title: Association between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and chronic periodontitis among Libyans.
abstract: Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a common oral disease characterized by inflammation in the supporting tissue of the teeth 'the periodontium', periodontal attachment loss, and alveolar bone loss. The disease has a microbial etiology; however, recent findings suggest that the genetic factors, such as vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms, have also been included.
  
  
  
  Investigation of the relationship between VDR gene polymorphisms and CP among Libyans.
  
  
  
  In this study, we examined 196 unrelated Libyans between the ages of 25 and 65 years, including 99 patients and 97 controls. An oral examination based on Ramfjord Index was performed at different dental clinics in Tripoli and information were collected using a self-reported questionnaire. DNA was extracted from buccal swabs; the VDR ApaI, BsmI, and FokI polymorphisms were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction and were sequenced using Sanger Method.
  
  
  
  A significant difference in the newly detected ApaI SNP C/T rs#731236 was found (p=0.022), whereas no significant differences were found in ApaI SNP G/T rs#7975232, BsmI SNP A/G rs#1544410, and FokI SNP A/G rs#2228570 between patients and controls (p=0.939, 0.466, 0.239), respectively.
  
  
  
  VDR ApaI SNP C/T rs#731236 may be related to the risk of CP in the Libyan population.
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Genetic Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Libyan Academy, Tripoli, Libya.
authors: Mouna M
authors: MM
authors: El Jilani
authors: Department of Genetic Engineering, Biotechnology Research Center (BTRC), Twisha, Tripoli, Libya.
authors: Abdenaser A
authors: AA
authors: Mohamed
authors: Department of Genetic Engineering, Biotechnology Research Center (BTRC), Twisha, Tripoli, Libya.
authors: Hamza Ben
authors: HB
authors: Zeglam
authors: Department of Genetic Engineering, Biotechnology Research Center (BTRC), Twisha, Tripoli, Libya.
authors: Inas M
authors: IM
authors: Alhudiri
authors: Department of Genetic Engineering, Biotechnology Research Center (BTRC), Twisha, Tripoli, Libya.
authors: Ahmad M
authors: AM
authors: Ramadan
authors: Department of Genetic Engineering, Biotechnology Research Center (BTRC), Twisha, Tripoli, Libya.
authors: Saleh S
authors: SS
authors: Saleh
authors: Department of Surgery, Dentistry Faculty, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya.
authors: Mohamed
authors: M
authors: Elkabir
authors: Department of Genetic Engineering, Biotechnology Research Center (BTRC), Twisha, Tripoli, Libya.
authors: Ibrahim Ben
authors: IB
authors: Amer
authors: Department of Genetic Engineering, Biotechnology Research Center (BTRC), Twisha, Tripoli, Libya.|National Libyan Authority for Sciences, Research and technology (LASTAR), Tripoli, Libya.
authors: Nureddin
authors: N
authors: Ashammakhi
authors: Department of Genetic Engineering, Biotechnology Research Center (BTRC), Twisha, Tripoli, Libya; nabil.enattah@btrc.ly; nabil.enattah@yahoo.com.
authors: Nabil S
authors: NS
authors: Enattah
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008002:Libya / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol
keywords: SNP; chronic periodontitis; gene; polymorphisms; variations; vitamin D receptor