title: Dynamic time warping and sparse representation classification for birdsong phrase classification using limited training data.
abstract: Annotation of phrases in birdsongs can be helpful to behavioral and population studies. To reduce the need for manual annotation, an automated birdsong phrase classification algorithm for limited data is developed. Limited data occur because of limited recordings or the existence of rare phrases. In this paper, classification of up to 81 phrase classes of Cassin's Vireo is performed using one to five training samples per class. The algorithm involves dynamic time warping (DTW) and two passes of sparse representation (SR) classification. DTW improves the similarity between training and test phrases from the same class in the presence of individual bird differences and phrase segmentation inconsistencies. The SR classifier works by finding a sparse linear combination of training feature vectors from all classes that best approximates the test feature vector. When the class decisions from DTW and the first pass SR classification are different, SR classification is repeated using training samples from these two conflicting classes. Compared to DTW, support vector machines, and an SR classifier without DTW, the proposed classifier achieves the highest classification accuracies of 94% and 89% on manually segmented and automatically segmented phrases, respectively, from unseen Cassin's Vireo individuals, using five training samples per class.
authors: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles 56-125B Engineering IV Building, Box 951594, Los Angeles, California 90095.
authors: Lee N
authors: LN
authors: Tan
authors: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles 56-125B Engineering IV Building, Box 951594, Los Angeles, California 90095.
authors: Abeer
authors: A
authors: Alwan
authors: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles 621 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095.
authors: George
authors: G
authors: Kossan
authors: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles 621 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095.
authors: Martin L
authors: ML
authors: Cody
authors: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles 621 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095.
authors: Charles E
authors: CE
authors: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D020308:Songbirds / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013045:Species Specificity; D060388:Support Vector Machine; D013997:Time Factors; D014828:Vocalization, Animal / Q000145:classification