title: Carious affected dentine: its behaviour in adhesive bonding.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carious affected dentine (CAD) represents a very common substrate in adhesive dentistry. Despite its ability to interact with adhesive systems, the intrinsic character of CAD leads to lower bonding compared with sound dentine, regardless of the adhesive systems used. This low bonding may be more susceptible to leakage and hydrolysis of the interface by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). This systematic review aimed to determine current knowledge of CAD bonding, together with bond strength and MMP inhibitors' ability to prevent hybrid layer instability.
  
  
  METHODS
  MEDLINE/Pubmed, Scopus and The Cochrane Library databases were electronically searched for articles published from 1 January 1960 to 31 August 2014. Two reviewers independently screened and included papers according to predefined selection criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The electronic searches identified 320 studies. After title, abstract and full-text examinations, 139 articles met the inclusion criteria. Data highlighted that a poor resin saturation of the already demineralized collagen matrix in CAD is strictly related to nanoleakage in interdiffusion and is the basis of the progressive decrease in strength with hydrolysis by MMPs. The use of mild self-etching systems seems to be the more accredited method to establish bonding in CAD. Inhibitors of MMPs may ensure better performance of CAD bonding, allowing undisturbed remineralization of the affected matrix.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CAD bonding needs further understanding and improvement, particularly to enhance the strength and durability of the hybrid layer.
authors: Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Pinna
authors: Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.|National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Italy.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Maioli
authors: Department of Surgery and Biomedical Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Eramo
authors: Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Mura
authors: Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Milia
mesh_terms: D001840:Dental Bonding; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000473:pathology*; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000517:prevention & control; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: D003738:Dental Cements; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors
keywords: Adhesion; carious affected hybrid layer; etch-and-rinse adhesives; matrix metalloproteinases; self-etching adhesives