title: The use of fluorescent Nile red and BODIPY for lipid measurement in microalgae.
abstract: Microalgae are currently emerging as one of the most promising alternative sources for the next generation of food, feed, cosmetics and renewable energy in the form of biofuel. Microalgae constitute a diverse group of microorganisms with advantages like fast and efficient growth. In addition, they do not compete for arable land and offer very high lipid yield potential. Major challenges for the development of this resource are to select lipid-rich strains using high-throughput staining for neutral lipid content in microalgae species. For this purpose, the fluorescent dyes most commonly used to quantify lipids are Nile red and BODIPY 505/515. Their fluorescent staining for lipids offers a rapid and inexpensive analysis tool to measure neutral lipid content, avoiding time-consuming and costly gravimetric analysis. This review collates and presents recent advances in algal lipid staining and focuses on Nile red and BODIPY 505/515 staining characteristics. The available literature addresses the limitations of fluorescent dyes under certain conditions, such as spectral properties, dye concentrations, cell concentrations, temperature and incubation duration. Moreover, the overall conclusion of the present review study gives limitations on the use of fluorochrome for screening of lipid-rich microalgae species and suggests improved protocols for staining recalcitrant microalgae and recommendations for the staining quantification.
authors: IFREMER, PBA, 44311 Nantes, France.
authors: Judith
authors: J
authors: Rumin
authors: CNRS-UMPC, LOV UMR 7093, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France.
authors: Hubert
authors: H
authors: Bonnefond
authors: IFREMER, PBA, 44311 Nantes, France.
authors: Bruno
authors: B
authors: Saint-Jean
authors: IFREMER, PBA, 44311 Nantes, France.
authors: Catherine
authors: C
authors: Rouxel
authors: CNRS-UMPC, LOV UMR 7093, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France.
authors: Antoine
authors: A
authors: Sciandra
authors: INRIA BIOCORE, 06902 Sophia Antipolis, Cedex France.
authors: Olivier
authors: O
authors: Bernard
authors: IFREMER, PBA, 44311 Nantes, France.
authors: Jean-Paul
authors: JP
authors: Cadoret
authors: IFREMER, PBA, 44311 Nantes, France.
authors: Gaël
authors: G
authors: Bougaran
keywords: BODIPY 505/515; Biodiesel; Fluorescence; Microalgae; Neutral lipid; Nile red