title: Anthropometric assessment of the nutritional status of children and adolescents residing in selected Polish orphanages based on their energy intake and physical activity level.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Actions to the prevention of overweight and obesity should be first addressed to the youngest population and their parents, guardians as well as teachers. The major objectives of prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity programme should be focused on modification of nutritional habits and promotion of physical activity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status, intake of energy and macronutrients as well as the physical activity of students from orphanages in Krakow.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study was performed in 5 orphanages located in Krakow (Poland), which were under control of Social Welfare Centre in Krakow. The study involved 153 students, 67 girls and 86 boys, aged from 7 to 20 years. Nutritional status was assessed by anthropometric measurements. The protein and total fat content in diets was measured by chemical analyses and carbohydrates were calculated by difference. Physical activity level of children and adolescents was assessed by questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over 80% of boys and about 90% of girls had a normal body mass. Students have spent their free time on additional physical activity from 1h 34 min/day to 5 h 12 min/day. They also have spent their free time on sedentary activities on average 4 h/day. Daily diets of students did not met recommendations for energy, carbohydrates and fats. Intake of protein was too high and exceeded the estimated average requirement even over three times.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the insufficient intake of fat and carbohydrates, students generally showed a proper BMI value. This suggests that excess intake of protein was used for maturation process and was additional source of energy. Reported additional physical activity was satisfactory.
authors: Department of Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Krakow, Poland.
authors: Katarzyna
authors: K
authors: Pysz
authors: Department of Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Krakow, Poland.
authors: Teresa
authors: T
authors: Leszczyńska
authors: Department of Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Krakow, Poland.
authors: Aneta
authors: A
authors: Kopeć
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D054540:Child, Orphaned / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009752:Nutritional Status; D019372:Orphanages; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors