title: [Drinking motivates, depending on the use of tobacco and cannabis among adolescents].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alcohol, tobacco and marijuana are the most common drugs used by adolescents. There is evidence of co-occurrence of alcohol use by young people with taking other problem behaviors, little is known about the causes of drinking depending on the type and severity of different substances use. Aim of the study is to find differences in the structure and the rank of drinking motives among people who smoke cigarettes or use marijuana.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was carried out on a nationwide sample of 1411 in mean age 17.7 years (53.3% girls) as a part of next series of HBSC study (Health Behaviour in School aged Children) conducted in 2010 .To investigate reasons for alcohol use, research instrument DMQ-R (Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised) was used. Questions about currently tobacco smoking and marijuana or, hashish use during last year were also asked. One-way ANOVA with post-hoc test Scheffe were used for analysis. Results: The highest means were noticed in the dimension of social motives and they differed significantly due to smoking (F (2, 1170) = 35.76, p <0.001) and marijuana use (F (2, 1.139) = 30.73, p <0.001). Regular smokers have obtained lower mean (M = 61.2, SD = 25.2) than frequently marijuana users (M = 65.9, SD = 25.1). Conformity motives were the weakest motives of drinking among tobacco or marijuana users. Significant differences due to the type and frequency of substance use occurred only in the groups were taking into account tobacco smoking, (F (2,1176)= 4.25, p <0.05). Differences of the levels of motivation to deal with problems (coping motives) were obtained due to tobacco smoking (F (2,1172) = 44.20, p <0.001) and marijuana use (F (2, 1143) = 9.18, p <0.001). Regular smokers were more pointed on the negative intrinsic motivation (M = 38.1, SD = 29.4) than marijuana users (M = 33.5, SD = 29.6). Means in terms of motivation for enhancement also differed in the groups taking into account tobacco smoking (F (2,1174) = 30.63, p <0.001) and cannabis use (F(2,1143)= 52.69, p <0.001). Marihuana users were more likely to have a greater means in this type of motivation (M = 42.6, SD = 27) than regular smokers (M = 32.9, SD = 25.8). Along with a decrease of smoking frequency, means in the studied dimensions were also decreased. Girls were more likely to drink to cope with problems than boys. In other dimensions of motivation to drink means were higher in boys. Means obtained among adolescents who used tobacco or marijuana were slightly higher than in the overall sample.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The strongest reasons for alcohol drinking among adolescent's tobacco smokers and cannabis users are social motives. Smokers are more likely to drink alcohol in order to cope with the problems, and among adolescents who use marijuana more important reason of drinking is to improve good mood. Ranking of drinking motives varies according to gender.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Dzielska
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008385:Marijuana Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D009042:Motivation; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D012919:Social Behavior; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires