title: Study of cardiovascular disease biomarkers among tobacco consumers, part 1: biomarkers of exposure.
abstract: A study was conducted to evaluate biomarkers of biological effect and physiological assessments related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) among adult male cigarette smokers (SMK), moist snuff consumers (MSC) and non-consumers of tobacco (NTC). Additionally, biomarkers of tobacco and tobacco smoke exposure (BoE) were measured in spot urines and are reported here. Except for the BoE to nicotine and NNK, BoE were generally greater in SMK compared with MSC, and BoE were generally not different in comparisons of MSC and NTC. Results demonstrated that MSC had lower systemic exposures to many harmful and potentially harmful constituents than SMK, which is consistent with epidemiological data that indicate a differential in CVD risk between these groups.
authors: R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company , Winston-Salem, NC , USA and.
authors: Leanne R
authors: LR
authors: Campbell
authors: Buddy G
authors: BG
authors: Brown
authors: Bobbette A
authors: BA
authors: Jones
authors: Kristin M
authors: KM
authors: Marano
authors: Michael F
authors: MF
authors: Borgerding
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: CVD; Cigarettes; clinical study; harmful and potentially harmful constituents; moist snuff; spot urines