title: Ethanol induces hydroxytyrosol formation in humans.
abstract: Previous studies in animals have shown an increase of hydroxytyrosol (OHTyr), a potent phenolic antioxidant and a minor metabolite of dopamine (also called 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol or DOPET), after ethanol intake. The interaction between ethanol and dopamine metabolism is the probable mechanism involved. The aim of the study was to establish the contribution of the dose of ethanol on OHTyr formation. 24 healthy male volunteers were included. Subjects were distributed in three different cohorts and each volunteer received two doses of ethanol or placebo. Doses of ethanol administered were 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 42 g. Study design was double-blind, randomized, crossover and controlled. Hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol (Tyr), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) urinary excretion, ethanol plasma concentrations and drunkenness were evaluated along a 6-h period. Urinary excretion of OHTyr and Tyr increased with ethanol administered dose. A reduction in the ratio DOPAC/OHTyr from placebo to the highest dose was observed, compatible with a shift in the dopamine metabolism to preferently produce OHTyr instead of DOPAC. Also a dose-dependent increase in plasma ethanol concentrations and subjective effects was observed. This study demonstrates an endogenous production of OHTyr and Tyr in relation to ethanol administered dose in humans. Biological effects of both phenols from this source should be investigated in future studies.
authors: Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Clara
authors: C
authors: Pérez-Mañá
authors: Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Magí
authors: M
authors: Farré
authors: Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors: Mitona
authors: M
authors: Pujadas
authors: Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Mustata
authors: Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Esther
authors: E
authors: Menoyo
authors: Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors: Antoni
authors: A
authors: Pastor
authors: Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Universitat Politècnica de Cataluña/BARCELONATECH, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Klaus
authors: K
authors: Langohr
authors: Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University (CEXS-UPF), Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: rtorre@imim.es.
authors: Rafael
authors: R
authors: de la Torre
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001944:Breath Tests; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; C005975:3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol; D000431:Ethanol; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol; D004298:Dopamine
keywords: Alcohol; DOPET; Dopamine; Hydroxytyrosol; Tyrosol