title: Evaluating a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for prediction of omeprazole clearance and assessing ethnic sensitivity in CYP2C19 metabolic pathway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ethnicity-specific population models in the SimCYP Simulator® for prediction of omeprazole clearance with attention to differences in the CYP2C19 metabolic pathway.
  
  
  METHODS
  The SimCYP® models incorporating Caucasian, Chinese, and Japanese population-specific demographic, physiological, and enzyme data were applied to simulate omeprazole pharmacokinetics. Published pharmacokinetic data of omeprazole after intravenous or oral administration in Caucasian, Chinese, and Japanese were used for the evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following oral administration, the ratio of the predicted to observed geometric mean of omeprazole clearance in Caucasian extensive metabolizers (EMs) was 0.88. The ratios in Chinese EMs were 1.16 and 0.99 after intravenous and oral administration, respectively. The ratios in Japanese EMs were 0.88 and 0.71 after intravenous and oral administration, respectively. Significant differences (2-fold) in the observed oral clearance of omeprazole were identified between Caucasian and Asian (Chinese and Japanese) EMs while the observed oral and intravenous clearances of omeprazole were similar between Chinese and Japanese EMs. Physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) models within SimCYP accurately predicted the difference in the observed oral clearance between Caucasian and Chinese EMs but overpredicted the difference between Caucasians and Japanese EMs due to under-prediction of oral clearance in Japanese EMs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PBPK model within SimCYP adequately predicted omeprazole clearance in Caucasian, Chinese, and Japanese EMs and the 2-fold differences in clearance of omeprazole between Caucasian and Asian EMs. This may lead to early identification of ethnic sensitivity in clearance and the need for different dosing regimens in a specific ethnic group for substrates of CYP2C19 which can support the rational design of bridging clinical trials.
authors: Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Building 6, Lane 917, Ha Lei Road, Pudong, Shanghai, China.
authors: Sheng
authors: S
authors: Feng
authors: Yumi
authors: Y
authors: Cleary
authors: Neil
authors: N
authors: Parrott
authors: Pei
authors: P
authors: Hu
authors: Cornelia
authors: C
authors: Weber
authors: Yongqing
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Ophelia Q P
authors: OQ
authors: Yin
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Shi
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D044466:Asian People; D003198:Computer Simulation; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 / Q000378:metabolism*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008954:Models, Biological; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; C045793:CYP2C19 protein, human; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D009853:Omeprazole