title: The fine-scale genetic structure of the British population.
abstract: Fine-scale genetic variation between human populations is interesting as a signature of historical demographic events and because of its potential for confounding disease studies. We use haplotype-based statistical methods to analyse genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from a carefully chosen geographically diverse sample of 2,039 individuals from the United Kingdom. This reveals a rich and detailed pattern of genetic differentiation with remarkable concordance between genetic clusters and geography. The regional genetic differentiation and differing patterns of shared ancestry with 6,209 individuals from across Europe carry clear signals of historical demographic events. We estimate the genetic contribution to southeastern England from Anglo-Saxon migrations to be under half, and identify the regions not carrying genetic material from these migrations. We suggest significant pre-Roman but post-Mesolithic movement into southeastern England from continental Europe, and show that in non-Saxon parts of the United Kingdom, there exist genetically differentiated subgroups rather than a general 'Celtic' population.
authors: Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.|University of Melbourne, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
authors: Stephen
authors: S
authors: Leslie
authors: University of Oxford, Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
authors: Bruce
authors: B
authors: Winney
authors: University College London Genetics Institute, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
authors: Garrett
authors: G
authors: Hellenthal
authors: Counsyl, Inc. 180 Kimball Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
authors: Dan
authors: D
authors: Davison
authors: University of Oxford, Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
authors: Abdelhamid
authors: A
authors: Boumertit
authors: University of Oxford, Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
authors: Tammy
authors: T
authors: Day
authors: University of Oxford, Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
authors: Katarzyna
authors: K
authors: Hutnik
authors: University of Oxford, Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
authors: Ellen C
authors: EC
authors: Royrvik
authors: University of Oxford, Institute of Archaeology, 36 Beaumont Street, Oxford, OX1 2PG, UK.
authors: Barry
authors: B
authors: Cunliffe
authors: University of Bristol, Department of Mathematics, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TW, UK.
authors: Daniel J
authors: DJ
authors: Lawson
authors: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Falush
authors: The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
authors: Colin
authors: C
authors: Freeman
authors: University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.
authors: Matti
authors: M
authors: Pirinen
authors: University of Oxford, Department of Statistics, 1 South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3TG, UK.
authors: Simon
authors: S
authors: Myers
authors: University of Oxford, University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PW, UK.
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Robinson
authors: The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.|University of Oxford, Department of Statistics, 1 South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3TG, UK.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Donnelly
authors: University of Oxford, Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
authors: Walter
authors: W
authors: Bodmer
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D005828:Genetics, Population; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000208:ethnology; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics