title: Behavioral, Metabolic, and Immune Consequences of Chronic Alcohol or Cannabinoids on HIV/AIDs: Studies in the Non-Human Primate SIV Model.
abstract: HIV-associated mortality has been significantly reduced with antiretroviral therapy (ART), and HIV infection has become a chronic disease that frequently coexists with many disorders, including substance abuse (Azar et al. Drug Alcohol Depend 112:178-193, 2010; Phillips et al. J Gen Int Med 16:165, 2001). Alcohol and drugs of abuse may modify host-pathogen interactions at various levels including behavioral, metabolic, and immune consequences of HIV infection, as well as the ability of the virus to integrate into the genome and replicate in host cells. Identifying mechanisms responsible for these interactions is complicated by many factors, such as the tissue specific responses to viral infection, multiple cellular mechanisms involved in inflammatory responses, neuroendocrine and localized responses to infection, and kinetics of viral replication. An integrated physiological analysis of the biomedical consequences of chronic alcohol and drug use or abuse on disease progression is possible using rhesus macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), a relevant model of HIV infection. This review will provide an overview of the data gathered using this model to show that chronic administration of two of the most commonly abused substances, alcohol and cannabinoids (Δ(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol; THC), affect host-pathogen interactions.
authors: Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA, pmolin@lsuhsc.edu.
authors: Patricia E
authors: PE
authors: Molina
authors: Angela M
authors: AM
authors: Amedee
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Winsauer
authors: Steve
authors: S
authors: Nelson
authors: Gregory
authors: G
authors: Bagby
authors: Liz
authors: L
authors: Simon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity; D018450:Disease Progression; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus
chemical_list: D002186:Cannabinoids; D000431:Ethanol