title: Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative complications in orthognathic surgery: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine whether orthognathic surgery is associated with any complications, and what type of complications may occur.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained using PubMed (MEDLINE), ISI Web of Knowledge, Ovid, Cochrane Library, Embase Library, and an additional manual search. The titles and abstracts of the electronic search results were screened and evaluated by two observers for eligibility according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1924 articles were identified, and we retained 44 articles for the final analysis. The Prisma diagram flowchart demonstrates our selection scheme. For the purpose of this study, the Cochrane data extraction form was modified. One review author extracted data from the included studies, and the second author checked all of the forms. The hierarchy of evidence classification from the UK NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination was used to assess the level of evidence for the retrieved studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An evaluation of the obtained studies revealed the existence of a large number of varied complications associated with orthognathic surgery procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral and maxillofacial surgeons, orthodontists, and the surgical team need to prevent such complications during preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods to increase the safety of orthognathic surgery procedures. This review was registered on http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO as CRD42013004711.
authors: Department of Dental Surgery, Pomeranian Medical Uniwersity, ul. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland, jedrzejewski.m2@gmail.com.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Jędrzejewski
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Smektała
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Sporniak-Tutak
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Olszewski
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D056948:Orthognathic Surgical Procedures; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D057234:Preoperative Period; D012307:Risk Factors