title: Public Health Nursing Activities: Visible or Invisible?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To promote visibility of public health nurses (PHNs), this study identified public health nursing activities and explored PHN perceptions of the impact of their activities on the health of the communities they serve.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two surveys with questions focusing on PHN activities were made available electronically. Following the initial survey, the second survey had more detailed questions about PHN activities, including time spent and frequency of activities as well as open-ended questions. Sixty staff level PHNs, representing 29 states, completed the first survey; 49 completed the second survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographic variables and PHN activities were analyzed by population, setting, program, intervention, essential services, and prevention level using descriptive statistics. Themes or categories were determined through a content analysis of responses to three open-ended questions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PHNs reported a wide variety of activities that included: (1) individual/family, community, and systems intervention levels, (2) primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention, and (3) all 10 Public Health Essential Services. PHNs perceived they perform work that is essential for community health.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PHNs do work that is both visible and invisible. PHNs need to be proactive in promoting all their work to increase the visibility of their contributions to population health.
authors: Nursing, Bethel University, St. Paul, Minnesota.
authors: Marjorie A
authors: MA
authors: Schaffer
authors: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
authors: Linda Olson
authors: LO
authors: Keller
authors: Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, Minnesota.
authors: Dawn
authors: D
authors: Reckinger
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D064689:Nurses, Public Health / Q000523:psychology*; D011637:Public Health Nursing / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States
keywords: interventions; nursing workforce; public health nursing practice