title: Ionizing radiation increases primary cilia incidence and induces multiciliation in C2C12 myoblasts.
abstract: Primary cilia act as physical-chemical sensors and their functions include the perception of the extracellular milieu, regulation of organogenesis, and cell polarity. In general, these cells are monociliated and the single cilium possesses diverse receptors and channels which are involved in morphogenesis and growth signaling, and are, therefore, important for cell proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we used an in vitro model of C2C12 myoblasts to evaluate the effect of DNA damage induced by gamma ionizing radiation on primary cilia incidence. A significantly higher number of ciliated cells were observed after 1 day post-irradiation with 2-20 Gy when compared with non-irradiated cells. After 3 days post-irradiation, the cilia incidence in cells had decreased slightly when treated with 2, 6, and 10 Gy, although an increase in incidence rate was observed in cells treated with 20 Gy. Multi-ciliated cells were also detected in myoblasts irradiated with 10 and 20 Gy but not in non-irradiated cells or after low irradiation (2-6 Gy). Irradiation also caused a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability and proliferation and corresponding cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, an activation of caspases 3/7, 8, and 9 was observed after higher radiation (10 and 20 Gy) with increased apoptosis. Together, our results show that irradiation by gamma rays promotes myoblast ciliogenesis, with pronounced effects observed after 3 days post-irradiation. We conclude that irradiation doses of 10 and 20 Gy are sufficient to induce cell death and are responsible for the formation of multiple cilia originating from multiple basal bodies.
authors: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Sokolská 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
authors: Alžběta
authors: A
authors: Filipová
authors: Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Diaz-Garcia
authors: Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
authors: Aleš
authors: A
authors: Bezrouk
authors: Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
authors: Dana
authors: D
authors: Čížková
authors: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Sokolská 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
authors: Radim
authors: R
authors: Havelek
authors: Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
authors: Jiřina
authors: J
authors: Vávrová
authors: Department of Molecular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic.|Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1198, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.|Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes-Sorbonne, Paris, France.
authors: Govindan
authors: G
authors: Dayanithi
authors: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Sokolská 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
authors: Martina
authors: M
authors: Řezacová
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000528:radiation effects; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000528:radiation effects; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000528:radiation effects; D018385:Centrosome / Q000528:radiation effects; D002923:Cilia / Q000528:radiation effects*; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded; D004249:DNA Damage; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D006801:Humans; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011839:Radiation, Ionizing
chemical_list: D020169:Caspases
keywords: cell line; ionizing radiation; multiple cilia; myoblast; primary cilium; serum starvation stress