title: Feasibility of free-breathing, GRAPPA-based, real-time cardiac cine assessment of left-ventricular function in cardiovascular patients at 3T.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the feasibility of free-breathing, GRAPPA-based, real-time (RT) cine 3T cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with high acceleration factors for the assessment of left-ventricular function in a cohort of patients as compared to conventional segmented cine imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective cohort study, subjects with various cardiac conditions underwent MRI involving two RT cine sequences (high resolution and low resolution) and standard segmented cine imaging. Standard qualitative and quantitative parameters of left-ventricular function were quantified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 25 subjects, 24 were included in the analysis (mean age: 50.5±21 years, 67% male, 25% with cardiomyopathy). RT cine derived quantitative parameters of volumes and left ventricular mass were strongly correlated with segmented cine imaging (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]: >0.72 for both RT cines) but correlation for peak ejection and filling rates were moderate to poor for both RT cines (ICC<0.40). Similarly, RT cines significantly underestimated peak ejection and filling rates (>103.2±178 ml/s). Among patient-related factors, heart rate was strongly predictive for deviation of measurements (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RT cine MRI at 3T is feasible for qualitative and quantitative assessment of left ventricular function for low and high-resolution sequences but results in significant underestimation of systolic function, peak ejection and filling rates.
authors: Institute of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300, Guangzhou Road, 210029 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. Electronic address: xiaomeizhunanjing@163.com.
authors: Xiaomei
authors: X
authors: Zhu
authors: Institute of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany. Electronic address: flixschwab@googlemail.com.
authors: Felix
authors: F
authors: Schwab
authors: Institute of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany. Electronic address: Roy.Marcus@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors: Roy
authors: R
authors: Marcus
authors: Institute of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany. Electronic address: Holger.Hetterich@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors: Holger
authors: H
authors: Hetterich
authors: Institute of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany. Electronic address: daniel.theisen@me.com.
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Theisen
authors: Institute of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany. Electronic address: Harald.Kramer@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors: Harald
authors: H
authors: Kramer
authors: Department of Radiology, University of Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany. Electronic address: Mike.Notohamiprodjo@med.lmu.de.
authors: Mike
authors: M
authors: Notohamiprodjo
authors: Department of Radiology, University of Heidelberg, Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Electronic address: Christopher.Schlett@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
authors: Christopher L
authors: CL
authors: Schlett
authors: Department of Radiology, University of Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany. Electronic address: Konstantin.Nikolaou@med.uni-tuebingen.de.
authors: Konstantin
authors: K
authors: Nikolaou
authors: Institute of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany. Electronic address: Maximilian.Reiser@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors: Maximilian F
authors: MF
authors: Reiser
authors: Institute of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; Department of Radiology, University of Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany. Electronic address: fbamberg@med.lmu.de.
authors: Fabian
authors: F
authors: Bamberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000473:pathology*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
keywords: Cardiac MRI; Heart rate; Left ventricular function; Parallel imaging; Real time imaging