title: Clinical practice guidelines for the management of biliary tract cancers 2015: the 2nd English edition.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Japanese Society of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery launched the clinical practice guidelines for the management of biliary tract and ampullary carcinomas in 2008. Novel treatment modalities and handling of clinical issues have been proposed after the publication. New approaches for editing clinical guidelines, such as the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system, also have been introduced for better and clearer grading of recommendations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical questions (CQs) were proposed in seven topics. Recommendation, grade of recommendation and statement for each CQ were discussed and finalized by evidence-based approach. Recommendation was graded to grade 1 (strong) and 2 (weak) according to the concept of GRADE system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 29 CQs covered seven topics: (1) prophylactic treatment, (2) diagnosis, (3) biliary drainage, (4) surgical treatment, (5) chemotherapy, (6) radiation therapy, and (7) pathology. In 27 CQs, 19 recommendations were rated strong and 11 recommendations weak. Each CQ included the statement of how the recommendation was graded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This guideline provides recommendation for important clinical aspects based on evidence. Future collaboration with cancer registry will be a key for assessment of the guidelines and establishment of new evidence. Free full-text articles and a mobile application of this guideline are available via http://www.jshbps.jp/en/guideline/biliary-tract2.html.
authors: Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors: Masaru
authors: M
authors: Miyazaki
authors: Hideyuki
authors: H
authors: Yoshitomi
authors: Shuichi
authors: S
authors: Miyakawa
authors: Katsuhiko
authors: K
authors: Uesaka
authors: Michiaki
authors: M
authors: Unno
authors: Itaru
authors: I
authors: Endo
authors: Takehiro
authors: T
authors: Ota
authors: Masayuki
authors: M
authors: Ohtsuka
authors: Hisafumi
authors: H
authors: Kinoshita
authors: Kazuaki
authors: K
authors: Shimada
authors: Hiroaki
authors: H
authors: Shimizu
authors: Masami
authors: M
authors: Tabata
authors: Kazuo
authors: K
authors: Chijiiwa
authors: Masato
authors: M
authors: Nagino
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Hirano
authors: Toshifumi
authors: T
authors: Wakai
authors: Keita
authors: K
authors: Wada
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Isayama
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Iasayama
authors: Takuji
authors: T
authors: Okusaka
authors: Toshio
authors: T
authors: Tsuyuguchi
authors: Naotaka
authors: N
authors: Fujita
authors: Junji
authors: J
authors: Furuse
authors: Kenji
authors: K
authors: Yamao
authors: Koji
authors: K
authors: Murakami
authors: Hideya
authors: H
authors: Yamazaki
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Kijima
authors: Yasuni
authors: Y
authors: Nakanuma
authors: Masahiro
authors: M
authors: Yoshida
authors: Tsukasa
authors: T
authors: Takayashiki
authors: Tadahiro
authors: T
authors: Takada
mesh_terms: D001661:Biliary Tract Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D019468:Disease Management; D006801:Humans; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards*
keywords: Ampullary carcinoma; Bile duct carcinoma; Biliary tract cancer; Gallbladder carcinoma