title: Real-World Verbal Communication Performance of Children Provided With Cochlear Implants or Hearing Aids.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the real-world verbal communication performance of children provided with cochlear implants (CIs) with their peers with hearing aids (HAs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study in university tertiary referral centers and at hearing aid dispensers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Verbal communication performance was assessed by the Functioning after Pediatric Cochlear Implantation (FAPCI) instrument. The FAPCI was administered to 38 parents of children using CIs and 62 parents of children with HAs. According to the WHO classification, children with HAs were categorized into three groups (mild-moderate-severe hearing loss). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on the FAPCI scores, with study group, hearing age (i.e., device experience), and age at hearing intervention as sources of variation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ANOVA showed that hearing age and study group significantly contribute to the FAPCI outcome. In all study groups except the children with mild hearing loss, FAPCI scores increased alongside growing experience with the devices. Children with mild hearing loss using HAs showed higher scores than those with severe hearing loss or implanted children. There were no significant differences between the children with CIs and the children with moderate or severe hearing loss using HAs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Real-world verbal communication abilities of children with CIs are similar to those of children with moderate-to-severe hearing loss using amplification. Because hearing age significantly influences performance, children with moderate-to-severe hearing loss using HAs and implanted children catch up with children with mild hearing loss at a hearing age of approximately 3 years.
authors: *Jean Uhrmacher Institute for Clinical ENT-Research, University of Cologne, Cologne; †Department for Communication Disorders, University Medical Centre, University of Mainz, Mainz; ‡Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne; and §Department of Audiology and Phoniatrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors: Hartmut
authors: H
authors: Meister
authors: Annerose
authors: A
authors: Keilmann
authors: Katharina
authors: K
authors: Leonhard
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Streicher
authors: Linda
authors: L
authors: Müller
authors: Ruth
authors: R
authors: Lang-Roth
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D003142:Communication; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006310:Hearing Aids; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome