title: Diagnostic accuracy of sentinel node identification is maintained with the addition of local lidocaine and subareolar radioactive colloid injection.
abstract: Preoperative sentinel node localization (SNL) using a subareolar injection of radiotracer technetium-99m-sulfur colloid (Tc(99m)SC) is associated with significant pain. Lidocaine use during SNL is not widely adopted partly due to a concern that it can obscure sentinel node identification and reduce its diagnostic accuracy. We prospectively identified women with a biopsy-proven infiltrating breast cancer who were awaiting a SNL. The women completed the McGill pain questionnaire, Visual Analog Scale, and Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale prior to and following SNL. We identified a retrospective cohort of women with similar demographic and tumor characteristics who did not receive lidocaine before SNL. We compared sentinel lymph node identification rates in the two cohorts. We used Wilcoxon rank sum tests to compare continuous measures and Fisher's exact test for categorical measures. Between January 2011 to July 2012, 110 women consented, and 105 were eligible for and received lidocaine prior to Tc(99m)SC injection. The post-lidocaine identification rate of SNL was 95 % with Tc(99m)SC, and 100 % with the addition of intraoperative methylene blue dye/saline. Pain range prior to and following the SNL was unchanged (P = 0.703). We identified 187 women from 2005 to 2009 who did not receive lidocaine during preoperative SNL. There was no significant difference in the success rate of SNL, with or without lidocaine (P = 0.194). The administration of lidocaine during SNL prevents pain related to isotope injection while maintaining the success rate. We have changed our practice at our center to incorporate the use of lidocaine during all SNL.
authors: Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Vered
authors: V
authors: Stearns
authors: Amanda
authors: A
authors: Blackford
authors: Jill
authors: J
authors: Kessler
authors: Eman
authors: E
authors: Sbaity
authors: Mehran
authors: M
authors: Habibi
authors: Nagi
authors: N
authors: Khouri
authors: Cindy S
authors: CS
authors: Lee
authors: Evelyn
authors: E
authors: May
authors: Stacie
authors: S
authors: Jeter
authors: Camila
authors: C
authors: Sahebi
authors: Christina
authors: C
authors: Shehata
authors: Karineh
authors: K
authors: Tarpinian
authors: Lisa
authors: L
authors: Jacobs
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Eisner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D013671:Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013671:Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid; D008012:Lidocaine