title: Midkine and Pleiotrophin in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Drug Addiction.
abstract: Pleiotrophin (PTN) and Midkine (MK) are neurotrophines with documented protective actions in experimental models of neurodegenerative diseases and beneficial effects on toxicity and addictive behaviours related to drug abuse. Concerning the latter, both PTN and MK prevent the neurotoxic effects of amphetamine on nigrostriatal pathways and endogenous PTN also limits amphetamine reward. Moreover, endogenous PTN overexpression in the prefontral cortex abolishes alcohol- induced conditioned place preference. This review summarizes the existing patents for using PTN and MK in the treatment and diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disorders with a focus on neurotoxicity, neurodegeneration and substance use disorders. We have also reviewed the mechanism of action of PTN and MK and summarized existing patents on downstream modulators in their signaling pathways for the same indications.
authors: Lab. Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Urb. Montepríncipe, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain. lfalguacil@ceu.es.
authors: Luis F
authors: LF
authors: Alguacil
authors: Gonzalo
authors: G
authors: Herradón
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D000078792:Midkine; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; C066845:pleiotrophin; D000078792:Midkine