title: Programmed translational bypassing elements in mitochondria: structure, mobility, and evolutionary origin.
abstract: Programmed translational bypassing enables ribosomes to 'ignore' a precise mRNA interval of several dozen nucleotides. Well-characterized bypassed sequences include hop and byp elements, present in bacteriophage T4 and mitochondria of the yeast Magnusiomyces capitatus, respectively. The bypassing mechanism of byps is probably similar to that of hop, yet the former appears more effective and less constrained as to sequence context. Furthermore, both elements are mobile but hop moves as part of a cassette including a homing endonuclease, whereas byps seem to spread like miniature DNA transposable elements known as GC clusters. Here, we argue that hop and byps arose independently by convergent evolution, and that byps evolved in magnusiomycete mitochondria due to (as yet unknown) alterations of the mitochondrial translation machinery.
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina CH-1, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia. Electronic address: nosek@fns.uniba.sk.
authors: Jozef
authors: J
authors: Nosek
authors: Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina B-1, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors: Lubomir
authors: L
authors: Tomaska
authors: Robert Cedergren Centre for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Département de Biochimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
authors: Gertraud
authors: G
authors: Burger
authors: Robert Cedergren Centre for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Département de Biochimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
authors: B Franz
authors: BF
authors: Lang
mesh_terms: D017122:Bacteriophage T4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018965:Frameshifting, Ribosomal; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D038621:Regulatory Sequences, Ribonucleic Acid; D015003:Yeasts / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D038621:Regulatory Sequences, Ribonucleic Acid
keywords: DNA transposons; GC clusters; bacteriophage T4; byps; homing endonucleases; hop