title: Topical Administration of Tranexamic Acid Plus Diluted-Epinephrine in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Double-Blinded Controlled Trial.
abstract: The aim of this trial was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intra-articular administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) plus diluted-epinephrine (DEP) on perioperative blood loss and transfusion in primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) without drainage. One hundred patients scheduled to undergo TKA were randomized into two groups: 50 patients received intra-articular 3g TXA plus 0.25mg DEP (1:200,000), and 50 patients received 3g topical TXA alone. The results showed that topical combined administration significantly reduced total blood loss (P=0.006), hidden blood loss (P=0.000) and transfusion rate (0% vs. 4%), without increasing the risk of thromboembolic and hemodynamic complications (P>0.05). Therefore, topical TXA plus DEP was effective and safe in reducing blood loss and transfusion following TKA, without substantial complications.
authors: Osteonecrosis and Joint-Preserving and Reconstruction Center, Beijing, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Arthritic and Rheumatic Diseases, Beijing, China; China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.
authors: Fuqiang
authors: F
authors: Gao
authors: Osteonecrosis and Joint-Preserving and Reconstruction Center, Beijing, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Arthritic and Rheumatic Diseases, Beijing, China; China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Sun
authors: Osteonecrosis and Joint-Preserving and Reconstruction Center, Beijing, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Arthritic and Rheumatic Diseases, Beijing, China; China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.
authors: Wanshou
authors: W
authors: Guo
authors: Osteonecrosis and Joint-Preserving and Reconstruction Center, Beijing, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Arthritic and Rheumatic Diseases, Beijing, China; China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.
authors: Zirong
authors: Z
authors: Li
authors: Osteonecrosis and Joint-Preserving and Reconstruction Center, Beijing, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Arthritic and Rheumatic Diseases, Beijing, China; China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.
authors: Weiguo
authors: W
authors: Wang
authors: Osteonecrosis and Joint-Preserving and Reconstruction Center, Beijing, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Arthritic and Rheumatic Diseases, Beijing, China; China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.
authors: Liming
authors: L
authors: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000368:Aged; D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000379:methods*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004322:Drainage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059035:Perioperative Period; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012306:Risk; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D013997:Time Factors; D014148:Tranexamic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D065227:Transfusion Reaction
chemical_list: D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents; D014148:Tranexamic Acid; D004837:Epinephrine
keywords: TKA; blood loss; epinephrine; topical; tranexamic acid; transfusion