title: Periodic Fever: a review on clinical, management and guideline for Iranian patients - part I.
abstract: Periodic fever syndromes are a group of diseases characterized by episodes of fever with healthy intervals between febrile episodes. The first manifestation of these disorders are present in childhood and adolescence, but infrequently it may be presented in young and middle ages. Genetic base has been known for all types of periodic fever syndromes except periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis (PFAPA). Common periodic fever disorders are Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) and PFAPA. In each patient with periodic fever, acquired infection with chronic and periodic nature should be ruled out. It depends on epidemiology of infectious diseases. Some of them such as Familial Mediterranean fever and PFAPA are common in Iran. In Iran and other Middle East countries, brucellosis, malaria and infectious mononucleosis should be considered in differential diagnosis of periodic fever disorders especially with fever and arthritis manifestation. In children, urinary tract infection may be presented as periodic disorder, urine analysis and culture is necessary in each child with periodic symptoms. Some malignancies such as leukemia and tumoral lesions should be excluded in patients with periodic syndrome and weight loss in any age. After excluding infection, malignancy and cyclic neutropenia, FMF and PFAPA are the most common periodic fever disorders. Similar to other countries, Hyper IgD, Chronic Infantile Neurologic Cutaneous and Articular, TRAPS and other auto-inflammatory syndromes are rare causes of periodic fever in Iranian system registry. In part 1 of this paper we reviewed the prevalence of FMF and PFAPA in Iran. In part 2, some uncommon auto-inflammatory disorders such as TRAPS, Hyper IgD sydrome and cryopyrin associated periodic syndromes will be reviewed.
authors: Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital.
authors: Zahra
authors: Z
authors: Ahmadinejad
authors: Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital.
authors: Sedigeh
authors: S
authors: Mansori
authors: Pediatric Rheumatology Research Group, Rheumatology Research Center ; Department of Pediatrics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences ; Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence.
authors: Vahid
authors: V
authors: Ziaee
authors: Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital.
authors: Neda
authors: N
authors: Alijani
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
authors: Yahya
authors: Y
authors: Aghighi
authors: Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center ; Department of Pediatrics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
authors: Nima
authors: N
authors: Parvaneh
authors: Growth & Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Pediatrics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
authors: Mohammad-Hassan
authors: MH
authors: Mordinejad
keywords: Familial Mediterranean Fever; Hyper IgD; PFAPA; Periodic Fever; TRAPS