title: Pituitary tumor apoplexy.
abstract: We review the etiology, investigations, management and outcomes of pituitary tumor apoplexy. Pituitary tumor apoplexy is a clinical syndrome which typically includes the acute onset of headache and/or visual disturbance, cranial nerve palsy and partial or complete endocrine dysfunction. It is associated with either infarction or hemorrhage of a pre-existing pituitary adenoma and is associated with significant morbidity and potential fatality. Not all patients will present with classic signs and symptoms, therefore it is pertinent to appreciate the clinical spectrum in which this condition can present.
authors: Regional Center for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT12 6BA, UK; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA. Electronic address: pcjohnston@doctors.org.uk.
authors: Philip C
authors: PC
authors: Johnston
authors: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors: Amir H
authors: AH
authors: Hamrahian
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA.
authors: Robert J
authors: RJ
authors: Weil
authors: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors: Laurence
authors: L
authors: Kennedy
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D000818:Animals; D003389:Cranial Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D006261:Headache / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D010899:Pituitary Apoplexy / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery
keywords: Apoplexy; Cranial nerve palsy; Hypopituitarism; Pituitary adenoma; Visual fields