title: The developmental dynamics of children's academic performance and mothers' homework-related affect and practices.
abstract: This study investigated the longitudinal associations between children's academic performance and their mothers' affect, practices, and perceptions of their children in homework situations. The children's (n = 2,261) performance in reading and math was tested in Grade 1 and Grade 4, and the mothers (n = 1,476) filled out questionnaires on their affect, practices, and perceptions while their children were in Grades 2, 3, and 4. The results showed, first, that the more help in homework the mothers reported, the slower was the development of their children's academic performance from Grade 1 to Grade 4. This negative association was true especially if mothers perceived their children not to be able to work autonomously. Second, children's good academic performance in Grade 1 predicted mothers' perception of child's ability to be autonomous and positive affect in homework situations later on, whereas poor performance predicted mothers' negative affect, help, and monitoring. Finally, mothers' negative affect mediated the association between children's poor performance, maternal practices, and perceptions of their children.
authors: University of Jyvaskyla.
authors: Gintautas
authors: G
authors: Silinskas
authors: University of Jyvaskyla.
authors: Noona
authors: N
authors: Kiuru
authors: University of Jyvaskyla.
authors: Kaisa
authors: K
authors: Aunola
authors: University of Teacher Education.
authors: Marja-Kristiina
authors: MK
authors: Lerkkanen
authors: University of Jyvaskyla.
authors: Jari-Erik
authors: JE
authors: Nurmi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001076:Aptitude; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics / Q000193:education; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D011932:Reading; D012649:Self Concept