title: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection induces NF-κB activation through the TLR2, TLR3 and TLR9 pathways in porcine intestinal epithelial cells.
abstract: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a coronavirus that induces persistent diarrhoea in swine, resulting in severe economic losses in swine-producing countries. Insights into the interplay between PEDV infection and the innate immune system are necessary for understanding the associated mechanism of pathogenesis. The transcription factor NF-κB plays an important role in regulating host immune responses. Here, we elucidated for the first time to our knowledge the potential mechanism of PEDV-mediated NF-κB activation in porcine small intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). During PEDV infection, NF-κB p65 was found to translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, and PEDV-dependent NF-κB activity was associated with viral dose and active replication. Using small interfering RNAs to screen different mRNA components of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) or RIG-I-like receptor signalling pathways, we demonstrated that TLR2, TLR3 and TLR9 contribute to NF-κB activation in response to PEDV infection, but not RIG-I. By screening PEDV structural proteins for their ability to induce NF-κB activities, we found that PEDV nucleocapsid protein (N) could activate NF-κB and that the central region of N was essential for NF-κB activation. Furthermore, TLR2 was involved in PEDV N-induced NF-κB activation in IECs. Collectively, these findings provide new avenues of investigation into the molecular mechanisms of NF-κB activation induced by PEDV infection.
authors: 1College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China.
authors: Liyan
authors: L
authors: Cao
authors: 1College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China.
authors: Xuying
authors: X
authors: Ge
authors: 1College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China.
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Gao
authors: 2College of Electrical and Information, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China.
authors: Yudong
authors: Y
authors: Ren
authors: 1College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China.
authors: Xiaofeng
authors: X
authors: Ren
authors: 1College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China.
authors: Guangxing
authors: G
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000737:chemistry; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000737:chemistry; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D053485:Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus / Q000276:immunology*; D021381:Protein Transport; D013552:Swine; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA