title: Repeated microendoscopic discectomy for recurrent lumbar disk herniation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the microendoscopic discectomy technique and inclusion criteria for the treatment of recurrent lumbar disc herniation and to supply feasible criteria and technical notes to avoid complications and to increase the therapeutic effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive series of 25 patients who underwent posterior microendoscopic discectomy for recurrent lumbar disc herniation were included. The inclusion criteria were as follows: no severe pain in the lumbar region, no lumbar instability observed by flexion-extension radiography and no intervertebral discitis or endplate damage observed by magnetic resonance imaging. All patients were diagnosed by clinical manifestations and imaging examinations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Follow-up visits were carried out in all cases. Complications, such as nerve injuries, were not observed. The follow-up outcomes were graded using the MacNab criteria. A grade of excellent was given to 12 patients, good to 12 patients and fair to 1 patient. A grade of excellent or good occurred in 96% of cases. One patient relapsed 3 months after surgery and then underwent lumbar interbody fusion and inner fixation. The numerical rating scale of preoperative leg pain was 7.4 ± 1.5, whereas it decreased to 2.1 ± 0.8 at 7 days after surgery. The preoperative Oswestry disability index of lumbar function was 57.5 ± 10.0, whereas it was 26.0 ± 8.5 at 7 days after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In these cases, microendoscopic discectomy was able to achieve satisfactory clinical results. Furthermore, it has advantages over other methods because of its smaller incision, reduced bleeding and more efficient recovery.
authors: National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military, Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors: Tianyong
authors: T
authors: Hou
authors: National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military, Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors: Qiang
authors: Q
authors: Zhou
authors: National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military, Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors: Fei
authors: F
authors: Dai
authors: National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military, Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors: Fei
authors: F
authors: Luo
authors: National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military, Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors: Qingyi
authors: Q
authors: He
authors: National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military, Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors: Jinsong
authors: J
authors: Zhang
authors: National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military, Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors: Jianzhong
authors: J
authors: Xu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D017586:Diskectomy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000601:surgery*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome