title: The Affymetrix DMET Plus platform reveals unique distribution of ADME-related variants in ethnic Arabs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Affymetrix Drug Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters (DMET) Plus Premier Pack has been designed to genotype 1936 gene variants thought to be essential for screening patients in personalized drug therapy. These variants include the cytochrome P450s (CYP450s), the key metabolizing enzymes, many other enzymes involved in phase I and phase II pharmacokinetic reactions, and signaling mediators associated with variability in clinical response to numerous drugs not only among individuals, but also between ethnic populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We genotyped 600 Saudi individuals for 1936 variants on the DMET platform to evaluate their clinical potential in personalized medicine in ethnic Arabs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 49% each of the 437 CYP450 variants, 56% of the 581 transporters, 56% of 419 transferases, 48% of the 104 dehydrogenases, and 58% of the remaining 390 variants were detected. Several variants, such as rs3740071, rs6193, rs258751, rs6199, rs11568421, and rs8187797, exhibited significantly either higher or lower minor allele frequencies (MAFs) than those in other ethnic groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study revealed some unique distribution trends for several variants in Arabs, which displayed partly inverse allelic prevalence compared to other ethnic populations. The results point therefore to the need to verify and ascertain the prevalence of a variant as a prerequisite for engaging it in clinical routine screening in personalized medicine in any given population.
authors: King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Salma M
authors: SM
authors: Wakil
authors: The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
authors: Cao
authors: C
authors: Nguyen
authors: King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Nzioka P
authors: NP
authors: Muiya
authors: King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Editha
authors: E
authors: Andres
authors: King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Agnieszka
authors: A
authors: Lykowska-Tarnowska
authors: King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Batoul
authors: B
authors: Baz
authors: King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Asma I
authors: 0000-0003-4041-7006
authors: AI
authors: Tahir
authors: King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Brian F
authors: BF
authors: Meyer
authors: The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
authors: Grant
authors: G
authors: Morahan
authors: King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Nduna
authors: 0000-0003-3395-5754
authors: N
authors: Dzimiri
mesh_terms: D018912:Arabs / Q000235:genetics*; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics*; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006801:Humans; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: C464825:cytochrome P-450 CYP121; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System