title: Technological advances in hybrid imaging and impact on dose.
abstract: New imaging technologies utilising X-rays and radiopharmaceuticals have developed rapidly. Clinical application of computed tomography (CT) has revolutionised medical imaging and plays an enormous role in medical care. Due to technical improvements, spatial, contrast and temporal resolutions have continuously improved. In spite of significant reduction of CT doses during recent years, CT is still a dominating source of radiation exposure to the population. Combinations with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) and especially the use of SPECT/CT and PET/CT, provide important additional information about physiology as well as cellular and molecular events. However, significant dose contributions from SPECT and PET occur, making PET/CT and SPECT/CT truly high dose procedures. More research should be done to find optimal activities of radiopharmaceuticals for various patient groups and investigations. The implementation of simple protocol adjustments, including individually based administration, encouraged hydration, forced diuresis and use of optimised voiding intervals, laxatives, etc., can reduce the radiation exposure to the patients. New data about staff doses to fingers, hands and eye lenses indicate that finger doses could be a problem, but not doses to the eye lenses and to the whole body.
authors: Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö SE-205 02, Sweden soren.mattsson@med.lu.se.
authors: Sören
authors: S
authors: Mattsson
authors: Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö SE-205 02, Sweden.
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Andersson
authors: Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö SE-205 02, Sweden.
authors: Marcus
authors: M
authors: Söderberg
mesh_terms: D005385:Fingers / Q000528:radiation effects; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006225:Hand / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000528:radiation effects; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000639:trends*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000009:adverse effects; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000379:methods*; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000009:adverse effects; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000009:adverse effects; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18