title: Characterization of the heterotrimeric G-protein family and its transmembrane regulator from capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.).
abstract: Throughout evolution, organisms have created numerous mechanisms to sense and respond to their environment. One such highly conserved mechanism involves regulation by heterotrimeric G-protein complex comprised of alpha (Gα), beta (Gβ) and gamma (Gγ) subunits. In plants, these proteins play important roles in signal transduction pathways related to growth and development including response to biotic and abiotic stresses and consequently affect yield. In this work, we have identified and characterized the complete heterotrimeric G-protein repertoire in the Capsicum annuum (Capsicum) genome which consists of one Gα, one Gβ and three Gγ genes. We have also identified one RGS gene in the Capsicum genome that acts as a regulator of the G-protein signaling. Biochemical activities of the proteins were confirmed by assessing the GTP-binding and GTPase activity of the recombinant Gα protein and its regulation by the GTPase acceleration activity of the RGS protein. Interaction between different subunits was established using yeast- and plant-based analyses. Gene and protein expression profiles of specific G-protein components revealed interesting spatial and temporal regulation patterns, especially during root development and during fruit development and maturation. This research thus details the characterization of the first heterotrimeric G-protein family from a domesticated, commercially important vegetable crop.
authors: Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA; Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C., Carretera a Eldorado km 5.5, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
authors: Rafael A
authors: RA
authors: Romero-Castillo
authors: Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA.
authors: Swarup
authors: S
authors: Roy Choudhury
authors: Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C., Carretera a Eldorado km 5.5, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
authors: Josefina
authors: J
authors: León-Félix
authors: Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA. Electronic address: spandey@danforthcenter.org.
authors: Sona
authors: S
authors: Pandey
mesh_terms: D002212:Capsicum / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D005638:Fruit / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D020962:Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D025941:Protein Interaction Mapping; D020710:RGS Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D019657:Solanaceae / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D020710:RGS Proteins; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D020962:Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins
keywords: Capsicum annuum; Fruit development; Heterotrimeric G-proteins; Pepper G-proteins; Protein–protein interaction; Regulator of G protein signaling