title: Influenza virus-induced lung injury: pathogenesis and implications for treatment.
abstract: The influenza viruses are some of the most important human pathogens, causing substantial seasonal and pandemic morbidity and mortality. In humans, infection of the lower respiratory tract of can result in flooding of the alveolar compartment, development of acute respiratory distress syndrome and death from respiratory failure. Influenza-mediated damage of the airway, alveolar epithelium and alveolar endothelium results from a combination of: 1) intrinsic viral pathogenicity, attributable to its tropism for host airway and alveolar epithelial cells; and 2) a robust host innate immune response, which, while contributing to viral clearance, can worsen the severity of lung injury. In this review, we summarise the molecular events at the virus-host interface during influenza virus infection, highlighting some of the important cellular responses. We discuss immune-mediated viral clearance, the mechanisms promoting or perpetuating lung injury, lung regeneration after influenza-induced injury, and recent advances in influenza prevention and therapy.
authors: Dept of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany susanne.herold@innere.med.uni-giessen.de.
authors: Susanne
authors: S
authors: Herold
authors: Dept of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany.
authors: Christin
authors: C
authors: Becker
authors: Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors: Karen M
authors: KM
authors: Ridge
authors: Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors: G R Scott
authors: GR
authors: Budinger
mesh_terms: D004727:Endothelium / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D004848:Epithelium / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D055370:Lung Injury / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae; D058873:Pandemics; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines