title: Web-based telemonitoring and delivery of caregiver support for patients with Parkinson disease after deep brain stimulation: protocol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The increasing number of patients, the high costs of management, and the chronic progress of the disease that prevents patients from performing even simple daily activities make Parkinson disease (PD) a complex pathology with a high impact on society. In particular, patients implanted with deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes face a highly fragile stabilization period, requiring specific support at home. However, DBS patients are followed usually by untrained personnel (caregivers or family), without specific care pathways and supporting systems.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This projects aims to (1) create a reference consensus guideline and a shared requirements set for the homecare and monitoring of DBS patients, (2) define a set of biomarkers that provides alarms to caregivers for continuous home monitoring, and (3) implement an information system architecture allowing communication between health care professionals and caregivers and improving the quality of care for DBS patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The definitions of the consensus care pathway and of caregiver needs will be obtained by analyzing the current practices for patient follow-up through focus groups and structured interviews involving health care professionals, patients, and caregivers. The results of this analysis will be represented in a formal graphical model of the process of DBS patient care at home. To define the neurophysiological biomarkers to be used to raise alarms during the monitoring process, neurosignals will be acquired from DBS electrodes through a new experimental system that records while DBS is turned ON and transmits signals by radiofrequency. Motor, cognitive, and behavioral protocols will be used to study possible feedback/alarms to be provided by the system. Finally, a set of mobile apps to support the caregiver at home in managing and monitoring the patient will be developed and tested in the community of caregivers that participated in the focus groups. The set of developed apps will be connected to the already existing WebBioBank Web-based platform allowing health care professionals to manage patient electronic health records and neurophysiological signals. New modules in the WebBioBank platform will be implemented to allow integration and data exchange with mobile health apps.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of this project will provide a novel approach to long-term evaluation of patients with chronic, severe conditions in the homecare environment, based on caregiver empowerment and tailored applications developed according to consensus care pathways established by clinicians.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The creation of a direct communication channel between health care professionals and caregivers can benefit large communities of patients and would represent a scalable experience in integrating data and information coming from a clinical setting to those in home monitoring.
authors: Clinical Center for Neurostimulation, Neurotechnology, and Movement Disorders, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy. sara.marceglia@policlinico.mi.it.
authors: Sara
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0456-866X
authors: S
authors: Marceglia
authors: Elena
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4545-3789
authors: E
authors: Rossi
authors: Manuela
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7533-1363
authors: M
authors: Rosa
authors: Filippo
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7810-5281
authors: F
authors: Cogiamanian
authors: Lorenzo
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2444-248X
authors: L
authors: Rossi
authors: Laura
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3642-8979
authors: L
authors: Bertolasi
authors: Alberto
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3652-7061
authors: A
authors: Vogrig
authors: Francesco
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4032-2501
authors: F
authors: Pinciroli
authors: Sergio
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9414-6307
authors: S
authors: Barbieri
authors: Alberto
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1549-3851
authors: A
authors: Priori
keywords: Parkinson disease; deep brain stimulation; delivery of health care, integrated; mobile applications; telemedicine