title: Adiponectin and interleukin-6, but not adipose tissue, are associated with worse neurocognitive function in HIV-infected men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Generalized obesity has been associated with cognitive decline, a process potentially mediated by adipocytokines. The effects of regional adipose tissue (AT) on cognition, however, are not well understood. We explored cross-sectional relationships between regional AT, adipocytokines, inflammatory markers and neuropsychological (NP) test scores among HIV+ and HIV- men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Visceral, subcutaneous abdominal and subcutaneous thigh AT areas were quantified by computed tomography (CT). NP tests (Trail Making Test parts A and B, and Symbol-Digit Modalities) obtained within 2 years of CT screened for psychomotor speed and executive function. Adiponectin, leptin, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 509 HIV+ and 271 HIV- participants, HIV+ men (98% on antiretroviral therapy, 81% HIV-1 RNA<50 copies/ml) had lower median subcutaneous AT and adiponectin levels and higher hs-CRP levels, but visceral AT, body mass index, IL-6 and NP scores did not vary by HIV serostatus. In multivariable analysis, older age, ≤ high school education and African American race, but not AT area or site, were associated with worse NP test scores among all participants. In HIV+ only, higher adiponectin and IL-6 were associated with worse cognitive function independent of AT area. No HIV-specific factors were associated with NP test scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Demographic factors were associated with NP test performance, but regional adiposity was not. In HIV+ only, higher adiponectin and IL-6 were associated with worse NP test scores, supporting a role for chronic inflammation and adipocytokine imbalance in neurocognitive decline in HIV+ persons.
authors: Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. jlake@mednet.ucla.edu.
authors: Jordan E
authors: JE
authors: Lake
authors: Quynh T
authors: QT
authors: Vo
authors: Lisa P
authors: LP
authors: Jacobson
authors: Ned
authors: N
authors: Sacktor
authors: Eric N
authors: EN
authors: Miller
authors: Wendy S
authors: WS
authors: Post
authors: James T
authors: JT
authors: Becker
authors: Frank J
authors: FJ
authors: Palella
authors: Ann
authors: A
authors: Ragin
authors: Eileen
authors: E
authors: Martin
authors: Cynthia A
authors: CA
authors: Munro
authors: Todd T
authors: TT
authors: Brown
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D000367:Age Factors; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology* / Q000821:virology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D004522:Educational Status; D056344:Executive Function; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology* / Q000821:virology; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood*; D019562:Viral Load / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D020738:Leptin; D012367:RNA, Viral; D002097:C-Reactive Protein