title: Determining major genotypes of hepatitis C virus among transplant recipients by real-time polymerase chain reaction assay.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection still exists as a health concern among the transplant patients. Because of the severity of the disease, different responses to treatment, and side effects resulting from long therapeutic period, determination of genotypes and viral loads can help choose the best treatment protocols.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to determine the HCV genotypes and its distribution patterns among liver, kidney, and bone marrow recipient candidates across Iran, referred to Namazi Hospital, southern Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 101 individuals, including 44 (43.6%) liver, 55 (54.5%) kidney, and 2 (2%) bone marrow recipient candidates, with ages ranging between 5 and 74 years (Mean ±SD: 46.53 ± 13.73 y) participated in this study. From those, whole blood sample were collected and anti-HCV antibodies, RNA detection, and genotyping were performed on plasma using commercial chromatographic immunoassay, TaqMan one-step real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and genotyping RT-PCR kits, respectively. The frequencies of anti-HCV antibodies, RNA, various genotypes, and the viral load were compared with respect to gender, age, and transplant recipient groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 101 individuals, 47 (46.5%) were positive for anti-HCV antibodies and 34 (33.7%) for RNA with a significant difference (P < 0.05). RNA copy number ranged from 4.6 × 103 to 3.11 × 107 copies/mL, median: 2.92 × 106 copies/mL, with no statistical differences in all groups. Analyses revealed no significant differences between the frequencies of anti-HCV antibodies or RNA in different groups. The frequencies of the genotypes 1 (50%) and 3 (35.3%) were higher than those of the genotypes 2 (2.9%), 4 (2.9%), and undetermined one (8.8%). Genotype 1 was significantly more prevalent in liver transplant recipients, those older than 40 years, and male cases (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering the high frequency of genotypes 1 and 3 among the studied groups, it is suggested that before and after transplantation programs be improved to manage and treat the disease efficiently, based on the standard protocols for such genotypes in the region. Accordingly, the occurrence of post-transplant complications due to immunosuppression among all the recipients as well as reinfection in HCV infected liver transplant patients can be diminished.
authors: Department of Microbiology, Sciences and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, IR Iran.
authors: Roya
authors: R
authors: Feyznezhad
authors: Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran ; Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran.
authors: Mohammad Amin
authors: MA
authors: Behzadi
authors: Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran.
authors: Ramin
authors: R
authors: Yaghobi
authors: Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran.
authors: Mazyar
authors: M
authors: Ziyaeyan
keywords: Hepatitis C Virus; Transplant Recipient, Iran