title: Functional characterization of individual- and mixed-Burgundian Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates for fermentation of Pinot noir.
abstract: Pinot noir has traditionally been fermented by native flora of multiple yeasts producing a complex combination of aromas and flavors. With the use of industrial dry yeasts, winemakers gained enological reliability and consistency in their wines, but lost diversity and complexity. This research evaluated the use of co-culturing yeasts to fulfill this dual role. Fermentations of Burgundian Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates and their mixtures were evaluated for their enological characteristics and production of volatile compounds, at 22 °C and 27 °C. The novel isolates were genetically unique and enologically equivalent to the industrial strains. Analysis of variance and principal component analysis of 25 headspace volatiles revealed differences among the yeasts and between the fermentation temperatures. Wines from the mixed-Burgundian isolates were most similar to one another and could be differentiated from the industrial strains at both 22 °C and 27 °C. Mixed-Burgundian wines at both temperatures had higher concentrations of ethyl esters and acetate esters, compared to the industrial strains which had higher concentrations of higher alcohols at 27 °C and higher concentration of other ethyl esters at 22 °C. Given the unique profiles of the co-cultured wines, this research offers winemakers a strategy for producing wines with unique and more complex characters without the risk of spontaneous fermentations.
authors: Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. eterrell3@gmail.com.
authors: Emily
authors: E
authors: Terrell
authors: Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, BC V0H 1Z0, Canada. Margaret.Cliff@agr.gc.ca.
authors: Margaret A
authors: MA
authors: Cliff
authors: Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. hjjvv@mail.ubc.ca.
authors: Hennie J J
authors: HJ
authors: Van Vuuren
mesh_terms: D018920:Coculture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D005285:Fermentation; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D014644:Genetic Variation; D058889:Molecular Typing / Q000379:methods; D016533:Mycological Typing Techniques / Q000379:methods; D010641:Phenotype; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D013696:Temperature; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology*