title: Latinos with diabetes and food insecurity in an agricultural community.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Latinos from agricultural communities have a high prevalence of food insecurity and are at increased risk of obesity and diabetes, yet little is known about the associations between food insecurity and diabetes outcomes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the associations between food insecurity and diabetes outcomes among rural Latinos.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey with medical chart abstraction of 250 Latinos with diabetes. Primary outcomes are the control of 3 intermediate diabetes outcomes (hemoglobin A1C ≤8.0%, LDL-cholesterol ≤100 mg/dL, and blood pressure ≤140/90 mm Hg), a composite of control of the 3, and receipt of 6 processes of care. Secondary outcomes are cost-related medication underuse and participation in self-care activities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-two percent of patients reported food insecurity and 1-in-4 reported cost-related medication underuse. Patients with food insecurity were more likely to report cost-related medication underuse [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=2.49; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.30, 4.98; P=0.003], less likely to meet the composite measure for control of the 3 intermediate outcomes (AOR=0.24; 95% CI, 0.07, 0.84; P<0.05), and less likely to receive a dilated eye examination (AOR=0.37; 95% CI, 0.18, 0.77; P<0.05) and annual foot examinations (AOR=0.42; 95% CI, 0.20, 0.84; P<0.05) compared with those who were food secure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among this rural Latino population, food insecurity was independently associated with not having control of the intermediate diabetes outcomes captured in the composite measure, not receiving dilated eye and foot examinations, and with self-reporting cost-related medication underuse.
authors: *UCLA Department of Family Medicine, Los Angeles, CA †School of Medicine ‡School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA §Department of Psychology at the University of California, Davis ∥Golden Valley Health Centers Inc., Merced ¶UCLA Department of General Internal Medicine, Division of Health Services, Los Angeles #Community Medical Centers Inc, Stockton **UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA.
authors: Gerardo
authors: G
authors: Moreno
authors: Leo S
authors: LS
authors: Morales
authors: Marilu
authors: M
authors: Isiordia
authors: Fatima N
authors: FN
authors: de Jaimes
authors: Chi-Hong
authors: CH
authors: Tseng
authors: Christine
authors: C
authors: Noguera
authors: Carol M
authors: CM
authors: Mangione
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology*; D005252:Fees, Pharmaceutical; D005260:Female; D005523:Food Supply / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D008875:Middle Aged; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents