title: Near infrared radiation protects against oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced neurotoxicity by down-regulating neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) activity in vitro.
abstract: Near infrared radiation (NIR) has been shown to be neuroprotective against neurological diseases including stroke and brain trauma, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the current study we aimed to investigate the hypothesis that NIR may protect neurons by attenuating oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production and modulating cell survival/death signaling. Primary mouse cortical neurons were subjected to 4 h OGD and NIR was applied at 2 h reoxygenation. OGD significantly increased NO level in primary neurons compared to normal control, which was significantly ameliorated by NIR at 5 and 30 min post-NIR. Neither OGD nor NIR significantly changed neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) mRNA or total protein levels compared to control groups. However, OGD significantly increased nNOS activity compared to normal control, and this effect was significantly diminished by NIR. Moreover, NIR significantly ameliorated the neuronal death induced by S-Nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine (SNAP), a NO donor. Finally, NIR significantly rescued OGD-induced suppression of p-Akt and Bcl-2 expression, and attenuated OGD-induced upregulation of Bax, BAD and caspase-3 activation. These results suggest NIR may protect against OGD at least partially through reducing NO production by down-regulating nNOS activity, and modulating cell survival/death signaling.
authors: Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Room 2401, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA, Yu.Zhanyang@mgh.harvard.edu.
authors: Zhanyang
authors: Z
authors: Yu
authors: Zhaoyu
authors: Z
authors: Li
authors: Ning
authors: N
authors: Liu
authors: Yunneng
authors: Y
authors: Jizhang
authors: Thomas J
authors: TJ
authors: McCarthy
authors: Clark E
authors: CE
authors: Tedford
authors: Eng H
authors: EH
authors: Lo
authors: Xiaoying
authors: X
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D007259:Infrared Rays; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000528:radiation effects; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; C496321:Nos1 protein, mouse; D005947:Glucose; D010100:Oxygen