title: Cognitive control and schizophrenia: The greatest reliability of the Stroop task.
abstract: Three components of cognitive inhibition were compared in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Nineteen patients with schizophrenia were compared to 30 healthy controls, matched for age, sex, and educational level. Cognitive inhibition was examined by (i) access to relevant information (Reading with distraction task), (ii) suppression of no longer relevant information (Trail Making Test B), and (iii) restraint of cognitive resources to relevant information (Stroop Test, Hayling Sentence Completion Test, Go/No-Go Test). Beck Depression Inventory, and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale were also used. Compared to healthy controls, patients with schizophrenia and stabilized for at least 6 months were slower in the inhibition condition at the Stroop task, read more distractors at the RWD, and made more perseverative errors at the TMT, even after controlling for age, Mini-Mental State Examination score, information speed processing, and accuracy. This difference remained significant after taking into account the level of depressive symptoms and the severity of psychotic symptoms. In multivariate analyses, only the Stroop interference index explained cognitive inhibition deficit in patients with schizophrenia. The abnormal cognitive inhibition process observed in patients with schizophrenia could therefore concerns the ability to restraint, rather than the access or the suppression processes.
authors: Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, UPRES EA 4638, Université d׳Angers, Angers, France.
authors: Charlotte
authors: C
authors: Laurenson
authors: CMME (Groupe Hospitalier Sainte-Anne), Université Paris Descartes, et INSERM U894, Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris 75014, France.
authors: Philip
authors: P
authors: Gorwood
authors: Pôle 1-6, Center Hospitalier Spécialisé de la Sarthe, 20 avenue du 19 mars 1962, 72703 Allonnes Cédex, France.
authors: Manuel
authors: M
authors: Orsat
authors: Secteur 7, CESAME, CHS, Ste Gemmes sur Loire, 27 route de Bouchemaine, 49050 Les Ponts-de-cé, France.
authors: Jean-Paul
authors: JP
authors: Lhuillier
authors: Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, UPRES EA 4638, Université d׳Angers, Angers, France.
authors: Didier
authors: D
authors: Le Gall
authors: Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, UPRES EA 4638, Université d׳Angers, Angers, France; McGill University, Department of Psychiatry & Douglas Mental Health University Institute McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Montréal (Québec), Canada. Electronic address: richarddevantoy@orange.fr.
authors: Stéphane
authors: S
authors: Richard-Devantoy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D057190:Stroop Test; D014145:Trail Making Test; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cognition; Cognitive inhibition; Schizophrenia; Stroop