title: Specific effect of the fragile-X mental retardation-1 gene (FMR1) on white matter microstructure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fragile-X syndrome (FXS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with intellectual disability and neurobiological abnormalities including white matter microstructural differences. White matter differences have been found relative to neurotypical individuals.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether FXS white matter differences are related specifically to FXS or more generally to the presence of intellectual disability.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used voxel-based and tract-based analytic approaches to compare individuals with FXS (n = 40) with gender- and IQ-matched controls (n = 30).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individuals with FXS had increased fractional anisotropy and decreased radial diffusivity values compared with IQ-matched controls in the inferior longitudinal, inferior fronto-occipital and uncinate fasciculi.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The genetic variation associated with FXS affects white matter microstructure independently of overall IQ. White matter differences, found in FXS relative to IQ-matched controls, are distinct from reported differences relative to neurotypical controls. This underscores the need to consider cognitive ability differences when investigating white matter microstructure in neurodevelopmental disorders.
authors: Tamar Green, MD, Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv; Naama Barnea-Goraly, MD, Mira Raman, MS, Scott S. Hall, PhD, Amy A. Lightbody, PhD, Jennifer L. Bruno, PhD, Eve-Marie Quintin, PhD, Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Allan L. Reiss, MD, Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
authors: Tamar
authors: T
authors: Green
authors: Tamar Green, MD, Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv; Naama Barnea-Goraly, MD, Mira Raman, MS, Scott S. Hall, PhD, Amy A. Lightbody, PhD, Jennifer L. Bruno, PhD, Eve-Marie Quintin, PhD, Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Allan L. Reiss, MD, Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
authors: Naama
authors: N
authors: Barnea-Goraly
authors: Tamar Green, MD, Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv; Naama Barnea-Goraly, MD, Mira Raman, MS, Scott S. Hall, PhD, Amy A. Lightbody, PhD, Jennifer L. Bruno, PhD, Eve-Marie Quintin, PhD, Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Allan L. Reiss, MD, Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
authors: Mira
authors: M
authors: Raman
authors: Tamar Green, MD, Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv; Naama Barnea-Goraly, MD, Mira Raman, MS, Scott S. Hall, PhD, Amy A. Lightbody, PhD, Jennifer L. Bruno, PhD, Eve-Marie Quintin, PhD, Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Allan L. Reiss, MD, Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
authors: Scott S
authors: SS
authors: Hall
authors: Tamar Green, MD, Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv; Naama Barnea-Goraly, MD, Mira Raman, MS, Scott S. Hall, PhD, Amy A. Lightbody, PhD, Jennifer L. Bruno, PhD, Eve-Marie Quintin, PhD, Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Allan L. Reiss, MD, Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
authors: Amy A
authors: AA
authors: Lightbody
authors: Tamar Green, MD, Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv; Naama Barnea-Goraly, MD, Mira Raman, MS, Scott S. Hall, PhD, Amy A. Lightbody, PhD, Jennifer L. Bruno, PhD, Eve-Marie Quintin, PhD, Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Allan L. Reiss, MD, Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
authors: Jennifer L
authors: JL
authors: Bruno
authors: Tamar Green, MD, Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv; Naama Barnea-Goraly, MD, Mira Raman, MS, Scott S. Hall, PhD, Amy A. Lightbody, PhD, Jennifer L. Bruno, PhD, Eve-Marie Quintin, PhD, Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Allan L. Reiss, MD, Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
authors: Eve-Marie
authors: EM
authors: Quintin
authors: Tamar Green, MD, Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv; Naama Barnea-Goraly, MD, Mira Raman, MS, Scott S. Hall, PhD, Amy A. Lightbody, PhD, Jennifer L. Bruno, PhD, Eve-Marie Quintin, PhD, Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Allan L. Reiss, MD, Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California areiss1@stanford.edu.
authors: Allan L
authors: AL
authors: Reiss
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016880:Anisotropy; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging; D005260:Female; D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D005600:Fragile X Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D011446:Prospective Studies; D066127:White Matter / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1; C497683:FMR1 protein, human