title: Candidiasis: a fungal infection--current challenges and progress in prevention and treatment.
abstract: Despite therapeutic advances candidiasis remains a common fungal infection most frequently caused by C. albicans and may occur as vulvovaginal candidiasis or thrush, a mucocutaneous candidiasis. Candidiasis frequently occurs in newborns, in immune-deficient people like AIDS patients, and in people being treated with broad spectrum antibiotics. It is mainly due to C. albicans while other species such as C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. krusei are increasingly isolated. OTC antifungal dosage forms such as creams and gels can be used for effective treatment of local candidiasis. Whereas, for preventing spread of the disease to deeper vital organs, candidiasis antifungal chemotherapy is preferred. Use of probiotics and development of novel vaccines is an advanced approach for the prevention of candidiasis. Present review summarizes the diagnosis, current status and challenges in the treatment and prevention of candidiasis with prime focus on host defense against candidiasis, advancements in diagnosis, probiotics role and recent progress in the development of vaccines against candidiasis.
authors: Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS University, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagar, Mysore-570 015, Karnataka, India. ummehaniahmed@gmail.com.
authors: Umme
authors: U
authors: Hani
authors: Hosakote G
authors: HG
authors: Shivakumar
authors: Rudra
authors: R
authors: Vaghela
authors: Riyaz Ali M
authors: RA
authors: Osmani
authors: Atul
authors: A
authors: Shrivastava
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000472:pathogenicity; D041221:Candida glabrata / Q000472:pathogenicity; D041022:Candida tropicalis / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy*; D058365:Candidiasis, Invasive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D005657:Fungal Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D005657:Fungal Vaccines