title: Reagent- and separation-free measurements of urine creatinine concentration using stamping surface enhanced Raman scattering (S-SERS).
abstract: We report a novel reagent- and separation-free method for urine creatinine concentration measurement using stamping surface enhanced Raman scattering (S-SERS) technique with nanoporous gold disk (NPGD) plasmonic substrates, a label-free, multiplexed molecular sensing and imaging technique recently developed by us. The performance of this new technology is evaluated by the detection and quantification of creatinine spiked in three different liquids: creatinine in water, mixture of creatinine and urea in water, and creatinine in artificial urine within physiologically relevant concentration ranges. Moreover, the potential application of our method is demonstrated by creatinine concentration measurements in urine samples collected from a mouse model of nephritis. The limit of detection of creatinine was 13.2 nM (0.15 µg/dl) and 0.68 mg/dl in water and urine, respectively. Our method would provide an alternative tool for rapid, cost-effective, and reliable urine analysis for non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of renal function.
authors: Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Rd., Houston, Texas 77024, USA.
authors: Ming
authors: M
authors: Li
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Rd., Houston, Texas 77024, USA.
authors: Yong
authors: Y
authors: Du
authors: Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Rd., Houston, Texas 77024, USA.
authors: Fusheng
authors: F
authors: Zhao
authors: Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Rd., Houston, Texas 77024, USA.
authors: Jianbo
authors: J
authors: Zeng
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Rd., Houston, Texas 77024, USA.
authors: Chandra
authors: C
authors: Mohan
authors: Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Rd., Houston, Texas 77024, USA ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Rd., Houston, Texas 77024, USA.
authors: Wei-Chuan
authors: WC
authors: Shih
keywords: (170.5660) Raman spectroscopy; (240.6695) Surface-enhanced Raman scattering; (280.1415) Biological sensing and sensors