title: Resilience and corpus callosum microstructure in adolescence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Resilience is the capacity of individuals to resist mental disorders despite exposure to stress. Little is known about its neural underpinnings. The putative variation of white-matter microstructure with resilience in adolescence, a critical period for brain maturation and onset of high-prevalence mental disorders, has not been assessed by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Lower fractional anisotropy (FA) though, has been reported in the corpus callosum (CC), the brain's largest white-matter structure, in psychiatric and stress-related conditions. We hypothesized that higher FA in the CC would characterize stress-resilient adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three groups of adolescents recruited from the community were compared: resilient with low risk of mental disorder despite high exposure to lifetime stress (n = 55), at-risk of mental disorder exposed to the same level of stress (n = 68), and controls (n = 123). Personality was assessed by the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Voxelwise statistics of DTI values in CC were obtained using tract-based spatial statistics. Regional projections were identified by probabilistic tractography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher FA values were detected in the anterior CC of resilient compared to both non-resilient and control adolescents. FA values varied according to resilience capacity. Seed regional changes in anterior CC projected onto anterior cingulate and frontal cortex. Neuroticism and three other NEO-FFI factor scores differentiated non-resilient participants from the other two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High FA was detected in resilient adolescents in an anterior CC region projecting to frontal areas subserving cognitive resources. Psychiatric risk was associated with personality characteristics. Resilience in adolescence may be related to white-matter microstructure.
authors: INSERM,UMR 1000,Research unit Imaging and Psychiatry,Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot,Orsay,France.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Galinowski
authors: INSERM,UMR 1000,Research unit Imaging and Psychiatry,Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot,Orsay,France.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Miranda
authors: INSERM,UMR 1000,Research unit Imaging and Psychiatry,Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot,Orsay,France.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Lemaitre
authors: INSERM,UMR 1000,Research unit Imaging and Psychiatry,Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot,Orsay,France.
authors: M-L
authors: ML
authors: Paillère Martinot
authors: INSERM,UMR 1000,Research unit Imaging and Psychiatry,Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot,Orsay,France.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Artiges
authors: INSERM,UMR 1000,Research unit Imaging and Psychiatry,Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot,Orsay,France.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Vulser
authors: King's College, London Institute of Psychiatry,London,UK.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Goodman
authors: Psychiatry Department,University of Tampere,School of Medicine, Tampere,Finland.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Penttilä
authors: Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience,Central Institute of Mental Health,Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University,Germany.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Struve
authors: Neurospin,Saclay,France.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Barbot
authors: Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf,Hamburg,Germany.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Fadai
authors: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Central Institute of Mental Health,Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University,Germany.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Poustka
authors: King's College, London Institute of Psychiatry,London,UK.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Conrod
authors: Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience,Central Institute of Mental Health,Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University,Germany.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Banaschewski
authors: King's College, London Institute of Psychiatry,London,UK.
authors: G J
authors: GJ
authors: Barker
authors: Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry,School of Medicine,Trinity College Dublin,Dublin,Ireland.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Bokde
authors: Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf,Hamburg,Germany.
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Bromberg
authors: Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf,Hamburg,Germany.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Büchel
authors: Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience,Central Institute of Mental Health,Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University,Germany.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Flor
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Campus Charité Mitte,Charité-Universitätsmedizin,Berlin,Germany.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Gallinat
authors: Institute of Neuroscience,Trinity College Dublin,Dublin,Ireland.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Garavan
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Campus Charité Mitte,Charité-Universitätsmedizin,Berlin,Germany.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Heinz
authors: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB),Braunschweig und Berlin,Germany.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Ittermann
authors: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy,Charité-Universitätsmedizin,Berlin,Germany.
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Kappel
authors: School of Psychology,University of Nottingham,UK.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Lawrence
authors: King's College, London Institute of Psychiatry,London,UK.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Loth
authors: Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience,Central Institute of Mental Health,Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University,Germany.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Mann
authors: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Central Institute of Mental Health,Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University,Germany.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Nees
authors: School of Psychology,University of Nottingham,UK.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Paus
authors: Department of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences,The Hospital for Sick Children,University of Toronto,Toronto, ONT,Canada.
authors: Z
authors: Z
authors: Pausova
authors: Neurospin,Saclay,France.
authors: J-B
authors: JB
authors: Poline
authors: Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience,Central Institute of Mental Health,Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University,Germany.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Rietschel
authors: Department of Experimental Psychology,Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute,University of Cambridge,UK.
authors: T W
authors: TW
authors: Robbins
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Technische Universität Dresden,Germany.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Smolka
authors: King's College, London Institute of Psychiatry,London,UK.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Schumann
authors: INSERM,UMR 1000,Research unit Imaging and Psychiatry,Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot,Orsay,France.
authors: J-L
authors: JL
authors: Martinot
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016880:Anisotropy; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010552:Personality Assessment; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D066127:White Matter / Q000648:ultrastructure*
keywords: Adolescence; DAWBA; DTI; NEO-FFI; corpus callosum; resilience; tractography