title: Indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration in rats: Ameliorative roles of Spondias mombin and Ficus exasperata.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spondias mombin Linn (Anacardiaceae) and Ficus exasperata Valh (Moraceae) are botanicals with known phytotherapeutic potentials in the traditional system of medicine in the world.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to investigate the quantitative polyphenolic constituents and gastroprotective effects of aqueous leaf extracts of Spondias mombin and Ficus exasperata against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ulceration was induced by a single oral administration of indomethacin (30 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)). Ulcerated rats were orally administered with esomeprazole (a reference drug) at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight, and Spondias mombin and Ficus exasperata at a dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w. once daily for 21 d after ulcer induction. Gastric secretions and antioxidant parameters were thereafter evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The significantly increased (p < 0.05) ulcer index, gastric volume, malondialdehyde level, and pepsin activity by indomethacin were effectively reduced by 65.40, 36.47, 45.71, and 53.79%, respectively, following treatment with F. exasperata at 200 mg/kg b.w. S. mombin at this regimen also attenuated these parameters by 71.70, 46.62, 50.16, and 55.73%. Moreover, the extracts significantly increase the reduced activity of superoxide dismutase as well as pH and mucin content in the ulcerated rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings are indicative of gastroprotective and antioxidative potentials of the extracts which is also evident in the degree of % inhibition against ulceration. The available data in this study suggest that the extracts proved to be capable of ameliorating indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration and the probable mechanisms are via antioxidative and proton pump inhibition.
authors: a Phytomedicine, Food Factors and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology , Kwara State University , Ilorin , Nigeria .
authors: Saheed
authors: S
authors: Sabiu
authors: b Department of Plant Biology , University of Ilorin , Ilorin , Nigeria , and.
authors: Taofeeq
authors: T
authors: Garuba
authors: c Phytomedicine and Plant Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biological Sciences , Al-Hikmah University , Ilorin , Nigeria.
authors: Taofik Olatunde
authors: TO
authors: Sunmonu
authors: a Phytomedicine, Food Factors and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology , Kwara State University , Ilorin , Nigeria .
authors: AbdulHakeem O
authors: AO
authors: Sulyman
authors: a Phytomedicine, Food Factors and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology , Kwara State University , Ilorin , Nigeria .
authors: Nurain O
authors: NO
authors: Ismail
mesh_terms: D027926:Anacardiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D064098:Esomeprazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D030681:Ficus / Q000737:chemistry*; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007213:Indomethacin; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009077:Mucins / Q000378:metabolism; D010434:Pepsin A / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D009077:Mucins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D010434:Pepsin A; D064098:Esomeprazole; D007213:Indomethacin
keywords: Antacid; NSAIDS; antioxidative; gastroprotective; proton pump inhibitor; vagotomy