title: Addition of Exercise Increases Plasma Adiponectin and Release from Adipose Tissue.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adiponectin is an adipose tissue-derived anti-inflammatory protein that is down-regulated in obesity. The effects of caloric restriction and exercise-induced weight loss on adiponectin are not clear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether addition of aerobic exercise training to caloric restriction has additive effects over caloric restriction alone on circulating adiponectin concentrations and adiponectin release from abdominal and gluteal adipose tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Overweight or obese (body mass index, 25-40 kg·m(-2); waist >88 cm) postmenopausal women were randomized to 20-wk caloric restriction with and without aerobic exercise (CR + EX, n = 48; and CR, n = 22). Blood samples were collected for measuring plasma adiponectin concentration, and abdominal and gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were performed in a subgroup to determine in vitro adiponectin release, before and after the interventions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The interventions elicited similar amounts of weight loss (CR + EX, -11.3 ± 4.6 kg; CR,-11.2 ± 3.4 kg) and fat loss (CR + EX, -8.0 ± 3.5 kg; CR, -7.4 ± 2.7 kg). The two groups had differential changes in plasma adiponectin concentrations (for interaction, P = 0.014); CR + EX increased (6.9 ± 3.9 to 8.5 ± 4.9 μg·mL(-1); P = 0.0001), whereas CR did not alter (6.4 ± 4.4 to 6.5 ± 4.5 μg·mL(-1); P = 0.42) plasma adiponectin. Likewise, adiponectin release from abdominal and gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue increased with CR + EX (P = 0.0076 and P = 0.089, respectively) but did not change with CR (P = 0.13 and P = 0.95, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite similar reductions in body weight and fat mass, the addition of aerobic exercise to caloric restriction increased plasma adiponectin concentrations, which may be partly explained by increased adiponectin release from abdominal and gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue.
authors: 1Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; 2Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA; 3Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
authors: Xuewen
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Tongjian
authors: T
authors: You
authors: Karin
authors: K
authors: Murphy
authors: Mary F
authors: MF
authors: Lyles
authors: Barbara J
authors: BJ
authors: Nicklas
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000368:Aged; D050218:Body Fat Distribution; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D050177:Overweight / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000378:metabolism*; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin