title: The influence of electromagnetic pollution on living organisms: historical trends and forecasting changes.
abstract: Current technologies have become a source of omnipresent electromagnetic pollution from generated electromagnetic fields and resulting electromagnetic radiation. In many cases this pollution is much stronger than any natural sources of electromagnetic fields or radiation. The harm caused by this pollution is still open to question since there is no clear and definitive evidence of its negative influence on humans. This is despite the fact that extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields were classified as potentially carcinogenic. For these reasons, in recent decades a significant growth can be observed in scientific research in order to understand the influence of electromagnetic radiation on living organisms. However, for this type of research the appropriate selection of relevant model organisms is of great importance. It should be noted here that the great majority of scientific research papers published in this field concerned various tests performed on mammals, practically neglecting lower organisms. In that context the objective of this paper is to systematise our knowledge in this area, in which the influence of electromagnetic radiation on lower organisms was investigated, including bacteria, E. coli and B. subtilis, nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, land snail, Helix pomatia, common fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, and clawed frog, Xenopus laevis.
authors: Department of Mechatronics and High Voltage Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Własna Strzecha Street 18A, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland ; Department of Electrical Engineering, Power Engineering, Electronics, and Control Engineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Street 11, 10-736 Olsztyn, Poland.
authors: Grzegorz
authors: 0000-0003-1597-5145
authors: G
authors: Redlarski
authors: Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Street 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
authors: Bogdan
authors: 0000-0003-2604-926X
authors: B
authors: Lewczuk
authors: Department of Mechatronics and High Voltage Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Własna Strzecha Street 18A, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
authors: Arkadiusz
authors: A
authors: Żak
authors: Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Street 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
authors: Andrzej
authors: A
authors: Koncicki
authors: Department of Mechatronics and High Voltage Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Własna Strzecha Street 18A, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
authors: Marek
authors: 0000-0002-9640-4696
authors: M
authors: Krawczuk
authors: Department of Electrical Engineering, Power Engineering, Electronics, and Control Engineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Street 11, 10-736 Olsztyn, Poland.
authors: Janusz
authors: J
authors: Piechocki
authors: Department of Mechatronics and High Voltage Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Własna Strzecha Street 18A, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
authors: Kazimierz
authors: K
authors: Jakubiuk
authors: Department of Mechatronics and High Voltage Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Własna Strzecha Street 18A, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
authors: Piotr
authors: P
authors: Tojza
authors: Department of Mechatronics and High Voltage Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Własna Strzecha Street 18A, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
authors: Jacek
authors: J
authors: Jaworski
authors: Department of Mechatronics and High Voltage Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Własna Strzecha Street 18A, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
authors: Dominik
authors: D
authors: Ambroziak
authors: Department of Mechatronics and High Voltage Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Własna Strzecha Street 18A, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
authors: Łukasz
authors: Ł
authors: Skarbek
authors: Department of Mechatronics and High Voltage Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Własna Strzecha Street 18A, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
authors: Dawid
authors: 0000-0003-4399-5477
authors: D
authors: Gradolewski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster; D060733:Electromagnetic Radiation; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000032:analysis* / Q000266:history*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D014981:Xenopus