title: Ambient versus traditional environment in pediatric emergency department.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to examine the effect of exposure to an ambient environment in a pediatric emergency department. We hypothesized that passive distraction from ambient lighting in an emergency department would lead to reduction in patient pain and anxiety and increased caregiver satisfaction with services.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Passive distraction has been associated with lower anxiety and pain in patients and affects perception of wait time. A pediatric ED was designed that optimized passive distraction techniques using colorful ambient lighting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were nonrandomly assigned to either an ambient ED environment or a traditional ED environment. Entry and exit questionnaires assessed caregiver expectations and experiences. Pain ratings were obtained with age-appropriate scales, and wait times were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 70 participants were assessed across conditions, that is, 40 in the ambient ED group and 30 in the traditional ED group. Caregivers in the traditional ED group expected a longer wait, had higher anxiety pretreatment, and felt more scared than those in the ambient ED group. Caregivers in the ambient ED group felt more included in the care of their child and rated quality of care higher than caregivers in the traditional ED group. Pain ratings and administrations of pain medication were lower in the ambient ED group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mean scores for the ambient ED group were in the expected direction on several items measuring satisfaction with ED experiences. Results were suggestive of less stress in caregivers, less pain in patients, and higher satisfaction levels in the ambient ED group.
authors: Florida Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL, USA patricia.s.robinson@flhosp.org.
authors: Patricia S
authors: PS
authors: Robinson
authors: Florida Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL, USA.
authors: Jeanette
authors: J
authors: Green
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001007:Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D001294:Attitude to Health; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D004779:Environment Design; D005431:Florida; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008029:Lighting / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: ambient environment; passive distraction; patient satisfaction; pediatric emergency department