title: Association between urine fluoride and dental fluorosis as a toxicity factor in a rural community in the state of San Luis Potosi.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to investigate urine fluoride concentration as a toxicity factor in a rural community in the state of San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 111 children exposed to high concentrations of fluoride in drinking water (4.13 mg/L) was evaluated. Fluoride exposure was determined by measuring urine fluoride concentration using the potentiometric method with an ion selective electrode. The diagnosis of dental fluorosis was performed by clinical examination, and the severity of damage was determined using Dean's index and the Thylstrup-Fejerskov (TF) index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The range of exposure in the study population, evaluated through the fluoride content in urine, was 1.1 to 5.9 mg/L, with a mean of 3.14±1.09 mg/L. Dental fluorosis was present in all subjects, of which 95% had severe cases. Higher urine fluoride levels and greater degrees of severity occurred in older children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results show that dental fluorosis was determined by the presence of fluoride exposure finding a high positive correlation between the severity of fluorosis and urine fluoride concentration and the years of exposure suggested a cumulative effect.
authors: Center of Applied Research in Environment and Health, CIACYT, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, 78100 San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico.
authors: Lizet
authors: L
authors: Jarquín-Yañez
authors: Center of Applied Research in Environment and Health, CIACYT, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, 78100 San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico.
authors: José
authors: J
authors: de Jesús Mejía-Saavedra
authors: Division of Biological and Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University, 04960 Mexico City, MEX, Mexico.
authors: Nelly
authors: N
authors: Molina-Frechero
authors: Division of Biological and Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University, 04960 Mexico City, MEX, Mexico.
authors: Enrique
authors: E
authors: Gaona
authors: Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, 36050 Guanajuato, GTO, Mexico.
authors: Diana Olivia
authors: DO
authors: Rocha-Amador
authors: School of Chemical Sciences, Durango Unit, Juarez University of the State of Durango, 3400 Durango, DGO, Mexico.
authors: Olga Dania
authors: OD
authors: López-Guzmán
authors: Department of Research, School of Dentistry, Juarez University of the State of Durango, 34000 Durango, DGO, Mexico.
authors: Ronell
authors: R
authors: Bologna-Molina
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005459:Fluorides / Q000652:urine*; D009050:Fluorosis, Dental / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D012424:Rural Population
chemical_list: D005459:Fluorides