title: Evidence for prostaglandin E2 receptor expression in the intramural ganglia of the guinea pig urinary bladder.
abstract: Intramural ganglia are present in the bladder wall of several species including human, pig, and guinea-pig. It has been suggested that there is a network of intramural ganglia in the bladder of these species that may be part of a motor-sensory system and receive afferent input. Prostaglandins (PG) have been suggested to play a role in this afferent signalling mechanism. To investigate the distribution of the prostaglandin E2 receptors EP1 and EP2 in and around intramural ganglia of the guinea pig, bladders of 6 guinea pigs were dissected, and processed for immunohistochemistry. Sections were examined for prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1- and EP2-immuno-reactivity and co-stained for vimentin, a marker for interstitial cells (IC) and cyclo-oxygenase 1 (COX I), the enzyme responsible for PG synthesis. Immunoreactivities for EP1 and EP2 were found in intramural ganglion cells. These cells were observed in between muscle bundles and on, or close to the serosal surface of the bladder. Furthermore, COX I was present in interstitial cells close to ganglion cells, indicating the possibility of a local synthesis of prostaglandins near the ganglia. The co-staining of EP1 or EP2 with vimentin showed that processes of interstitial cells run through the ganglia, often encircling or ensheathing cells. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a close relationship between the intramural ganglia and the network of interstitial cells in the muscular layers of the bladder. EP1 and EP2 receptors are expressed on the ganglia and this arrangement suggests that intramural ganglia are involved in (pre)processing afferent information.
authors: Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC(+)), Urology Department, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: Sajjad_r@yahoo.com.
authors: Mohammad S
authors: MS
authors: Rahnama'i
authors: European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors: Ramona
authors: R
authors: Hohnen
authors: Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC(+)), Urology Department, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors: Philip E V
authors: PE
authors: van Kerrebroeck
authors: Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC(+)), Urology Department, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors: Gommert A
authors: GA
authors: van Koeveringe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D005724:Ganglia / Q000378:metabolism*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D058306:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype / Q000096:biosynthesis; D058307:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011453:Prostaglandins; D058306:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype; D058307:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1
keywords: Bladder; EP1; EP2; Ganglion; Neuromodulation; Prostaglandin