title: Characterization of modified PVDF membrane by gamma irradiation for non-potable water reuse.
abstract: Poly(vinylidene fluorine) (PVDF) membranes were grafted by gamma-ray irradiation and were sulfonated by sodium sulfite to modify the surface of the membranes. The characteristics of the modified PVDF membranes were evaluated by the data of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), the contact angle of the membrane surface and the water permeability. From the results of FT-IR, XPS and FE-SEM, it was shown that the modified membranes were successfully grafted by gamma-ray irradiation and were sulfonated. The content of oxygen and sulfur increased with the monomer concentration, while the content of fluorine sharply decreased. The pore size of the modified membranes decreased after gamma-ray irradiation. The contact angle and the water permeability showed that the hydrophilicity of the modified membranes played a role in determining the membrane performance. The feasibility study of the modified PVDF membranes for using non-potable water reuse were carried out using a laboratory-scale microfiltration system. Grey wastewater was used as the influent in the filtration unit, and permeate quality satisfied non-potable water reuse guidelines in the Republic of Korea.
authors: Research Division of Industry & Environment, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do, 580-185, Republic of Korea E-mail: seungjoolim@gmail.com.
authors: Seung Joo
authors: SJ
authors: Lim
authors: Research Division of Industry & Environment, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do, 580-185, Republic of Korea E-mail: seungjoolim@gmail.com.
authors: Tak-Hyun
authors: TH
authors: Kim
authors: Research Division of Industry & Environment, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do, 580-185, Republic of Korea E-mail: seungjoolim@gmail.com.
authors: In Hwan
authors: IH
authors: Shin
mesh_terms: D005374:Filtration; D005720:Gamma Rays; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010539:Permeability; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D056910:Republic of Korea; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D018508:Water Purification / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005465:Fluorocarbon Polymers
chemical_list: D011145:Polyvinyls; C024865:polyvinylidene fluoride; D005465:Fluorocarbon Polymers