title: Trends in adolescents' perceived parental communication across 32 countries in Europe and North America from 2002 to 2010.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The quality of communication with parents is a determinant of health and well-being during adolescence, being predictive of self-esteem, self-rated health and the ability to navigate health risk behaviours.
  
  
  METHODS
  This article describes trends in adolescent's (aged 11, 13 and 15 years) perception of communication with mothers and fathers by gender across 32 European and North American countries from 2002 to 2010. Analyses were performed on 425 699 records employing a General Linear Model (MANOVA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In most countries, significant increases in the prevalence of ease of communication with both mothers and fathers were observed, with the greatest positive changes over time in Estonia, Denmark and Wales. In some countries, the opposite trend was found with the greatest negative changes occurring in France, Slovenia and Poland. Across the pooled dataset, a significant positive trend was observed for ease of communication with father, for both boys and girls and for ease of communication with mother for boys only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The temporal trends demonstrated an increase in a positive health asset for many young people, that of family communication. Positive trends may be a feature of the economic boom over the past decade coupled with cultural changes in attitudes to parenting, especially fathering.
authors: 1 Adolescent and Child Health Research Group, CRIPACC, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK f.m.brooks@herts.ac.uk.
authors: Fiona
authors: F
authors: Brooks
authors: 2 Institute for Health Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
authors: Apolinaras
authors: A
authors: Zaborskis
authors: 3 Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Izabela
authors: I
authors: Tabak
authors: 4 Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain.
authors: María Del
authors: MD
authors: Carmen Granado Alcón
authors: 5 Department of Health Psychology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
authors: Nida
authors: N
authors: Zemaitiene
authors: 6 The Netherlands Institute for Social Research (SCP), Research Sector Care, Emancipation, and Time Use, The Hague, The Netherlands.
authors: Simone
authors: S
authors: de Roos
authors: 7 Adolescent and Child Health Research Group, CRIPACC, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK.
authors: Elene
authors: E
authors: Klemera
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D002648:Child; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009656:North America; D010287:Parent-Child Relations