title: Understanding the impact of electric vehicle driving experience on range anxiety.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the present research was to increase understanding of the phenomenon of range anxiety and to determine the degree to which practical experience with battery electric vehicles (BEVs) reduces different levels of range anxiety.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Limited range is a challenge for BEV users. A frequently discussed phenomenon in this context is range anxiety. There is some evidence suggesting that range anxiety might be a problem only for inexperienced BEV drivers and, therefore, might decrease with practical experience.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared 12 motorists with high BEV driving experience (M = 60,500 km) with 12 motorists who had never driven a BEV before. The test drive was designed to lead to a critical range situation (remaining range < trip length). We examined range appraisal and range stress (i.e., range anxiety) on different levels (cognitive, emotional, and behavioral).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Experienced BEV drivers exhibited less negative range appraisal and range anxiety than inexperienced BEV drivers, revealing significant, strong effects for all but one variable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hence, BEV driving experience (defined as absolute kilometers driven with a BEV) seems to be one important variable that predicts less range anxiety.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In order to reduce range anxiety in BEV drivers even when there is a critical range situation, it is important to increase efficiency and effectiveness of the learning process.
authors: Nadine
authors: N
authors: Rauh
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Franke
authors: Josef F
authors: JF
authors: Krems
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000523:psychology*; D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D006804:Ergonomics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged