title: Seroprotective antibodies to 2011 variant influenza A(H3N2v) and seasonal influenza A(H3N2) among three age groups of US Department of Defense service members.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In 2011, a new variant of influenza A(H3N2) emerged that contained a recombination of genes from swine H3N2 viruses and the matrix (M) gene of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. New combinations and variants of pre-existing influenza viruses are worrisome if there is low or nonexistent immunity in a population, which increases chances for an outbreak or pandemic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sera collected in 2011 were obtained from US Department of Defense service members in three age groups: 19-21 years, 32-33 years, and 47-48 years. Pre- and post-vaccination samples were available for the youngest age group, and postvaccination samples for the two older groups. Specimens were tested using microneutralization assays for antibody titers against H3N2v (A/Indiana/10/2011) and seasonal H3N2 virus (A/Perth/16/2009).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The youngest age group had significantly (p<0.05) higher geometric mean titers for H3N2v with 165 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 105-225) compared with the two older groups, aged 32-33 and 47-48 years, who had geometric mean titers of 68 (95% CI: 55-82) and 46 (95% CI: 24-65), respectively. Similarly, the youngest age group also had the highest geometric mean titers for seasonal H3N2. In the youngest age group, the proportion of patients who seroconverted after vaccination was 12% for H3N2v and 27% for seasonal H3N2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results were similar to previous studies that found highest seroprotection among young adults and decreasing titers among older adults. The proportion of 19- to 21-year-olds who seroconverted after seasonal vaccination was low and similar to previous findings. Improving our understanding of H3N2v immunity among different age groups in the United States can help inform vaccination plans if H3N2v becomes more transmissible in the future.
authors: Operational Infectious Diseases Department, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, United States of America.
authors: Jennifer M
authors: JM
authors: Radin
authors: Operational Infectious Diseases Department, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, United States of America.
authors: Anthony W
authors: AW
authors: Hawksworth
authors: Operational Infectious Diseases Department, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, United States of America.
authors: Ryan G
authors: RG
authors: Ortiguerra
authors: Operational Infectious Diseases Department, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, United States of America.
authors: Gary T
authors: GT
authors: Brice
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D014481:United States; D059030:United States Department of Defense; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines