title: Selective non-operative management of stab wounds to the posterior abdomen is safe: the Pietermaritzburg experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The selective non-operative management (SNOM) of stab injuries of the anterior abdomen is well established, but its application to the posterior abdomen remains controversial.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of 1013 patients was undertaken at a major trauma service in South Africa over a five-year period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety per cent of patients were males, and the mean age was 25 years. The mean time from injury to presentation was 4h and 73% of all injuries were inflicted by knives. A total of 9% (93) of patients required a laparotomy [Group A] and 82% (833) were successfully observed without the need for operative intervention [Group B]. CT imaging was performed on 52 patients (5%) who had haematuria [Group C], 25 (3%) who had neurological deficits [Group D], and 10 (1%) with retained weapon injuries [Group E]. The accuracy of physical examination for identifying the presence of organ injury was 88%. All observed patients who required laparotomy declared themselves within 24h. There were no mortalities as direct result of our current management protocol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Selective management based on active clinical observation and serial physical examination is safe, and when coupled with the judicious use of advanced imaging, is a prudent and reliable approach in a resource constrained environment.
authors: Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Trauma Service, Department of Surgery, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. Electronic address: victorywkong@yahoo.com.
authors: Victor
authors: V
authors: Kong
authors: Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Trauma Service, Department of Surgery, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. Electronic address: george.oost@gmail.com.
authors: George
authors: G
authors: Oosthuizen
authors: Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. Electronic address: sartorius@ukzn.ac.za.
authors: Benn
authors: B
authors: Sartorius
authors: Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Trauma Service, Department of Surgery, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. Electronic address: damianclar@gmail.com.
authors: Damian
authors: D
authors: Clarke
mesh_terms: D000007:Abdominal Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D000328:Adult; D019468:Disease Management; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006417:Hematuria / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007813:Laparotomy; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D010808:Physical Examination; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D014193:Trauma Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D057832:Watchful Waiting; D014951:Wounds, Stab / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: Posterior abdomen; Selective management; Stab wound