title: Premenstrual syndrome and comorbid depression among medical students in the internship stage: a descriptive study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a cluster of physical and emotional changes that typically begins several days before the menstrual period that disappears quickly after menstruation. It seems that co-occurrence of depression increases the risk and severity of this syndrome. In this cross-sectional research, we evaluated an association between PMS and depression in medical students.
  
  
  METHODS
  A hundred female medical students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences that were available assigned for research. They were divided into two groups after administration of demographic questionnaire and PMS questionnaire made by researchers based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition-Technical Revision; group with or without PMS diagnosis. Then, they completed Beck's Depression Inventory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 100 participants, 55% (n = 55) met the PMS criteria and 45% had no PMS. In the PMS group 30% (n = 17) had no depression; 38% (n = 21) had mild depression; 23% (n = 13) had moderate depression; and 7% (n = 4) had severe depression. In the group with no PMS 60% (n = 27) had no depression; 20% (n = 9) had mild depression; 17% (n = 8) had moderate depression; 2% (n = 1) had severe depression. The rate of depression was significantly higher in PMS group (p = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this research, PMS had an elevated frequency in medical students. In students with PMS, rate of depression was higher than students without PMS.
authors: Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Imam Hossein Medical Center, Behavior Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Seyed Saeed
authors: SS
authors: Sadr
authors: Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Imam Hosein Medical Center, Behavior Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Seyed Mehdi
authors: SM
authors: Samimi Ardestani
authors: Assistant Professor, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Imam Hosein Medical Center, Behavior Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Katayoon
authors: K
authors: Razjouyan
authors: General Practitioner, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Mahboobeh
authors: M
authors: Daneshvari
authors: Assistant Professor, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Mofid Medical Center, Behavior Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Ghazal
authors: G
authors: Zahed
keywords: Depression; Medical Students; Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder; Premenstrual Syndrome