title: Osmotic Stress Modulates the Balance between Exocytosis and Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis in Arabidopsis thaliana.
abstract: The sessile life style of plants creates the need to deal with an often adverse environment, in which water availability can change on a daily basis, challenging the cellular physiology and integrity. Changes in osmotic conditions disrupt the equilibrium of the plasma membrane: hypoosmotic conditions increase and hyperosmotic environment decrease the cell volume. Here, we show that short-term extracellular osmotic treatments are closely followed by a shift in the balance between endocytosis and exocytosis in root meristem cells. Acute hyperosmotic treatments (ionic and nonionic) enhance clathrin-mediated endocytosis simultaneously attenuating exocytosis, whereas hypoosmotic treatments have the opposite effects. In addition to clathrin recruitment to the plasma membrane, components of early endocytic trafficking are essential during hyperosmotic stress responses. Consequently, growth of seedlings defective in elements of clathrin or early endocytic machinery is more sensitive to hyperosmotic treatments. We also found that the endocytotic response to a change of osmotic status in the environment is dominant over the presumably evolutionary more recent regulatory effect of plant hormones, such as auxin. These results imply that osmotic perturbation influences the balance between endocytosis and exocytosis acting through clathrin-mediated endocytosis. We propose that tension on the plasma membrane determines the addition or removal of membranes at the cell surface, thus preserving cell integrity.
authors: Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium.
authors: Marta
authors: M
authors: Zwiewka
authors: Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium.
authors: Tomasz
authors: T
authors: Nodzyński
authors: Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium.
authors: Stéphanie
authors: S
authors: Robert
authors: Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium.
authors: Steffen
authors: S
authors: Vanneste
authors: Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria. Electronic address: jiri.friml@ist.ac.at.
authors: Jiří
authors: J
authors: Friml
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002966:Clathrin / Q000378:metabolism*; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D005089:Exocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009997:Osmotic Pressure / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D002966:Clathrin; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids
keywords: auxin; clathrin-mediated endocytosis; osmotic stress; protein trafficking