title: Measurement invariance of the Driver Behavior Questionnaire across samples of young drivers from Finland and Ireland.
abstract: This article investigates the factor structure of the 27-item Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) in two samples of young drivers (18-25 years of age); one from Finland and the other from Ireland. We compare the two-, three-, and four-factor solutions using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and show that the four-factor model (with the latent variables rule violations, aggressive violations, slips and lapses) fits the data from the two countries best. Next, we compare the fit of this model across samples by the means of a measurement invariance analysis in the CFA framework. The analysis shows that the four-factor model fails to fit both samples equally well. This is mainly because the socially-oriented latent variables (rule violations and aggressive violations) are different in nature in the two samples. The cognitively-oriented latent variables (slips and lapses) are, however, similar across countries and the mean values of slips can be compared using latent variable models. However, the common practice of calculating sum scores to represent the four latent DBQ variables and comparing them across subgroups of respondents is unfounded, at least when comparing young respondents from Finland and Ireland.
authors: Traffic Research Unit, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: markus.mattsson@helsinki.fi.
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Mattsson
authors: School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
authors: Fearghal
authors: F
authors: O'Brien
authors: Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors: Timo
authors: T
authors: Lajunen
authors: School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Gormley
authors: Traffic Research Unit, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors: Heikki
authors: H
authors: Summala
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007494:Ireland / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D012107:Research Design; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: CFA; Confirmatory Factor Analysis; DBQ; Driver Behavior Questionnaire; Measurement invariance