title: Mechanisms involved in the anti-inflammatory action of a polysulfated fraction from Gracilaria cornea in rats.
abstract: The anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the sulfated polysaccharidic fraction obtained from red marine alga Gracilaria cornea (Gc-FI) were investigated using a paw edema model induced in rats by different inflammatory agents (carrageenan, dextran, serotonin, bradykinin, compound 48/80 or L-arginine). Gc-FI at the doses of 3, 9 or 27 mg/kg, subcutaneously--s.c., significantly inhibited rat paw edema induced by carrageenan and dextran, as confirmed by myeloperoxidase and Evans' blue assessments, respectively. Gc-FI (9 mg/kg, s.c.) inhibited rat paw edema induced by histamine, compound 48/80 and L-arginine. Additionally, Gc-FI (9 mg/kg, s.c.) inhibited Cg-induced edema in animals with intact mast cells but did not inhibit that with degranulated mast cells by compound 48/80, revealing a protective role on mast cell membranes. Gc-FI down-regulated the IL-1β, TNF-α and COX-2 mRNA and protein levels compared with those of the carrageenan group, based on qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry analyses. After inhibition with ZnPP IX, a specific heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor, the anti-inflammatory effect of Gc-FI was not observed in Cg-induced paw edema, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory effect of Gc-FI is, in part, dependent on the integrity of the HO-1 pathway. Gc-FI can target a combination of multiple points involved in inflammatory phenomena.
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors: Chistiane Oliveira
authors: CO
authors: Coura
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors: Ricardo Basto
authors: RB
authors: Souza
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors: José Ariévilo Gurgel
authors: JA
authors: Rodrigues
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors: Edfranck de Sousa Oliveira
authors: Ede S
authors: Vanderlei
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors: Ianna Wivianne Fernandes
authors: IW
authors: de Araújo
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors: Natássia Albuquerque
authors: NA
authors: Ribeiro
authors: Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil.
authors: Annyta Fernandes
authors: AF
authors: Frota
authors: Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil.
authors: Kátia Alves
authors: KA
authors: Ribeiro
authors: Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil.
authors: Hellíada Vasconcelos
authors: HV
authors: Chaves
authors: Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil.
authors: Karuza Maria Alves
authors: KM
authors: Pereira
authors: Biotechnology Nucleus of Sobral, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil.
authors: Rodrigo Maranguape Silva
authors: RM
authors: da Cunha
authors: Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil.
authors: Mirna Marques
authors: MM
authors: Bezerra
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors: Norma Maria Barros
authors: NM
authors: Benevides
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002351:Carrageenan; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D044724:Gracilaria; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002351:Carrageenan; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2