title: Simultaneous determination of three banned psychiatric drugs in pig feed and tissue using solid-phase reactor on-line oxidizing and HPLC-fluorescence detection.
abstract: The banned addition of psychiatric drugs such as phenothiazines to animal feed and foodstuffs increases the risk of human organ lesion. Phenothiazines usually exhibit weak native fluorescence and can be oxidized to strongly fluorescent compounds. In this study, a novel, sensitive and convenient method of HPLC-fluorescence detection based on post-column on-line oxidizing with lead dioxide solid-phase reactor has been developed for simultaneous determination of three banned psychotropic drugs, promethazine, chlorpromazine and thioridazine. Three compounds were successfully separated on an Agilent TC-C18 column with mobile phase of acetonitrile (A) and water (B), both containing 0.5% (v/v) formic acid. A gradient elution was programmed and fluorimetric detection was performed at λex /λem of 332/373 nm for promethazine, 340/380 nm for chlorpromazine and 352/432 nm for thioridazine. The calibration graphs gave good linearity over the concentration ranges of 30.0-4976.4 µg/L for promethazine, 2.0-2153.2 µg/L for chlorpromazine, and 15.0-3088.0 µg/L for thioridazine, and correlation coefficients (r) were ≥0.995. The method was applied to the determination of phenothiazines in pig feed and pig tissue, and the average spiked recoveries were in the range 69.1-115.4%.
authors: Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China.
authors: Liang
authors: L
authors: Qi
authors: Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China.
authors: Li-Min
authors: LM
authors: Duan
authors: Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China.
authors: Xiao-Huan
authors: XH
authors: Sun
authors: Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China.
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Zhang
authors: Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China.
authors: Zhi-Qi
authors: ZQ
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D002138:Calibration; D002746:Chlorpromazine / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005453:Fluorescence; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011398:Promethazine / Q000032:analysis; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000032:analysis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013696:Temperature; D013881:Thioridazine / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D011398:Promethazine; D013881:Thioridazine; D002746:Chlorpromazine
keywords: HPLC fluorescence detection; banned psychiatric drugs; phenothiazines; pig feed and tissue; solid-phase reactor