title: Chronic lead exposure decreases the vascular reactivity of rat aortas: the role of hydrogen peroxide.
abstract: We investigated whether exposure to small concentrations of lead alters blood pressure and vascular reactivity. Male Wistar rats were sorted randomly into the following two groups: control (Ct) and treatment with 100 ppm of lead (Pb), which was added to drinking water, for 30 days. Systolic blood pressure (BP) was measured weekly. Following treatment, aortic ring vascular reactivity was assessed. Tissue samples were properly stored for further biochemical investigation. The lead concentration in the blood reached approximately 8 μg/dL. Treatment increased blood pressure and decreased the contractile responses of the aortic rings to phenylephrine (1 nM-100 mM). Following N-nitro-L arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) administration, contractile responses increased in both groups but did not differ significantly between them. Lead effects on Rmax were decreased compared to control subjects following superoxide dismutase (SOD) administration. Catalase, diethyldithiocarbamic acid (DETCA), and apocynin increased the vasoconstrictor response induced by phenylephrine in the aortas of lead-treated rats but did not increase the vasoconstrictor response in the aortas of untreated rats. Tetraethylammonium (TEA) potentiated the vasoconstrictor response induced by phenylephrine in aortic segments in both groups, but these effects were greater in lead-treated rats. The co-incubation of TEA and catalase abolished the vasodilatory effect noted in the lead group. The present study is the first to demonstrate that blood lead concentrations well below the values established by international legislation increased blood pressure and decreased phenylephrine-induced vascular reactivity. The latter effect was associated with oxidative stress, specifically oxidative stress induced via increases in hydrogen peroxide levels and the subsequent effects of hydrogen peroxide on potassium channels.
authors: Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
authors: Karolini Zuqui
authors: KZ
authors: Nunes
authors: Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
authors: Dieli Oliveira
authors: DO
authors: Nunes
authors: Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
authors: Edna Aparecida
authors: EA
authors: Silveira
authors: Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
authors: Camila
authors: C
authors: Almenara Cruz Pereira
authors: Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
authors: Gilson Brás
authors: GB
authors: Broseghini Filho
authors: Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil; Health Science Centre of Vitória-EMESCAM, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
authors: Dalton Valentim
authors: DV
authors: Vassallo
authors: Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil; Department of Nursing, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
authors: Mirian
authors: M
authors: Fioresi
mesh_terms: D000098:Acetophenones / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004050:Ditiocarb / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000494:pharmacology; D019789:Tetraethylammonium / Q000494:pharmacology; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000098:Acetophenones; D015221:Potassium Channels; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D010656:Phenylephrine; D007854:Lead; D019789:Tetraethylammonium; D004050:Ditiocarb; C056165:acetovanillone; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester