title: Effect of serum choice on replicative senescence in mesenchymal stromal cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for innovative cell therapeutic applications. Before their use, however, they usually need to be expanded in vitro with serum-supplemented media. MSCs can undergo replicative senescence during in vitro expansion, but it is not yet clear how serum supplements influence this process.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, we compared how media supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS) or calf serum (CS) affected morphology, proliferation, differentiation, senescence and other functional characteristics of human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  UC-MSCs cultured in both FBS- and CS-containing media were able to differentiate along osteogenic and adipogenic lineages but ultimately reached proliferation arrest. However, senescence-associated characteristics, such as β-galactosidase activity, reactive oxygen species levels, proliferation rate and gene expression, demonstrate that UC-MSCs grown with FBS have better proliferation potential and differentiation capacity. In contrast, UC-MSCs grown with CS have a higher proportion of apoptotic cells and senescent characteristics. Possible mechanisms for the observed phenotypes include changes in gene expression (Bax, p16, p21 and p53) and cytokine production (interleukin-6 and interleukin-8).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that FBS-supplemented media provides a better microenvironment for the expansion of UC-MSCs in vitro than CS-supplemented media. This work provides insight into MSCs generation practices for use in basic research and clinical therapies.
authors: College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, Peoples Republic of China.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine (BIRM), Beijing, Peoples Republic of China.
authors: Yan-Qi
authors: YQ
authors: Li
authors: Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, Beijing, Peoples Republic of China.
authors: Hong-Yi
authors: HY
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, Beijing, Peoples Republic of China.
authors: Yan-Ju
authors: YJ
authors: Li
authors: Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine (BIRM), Beijing, Peoples Republic of China.
authors: Guang-Yang
authors: GY
authors: Liu
authors: Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, Beijing, Peoples Republic of China.
authors: Xiao
authors: X
authors: Xu
authors: Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine (BIRM), Beijing, Peoples Republic of China.
authors: Xiao-Bing
authors: XB
authors: Wu
authors: Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine (BIRM), Beijing, Peoples Republic of China.
authors: Yong-Guang
authors: YG
authors: Jing
authors: Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine (BIRM), Beijing, Peoples Republic of China.
authors: Yao
authors: Y
authors: Yao
authors: College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, Peoples Republic of China; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine (BIRM), Beijing, Peoples Republic of China.
authors: Chu-Tse
authors: CT
authors: Wu
authors: College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, Peoples Republic of China; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine (BIRM), Beijing, Peoples Republic of China. Electronic address: jinjide505@163.com.
authors: Ji-De
authors: JD
authors: Jin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002417:Cattle; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000187:drug effects*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D044967:Serum; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000166:cytology; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; D003470:Culture Media; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D001616:beta-Galactosidase
keywords: calf serum; fetal bovine serum; human umbilical cord–derived mesenchymal stromal cells; replicative senescence