title: Association between Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphisms and frailty among chinese older people.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Frailty involves complex mechanisms of cumulative decline in several physiological systems and is associated with adverse events that are determined by genetic and environmental factors. It has been reported that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphisms are associated with human performance. However, the relationships between ACE polymorphisms and frailty are poorly understood. Therefore, we used a Chinese community-dwelling cohort to examine these relationships.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is a part of the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment and Health Care Service Study, which is a cross-sectional study being conducted in Southwest China.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants were grouped into frail, pre-frail, and robust groups according to the revised Fried frailty criteria. Frailty scores were obtained based on the number of frailty items present and used to evaluate the levels of frailty. ACE I/D polymorphisms were detected by polymerase chain reaction using specific primer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the exclusion of participants with missing data, we included 604 community-dwelling Han people (57.9% women, mean age = 70.6 ± 6.8 years). The frequencies of the I/I, I/D, and D/D genotypes were 45.0%, 45.0%, and 10.0%, respectively. The I/D + D/D genotype (D carriers) exhibited higher frailty scores than did the homozygous I/I group (t = -2.07, P = .039). A greater proportion of the D carriers were classified as frail compared with the homozygous I/I group, but this difference was not statistically significant (15.1% vs 9.9%; χ(2) = -4.57, P = .102). The I/I genotype was associated with a lower frailty score and was significantly associated with reduced risk of prevalent frailty compared with the D-carrying genotypes (adjusted odds ratio 0.689, 95% confidence interval 0.493-0.965; P = .030).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The I/I ACE genotype is associated with a lower risk of frailty and a lower frailty level relative to the D-carrying genotypes among older Han people.
authors: Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors: Shanping
authors: S
authors: Chen
authors: Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors: Qiukui
authors: Q
authors: Hao
authors: Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors: Ming
authors: M
authors: Yang
authors: Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors: Jirong
authors: J
authors: Yue
authors: Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Cao
authors: Chinese Cochrane Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors: Guanjian
authors: G
authors: Liu
authors: Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors: Chuan
authors: C
authors: Zou
authors: Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors: Xiang
authors: X
authors: Ding
authors: Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors: Hongshan
authors: H
authors: Pu
authors: Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; The Center of Coordination and Innovation for Aging Care and Health Promotion of Sichuan, Chengdu, China. Electronic address: birongdong@163.com.
authors: Birong
authors: B
authors: Dong
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional / Q000235:genetics*; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A
keywords: ACE; Frailty; gene polymorphism; insertion/deletion; physical function