title: Analysis of pedestrian accident costs in Sudan using the willingness-to-pay method.
abstract: The willingness-to-pay (WTP) with contingent valuation (CV) method has been proven to be a valid tool for the valuation of non-market goods or socio-economic costs of road traffic accidents among communities in developed and developing countries. Research on accident costing tends to estimate the value of statistical life (VOSL) for all road users by providing a principle for the evaluation of road safety interventions in cost-benefit analysis. As in many other developing countries, the economic loss of traffic accidents in Sudan is noticeable; however, analytical research to estimate the magnitude and impact of that loss is lacking. Reports have shown that pedestrians account for more than 40% of the total number of fatalities. In this study, the WTP-CV approach was used to determine the amount of money that pedestrians in Sudan are willing to pay to reduce the risk of their own death. The impact of the socioeconomic factors, risk levels, and walking behaviors of pedestrians on their WTP for fatality risk reduction was also evaluated. Data were collected from two cities-Khartoum and Nyala-using a survey questionnaire that included 1400 respondents. The WTP-CV Payment Card Questionnaire was designed to ensure that Sudan pedestrians can easily determine the amount of money that would be required to reduce the fatality risk from a pedestrian-related accident. The analysis results show that the estimated VOSL for Sudanese pedestrians ranges from US$0.019 to US$0.101 million. In addition, the willingness-to-pay by Sudanese pedestrians to reduce their fatality risk tends to increase with age, household income, educational level, safety perception, and average time spent on social activities with family and community.
authors: Transportation Engineering Field of Study, School of Engineering and Technology, Asian Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 4, Klong Luang, Bangkok 12120, Thailand. Electronic address: amofadal@hotmail.com.
authors: Adam I A
authors: AIA
authors: Mofadal
authors: Transportation Engineering Field of Study, School of Engineering and Technology, Asian Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 4, Klong Luang, Bangkok 12120, Thailand. Electronic address: kanitpon@ait.ac.th.
authors: Kunnawee
authors: K
authors: Kanitpong
authors: ThaiRoads Foundation, 307-308 Fl.3 Prompan 2 Building, Soi Ladprao 3, Chomphol, Jatujak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. Electronic address: piyapong.j@gmail.com.
authors: Piyapong
authors: P
authors: Jiwattanakulpaisarn
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018803:Models, Economic; D012307:Risk Factors; D017751:Safety Management / Q000191:economics*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013397:Sudan; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D026712:Value of Life / Q000191:economics*; D016138:Walking / Q000191:economics* / Q000293:injuries* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Accident cost; Fatality risk reduction; Pedestrian; Sudan; Value of statistical life; Willingness-to-pay