title: Virgin olive oil, palm olein and coconut oil diets do not raise cell adhesion molecules and thrombogenicity indices in healthy Malaysian adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Effects of high-protein diets that are rich in saturated fats on cell adhesion molecules, thrombogenicity and other nonlipid markers of atherosclerosis in humans have not been firmly established. We aim to investigate the effects of high-protein Malaysian diets prepared separately with virgin olive oil (OO), palm olein (PO) and coconut oil (CO) on cell adhesion molecules, lipid inflammatory mediators and thromobogenicity indices in healthy adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized cross-over intervention with three dietary sequences, using virgin OO, PO and CO as test fats, was carried out for 5 weeks on each group consisting of 45 men and women. These test fats were incorporated separately at two-thirds of 30% fat calories into high-protein Malaysian diets.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For fasting and nonfasting blood samples, no significant differences were observed on the effects of the three test-fat diets on thrombaxane B2 (TXB2), TXB2/PGF1α ratios and soluble intracellular and vascular cell adhesion molecules. The OO diet induced significantly lower (P<0.05) plasma leukotriene B4 (LTB4) compared with the other two test diets, whereas PGF1α concentrations were significantly higher (P<0.05) at the end of the PO diet compared with the OO diet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diets rich in saturated fatty acids from either PO or CO and high in monounsaturated oleic acid from virgin OO do not alter the thrombogenicity indices-cellular adhesion molecules, thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and TXB2/prostacyclin (PGF1α) ratios. However, the OO diet lowered plasma proinflammatory LTB4, whereas the PO diet raised the antiaggregatory plasma PGF1α in healthy Malaysian adults. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT 00941837.
authors: 1] Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Malaysia [2] Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, International Medical University (IMU), No.126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: P T
authors: PT
authors: Voon
authors: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, International Medical University (IMU), No.126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: T K W
authors: TK
authors: Ng
authors: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, International Medical University (IMU), No.126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: V K M
authors: VK
authors: Lee
authors: Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Malaysia.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Nesaretnam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D028023:Arecaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D000074263:Coconut Oil; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000208:ethnology; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000592:standards / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007975:Leukotriene B4 / Q000097:blood; D008296:Malaysia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000069463:Olive Oil / Q000592:standards / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000009:adverse effects; D011460:Prostaglandins F / Q000097:blood; D012306:Risk; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000097:blood; D014304:Triolein / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D011460:Prostaglandins F; D014304:Triolein; D007975:Leukotriene B4; D013929:Thromboxane B2; D000074263:Coconut Oil; C100006:prostaglandin F1