title: [Psychiatric comorbidities and quality of life in adult individuals with high potential: Relationships with self-esteem].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were: 1) to describe the psychiatric comorbidities in adult individuals with high potential; 2) to assess self-esteem and quality of life in comparison with general population; 3) to study the relationships between intelligent quotient (IQ), self-esteem, psychiatric comorbidities and quality of life.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study was conducted in the psychiatric department of a public university hospital (Marseille, France). An outpatient hospital service has been specifically opened to test intelligence since 2012. During a period of six months, it was proposed to all the major individuals with high intellectual potential to receive a psychiatric evaluation using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and to complete self-report questionnaires assessing depression (Beck scale), anxiety (STAI), self-esteem (Rosenberg scale) and quality of life (SF-36). Relationships between IQ, self-esteem, psychiatric comorbidities and quality of life were analyzed using a Bayesian path analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-eight subjects were included, 8 had an IQ between 115 and 130, and 20 had an IQ>130. Fifty-seven percent of individuals had generalized anxiety, 21.4% a current major depressive episode, and 75% a past major depressive episode. Subjects had a low self-esteem and quality of life levels significantly lower than those in the French general population. Subjects with higher self-esteem levels had more depressive (β=0.726, P<0.001) and anxiety (β=0.335, P<0.001) disorders, associated with lower quality of life levels (β=-0.447, P<0.001 and β=-0.276, P=0.012), suggesting that self-esteem was defensive and inadequate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study found a high frequency of psychiatric disorders associated with low levels of self-esteem and quality of life. A psychological treatment focusing on self-esteem may have a beneficial effect on anxiety, depression and quality of life.
authors: Aix-Marseille université, EA 3279 - Santé publique, maladie chronique et qualité de vie, 13005 Marseille, France; AP-HM, hôpital La Conception, département de psychiatrie, 147, boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille, France. Electronic address: christophe.lancon@ap-hm.fr.
authors: Christophe
authors: C
authors: Lancon
authors: AP-HM, hôpital La Conception, département de psychiatrie, 147, boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille, France.
authors: Marion
authors: M
authors: Martinelli
authors: AP-HM, hôpital La Conception, département de psychiatrie, 147, boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille, France.
authors: Pierre
authors: P
authors: Michel
authors: AP-HM, hôpital La Conception, département de psychiatrie, 147, boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille, France.
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Debals
authors: AP-HM, hôpital La Conception, département de psychiatrie, 147, boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille, France.
authors: Pascal
authors: P
authors: Auquier
authors: AP-HM, hôpital de la Timone, service central de biophysique et médecine nucléaire, 13005 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille université, CERIMED, 13005 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille université, CNRS UMR7289, INT, 13005 Marseille, France.
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Guedj
authors: AP-HM, hôpital La Conception, département de psychiatrie, 147, boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille, France.
authors: Laurent
authors: L
authors: Boyer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence / Q000502:physiology*; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012649:Self Concept; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires