title: MRI-Defined Corpus Callosal Atrophy in Multiple Sclerosis: A Comparison of Volumetric Measurements, Corpus Callosum Area and Index.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare corpus callosum area (CCA) and corpus callosum index (CCI) in terms of feasibility and their performance as biomarkers for cognitive and physical disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). A secondary aim was to compare these two methods with volumetric measurements.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was based on a cohort of 37 MS patients and a group of age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Physical disability was assessed with the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and cognitive disability with the symbol digit modalities test (SDMT). CCA and CCI were assessed on midsagittal brain MRI by 3 raters with varying radiological experience. Volumes of the brain, gray and white matter, corpus callosum, and MS lesions were acquired with Freesurfer and Lesion Segmentation Toolbox for Statistical Parametric Mapping.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CCA and CCI were obtained within seconds with excellent intra- and inter-rater agreement, and outperformed volumetric measurements. CCA had the strongest correlations with both SDMT (r = .82, P < .001) and EDSS (r = -.56, P < .001), and the highest accuracy in differentiating patients from controls (95%) and relapse-remitting MS from progressive forms of MS (77%). CCI performed less well (r = .73, P < .001; r = -.45, P < .001; 94%; 71%). CCA also outperformed the volumetric measurements in these regards.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CCA is a time-effective and robust biomarker that has stronger correlations with both EDSS and information processing speed than CCI and volumetric measurements that are commonly used as outcome measures in MS research and clinical trials.
authors: Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Tobias
authors: T
authors: Granberg
authors: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Gösta
authors: G
authors: Bergendal
authors: Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Shams
authors: Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Aspelin
authors: Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Kristoffersen-Wiberg
authors: Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Sten
authors: S
authors: Fredrikson
authors: Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Juha
authors: J
authors: Martola
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001284:Atrophy / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009929:Organ Size
keywords: Corpus callosum area; MRI; corpus callosum index; multiple sclerosis; volumetry