title: Medication type modifies inflammatory response to traffic exposure in a population with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: The association between residential traffic exposure and change in C-reactive protein over 2-years was evaluated using multivariate linear regression including interaction models for traffic and diabetes medication use/type (insulin vs. oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs)). The study population was Puerto Rican adults (n = 356) residing in greater Boston with type 2 diabetes. Traffic was characterized as proximity to roads with >20,000 weekday traffic volumes, and multi-directional traffic density. Increases in CRP concentration were significantly associated with residence ≤100 m of a roadway (p = 0.009) or near multiple roadways (p < 0.001), vs. further away, for individuals using insulin in stratified models, with consistent results in interaction models (p = 0.071 and p = 0.002). CRP was significantly lower with highest traffic density exposure in stratified (p = 0.03) and interaction models (p = 0.024) for individuals using OHAs. Individuals on insulin experienced increased CRP concentrations with traffic exposure over a 2-year study period, while those using OHAs did not experience increases.
authors: Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: christine.rioux@tufts.edu.
authors: Christine L
authors: CL
authors: Rioux
authors: Department of Clinical Laboratory & Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA.
authors: Katherine L
authors: KL
authors: Tucker
authors: Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Doug
authors: D
authors: Brugge
authors: Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Mkaya
authors: M
authors: Mwamburi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D001900:Boston / Q000453:epidemiology; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: C-reactive protein; Inflammation; Puerto Rican; Residential traffic exposure; Traffic density; Traffic proximity; Type 2 diabetes