title: Hoarseness and Risk Factors in University Teachers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the presence of hoarseness and the risk factors in male and female university teachers in private institutions in the city of São Paulo, Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Voice self-evaluation forms prepared by the Brazilian Ministry of Labor were administered to 846 university teachers in a private institution in the city of São Paulo, Brazil.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of hoarseness in the sample is 39.6%. Percentage of hoarseness is higher in females (51.8%) than in males (32.6%). Comparing hoarseness and time of teaching, it was observed that the percentage of hoarseness is lower in a time shorter or equal to 1 year, and it is higher in a time between 10 and 20 years. Percentage of hoarseness is lower in the maximum workload of one to three class hours per day compared with the other workloads. Percentage of hoarseness is lower when the maximum number of students per classroom is less than 30 than when it is between 101 and 150 students. Other factors like in terms of noise and sound competition, air pollution, and in terms of causing stress and anxiety, besides habits and style/quality of life are related to the presence of hoarseness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  University teachers show high percentage of hoarseness. Factors, such as time of teaching, females, work organization, workplace, in terms of noise and sound competition, air pollution, and in terms of causing stress and anxiety, besides habits and style/quality of life, are related to the presence of hoarseness in this group.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery of Federal, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: gustavokorn@uol.com.br.
authors: Gustavo Polacow
authors: GP
authors: Korn
authors: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery of Federal, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Augusto de Lima Pontes
authors: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery of Federal, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Denise
authors: D
authors: Abranches
authors: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery of Federal, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Paulo
authors: P
authors: Augusto de Lima Pontes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005178:Faculty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006685:Hoarseness / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D014495:Universities; D016526:Workload; D017132:Workplace
keywords: Dysphonia; Risk factors; Teachers