title: [Non-muscle-invasive high-grade bladder cancer].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer with a low-grade differentiation represents a special challenge.
  
  
  METHODS
  Although urine cytology is still the most reliable and effective urine-based marker and there are no substantial novel aspects in this field, photodynamic diagnostics have the most important value in transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB) of high-grade T1 tumors and new techniques, such as hybrid knife TURB are coming up. The histopathological assessment of T1 tumors can be supplemented by a description of the exact penetration depth, so-called substaging and the invasion pattern.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intravesicle therapy with Bacillus Calmette-Guèrin (BCG) represents the gold standard and a pillar of bladder-preserving therapy and should be planned as maintenance therapy for at least 1 year. With the right risk constellation cystectomy is a safe and proven concept for high-grade bladder cancer, even without proof of muscle invasion.
authors: Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Gakis
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Stenzl
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Horn
authors: J E
authors: JE
authors: Gschwend
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Otto
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Burger
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D019042:Muscle Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D001500:BCG Vaccine