title: Simulation center training as a means to improve resident performance in percutaneous noncontinuous CT-guided fluoroscopic procedures with dose reduction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a multifaceted simulation-based resident training for CT-guided fluoroscopic procedures by measuring procedural and technical skills, radiation dose, and procedure times before and after simulation training.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective analysis included 40 radiology residents and eight staff radiologists. Residents took an online pretest to assess baseline procedural knowledge. Second-through fourth-year residents' baseline technical skills with a procedural phantom were evaluated. First-through third-year residents then underwent formal didactic and simulation-based procedural and technical training with one of two interventional radiologists and followed the training with 1 month of supervised phantom-based practice. Thereafter, residents underwent final written and practical examinations. The practical examination included essential items from a 20-point checklist, including site and side marking, consent, time-out, and sterile technique along with a technical skills portion assessing pedal steps, radiation dose, needle redirects, and procedure time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicated statistically significant improvement in procedural and technical skills after simulation training. For residents, the median number of pedal steps decreased by three (p=0.001), median dose decreased by 15.4 mGy (p<0.001), median procedure time decreased by 4.0 minutes (p<0.001), median number of needle redirects decreased by 1.0 (p=0.005), and median number of 20-point checklist items successfully completed increased by three (p<0.001). The results suggest that procedural skills can be acquired and improved by simulation-based training of residents, regardless of experience.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CT simulation training decreases procedural time, decreases radiation dose, and improves resident efficiency and confidence, which may transfer to clinical practice with improved patient care and safety.
authors: 1 Department of Radiology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI 48202.
authors: Mishal
authors: M
authors: Mendiratta-Lala
authors: Todd R
authors: TR
authors: Williams
authors: Vivek
authors: V
authors: Mendiratta
authors: Hafeez
authors: H
authors: Ahmed
authors: John W
authors: JW
authors: Bonnett
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D058996:Quality Improvement; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000592:standards*; D011871:Radiology / Q000193:education*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000592:standards*
keywords: CT-guided percutaneous procedures; cross-sectional intervention; phantom training; resident education; simulation-based training