title: Celiac Disease Alone and Associated With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to evaluate complication screening and follow-up patterns in a population with type 1 diabetes mellitus and celiac disease (T1D/CD) in relation to a matched cohort with celiac disease (CD) alone at our center.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the health charts of 41 children with T1D and biopsy-proven CD and compared anthropometrics and complication of screening within 2 years from CD diagnosis. Follow-up patterns were determined 3 years postdiagnosis. This population was then compared with a population with both symptomatic and asymptomatic CD matched for age and sex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In comparison with T1D/CD, patients with CD alone had a significantly lower height, weight and body mass index (BMI z score 0.01 vs 0.81, P = 0.001) and higher rates of screening for anemia (95% vs 71%, P = 0.003) and bone health (49% vs 29%, P = 0.05). Minimal rates of laboratory abnormalities were observed in either group, irrespective of symptoms at presentation, but CD alone more often presented with anemia than T1D/CD. Repeat serology testing was significantly more frequently performed in the T1D/CD group. Follow-up was equally variable with a median of 3 (range 0-4) visits with a gastroenterologist during the first 3 years postdiagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that patients with T1D/CD represent a distinct and possibly milder phenotype from CD alone. Complication screening was variable and negative for the majority of the patients. Guidelines for follow-up may need to be tailored to specific groups to standardize evaluation and complication screening, especially with regard to bone health.
authors: *Division of Endocrinology and Gastroenterology †Division of Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors: Alexandra
authors: A
authors: Tsouka
authors: Farid H
authors: FH
authors: Mahmud
authors: Margaret A
authors: MA
authors: Marcon
mesh_terms: D000740:Anemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D000886:Anthropometry; D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D010641:Phenotype; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D063189:Symptom Assessment / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*