title: Trends in Microbiological and Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns in Infectious Keratitis: 10-Year Experience in Mexico City.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the distribution and trends in microbiological and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of infectious keratitis in a 10-year period at a reference center in Mexico City.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective observational case series, samples were obtained from corneas with a diagnosis of infectious keratitis from January 2002 to December 2011 at the Institute of Ophthalmology "Conde de Valenciana" in Mexico City. Results of cultures, stains, and specific sensitivity/resistance antibiograms for each microorganism were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1638 consecutive corneal scrapings were analyzed. Pathogen was recovered in 616 samples (38%), with bacterial keratitis accounting for 544 of the positive cultures (88%). A nonsignificant increasing trend in gram-negative isolates (P = 0.11) was observed. The most commonly isolated pathogen was Staphylococcus epidermidis, and the most common gram-negative isolated species was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was present in 45% of the S. aureus isolates; meanwhile, 53.7% coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolates were methicillin resistant (MRCNS). Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance to ceftazidime increased from 15% in the first period to 74% for the last 5 years of the study (P = 0.01). The overall sensitivity for vancomycin of MRSA was 87.5%, whereas 99.6% of the MRCNS were sensitive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a nonsignificant increase in the recovered gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms over time. We observed an increased resistance to methicillin in almost half of the MRSA and MRCNS isolates.
authors: *Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Instituto de Oftalmologia "Conde de Valenciana," Mexico City, Mexico; †Cornea and Refractive Surgery Service, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Institute, School of Medicine, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico; and ‡Department of Ocular Microbiology and Proteomics, Instituto de Oftalmologia "Conde de Valenciana," Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: Julio C
authors: JC
authors: Hernandez-Camarena
authors: Enrique O
authors: EO
authors: Graue-Hernandez
authors: Mariana
authors: M
authors: Ortiz-Casas
authors: Arturo
authors: A
authors: Ramirez-Miranda
authors: Alejandro
authors: A
authors: Navas
authors: Lucero
authors: L
authors: Pedro-Aguilar
authors: Nadia L
authors: NL
authors: Lopez-Espinosa
authors: Carolina
authors: C
authors: Gaona-Juarez
authors: Luis A
authors: LA
authors: Bautista-Hernandez
authors: Victor M
authors: VM
authors: Bautista-de Lucio
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003320:Corneal Ulcer / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000639:trends; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents