title: Effect of luteolin and apigenin on the expression of Oct-4, Sox2, and c-Myc in dental pulp cells with in vitro culture.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dental pulp cells (DPCs) are promising cell source for dental tissue regeneration. Recently, small molecules which optimize microenvironment or activate the reprogramming network provide a new way to enhance the pluripotency. Two promising bioflavonoids luteolin and apigenin were reported to enhance reprogramming efficiency in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF). However, their effect and underlying mechanism in cell fate determination of human DPCs remain unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  To elucidate the effect of luteolin and apigenin on the cell fate determination of DPCs, we explored the cell proliferation, cell cycle, senescence, apoptosis, expression of pluripotency markers Oct-4, Sox2, and c-Myc, and multilineage differentiation capability of DPCs with luteolin or apigenin treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We demonstrated that luteolin and apigenin inhibited cell proliferation, arrested DPCs in G2/M and S phase, and upregulated PI value and apoptosis. Moreover, luteolin and apigenin increased telomerase activity, maintained DPCs in a presenescent state, and activated the expression of Oct-4, Sox2, and c-Myc at a dose- and time-dependent pattern in DPCs even at late passages, albeit repressed lineage-specific differentiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Addition of luteolin and apigenin in the culture medium might provide an effective way to maintain DPCs in an undifferentiated stage and inhibit lineage-specific differentiation.
authors: Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China.
authors: Lu
authors: L
authors: Liu
authors: Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China.
authors: Zhengjun
authors: Z
authors: Peng
authors: Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China.
authors: Zezhen
authors: Z
authors: Xu
authors: Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China.
authors: Xi
authors: X
authors: Wei
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D047310:Apigenin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D047311:Luteolin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051379:Mice; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: C489427:MYC protein, human; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; C527782:SOX2 protein, human; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors; D047310:Apigenin; D047311:Luteolin