title: New sulfonate composite functionalized with multiwalled carbon nanotubes with cryogel solid-phase extraction sorbent for the determination of β-agonists in animal feeds.
abstract: A new mixed-mode cation-exchange sulfonate composite functionalized with multiwalled carbon nanotubes with polyvinyl alcohol cryogel was fabricated and used for the first time as a solid-phase extraction sorbent for the determination of β-agonists in animal feeds. Feed samples were extracted with 0.20 M phosphoric acid and methanol (1:4, v/v) using ultrasonication, cleaned-up using the developed sorbent to which the β-agonists bound then finally eluted with 5.0% ammonia in methanol and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Various parameters that affected the extraction efficiency were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the developed sorbent strongly interacted with β-agonists by cationic exchange and hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions, that provided a high extraction efficiency in the range of 92.8 ± 3.7-104.4 ± 2.3% over a range of 0.04-2.0 mg/kg for salbutamol and ractopamine, and 0.40-8.0 mg/kg for clenbuterol. The relative standard deviations were less than 6.0%. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of β-agonists in various types of animal feed and effectively reduced any matrix interference.
authors: Higher Education Research Promotion and National Research University Project of Thailand, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.|Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.|Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.
authors: Supattri
authors: S
authors: Noosang
authors: Higher Education Research Promotion and National Research University Project of Thailand, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.|Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.|Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.
authors: Opas
authors: O
authors: Bunkoed
authors: Higher Education Research Promotion and National Research University Project of Thailand, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.|Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.|Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.
authors: Panote
authors: P
authors: Thavarungkul
authors: Higher Education Research Promotion and National Research University Project of Thailand, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.|Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.|Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.
authors: Proespichaya
authors: P
authors: Kanatharana
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000032:analysis*; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D059985:Cryogels; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D059985:Cryogels; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D013451:Sulfonic Acids
keywords: Animal feeds; Beta-agonists; Mixed-mode cation-exchange; Multiwalled carbon nanotubes; Solid-phase extraction