title: Effect of creatine malate supplementation on physical performance, body composition and selected hormone levels in spinters and long-distance runners.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to determine whether creatine malate (CML) supplementation results in similar ergogenic effect in sprinters and long-distance runners. The other goal was to compare changes in body composition, physical performance and hormone levels after six-week training in athletes, divided into subgroups supplemented with creatine malate or taking placebo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six-week supplementation combined with physical training induced different effects in athletes. Significantly higher increases in relative and absolute peak power and total work (p < 0.05) were found in sprinters compared to other groups. Except for growth hormone, post-exercise venous blood serum hormone levels exhibited no statistically significant differences in athletes. After CML loading period, a significant increase in growth hormone was found in the group of sprinters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A significant ergogenic effect was found in sprinters, which was reflected by the increase in anaerobic exercise indices and morphological indices and elevated growth hormone level, after graded exercise testing. The significant increase in the distance covered during graded test was only observed in supplemented long-distance runners, whereas no significant changes in maximal oxygen uptake, relative peak power and relative total work were noticed. This could be caused by later anaerobic threshold appearance in exercise test to exhaustion.
authors: University of Physical Education Department of Recreation and Biological Regeneration, Faculty of Tourism and Leisure Cracow Poland.
authors: A K
authors: AK
authors: Tyka
authors: University of Physical Education Doctoral Studies, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Cracow Poland.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Chwastowski
authors: University of Physical Education Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Al. Jana Pawla II 78 31-571 Cracow Poland.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Cison
authors: University of Physical Education Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Al. Jana Pawla II 78 31-571 Cracow Poland.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Palka
authors: University of Physical Education Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Al. Jana Pawla II 78 31-571 Cracow Poland.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Tyka
authors: University of Physical Education Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Al. Jana Pawla II 78 31-571 Cracow Poland.
authors: Z
authors: Z
authors: Szygula
authors: University of Physical Education Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Al. Jana Pawla II 78 31-571 Cracow Poland.
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Pilch
authors: University of Physical Education Department of the Theory and Methodology of Water Sports, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Cracow Poland.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Strzala
authors: University of Granada Faculty of Education Granada Spain.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Cepero
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D003401:Creatine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008293:Malates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D008293:Malates; C030298:malic acid; D003401:Creatine
keywords: body composition; cortisol; creatine malate supplementation; growth hormone; long-distance runners; maximal oxygen uptake; peak power output; sprinters; testosterone