title: Cyclosporine A decreases the fluconazole minimum inhibitory concentration of Candida albicans clinical isolates but not biofilm formation and cell growth.
abstract: Among the genus Candida, Candida albicans is the most abundant species in humans. One of the virulent factors of C. albicans is its ability to develop biofilm. Biofilm forming microbes are characterized by decreasing of its susceptibility to antibiotics and antifungal. The fungicidal effect of fluconazole may be enhanced by cyclosporine A in laboratory engineered C. albicans strains. The aim of this work is to analyze the synergistic effect of cyclosporine A with fluconazole in C. albicans clinical isolates and the effect of cycolsporine A alone in the biofilm formation. Six fluconazole resistant and six sensitive C. albicans clinical isolates were analyzed for its minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs), biofilm formation, and cell growths. A semi-quantitative XTT [2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5- sulfo-phenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide] reduction assay was conducted to measure the biofilm formation. Cyclosporine A has synergistic effect with fluconazole that was shown by decreasing MICs of both fluconazole resistant and sensitive C. albicans clinical isolates. However, cyclosporine A alone did not influence the biofilm formation and cell growth of both fluconazole resistant and sensitive C. albicans clinical isolates. These results indicated that cyclosporine A might be a promising candidate of adjuvant therapy for fluconazole against both fluconazole resistant and sensitive C. albicans clinical isolates.
authors: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine; Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Wibawa
authors: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine; Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
authors: Nurrokhman
authors: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine; Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Baly
authors: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine; Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
authors: P R
authors: PR
authors: Daeli
authors: Research Center for Biotechnology; Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Kartasasmita
authors: Research Center for Biotechnology; Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Wijayanti
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000382:microbiology; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D015725:Fluconazole