title: Exogenous tyrosol inhibits planktonic cells and biofilms of Candida species and enhances their susceptibility to antifungals.
abstract: Tyrosol is a quorum-sensing molecule of Candida albicans able to induce hyphal development in the early and intermediate stages of biofilm growth. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of high concentrations of exogenous tyrosol on planktonic cells and biofilms of C. albicans (n = 10) and C. tropicalis (n = 10), and investigated whether tyrosol could be synergic to antifungals that target cellular ergosterol. Antifungal susceptibility and drug interaction against planktonic cells were investigated by the broth microdilution method. Tyrosol was able to inhibit planktonic cells, with MIC values ranging from 2.5 to 5.0 mM for both species. Synergism was observed between tyrosol/amphotericin B (11/20 strains), tyrosol/itraconazole (18/20 strains) and tyrosol/fluconazole (18/20 strains). Exogenous tyrosol alone or combined with antifungals at both 10 × MIC and 50 × MIC were able to reduce biofilm of both Candida species. Mature biofilms were susceptible to tyrosol alone at 50 × MIC or combined with amphotericin at both 10 × MIC and 50 × MIC. On the other hand, tyrosol plus azoles at both 10 × MIC and 50 × MIC enhanced biofilm growth.
authors: Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, CEP 60430-270, Brazil rossanacordeiro@ufc.br.
authors: Rossana de A
authors: Rde A
authors: Cordeiro
authors: Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, CEP 60430-270, Brazil.
authors: Carlos E C
authors: CE
authors: Teixeira
authors: Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, CEP 60430-270, Brazil.
authors: Raimunda S N
authors: RS
authors: Brilhante
authors: Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, CEP 60430-270, Brazil.
authors: Débora S C M
authors: DS
authors: Castelo-Branco
authors: Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, CEP 60430-270, Brazil College of Veterinary Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, CEP 60430-270, Brazil.
authors: Lucas P
authors: LP
authors: Alencar
authors: Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, CEP 60430-270, Brazil.
authors: Jonathas S
authors: JS
authors: de Oliveira
authors: Department of Statistics and Applied Mathematics, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors: André J
authors: AJ
authors: Monteiro
authors: Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, CEP 60430-270, Brazil.
authors: Tereza J P G
authors: TJ
authors: Bandeira
authors: Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, CEP 60430-270, Brazil.
authors: José J C
authors: JJ
authors: Sidrim
authors: Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, CEP 60430-270, Brazil.
authors: José Luciano Bezerra
authors: JL
authors: Moreira
authors: Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, CEP 60430-270, Brazil College of Veterinary Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, CEP 60430-270, Brazil.
authors: Marcos F G
authors: MF
authors: Rocha
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000378:metabolism; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000378:metabolism; D017964:Itraconazole / Q000378:metabolism; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; C011867:4-hydroxyphenylethanol; D017964:Itraconazole; D000666:Amphotericin B; D015725:Fluconazole; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol
keywords: biofilms; candida; susceptibility; synergism; tyrosol