title: Epilepsy and eating disorders during pregnancy: Prevalence, complications and birth outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to investigate the prevalence of eating disorders and its relation to pregnancy and delivery complications in childbearing women with epilepsy (WWE).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is based on The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) linked to the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Epilepsy was reported in 706 pregnancies. The remaining cohort (n=106,511) served as the reference group. Eating disorders were diagnosed using DSM-IV criteria adjusted for pregnancy. The risk of preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, diabetes and weight gain during pregnancy as well as delivery outcome (small for gestational age, large for gestational age, ponderal index, low APGAR score, small head circumference) were calculated as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for maternal age, smoking, parity and socioeconomic factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pregnant WWE were significantly more likely to have binge eating disorder (6.5% vs. 4.7%, p<0.05). WWE and comorbid eating disorders had significantly more preeclampsia (7.9% vs. 3.7%, p<0.05), peripartum depression and/or anxiety (40.4% vs. 17.8%, p<0.001) and operative delivery (38.2% vs. 23.5%, p<0.001) than the reference group without epilepsy or eating disorders. After adjustment for confounders, a significantly increased risk of operative delivery (OR 1.96, CI 1.26-3.05) and peripartum depression and/or anxiety (OR 2.17, CI 1.40-3.36) was demonstrated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Eating disorders in WWE contribute to the increased risk of pregnancy and delivery complications. Health personnel should be aware of eating disorders in WWE and refer them for treatment before pregnancy.
authors: Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. Electronic address: kolstadeivind@gmail.com.
authors: Eivind
authors: E
authors: Kolstad
authors: Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
authors: Nils Erik
authors: NE
authors: Gilhus
authors: Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
authors: Gyri
authors: G
authors: Veiby
authors: Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
authors: Simone Frizell
authors: SF
authors: Reiter
authors: Department of Complex Epilepsy, SSE, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Morten Ingvar
authors: MI
authors: Lossius
authors: Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
authors: Marte
authors: M
authors: Bjørk
mesh_terms: D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009664:Norway; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D037841:Pregnant People
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants
keywords: Anorexia; Binge eating disorder; Birth outcome; Bulimia; MoBa; The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study