title: Structural and Qualitative Bone Remodeling Around Repetitive Loaded Implants in Rabbits.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bone mechanical function is regulated by bone quality and bone mineral density (BMD) that reflect bone strength. The preferential alignment of biological apatite (BAp) c-axis/collagen fibers and osteocytes is a determinant factor of bone quality. However, the effect of mechanical loading on bone quality around dental implants is unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of mechanical loading on osseointegration, bone volume BMD, and bone quality around dental implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty anodized Ti-6Al-4V alloy implants (KYOCERA Co., Kyoto, Japan) were placed in the proximal tibial metaphysis of 10 rabbits. Twelve weeks after surgery, mechanical loading was applied along the long axis of the implant (50 N, 3 Hz, 1,800 cycles, 2 days/week) for 8 weeks. Osseointegration, bone volume, BMD, and bone quality were evaluated using light microscopy, microcomputed tomography, polarized light microscopy, and microbeam X-ray diffractometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mechanical loading increased osseointegration, bone volume, and BMD. Bone quality around dental implant was altered with increased osteocyte numbers and the preferential alignment direction and degree of BAp c-axis/collagen fibers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that mechanical loading effectively induces bone anabolic responses around dental implants. Altered bone quality may upregulate bone strength, contributing to long-term implant stability.
authors: Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors: Shinichiro
authors: S
authors: Kuroshima
authors: Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors: Munenori
authors: M
authors: Yasutake
authors: Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors: Kotaro
authors: K
authors: Tsuiki
authors: Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Takayoshi
authors: T
authors: Nakano
authors: Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Sawase
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000009:adverse effects; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D011817:Rabbits; D013977:Tibia / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014025:Titanium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D015921:Dental Implants; C031462:titanium alloy (TiAl6V4); D014025:Titanium
keywords: anisotropy; bone quality; collagen; dental implant; osseointegration; osteocytes; x-ray diffraction