title: Trileaflet Mitral Valve with Three Papillary Muscles Associated with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Novel Case.
abstract: Congenital mitral valve (MV) malformations are uncommon, except for MV prolapse. Despite their infrequency, most of them are well-known and defined entities, such as congenital MV stenosis with two papillary muscles, parachute MV, supravalvular mitral ring, hypoplastic MV, isolated cleft in the anterior and/or posterior leaflets, and double-orifice MV. A trileaflet MV with three separate papillary muscles with concordant atrioventricular and ventricle-arterial connections is exceptionally rare. To the best of the authors' knowledge, it has been reported only once in association with subaortic valvular stenosis. We hereby describe a novel case associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas.
authors: Salvatore
authors: S
authors: Rosanio
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas.
authors: Cameron J
authors: CJ
authors: Simonsen
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas.
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Starwalt
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas.
authors: Abdul M
authors: AM
authors: Keylani
authors: Echocardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Disease Units, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Vitarelli
mesh_terms: D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010210:Papillary Muscles / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
keywords: congenital heart disease; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; mitral valve; papillary muscle