title: Prenatal detection of congenital heart defects at the 11- to 13-week scan using a simple color Doppler protocol including the 4-chamber and 3-vessel and trachea views.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The first goal of this study was to analyze the diagnostic performance of the 4-chamber view, 3-vessel and trachea view, and their combination in color mapping during early cardiac evaluations for selecting cases suspicious of congenital heart defects. The second goal was to describe the most common abnormal flow patterns at the levels of the 4-chamber and 3-vessel and trachea views in the late first trimester.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective observational study in which a simple cardiac sonographic protocol was applied in fetuses at gestational ages of 11 weeks to 13 weeks 6 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1084 patients with known postnatal or autopsy findings were included in the study. The median maternal age was 32.3 years (range, 27-40 years). The median crown-rump length was 62.2 mm (range, 45-84 mm). Overall, there were 35 cases with a confirmed congenital heart defect (3.22%), including 16 accompanied by aneuploidy. We found that our simple first-trimester cardiac protocol was an effective screening method for congenital heart defects. The most effective approach of the 3 evaluated by us was the combined application of the 4-chamber and 3-vessel and trachea views in color mapping compared to the 4-chamber and 3-vessel and trachea views alone. We defined the most common ventricular inflow patterns and the V sign. The technique we used was simple and easy to reproduce.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We confirmed that evaluation by two basic cardiac views allows for selection of most cases with a univentricular heart, atrioventricular septal defects, coarctation of the aorta, pulmonary stenosis, pulmonary atresia, and conotruncal defects.
authors: Chair of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland. marcin_wiechec@su.krakow.pl.
authors: Marcin
authors: M
authors: Wiechec
authors: Chair of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Knafel
authors: Chair of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
authors: Agnieszka
authors: A
authors: Nocun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014132:Trachea / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology*; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods
keywords: cardiac defects; fetal echocardiography; fetal heart; first trimester; first-trimester screening; obstetric ultrasound