title: Pathogenicity and pathogenesis of a United States porcine deltacoronavirus cell culture isolate in 5-day-old neonatal piglets.
abstract: Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) was first identified in Hong Kong in 2009-2010 and reported in United States swine for the first time in February 2014. However, diagnostic tools other than polymerase chain reaction for PDCoV detection were lacking and Koch's postulates had not been fulfilled to confirm the pathogenic potential of PDCoV. In the present study, PDCoV peptide-specific rabbit antisera were developed and used in immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry assays to assist PDCoV diagnostics. The pathogenicity and pathogenesis of PDCoV was investigated following orogastric inoculation of 5-day-old piglets with a plaque-purified PDCoV cell culture isolate (3 × 10(4) TCID50 per pig). The PDCoV-inoculated piglets developed mild to moderate diarrhea, shed increasing amount of virus in rectal swabs from 2 to 7 days post inoculation, and developed macroscopic and microscopic lesions in small intestines with viral antigen confirmed by immunohistochemistry staining. This study experimentally confirmed PDCoV pathogenicity and characterized PDCoV pathogenesis in neonatal piglets.
authors: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors: Qi
authors: Q
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors: Phillip
authors: P
authors: Gauger
authors: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors: Molly
authors: M
authors: Stafne
authors: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Thomas
authors: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors: Paulo
authors: P
authors: Arruda
authors: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Burrough
authors: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors: Darin
authors: D
authors: Madson
authors: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Brodie
authors: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors: Drew
authors: D
authors: Magstadt
authors: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors: Rachel
authors: R
authors: Derscheid
authors: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Welch
authors: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA. Electronic address: jqzhang@iastate.edu.
authors: Jianqiang
authors: J
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D003332:Coronaviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology*; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000473:pathology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology*; D014776:Virus Cultivation; D017201:Virus Shedding
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: Atrophic enteritis; Coronavirus; Immunohistochemistry; PDCoV; Peptide-specific antisera