title: Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for diagnosis of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) to detect upper urinary tract urothelial carcinomas (UTUC) compared with pathological examination of tissues obtained by ureteroscopic biopsy and split cytologic analysis of urine obtained after retrograde pyelography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinicopathological records of patients at our institution were retrospectively reviewed. Fifty patients with clinically suspected UTUC, who were histologically diagnosed by nephroureterectomy, partial ureterectomy, or endoscopic biopsy, were included. The patient cohort included 42 men and 8 women, with a median age of 73 (range 54-92) years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 27 % of 49 patients with UTUC had positive voided urine cytology, and 33 % of 40 patients had positive split urine cytology. In addition, 40 % of 10 patients had a positive endoscopic biopsy. However, 83 % of 48 patients with UTUC had positive results from FDG-PET/CT examination. The positive predictive value of FDG-PET/CT was 95 %. There were no correlations between sensitivity and tumor stage or tumor grade. Sensitivity of FDG-PET/CT for patients with and without diabetes mellitus was 60 and 89 %, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These preliminary results from a small number of patients revealed that FDG-PET/CT enabled effective detection of UTUC.
authors: Department of Urology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan. archann02092000@yahoo.co.jp.
authors: Seiji
authors: S
authors: Asai
authors: Department of Urology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan. siawase110bann@yahoo.co.jp.
authors: Tetsuya
authors: T
authors: Fukumoto
authors: Department of Urology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan. tanji@m.ehime-u.ac.jp.
authors: Nozomu
authors: N
authors: Tanji
authors: Department of Urology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan. norimiurajp@yahoo.co.jp.
authors: Noriyoshi
authors: N
authors: Miura
authors: Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan. miyagawa@m.ehime-u.ac.jp.
authors: Masao
authors: M
authors: Miyagawa
authors: Department of Urology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan. i401063@hotmail.co.jp.
authors: Kenichi
authors: K
authors: Nishimura
authors: Department of Urology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan. yyanagi@m.ehime-u.ac.jp.
authors: Yutaka
authors: Y
authors: Yanagihara
authors: Department of Urology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan. ashirato@m.ehime-u.ac.jp.
authors: Akitomi
authors: A
authors: Shirato
authors: Department of Urology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan. uroyuukictb12@yahoo.co.jp.
authors: Yuki
authors: Y
authors: Miyauchi
authors: Department of Urology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan. takikuga@m.ehime-u.ac.jp.
authors: Tadahiko
authors: T
authors: Kikugawa
authors: Department of Urology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan. myoko@m.ehime-u.ac.jp.
authors: Masayoshi
authors: M
authors: Yokoyama
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003581:Cytodiagnosis; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D015907:Hysteroscopy; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014516:Ureteral Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016482:Urinalysis; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
keywords: FDG-PET/CT; Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma; Ureteroscopy; Urine cytology