title: Color stability, radiopacity, and chemical characteristics of white mineral trioxide aggregate associated with 2 different vehicles in contact with blood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Discoloration of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) can be exacerbated by the interaction of the cement with body fluids such as blood. This study aimed to analyze the color alteration, chemical characteristics, and radiopacity of MTA manipulated with 2 different vehicles after immersion in blood or distilled water (DW).
  
  
  METHODS
  MTA mixed with 100% DW or 80% DW/20% propylene glycol (PG) as vehicles were placed into rubber rings and incubated at 37°C and 100% relative humidity until set. Color assessment and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis were performed after setting and repeated after 7, 15, and 30 days after immersion in blood and DW. Statistical analysis for color alteration and radiopacity was performed using nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (P < .05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  When 80% DW/20% PG was used as the vehicle, significantly lower color alterations were observed for all time periods compared with 100% DW when immersed in blood (P < .05). All surfaces displayed morphologic changes after immersion in both media because of loss of bismuth. A decrease in radiopacity was observed over time in all groups, with a statistically significant difference after 30 days for groups DW immersed in blood and 80% DW/20% immersed in both media (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ratio of 80% DW/20% PG as a vehicle for MTA results in a lower color alteration when in contact with blood.
authors: Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: brunomgui@usp.br.
authors: Bruno Martini
authors: BM
authors: Guimarães
authors: Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Talita
authors: T
authors: Tartari
authors: Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Marina Angélica
authors: MA
authors: Marciano
authors: Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Rodrigo Ricci
authors: RR
authors: Vivan
authors: Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Rafael Francisco Lia
authors: RF
authors: Mondeli
authors: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.
authors: Josette
authors: J
authors: Camilleri
authors: Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Marco Antonio Hungaro
authors: MA
authors: Duarte
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry*; D001769:Blood; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D010087:Oxides / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry*; D019946:Propylene Glycol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry*; D017640:Silicates / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry*; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013499:Surface Properties; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000139:chemically induced*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; D014867:Water; D019946:Propylene Glycol
keywords: Blood; characterization; color stability; tooth discoloration; white mineral trioxide aggregate