title: Calcium alginate gels as stem cell matrix-making paracrine stem cell activity available for enhanced healing after surgery.
abstract: Regeneration after surgery can be improved by the administration of anabolic growth factors. However, to locally maintain these factors at the site of regeneration is problematic. The aim of this study was to develop a matrix system containing human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) which can be applied to the surgical site and allows the secretion of endogenous healing factors from the cells. Calcium alginate gels were prepared by a combination of internal and external gelation. The gelling behaviour, mechanical stability, surface adhesive properties and injectability of the gels were investigated. The permeability of the gels for growth factors was analysed using bovine serum albumin and lysozyme as model proteins. Human MSCs were isolated, cultivated and seeded into the alginate gels. Cell viability was determined by AlamarBlue assay and fluorescence microscopy. The release of human VEGF and bFGF from the cells was determined using an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Gels with sufficient mechanical properties were prepared which remained injectable through a syringe and solidified in a sufficient time frame after application. Surface adhesion was improved by the addition of polyethylene glycol 300,000 and hyaluronic acid. Humans MSCs remained viable for the duration of 6 weeks within the gels. Human VEGF and bFGF was found in quantifiable concentrations in cell culture supernatants of gels loaded with MSCs and incubated for a period of 6 weeks. This work shows that calcium alginate gels can function as immobilization matrices for human MSCs.
authors: Department of Sports Orthopedics, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675 Munich, Germany.
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Schmitt
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5, Haus B, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
authors: Philipp
authors: P
authors: Rödel
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5, Haus B, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
authors: Cihad
authors: C
authors: Anamur
authors: Department of Trauma Surgery, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675 Munich, Germany.
authors: Claudine
authors: C
authors: Seeliger
authors: Department of Sports Orthopedics, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675 Munich, Germany.
authors: Andreas B
authors: AB
authors: Imhoff
authors: Department of Sports Orthopedics, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675 Munich, Germany; Department of Trauma Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck (MUI), Anichstr. 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
authors: Elmar
authors: E
authors: Herbst
authors: Department of Sports Orthopedics, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675 Munich, Germany.
authors: Stephan
authors: S
authors: Vogt
authors: Department of Trauma Surgery, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675 Munich, Germany.
authors: Martijn
authors: M
authors: van Griensven
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5, Haus B, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
authors: Gerhard
authors: G
authors: Winter
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5, Haus B, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Engert
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002122:Calcium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005782:Gels / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000494:pharmacology; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D009113:Muramidase / Q000378:metabolism; D019899:Paracrine Communication / Q000187:drug effects*; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000378:metabolism; D014783:Viscosity; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D005782:Gels; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D009113:Muramidase; D002122:Calcium Chloride