title: Tuberculosis and HIV co-infection-focus on the Asia-Pacific region.
abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading opportunistic disease and cause of death in patients with HIV infection. In 2013 there were 1.1 million new TB/HIV co-infected cases globally, accounting for 12% of incident TB cases and 360,000 deaths. The Asia-Pacific region, which contributes more than a half of all TB cases worldwide, traditionally reports low TB/HIV co-infection rates. However, routine testing of TB patients for HIV infection is not universally implemented and the estimated prevalence of HIV in new TB cases increased to 6.3% in 2013. Although HIV infection rates have not seen the rapid rise observed in Sub-Saharan Africa, indications are that rates are increasing among specific high-risk groups. This paper reviews the risks of TB exposure and progression to disease, including the risk of TB recurrence, in this vulnerable population. There is urgency to scale up interventions such as intensified TB case-finding, isoniazid preventive therapy, and TB infection control, as well as HIV testing and improved access to antiretroviral treatment. Increased awareness and concerted action is required to reduce TB/HIV co-infection rates in the Asia-Pacific region and to improve the outcomes of people living with HIV.
authors: Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity (MBI), The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Infectious Disease and Microbiology - Public Health, ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Tuberculosis Laboratory, Vietnam National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam. Electronic address: qtri6675@uni.sydney.edu.au.
authors: Q M
authors: QM
authors: Trinh
authors: Vietnam Administration of HIV/AIDS Control, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors: H L
authors: HL
authors: Nguyen
authors: Vietnam National Lung Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors: V N
authors: VN
authors: Nguyen
authors: Tuberculosis Laboratory, Vietnam National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors: T V A
authors: TV
authors: Nguyen
authors: Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity (MBI), The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Infectious Disease and Microbiology - Public Health, ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Sintchenko
authors: Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity (MBI), The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors: B J
authors: BJ
authors: Marais
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017954:Africa South of the Sahara; D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D060085:Coinfection / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012008:Recurrence; D012306:Risk; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: Co-infection; HIV; Tuberculosis