title: Antibacterial Activity of Some Plant Extracts Against Extended- Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli Isolates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) -producing Escherichia coli isolates make many serious infections, especially urinary tract infections.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activities of some natural plant extracts against ESBL-producing E. coli isolates, which harbor the TEM gene in urine samples of the patients who have urinary tract infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Evaluation has to be exactly determined for both methods of disk diffusion test and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), separately. We evaluated 120 strains of E. coli isolates from the urine culture of the patients in Boo-Ali Hospital (Zahedan, south-eastern Iran) who were suffering from urinary tract infections. The ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were evaluated by disk diffusion test and PCR through TEM gene detection. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of commonly used antibiotics including ceftazidime, ceftriaxon, amikacin, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin along with the MIC of the alcoholic extract of different natural plants including Myrtus communis L (Myrtaceae), Amaranthus retraflexus (Amaranthaceae), Cyminum cuminum L (Apiaceae), Marrubium vulgare (Laminaceae) and Peganum. harmala (Zygrophyllaceae) against the ESBL-producing E. coli isolates, which harbor the TEM genes, were determined using the microdulition method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results of this study showed that in disk diffusion method, 80 samples of E. coli produced ESBLs. In PCR method, the TEM gene distribution in the isolated ESBL-producing organisms was 50 (41.6%). Amikacin was the most effective anti-bacterial agent and ciprofloxacin was the least effective against E. coli isolates. All the natural plant extracts mentioned above, especially P. harmala, were effective against the selected isolates of ESBL-producing E. coli. The most frequent ESBL rate producing E. coli isolates (32 out of 50) had MIC of 2.5 mg/mL in ethanol extract of P. harmala.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The alcoholic extract of P. harmala was very effective against the selected ESBL-producing E. coli isolates harboring the TEM gene. Therefore, it could be suggested as an antibacterial agent in the future. More researches are necessary for detecting the mechanism of this plant's behavior and its pharmacological effects.
authors: Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Zabol University, Zabol, IR Iran.
authors: Saeide
authors: S
authors: Saeidi
authors: Department of Microbiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, IR Iran.
authors: Negar
authors: N
authors: Amini Boroujeni
authors: Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Zabol University, Zabol, IR Iran.
authors: Hassan
authors: H
authors: Ahmadi
authors: Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, IR Iran.
authors: Mehdi
authors: M
authors: Hassanshahian
keywords: Escherichia coli; Plant Extract; Urinary Tract