title: Salivary glucose and antioxidant defense markers in type II diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate salivary antioxidant defense markers, their correlation with salivary glucose, and glycemic status in type II diabetes mellitus (DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 53 diabetic patients and 40 healthy subjects. Salivary glucose, blood glucose, and uric acid (UA) were determined by specific enzymatic methods. Total antioxidant activity (AOA), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total protein were determined spectrophotometrically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Salivary UA (3.12 vs. 1.89 mg/dL), GSH (47 vs. 11.92 jg/mL), and total protein (375.12 vs. 202.23 mg/dL) were significantly higher (P < 0.001; r = 0.455, 0.735, 0.498 respectively) and AOA (653.1 vs. 897.3 µmol/L) was significantly lower in the DM group (P <0.001, r = -0.431) compared to healthy controls. Among the antioxidant enzymes, CAT was significantly lower (1214 vs. 9468.9 kat) in the DM group (P < 0.001, r = -0.886). Spearman correlation analyses within the diabetic group showed a strong positive association between salivary glucose and blood glucose (P <0.001, r = 0.9), salivary glucose and GSH, and salivary glucose and UA. Salivary glucose showed a negative correlation with AOA and CAT (P = 0.008, r = -0.447) in the diabetic group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings of this study, showing a strong correlation between salivary glucose and blood glucose as well as changes in antioxidant components in the DM group, suggest that saliva can be used for the diagnosis and management of DM.
authors: Sayeeda
authors: S
authors: Mussavira
authors: Mala
authors: M
authors: Dharmalingam
authors: Bindhu
authors: B
authors: Omana Sukumaran
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D005978:Glutathione; D005947:Glucose