title: Lack of in vitro-in vivo correlation for a UC781-releasing vaginal ring in macaques.
abstract: This study describes the preclinical development of a matrix-type silicone elastomer vaginal ring device designed to provide controlled release of UC781, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Testing of both human- and macaque-sized rings in a sink condition in vitro release model demonstrated continuous UC781 release in quantities considered sufficient to maintain vaginal fluid concentrations at levels 82-860-fold higher than the in vitro IC50 (2.0 to 10.4 nM) and therefore potentially protect against mucosal transmission of HIV. The 100-mg UC781 rings were well tolerated in pig-tailed macaques, did not induce local inflammation as determined by cytokine analysis and maintained median concentrations in vaginal fluids of UC781 in the range of 0.27 to 5.18 mM during the course of the 28-day study. Analysis of residual UC781 content in rings after completion of both the in vitro release and macaque pharmacokinetic studies revealed that 57 and 5 mg of UC781 was released, respectively. The pharmacokinetic analysis of a 100-mg UC781 vaginal ring in pig-tailed macaques showed poor in vivo-in vitro correlation, attributed to the very poor solubility of UC781 in vaginal fluid and resulting in a dissolution-controlled drug release mechanism rather than the expected diffusion-controlled mechanism.
authors: School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK, C.Mcconville@wlv.ac.uk.
authors: Christopher
authors: C
authors: McConville
authors: James M
authors: JM
authors: Smith
authors: Clare F
authors: CF
authors: McCoy
authors: Priya
authors: P
authors: Srinivasan
authors: James
authors: J
authors: Mitchell
authors: Angela
authors: A
authors: Holder
authors: Ron A
authors: RA
authors: Otten
authors: Salvatore
authors: S
authors: Butera
authors: Gustavo F
authors: GF
authors: Doncel
authors: David R
authors: DR
authors: Friend
authors: R Karl
authors: RK
authors: Malcolm
mesh_terms: D000813:Anilides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D003274:Contraceptive Devices, Female; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D065546:Drug Liberation; D005260:Female; D005663:Furans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D008251:Macaca; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D012995:Solubility; D013854:Thioamides; D014621:Vagina / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000813:Anilides; D016207:Cytokines; D005663:Furans; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D013854:Thioamides; C100668:UC-781