title: Reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in osteoclastogenesis, skeletal aging and bone diseases.
abstract: Osteoclasts are cells derived from bone marrow macrophages and are important in regulating bone resorption during bone homeostasis. Understanding what drives osteoclast differentiation and activity is important when studying diseases characterized by heightened bone resorption relative to formation, such as osteoporosis. In the last decade, studies have indicated that reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, are crucial components that regulate the differentiation process of osteoclasts. However, there are still many unanswered questions that remain. This review will examine the mechanisms by which ROS can be produced in osteoclasts as well as how it may affect osteoclast differentiation and activity through its actions on osteoclastogenesis signaling pathways. In addition, the contribution of ROS to the aging-associated disease of osteoporosis will be addressed and how targeting ROS may lead to the development of novel therapeutic treatment options.
authors: Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA.
authors: Danielle A
authors: DA
authors: Callaway
authors: Jean X
authors: JX
authors: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D001862:Bone Resorption; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000737:chemistry; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000378:metabolism; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D053245:RANK Ligand; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013481:Superoxides; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D002118:Calcium