title: Adenoviruses associated with acute respiratory diseases reported in Beijing from 2011 to 2013.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adenovirus is one of the most common causes of viral acute respiratory infections. To identify the types of human adenoviruses (HAdVs) causing respiratory illness in Beijing, a sentinel surveillance project on the viral aetiology of acute respiratory infection was initiated in 2011.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Through the surveillance project, 4617 cases of respiratory infections were identified during 2011-2013. Throat swabs (pharynx and tonsil secretions) were collected from all the patients, and 15 different respiratory viruses were screened by multiplex one-step PCR method. 45 were identified as adenovirus-positive from sporadic and outbreak cases of respiratory infection by a multiplex one-step RT-PCR method, and a total of 21 adenovirus isolates were obtained. Five HAdV types among three species, including HAdV-3 (species HAdV-B), HAdV-4 (species HAdV-E), HAdV-7 (species HAdV-B), HAdV-55 (species HAdV-B), and an undefined HAdV type (species HAdV-C) were identified. The comparison results of the penton base, hexon, and fiber gene sequences of the Beijing HAdV-3, HAdV-4, HAdV-7, and HAdV-55 strains in this study and those from the GenBank database indicated significant spatial and temporal conservation and stability of sequences within the genome; however, the phylogenetic relationship indicated that both strain BJ04 and strain BJ09 isolated in 2012 and 2013, respectively, may have recombined between HAdV-1 genome and HAdV-2 genome within species HAdV-C, indicating intraspecies recombination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirmed that at least 5 HAdV types including HAdV-3, HAdV-4, HAdV-7, HAdV-55 and an undefined HAdV type were co-circulating and were the causative agents of respiratory tract infections in recent years in Beijing. HAdV-3, HAdV-4, HAdV-7, and HAdV-55 showed the apparent stability of the genomes, while intraspecies recombination was identified in strain BJ04 and BJ09. The recombinants carrying penton base gene of HAdV-1 as well as hexon and fiber genes of HAdV-2 might be a novel type of HAdV worthy of further study.
authors: Beijing Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 16, Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China.
authors: Meng
authors: M
authors: Chen
authors: WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
authors: Zhen
authors: Z
authors: Zhu
authors: Beijing Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 16, Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China.
authors: Fang
authors: F
authors: Huang
authors: Beijing Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 16, Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China.
authors: Donglei
authors: D
authors: Liu
authors: Beijing Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 16, Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China.
authors: Tiegang
authors: T
authors: Zhang
authors: Beijing Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 16, Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China.
authors: Deng
authors: D
authors: Ying
authors: Beijing Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 16, Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China.
authors: Jiang
authors: J
authors: Wu
authors: WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
authors: Wenbo
authors: W
authors: Xu
mesh_terms: D000258:Adenovirus Infections, Human / Q000821:virology*; D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000068476:Beijing; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010802:Phylogeny; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000821:virology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral