title: Development of a reliable, valid measure to assess parents' and teachers' understanding of postural care for children with physical disabilities: the (UKC PostCarD) questionnaire.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous research has highlighted lack of knowledge, understanding and confidence among parents and teachers responsible for the postural care of children with physical disability. Interventions designed to improve these qualities require a reliable and validated tool to assess pre- and post-intervention levels. Currently, however, no validated measure of postural care confidence (i.e. self-efficacy) exists. Hence, the aim of this research was to develop a reliable and valid questionnaire to assess parents' and teachers' confidence, alongside knowledge and understanding of postural care - the Understanding Knowledge and Confidence in providing POSTural CARe for children with Disabilities (UKC PostCarD) questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  Items were developed by a multidisciplinary team and designed to map onto the content of 'An A-to-Z of Postural Care'. Parents, teachers and therapists assessed items for face validity. Scale reliability was then assessed using Cronbach's alpha and known-group validity was assessed by comparing scores of an 'expert' group (physiotherapists and occupational therapists) with those of a 'non-expert' group (with no formal training in postural care).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total scale and all three subscales (understanding and knowledge, confidence and concerns) demonstrated adequate reliability (α > 0.83) and subscale correlations formed a logical pattern (understanding and knowledge correlated positively with confidence and negatively with concerns). Experts' (n = 111) scores were higher than non-experts' (n = 79) for the total scale and all subscales (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings support the reliability and validity of the UKC PostCarD questionnaire as a measure of understanding, knowledge and confidence in providing postural care for children with disabilities.
authors: Centre for Health Services Studies, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Hotham
authors: East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Canterbury, UK.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Hutton
authors: Centre for Health Services Studies, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.
authors: K E
authors: KE
authors: Hamilton-West
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D019988:Children with Disabilities; D005178:Faculty; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: postural care; questionnaire development; reliability; self-efficacy; validity