title: Dietary supplementation with glutamate precursor α-ketoglutarate attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in young pigs.
abstract: There is growing interest in glutamate as a functional amino acid in nutrition and health. This study was conducted to determine whether glutamate precursor α-ketoglutarate (AKG) could alleviate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury in young pigs. Twenty-four piglets were randomly assigned to the control, LPS, or LPS + AKG group. Piglets in the control and LPS groups were fed a basal diet, whereas piglets in the NAC group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 1 % AKG. On days 10, 12, 14, and 16 of the trial, piglets in the LPS and LPS + AKG groups received intraperitoneal administration of LPS (80 μg/kg BW), whereas piglets in the control group received the same volume of saline. On day 16 of the trial, blood samples were collected 3 h after LPS or saline injection. Twenty-four hours post-administration of LPS or saline (on day 17 of the trial), piglets were killed to obtain liver for analysis. Dietary AKG supplementation alleviated LPS-induced histomorphological abnormalities and mitigated LPS-induced increases in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity and AST/ALT ratio (P < 0.05). Compared with the LPS group, dietary supplementation with AKG decreased plasma glutamate concentration, while increasing hepatic concentrations of glutamate, glutamine, leucine, asparagine, lysine, alanine, serine, threonine, valine, and phenylalanine (P < 0.05). LPS challenge dramatically increased concentrations of malondialdehyde and decreased glutathione peroxidase activity in the liver. Additionally, LPS challenge enhanced concentrations of AMP and total protein, as well as RNA/DNA and total protein/DNA ratios, while decreasing hepatic ADP concentrations. These adverse effects of LPS challenge were ameliorated by AKG supplementation. Collectively, dietary AKG supplementation provides a new means to ameliorate LPS-induced liver injury by increasing anti-oxidative capacity and improving energy metabolism in young pigs.
authors: Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China.
authors: Lei
authors: L
authors: Wang
authors: Yongqing
authors: Y
authors: Hou
authors: Dan
authors: D
authors: Yi
authors: Yongtang
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: Binying
authors: B
authors: Ding
authors: Huiling
authors: H
authors: Zhu
authors: Jian
authors: J
authors: Liu
authors: Hang
authors: H
authors: Xiao
authors: Guoyao
authors: G
authors: Wu
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007656:Ketoglutaric Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D034421:Sus scrofa
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D007656:Ketoglutaric Acids; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D008315:Malondialdehyde