title: Regulation of antiviral T cell responses by type I interferons.
abstract: Type I interferons (IFNs) are pro-inflammatory cytokines that are rapidly induced in different cell types during viral infections. The consequences of type I IFN signalling include direct antiviral activity, innate immune cell activation and regulation of adaptive immune responses. In this Review, we discuss recent conceptual advances in our understanding of indirect and direct regulation of T cell immunity by type I IFNs, which can either promote or inhibit T cell activation, proliferation, differentiation and survival. This regulation depends, to a large extent, on the timing of type I IFN exposure relative to T cell receptor signalling. Type I IFNs also provide activated T cells with resistance to natural killer cell-mediated elimination.
authors: Institute of Microbiology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
authors: Josh
authors: J
authors: Crouse
authors: Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
authors: Ulrich
authors: U
authors: Kalinke
authors: Institute of Microbiology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
authors: Annette
authors: A
authors: Oxenius
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000378:metabolism*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D007370:Interferon Type I