title: Modification of the cell adhesion and hydrophilic characteristics of poly(ether-ether-ketone) by 172-nm xenon excimer radiation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) has biomechanical and chemical properties that are excellent for biomedical applications; however, PEEK adhesion to bone or chondral tissue proceeds slowly due to poor hydrophilicity and other surface characteristics.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the structural change, hydrophilicity, and cytocompatibility of a PEEK surface after 172-nm xenon excimer UV-irradiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The surface characteristics before and after irradiation were evaluated by contact angle and ATR-FTIR measurements. Mouse osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1) were cultured on PEEK plates and collected after 6, 12 and 24 h for cell adhesion analysis by crystal violet staining (CVS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  UV-irradiation improved PEEK surface hydrophilicity, as indicated by a significant drop in water contact angle (p<0.05). Irradiated PEEK showed additional peaks around 3370 cm-1 and 1720 cm-1, highlighting the generation of hydroxyl and carbonyl groups. CVS and SEM revealed improved adhesion to the PEEK surface after UV-irradiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that 172-nm UV-irradiated PEEK may be used in biomedical applications that require good cell adhesion.
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School, Okayama, Japan.
authors: Yukimasa
authors: Y
authors: Okada
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School, Okayama, Japan.
authors: Takayuki
authors: T
authors: Furumatsu
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School, Okayama, Japan.
authors: Shinichi
authors: S
authors: Miyazawa
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School, Okayama, Japan.
authors: Masataka
authors: M
authors: Fujii
authors: Nakashima Medical Co., Ltd, Okayama, Japan.
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Takahashi
authors: Nakashima Medical Co., Ltd, Okayama, Japan.
authors: Hiroomi
authors: H
authors: Kimura
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School, Okayama, Japan.
authors: Toshifumi
authors: T
authors: Ozaki
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sport Medicine, Kawasaki Hospital, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan.
authors: Nobuhiro
authors: N
authors: Abe
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D001577:Benzophenones; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions / Q000528:radiation effects*; D007659:Ketones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011108:Polymers; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013499:Surface Properties; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014978:Xenon / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001577:Benzophenones; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D007659:Ketones; D011108:Polymers; D014867:Water; C063834:polyetheretherketone; D014978:Xenon; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols
keywords: Poly(ether-ether-ketone); UV-irradiation; cytocompatibility