title: Evaluation of the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on whole salivary flow rate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Saliva plays a critical role in maintaining oral homeostasis; it modulates the ecosystem through lubrication of the alimentary bolus, protection against microorganisms, buffer and repair of the oral mucosa, and helps in dental re-mineralization. Various local and systemic factors such as medications, radiation therapy, systemic conditions, etc. can lead to reduction in salivary flow. A decrease in salivary function, known as Xerostomia, increases a patient's risk for caries and other oral infections. Palliative management of Xerostomia includes wetting agents such as ice chips, drugs and saliva substitutes. Systemic agents stimulate salivary flow but often have unfavorable side effects. Newer modalities like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), which has fewer side effects, have been used to stimulate salivary flow. The aim of the present study was to assess and evaluate the effect of TENS on whole salivary flow rates in healthy adult subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 80 healthy adult subjects were enrolled in the study. Unstimulated and stimulated saliva (using TENS) was collected for 5 minutes and the mean salivary flow rates were calculated. Data obtained was analyzed using the SPSS (Statistical package for social sciences) version 15. Students 't' test was employed for comparative analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-five of the 80 subjects demonstrated an increase in the salivary flow rate on application of TENS. Twelve subjects demonstrated a mild reduction in the salivary flow rates. Seven subjects experienced transient mild twitching of facial musculature as side effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant increase in salivary flow rates was observed on application of TENS with minimal or no side effects. Key words:Stimulated saliva, whole salivary flow, TENS.
authors: MDS Oral Medicine & Radiology - Private Practice.
authors: Hersheal
authors: H
authors: Aggarwal
authors: Professor - Dept. of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Pacific dental college, Udaipur.
authors: Mohit
authors: M
authors: Pal-Singh
authors: Asst. Professor- Dept. of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Pacific dental college, Udaipur.
authors: Hemant
authors: H
authors: Mathur
authors: Asst. Professor - Dept. of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Institute of dental sciences, Bareilley.
authors: Sowmya
authors: S
authors: Astekar
authors: BDS - Private practice.
authors: Pranay
authors: P
authors: Gulati
authors: BDS - Private practice.
authors: Shruta
authors: S
authors: Lakhani