title: Antiviral gene expression in psoriasis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Psoriasis patients have relatively infrequent cutaneous viral infections compared to atopic dermatitis patients. Increased expression of four antiviral proteins (MX1, BST2, ISG15 and OAS2) has been reported in psoriatic skin and genetic studies of psoriasis have identified susceptibility genes in antiviral pathways.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine if psoriasis is associated with pervasive expression of antiviral genes in skin and blood.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed RNA sequencing on skin samples of 18 subjects with chronic plaque psoriasis and 16 healthy controls. We examined the expression of a predefined set of 42 antiviral genes, each of which has been shown in previous studies to inhibit viral replication. In parallel, we examined antiviral gene expression in atopic dermatitis, non-lesional psoriatic skin and psoriatic blood. We performed HIV-1 infectivity assays in CD4+ peripheral blood T cells from psoriatic and healthy individuals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed significant overexpression of 16 antiviral genes in lesional psoriatic skin, with a greater than two-fold increase in ISG15, RSAD2, IRF7, MX2 and TRIM22 (P < 1E-07). None of these genes was overexpressed in atopic dermatitis skin (P < 0.0001) or non-lesional psoriatic skin. In contrast to the skin compartment, no differences in antiviral gene expression were detected in the peripheral blood of psoriasis cases compared to healthy controls. CD4+ T cells from both psoriatic and healthy patients supported HIV-1 infection at a similar rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings highlight psoriasis as an inflammatory disease with cutaneous but not systemic immune activation against viral pathogens.
authors: Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.|Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
authors: R A
authors: RA
authors: Raposo
authors: Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, USA.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Gupta
authors: Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, USA.|Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Abdel-Mohsen
authors: Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, USA.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Dimon
authors: Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, USA.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Debbaneh
authors: Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, USA.
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Jiang
authors: Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors: V A
authors: VA
authors: York
authors: Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors: K S
authors: KS
authors: Leadabrand
authors: Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, USA.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Brown
authors: Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, USA.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Malakouti
authors: Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, USA.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Arron
authors: Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors: P J
authors: PJ
authors: Kuebler
authors: Department of Dermatology, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors: J J
authors: JJ
authors: Wu
authors: Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, USA.|Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors: S K
authors: SK
authors: Pillai
authors: Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.|Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
authors: D F
authors: DF
authors: Nixon
authors: Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, USA.
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Liao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000821:virology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D050839:Interferon Regulatory Factor-7 / Q000235:genetics; D015778:Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; D064547:Myxovirus Resistance Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D044925:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D012313:RNA / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012867:Skin / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000070584:Tripartite Motif Proteins; D014452:Ubiquitins / Q000235:genetics; D000090123:Viperin Protein
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D050839:Interferon Regulatory Factor-7; D015778:Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; D064547:Myxovirus Resistance Proteins; D044925:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors; D011506:Proteins; D012313:RNA; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D000070584:Tripartite Motif Proteins; D014452:Ubiquitins; C494234:IRF7 protein, human; C579068:MX2 protein, human; C094314:TRIM22 protein, human; C074034:ISG15 protein, human; C444427:RSAD2 protein, human; D000090123:Viperin Protein