title: Effect of sodium and potassium supplementation on vascular and endothelial function: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is known that increased potassium and reduced sodium intakes can improve postprandial endothelial function. However, the effect of increasing potassium in the presence of high sodium in the postprandial state is not known.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to determine the effect of high potassium and high sodium on postprandial endothelial function as assessed by using flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and arterial compliance as assessed by using pulse wave velocity (PWV) and central augmentation index (AIx).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-nine healthy, normotensive volunteers [21 women and 18 men; mean ± SD age: 37 ± 15 y; BMI (in kg/m(2)): 23.0 ± 2.8] received a meal with 3 mmol K and 65 mmol Na (low-potassium, high-sodium meal (LKHN)], a meal with 38 mmol K and 65 mmol Na [high-potassium, high-sodium meal (HKHN)], and a control meal with 3 mmol K and 6 mmol Na (low-potassium, low-sodium meal) on 3 separate occasions in a randomized crossover trial. Brachial artery FMD, carotid-femoral PWV, central AIx, and blood pressure (BP) were measured while participants were fasting and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after meals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the LKHN, the addition of potassium (HKHN) significantly attenuated the postmeal decrease in FMD (P-meal by time interaction < 0.05). FMD was significantly lower after the LKHN than after the HKHN at 30 min (P < 0.01). AIx decreased after all meals (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in AIx, PWV, or BP between treatments over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of potassium to a high-sodium meal attenuates the sodium-induced postmeal reduction in endothelial function as assessed by FMD. This trial was registered at http://www.anzctr.org.au/ as ACTRN12613000772741.
authors: From the School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
authors: Natalie
authors: N
authors: Blanch
authors: From the School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
authors: Peter M
authors: PM
authors: Clifton
authors: From the School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
authors: Kristina S
authors: KS
authors: Petersen
authors: From the School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
authors: Jennifer B
authors: JB
authors: Keogh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet; D004039:Diet, Sodium-Restricted; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D062407:Meals; D008875:Middle Aged; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000187:drug effects; D017419:Potassium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017419:Potassium, Dietary; D012982:Sodium, Dietary
keywords: endothelial function; flow-mediated dilatation; potassium; sodium; vascular function