title: Using Photobleaching to Measure Spindle Microtubule Dynamics in Primary Cultures of Dividing Drosophila Meiotic Spermatocytes.
abstract: In dividing animal cells, a microtubule (MT)-based bipolar spindle governs chromosome movement. Current models propose that the spindle facilitates and/or generates translocating forces by regionally depolymerizing the kinetochore fibers (k-fibers) that bind each chromosome. It is unclear how conserved these sites and the resultant chromosome-moving mechanisms are between different dividing cell types because of the technical challenges of quantitatively studying MTs in many specimens. In particular, our knowledge of MT kinetics during the sperm-producing male meiotic divisions remains in its infancy. In this study, I use an easy-to-implement photobleaching-based assay for measuring spindle MT dynamics in primary cultures of meiotic spermatocytes isolated from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. By use of standard scanning confocal microscopy features, fiducial marks were photobleached on fluorescent protein (FP)-tagged MTs. These were followed by time-lapse imaging during different division stages, and their displacement rates were calculated using public domain software. I find that k-fibers continually shorten at their poles during metaphase and anaphase A through the process of MT flux. Anaphase chromosome movement is complemented by Pac-Man, the shortening of the k-fiber at its chromosomal interface. Thus, Drosophila spermatocytes share the sites of spindle dynamism and mechanisms of chromosome movement with mitotic cells. The data reveal the applicability of the photobleaching assay for measuring MT dynamics in primary cultures. This approach can be readily applied to other systems.
authors: Massey University, Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
authors: Matthew S
authors: MS
authors: Savoian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics; D005095:Exoribonucleases / Q000378:metabolism; D018386:Kinetochores; D008297:Male; D008540:Meiosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods*; D008870:Microtubules / Q000502:physiology*; D038761:Photobleaching; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D013090:Spermatocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000502:physiology*; D059008:Time-Lapse Imaging / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D005095:Exoribonucleases; C487208:pcm protein, Drosophila
keywords: Pac-Man; meiosis; microtubule flux; scanning confocal microscopy; time-lapse imaging