title: Combined effects of androgen anabolic steroids and physical activity on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.
abstract: Analysing effects of pharmaceutical substances and training on feedback mechanisms of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis may be helpful to quantify the benefit of strategies preventing loss of muscle mass, and in the fight against doping. In this study we analysed combined effects of anabolic steroids and training on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Therefore intact male Wistar rats were dose-dependently treated with metandienone, estradienedione and the selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) S-1. In serum cortisol, testosterone, 17β-estradiol (E2), prolactin, inhibin B, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and thyroxine (T4) concentrations were determined. Six human volunteers were single treated with 1-androstenedione. In addition abusing and clean body builders were analysed. Serum concentrations of inhibin B, IGF-1, cortisol, prolactin, T4, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), testosterone and LH were determined. In rats, administration of metandienone, estradienedione and S-1 resulted in an increase of muscle fiber diameter. Metandienone and estradienedione but not S-1 administration significantly decreases LH and inhibin B serum concentration. Administration of estradienedione resulted in an increase of E2 and S-1 in an increase of cortisol. Single administration of 1-androstenedione in humans decreased cortisol and inhibin B serum concentrations. LH was not affected. In abusing body builders a significantly decrease of LH, TSH and inhibin B and an increase of prolactin, IGF-1 and T4 was detected. In clean body builders only T4 and TSH were affected.
authors: Department of Cellular and Molecular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany. Electronic address: j.hengevoss@dshs-koeln.de.
authors: Jonas
authors: J
authors: Hengevoss
authors: Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany. Electronic address: marion.piechotta@tiho-hannover.de.
authors: Marion
authors: M
authors: Piechotta
authors: Department of Cellular and Molecular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany. Electronic address: d.mueller@dshs-koeln.de.
authors: Dennis
authors: D
authors: Müller
authors: Department of Cellular and Molecular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany. Electronic address: fabian.hanft@web.de.
authors: Fabian
authors: F
authors: Hanft
authors: Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: maria.parr@fu-berlin.de.
authors: Maria Kristina
authors: MK
authors: Parr
authors: Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany. Electronic address: schaenzer@dshs-koeln.de.
authors: Wilhelm
authors: W
authors: Schänzer
authors: Department of Cellular and Molecular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany. Electronic address: diel@dshs-koeln.de.
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: Diel
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides / Q000494:pharmacology; D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000735:Androstenedione / Q000494:pharmacology; D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D004963:Estrenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007265:Inhibins / Q000097:blood; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008696:Methandrostenolone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009043:Motor Activity; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: C510278:3-(4-fluorophenoxy)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-N-(4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propanamide; D000577:Amides; D045930:Anabolic Agents; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D004963:Estrenes; C422364:inhibin B; C039940:4,6-estradiene-3,17-dione; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D013739:Testosterone; D000735:Androstenedione; D004958:Estradiol; D007265:Inhibins; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D011388:Prolactin; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D008696:Methandrostenolone; D013974:Thyroxine; D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: Anabolic steroids; Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis; SARMs; Training