title: Motivation for HPV Vaccination Among Young Adult Men: Validation of TTM Decisional Balance and Self-Efficacy Constructs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the United States, 36% of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers occur among men. HPV vaccination can substantially reduce the risk of HPV infection; however, the vast majority of men are unvaccinated. This study developed and validated transtheoretical model-based measures for HPV vaccination in young adult men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional measurement development.
  
  
  METHODS
  Online survey of young adult men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred twenty-nine mostly college-attending men, ages 18 to 26.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stage of change, decisional balance (pros/cons), and self-efficacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample was randomly split into halves for exploratory principal components analysis (PCA), followed by confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) to test measurement models. Multivariate analyses examined relationships between scales.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For decisional balance, PCA revealed two uncorrelated five-item factors (pros α = .78; cons α = .83). For the self-efficacy scale, PCA revealed a single-factor solution (α = .83). CFA confirmed that the two-factor uncorrelated model for decisional balance and a single-factor model for self-efficacy. Follow-up analyses of variance supported the theoretically predicted relationships between stage of change, pros, and self-efficacy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study resulted in reliable and valid measures of pros and self-efficacy for HPV vaccination that can be used in future clinical research.
authors: Anne C
authors: AC
authors: Fernandez
authors: Nicole R
authors: NR
authors: Amoyal
authors: Andrea L
authors: AL
authors: Paiva
authors: James O
authors: JO
authors: Prochaska
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003657:Decision Making; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines; D020377:Self Efficacy; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D014495:Universities; D014611:Vaccination / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines
keywords: Decisional Balance; Health focus: medical self care; Human Papillomavirus; Manuscript format: research; Outcome measure: behavioral; Prevention Research; Research purpose: instrument development/validation; Self-Efficacy, Vaccine; Setting: school; Stage of Change; Strategy: skill building/behavior change; Study design: cross-sectional; Target population age: adults; Target population circumstances: Rhode Island, enrolled in college; Transtheoretical Model