title: Actin flows mediate a universal coupling between cell speed and cell persistence.
abstract: Cell movement has essential functions in development, immunity, and cancer. Various cell migration patterns have been reported, but no general rule has emerged so far. Here, we show on the basis of experimental data in vitro and in vivo that cell persistence, which quantifies the straightness of trajectories, is robustly coupled to cell migration speed. We suggest that this universal coupling constitutes a generic law of cell migration, which originates in the advection of polarity cues by an actin cytoskeleton undergoing flows at the cellular scale. Our analysis relies on a theoretical model that we validate by measuring the persistence of cells upon modulation of actin flow speeds and upon optogenetic manipulation of the binding of an actin regulator to actin filaments. Beyond the quantitative prediction of the coupling, the model yields a generic phase diagram of cellular trajectories, which recapitulates the full range of observed migration patterns.
authors: Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Maiuri
authors: Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, UMR 7600 CNRS /UPMC, 4 Place Jussieu, 75255 Paris Cedex, France.
authors: Jean-François
authors: JF
authors: Rupprecht
authors: Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Wieser
authors: Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
authors: Verena
authors: V
authors: Ruprecht
authors: Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, UMR 7600 CNRS /UPMC, 4 Place Jussieu, 75255 Paris Cedex, France.
authors: Olivier
authors: O
authors: Bénichou
authors: Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.
authors: Nicolas
authors: N
authors: Carpi
authors: Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 168, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.
authors: Mathieu
authors: M
authors: Coppey
authors: Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 168, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.
authors: Simon
authors: S
authors: De Beco
authors: Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel.
authors: Nir
authors: N
authors: Gov
authors: Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
authors: Carl-Philipp
authors: CP
authors: Heisenberg
authors: Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
authors: Carolina
authors: C
authors: Lage Crespo
authors: Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.
authors: Franziska
authors: F
authors: Lautenschlaeger
authors: Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.
authors: Maël
authors: M
authors: Le Berre
authors: U 653, Inserm/Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.
authors: Ana-Maria
authors: AM
authors: Lennon-Dumenil
authors: Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.
authors: Matthew
authors: M
authors: Raab
authors: Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.
authors: Hawa-Racine
authors: HR
authors: Thiam
authors: Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France. Electronic address: matthieu.piel@curie.fr.
authors: Matthieu
authors: M
authors: Piel
authors: Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria. Electronic address: sixt@ist.ac.at.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Sixt
authors: Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, UMR 7600 CNRS /UPMC, 4 Place Jussieu, 75255 Paris Cedex, France; Laboratoire Jean Perrin, UMR 8237 CNRS /UPMC, 4 Place Jussieu, 75255 Paris Cedex, France. Electronic address: voiturie@lptmc.jussieu.fr.
authors: Raphaël
authors: R
authors: Voituriez
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement; D016764:Cell Polarity; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008954:Models, Biological; D009990:Oryzias
chemical_list: D000199:Actins