title: Urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder in pediatric patients: a long-term follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report our experience and long-term follow-up data on pediatric patients with urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the urinary bladder.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective study, perioperative and long-term follow-up data of nine pediatric patients with neoplasms of urothelial origin within the urinary bladder between 1980 and 2014 were analyzed. Cystoscopy was performed under general anesthesia, and transurethral resection of the bladder tumors was carried out in the same session. Adult follow-up protocols were used for all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder was histologically verified in five male (66%) and three female (33%) patients. In one patient, papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential was detected. Median patient age at the time of diagnosis was 12 years (4-18 years). Mean tumor size was 2.2 cm (1.5-4 cm). After a median follow-up of 60 months (10-121 months), no recurrence was observed among our patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder in pediatric patients is a rare condition. Due to lack of substantial data, it is difficult to establish tailored management strategies. Most patients present with low-grade, low-stage disease. Being the most common symptom, macroscopic hematuria should be clarified with cystoscopy in pediatric age group.
authors: Department of Urology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Capa, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Haluk
authors: H
authors: Ander
authors: M İrfan
authors: Mİ
authors: Dönmez
authors: Yasin
authors: Y
authors: Yitgin
authors: Tzevat
authors: T
authors: Tefik
authors: Orhan
authors: O
authors: Ziylan
authors: Tayfun
authors: T
authors: Oktar
authors: Mehmet
authors: M
authors: Özsoy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003558:Cystoscopy; D057210:Delayed Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006417:Hematuria / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D047368:Tumor Burden; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*