title: The aerobic activity of metronidazole against anaerobic bacteria.
abstract: Recently, the aerobic growth of strictly anaerobic bacteria was demonstrated using antioxidants. Metronidazole is frequently used to treat infections caused by anaerobic bacteria; however, to date its antibacterial activity was only tested in anaerobic conditions. Here we aerobically tested using antioxidants the in vitro activities of metronidazole, gentamicin, doxycycline and imipenem against 10 common anaerobic and aerobic bacteria. In vitro susceptibility testing was performed by the disk diffusion method, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by Etest. Aerobic culture of the bacteria was performed at 37°C using Schaedler agar medium supplemented with 1mg/mL ascorbic acid and 0.1mg/mL glutathione; the pH was adjusted to 7.2 by 10M KOH. Growth of anaerobic bacteria cultured aerobically using antioxidants was inhibited by metronidazole after 72h of incubation at 37°C, with a mean inhibition diameter of 37.76mm and an MIC of 1μg/mL; however, strains remained non-sensitive to gentamicin. No growth inhibition of aerobic bacteria was observed after 24h of incubation at 37°C with metronidazole; however, inhibition was observed with doxycycline and imipenem used as controls. These results indicate that bacterial sensitivity to metronidazole is not related to the oxygen tension but is a result of the sensitivity of the micro-organism. In future, both culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing of strictly anaerobic bacteria will be performed in an aerobic atmosphere using antioxidants in clinical microbiology laboratories.
authors: Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, 13005 Marseille, France.
authors: Niokhor
authors: N
authors: Dione
authors: Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, 13005 Marseille, France.
authors: Saber
authors: S
authors: Khelaifia
authors: Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, 13005 Marseille, France.
authors: Jean-Christophe
authors: JC
authors: Lagier
authors: Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, 13005 Marseille, France. Electronic address: didier.raoult@gmail.com.
authors: Didier
authors: D
authors: Raoult
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D001420:Bacteria, Aerobic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D003470:Culture Media; D008795:Metronidazole; D005978:Glutathione; D001205:Ascorbic Acid
keywords: Aerobic susceptibility testing; Antioxidants; In vitro activity; MALDI-TOF/MS; Metronidazole