title: A new era of secreted phospholipase A₂.
abstract: Among more than 30 members of the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) superfamily, secreted PLA2 (sPLA2) enzymes represent the largest family, being Ca(2+)-dependent low-molecular-weight enzymes with a His-Asp catalytic dyad. Individual sPLA2s exhibit unique tissue and cellular distributions and enzymatic properties, suggesting their distinct biological roles. Recent studies using transgenic and knockout mice for nearly a full set of sPLA2 subtypes, in combination with sophisticated lipidomics as well as biochemical and cell biological studies, have revealed distinct contributions of individual sPLA2s to various pathophysiological events, including production of pro- and anti-inflammatory lipid mediators, regulation of membrane remodeling, degradation of foreign phospholipids in microbes or food, or modification of extracellular noncellular lipid components. In this review, we highlight the current understanding of the in vivo functions of sPLA2s and the underlying lipid pathways as revealed by a series of studies over the last decade.
authors: Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
authors: Makoto
authors: M
authors: Murakami
authors: Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
authors: Hiroyasu
authors: H
authors: Sato
authors: Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
authors: Yoshimi
authors: Y
authors: Miki
authors: Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
authors: Kei
authors: K
authors: Yamamoto
authors: Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
authors: Yoshitaka
authors: Y
authors: Taketomi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D054497:Phospholipases A2, Secretory / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism; D054507:Receptors, Phospholipase A2 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D054507:Receptors, Phospholipase A2; D054497:Phospholipases A2, Secretory
keywords: arachidonic acid; eicosanoids; fatty acid; immunology; inflammation; lipidomics; lysophospholipid; membranes; obesity; phospholipids/metabolism