title: Ascorbic acid modulates cell migration in differentiated HL-60 cells and peripheral blood leukocytes.
abstract: METHODS
  The impact of L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) on the chemokinesis (CK) and chemotaxis (CT) of HL-60 cells and polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HL-60 cells were differentiated with DMSO, retinoic acid (RA), vitamin D, or L-AA. Chemokinesis and chemotaxis of differentiated HL-cells were assayed. Vitamin D3-treated HL-60 cells (dHL-60vitD3 cells) and RA-treated cells (dHL-60RA cells) acquired monocyte/macrophage-like and neutrophil-like phenotypes, respectively. DMSO induced the differentiation of an intermediate phenotype (dHL-60DMSO cells), whereas L-AA downregulated neutrophil markers (dHL-60L-AA cells). dHL-60DMSO cells had increased CK and potent CT in gradients of IL-8 and N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP). dHL-60RA cells and dHL-60L-AA cells migrated less toward IL-8 and fMLP; dHL-60vitD3 cells preferably responded to fMLP. L-AA enhanced CK of dHL-60DMSO cells and was a weak chemo-attractant. In human leukocytes, IL-8 and fMLP triggered receptor-mediated chemotaxis. CXCR2 and fMLPR were downregulated by IL-8 and fMLP, respectively. L-AA stimulated chemotaxis although significantly less than IL-8 and fMLP. IL-8 targeted chemotaxis was enhanced both in HL-60 cells and leukocytes when cells were incubated with L-AA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  L-AA modulated chemokinesis and had significant chemo-attractant properties, which were independent on fMLP or IL-8 receptors. The results suggest that L-AA improves leukocyte function in innate immune responses.
authors: Department of Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Schwager
authors: Department of Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.
authors: Albine
authors: A
authors: Bompard
authors: Department of Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Weber
authors: Department of Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Raederstorff
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000378:metabolism; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000187:drug effects; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D019891:Leukopoiesis / Q000187:drug effects; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D023063:Receptors, Interleukin-8B / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D012997:Solvents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015415:Biomarkers; C069847:CD66 antigens; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016209:Interleukin-8; D023063:Receptors, Interleukin-8B; D012997:Solvents; D014212:Tretinoin; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; D002112:Calcifediol; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide
keywords: Chemotaxis; Innate immune response; L-ascorbic acid; Leukocytes