title: The small GTPase ROP10 of Medicago truncatula is required for both tip growth of root hairs and nod factor-induced root hair deformation.
abstract: Rhizobia preferentially enter legume root hairs via infection threads, after which root hairs undergo tip swelling, branching, and curling. However, the mechanisms underlying such root hair deformation are poorly understood. Here, we showed that a type II small GTPase, ROP10, of Medicago truncatula is localized at the plasma membrane (PM) of root hair tips to regulate root hair tip growth. Overexpression of ROP10 and a constitutively active mutant (ROP10CA) generated depolarized growth of root hairs, whereas a dominant negative mutant (ROP10DN) inhibited root hair elongation. Inoculated with Sinorhizobium meliloti, the depolarized swollen and ballooning root hairs exhibited extensive root hair deformation and aberrant infection symptoms. Upon treatment with rhizobia-secreted nodulation factors (NFs), ROP10 was transiently upregulated in root hairs, and ROP10 fused to green fluorescent protein was ectopically localized at the PM of NF-induced outgrowths and curls around rhizobia. ROP10 interacted with the kinase domain of the NF receptor NFP in a GTP-dependent manner. Moreover, NF-induced expression of the early nodulin gene ENOD11 was enhanced by the overexpression of ROP10 and ROP10CA. These data suggest that NFs spatiotemporally regulate ROP10 localization and activity at the PM of root hair tips and that interactions between ROP10 and NF receptors are required for root hair deformation and continuous curling during rhizobial infection.
authors: National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors: Ming-Juan
authors: MJ
authors: Lei
authors: National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors: Qi
authors: Q
authors: Wang
authors: National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors: Xiaolin
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors: Aimin
authors: A
authors: Chen
authors: National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Luo
authors: College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
authors: Yajun
authors: Y
authors: Xie
authors: College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
authors: Guan
authors: G
authors: Li
authors: State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors: Da
authors: D
authors: Luo
authors: Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401.
authors: Kirankumar S
authors: KS
authors: Mysore
authors: Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401.
authors: Jiangqi
authors: J
authors: Wen
authors: State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors: Zhi-Ping
authors: ZP
authors: Xie
authors: State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Staehelin
authors: National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China wangyz@sibs.ac.cn.
authors: Yan-Zhang
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5943-635X
authors: YZ
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D016764:Cell Polarity; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D046913:Medicago truncatula / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D018519:Meristem / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D019441:Plant Epidermis / Q000166:cytology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D055170:Plant Root Nodulation; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016962:Sinorhizobium meliloti / Q000502:physiology; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000378:metabolism; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000166:cytology; D014170:Transformation, Genetic; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins