title: Informing Hospital Change Processes through Visualization and Simulation: A Case Study at a Children's Emergency Clinic.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the use of visualization and simulation tools in order to involve stakeholders and inform the process in hospital change processes, illustrated by an empirical study from a children's emergency clinic.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Reorganization and redevelopment of a hospital is a complex activity that involves many stakeholders and demands. Visualization and simulation tools have proven useful for involving practitioners and eliciting relevant knowledge. More knowledge is desired about how these tools can be implemented in practice for hospital planning processes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A participatory planning process including practitioners and researchers was executed over a 3-year period to evaluate a combination of visualization and simulation tools to involve stakeholders in the planning process and to elicit knowledge about needs and requirements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The initial clinic proposal from the architect was discarded as a result of the empirical study. Much general knowledge about the needs of the organization was extracted by means of the adopted tools. Some of the tools proved to be more accessible than others for the practitioners participating in the study. The combination of tools added value to the process by presenting information in alternative ways and eliciting questions from different angles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Visualization and simulation tools inform a planning process (or other types of change processes) by providing the means to see beyond present demands and current work structures. Long-term involvement in combination with accessible tools is central for creating a participatory setting where the practitioners' knowledge guides the process.
authors: Johanna
authors: J
authors: Persson
authors: Elisabeth Hornyánszky
authors: EH
authors: Dalholm
authors: Gerd
authors: G
authors: Johansson
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006272:Health Facility Environment; D006282:Health Personnel; D006749:Hospital Design and Construction / Q000379:methods*; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D020380:Needs Assessment / Q000458:organization & administration*; D019982:Organizational Case Studies; D013548:Sweden
keywords: Design process; hospital; modeling; planning; work environment