title: Engorgement of the Angular and Temporal Veins Following Periorbital Hyaluronic Acid Gel Injection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study angular and temporal vein engorgement following periorbital hyaluronic acid gel (HAG) injection.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective study, the authors reviewed the photographs of 805 patients who had periorbital HAG injection at Jules Stein Eye Institute Oculoplastic Clinic between January 2004 and January 2014. HAG injections were used to fill the orbital hollow, zygomatic hollow, septal confluence hollow, and cheek. The inclusion criteria were patients who had at least 1 pre-, immediate post-, and late postinjection photographs. Immediate postinjection photographs were taken right after HAG injection, and late postinjection photographs were taken at the following visit before any injection. The exclusion criteria were patients with any previous ocular surgery 6 months before filler injection, patients with orbital diseases, and patients who had HAG injections for functional purposes. The photographs were evaluated for the presence of angular and temporal vein engorgement at any of the injections during the follow-up visits. The photographs of eyes with vein engorgement were graded on a scale of 0 (no engorgement), 1 (mild engorgement), 2 (moderate engorgement), and 3 (severe engorgement).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 78 eligible patients (156 orbits; 68 females and 10 males) with average age of 59.4 ± 13.4 years. The authors found 18 orbits of 12 patients (15.4%; 6 unilateral and 6 bilateral) with angular vein engorgement at least 1 time after HAG injection during the follow-up visits. The frequency of temporal vein engorgement was 9.1%. The mean ± SD of angular vein grading for engorgement increased from 0.72 ± 0.51 on preinjection photographs to 1.45 ± 0.88 on immediate postinjection photographs (p = 0.0001) and 0.89 ± 0.50 on late postinjection photographs (p = 0.04). The mean ± SD of angular vein grading for engorgement was 0.67 ± 0.55 on the first preinjection photographs, which increased to 1.10 ± 0.50 on the last late postinjection photographs. The difference was statistically significant (p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Angular and temporal vein engorgement occurred following HAG injection in the periorbital region. The engorgement occurred immediately after injections and decreased considerably but not completely in the following visit.
authors: Division of Orbital and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.
authors: Aline
authors: A
authors: Pimentel de Miranda
authors: Nariman
authors: N
authors: Nassiri
authors: Robert A
authors: RA
authors: Goldberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques; D000067548:Dermal Fillers / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005123:Eye / Q000098:blood supply*; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D056965:Injections, Intraocular; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009666:Nose / Q000098:blood supply*; D009915:Orbit; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012535:Scalp / Q000098:blood supply*; D014680:Veins; D055675:Viscosupplements / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000067548:Dermal Fillers; D005782:Gels; D055675:Viscosupplements; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid