title: Opportunistic pathogens and elements of the resistome that are common in bottled mineral water support the need for continuous surveillance.
abstract: Several differences concerning bacterial species, opportunistic pathogens, elements of the resistome as well as variations concerning the CFU/mL counts were identified in some of the five most marketed bottled mineral water from Araraquara city, São Paulo, Brazil. Two out of five brands tested were confirmed as potential source of opportunistic pathogens, including Mycobacterium gordonae, Ralstonia picketti and Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc). A total of one hundred and six isolates were recovered from four of these bottled mineral water brands. Betaproteobacteria was predominant followed by Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria and Firmicutes. Ninety percent of the bacteria isolated demonstrated resistance to seventeen of the nineteen antimicrobials tested. These antimicrobials included eight different classes, including 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins, carbapenems and fluoroquinolones. Multidrug resistant bacteria were detected for fifty-nine percent of isolates in three water brands at counts up to 103 CFU/ml. Of major concern, the two bottled mineral water harboring opportunistic pathogens were also source of elements of the resistome that could be directly transferred to humans. All these differences found among brands highlight the need for continuous bacteriological surveillance of bottled mineral water.
authors: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP- Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors: Maria Fernanda
authors: MF
authors: Falcone-Dias
authors: Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Centrón
authors: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP- Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors: Fernando
authors: F
authors: Pavan
authors: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP- Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors: Adriana Candido da Silva
authors: AC
authors: Moura
authors: Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane-ILMD, FIOCRUZ, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
authors: Felipe Gomes
authors: FG
authors: Naveca
authors: Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane-ILMD, FIOCRUZ, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
authors: Victor Costa
authors: VC
authors: de Souza
authors: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP- Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors: Adalberto
authors: A
authors: Farache Filho
authors: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP- Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors: Clarice Queico Fujimura
authors: CQ
authors: Leite
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001938:Brazil; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000382:microbiology*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D000068536:Bacillota / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D020560:Proteobacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water