title: Biomimetic scaffolds based on hydroxyapatite nanorod/poly(D,L) lactic acid with their corresponding apatite-forming capability and biocompatibility for bone-tissue engineering.
abstract: This study presents a facile synthesis of biomimetic hydroxyapatite nanorod/poly(D,L) lactic acid (HAp/PDLLA) scaffolds with the use of solvent casting combined with a salt-leaching technique for bone-tissue engineering. Field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to observe the morphologies, pore structures of synthesized scaffolds, interactions between hydroxyapatite nanorods and poly(D,L) lactic acid, as well as the compositions of the scaffolds, respectively. Porosity of the scaffolds was determined using the liquid substitution method. Moreover, the apatite-forming capability of the scaffolds was evaluated through simulated body fluid (SBF) incubation tests, whereas the viability, attachment, and distribution of human osteoblast cells (MG 63 cell line) on the scaffolds were determined through alamarBlue assay and confocal laser microscopy after nuclear staining with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and actin filaments of a cytoskeleton with Oregon Green 488 phalloidin. Results showed that hydroxyapatite nanorod/poly(D,L) lactic acid scaffolds that mimic the structure of natural bone were successfully produced. These scaffolds possessed macropore networks with high porosity (80-84%) and mean pore sizes ranging 117-183 μm. These scaffolds demonstrated excellent apatite-forming capabilities. The rapid formation of bone-like apatites with flower-like morphology was observed after 7 days of incubation in SBFs. The scaffolds that had a high percentage (30 wt.%) of hydroxyapatite demonstrated better cell adhesion, proliferation, and distribution than those with low percentages of hydroxyapatite as the days of culture increased. This work presented an efficient route for developing biomimetic composite scaffolds, which have potential applications in bone-tissue engineering.
authors: School of Chemical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, 1 Dai Co Viet Road, Hanoi, Viet Nam. Electronic address: nga.nguyenkim@hust.edu.vn.
authors: Nguyen Kim
authors: NK
authors: Nga
authors: School of Chemical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, 1 Dai Co Viet Road, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
authors: Tran Thanh
authors: TT
authors: Hoai
authors: Research Center for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development, Hanoi University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai Street, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
authors: Pham Hung
authors: PH
authors: Viet
mesh_terms: D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016062:Porosity; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; D019344:Lactic Acid; C033616:poly(lactide); D017886:Durapatite
keywords: Apatite; Biocompatibility; Biomimetic scaffolds; Bone tissue engineering; Hydroxyapatite nanorods; Poly(d,l) lactic acid