title: WFUMB guidelines and recommendations for clinical use of ultrasound elastography: Part 2: breast.
abstract: The breast section of these Guidelines and Recommendations for Elastography produced under the auspices of the World Federation of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (WFUMB) assesses the clinically used applications of all forms of elastography used in breast imaging. The literature on various breast elastography techniques is reviewed, and recommendations are made on evidence-based results. Practical advice is given on how to perform and interpret breast elastography for optimal results, with emphasis placed on avoiding pitfalls. Artifacts are reviewed, and the clinical utility of some artifacts is discussed. Both strain and shear wave techniques have been shown to be highly accurate in characterizing breast lesions as benign or malignant. The relationship between the various techniques is discussed, and recommended interpretation based on a BI-RADS-like malignancy probability scale is provided. This document is intended to be used as a reference and to guide clinical users in a practical way.
authors: Department of Radiology, Northeastern Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio and Radiology Consultants Inc., Youngstown, Ohio, USA. Electronic address: rgbarr@zoominternet.net.
authors: Richard G
authors: RG
authors: Barr
authors: Department of General Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan.
authors: Kazutaka
authors: K
authors: Nakashima
authors: Breast Center, 21 ave V.Hugo 13100 Aix-en-Provence, France.
authors: Dominique
authors: D
authors: Amy
authors: Imaging Departments, Imperial and Kings Colleges, London, United Kingdom.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Cosgrove
authors: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Franziskus Hospital Bielefeld, Germany.
authors: Andre
authors: A
authors: Farrokh
authors: Department of Breast Imaging and Interventions, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Germany.
authors: Fritz
authors: F
authors: Schafer
authors: Joint Department of Physics, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, UK.
authors: Jeffrey C
authors: JC
authors: Bamber
authors: Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM U 773 CRB3, Université Denis Diderot Paris-VII, France.
authors: Laurent
authors: L
authors: Castera
authors: Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Byung Ihn
authors: BI
authors: Choi
authors: Department of Radiology, Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei.
authors: Yi-Hong
authors: YH
authors: Chou
authors: Medizinische Klinik 2, Caritas-Krankenhaus Bad Mergentheim, Germany.
authors: Christoph F
authors: CF
authors: Dietrich
authors: Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China.
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Ding
authors: Ultrasound Unit - Infectious Diseases Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo - University of Pavia, Italy.
authors: Giovanna
authors: G
authors: Ferraioli
authors: Ultrasound Unit - Infectious Diseases Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo - University of Pavia, Italy.
authors: Carlo
authors: C
authors: Filice
authors: Department of Internal Medicine 1, J. W. Goethe University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors: Mireen
authors: M
authors: Friedrich-Rust
authors: Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors: Timothy J
authors: TJ
authors: Hall
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
authors: Kathryn R
authors: KR
authors: Nightingale
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
authors: Mark L
authors: ML
authors: Palmeri
authors: Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: Tsuyoshi
authors: T
authors: Shiina
authors: Department of Thyroid and Endocrinology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
authors: Shinichi
authors: S
authors: Suzuki
authors: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timişoara, Romania.
authors: Ioan
authors: I
authors: Sporea
authors: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
authors: Stephanie
authors: S
authors: Wilson
authors: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Masatoshi
authors: M
authors: Kudo
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D008327:Mammography / Q000592:standards*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011871:Radiology / Q000592:standards*; D033081:Shear Strength; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013718:Tensile Strength
keywords: Breast; Breast Cancer; Shear wave; artifacts; elastography; guidelines; strain