title: Vesicular exocytosis and microdevices - microelectrode arrays.
abstract: Among all the analytical techniques capable of monitoring exocytosis in real time at the single cell level, electrochemistry (particularly amperometry at a constant potential) using ultramicroelectrodes has been demonstrated to be an important and convenient tool for more than two decades. Indeed, because the electrochemical sensor is located in the close vicinity of the emitting cell ("artificial synapse" configuration), much data can be gathered from the whole cell activity (secretion frequency) to the individual vesicular release (duration, fluxes or amount of molecules released) with an excellent sensitivity. However, such a single cell analysis and its intrinsic benefits are at the expense of the spatial resolution and/or the number of experiments. The quite recent development of microdevices/microsystems (and mainly the microelectrode arrays (MEAs)) offers in some way a complementary approach either by combining spectroscopy-microscopy or by implementing a multianalysis. Such developments are described and discussed in the present review over the 2005-2014 period.
authors: Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Département de Chimie, Sorbonne Universités - UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8640 PASTEUR, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France. christian.amatore@ens.fr frederic.lemaitre@ens.fr manon.guille@ens.fr.
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Amatore
authors: Jérôme
authors: J
authors: Delacotte
authors: Manon
authors: M
authors: Guille-Collignon
authors: Frédéric
authors: F
authors: Lemaître
mesh_terms: D004563:Electrochemistry; D005089:Exocytosis; D008839:Microelectrodes; D055616:Microtechnology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D022142:Secretory Vesicles / Q000378:metabolism*; D059010:Single-Cell Analysis