title: A multinational examination of weight bias: predictors of anti-fat attitudes across four countries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As rates of obesity have increased throughout much of the world, so too have bias and prejudice toward people with higher body weight (that is, weight bias). Despite considerable evidence of weight bias in the United States, little work has examined its extent and antecedents across different nations. The present study conducted a multinational examination of weight bias in four Western countries with comparable prevalence rates of adult overweight and obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using comprehensive self-report measures with 2866 individuals in Canada, the United States, Iceland and Australia, the authors assessed (1) levels of explicit weight bias (using the Fat Phobia Scale and the Universal Measure of Bias) and multiple sociodemographic predictors (for example, sex, age, race/ethnicity and educational attainment) of weight-biased attitudes and (2) the extent to which weight-related variables, including participants' own body weight, personal experiences with weight bias and causal attributions of obesity, play a role in expressions of weight bias in different countries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The extent of weight bias was consistent across countries, and in each nation attributions of behavioral causes of obesity predicted stronger weight bias, as did beliefs that obesity is attributable to lack of willpower and personal responsibility. In addition, across all countries the magnitude of weight bias was stronger among men and among individuals without family or friends who had experienced this form of bias.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings offer new insights and important implications regarding sociocultural factors that may fuel weight bias across different cultural contexts, and for targets of stigma-reduction efforts in different countries.
authors: Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity, University of Connecticut, Hartford, CT, USA.
authors: R M
authors: RM
authors: Puhl
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii.
authors: J D
authors: JD
authors: Latner
authors: Behavioural Studies, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: O'Brien
authors: Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity, University of Connecticut, Hartford, CT, USA.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Luedicke
authors: Division of Health Determinants, Directorate of Health, Reykjavik, Iceland.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Danielsdottir
authors: Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Forhan
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D001835:Body Weight; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007055:Iceland / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011287:Prejudice / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012938:Social Perception; D013240:Stereotyping; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology