title: Analysis of world economic variables using multidimensional scaling.
abstract: Waves of globalization reflect the historical technical progress and modern economic growth. The dynamics of this process are here approached using the multidimensional scaling (MDS) methodology to analyze the evolution of GDP per capita, international trade openness, life expectancy, and education tertiary enrollment in 14 countries. MDS provides the appropriate theoretical concepts and the exact mathematical tools to describe the joint evolution of these indicators of economic growth, globalization, welfare and human development of the world economy from 1977 up to 2012. The polarization dance of countries enlightens the convergence paths, potential warfare and present-day rivalries in the global geopolitical scene.
authors: Institute of Engineering, Polytechnic of Porto, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Porto, Portugal.
authors: J A Tenreiro
authors: JA
authors: Machado
authors: Nova SBE, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Economia, Campus de Campolide, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors: Maria Eugénia
authors: ME
authors: Mata
mesh_terms: D004467:Economics; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D008962:Models, Theoretical