title: Depression Subtypes in Predicting Antidepressant Response: A Report From the iSPOT-D Trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study aims were 1) to describe the proportions of individuals who met criteria for melancholic, atypical, and anxious depressive subtypes, as well as subtype combinations, in a large sample of depressed outpatients, and 2) to compare subtype profiles on remission and change in depressive symptoms after acute treatment with one of three antidepressant medications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants 18-65 years of age (N=1,008) who met criteria for major depressive disorder were randomly assigned to 8 weeks of treatment with escitalopram, sertraline, or extended-release venlafaxine. Participants were classified by subtype. Those who met criteria for no subtype or multiple subtypes were classified separately, resulting in eight mutually exclusive groups. A mixed-effects model using the intent-to-treat sample compared the groups' symptom score trajectories, and logistic regression compared likelihood of remission (defined as a score ≤5 on the 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self-Report).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-nine percent of participants exhibited a pure-form subtype, 36% met criteria for more than one subtype, and 25% did not meet criteria for any subtype. All subtype groups exhibited a similar significant trajectory of symptom reduction across the trial. Likelihood of remission did not differ significantly between subtype groups, and depression subtype was not a moderator of treatment effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was substantial overlap of the three depressive subtypes, and individuals in all subtype groups responded similarly to the three antidepressants. The consistency of these findings with those of the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression trial suggests that subtypes may be of minimal value in antidepressant selection.
authors: From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford; Pacific Graduate School of Psychology-Stanford Consortium, Palo Alto, Calif.; the Brain Dynamics Center, Sydney Medical School-Westmead and Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Brain Resource, Ltd., Sydney; Brain Resource, Inc., San Francisco; the Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto; the Department of Psychiatry, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria, Australia; the Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; and Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore.
authors: Bruce A
authors: BA
authors: Arnow
authors: From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford; Pacific Graduate School of Psychology-Stanford Consortium, Palo Alto, Calif.; the Brain Dynamics Center, Sydney Medical School-Westmead and Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Brain Resource, Ltd., Sydney; Brain Resource, Inc., San Francisco; the Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto; the Department of Psychiatry, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria, Australia; the Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; and Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore.
authors: Christine
authors: C
authors: Blasey
authors: From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford; Pacific Graduate School of Psychology-Stanford Consortium, Palo Alto, Calif.; the Brain Dynamics Center, Sydney Medical School-Westmead and Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Brain Resource, Ltd., Sydney; Brain Resource, Inc., San Francisco; the Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto; the Department of Psychiatry, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria, Australia; the Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; and Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore.
authors: Leanne M
authors: LM
authors: Williams
authors: From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford; Pacific Graduate School of Psychology-Stanford Consortium, Palo Alto, Calif.; the Brain Dynamics Center, Sydney Medical School-Westmead and Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Brain Resource, Ltd., Sydney; Brain Resource, Inc., San Francisco; the Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto; the Department of Psychiatry, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria, Australia; the Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; and Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore.
authors: Donna M
authors: DM
authors: Palmer
authors: From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford; Pacific Graduate School of Psychology-Stanford Consortium, Palo Alto, Calif.; the Brain Dynamics Center, Sydney Medical School-Westmead and Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Brain Resource, Ltd., Sydney; Brain Resource, Inc., San Francisco; the Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto; the Department of Psychiatry, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria, Australia; the Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; and Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore.
authors: William
authors: W
authors: Rekshan
authors: From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford; Pacific Graduate School of Psychology-Stanford Consortium, Palo Alto, Calif.; the Brain Dynamics Center, Sydney Medical School-Westmead and Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Brain Resource, Ltd., Sydney; Brain Resource, Inc., San Francisco; the Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto; the Department of Psychiatry, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria, Australia; the Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; and Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore.
authors: Alan F
authors: AF
authors: Schatzberg
authors: From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford; Pacific Graduate School of Psychology-Stanford Consortium, Palo Alto, Calif.; the Brain Dynamics Center, Sydney Medical School-Westmead and Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Brain Resource, Ltd., Sydney; Brain Resource, Inc., San Francisco; the Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto; the Department of Psychiatry, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria, Australia; the Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; and Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore.
authors: Amit
authors: A
authors: Etkin
authors: From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford; Pacific Graduate School of Psychology-Stanford Consortium, Palo Alto, Calif.; the Brain Dynamics Center, Sydney Medical School-Westmead and Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Brain Resource, Ltd., Sydney; Brain Resource, Inc., San Francisco; the Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto; the Department of Psychiatry, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria, Australia; the Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; and Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore.
authors: Jayashri
authors: J
authors: Kulkarni
authors: From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford; Pacific Graduate School of Psychology-Stanford Consortium, Palo Alto, Calif.; the Brain Dynamics Center, Sydney Medical School-Westmead and Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Brain Resource, Ltd., Sydney; Brain Resource, Inc., San Francisco; the Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto; the Department of Psychiatry, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria, Australia; the Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; and Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore.
authors: James F
authors: JF
authors: Luther
authors: From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford; Pacific Graduate School of Psychology-Stanford Consortium, Palo Alto, Calif.; the Brain Dynamics Center, Sydney Medical School-Westmead and Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Brain Resource, Ltd., Sydney; Brain Resource, Inc., San Francisco; the Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto; the Department of Psychiatry, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria, Australia; the Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; and Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore.
authors: A John
authors: AJ
authors: Rush
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D015283:Citalopram / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000145:classification / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients; D020280:Sertraline / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D015283:Citalopram; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride; D020280:Sertraline