title: Production, characterization, and biogas application of magnetic hydrochar from cellulose.
abstract: Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) produces carbon-rich nano-micro size particles. In this study, magnetic hydrochar (MHC) was prepared from model compound cellulose by simply adding ferrites during HTC. The effects of ferrites on HTC were evaluated by characterizing solid MHC and corresponding process liquid. Additionally, magnetic stability of MHC was tested by magnetic susceptibility method. Finally, MHC was used as support media for anaerobic films in anaerobic digestion (AD). Ash-free mass yield was around 50% less in MHC than hydrochar produced without ferrites at any certain HTC reaction condition, where organic part of MHC is mainly carbon. In fact, amorphous hydrochar was growing on the surface of inorganic ferrites. MHC maintained magnetic susceptibility regardless of reaction time at reaction temperature 250°C. Pronounced inhibitory effects of magnetic hydrochar occurred during start-up of AD but diminished with prolong AD times. Visible biofilms were observed on the MHC by laser scanning microscope after AD.
authors: Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, Potsdam 14469, Germany; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV 89557, USA. Electronic address: mreza@unr.edu.
authors: M Toufiq
authors: MT
authors: Reza
authors: Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
authors: Erwin
authors: E
authors: Rottler
authors: Biosystems Engineering Division, Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors: Rainer
authors: R
authors: Tölle
authors: Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, Potsdam 14469, Germany.
authors: Maja
authors: M
authors: Werner
authors: Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, Potsdam 14469, Germany.
authors: Patrice
authors: P
authors: Ramm
authors: Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, Potsdam 14469, Germany; UK Biochar Center, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, King's Building, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, UK.
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Mumme
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis / Q000502:physiology; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development; D056804:Biofuels / Q000032:analysis* / Q000382:microbiology; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008280:Magnetics / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D005290:Ferric Compounds; C001215:ferrite; D002606:Charcoal; D002482:Cellulose
keywords: Anaerobic digestion; Cellulose; Hydrothermal carbonization; Magnetic hydrochar; Magnetic susceptibility