title: A Review: Phytochemicals Targeting JAK/STAT Signaling and IDO Expression in Cancer.
abstract: Cancer remains a major health problem worldwide. Among many other factors, two regulatory defects that are present in most cancer cells are constitutive activation of Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway and the induction of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme that catalyzes tryptophan degradation, through JAK/STAT signaling. Cytokine signaling activates STAT proteins in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival through modulation of target genes. Many phytochemicals can inhibit both JAK/STAT signaling and IDO expression in antigen-presenting cells by targeting different pathways. Some of the promising phytochemicals that are discussed in this review include resveratrol, cucurbitacin, curcumin, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, and others. It is now evident that phytochemicals play key roles in inhibition of tumor proliferation and development and provide novel means for therapeutic targeting of cancer.
authors: Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada.
authors: Niroshaathevi
authors: N
authors: Arumuggam
authors: Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Administration, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
authors: Neil A
authors: NA
authors: Bhowmick
authors: Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada.|Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4H7, Canada.
authors: H P Vasantha
authors: HP
authors: Rupasinghe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D054728:Cucurbitacins / Q000494:pharmacology; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D053612:Janus Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077185:Resveratrol; D050791:STAT Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; D064209:Phytochemicals; D050791:STAT Transcription Factors; D013267:Stilbenes; D054728:Cucurbitacins; D002392:Catechin; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate; D053612:Janus Kinases; D003474:Curcumin; D000077185:Resveratrol
keywords: JAK/STAT; cancer; epigenetics; indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO); phytochemicals