title: Anti-diabetic effects of Ganoderma lucidum.
abstract: Ganoderma lucidum is a white rot fungus widely used as a tonic for the promotion of longevity and health. Extracts of G. lucidum have been recognized as an alternative adjuvant treatment for diabetes. Among the many biologically active constituents of G. lucidum, polysaccharides, proteoglycans, proteins and triterpenoids have been shown to have hypoglycemic effects. G. lucidum polysaccharides have been reported to have hypoglycemic activity by increasing plasma insulin levels and decreasing plasma sugar levels in mice. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B is a promising therapeutic target in diabetes, and G. lucidum proteoglycan can inhibit this enzyme in vitro. Moreover, G. lucidum triterpenoids were shown to have inhibitory activity on aldose reductase and α-glucosidase that can suppress postprandial hyperglycemia. In addition, a protein Ling Zhi-8 extracted from G. lucidum significantly decreased lymphocyte infiltration and increased the antibody detection of insulin in diabetic mice. This review summarizes most of the research about the hypoglycemic action effects of polysaccharides, proteoglycans, proteins and tritrerpenoids from G. lucidum as a guide for future research.
authors: Institute of Biological Chemistry and Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
authors: Haou-Tzong
authors: HT
authors: Ma
authors: Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei 242, Taiwan.
authors: Jung-Feng
authors: JF
authors: Hsieh
authors: Institute of Biological Chemistry and Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. Electronic address: bcchen@gate.sinica.edu.tw.
authors: Shui-Tein
authors: ST
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000449:Aldehyde Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008517:Phytotherapy; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D054562:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D020940:Reishi; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D011134:Polysaccharides; D000449:Aldehyde Reductase; C516607:PTPN1 protein, human; D054562:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases
keywords: Diabetes; Ganoderma lucidum; Ganodermataceae; Polysaccharides; Triterpenoids