title: Nanofiber-mediated release of retinoic acid and brain-derived neurotrophic factor for enhanced neuronal differentiation of neural progenitor cells.
abstract: The treatment of an injured central nervous system using stem-cell-based regenerative medicine still faces considerable hurdles that need to be overcome. Chief among which is the lack of efficient strategies to generate functional neurons from stem cells. The sustained delivery of biochemical cues and synergistic topographical signaling from electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds may be a potential strategy to enhance neuronal differentiation of stem cells for therapeutic purposes. In this study, retinoic acid (RA) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were encapsulated into a copolymer of ε-caprolactone and ethyl ethylene phosphate to form a multifunctional, electrospun nanofibrous scaffold. Sustained release of RA and BDNF was achieved for at least 7 and 14 days, respectively. Despite lower cumulative release of drugs as compared to bolus delivery to plain nanofibers (at least 2× and 50× lower for RA and BDNF, respectively), nanofiber-mediated delivery of RA and/or BDNF resulted in similar capacity for neuronal differentiation of mouse neural progenitor cells (NPCs). In addition, nanofiber topography significantly increased neuronal differentiation (with BDNF, 47.4% Map2(+) cells on 2D vs. 53.4 to 56.5% on nanofibers, p < 0.05) and reduced glial cell differentiation. BDNF was a more potent inducer of neuronal differentiation than RA. RA supplementation alone resulted in minimal effect on NPC differentiation, and dual supplementation of RA and BDNF did not further enhance the neuronal differentiation of NPCs. Collectively, the results suggest that synergistic effects of nanofiber topography and sustained delivery of RA and/or BDNF may contribute towards the design of a multifunctional artificial stem cell niche for NPC neuronal differentiation.
authors: Division of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang, 637459, Singapore.
authors: Wei Ching
authors: WC
authors: Low
authors: Pim-On
authors: PO
authors: Rujitanaroj
authors: Feng
authors: F
authors: Wang
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: Sing Yian
authors: SY
authors: Chew
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002208:Caproates / Q000737:chemistry; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D007783:Lactones / Q000737:chemistry; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D002208:Caproates; D007783:Lactones; D014212:Tretinoin; C121056:caprolactone; C579455:BDNF protein, human