title: White matter microstructure abnormalities in pediatric migraine patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diffusion tensor (DT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides several quantities with the potential to disclose white matter (WM) microstructural abnormalities. We explored alterations of WM architecture in pediatric migraine patients using DT MRI and two different methods of analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dual-echo and DT MRI scans were acquired from 15 pediatric migraine patients and 15 age-matched controls. Whole-brain voxel-wise comparisons of WM DT MRI abnormalities were performed using tract-based-spatial-statistics (TBSS). A DT probabilistic tractography analysis was also run.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both TBSS and DT tractography analysis showed that, compared to controls, pediatric migraine patients had significant lower mean (MD), axial (AD) and radial (RD) diffusivity of WM tracts located in the brainstem, thalamus and fronto-temporo-occipital lobes, bilaterally. Patients also experienced increased fractional anisotropy (FA) of the optic radiations. No correlation was found between WM tract abnormalities and disease duration and attack frequency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pediatric migraine patients harbor diffuse brain WM microstructural abnormalities. High FA and low MD, AD and RD in these patients might be explained by repeated neuronal activation, which may lead to cell swelling and stimulate activity-dependent myelin-modulation, or by increased fiber and dendritic densities. Both these mechanisms might reflect a hyperexcitability of the brain in migraineurs.
authors: Neuroimaging Research Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
authors: Roberta
authors: R
authors: Messina
authors: Neuroimaging Research Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
authors: Maria A
authors: MA
authors: Rocca
authors: Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
authors: Bruno
authors: B
authors: Colombo
authors: Neuroimaging Research Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
authors: Elisabetta
authors: E
authors: Pagani
authors: Department of Neuroradiology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Italy.
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Falini
authors: Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
authors: Giancarlo
authors: G
authors: Comi
authors: Neuroimaging Research Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy filippi.massimo@hsr.it.
authors: Massimo
authors: M
authors: Filippi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D066127:White Matter / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Migraine; diffusion tensor MRI; pediatric migraine; white matter damage