title: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles exacerbate pneumonia in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-infected mice.
abstract: To reveal the effects of TiO2 nanoparticles, used in cosmetics and building materials, on the immune response, a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection mouse model was used. BALB/c mice were exposed once intranasally to TiO2 at 0.5mg/kg and infected intranasally with RSV five days later. The levels of IFN-γ and chemokine CCL5, representative markers of pneumonia, in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of RSV-infected mice had increased significantly in TiO2-exposed mice compared with the control on day 5 post-infection, but not in uninfected mice. While pulmonary viral titers were not affected by TiO2 exposure, an increase in the infiltration of lymphocytes into the alveolar septa in lung tissues was observed. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed aggregation of TiO2 nanoparticles near inflammatory cells in the severely affected region. Thus, a single exposure to TiO2 nanoparticles affected the immune system and exacerbated pneumonia in RSV-infected mice.
authors: Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, 1714-1 Yoshino, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 882-8508, Japan.
authors: Seiko
authors: S
authors: Hashiguchi
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, 1714-1 Yoshino, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 882-8508, Japan.
authors: Hiroki
authors: H
authors: Yoshida
authors: Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, 1714-1 Yoshino, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 882-8508, Japan.
authors: Toshi
authors: T
authors: Akashi
authors: Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, 1714-1 Yoshino, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 882-8508, Japan.
authors: Keiji
authors: K
authors: Komemoto
authors: Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, 1714-1 Yoshino, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 882-8508, Japan.
authors: Tomoyuki
authors: T
authors: Ueda
authors: Division of Environmental Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.
authors: Yoshiaki
authors: Y
authors: Ikarashi
authors: Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, 1714-1 Yoshino, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 882-8508, Japan.
authors: Aki
authors: A
authors: Miyauchi
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, 1714-1 Yoshino, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 882-8508, Japan.
authors: Katsuhiko
authors: K
authors: Konno
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, 1714-1 Yoshino, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 882-8508, Japan.
authors: Sayoko
authors: S
authors: Yamanaka
authors: Division of Risk Assessment, Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.
authors: Akihiko
authors: A
authors: Hirose
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, 1714-1 Yoshino, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 882-8508, Japan.
authors: Masahiko
authors: M
authors: Kurokawa
authors: Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, 1714-1 Yoshino, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 882-8508, Japan. Electronic address: w_watal@phoenix.ac.jp.
authors: Wataru
authors: W
authors: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D012136:Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014025:Titanium / Q000633:toxicity*; D019562:Viral Load; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D014764:Viral Proteins; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Nanoparticles; Pneumonia; Respiratory syncytial virus; Titanium dioxide