title: Fabrication of Ti/HA composite and functionally graded implant by three-dimensional printing.
abstract: The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of fabricating titanium(Ti)/hydroxyapatite(HA) composite and functionally graded implant by three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology. Nano-scale Ti and HA powders were mixed at the ratio of 8:2 and prepared with water-soluble binder. The Ti/HA composite CAD model was designed to be in cylinder shape (25 mm in diameter, 20 mm in height) with the 100% bond area in each layer. The functionally graded implant was 25 mm in diameter and 10 mm in height with two segments. The upper segment was composed of 100% Ti in each layer, whereas the lower was composed of 80%Ti/20%HA. The composite and functionally graded implant were fabricated by 3DP and sintered at 1200°C under protective argon atmosphere. There occurred a chemical reaction between Ti and HA, in which new resultants of Ca3(PO4)2, CaTiO3, TiO2 and CaO were created. The sintered Ti/HA composite had the aperture size from 50 to 150 μm and the compressive strength of 184.3±27.1 MPa. The result of this study demonstrated that it was feasible to fabricate Ti/HA composite and functionally graded implant by 3DP technology. The microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti/HA composite and functionally graded implant were conductive to bone cell ingrowth, resulting in the wide application of this biocomposite.
authors: Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
authors: Chao
authors: C
authors: Qian
authors: Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
authors: Fuqiang
authors: F
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
authors: Jian
authors: J
authors: Sun
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D019245:Compressive Strength; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D008422:Materials Testing; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry; D011208:Powders; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011208:Powders; D017886:Durapatite; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Composite; functionally graded implant; solid freeform fabrication