title: Occurrence of lipophilic marine toxins in shellfish from Galicia (NW of Spain) and synergies among them.
abstract: Lipophilic marine toxins pose a serious threat for consumers and an enormous economic problem for shellfish producers. Synergistic interaction among toxins may play an important role in the toxicity of shellfish and consequently in human intoxications. In order to study the toxic profile of molluscs, sampled during toxic episodes occurring in different locations in Galicia in 2014, shellfish were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), the official method for the detection of lipophilic toxins. The performance of this procedure was demonstrated to be fit for purpose and was validated in house following European guidelines. The vast majority of toxins present in shellfish belonged to the okadaic acid (OA) group and some samples from a particular area contained yessotoxin (YTX). Since these toxins occur very often with other lipophilic toxins, we evaluated the potential interactions among them. A human neuroblastoma cell line was used to study the possible synergies of OA with other lipophilic toxins. Results show that combination of OA with dinophysistoxin 2 (DTX2) or YTX enhances the toxicity triggered by OA, decreasing cell viability and cell proliferation, depending on the toxin concentration and incubation time. The effects of other lipophilic toxins as 13-desmethyl Spirolide C were also evaluated in vitro.
authors: ANFACO-CECOPESCA, Carretera del Colegio Universitario 16, 36310 Vigo PO, Spain. lperez@anfaco.es.
authors: Laura P
authors: LP
authors: Rodríguez
authors: ANFACO-CECOPESCA, Carretera del Colegio Universitario 16, 36310 Vigo PO, Spain. Virginia@anfaco.es.
authors: Virginia
authors: V
authors: González
authors: ANFACO-CECOPESCA, Carretera del Colegio Universitario 16, 36310 Vigo PO, Spain. anibal@anfaco.es.
authors: Aníbal
authors: A
authors: Martínez
authors: ANFACO-CECOPESCA, Carretera del Colegio Universitario 16, 36310 Vigo PO, Spain. beapaz@anfaco.es.
authors: Beatriz
authors: B
authors: Paz
authors: ANFACO-CECOPESCA, Carretera del Colegio Universitario 16, 36310 Vigo PO, Spain. jlago@anfaco.es.
authors: Jorge
authors: J
authors: Lago
authors: ANFACO-CECOPESCA, Carretera del Colegio Universitario 16, 36310 Vigo PO, Spain. bibi@hotmail.com.
authors: Victoria
authors: V
authors: Cordeiro
authors: ANFACO-CECOPESCA, Carretera del Colegio Universitario 16, 36310 Vigo PO, Spain. lucia@anfaco.es.
authors: Lucía
authors: L
authors: Blanco
authors: ANFACO-CECOPESCA, Carretera del Colegio Universitario 16, 36310 Vigo PO, Spain. jvieites@anfaco.es.
authors: Juan Manuel
authors: JM
authors: Vieites
authors: ANFACO-CECOPESCA, Carretera del Colegio Universitario 16, 36310 Vigo PO, Spain. agcabado@anfaco.es.
authors: Ana G
authors: AG
authors: Cabado
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001267:Atlantic Ocean; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005506:Food Contamination; D005513:Food Inspection / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D057230:Limit of Detection; D015394:Molecular Structure; D008978:Mollusk Venoms / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D019319:Okadaic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D035964:Oxocins / Q000819:agonists / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D011714:Pyrans / Q000819:agonists / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D012758:Shellfish / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D013030:Spain; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D008978:Mollusk Venoms; D035964:Oxocins; D011714:Pyrans; D019319:Okadaic Acid; C066632:yessotoxin; C076221:dinophysistoxin 2