title: Ice hockey summit II: zero tolerance for head hits and fighting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present currently known basic science and on-ice influences of sport related concussion (SRC) in hockey, building upon the Ice Hockey Summit I action plan (2011) to reduce SRC.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prior summit proceedings included an action plan intended to reduce SRC. As such, the proceedings from Summit I served as a point of departure, for the science and discussion held during Summit II (Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, October, 2013). Summit II focused on Basic Science of Concussions in Ice Hockey: Taking Science Forward; (2) Acute and Chronic Concussion Care: Making a Difference; (3) Preventing Concussions via Behavior, Rules, Education and Measuring Effectiveness; (4) Updates in Equipment: their Relationship to Industry Standards and (5) Policies and Plans at State, National and Federal Levels to reduce SRC. Action strategies derived from the presentations and discussion described in these sectors were subsequently voted on for purposes of prioritization. The following proceedings include the knowledge and research shared by invited faculty, many of whom are health care providers and clinical investigators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Summit II evidence based action plan emphasizes the rapidly evolving scientific content of hockey SRC. It includes the most highly prioritized strategies voted on for implementation to decrease concussion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The highest priority action items identified from the Summit include: 1) eliminate head hits from all levels of ice hockey, 2) change body checking policies, and 3) eliminate fighting in all amateur and professional hockey.
authors: Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sports Medicine Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN(∗).
authors: Aynsley M
authors: AM
authors: Smith
authors: Department of Orthopedics, Sports Medicine Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; USA Hockey(†). Electronic address: stuart.michael@mayo.edu.
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Stuart
authors: Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ‡
authors: David W
authors: DW
authors: Dodick
authors: Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN(∗).
authors: William O
authors: WO
authors: Roberts
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN(∗).
authors: Patrick W
authors: PW
authors: Alford
authors: Department of Radiologym St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, MA(∗).
authors: Alan B
authors: AB
authors: Ashare
authors: International Ice Hockey Federation; Hockey Canada; and Ottawa Sport Medicine Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada(∗).
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Aubrey
authors: Sport Medicine Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada(∗).
authors: Brian W
authors: BW
authors: Benson
authors: Department of Orthopedics, University of Pittsburg Medical Center-St. Margaret, Pittsburg, PA(∗).
authors: Chip J
authors: CJ
authors: Burke
authors: National Collegiate Athletic Association, Indianapolis, IN(‖).
authors: Randall
authors: R
authors: Dick
authors: Sports Medicine Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN(∗).
authors: Chad
authors: C
authors: Eickhoff
authors: Sport Medicine Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada(∗).
authors: Carolyn A
authors: CA
authors: Emery
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH(§).
authors: Laura A
authors: LA
authors: Flashman
authors: Sports Medicine Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN(£).
authors: Daniel V
authors: DV
authors: Gaz
authors: Division of Pediatric Neurology, Mattel Children's Hospital and David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA(∗).
authors: Chris C
authors: CC
authors: Giza
authors: Simbex, LLC, Lebanon, NH(∗).
authors: Richard M
authors: RM
authors: Greenwald
authors: Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA(¤).
authors: Stanley A
authors: SA
authors: Herring
authors: School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada(∗).
authors: T Blaine
authors: TB
authors: Hoshizaki
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT(∗).
authors: James J
authors: JJ
authors: Hudziak
authors: Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN(∗).
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Huston
authors: Sports Medicine Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN(∗).
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Krause
authors: School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN(∗).
authors: Nicole
authors: N
authors: LaVoi
authors: USA Hockey, Colorado Springs, CO(∗).
authors: Matt
authors: M
authors: Leaf
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY(∗).
authors: John J
authors: JJ
authors: Leddy
authors: School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada(∗).
authors: Allison
authors: A
authors: MacPherson
authors: Center for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA(∗).
authors: Ann C
authors: AC
authors: McKee
authors: Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC(∗).
authors: Jason P
authors: JP
authors: Mihalik
authors: Department of Nursing, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN(∗).
authors: Anne M
authors: AM
authors: Moessner
authors: Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada(¶).
authors: William J
authors: WJ
authors: Montelpare
authors: Department of Athletic Medicine, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ(∗).
authors: Margot
authors: M
authors: Putukian
authors: Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada(∗).
authors: Kathryn J
authors: KJ
authors: Schneider
authors: Team Wendy, Cleveland, OH(∗∗).
authors: Ron
authors: R
authors: Szalkowski
authors: USA Hockey, Colorado Springs, CO(∗).
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Tabrum
authors: American College of Sports Medicine, Indianapolis, IN(∗).
authors: James R
authors: JR
authors: Whitehead
authors: Department of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN(††).
authors: Diane M
authors: DM
authors: Wiese-Bjornstal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000374:Aggression; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006260:Head Protective Devices; D006292:Health Priorities; D006688:Hockey / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011050:Policy Making; D000068958:Return to Sport; D012449:Safety; D012737:Sex Factors