title: Effects of proteinase inhibitor from Adenanthera pavonina seeds on short- and long term larval development of Aedes aegypti.
abstract: Currently, one of the major global public health concerns is related to the transmission of dengue/yellow fever virus by the vector Aedes aegypti. The most abundant digestive enzymes in Ae. aegypti midgut larvae are trypsin and chymotrypsin. Since protease inhibitors have the capacity to bind to and inhibit the action of insect digestive proteinases, we investigated the short- and long-term effects of Adenanthera pavonina seed proteinase inhibitor (ApTI) on Ae. aegypti larvae, as well as a possible mechanism of adaptation. ApTI had a significant effect on Ae. aegypti larvae exposed to a non-lethal concentration of ApTI during short- and long-duration assays, decreasing survival, weight and proteinase activities of midgut extracts of larvae. The zymographic profile of ApTI demonstrated seven bands; three bands apparently have trypsin-like activity. Moreover, the peritrophic membrane was not disrupted. The enzymes of ApTI-fed larvae were found to be sensitive to ApTI and to have a normal feedback mechanism; also, the larval digestive enzymes were not able to degrade the inhibitor. In addition, ApTI delayed larval development time. Histological studies demonstrated a degeneration of the microvilli of the posterior midgut region epithelium cells, hypertrophy of the gastric caeca cells and an augmented ectoperitrophic space in larvae. Moreover, Ae. aegypti larvae were incapable of overcoming the negative effects of ApTI, indicating that this inhibitor might be used as a promising agent against Ae. aegypti. In addition, molecular modeling and molecular docking studies were also performed in order to construct three-dimensional theoretical models for ApTI, trypsin and chymotrypsin from Ae. aegypti, as well as to predict the possible interactions and affinity values for the complexes ApTI/trypsin and ApTI/chymotrypsin. In this context, this study broadens the base of our understanding about the modes of action of proteinase inhibitors in insects, as well as the way insects adapt to them.
authors: Laboratório de Purificação de Proteínas e suas Funções Biológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e Saúde, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
authors: Daniele Yumi
authors: DY
authors: Sasaki
authors: Laboratório de Purificação de Proteínas e suas Funções Biológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e Saúde, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
authors: Ana Cristina
authors: AC
authors: Jacobowski
authors: Departamento de Morfofisiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e Saúde, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
authors: Antônio Pancrácio
authors: AP
authors: de Souza
authors: Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors: Marlon Henrique
authors: MH
authors: Cardoso
authors: S-Inova, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors: Octávio Luiz
authors: OL
authors: Franco
authors: Laboratório de Purificação de Proteínas e suas Funções Biológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e Saúde, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. Electronic address: bioplant@terra.com.br.
authors: Maria Lígia Rodrigues
authors: ML
authors: Macedo
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007814:Larva / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D011480:Protease Inhibitors
keywords: Aedes aegypti; Digestive enzyme; Kunitz-type inhibitor; Molecular docking; Molecular modeling