title: Optimization and characterization of bio-oil produced by microwave assisted pyrolysis of oil palm shell waste biomass with microwave absorber.
abstract: In this study, solid oil palm shell (OPS) waste biomass was subjected to microwave pyrolysis conditions with uniformly distributed coconut activated carbon (CAC) microwave absorber. The effects of CAC loading (wt%), microwave power (W) and N2 flow rate (LPM) were investigated on heating profile, bio-oil yield and its composition. Response surface methodology based on central composite design was used to study the significance of process parameters on bio-oil yield. The coefficient of determination (R(2)) for the bio-oil yield is 0.89017 indicating 89.017% of data variability is accounted to the model. The largest effect on bio-oil yield is from linear and quadratic terms of N2 flow rate. The phenol content in bio-oil is 32.24-58.09% GC-MS area. The bio-oil also contain 1,1-dimethyl hydrazine of 10.54-21.20% GC-MS area. The presence of phenol and 1,1-dimethyl hydrazine implies that the microwave pyrolysis of OPS with carbon absorber has the potential to produce valuable fuel products.
authors: Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM 81310, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor Darul T'azim, Malaysia; Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan.
authors: Faisal
authors: F
authors: Mushtaq
authors: Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM 81310, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor Darul T'azim, Malaysia.
authors: Tuan Amran Tuan
authors: TA
authors: Abdullah
authors: Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM 81310, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor Darul T'azim, Malaysia.
authors: Ramli
authors: R
authors: Mat
authors: Department of Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM 81310, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor Darul T'azim, Malaysia. Electronic address: farid@fkm.utm.my.
authors: Farid Nasir
authors: FN
authors: Ani
mesh_terms: D065638:Absorption, Radiation; D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods; D028023:Arecaceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D056804:Biofuels / Q000032:analysis / Q000528:radiation effects*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006361:Heating / Q000379:methods*; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000517:prevention & control; D008872:Microwaves; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D007220:Industrial Waste; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Bio-oil; Coconut activated carbon; Microwave assisted pyrolysis; Oil palm shell; Optimization and characterization