title: In vitro study of biological activities of anthocyanin-rich berry extracts on porcine intestinal epithelial cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anthocyanins, compounds that represent the major group of flavonoids in berries, are one of the most powerful natural antioxidants. The aim of this study was to evaluate biological activities and comparison of anthocyanin-rich extracts prepared from chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa), elderberry (Sambucus nigra), bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) and blueberry (V. corymbosum) on the porcine intestinal epithelial IPEC-1 cell line.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The IC50 values calculated in the antioxidant cell-based dichlorofluorescein assay (DCF assay) were 1.129 mg L(-1) for chokeberry, 1.081 mg L(-1) for elderberry, 2.561 mg L(-1) for bilberry and 2.965 mg L(-1) for blueberry, respectively. We found a significant negative correlation (P < 0.001) between cyanidin glycosides content and IC50 values. Moreover, extracts rich in cyanidin glycosides stimulated proliferation of IPEC-1 cells and did not have cytotoxic effect on cells at an equivalent in vivo concentration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that the chokeberry and elderberry extracts rich in cyanidin glycosides possess better antioxidant and anticytotoxic activities in comparison to blueberry or bilberry extracts with complex anthocyanin profiles.
authors: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia.
authors: Petra
authors: P
authors: Kšonžeková
authors: Department of Ecology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Prešov, Prešov, Slovakia.
authors: Ruslan
authors: R
authors: Mariychuk
authors: Department of Ecology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Prešov, Prešov, Slovakia.
authors: Adriana
authors: A
authors: Eliašová
authors: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia.
authors: Dagmar
authors: D
authors: Mudroňová
authors: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia.
authors: Tomáš
authors: T
authors: Csank
authors: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia.
authors: Ján
authors: J
authors: Király
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia.
authors: Dana
authors: D
authors: Marcinčáková
authors: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia.
authors: Juraj
authors: J
authors: Pistl
authors: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia.
authors: L'udmila
authors: L
authors: Tkáčiková
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D029798:Blueberry Plants; D002460:Cell Line / Q000187:drug effects; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D005638:Fruit; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D046936:Photinia; D008517:Phytotherapy; D027923:Sambucus; D013552:Swine; D029796:Vaccinium
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins
keywords: anthocyanins; berries; natural antioxidants; porcine intestinal epithelial cells