title: Intrafamilial associations of cardiometabolic risk factors--results of the Ulm Birth Cohort Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The identification of genetic, early childhood and lifestyle factors related to cardiometabolic risk factors in childhood is important for the development of preventive strategies against cardiovascular diseases. Intrafamilial associations of cardiometabolic risk factors are rarely studied and the few existing results are inconsistent.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the relationship of cardiometabolic risk factors in parent-offspring pairs (trios) of the prospective Ulm Birth Cohort Study (UBCS).
  
  
  METHODS
  At the 8-yr follow-up examination of the UBCS weights, heights, waist circumferences (WC), systolic (sysBP) and diastolic blood pressure (diasBP) of n=304 8 yrs old children and their parents were measured. Fasting plasma samples were collected and concentrations of insulin, glucose, retinol-binding-protein 4 (RBP4), adiponectin, leptin, apolipoprotein A and B (ApoA, ApoB) were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BMI values and WC were stronger related in father-offspring than in mother-offspring pairs. Adjustment for potential confounders did not change these results. Fasting plasma concentrations of insulin, glucose, RBP4, ApoB, sysBP and diastBP were stronger correlated in mother-offspring than in father-offspring pairs also after adjusting for potential confounders. Offsprings of fathers that have ≥3 cardiometabolic risk factors had 0.74 kg/m2 higher BMI values and 2.34 cm higher WC compared to offsprings of the reference group (both parents having <3 cardiometabolic risk factors). There was a trend for higher fasting plasma insulin concentrations in offsprings where the mother had ≥3 cardiometabolic risk factors compared to offsprings of the reference group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results might be explained by gender-specific genetic factors as well as by early life programming.
authors: University Medical Center Ulm, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, 89075 Ulm, Germany.
authors: Stephanie
authors: S
authors: Brandt
authors: University Medical Center Ulm, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, 89075 Ulm, Germany.
authors: Anja
authors: A
authors: Moß
authors: University Medical Center Ulm, Department of Internal Medicine II, Cardiology, University Medical Center Ulm, 89077 Ulm, Germany.
authors: Wolfgang
authors: W
authors: Koenig
authors: Ulm University, Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, 89075 Ulm, Germany.
authors: Dietrich
authors: D
authors: Rothenbacher
authors: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors: Hermann
authors: H
authors: Brenner
authors: University Medical Center Ulm, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, 89075 Ulm, Germany. Electronic address: martin.wabitsch@uniklinik-ulm.de.
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Wabitsch
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D053299:Apolipoprotein B-100 / Q000097:blood; D001054:Apolipoproteins A / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D005220:Fathers; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D040941:Heredity; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008019:Life Style; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009035:Mothers; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D054839:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; C569471:APOB protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D053299:Apolipoprotein B-100; D001054:Apolipoproteins A; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; C101326:RBP4 protein, human; D054839:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma
keywords: BMI; Correlation; Family; Genetic; Insulin; Perinatal programming; Waist circumference