title: Accumulation potentials of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs) in maize (Zea mays).
abstract: Uptake of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) by maize represents a potential source of exposure for humans, either directly or indirectly via feed for animals raised for human consumption. The aim of the following study was, therefore, to determine the accumulation potential of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs) in maize (Zea mays). Two different concentrations of PFAAs were applied as aqueous solution to the soil to attain target concentrations of 0.25 mg or 1.00 mg of PFAA per kg of soil. Maize was grown in pots, and after harvesting, PFAA concentrations were measured in the straw and kernels of maize. PFCA and PFSA concentrations of straw decreased significantly with increasing chain length. In maize kernels, only PFCAs with a chain length ≤ C8 as well as perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) were detected. The highest soil-to-plant transfer for both straw and kernels was determined for short-chained PFCAs and PFSAs.
authors: †Institute of Plant Nutrition, Interdisciplinary Research Centre (IFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors: Johanna
authors: J
authors: Krippner
authors: §Hessian State Laboratory, Glarusstr. 6, 65203 Wiesbaden, Germany.
authors: Sandy
authors: S
authors: Falk
authors: ‡Hessian State Laboratory, Schubertstr. 60, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors: Hubertus
authors: H
authors: Brunn
authors: §Hessian State Laboratory, Glarusstr. 6, 65203 Wiesbaden, Germany.
authors: Sebastian
authors: S
authors: Georgii
authors: †Institute of Plant Nutrition, Interdisciplinary Research Centre (IFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors: Sven
authors: S
authors: Schubert
authors: §Hessian State Laboratory, Glarusstr. 6, 65203 Wiesbaden, Germany.
authors: Thorsten
authors: T
authors: Stahl
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D059022:Food Safety; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; C539348:perfluorobutanesulfonic acid
keywords: carryover; short-chain PFAAs; soil-to-plant transfer factors; translocation