title: Ethylene Regulates Levels of Ethylene Receptor/CTR1 Signaling Complexes in Arabidopsis thaliana.
abstract: The plant hormone ethylene is perceived by a five-member family of receptors in Arabidopsis thaliana. The receptors function in conjunction with the Raf-like kinase CTR1 to negatively regulate ethylene signal transduction. CTR1 interacts with multiple members of the receptor family based on co-purification analysis, interacting more strongly with receptors containing a receiver domain. Levels of membrane-associated CTR1 vary in response to ethylene, doing so in a post-transcriptional manner that correlates with ethylene-mediated changes in levels of the ethylene receptors ERS1, ERS2, EIN4, and ETR2. Interactions between CTR1 and the receptor ETR1 protect ETR1 from ethylene-induced turnover. Kinetic and dose-response analyses support a model in which two opposing factors control levels of the ethylene receptor/CTR1 complexes. Ethylene stimulates the production of new complexes largely through transcriptional induction of the receptors. However, ethylene also induces turnover of receptors, such that levels of ethylene receptor/CTR1 complexes decrease at higher ethylene concentrations. Implications of this model for ethylene signaling are discussed.
authors: From the Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, the Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan, and.
authors: Samina N
authors: SN
authors: Shakeel
authors: From the Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755.
authors: Zhiyong
authors: Z
authors: Gao
authors: From the Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, the Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan, and.
authors: Madiha
authors: M
authors: Amir
authors: From the Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, the Institute of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China.
authors: Yi-Feng
authors: YF
authors: Chen
authors: From the Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, the Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan, and.
authors: Muneeza Iqbal
authors: MI
authors: Rai
authors: From the Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, the Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan, and.
authors: Noor Ul
authors: NU
authors: Haq
authors: From the Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, george.e.schaller@dartmouth.edu.
authors: G Eric
authors: GE
authors: Schaller
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D025941:Protein Interaction Mapping; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012323:RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D036226:Seedlings / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D005030:Ethylenes; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C083750:ethylene receptors, plant; C036216:ethylene; D011494:Protein Kinases; C477753:CTR1 protein, Arabidopsis
keywords: Arabidopsis; ethylene; histidine kinase; hormone receptor; membrane protein; protein complex; protein turnover; serine/threonine protein kinase