title: Human Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells express oocyte developmental genes during co-culture with placental cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present day challenge is how to obtain germ cells from stem cells to treat patients with cancer and infertility. Much more efforts have been made to develop a procedure for attaining germ cells in vitro. Recently, human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) have been introduced with higher efficacy for differentiation. In this work, we tried to explore the efficacy of HUMSCs and some effective products of placental cells such as transforming growth factors. This study is aimed to optimize a co-culture condition for HUMSCs with placental cells to obtain primordial germ cells (PGCs) and reach into oocyte-like cells in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this experimental study, HUMSCs and placental cells were co-cultured for 14 days without any external inducer in vitro. Then HUMSCs were assessed for expression of PGC markers; Octamer-binding transcription factor 4(OCT4), Tyrosine-protein kinase Kit (CKIT), Stage specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA4), DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 4(DDX4) and oocyte specific markers; Growth differentiation factor-9(GDF9), Zona pellucida glycoprotein 3(ZP3). The pertinent markers were assessed by immunocytochemistry and Q-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Co-cultured HUMSCs with placental cells (including amniotic and chorionic cells) presented Oct4 and DDX4, primordial germ cells specific markers significantly, but increment in expression of oocyte-like cell specific markers, GDF9 and ZP3 did not reach to statistically significant threshold.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Placental cell supplements Transforming growth factor (TGF α, β) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in a co-culture model can provide proper environment for induction of HUMSCs into PGCs and expression of oocyte-like markers.
authors: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Hamid Reza
authors: HR
authors: Asgari
authors: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Mohammad
authors: M
authors: Akbari
authors: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Mehdi
authors: M
authors: Abbasi
authors: Department of Tissue engineering, School of Advanced Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Jafar
authors: J
authors: Ai
authors: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Morteza
authors: M
authors: Korouji
authors: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Fereshte
authors: F
authors: Aliakbari
authors: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Kehinde Adebayo
authors: KA
authors: Babatunde
authors: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
authors: Fereydoon Sargolzaei
authors: FS
authors: Aval
authors: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Mohammad Taghi
authors: MT
authors: Joghataei
keywords: Co-culture; Human umbilical cord; Mesenchymal stem cells; Oocyte-like cell; Placental cells