title: Dietary linoleic acid requirements in the presence of α-linolenic acid are lower than the historical 2 % of energy intake value, study in rats.
abstract: Previous studies on rats and human subjects have established that the linoleic acid (LA) requirement is 2 % of the total energy intake (en%), but is obtained in the absence of α-linolenic acid (ALA) and consequently appear to be overestimated. This raises questions since a recent study including ALA has suggested to divide the historical value by four. However, this recent study has remained inconclusive because the animals used were not totally LA-deficient animals. For the first time, the present study was especially designed using physiological and biochemical markers and performed in two steps: (1) to achieve a specific n-6 fatty acid deficiency model using growing male rats fed either a 0 en% from LA/0 en% from ALA (0LA/0ALA), 0LA/0·5ALA or 2LA/0·5ALA diet, born from female rats fed a 0LA/0·5ALA diet; and (2) to refine the required level of LA in the presence of ALA using rats fed either a 0LA/0ALA, 0·5LA/0·5ALA, 1LA/0·5ALA, 1·5LA/0·5ALA diet, born from female rats fed a 0LA/0·5ALA diet. The first step shows that the best LA deficiency model was obtained using rats fed the 0LA/0ALA diet, born from female rats fed the 0LA/0·5ALA diet. The second step demonstrates that in growing rats, LA deficiency was corrected with an intake of 1-1·5 en% from LA and 0·5 en% from ALA. These data suggest that the requirements in humans should be revisited, considering the presence of ALA to set up the recommendation for LA.
authors: Laboratoire de Biochimie et Nutrition Humaine,INRA USC 2012, Agrocampus Ouest, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc,35042Rennes Cedex,France.
authors: Benjamin
authors: B
authors: Choque
authors: Laboratoire de Biochimie et Nutrition Humaine,INRA USC 2012, Agrocampus Ouest, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc,35042Rennes Cedex,France.
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Catheline
authors: UMR 8195 CNPS - Centre de Neurosciences Paris-Sud, NMPA - Neuroendocrinologie Moléculaire de la Prise Alimentaire, Université Paris-Sud XI,Orsay,France.
authors: Bernadette
authors: B
authors: Delplanque
authors: PG Consulting,13 Villa Bellevue,Bures sur Yvette,France.
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Guesnet
authors: Laboratoire de Biochimie et Nutrition Humaine,INRA USC 2012, Agrocampus Ouest, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc,35042Rennes Cedex,France.
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Legrand
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D003677:Deficiency Diseases / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development; D007774:Lactation; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D011247:Pregnancy; D011897:Random Allocation; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012875:Skin Diseases, Metabolic / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013623:Tail; D014886:Weaning; D015430:Weight Gain; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; D019787:Linoleic Acid
keywords: Deficiency