title: Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Precursor Cell Conditioned Medium Reduces the Thickness of the Capsule Around Silicone Implants in Rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We postulated that the fibrotic capsule around a silicone implant could be induced by ischemic conditions, based on previous reports that hypoxia is an important microenvironmental factor in the development of tissue fibrosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to determine the effect of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived endothelial precursor cell (EPC) conditioned medium (CM), which has strong angiogenic potential, on the development of capsule around the silicone implant in a rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three groups had a mini-silicone implant with a smooth surface inserted. In 2 experimental groups, hESC-EPC CM was administered into the subcutaneous pocket either 1 or 2 times. After 2 months, the capsules were harvested and analyzed by histologic examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant reduction in the thickness of the peri-implant capsules (P < 0.05) between the control and experimental groups. There is no tendency that hESC-EPC CM reduces inflammatory reaction in early postoperative periods. The experimental group showed increased angiogenesis compared to the control group (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tissue hypoxia around the implant may be another cause for the peri-implant capsule. A preventive or therapeutic strategy to decrease capsular contracture by relieving the ischemic condition around the implant can be investigated in the future.
authors: From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do; and †Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Chung Hun
authors: CH
authors: Kim
authors: Dae Hee
authors: DH
authors: Kim
authors: Seung Hyun
authors: SH
authors: Oh
authors: Seung Yong
authors: SY
authors: Song
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019928:Breast Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018427:Breast Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D066026:Endothelial Progenitor Cells; D005260:Female; D005549:Foreign-Body Reaction / Q000209:etiology; D000066449:Human Embryonic Stem Cells; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000150:complications; D057910:Implant Capsular Contracture / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020034:Silicone Gels / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D020034:Silicone Gels