title: Lactose-mediated carbon catabolite repression of putrescine production in dairy Lactococcus lactis is strain dependent.
abstract: Lactococcus lactis is the lactic acid bacterial (LAB) species most widely used as a primary starter in the dairy industry. However, several strains of L. lactis produce the biogenic amine putrescine via the agmatine deiminase (AGDI) pathway. We previously reported the putrescine biosynthesis pathway in L. lactis subsp. cremoris GE2-14 to be regulated by carbon catabolic repression (CCR) via glucose but not lactose (Linares et al., 2013). The present study shows that both these sugars repress putrescine biosynthesis in L. lactis subsp. lactis T3/33, a strain isolated from a Spanish artisanal cheese. Furthermore, we demonstrated that both glucose and lactose repressed the transcriptional activity of the aguBDAC catabolic genes of the AGDI route. Finally, a screening performed in putrescine-producing dairy L. lactis strains determined that putrescine biosynthesis was repressed by lactose in all the L. lactis subsp. lactis strains tested, but in only one L. lactis subsp. cremoris strain. Given the obvious importance of the lactose-repression in cheese putrescine accumulation, it is advisable to consider the diversity of L. lactis in this sense and characterize consequently the starter cultures to select the safest strains.
authors: Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, IPLA-CSIC, Paseo Rio Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain. Electronic address: beadelrio@ipla.csic.es.
authors: Beatriz
authors: B
authors: del Rio
authors: Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, IPLA-CSIC, Paseo Rio Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain. Electronic address: ladero@ipla.csic.es.
authors: Victor
authors: V
authors: Ladero
authors: Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, IPLA-CSIC, Paseo Rio Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain. Electronic address: bredruel@ipla.csic.es.
authors: Begoña
authors: B
authors: Redruello
authors: Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, IPLA-CSIC, Paseo Rio Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain. Electronic address: daniml@ipla.csic.es.
authors: Daniel M
authors: DM
authors: Linares
authors: Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, IPLA-CSIC, Paseo Rio Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain. Electronic address: mfernandez@ipla.csic.es.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Fernández
authors: Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, IPLA-CSIC, Paseo Rio Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain. Electronic address: mcm@ipla.csic.es.
authors: Maria Cruz
authors: MC
authors: Martín
authors: Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, IPLA-CSIC, Paseo Rio Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain. Electronic address: maag@ipla.csic.es.
authors: Miguel A
authors: MA
authors: Alvarez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057465:Catabolite Repression; D002417:Cattle; D002611:Cheese / Q000382:microbiology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D013294:Lactococcus lactis / Q000378:metabolism*; D007785:Lactose / Q000378:metabolism*; D008892:Milk / Q000382:microbiology; D011700:Putrescine / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D005947:Glucose; D007785:Lactose; D011700:Putrescine
keywords: AGDI pathway; Biogenic amines; CCR; Lactococcus lactis; Lactose; Putrescine