title: A bioguided identification of the active compounds that contribute to the antiproliferative/cytotoxic effects of rosemary extract on colon cancer cells.
abstract: Rosemary extracts have exhibited potential cytostatic or cytotoxic effects in several cancer cell models but their bioactive compounds are yet to be discovered. In this work, the anticancer activity of a rosemary-leaf extract and its fractions were assayed to identify the phenolic compounds responsible for their antiproliferative/cytotoxic effects on a panel of human colon cancer cell lines. Bioguided fractionation of the rosemary-leaf extract was achieved by semi-preparative chromatography. The rosemary extract and the compounds in the fractions were characterized and quantified by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS. Cellular viability in the presence of these fractions and the whole extract was determined after 24 or 48 h incubations by using an MTT assay. Fractions containing diterpenes or triterpenes were the most active but not as much as the whole extract. In conclusion, carnosic acid, carnosol, 12-methoxycarnosic acid, taxodione, hinokione and betulinic acid were the putative candidates that contributed to the observed antiproliferative activity of rosemary in human colon cancer cells. Whether the effects of the extract and fractions are only cytostatic or cytotoxic needs to be elucidated. Nevertheless, the comparative antiproliferative study on the fractions and whole extract revealed potential synergistic effects between several components in the extract that may deserve further attention.
authors: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda Fuentenueva s/n, Granada 18071, Spain; Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Granada 18100, Spain.
authors: Isabel
authors: I
authors: Borrás-Linares
authors: Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Miguel Hernández University, Avda. Universidad s/n, Elche 03202, Spain.
authors: Almudena
authors: A
authors: Pérez-Sánchez
authors: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda Fuentenueva s/n, Granada 18071, Spain; Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Granada 18100, Spain.
authors: Jesús
authors: J
authors: Lozano-Sánchez
authors: Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Miguel Hernández University, Avda. Universidad s/n, Elche 03202, Spain.
authors: Enrique
authors: E
authors: Barrajón-Catalán
authors: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda Fuentenueva s/n, Granada 18071, Spain; Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Granada 18100, Spain. Electronic address: darraez@ugr.es.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Arráez-Román
authors: Laboratory of Foodomics, CIAL (CSIC), Nicolas Cabrera 9, Madrid 28049, Spain.
authors: Alejandro
authors: A
authors: Cifuentes
authors: Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Miguel Hernández University, Avda. Universidad s/n, Elche 03202, Spain; CIBER (CB12/03/30038, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III).
authors: Vicente
authors: V
authors: Micol
authors: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda Fuentenueva s/n, Granada 18071, Spain; Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Granada 18100, Spain.
authors: Antonio Segura
authors: AS
authors: Carretero
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006801:Humans; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D027542:Rosmarinus / Q000737:chemistry*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Antiproliferative activity; Colon cancer; Cytotoxicity; HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS; Rosemary; Terpenoids