title: Improved fat graft survival by different volume fractions of platelet-rich plasma and adipose-derived stem cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The success of soft-tissue augmentation is offset by the low survival rates of grafted fat tissue. Research shows that adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are beneficial to tissue healing.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the long-term effects of different volume fractions of PRP combined with ASCs on fat graft.
  
  
  METHODS
  ASCs were isolated from human fat tissue, and PRP was obtained from human blood. Cell count kit-8 and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to evaluate the influence of PRP (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%; volume/volume [v/v]) in medium on ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation, respectively. A novel lipoinjection consisting of granular fat, PRP, and ASCs was subcutaneously transplanted into nude mice. The grafts were volumetrically and histologically evaluated 10, 30, 60, and 90 days after transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The addition of PRP improved ASC proliferation. Expression of adipogenic-related genes, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, lipoprotein lipase, and adipophilin were up-regulated in PRP-induced ASCs. Compared with other groups, granular fat grafts formed with 20% (v/v) and 30% (v/v) PRP significantly improved residual volumes. More intact adipocytes and capillary formation, but less vacuolization, were observed in the 20% (v/v) and 30% (v/v) PRP groups at 30, 60, and 90 days. However, no significant difference was observed between the 20% (v/v) and 30% (v/v) PRP groups in retaining fat grafts and improving histology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fat grafting with 20% (v/v) PRP and ASCs constitutes an appropriate transplantation strategy for improving graft survival and provides a potential approach for soft-tissue restoration in plastic and reconstructive surgery.
authors: Dr F. Li is a Researcher at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Surgeon in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China. Dr Guo is Associate Director at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National EngineeringLaboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Associate Professor in the Department of Pedodontics,West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Dr K. Li is a Researcher at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Surgeon in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Central Sounth University, Changsha, P.R. China. Dr Yu is an Assistant Professor at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Drs Tang and Wang are Clinical Professors in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Dr Tian is Director at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Clinical Professor in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.
authors: Feng
authors: F
authors: Li
authors: Dr F. Li is a Researcher at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Surgeon in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China. Dr Guo is Associate Director at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National EngineeringLaboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Associate Professor in the Department of Pedodontics,West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Dr K. Li is a Researcher at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Surgeon in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Central Sounth University, Changsha, P.R. China. Dr Yu is an Assistant Professor at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Drs Tang and Wang are Clinical Professors in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Dr Tian is Director at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Clinical Professor in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.
authors: Weihua
authors: W
authors: Guo
authors: Dr F. Li is a Researcher at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Surgeon in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China. Dr Guo is Associate Director at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National EngineeringLaboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Associate Professor in the Department of Pedodontics,West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Dr K. Li is a Researcher at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Surgeon in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Central Sounth University, Changsha, P.R. China. Dr Yu is an Assistant Professor at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Drs Tang and Wang are Clinical Professors in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Dr Tian is Director at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Clinical Professor in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.
authors: Kun
authors: K
authors: Li
authors: Dr F. Li is a Researcher at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Surgeon in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China. Dr Guo is Associate Director at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National EngineeringLaboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Associate Professor in the Department of Pedodontics,West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Dr K. Li is a Researcher at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Surgeon in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Central Sounth University, Changsha, P.R. China. Dr Yu is an Assistant Professor at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Drs Tang and Wang are Clinical Professors in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Dr Tian is Director at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Clinical Professor in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.
authors: Mei
authors: M
authors: Yu
authors: Dr F. Li is a Researcher at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Surgeon in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China. Dr Guo is Associate Director at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National EngineeringLaboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Associate Professor in the Department of Pedodontics,West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Dr K. Li is a Researcher at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Surgeon in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Central Sounth University, Changsha, P.R. China. Dr Yu is an Assistant Professor at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Drs Tang and Wang are Clinical Professors in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Dr Tian is Director at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Clinical Professor in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Tang
authors: Dr F. Li is a Researcher at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Surgeon in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China. Dr Guo is Associate Director at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National EngineeringLaboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Associate Professor in the Department of Pedodontics,West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Dr K. Li is a Researcher at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Surgeon in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Central Sounth University, Changsha, P.R. China. Dr Yu is an Assistant Professor at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Drs Tang and Wang are Clinical Professors in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Dr Tian is Director at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Clinical Professor in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.
authors: Hang
authors: H
authors: Wang
authors: Dr F. Li is a Researcher at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Surgeon in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China. Dr Guo is Associate Director at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National EngineeringLaboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Associate Professor in the Department of Pedodontics,West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Dr K. Li is a Researcher at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Surgeon in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Central Sounth University, Changsha, P.R. China. Dr Yu is an Assistant Professor at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Drs Tang and Wang are Clinical Professors in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China. Dr Tian is Director at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and the National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; and is a Clinical Professor in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.
authors: Weidong
authors: W
authors: Tian
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000637:transplantation*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology / Q000637:transplantation*; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D053657:Platelet-Rich Plasma; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D013997:Time Factors