title: Monosodium L-Glutamate and Dietary Fat Differently Modify the Composition of the Intestinal Microbiota in Growing Pigs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Chinese have been undergone rapid transition to a high-fat diet-consuming lifestyle, while monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) is widely used as a daily food additive. It has been reported that fat alters the composition of intestinal microbiota. However, little information is available on the effects of oral MSG on intestinal microbiota, and no study was done focusing on the interaction effect of fat and MSG with respect to intestinal microbiota. The present study thus aimed to determine the effects of MSG and/or fat on intestinal microbiota, and also to identify possible interactions between these two nutrients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diets were provided to growing pigs. The microbiota from jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results show that both MSG and fat clearly increased the intestinal microbiota diversity. MSG and fat modified the composition of intestinal microbiota, particularly in the colon. Both MSG and fat promoted the colonization of microbes related to energy extraction in gastrointestinal tract via different ways. MSG promoted the colonization of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia, while fat increased the percentage of Prevotella in colon and other intestinal segments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results will help to understand how individual or combined dietary changes modify the microbiota composition to prevent obesity.
authors: Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Research Center of Healthy Breeding Livestock & Poultry, Hunan Engineering & Research Center of Animal & Poultry Science, Key Lab Agro-Ecology Processing Subtropical Region, Scientific Observational and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors: Ze-Meng
authors: ZM
authors: Feng
authors: Tie-Jun
authors: TJ
authors: Li
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Wu
authors: Ding-Fu
authors: DF
authors: Xiao
authors: Francois
authors: F
authors: Blachier
authors: Yu-Long
authors: YL
authors: Yin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D002681:China; D004032:Diet; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005503:Food Additives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects*; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012970:Sodium Glutamate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D005503:Food Additives; D012970:Sodium Glutamate