title: Two different approaches for novel extracapsular cranial cruciate ligament reconstruction: an in vitro kinematics study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the best combination of isometric points with the best kinematic results between two different approaches of TightRope® cranial cruciate ligament reconstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cranial drawer, cranial tibial thrust, internal/external, range of motion and varus/valgus tests were passively performed in different stifle conditions: cranial cruciate ligament-intact/deficient, after F2-T2/F2-T3 TR reconstruction at 22-44-99 N of tension. Data were acquired by a custom-made navigation system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cranial drawer test showed recovery of laxity only at 99 N in both approaches. Significant laxity reduction (cranial tibial thrust) was present at only the F2-T2 point. Differences were noted in internal/external and varus/valgus rotation between the cranial cruciate ligament-intact and TightRope® stifles at all of the implant tensions. The range of motion underlined significantly lower laxity values following the F2-T2/F2-T3 reconstruction at all of the evaluated implant tensions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The best isometric site was at the F2-T2 point, however significant differences in the amount of laxity between the two techniques were limited to the cranial tibial thrust and internal/external test. The F2-T2 technique was the best consideration for clinical application because it is relatively easy to perform, repeatable and results in good stifle stability with low morbidity and complications.
authors: Centro Veterinario Luni Mare, Ortonovo (SP), Italy.|Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Cinti
authors: Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratorio di Biomeccanica e Innovazione Tecnologica, Bologna (BO), Italy.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Signorelli
authors: Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratorio di Biomeccanica e Innovazione Tecnologica, Bologna (BO), Italy.|Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratorio di NanoBiotecnologie-NaBi, Bologna (BO), Italy.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Lopomo
authors: Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratorio di Biomeccanica e Innovazione Tecnologica, Bologna (BO), Italy.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Baracchi
authors: Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Del Magno
authors: Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Foglia
authors: Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratorio di Biomeccanica e Innovazione Tecnologica, Bologna (BO), Italy.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Zaffagnini
authors: Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Pisoni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002102:Cadaver; D004285:Dogs / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D013264:Stifle / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D013536:Suture Techniques / Q000662:veterinary