title: The "11K" gene family members sf68, sf95 and sf138 modulate transmissibility and insecticidal properties of Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus.
abstract: The "11K" gene family is notable for having homologs in both baculoviruses and entomopoxviruses and is classified as either type 145 or type 150, according to their similarity with the ac145 or ac150 genes of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV). One homolog of ac145 (sf138) and two homologs of ac150 (sf68 and sf95) are present in Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV). Recombinant bacmids lacking sf68, sf95 or sf138 (Sf68null, Sf95null and Sf138null, respectively) and the respective repair bacmids were generated from a bacmid comprising the complete virus genome. Occlusion bodies (OBs) of the Sf138null virus were ∼15-fold less orally infective to insects, which was attributed to a 100-fold reduction in ODV infectious titer. Inoculation of insects with Sf138null OBs in mixtures with an optical brightener failed to restore the pathogenicity of Sf138null OBs to that of the parental virus, indicating that the effects of sf138 deletion on OB pathogenicity were unlikely to involve an interaction with the gut peritrophic matrix. In contrast, deletion of sf68 and sf95 resulted in a slower speed-of-kill by 9h, and a concurrent increase in the yield of OBs. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that sf68 and sf95 were not generated after a duplication event of an ancestral gene homologous to the ac150 gene. We conclude that type 145 genes modulate the primary infection process of the virus, whereas type 150 genes appear to have a role in spreading systemic infection within the insect.
authors: Bioinsecticidas Microbianos, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-UPNA, Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutilva Baja, Navarra, Spain.
authors: Inés
authors: I
authors: Beperet
authors: Bioinsecticidas Microbianos, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-UPNA, Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutilva Baja, Navarra, Spain.
authors: Oihane
authors: O
authors: Simón
authors: Instituto de Ecología AC, Xalapa, Veracruz 91070, Mexico.
authors: Trevor
authors: T
authors: Williams
authors: Ecole des Mines d'Alès, 6 avenue de Clavières, F. 30319 Alès Cedex, France. Electronic address: Miguel.Lopez-Ferber@mines-ales.fr.
authors: Miguel
authors: M
authors: López-Ferber
authors: Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
authors: Primitivo
authors: P
authors: Caballero
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D005814:Genes, Viral; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017924:Nucleopolyhedroviruses / Q000235:genetics*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018411:Spodoptera / Q000821:virology*; D014764:Viral Proteins; D014771:Virion / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins
keywords: 11K-like genes; Bacmids; Nucleopolyhedrovirus; Spodoptera frugiperda; sf138; sf68; sf95