title: Control of human and plant fungal pathogens using pentaene macrolide 32, 33-didehydroroflamycoin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to address the toxicity of recently described polyene macrolide 32, 33-didehydroroflamycoin (DDHR) on a wide range of fungal pathogens and its potential to control plant fungal diseases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The antifungal activity of DDHR in vitro was examined against common human and plant pathogenic fungi using a broth microdilution assay and a disk diffusion assay. Minimum inhibitory concentrations ranged from 12·5 to 35 μg ml(-1) . A radial growth inhibition assay showed that DDHR inhibited mycelia growth, inducing mycelial necrosis and affecting sporulation. During the in vivo assay on apple fruits administration of DDHR 1 h before fungal inoculation inhibited spreading of the infection. Importantly, DDHR exhibited no phytotoxic effects on the model plant, Capsicum annum, verified by the plant growth rate and chlorophyll content.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DDHR inhibits growth of various plant pathogens in vitro with the strongest activity against Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum acutatum and Penicillium expansum, and protects apple fruits from decay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report of the inhibitory effect of DDHR on important pathogenic fungal isolates. DDHR could be a good scaffold for developing new antifungal agents for fruit and vegetable protection.
authors: Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Milisavljevic
authors: Institute for Plant Protection and the Environment, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Zivkovic
authors: National Reference Medical Mycology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Pekmezovic
authors: Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Stankovic
authors: Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Vojnovic
authors: Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Vasiljevic
authors: Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Senerovic
mesh_terms: D000528:Alternaria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D002212:Capsicum / Q000382:microbiology; D005638:Fruit / Q000382:microbiology; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D018942:Macrolides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027845:Malus / Q000382:microbiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D025282:Mycelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D009181:Mycoses / Q000382:microbiology; D010407:Penicillium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D011090:Polyenes / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D018942:Macrolides; D011090:Polyenes
keywords: 32, 33-didehydroroflamycoin; fungi; human pathogens; plant pathogens; polyene macrolide