title: Methylchloroisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone contact allergy: an occupational perspective.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sensitivity to either methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/methylisothiazolinone (MI) or MI has increased, with a reported frequency of up to 11.1% among dermatitis patients, the main context being allergic contact dermatitis caused by MCI or MCI/MI in personal care products. Case reports have described occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by MI in paints and within the beauty industry.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study identified incident cases of occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by MCI/MI and or MI reported from 1996 to 2012 to a UK-wide surveillance scheme (EPIDERM), with the aim of identifying changes in incidence over the study period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data show an increase in occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by MCI/MI and or MI from 1996 to 2012 of 4.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6-6.9] per annum. Analysis by industry showed a 3.8% (95% CI: -0.3 to 8.0) per annum increase in those exposed to personal care products in the workplace as a primary exposure [healthcare workers, 8.1% (95% CI: 2.1-14.4) per annum; beauty workers, 6.6% (95% CI: -2.2 to 16.2) per annum; hairdressers, 1.5% (95% CI: -4.7 to 8.1) per annum]. There was a 6.3% (95% CI: 1.8-10.9) per annum increase for manufacturing workers. A statistically significant rise in the frequency of occupational allergic contact dermatitis was shown to be attributable to MCI/MI and or MI between 1996 and 2012.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings support recommendations for a review of the regulations relating to MCI/MI and/or MI in cosmetic and personal care products and in industrial settings.
authors: Leeds Centre for Dermatology, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, LS7 4SA, UK.
authors: Rachel
authors: R
authors: Urwin
authors: Leeds Centre for Dermatology, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, LS7 4SA, UK.
authors: Katharine
authors: K
authors: Warburton
authors: Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Epidemiology, Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
authors: Melanie
authors: M
authors: Carder
authors: Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Epidemiology, Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
authors: Susan
authors: S
authors: Turner
authors: Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Epidemiology, Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.|St Mary's Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.
authors: Raymond
authors: R
authors: Agius
authors: Leeds Centre for Dermatology, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, LS7 4SA, UK.
authors: S Mark
authors: SM
authors: Wilkinson
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001461:Barbering; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D009783:Dermatitis, Occupational / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019981:Health Care Sector; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D066192:Manufacturing Industry; D010150:Paint / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D003358:Cosmetics; D013844:Thiazoles; C011506:2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one; C011421:5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one
keywords: allergic contact dermatitis; methylchloroisothiazolinone; methylisothiazolinone; occupational