title: Toxic effects of ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide on the antioxidant defense system of freshwater planarian, Dugesia japonica.
abstract: The activities of antioxidant enzymes and the levels of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined when freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica was exposed to different concentrations of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C8mim]Br) for one, three, and five days. The results showed that superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity began to increase in all treated groups after three days of exposure, while catalase (CAT) activity was inhibited after the first day, but increased notably on the fifth day except for the lowest concentration group. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) was induced from the first day of exposure and increased significantly after five days in all treated groups. During the experiment, the levels of intracellular GSH in all treated groups were higher than that of the control group. Changes in MDA suggest that [C8mim]Br is toxic to D japonica and may result in lipid peroxidation in planarian. Our results also indicate that GPX as well as GSH seem to be more sensitive biomarkers of oxidative stress compared with SOD and CAT.
authors: College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.
authors: He-Cai
authors: HC
authors: Zhang
authors: College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.
authors: Chang-Ying
authors: CY
authors: Shi
authors: College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.
authors: Li-Qun
authors: LQ
authors: Sun
authors: College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.
authors: Fan
authors: F
authors: Wang
authors: College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China chengw0183@sina.com.
authors: Guang-Wen
authors: GW
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001965:Bromides / Q000633:toxicity*; D002374:Catalase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D002681:China; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015801:Helminth Proteins / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000633:toxicity*; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000633:toxicity*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010932:Planarians / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D045483:Rivers; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: C528768:1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium; D015415:Biomarkers; D001965:Bromides; D015801:Helminth Proteins; D007093:Imidazoles; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide; Dugesia japonica; antioxidant enzymes; ionic liquid; lipid peroxidation