title: Macroscopic-imaging technique for subsurface quantification of near-infrared markers during surgery.
abstract: Obtaining accurate quantitative information on the concentration and distribution of fluorescent markers lying at a depth below the surface of optically turbid media, such as tissue, is a significant challenge. Here, we introduce a fluorescence reconstruction technique based on a diffusion light transport model that can be used during surgery, including guiding resection of brain tumors, for depth-resolved quantitative imaging of near-infrared fluorescent markers. Hyperspectral fluorescence images are used to compute a topographic map of the fluorophore distribution, which yields structural and optical constraints for a three-dimensional subsequent hyperspectral diffuse fluorescence reconstruction algorithm. Using the model fluorophore Alexa Fluor 647 and brain-like tissue phantoms, the technique yielded estimates of fluorophore concentration within ±25% of the true value to depths of 5 to 9 mm, depending on the concentration. The approach is practical for integration into a neurosurgical fluorescence microscope and has potential to further extend fluorescence-guided resection using objective and quantified metrics of the presence of residual tumor tissue.
authors: McGill University, Brain Tumour Research Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, CanadabPolytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, CP.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Jermyn
authors: Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States.
authors: Kolbein
authors: K
authors: Kolste
authors: Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, CP 6079, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada.
authors: Julien
authors: J
authors: Pichette
authors: Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, CP 6079, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada.
authors: Guillaume
authors: G
authors: Sheehy
authors: Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, CP 6079, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada.
authors: Leticia
authors: L
authors: Angulo-Rodríguez
authors: Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States.
authors: Keith D
authors: KD
authors: Paulsen
authors: Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Section of Neurosurgery, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, United States.
authors: David W
authors: DW
authors: Roberts
authors: University of Toronto/University Health Network, Department of Medical Biophysics, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.
authors: Brian C
authors: BC
authors: Wilson
authors: McGill University, Brain Tumour Research Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada.
authors: Kevin
authors: K
authors: Petrecca
authors: Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, CP 6079, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada.
authors: Frederic
authors: F
authors: Leblond
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes