title: Microarray Analysis of Human Blood During Electroconvulsive Therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is currently regarded as a significant treatment option for intractable psychiatric disorders, such as catatonic schizophrenia or treatment-resistant depression; however, the underlying molecular mechanism for its therapeutic effect remains obscure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Employing microarray analysis (Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array; Affymetrix, United States) of cDNA derived from the peripheral blood of patients with catatonic schizophrenia (n = 5), we detected a significant change in 145 genes (0.68%) before and after modified ECT (mECT). Moreover, we performed quantitative polymerase chain reaction validation of genes that had previously been suggested to be functionally related to schizophrenia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 4 genes examined (AKT3, TCF7, PPP3R1, and GADD45B), only TCF7 was increased during the mECT procedure (P = 0.0025).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study describes the first attempt to uncover the molecular mechanism of mECT using a microarray assay of mRNA derived from peripheral blood, and our results suggest that the TCF family may play a role in the functional mechanism of mECT.
authors: From the *Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki; †Shin-Abuyama Hospital, Takatsuki and ‡Graduate School of Psychology, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Takao
authors: T
authors: Kaneko
authors: Tetsufumi
authors: T
authors: Kanazawa
authors: Masaki
authors: M
authors: Nishiguchi
authors: Hiroki
authors: H
authors: Kikuyama
authors: Atsushi
authors: A
authors: Tsutsumi
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Uenishi
authors: Yasuo
authors: Y
authors: Kawabata
authors: Seiya
authors: S
authors: Kawashige
authors: Yoshitaka
authors: Y
authors: Nishizawa
authors: Souichiro
authors: S
authors: Maruyama
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Koh
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Yoneda
mesh_terms: D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D019703:Calcineurin / Q000235:genetics; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D046228:Microarray Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012560:Schizophrenia, Catatonic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy*; D051822:T Cell Transcription Factor 1 / Q000235:genetics; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000097642:GADD45 Proteins
chemical_list: D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D019703:Calcineurin; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051822:T Cell Transcription Factor 1; C086470:GADD45B protein, human; D000097642:GADD45 Proteins; C497576:TCF7 protein, human; C491754:AKT3 protein, human; C525676:PPP3R1 protein, human