title: Rapid detection of nasopharyngeal cancer using Raman spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analysis.
abstract: Optical spectroscopic techniques, including Raman spectroscopy, have shown promise forin vivocancer diagnostics in a variety of organs. In this study, the potential use of a home-made Raman spectral system with a millimeter order excitation laser spot size combined with a multivariate statistical analysis for the rapid detection and discrimination of nasopharyngeal cancer from normal nasopharyngeal tissue was evaluated. Raman scattering signals were acquired from 16 normal and 32 nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue samples. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) based on principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) were employed to generate diagnostic algorithms for the classification of different nasopharyngeal tissue types. Spectral differences in Raman spectra between the two types of tissues were revealed; the normalized intensities of Raman peaks at 1,001, 1,207 and 1,658 cm-1were more intense for nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue compared to normal tissue, while Raman bands at 848, 936 and 1,446 cm-1were stronger in normal nasopharyngeal samples. The PCA-LDA algorithm together with leave-one-out cross validation yields a diagnostic sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 87%, while the PLS method coupled with subwindow permutation analysis improves the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity to 85 and 88%, respectively. Therefore, Raman spectroscopy combined with PCA-LDA/PLS demonstrated good potential for improving the clinical diagnosis of nasopharyngeal cancers.
authors: Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007.
authors: Yongzeng
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007 ; Fujian Metrology Institute, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Huang
authors: Cancer Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian 350001, P.R. China.
authors: Jianji
authors: J
authors: Pan
authors: Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China.
authors: Qing
authors: Q
authors: Ye
authors: Cancer Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian 350001, P.R. China.
authors: Shaojun
authors: S
authors: Lin
authors: Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007.
authors: Shangyuan
authors: S
authors: Feng
authors: Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007.
authors: Shusen
authors: S
authors: Xie
authors: Imaging Unit-Integrative Oncology Department, British Columbia Cancer Agency Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada ; Imaging Unit - Integrative Oncology Department, British Columbia Cancer Agency Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.
authors: Haishan
authors: H
authors: Zeng
authors: Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007.
authors: Rong
authors: R
authors: Chen
keywords: Raman spectroscopy; discriminant analysis; nasopharyngeal carcinoma; principal component analysis