title: Molecular basis for nonspecificity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
abstract: Inhibition of the production of inflammatory mediators by the action of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is highly accredited to their recognition of cyclooxygenase enzymes. Along with inflammation relief, however, NSAIDs also cause adverse effects. Although NSAIDs strongly inhibit enzymes of the prostaglandin synthesis pathways, several other proteins also serve as fairly potent targets for these drugs. Based on their recognition pattern, these receptors are categorised as enzymes modifying NSAIDs, noncatalytic proteins binding to NSAIDs and enzymes with catalytic functions that are inhibited by NSAIDs. The extensive binding of NSAIDs is responsible for their limited in vivo efficacy as well as the large spectrum of their effects. The biochemical nature of drugs binding to multiple protein targets and its implications on physiology are discussed.
authors: School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201308, India.
authors: Avaneesh K
authors: AK
authors: Dwivedi
authors: School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201308, India.
authors: Vaishali
authors: V
authors: Gurjar
authors: Center for Bioseparation Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India.
authors: Sanjit
authors: S
authors: Kumar
authors: School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201308, India. Electronic address: nagendratomar@gmail.com.
authors: Nagendra
authors: N
authors: Singh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D001665:Binding Sites; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases