title: Optimizing antibiotic therapy of bacteremia and endocarditis due to staphylococci and enterococci: new insights and evidence from the literature.
abstract: Gram-positive cocci are a well-recognised major cause of nosocomial infection worldwide. Bloodstream infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci, and multi-drug resistant enterococci are a cause of concern for physicians due to their related morbidity and mortality rates. Aim of this article is to review the current state of knowledge regarding the management of BSI caused by staphylococci and enterococci, including infective endocarditis, and to identify those factors that may help physicians to manage these infections appropriately. Moreover, we discuss the importance of an appropriate use of antimicrobial drugs, taking in consideration the in vitro activity, clinical efficacy data, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters, and potential side effects.
authors: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy. Electronic address: marco.falcone@uniroma1.it.
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Falcone
authors: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy.
authors: Alessandro
authors: A
authors: Russo
authors: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy.
authors: Mario
authors: M
authors: Venditti
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D003030:Coagulase / Q000378:metabolism; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000201:enzymology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D065507:Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003030:Coagulase
keywords: Bacteremia; Coagulase-negative staphylococci; Enterococcus faecalis; Infective endocarditis; Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Vancomycin-resistant enterococci