title: The effect of intraoperative sounds of saw and hammer on psychological condition in patients with total knee arthroplasty: prospective randomized study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Surgical procedures are likely to be stressful for patients and their families. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a major surgical procedure used in the treatment of osteoarthritis. During this procedure the sounds of the saw and hammer may irritate the patient and adversely affect mood. The present study examines the effect of these intraoperative sounds during TKA on postoperative mood and anxiety, by comparing two different anesthetic procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 40 patients who underwent TKA for grade IV gonarthrosis participated in the study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: 20 patients in the general anesthesia group and 20 patients in the spinal anesthesia group. Mood and anxiety changes were evaluated using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) instruments, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The postoperative POMS value in the spinal anesthesia group was definitively higher than the general anesthesia group, though the difference in preoperative and postoperative POMS and STAI scores between the two groups was not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It would seem that sounds of hammer and saw have no evident negative effect on patient's mood. Regional anesthesia is advisable for TKA patients and appropriate sedation can be administered during the operation if needed.
authors: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Faculty of Medicine, 17100 Çanakkale, Turkey.
authors: Erkam
authors: E
authors: Kömürcü
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Faculty of Medicine, 17100 Çanakkale, Turkey.
authors: Hasan Ali
authors: 0000-0002-8548-124X
authors: HA
authors: Kiraz
authors: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Faculty of Medicine, 17100 Çanakkale, Turkey.
authors: Burak
authors: B
authors: Kaymaz
authors: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Faculty of Medicine, 17100 Çanakkale, Turkey.
authors: Umut Hatay
authors: UH
authors: Gölge
authors: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Faculty of Medicine, 17100 Çanakkale, Turkey.
authors: Gürdal
authors: G
authors: Nusran
authors: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Faculty of Medicine, 17100 Çanakkale, Turkey.
authors: Ferdi
authors: F
authors: Göksel
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Faculty of Medicine, 17100 Çanakkale, Turkey.
authors: Hasan
authors: H
authors: Şahin
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, 35340 İzmir, Turkey.
authors: Dilek
authors: D
authors: Ömür
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, 35340 İzmir, Turkey.
authors: Volkan
authors: V
authors: Hancı
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal; D001007:Anxiety; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000601:surgery; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013016:Sound / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013525:Surgical Instruments / Q000009:adverse effects*