title: Polyphenol extract from Phellinus igniarius protects against acrolein toxicity in vitro and provides protection in a mouse stroke model.
abstract: The basidiomycetous mushroom Phellinus igniarius (L.) Quel. has been used as traditional medicine in various Asian countries for many years. Although many reports exist on its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities and therapeutic effects against various diseases, our current knowledge of its effect on stroke is very limited. Stroke is a neurodegenerative disorder in which oxidative stress is a key hallmark. Following the 2005 discovery by Igarashi's group that acrolein produced from polyamines in vivo is a major cause of cell damage by oxidative stress, we now describe the effects of anti-oxidative extracts from P. igniarius on symptoms of experimentally induced stroke in mice. The toxicity of acrolein was compared with that of hydrogen peroxide in a mouse mammary carcinoma cell line (FM3A). We found that the complete inhibition of FM3A cell growth by 5 μM acrolein could be prevented by crude ethanol extract of P. igniarius at 0.5 μg/ml. Seven polyphenol compounds named 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-3-buten-2one, inonoblin C, phelligridin D, inoscavin C, phelligridin C and interfungin B were identified from this ethanolic extract by LCMS and 1H NMR. Polyphenol-containing extracts of P. igniarius were then used to prevent acrolein toxicity in a mouse neuroblastoma (Neuro-2a) cell line. The results suggested that Neuro-2a cells were protected from acrolein toxicity at 2 and 5 μM by this polyphenol extract at 0.5 and 2 μg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, in mice with experimentally induced stroke, intraperitoneal treatment with P. igniarius polyphenol extract at 20 μg/kg caused a reduction of the infarction volume by 62.2% compared to untreated mice. These observations suggest that the polyphenol extract of P. igniarius could serve to prevent ischemic stroke.
authors: Department of Clinical and Analytical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan.
authors: Papawee
authors: P
authors: Suabjakyong
authors: Department of Clinical and Analytical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan; Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan.
authors: Ryotaro
authors: R
authors: Saiki
authors: Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Leo J L D
authors: LJ
authors: Van Griensven
authors: Department of Clinical and Analytical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan.
authors: Kyohei
authors: K
authors: Higashi
authors: Department of Clinical and Analytical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan.
authors: Kazuhiro
authors: K
authors: Nishimura
authors: Department of Clinical and Analytical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan; Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan.
authors: Kazuei
authors: K
authors: Igarashi
authors: Department of Clinical and Analytical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan.
authors: Toshihiko
authors: T
authors: Toida
mesh_terms: D000171:Acrolein / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000737:chemistry*; D002460:Cell Line; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D059808:Polyphenols; D020011:Protective Agents; D000171:Acrolein; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide