title: The Androgenic Alopecia Protective Effects of Forsythiaside-A and the Molecular Regulation in a Mouse Model.
abstract: This study examined the inhibitory effect of forsythiaside-A, a natural substance derived from Forsythia suspensa (F. suspensa), on entry into catagen induced by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in an androgenic alopecia mouse model. In vitro experiment comparing finasteride with forsythiaside-A showed that forsythiaside-A treatment resulted in a 30% greater inhibition of DHT-induced apoptosis in human hair dermal papilla cell (HHDPCs) and human keratinocytes (HaCaTs). In vivo experiment showed that mouse hair density and thickness were increased by 50% and 30%, respectively, in the forsythiaside-A-treated group when compared to a DHT group. Tissue histological results revealed that the forsythiaside-A-treated group had an increase in size and shape of the hair follicles and a 1.5 times increase in the follicle anagen/telogen ratio when compared to the finasteride group. Western blot examination of TGF-β2 expression related to apoptosis signaling in mouse skin verified that forsythiaside-A reduced the expression of TGF-β2 by 75% and suppressed apoptosis by reducing the expression of caspase-9 by 40%, and caspase-3 by 53%, which play an roles up-regulator in the apoptosis signal. The forsythiaside-A group also showed a 60% increase in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, which is a factor related to mitochondrial apoptosis. Our results indicated that forsythiaside-A prevents apoptosis by similar mechanism with finasteride, but forsythiaside-A is more effective than finasteride. In summary, forsythiaside-A controlled the apoptosis of hair cells and retarded the entry into the catagen phase and therefore represents a natural product with much potential for use as a treatment for androgenic alopecia.
authors: Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-Dong, Yongin, 446-701, Republic of Korea.
authors: Heon-Sub
authors: HS
authors: Shin
authors: Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-Dong, Yongin, 446-701, Republic of Korea.
authors: Sang-Yong
authors: SY
authors: Park
authors: Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-Dong, Yongin, 446-701, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hyun-Geun
authors: HG
authors: Song
authors: Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-Dong, Yongin, 446-701, Republic of Korea.
authors: Eunson
authors: E
authors: Hwang
authors: Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-Dong, Yongin, 446-701, Republic of Korea.
authors: Don-Gil
authors: DG
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-Dong, Yongin, 446-701, Republic of Korea.
authors: Tae-Hoo
authors: TH
authors: Yi
mesh_terms: D000505:Alopecia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D031657:Forsythia / Q000737:chemistry*; D006027:Glycosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018859:Hair Follicle / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D053781:Transforming Growth Factor beta2 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006027:Glycosides; C509042:Tgfb2 protein, mouse; D053781:Transforming Growth Factor beta2; C505409:Casp3 protein, mouse; C506434:Casp9 protein, mouse; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9; C058049:forsythiaside
keywords: TGF-β2; androgenic alopecia; apoptosis; dihydrotestosterone; forsythiaside-A