title: Regulatory B Cells and Mechanisms.
abstract: Regulatory B cells have gained prominence in their role as modulators of the immune response against tumors, infectious diseases, and autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis, among others. The concept of regulatory B cells has been strongly associated with interleukin (IL)-10 production; however, there is growing evidence that supports the existence of other regulatory mechanisms, such as the production of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), induced cell death of effector T cells, and the induction of CD4(+)CD25(-)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. The regulatory function of B cells has been associated with the presence and activation of molecules such as CD40, CD19, CD1d, and BCR. Alterations in signaling by any of these pathways leads to a marked defect in regulatory B cells and to increased clinical symptoms and proinflammatory signs, both in murine models and in autoimmune diseases in humans. B cells mainly exert their regulatory effect through the inhibition of proliferation and production of proinflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-17 by CD4(+) T cells. A better understanding of how regulatory B cells function will offer new perspectives with regard to the treatment of various human diseases.
authors: a Grupo de Inmunología Celular e InmunogenéInstituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Antioquia Medellín , Colombia.
authors: Héctor
authors: H
authors: Rincón-Arévalo
authors: a Grupo de Inmunología Celular e InmunogenéInstituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Antioquia Medellín , Colombia.
authors: Claudia C
authors: CC
authors: Sanchez-Parra
authors: a Grupo de Inmunología Celular e InmunogenéInstituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Antioquia Medellín , Colombia.
authors: Diana
authors: D
authors: Castaño
authors: a Grupo de Inmunología Celular e InmunogenéInstituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Antioquia Medellín , Colombia.|b Grupo de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Medicina , Universidad CES , Medellín , Colombia.
authors: Lina
authors: L
authors: Yassin
authors: a Grupo de Inmunología Celular e InmunogenéInstituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Antioquia Medellín , Colombia.
authors: Gloria
authors: G
authors: Vásquez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D060151:B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016753:Interleukin-10
keywords: B10; IL-10; T cell; TGF-β; regulatory B cell