title: Mother's pre-pregnancy BMI is an important determinant of adverse cardiometabolic risk in childhood.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Maternal adiposity is associated with poor offspring cardiometabolic health. We aimed to evaluate the relationship of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) on the BMI, body composition and cardiometabolic characteristics of the offspring.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty offspring of overweight/obese mothers (O-OW) and 28 offspring of normal weight mothers (O-NW) underwent evaluation of body composition, abdominal fat distribution, blood pressure measurement, fasting lipids and an oral glucose tolerance test. The anthropometric and cardiometabolic characteristics of O-OW were compared with those of O-NW, and the relationship to maternal BMI was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects (mean age: 12.6 ± 0.4, female: 52.9%) had similar gestational age, birth weight, age, gender, and Tanner stage. However, O-OW had a significantly higher BMI (24.4 ± 1.2 vs. 19.7 ± 0.8 kg/m(2) , p = 0.001), % body fat (31.7 ± 1.6 vs. 24.6 ± 1.1%, p < 0.001), visceral fat (41.9 ± 4.7 vs. 26.1 ± 3.9 cm(2) , p = 0.012) with no difference in lean body mass compared with O-NW. O-OW had lower whole body insulin sensitivity index (WBISI) with an adverse cardiovascular disease risk profile [higher blood pressure (BP), triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio, hs-C-reactive protein (CRP) and lower HDL]. In addition to offspring's %body fat (β = -0.60, p < 0.001), maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (β = -0.19, p = 0.046) contributed significantly and independently to the offspring's WBISI (R(2) =0.55, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High pre-pregnancy BMI is an important contributor to excess adiposity, insulin resistance, and cardiometabolic disease risk in the offspring during childhood.
authors: Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
authors: Hong Chang
authors: HC
authors: Tan
authors: Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.|Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.|Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors: James
authors: J
authors: Roberts
authors: Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.|Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors: Janet
authors: J
authors: Catov
authors: Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
authors: Ramkumar
authors: R
authors: Krishnamurthy
authors: Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
authors: Roman
authors: R
authors: Shypailo
authors: Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
authors: Fida
authors: F
authors: Bacha
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D010414:Pennsylvania / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D013781:Texas / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: cardiometabolic risk; early childhood risk factors of metabolic disease; in utero programming; insulin resistance; maternal obesity