title: Anemia in Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Prevalence, pathogenesis, and potential impact.
abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common preventable and treatable lifestyle-related disease with high global prevalence. COPD is associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Comorbidities are important events in the natural history of the disease and have a negative effect on the morbidity and mortality of COPD patients. Cardiac diseases, lung cancer, osteoporosis, and depression are common comorbidities reported for COPD. Recently, anemia has been recognized as a frequent comorbidity in COPD patients. The prevalence of anemia in patients with COPD varies from 7.5% to 33%. Anemia of chronic disease (ACD) is probably the most common type of anemia associated with COPD. ACD is driven by COPD-mediated systemic inflammation. Anemia in COPD is associated with greater healthcare resource utilization, impaired quality of life, decreased survival, and a greater likelihood of hospitalization. We need large prospective studies to discern the association between anemia and COPD.
authors: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India.
authors: Malay
authors: M
authors: Sarkar
authors: Department of Physiology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India.
authors: Puja Negi
authors: PN
authors: Rajta
authors: Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India.
authors: Jasmin
authors: J
authors: Khatana
keywords: Anemia of chronic disease; anemia; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease