title: Broad resistance to acetohydroxyacid-synthase-inhibiting herbicides in feral radish (Raphanus sativus L.) populations from Argentina.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Soon after the commercial release of sunflower cultivars resistant to imidazolinone herbicides, several uncontrolled feral radish (Raphanus sativus L.) populations were found in south-eastern Buenos Aires, Argentina. These populations were studied in field, glasshouse and laboratory experiments aiming to characterise their resistance profile and to develop management tools.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three feral radish accessions were highly resistant to ten active ingredients of five families of acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS)-inhibiting herbicides. Sequence analysis of the AHAS gene detected a Trp574Leu mutation in all resistant accessions. One accession with an intermediate level of resistance was heterozygous for this mutation, probably owing to gene exchange with a susceptible subpopulation located in the field margin. Herbicide-resistant and herbicide-susceptible radish could be controlled in sunflower by alternative herbicides.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report of feral radish with resistance to herbicides belonging to all the AHAS-inhibiting herbicide families, conferred by Trp574Leu mutation in the AHAS gene. An appropriate herbicide rotation with alternative herbicides such as fluorochloridone or aclonifen and an increase in the diversity of cropping systems are important for minimising the prevalence of these biotypes.
authors: Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Consejo Nacional de Investigación Científica y Técnica (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
authors: Claudio E
authors: CE
authors: Pandolfo
authors: Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Consejo Nacional de Investigación Científica y Técnica (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
authors: Alejandro
authors: A
authors: Presotto
authors: BASF Argentina S.A., Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors: Florencia
authors: F
authors: Moreno
authors: DNA LandMarks Inc., Quebec, Canada.
authors: Ida
authors: I
authors: Dossou
authors: BASF Argentina S.A., Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors: Juan P
authors: JP
authors: Migasso
authors: BASF Argentina S.A., Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors: Ernesto
authors: E
authors: Sakima
authors: Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Consejo Nacional de Investigación Científica y Técnica (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
authors: Miguel
authors: M
authors: Cantamutto
mesh_terms: D000095:Acetolactate Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics*; D001118:Argentina; D001483:Base Sequence; D006368:Helianthus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D053209:Herbicide Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006579:Heterozygote; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D031224:Raphanus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D007093:Imidazoles; D010940:Plant Proteins; D000095:Acetolactate Synthase
keywords: AHAS; Raphanus sativus; feral radish; herbicide resistance; imazethapyr; metsulfuron-methyl