title: Nonmotor symptoms in healthy Ashkenazi Jewish carriers of the G2019S mutation in the LRRK2 gene.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The asymptomatic carriers of the Leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) G2019S mutation represent a population at risk for developing PD. The aim of this study was to assess differences in nonmotor symptoms between nonmanifesting carriers and noncarriers of the G2019S mutation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred fifty-three subjects participated in this observational cross-sectional multicenter study. Standard questionnaires assessing anxiety, depression, cognition, smell, nonmotor symptoms, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior were administered. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, family relations, education, and site.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred thirty-four carriers were identified. Carriers had higher nonmotor symptoms score on the Nonmotor symptoms (NMS) questionnaire (P = 0.02). These findings were amplified in carriers older than age 50 y, with higher nonmotor symptoms scores and trait anxiety scores (P < 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this cross-section study, carriers of the G2019S LRRK2 mutation endorsed subtle nonmotor symptoms. Whether these are early features of PD will require a longitudinal study. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
authors: Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Israel.
authors: Anat
authors: A
authors: Mirelman
authors: College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.|Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors: Roy N
authors: RN
authors: Alcalay
authors: The Alan and Barbara Mirken Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai-Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.|Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
authors: Rachel
authors: R
authors: Saunders-Pullman
authors: Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Israel.
authors: Kira
authors: K
authors: Yasinovsky
authors: Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Israel.
authors: Avner
authors: A
authors: Thaler
authors: Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Israel.|Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors: Tanya
authors: T
authors: Gurevich
authors: College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors: Helen
authors: H
authors: Mejia-Santana
authors: The Alan and Barbara Mirken Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai-Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors: Deborah
authors: D
authors: Raymond
authors: Genetics Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel.
authors: Mali
authors: M
authors: Gana-Weisz
authors: Genetics Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel.
authors: Anat
authors: A
authors: Bar-Shira
authors: Departments of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors: Laurie
authors: L
authors: Ozelius
authors: Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.|Center for Human Genetics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors: Lorraine
authors: L
authors: Clark
authors: Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.|Genetics Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel.
authors: Avi
authors: A
authors: Orr-Urtreger
authors: The Alan and Barbara Mirken Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai-Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.|Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
authors: Susan
authors: S
authors: Bressman
authors: College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.|Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors: Karen
authors: K
authors: Marder
authors: Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Israel.|Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.|Sieratzki Chair in Neurology, Tel-Aviv University, New York, NY, USA.
authors: Nir
authors: N
authors: Giladi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D007585:Jews / Q000235:genetics*; D000071158:Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D062706:Prodromal Symptoms; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C495280:LRRK2 protein, human; D000071158:Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
keywords: LRRK2; Non-manifesting carriers; Parkinson's disease; prodromal