title: Cooking with soyabean oil increases whole-blood α-linolenic acid in school-aged children: results from a randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Supply of essential n-3 PUFA is limited worldwide. While fish-oil supplementation effectively improves n-3 PUFA status, it may not be a sustainable intervention. The use of α-linolenic acid (ALA)-rich cooking oils in the household may be a suitable alternative but its effect on PUFA status is unclear. We aimed to compare the effect of providing families with soyabean oil, an ALA-rich cooking oil, v. sunflower oil on whole-blood PUFA levels of children aged 11-18 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized, masked, parallel trial, we assigned families to receive a one-month supply of either soyabean or sunflower oil. Fatty acid concentrations were quantified in whole-blood samples obtained from the children before and at the end of the intervention. Changes in fatty acids were compared between treatment arms with use of linear regression for repeated measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty low- and middle-income families.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bogotá, Colombia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Soyabean oil significantly increased ALA concentrations by 0.05 percentage points of total serum fatty acids whereas sunflower oil decreased them by 0.12 percentage points (soyabean v. sunflower oil effect=0.17; 95% CI 0.11, 0.24). Concentrations of both n-3 and n-6 very-long-chain PUFA, including docosapentaenoic acid, DHA, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid, increased significantly in both intervention arms. Levels of oleic acid and palmitic acid decreased, irrespective of oil assignment. Total energy or energy intake from saturated fat did not change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Replacing cooking oils at the household level is an effective intervention to improve essential PUFA status of children.
authors: 1Department of Epidemiology,University of Michigan School of Public Health,1420 Washington Heights,SPH II,Room M5055,Ann Arbor,MI 48109,USA.
authors: Eduardo
authors: E
authors: Villamor
authors: 2Foundation for Research in Nutrition and Health,FINUSAD,Bogotá,Colombia.
authors: Constanza
authors: C
authors: Marín
authors: 2Foundation for Research in Nutrition and Health,FINUSAD,Bogotá,Colombia.
authors: Mercedes
authors: M
authors: Mora-Plazas
authors: 3Division of General Pediatrics,University of Michigan,Ann Arbor,MI,USA.
authors: Mia
authors: M
authors: Casale
authors: 4Faculty of Sciences,Javeriana University,Bogotá,Colombia.
authors: Luz N
authors: LN
authors: Vargas
authors: 1Department of Epidemiology,University of Michigan School of Public Health,1420 Washington Heights,SPH II,Room M5055,Ann Arbor,MI 48109,USA.
authors: Ana
authors: A
authors: Baylin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017195:Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D002648:Child; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D003296:Cooking; D003677:Deficiency Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005228:Fatty Acids, Essential / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000074242:Sunflower Oil; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005228:Fatty Acids, Essential; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D010938:Plant Oils; D000074242:Sunflower Oil; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; D013024:Soybean Oil
keywords: Children; Linoleic acid; Soyabean oil; Sunflower oil; α-Linolenic acid