title: Effect of Local Sustainable Release of BMP2-VEGF from Nano-Cellulose Loaded in Sponge Biphasic Calcium Phosphate on Bone Regeneration.
abstract: Bone regeneration is a coordinated process mainly regulated by multiple growth factors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulates angiogenesis and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) induce osteogenesis during bone healing process. The aim of this study was to investigate how these growth factors released locally and sustainably from nano-cellulose (NC) simultaneously effect bone formation. A biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP)-NC-BMP2-VEGF (BNBV) scaffold was fabricated for this purpose. The sponge BCP scaffold was prepared by replica method and then loaded with 0.5% NC containing BMP2-VEGF. Growth factors were released from NC in a sustainable manner from 1 to 30 days. BNBV scaffolds showed higher cell attachment and proliferation behavior than the other scaffolds loaded with single growth factors. Bare BCP scaffolds and BNBV scaffolds seeded with rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were implanted ectopically and orthotopically in nude mice for 4 weeks. No typical bone formation was exhibited in BNBV scaffolds in ectopic sites. BMP2 and VEGF showed positive effects on new bone formation in BNBV scaffolds, with and without seeded stem cells, in the orthotopic defects. This study demonstrated that the BNBV scaffold could be beneficial for improved bone regeneration. Stem cell incorporation into this scaffold could further enhance the bone healing process.
authors: 1Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
authors: Mousumi
authors: M
authors: Sukul
authors: 1Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.|2Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
authors: Thuy Ba Linh
authors: TB
authors: Nguyen
authors: 2Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.|3Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
authors: Young-Ki
authors: YK
authors: Min
authors: 4Division of Environmental Material Engineering, Department of Forest Products, Korea Forest Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Sun-Young
authors: SY
authors: Lee
authors: 1Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.|2Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
authors: Byong-Taek
authors: BT
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002482:Cellulose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019245:Compressive Strength; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000295:instrumentation; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000008:administration & dosage; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000032:analysis; D016062:Porosity; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D051381:Rats; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C506896:Spp1 protein, mouse; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C074950:hydroxyapatite-beta tricalcium phosphate; D053495:Osteopontin; D002482:Cellulose; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase