title: Women who take n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplements during pregnancy and lactation meet the recommended intake.
abstract: The aim of the current study was to estimate total intake and dietary sources of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentanoic (DPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and compare DHA intakes with the recommended intakes in a cohort of pregnant and lactating women. Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls and supplement intake questionnaires were collected from 600 women in the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) cohort at each trimester of pregnancy and 3 months postpartum. Dietary intake was estimated in 2 ways: by using a commercial software program and by using a database created for APrON. Only 27% of women during pregnancy and 25% at 3 months postpartum met the current European Union (EU) consensus recommendation for DHA. Seafood, fish, and seaweed products contributed to 79% of overall n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids intake from foods, with the majority from salmon. The estimated intake of DHA and EPA was similar between databases, but the estimated DPA intake was 20%-30% higher using the comprehensive database built for this study. Women who took a supplement containing DHA were 10.6 and 11.1 times more likely to meet the current EU consensus recommendation for pregnancy (95% confidence interval (CI): 6.952-16.07; P<0.001) and postpartum (95% CI: 6.803-18.14; P<0.001), respectively. Our results suggest that the majority of women in the cohort were not meeting the EU recommendation for DHA during pregnancy and lactation, but taking a supplement significantly improved the likelihood that they would meet recommendations.
authors: Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
authors: Xiaoming
authors: X
authors: Jia
authors: Mohammadreza
authors: M
authors: Pakseresht
authors: Nour
authors: N
authors: Wattar
authors: Jamie
authors: J
authors: Wildgrube
authors: Stephanie
authors: S
authors: Sontag
authors: Murphy
authors: M
authors: Andrews
authors: Fatheema Begum
authors: FB
authors: Subhan
authors: Linda
authors: L
authors: McCargar
authors: Catherine J
authors: CJ
authors: Field
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000416:Alberta; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007774:Lactation; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D064167:Recommended Dietary Allowances
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3
keywords: Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON); Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (« APrON »); acide docosahexaénoïque (« DHA »); acide docosapentaénoïque (« DPA »); acide eicosapentaénoïque (« EPA »); acides gras polyinsaturés à longue chaîne (AGPLC) de type n-3; docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); docosapentaenoic acid (DPA); eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA); n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA)