CSA), Univ. Miguel Hernández de Elche, Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain.
authors: Marina
authors: M
authors: Cano-Lamadrid
authors: Dept. of Agro-Food Technology, Food Quality and Safety Group (CSA), Univ. Miguel Hernández de Elche, Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain.
authors: Sandra
authors: S
authors: Munera-Picazo
authors: Dept. of Agro-Food Technology, Food Quality and Safety Group (CSA), Univ. Miguel Hernández de Elche, Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain.
authors: Francisco
authors: F
authors: Burló
authors: Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources Univ, Mollasani, Ahwaz, Iran.
authors: Mohammad
authors: M
authors: Hojjati
authors: Dept. of Agro-Food Technology, Food Quality and Safety Group (CSA), Univ. Miguel Hernández de Elche, Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain.
authors: Ángel A
authors: ÁA
authors: Carbonell-Barrachina
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis*; D002681:China; D003625:Data Collection; D005062:European Union; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D059022:Food Safety; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001151:Arsenic
keywords: Islamic Republic of Iran; Oryza sativa; arsenic speciation; food safety; maximum residue limit; trace elements