title: First-time isolation of Candida dubliniensis from plaque and carious dentine of primary teeth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine those organisms of the genus Candida associated with dental caries by investigating samples from active carious lesions. Within the genus Candida, the species Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis are capable of forming chlamydospores and germ tubes. Until it became possible in 1995 to differentiate between the two species taxonomically, C. dubliniensis was falsely identified as C. albicans. Whilst the importance of C. albicans for rapidly progressing early childhood caries (ECC) has been recognised, so far there have been only reports about C. dubliniensis in connection with children/mothers who have been infected with HIV or already developed AIDS. In the present study, C. dubliniensis was for the first time isolated from plaque and carious dentine of a healthy five-year-old boy.
  
  
  METHODS
  As part of the investigation, a number of samples were collected from individual children affected by active dental caries. Amongst the samples, one in particular indicated that Candida species might be involved. The patient was a five-year-old boy with ECC of the primary dentition, scheduled for restorative treatment under general anaesthesia. Before treatment, a salivary, plaque (region of 54/55) and soft carious dentine sample from the tooth 51 was taken before extraction. The counts of yeasts, lactobacilli (LB) and mutans streptococci were determined in the samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The boy's dmft was 11, which was dominated by the d component. In the saliva of the boy, LB and mutans streptococci (MS) were detected. In plaque and carious dentine, MS and most interestingly C. dubliniensis were present. The yeasts were visualised in carious dentine by means of scanning electron micrographs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plaque and carious dentine may be a further habitat of C. dubliniensis.
authors: Biological Laboratory, Clinic for Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials, Centre of Dentistry, University Hospital, Bachstraße 18, D-07740, Jena, Germany, susanne.kneist@med.uni-jena.de.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Kneist
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Borutta
authors: B W
authors: BW
authors: Sigusch
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Nietzsche
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Küpper
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Kostrzewa
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Callaway
mesh_terms: D058491:Bacterial Load; D002175:Candida / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004245:DMF Index; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000382:microbiology*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology*; D003804:Dentin / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007780:Lacticaseibacillus casei / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016986:Streptococcus sobrinus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000382:microbiology*