title: Chronic Intake of Sucrose Accelerates Sarcopenia in Older Male Rats through Alterations in Insulin Sensitivity and Muscle Protein Synthesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Today, high chronic intake of added sugars is frequent, which leads to inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. These 3 factors could reduce meal-induced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis and thus aggravate the age-related loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our aims were to determine if added sugars could accelerate sarcopenia and to assess the capacity of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents to prevent this.
  
  
  METHODS
  For 5 mo, 16-mo-old male rats were starch fed (13% sucrose and 49% wheat starch diet) or sucrose fed (62% sucrose and 0% wheat starch diet) with or without rutin (5 g/kg diet), vitamin E (4 times), vitamin A (2 times), vitamin D (5 times), selenium (10 times), and zinc (+44%) (R) supplementation. We measured the evolution of body composition and inflammation, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) concentration and total antioxidant status, insulin sensitivity (oral-glucose-tolerance test), muscle weight, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione concentration, and in vivo protein synthesis rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sucrose-fed rats lost significantly more lean body mass (-8.1% vs. -5.4%, respectively) and retained more fat mass (+0.2% vs. -33%, respectively) than starch-fed rats. Final muscle mass was 11% higher in starch-fed rats than in sucrose-fed rats. Sucrose had little effect on inflammation, oxidative stress, and plasma IGF-I concentration but reduced the insulin sensitivity index (divided by 2). Meal-induced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis was significantly lower in sucrose-fed rats (+7.3%) than in starch-fed rats (+22%). R supplementation slightly but significantly reduced oxidative stress and increased muscle protein concentration (+4%) but did not restore postprandial stimulation of muscle protein synthesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High chronic sucrose intake accelerates sarcopenia in older male rats through an alteration of postprandial stimulation of muscle protein synthesis. This effect could be explained by a decrease of insulin sensitivity rather than by changes in plasma IGF-I, inflammation, and/or oxidative stress.
authors: National Institute of Agronomic Research, Joint Research Unit 1019 for Human Nutrition, Saint Genès Champanelle, France; and Clermont 1 University, Research and Training Unit Medicine, Joint Research Unit 1019 for Human Nutrition, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors: Eva
authors: E
authors: Gatineau
authors: National Institute of Agronomic Research, Joint Research Unit 1019 for Human Nutrition, Saint Genès Champanelle, France; and Clermont 1 University, Research and Training Unit Medicine, Joint Research Unit 1019 for Human Nutrition, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors: Isabelle
authors: I
authors: Savary-Auzeloux
authors: National Institute of Agronomic Research, Joint Research Unit 1019 for Human Nutrition, Saint Genès Champanelle, France; and Clermont 1 University, Research and Training Unit Medicine, Joint Research Unit 1019 for Human Nutrition, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors: Carole
authors: C
authors: Migné
authors: National Institute of Agronomic Research, Joint Research Unit 1019 for Human Nutrition, Saint Genès Champanelle, France; and Clermont 1 University, Research and Training Unit Medicine, Joint Research Unit 1019 for Human Nutrition, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors: Sergio
authors: S
authors: Polakof
authors: National Institute of Agronomic Research, Joint Research Unit 1019 for Human Nutrition, Saint Genès Champanelle, France; and Clermont 1 University, Research and Training Unit Medicine, Joint Research Unit 1019 for Human Nutrition, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors: Dominique
authors: D
authors: Dardevet
authors: National Institute of Agronomic Research, Joint Research Unit 1019 for Human Nutrition, Saint Genès Champanelle, France; and Clermont 1 University, Research and Training Unit Medicine, Joint Research Unit 1019 for Human Nutrition, Clermont-Ferrand, France laurent.mosoni@clermont.inra.fr.
authors: Laurent
authors: L
authors: Mosoni
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001823:Body Composition; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D019518:Postprandial Period; D011897:Random Allocation; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000975:Antioxidants; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D009124:Muscle Proteins; C548904:insulin-like growth factor-1, rat; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: antioxidant; fructose; insulin sensitivity; protein synthesis; rats; sarcopenia