title: Evaluation of Markers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in COPD Patients with or without Cardiovascular Comorbidities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are characterised by chronic, systemic inflammation, their reciprocal interactions are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations of both inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in the serum and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of COPD patients, either with coexisting CVD or without cardio-vascular comorbidities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four COPD patients with CVD were allocated to group A, 20 COPD patients without CVD were assigned to group B and 16 healthy patients were included as a control. A medical history and physical examination were performed, and the following were measured: serum CRP concentration, glucose level, uraemic acid level and lipid profile. In addition 8-isoprostane, LTB4 and IL-8 concentrations were measured both in serum and EBC. Spirometry, six-minute walk test and echocardiography were performed in all subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EBC concentrations of 8-isoprostane and LTB4, and serum levels of CRP, 8-soprostane, LTB4, IL-8 were significantly higher in COPD patients than in healthy controls. COPD patients with CVD were not found to have higher concentrations of the assessed markers than those without CVD, neither in the serum nor EBC. CRP, 8-isoprostane and LTB4 levels in serum, and IL-8 concentration in EBC correlated negatively with the value of forced expiratory volume in one second.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although systemic inflammation coexists with COPD, it is not elevated in COPD patients with CVD. Since this phenomenon may result from treatment with statins, future studies should state whether COPD patients could benefit from the additional statin therapy.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Lodz, Poland.
authors: Marcin
authors: M
authors: Kaźmierczak
authors: Department of General and Oncological Pneumology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland. Electronic address: maciej_ciebiada@op.pl.
authors: Maciej
authors: M
authors: Ciebiada
authors: Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Pękala-Wojciechowska
authors: Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
authors: Maciej
authors: M
authors: Pawłowski
authors: Department of General and Oncological Pneumology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
authors: Agnieszka
authors: A
authors: Nielepkowicz-Goździńska
authors: Department of General and Oncological Pneumology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
authors: Adam
authors: A
authors: Antczak
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001944:Breath Tests; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015897:Comorbidity; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007975:Leukotriene B4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D016209:Interleukin-8; D007975:Leukotriene B4; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D015237:Dinoprost
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Heart failure; Inflammation; Isoprostane; Leukotriene