title: Six-Year Incidence and Baseline Risk Factors for Pseudoexfoliation in a South Indian Population: The Chennai Eye Disease Incidence Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the 6-year incidence of pseudoexfoliation and its risk factors in a South Indian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal population-based study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects 40 years of age or older without pseudoexfoliation at baseline.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were examined at baseline and after a 6-year interval. The presence of pseudoexfoliation was looked for after pupillary dilation in either or both eyes at 1 or more locations. Glaucoma was defined using the International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology Classification. Logistic regression was performed to identify the baseline risk factors that could predict the incident pseudoexfoliation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six-year incidence, associated risk factors, and rural-versus-urban differences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the study cohort of 4228 subjects, 87 subjects (male-to-female ratio, 48:39; rural-to-urban ratio, 69:18) demonstrated incident pseudoexfoliation (2.03%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-2.5; rural: -2.86%; 95% CI, 1.6-2.5; urban: 0.96%; 95% CI, 0.5-1.4). Pseudoexfoliation was associated with glaucoma in 1 subject (1.1%), with primary angle-closure suspicion in 10 subjects (11.5%), and with ocular hypertension in 2 subjects (2.2%). Significant predictive baseline risk factors were older age (P < 0.001), rural residence (P < 0.001), illiteracy (P = 0.02), pseudophakia (P = 0.04), and nuclear cataract (P = 0.05). With reference to the 40-to-49-year age group, the risk of incidence increased from 4.7 (95% CI, 2.4-9.4) for the 50-to-59-year age group to 12.9 (95% CI, 6.1-27.2) for 70 years of age and older group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In 6 years, pseudoexfoliation developed in 2.03% of the population. Rural and urban incidence was significantly different.
authors: Glaucoma Project, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India. Electronic address: cgscedis@gmail.com.
authors: Lingam
authors: L
authors: Vijaya
authors: Glaucoma Project, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India; Elite School of Optometry, Chennai, India; Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India.
authors: Rashima
authors: R
authors: Asokan
authors: Glaucoma Project, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India.
authors: Manish
authors: M
authors: Panday
authors: Glaucoma Project, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India.
authors: Nikhil S
authors: NS
authors: Choudhari
authors: Glaucoma Project, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India; Elite School of Optometry, Chennai, India.
authors: Sathyamangalam
authors: S
authors: Ve Ramesh
authors: Glaucoma Project, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India; Elite School of Optometry, Chennai, India.
authors: Lokapavani
authors: L
authors: Velumuri
authors: Glaucoma Project, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India.
authors: Ronnie
authors: R
authors: George
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D017889:Exfoliation Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D015812:Glaucoma, Angle-Closure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D058609:Visual Field Tests