title: Use of demineralized bone matrix in the extremities.
abstract: Autologous bone graft is considered as the gold standard for all indications for bone grafting procedures but the limited availability and complications in donor site resulted in seeking other options like allografts and bone graft substitutes. Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is an allograft product with no quantity limitation. It is an osteoconductive material with osteoinductive capabilities, which vary among different products, depending on donor characteristics and differences in processing of the bone. The purpose of the present review is to provide a critical review of the existing literature concerning the use of DBM products in various procedures in the extremities. Clinical studies describing the use of DBM alone or in combination with other grafting material are available for only a few commercial products. The Level of Evidence of these studies and the resulting Grades of Recommendation are very low. In conclusion, further clinical studies of higher quality are required in order to improve the Recommendation Grades for or against the use of DBM products in bone grafting procedures.
authors: Georgios I Drosos, Panagiotis Touzopoulos, Athanasios Ververidis, Konstantinos Tilkeridis, Konstantinos Kazakos, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors: Georgios I
authors: GI
authors: Drosos
authors: Georgios I Drosos, Panagiotis Touzopoulos, Athanasios Ververidis, Konstantinos Tilkeridis, Konstantinos Kazakos, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors: Panagiotis
authors: P
authors: Touzopoulos
authors: Georgios I Drosos, Panagiotis Touzopoulos, Athanasios Ververidis, Konstantinos Tilkeridis, Konstantinos Kazakos, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors: Athanasios
authors: A
authors: Ververidis
authors: Georgios I Drosos, Panagiotis Touzopoulos, Athanasios Ververidis, Konstantinos Tilkeridis, Konstantinos Kazakos, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors: Konstantinos
authors: K
authors: Tilkeridis
authors: Georgios I Drosos, Panagiotis Touzopoulos, Athanasios Ververidis, Konstantinos Tilkeridis, Konstantinos Kazakos, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors: Konstantinos
authors: K
authors: Kazakos
keywords: Allograft; Bone; Demineralized bone matrix; Grafting; Non-union