title: Non-aqueous glycerol monolaurate gel exhibits antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Skin and surgical infections due to Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii are causes of patient morbidity and increased healthcare costs. These organisms grow planktonically and as biofilms, and many strains exhibit antibiotic resistance. This study examines the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of glycerol monolaurate (GML), as solubilized in a non-aqueous vehicle (5% GML Gel), as a novel, broadly-active topical antimicrobial. The FDA has designated GML as generally recognized as safe for human use, and the compound is commonly used in the cosmetic and food industries.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro, bacterial strains in broths and biofilms were exposed to GML Gel, and effects on bacterial colony-forming units (CFUs) were assessed. In vivo,subcutaneous incisions were made in New Zealand white rabbits; the incisions were closed with four sutures. Bacterial strains were painted onto the incision sites, and then GML Gel or placebo was liberally applied to cover the sites completely. Rabbits were allowed to awaken and were examined for CFUs as a function of exposure time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro, GML Gel was bactericidal for all broth culture and biofilm organisms in <1 hour and <4 hour, respectively; no CFUs were detected after the entire 24 h test period. In vivo, GML Gel inhibited bacterial growth in the surgical incision sites, compared to no growth inhibition in controls. GML Gel significantly reduced inflammation, as viewed by lack of redness in and below the incision sites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that 5% GML Gel is useful as a potent topical antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent for prevention of infections.
authors: Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States of America.
authors: Elizabeth A
authors: EA
authors: Mueller
authors: Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States of America.
authors: Patrick M
authors: PM
authors: Schlievert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D005782:Gels; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D007848:Laurates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050178:Monoglycerides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011817:Rabbits; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005782:Gels; D007848:Laurates; D050178:Monoglycerides; C020777:monolaurin