title: Recombinant Human Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Promotes Cementogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells.
abstract: The periodontium, consisting of gingiva, periodontal ligament (PDL), cementum, and alveolar bone, is necessary for the maintenance of tooth function. Specifically, the regenerative abilities of cementum with inserted PDL are important for the prevention of tooth loss. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), which are located in the connective tissue PDL between the cementum and alveolar bone, are an attractive candidate for hard tissue formation. We investigated the effects of recombinant human plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (rhPAI-1) on cementogenic differentiation of human PDLSCs (hPDLSCs) in vitro and in vivo. Untreated and rhPAI-1-treated hPDLSCs mixed with hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) and dentin matrix were transplanted subcutaneously into the dorsal surface of immunocompromised mice to assess their capacity for hard tissue formation at 8 and 10 weeks posttransplantation. rhPAI-1 accelerated mineral nodule formation and increased the mRNA expression of cementoblast-associated markers in hPDLSCs. We also observed that rhPAI-1 upregulated the levels of osterix (OSX) and cementum protein 1 (CEMP1) through Smad2/3 and p38 pathways, whereas specific inhibitors of Smad3 and p38 inhibited the enhancement of mineralization of hPDLSCs by rhPAI-1. Furthermore, transplantation of hPDLSCs with rhPAI-1 showed a great ability to promote cementogenic differentiation. Notably, rhPAI-1 induced hPDLSCs to regenerate cementum-like tissue with PDL fibers inserted into newly formed cementum-like tissue. These results suggest that rhPAI-1 may play a key role in cementogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. rhPAI-1 with hPDLSCs may be a good candidate for future clinical applications in periodontal tissue regeneration and possibly in tooth root bioengineering.
authors: 1 Tooth Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea.
authors: Hexiu
authors: H
authors: Jin
authors: 2 Program of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Histology and Development Biology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea.
authors: Han-Wool
authors: HW
authors: Choung
authors: 3 Department of Biosystems Engineering, Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Korea.
authors: Ki-Taek
authors: KT
authors: Lim
authors: 1 Tooth Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea.
authors: Bin
authors: B
authors: Jin
authors: 2 Program of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Histology and Development Biology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea.
authors: Chengbiao
authors: C
authors: Jin
authors: 4 Department of Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea.
authors: Jong-Hoon
authors: JH
authors: Chung
authors: 1 Tooth Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea.
authors: Pill-Hoon
authors: PH
authors: Choung
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D025021:Cementogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D049690:History, Ancient; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010513:Periodontal Ligament; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human