title: Physical exercise and redox balance in type 2 diabetics: effects of moderate training on biomarkers of oxidative stress and DNA damage evaluated through comet assay.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hyperglycemia leads to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in type 2 diabetes, which reduces cellular antioxidant defenses and induces DNA lesions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects on redox homeostasis and DNA oxidative damage of exercise training in patients with type 2 diabetes compared with nondiabetic individuals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  12 sedentary type 2 diabetic males (62.1 ± 4.3 yrs) and 12 sedentary healthy males (61.7 ± 3.9 yrs) were exposed to 4-month moderate training, 3 times per week, to evaluate the effect on plasma biomarkers of oxidative stress malondialdehyde and antioxidant status (GSSG, GSH/GSSG, and ascorbic acid) as well as basal and H2O2-induced DNA damage trough alkaline comet assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes. After training, glutathione and ascorbic acid levels increased in both groups, but only in diabetics the malondialdehyde as well as the DNA damage decreased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrates for the first time that moderate exercise training is not only effective in improving the redox homeostasis, through an increase of the endogenous antioxidant defences in healthy as well as in diabetic patients, but also, specifically in diabetic patients, effective in lowering the susceptibility to oxidative DNA damage and the lipid peroxidation levels.
authors: Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy.
authors: Monica
authors: M
authors: Pittaluga
authors: Department of Geriatrics, Gerontology and Physiatrics, University Hospital Agostino Gemelli, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Sgadari
authors: Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy.
authors: Ivan
authors: I
authors: Dimauro
authors: Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Agostino Gemelli, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Tavazzi
authors: Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy.
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Parisi
authors: Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy.
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Caporossi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D015444:Exercise; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000633:toxicity; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D005978:Glutathione; D001205:Ascorbic Acid