title: Avoidant personality disorder versus social phobia: the significance of childhood neglect.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Avoidant personality disorder (AvPD) and social phobia (SP) are common disorders both in the community and in clinical settings. Whether the two disorders represent different severity levels of social anxiety disorder is currently in dispute. The relationship between AvPD and SP is probably more complex than previously assumed. Several environmental, temperamental, and constitutional factors may play a role in the etiology of AvPD and SP. Better knowledge about childhood experiences may shed light on similarities and differences between the two disorders. The aim of this study was to compare self-reported childhood experiences in AvPD and SP patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a cross-sectional multi-site study of 91 adult patients with AvPD and/ or SP. We compared patients with AvPD with and without SP (AvPD group) to patients with SP without AvPD (SP group).
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients were examined using structured diagnostic interviews and self-report measures, including Child Trauma Questionnaire, Parental Bonding Instrument, and Adult Temperament Questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both AvPD and SP were associated with negative childhood experiences. AvPD patients reported more severe childhood neglect than patients with SP, most pronounced for physical neglect. The difference between the disorders in neglect remained significant after controlling for temperamental factors and concurrent abuse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study indicates that childhood neglect is a risk factor for AvPD and may be one contributing factor to phenomenological differences between AvPD and SP.
authors: Department of Group Psychotherapy, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway.
authors: Ingeborg
authors: I
authors: Eikenaes
authors: Department of Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway.
authors: Jens
authors: J
authors: Egeland
authors: Department of Research and Development, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Benjamin
authors: B
authors: Hummelen
authors: Department for Research and Development, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Theresa
authors: T
authors: Wilberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D057566:Self Report; D012931:Social Environment; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013694:Temperament / Q000502:physiology