title: Determination of parabens in human milk and other food samples by capillary electrophoresis after dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with back-extraction.
abstract: Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) with back-extraction was used prior to capillary electrophoresis (CE) for the extraction of four parabens. Optimum extraction conditions were: 200 μL chloroform (extraction solvent), 1.0 mL acetonitrile (disperser solvent) and 1 min extraction time. Back-extraction of parabens from chloroform into a 50mM sodium hydroxide solution within 10s facilitated their direct injection into CE. The analytes were separated at 12°C and 25 kV with a background electrolyte of 25 mM borate buffer containing 5.0% (v/v) acetonitrile. Enrichment factors were in the range of 4.3-10.7 and limits of detection ranged from 0.1 to 0.2 μg mL(-1). Calibration graphs showed good linearity with coefficients of determination (R(2)) higher than 0.9957 and relative standard deviations (%RSDs) lower than 3.5%. DLLME-CE was demonstrated to be a simple and rapid method for the determination of parabens in human milk and food with relative recoveries in the range of 86.7-103.3%.
authors: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey; Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Avrasya University, 61250 Trabzon, Turkey. Electronic address: alshana@gazi.edu.tr.
authors: Usama
authors: U
authors: Alshana
authors: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: nertas@gazi.edu.tr.
authors: Nusret
authors: N
authors: Ertaş
authors: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: ngoger@gazi.edu.tr.
authors: Nilgün G
authors: NG
authors: Göğer
mesh_terms: D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D010226:Parabens / Q000032:analysis*; D012997:Solvents
chemical_list: D010226:Parabens; D012997:Solvents
keywords: Capillary electrophoresis; Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction; Food; Human milk; Parabens