title: Multiple biomarkers of biological effects induced by cadmium in clam Ruditapes philippinarum.
abstract: Cadmium (Cd) is a known heavy metal pollutant in the Bohai Sea. Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum is an important fishery species along the Bohai coast. In this study, the biological effects induced by two concentrations (20 and 200 μg/L) of Cd were characterized using multiple biochemical indices in the digestive glands of clam R. philippinarum. The total hemocyte counts, reactive oxygen species productions and antioxidant enzyme activities exhibited that Cd induced dose-dependent immune and oxidative stresses in clam digestive glands. Metabolic responses indicated that both Cd exposures caused immune stress marked by the elevated branched chain amino acids (valine, leucine and isoleucine), together with the disturbance in energy metabolism. The differential metabolic biomarkers related to osmotic stress, including homarine, betaine, tyrosine and phenylalanine, suggested the differential responsive mechanisms in clam digestive glands induced by Cd exposures. In addition, both Cd treatments enhanced the anaerobiosis metabolism in clam digestive glands via differential metabolic pathways.
authors: Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China.
authors: Chenglong
authors: C
authors: Ji
authors: Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China. Electronic address: hfwu@yic.ac.cn.
authors: Huifeng
authors: H
authors: Wu
authors: Environment College, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, PR China.
authors: Mo
authors: M
authors: Zhou
authors: Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China.
authors: Jianmin
authors: J
authors: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000597:Amino Acids, Branched-Chain / Q000378:metabolism; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D061006:Bays; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D002681:China; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009997:Osmotic Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000597:Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; D015415:Biomarkers; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002104:Cadmium
keywords: Biological effects; Cadmium; Metabolomics; Ruditapes philippinarum