title: High phosphate serum levels correlate with the severity of experimental severe acute pancreatitis: insight into the purinergic system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Extracellular purines are a component of the systemic inflammatory response, and their levels are modulated by ectonucleotidases. In addition, nucleotide hydrolysis releases phosphate. We studied serum phosphate levels as a predictor of severity in acute pancreatitis (AP) and their correlation with extracellular purinergic metabolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acute pancreatitis was induced by the retrograde injection of sodium taurocholate. The AP group was compared with animals submitted to a model of sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture. The sham group was submitted to laparotomy and closure. We measured the phosphate and purine levels in serum and the expression of 5'-nucleotidase (CD73) and the adenosine A2a receptor in pancreatic tissue by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum phosphate levels were higher in severe AP and correlated with severity. Severe AP led to increased serum levels of adenosine diphosphate, adenosine monophosphate, and adenosine. In addition, adenosine monophosphate conversion to adenosine in serum was accelerated in the AP groups. We found a positive correlation between serum adenosine and phosphate in the AP groups. The expression levels of CD73 and the adenosine A2a receptor in the pancreas were not altered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that serum phosphate correlates with severity in AP and implicates extracellular purines in the systemic response to severe AP.
authors: From the *Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Cirúrgicas, Faculdade de Medicina, and †Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre; ‡Laboratório de Neurociências Clínicas, ICBS, Centro de Ciências Da Vida E Da Saúde, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas; §Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; ║Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina; ¶Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre; #Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas; and **Serviço de Cirurgia Digestiva, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors: Guilherme S
authors: GS
authors: Mazzini
authors: Daniel T
authors: DT
authors: Jost
authors: Denise B
authors: DB
authors: Ramos
authors: Jean P
authors: JP
authors: Oses
authors: Mateus A
authors: MA
authors: Zeni
authors: Rafael
authors: R
authors: Machoseki
authors: Luiza W
authors: LW
authors: Kist
authors: Mauricio R
authors: MR
authors: Bogo
authors: Carla D
authors: CD
authors: Bonan
authors: Maria I
authors: MI
authors: Edelweiss
authors: Marta M
authors: MM
authors: Duarte
authors: Luis V
authors: LV
authors: Portela
authors: Diogo O
authors: DO
authors: Souza
authors: Alessandro B
authors: AB
authors: Osvaldt
mesh_terms: D015720:5'-Nucleotidase / Q000378:metabolism; D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D008297:Male; D010179:Pancreas / Q000378:metabolism; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D010710:Phosphates / Q000097:blood*; D011687:Purines / Q000097:blood*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010710:Phosphates; D011687:Purines; D015720:5'-Nucleotidase