title: [Periprosthetic infections of the hip joint : Clinical approach].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increasing rates of periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) will present orthopedic surgeons and the health care system with challenges in the next few years. New concepts in diagnostic and surgical pathways allow specialized centers to offer differentiated therapy of PJI.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This article presents an overview of recent treatment concepts for PJI of the hip emphasizing diagnosis and the clinical approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  A selective literature search was performed focusing on evidence-based concepts including diagnostics, surgical treatment, and biofilm active antibiotics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PJI of the hip are classified as mature biofilm or immature biofilm infections. The most important step in the diagnostic procedure is to identify the pathogen and its antimicrobial susceptibility. Preoperative joint aspiration and leukocyte count, differentiation, and microbiological culture should be standard. Arthroscopic biopsy may be necessary to identify the pathogen. Depending on the biofilm maturity and the antimicrobial susceptibility, implant retention or two-stage revisions should be performed. Combination of surgical therapy and biofilm-active antibiotics are of utmost importance for successful treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PJI represents a significant challenge for the orthopedic surgeon. Evidence-based and standardized clinical pathways are necessary for accurate and rapid diagnosis as well as patient-specific treatment concepts.
authors: Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie und Sportorthopädie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, München, Deutschland, heinrich.muehlhofer@mri.tum.de.
authors: H M L
authors: HM
authors: Mühlhofer
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Gollwitzer
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Lenze
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Feihl
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Pohlig
authors: R
authors: R
authors: von Eisenhart-Rothe
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Schauwecker
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000382:microbiology; D006622:Hip Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D012086:Reoperation / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents