title: The Nuclear Factor kappaB Inhibitor Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate Prevents Cardiac Remodelling and Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Up-Regulation in Renovascular Hypertension.
abstract: Imbalanced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity is involved in hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy. Pharmacological inhibition of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-кB) with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) can prevent MMP up-regulation. We suggested that treatment with PDTC could prevent 2-kidney, 1-clip (2K1C) hypertension-induced left ventricular remodelling. Sham-operated controls or 2K1C rats with hypertension received either vehicle or PDTC (100 mg/kg/day) by gavage for 8 weeks. Systolic blood pressure was monitored every week. Histological assessment of left ventricles was carried out with haematoxylin/eosin sections, and fibrosis was quantified in picrosirius red-stained sections. Oxidative stress was evaluated in heart samples with the dihydroethidium probe. Cardiac MMP activity was determined by in situ zymography, and cardiac MMP-2 was assessed by immunofluorescence. 2K1C surgery significantly increased systolic blood pressure in the 2K1C vehicle. PDTC exerted antihypertensive effects after 2 weeks of treatment. Histology revealed increased left ventricular and septum wall thickness associated with augmented myocyte diameter in hypertensive rats, which were reversed by treatment with PDTC. Hypertensive rats developed pronounced cardiac fibrosis with increased interstitial collagen area, increased cardiac reactive oxygen species levels, gelatinase activity and MMP-2 expression. PDTC treatment decreased these alterations. These findings show that PDTC modulates myocardial MMP-2 expression and ameliorates cardiac remodelling in renovascular hypertension. These results suggest that interfering with MMP expression at transcriptional level may be an interesting strategy in the therapy of organ damage associated with hypertension.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors: Stefany B A
authors: SB
authors: Cau
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors: Danielle A
authors: DA
authors: Guimaraes
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors: Elen
authors: E
authors: Rizzi
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors: Carla S
authors: CS
authors: Ceron
authors: Department of Morphology, Estomatology and Physiology, Dental School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors: Raquel F
authors: RF
authors: Gerlach
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors: Jose E
authors: JE
authors: Tanus-Santos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005355:Fibrosis; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006978:Hypertension, Renovascular / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013859:Thiocarbamates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects*; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D013859:Thiocarbamates; C020972:pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid; D003094:Collagen; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; C522363:Mmp2 protein, rat