title: Accuracy of computerized vertical measurements on digital orthopantomographs: posterior mandibular region.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Orthopantomographs are commonly used for diagnosis in clinical dentistry. Although the manufacturers claim a constant magnification effect, the reliability of measuring dimensions on the panoramic radiographs is not clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of measuring vertical dimensions in the posterior mandibular area on digital orthopantomographs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective survey of 20 orthopantomographs with unrestored implants (only with cover screw) in the mandibular posterior region (molars and premolars) was conducted. All radiographs were taken using the same machine by skilled technicians. Two examiners were asked to measure the vertical dimension of the implants seen on the radiographs viewed using two differently sized display screens. Inter-examiner and intra-examiner reliability tests were performed. Differences between the measured length and the actual length using each screen type were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High coefficients of reliability were observed on intra- and inter-examiner correlation. The overall reliability of measuring the vertical dimensions of implants between both examiners for the large screen and the small screen were 97.4% (Cronbach's alpha 0.993) and 94.0% (Cronbach's alpha 0.984), respectively. There were no significant differences between the errors seen with either the large screen or the small screen, when each of them was compared to the original length (P = 0.146).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that vertical dimensions in the posterior mandibular region (molar and premolars) can be reliably measured on an orthopantomograph using a calibrated machine and special software.
authors: Department of Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine ; Alpha Clinic, Private Practice Limited to Periodontology and Dental Implants, Ramallah, Palestine.
authors: Mohammad
authors: M
authors: Assaf
authors: Alpha Clinic, Private Practice Limited to Periodontology and Dental Implants, Ramallah, Palestine.
authors: Alaa' Z Abu
authors: AZ
authors: Gharbyah
keywords: Digital panoramic radiograph; implant length; orthopantomographs; posterior mandible; vertical measurements