title: Impact of metabolic syndrome on development of contrast-induced nephropathy after elective percutaneous coronary intervention among nondiabetic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Identifying patients who are vulnerable to development of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is essential because of its association with prolonged hospitalization, increased cost, and increased in-hospital and long-term mortality rates.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Individual components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) are well-established risk factors for kidney injury. Nondiabetic patients diagnosed with MetS might be at an increased risk of developing CIN after elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 599 nondiabetic patients were enrolled, of whom 313 met the MetS criteria and 286 were included in the control group. Patients were evaluated for development of CIN after elective PCI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Contrast-induced nephropathy occurred in 9.3% (29 of 313) of the MetS group and 4.9% (14 of 286) of the control group (P = 0.04). The multivariable regression model revealed that baseline glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min, multivessel intervention, and MetS increased and use of statin decreased the probability of CIN independent from confounding factors (odds ratio [OR]: 7.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.46-24.36, P < 0.01 for baseline glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min; OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.42-0.96, P = 0.02 for statin use; OR: 2.64, 95% CI: 1.46-6.56, P < 0.01 for multivessel intervention; and OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.12-2.61, P = 0.03 for MetS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for CIN in patients with stable coronary artery disease who undergo elective PCI. We suggest that clinicians recognize the patients with MetS before elective coronary interventions.
authors: Cardiology Department, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Ozgur Ulas
authors: OU
authors: Ozcan
authors: Hacer
authors: H
authors: Adanir Er
authors: Sadi
authors: S
authors: Gulec
authors: Elif Ezgi
authors: EE
authors: Ustun
authors: Demet Menekse
authors: DM
authors: Gerede
authors: Huseyin
authors: H
authors: Goksuluk
authors: Cansin
authors: C
authors: Tulunay Kaya
authors: Cetin
authors: C
authors: Erol
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Q000009:adverse effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media