title: Leaf surface lipophilic compounds as one of the factors of silver birch chemical defense against larvae of gypsy moth.
abstract: Plant chemical defense against herbivores is a complex process which involves a number of secondary compounds. It is known that the concentration of leaf surface lipophilic compounds (SLCs), particularly those of flavonoid aglycones are increased with the defoliation treatment of silver birch Betula pendula. In this study we investigated how the alteration of SLCs concentration in the food affects the fitness and innate immunity of the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar. We found that a low SLCs concentrations in consumed leaves led to a rapid larval development and increased females' pupae weight (= fecundity) compared to larvae fed with leaves with high SLCs content. Inversely, increasing the compounds concentration in an artificial diet produced the reverse effects: decreases in both larval weight and larval survival. Low SLCs concentrations in tree leaves differently affected larval innate immunity parameters. For both sexes, total hemocytes count in the hemolymph increased, while the activity of plasma phenoloxidase decreased when larvae consume leaves with reduced content of SLCs. Our results clearly demonstrate that the concentration of SLCs in silver birch leaves affects not only gypsy moth fitness but also their innate immune status which might alter the potential resistance of insects against infections and/or parasitoids.
authors: Laboratory of Insect Pathology, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, 630091, Frunze str. 11, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors: Vyacheslav V
authors: VV
authors: Martemyanov
authors: Laboratory of Insect Pathology, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, 630091, Frunze str. 11, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors: Sergey V
authors: SV
authors: Pavlushin
authors: Laboratory of Insect Pathology, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, 630091, Frunze str. 11, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors: Ivan M
authors: IM
authors: Dubovskiy
authors: Laboratory of Insect Pathology, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, 630091, Frunze str. 11, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors: Irina A
authors: IA
authors: Belousova
authors: Laboratory of Ecological Research and Chromatographic Analysis, Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 630090, Lavrentjev Ave. 9, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors: Yuliya V
authors: YV
authors: Yushkova
authors: Laboratory of Ecological Research and Chromatographic Analysis, Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 630090, Lavrentjev Ave. 9, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors: Sergey V
authors: SV
authors: Morosov
authors: Laboratory of Ecological Research and Chromatographic Analysis, Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 630090, Lavrentjev Ave. 9, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors: Elena I
authors: EI
authors: Chernyak
authors: Laboratory of Insect Pathology, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, 630091, Frunze str. 11, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors: Victor V
authors: VV
authors: Glupov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D029662:Betula / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000469:parasitology; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D008297:Male; D009036:Moths / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000469:parasitology; D018030:Silver Compounds
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D018030:Silver Compounds