title: A mathematical model of the carp heart ventricle during the cardiac cycle.
abstract: The poikilothermic heart has been suggested as a model for studying some of the mechanisms of early postnatal mammalian heart adaptations. We assessed morphological parameters of the carp heart (Cyprinus carpio L.) with diastolic dimensions: heart radius (5.73mm), thickness of the compact (0.50mm) and spongy myocardium (4.34mm), in two conditions (systole, diastole): volume fraction of the compact myocardium (20.7% systole, 19.6% diastole), spongy myocardium (58.9% systole, 62.8% diastole), trabeculae (37.8% systole, 28.6% diastole), and cavities (41.5% systole, 51.9% diastole) within the ventricle; volume fraction of the trabeculae (64.1% systole, 45.5% diastole) and sinuses (35.9% systole, 54.5% diastole) within the spongy myocardium; ratio between the volume of compact and spongy myocardium (0.35 systole, 0.31 diastole); ratio between compact myocardium and trabeculae (0.55 systole, 0.69 diastole); and surface density of the trabeculae (0.095μm(-1) systole, 0.147μm(-1) diastole). We created a mathematical model of the carp heart based on actual morphometric data to simulate how the compact/spongy myocardium ratio, the permeability of the spongy myocardium, and sinus-trabeculae volume fractions within the spongy myocardium influence stroke volume, stroke work, ejection fraction and p-V diagram. Increasing permeability led to increasing and then decreasing stroke volume and work, and increasing ejection fraction. An increased amount of spongy myocardium led to an increased stroke volume, work, and ejection fraction. Varying sinus-trabeculae volume fractions within the spongy myocardium showed that an increased sinus volume fraction led to an increased stroke volume and work, and a decreased ejection fraction.
authors: European Centre of Excellence NTIS-New Technologies for Information Society, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitní 22, 306 14 Pilsen, Czech Republic. Electronic address: kochovap@ntc.zcu.cz.
authors: Petra
authors: P
authors: Kochová
authors: New Technologies Research Centre, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitní 8, 306 14 Pilsen, Czech Republic. Electronic address: cimrman3@ntc.zcu.cz.
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Cimrman
authors: Department of Physiology and Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Lidická 1, 301 66 Pilsen, Czech Republic. Electronic address: Milan.Stengl@lfp.cuni.cz.
authors: Milan
authors: M
authors: Štengl
authors: Instutite of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic. Electronic address: ostadal@biomed.cas.cz.
authors: Bohuslav
authors: B
authors: Ošťádal
authors: European Centre of Excellence NTIS-New Technologies for Information Society, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitní 22, 306 14 Pilsen, Czech Republic. Electronic address: tonar@ntis.zcu.cz.
authors: Zbyněk
authors: Z
authors: Tonar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002347:Carps / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D003971:Diastole / Q000502:physiology; D006321:Heart / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D013599:Systole / Q000502:physiology; D016276:Ventricular Function / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Carp myocardium; Mathematical model; Microscopic quantification; P–V diagram; Stroke characteristics