title: Improving ammonium and nitrate release from urea using clinoptilolite zeolite and compost produced from agricultural wastes.
abstract: Improper use of urea may cause environmental pollution through NH3 volatilization and NO3 (-) leaching from urea. Clinoptilolite zeolite and compost could be used to control N loss from urea by controlling NH4 (+) and NO3 (-) release from urea. Soil incubation and leaching experiments were conducted to determine the effects of clinoptilolite zeolite and compost on controlling NH4 (+) and NO3 (-) losses from urea. Bekenu Series soil (Typic Paleudults) was incubated for 30, 60, and 90 days. A soil leaching experiment was conducted for 30 days. Urea amended with clinoptilolite zeolite and compost significantly reduced NH4 (+) and NO3 (-) release from urea (soil incubation study) compared with urea alone, thus reducing leaching of these ions. Ammonium and NO3 (-) leaching losses during the 30 days of the leaching experiment were highest in urea alone compared with urea with clinoptilolite zeolite and compost treatments. At 30 days of the leaching experiment, NH4 (+) retention in soil with urea amended with clinoptilolite zeolite and compost was better than that with urea alone. These observations were because of the high pH, CEC, and other chemical properties of clinoptilolite zeolite and compost. Urea can be amended with clinoptilolite zeolite and compost to improve NH4 (+) and NO3 (-) release from urea.
authors: Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Bintulu Sarawak Campus, 97008 Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia.
authors: Latifah
authors: L
authors: Omar
authors: Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Bintulu Sarawak Campus, 97008 Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia ; Agriculture and Environment, Borneo Ecosystem Science Research Centre, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Bintulu Sarawak Campus, 97008 Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia ; Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Product (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors: Osumanu Haruna
authors: OH
authors: Ahmed
authors: Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Product (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors: Nik Muhamad
authors: NM
authors: Ab Majid
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D064751:Ammonium Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000737:chemistry; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D014508:Urea / Q000737:chemistry*; D014866:Waste Products / Q000032:analysis; D017641:Zeolites
chemical_list: D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D009566:Nitrates; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014866:Waste Products; C083175:clinoptilolite; D017641:Zeolites; D014508:Urea