title: Crystal structures of the kinase domain of the sulfate-activating complex in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
abstract: In Mycobacterium tuberculosis the sulfate activating complex provides a key branching point in sulfate assimilation. The complex consists of two polypeptide chains, CysD and CysN. CysD is an ATP sulfurylase that, with the energy provided by the GTPase activity of CysN, forms adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (APS) which can then enter the reductive branch of sulfate assimilation leading to the biosynthesis of cysteine. The CysN polypeptide chain also contains an APS kinase domain (CysC) that phosphorylates APS leading to 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate, the sulfate donor in the synthesis of sulfolipids. We have determined the crystal structures of CysC from M. tuberculosis as a binary complex with ADP, and as ternary complexes with ADP and APS and the ATP mimic AMP-PNP and APS, respectively, to resolutions of 1.5 Å, 2.1 Å and 1.7 Å, respectively. CysC shows the typical APS kinase fold, and the structures provide comprehensive views of the catalytic machinery, conserved in this enzyme family. Comparison to the structure of the human homolog show highly conserved APS and ATP binding sites, questioning the feasibility of the design of specific inhibitors of mycobacterial CysC. Residue Cys556 is part of the flexible lid region that closes off the active site upon substrate binding. Mutational analysis revealed this residue as one of the determinants controlling lid closure and hence binding of the nucleotide substrate.
authors: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Ömer
authors: Ö
authors: Poyraz
authors: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Katharina
authors: K
authors: Brunner
authors: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Bernhard
authors: B
authors: Lohkamp
authors: Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory Stockholm, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Hanna
authors: H
authors: Axelsson
authors: Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory Stockholm, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Lars G J
authors: LG
authors: Hammarström
authors: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Schnell
authors: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Gunter
authors: G
authors: Schneider
mesh_terms: D000250:Adenosine Phosphosulfate / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D010724:Phosphoadenosine Phosphosulfate / Q000378:metabolism; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013430:Sulfate Adenylyltransferase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013431:Sulfates / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009711:Nucleotides; D010455:Peptides; D013431:Sulfates; D010724:Phosphoadenosine Phosphosulfate; D000250:Adenosine Phosphosulfate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); C019617:adenylylsulfate kinase; D013430:Sulfate Adenylyltransferase