title: Pain Relief due to Transsacrococcygeal Ganglion Impar Block in Chronic Coccygodynia: A Pilot Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Coccygodynia is a distressing condition that presents with pain around the coccyx. Impar (Walther) ganglion is a sympathetic ganglion located at the end of lumbosacral sympathetic chain. The objective of this study is to share our results and follow up of 34 ganglion impar blocks in 22 patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective pilot study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interventional Pain Clinic in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients with coccygodynia who did not respond to conservative treatment and then presented to interventional pain clinic of a PM&R department in a university hospital
  
  
  METHODS
  Pain was evaluated via 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS). VAS values were obtained before, 1 hour and 3 weeks after injection and during this study was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For achieving at least 50% relief of pain, the success rate of a first injection was 82%, but accounted for three technical failures. In patients with a successful outcome, relief lasted for a median duration of 6 months. Relief was reinstated for a median period of 17 months by a second injection in nine patients who presented for repeat treatment. No relief was achieved in two of these patients when they presented for a third treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ganglion impar block appears to be effective in patients who have coccygodynia resistant to conservative therapy, with high success rates and prolonged duration of effect. Controlled studies are required to reveal the mechanism of this effect.
authors: Marmara University School of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Section of Pain Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Osman Hakan
authors: OH
authors: Gunduz
authors: Pain Medicine Fellow, Marmara University School of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Section of Pain Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Savas
authors: S
authors: Sencan
authors: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Resident, Marmara University School of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Ozge
authors: O
authors: Kenis-Coskun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001340:Autonomic Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005728:Ganglia, Sympathetic / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018710:Pain Clinics; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012445:Sacrococcygeal Region / Q000294:innervation*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Coccygodynia; Ganglion Impar; Ganglion Impar Block; Ganglion Walther