title: Myosin-II-mediated cell shape changes and cell intercalation contribute to primitive streak formation.
abstract: Primitive streak formation in the chick embryo involves large-scale highly coordinated flows of more than 100,000 cells in the epiblast. These large-scale tissue flows and deformations can be correlated with specific anisotropic cell behaviours in the forming mesendoderm through a combination of light-sheet microscopy and computational analysis. Relevant behaviours include apical contraction, elongation along the apical-basal axis followed by ingression, and asynchronous directional cell intercalation of small groups of mesendoderm cells. Cell intercalation is associated with sequential, directional contraction of apical junctions, the onset, localization and direction of which correlate strongly with the appearance of active myosin II cables in aligned apical junctions in neighbouring cells. Use of class specific myosin inhibitors and gene-specific knockdown shows that apical contraction and intercalation are myosin II dependent and also reveal critical roles for myosin I and myosin V family members in the assembly of junctional myosin II cables.
authors: Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK.
authors: Emil
authors: E
authors: Rozbicki
authors: Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK.
authors: Manli
authors: M
authors: Chuai
authors: Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK.
authors: Antti I
authors: AI
authors: Karjalainen
authors: The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
authors: Feifei
authors: F
authors: Song
authors: The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
authors: Helen M
authors: HM
authors: Sang
authors: Department Chemie, Technische Universität, Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
authors: René
authors: R
authors: Martin
authors: Department Chemie, Technische Universität, Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
authors: Hans-Joachim
authors: HJ
authors: Knölker
authors: Division of Physics, School of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK.|Institute for Medical Science and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD2 1FD, Scotland UK.
authors: Michael P
authors: MP
authors: MacDonald
authors: Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK.
authors: Cornelis J
authors: CJ
authors: Weijer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000502:physiology*; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens; D054262:Gastrulation / Q000502:physiology; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006576:Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000494:pharmacology; D024461:Myosin Type I / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D024462:Myosin Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D024701:Myosin Type V / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D054240:Primitive Streak / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000494:pharmacology; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering
chemical_list: D006576:Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D011758:Pyrroles; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C094409:pentabromopseudilin; C493099:pentachloropseudilin; C472645:blebbistatin; D024461:Myosin Type I; D024462:Myosin Type II; D024701:Myosin Type V