title: Real-Time Analysis of Cellular Response to Small-Molecule Drugs within a Microfluidic Dielectrophoresis Device.
abstract: Quantitative detection of the biological properties of living cells is essential for a wide range of purposes, from the understanding of cellular characteristics to the development of novel drugs in nanomedicine. Here, we demonstrate that analysis of cell biological properties within a microfluidic dielectrophoresis device enables quantitative detection of cellular biological properties and simultaneously allows large-scale measurement in a noise-robust and probeless manner. Applying this technique, the static and dynamic biological responses of live B16F10 melanoma cells to the small-molecule drugs such as N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and [(dihydronindenyl)oxy]alkanoic acid (DIOA) were quantitatively and statistically examined by investigating changes in movement of the cells. Measurement was achieved using subtle variations in dielectrophoresis (DEP) properties of the cells, which were attributed to activation or deactivation of K(+)/Cl(-) cotransporter channels on the cell membrane by the small-molecule drugs, in a microfluidic device. On the basis of quantitative analysis data, we also provide the first report of the shift of the complex permittivity of a cell induced by the small-molecule drugs. In addition, we demonstrate interesting quantifiable parameters including the drug effectiveness coefficient, antagonistic interaction coefficient, kinetic rate, and full width at half-maximum, which corresponded to changes in biological properties of B16F10 cells over time when NEM and DIOA were introduced alone or in combination. Those demonstrated parameters represent very useful tools for evaluating the effect of small-molecule drugs on the biological properties of cells.
authors: †Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, Republic of Korea.
authors: In Soo
authors: IS
authors: Park
authors: †Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jaewoo
authors: J
authors: Lee
authors: †Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, Republic of Korea.|∥T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.
authors: Gyudo
authors: G
authors: Lee
authors: †Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, Republic of Korea.
authors: Kihwan
authors: K
authors: Nam
authors: †Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, Republic of Korea.
authors: Taewoo
authors: T
authors: Lee
authors: ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering and Great Lakes WATER Institute, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States.
authors: Woo-Jin
authors: WJ
authors: Chang
authors: †Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hansung
authors: H
authors: Kim
authors: †Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, Republic of Korea.
authors: Sei-Young
authors: SY
authors: Lee
authors: †Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jongbum
authors: J
authors: Seo
authors: §School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-703, Republic of Korea.
authors: Dae Sung
authors: DS
authors: Yoon
authors: †Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, Republic of Korea.
authors: Sang Woo
authors: SW
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004586:Electrophoresis; D005033:Ethylmaleimide / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007192:Indenes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D056656:Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; D051379:Mice; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D027981:Symporters / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D000096922:K Cl- Cotransporters
chemical_list: D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D005033:Ethylmaleimide; D007192:Indenes; D027981:Symporters; D000096922:K Cl- Cotransporters; C059990:((dihydroindenyl)oxy)alkanoic acid