title: Analysis of Verbal Interactions in Problem-based Learning.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Problem-based learning (PBL) is a constructive learning environment that solves ill-structured problems through collaborative learning. The purpose of this study was to analyze the interaction of students and a tutor in a small-group PBL discussion. This study examined how the types of interactions are composed over the meeting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen third-year subjects from Chonnam National University Medical School, Korea formed two tutorial groups. Two tutorial sessions were videotaped and analyzed. All videotapes were transcribed to analyze the interaction type. The criteria of interaction analysis were learning-oriented interaction (exploratory questioning, cumulative reasoning, handling conflicts about the knowledge), procedural interactions, and irrelevant task interactions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nearly all discourses between tutors and students were learning-oriented interactions. The results showed that students spent more time on cumulative reasoning. In contrast, tutors implemented more exploratory questioning. Little time was spent on handling conflicts about knowledge and procedural and irrelevant/off-task interactions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To improve critical thinking and problem-solving competence in PBL, we should consider various efforts to encourage discussion about conflicting knowledge. A PBL tutor training program should be provided to facilitate PBL group discussions.
authors: The Brain Korea 21 Project, Center for Biomedical Resources, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors: Sun A
authors: SA
authors: Oh
authors: Department of Medical Education, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
authors: Eun Kyung
authors: EK
authors: Chung
authors: Department of Medical Education, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
authors: Young Jong
authors: YJ
authors: Woo
authors: Department of Medical Education, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
authors: Eui Ryoung
authors: ER
authors: Han
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
authors: Young Ok
authors: YO
authors: Kim
keywords: Problem-based learning; Verbal interaction analysis