title: Rapid separation of cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside from crude mulberry extract using high-performance countercurrent chromatography and establishment of a volumetric scale-up process.
abstract: This study describes the rapid separation of mulberry anthocyanins; namely, cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside, using high-performance countercurrent chromatography, and the establishment of a volumetric scale-up process from semi-preparative to preparative-scale. To optimize the separation parameters, biphasic solvent systems composed of tert-butyl methyl ether/n-butanol/acetonitrile/0.01% trifluoroacetic acid, flow rate, sample amount and rotational speed were evaluated for the semi-preparative-scale high-performance countercurrent chromatography. The optimized semi-preparative-scale high-performance countercurrent chromatography parameters (tert-butyl methyl ether/n-butanol/acetonitrile/0.01% trifluoroacetic acid, 1:3:1:5, v/v; flow rate, 4.0 mL/min; sample amount, 200-1000 mg; rotational speed, 1600 rpm) were transferred directly to a preparative-scale (tert-butyl methyl ether/n-butanol/acetonitrile/0.01% trifluoroacetic acid, 1:3:1:5, v/v; flow rate, 28 mL/min; sample amount, 5.0-10.0 g; rotational speed, 1400 rpm) to achieve separation results identical to cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside. The separation of mulberry anthocyanins using semi-preparative high-performance countercurrent chromatography and its volumetric scale-up to preparative-scale was addressed for the first time in this report.
authors: College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea.
authors: Soo-Jung
authors: SJ
authors: Choi
authors: College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Janggyoo
authors: J
authors: Choi
authors: College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Chang Uk
authors: CU
authors: Lee
authors: College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Shin Hee
authors: SH
authors: Yoon
authors: College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea.
authors: Soo Kyung
authors: SK
authors: Bae
authors: College of Pharmacy and BK21 PLUS R-FIND Team, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors: Young-Won
authors: YW
authors: Chin
authors: College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jinwoong
authors: J
authors: Kim
authors: College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea.
authors: Kee Dong
authors: KD
authors: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003377:Countercurrent Distribution / Q000379:methods*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D031625:Morus / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D005960:Glucosides; D010936:Plant Extracts; C462279:cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside; C428983:cyanidin 3-rutinoside
keywords: Cyanidin-3-glucoside; Cyanidin-3-rutinoside; High-performance countercurrent chromatography; Mulberry; Volumetric scale-up