title: Characterizing low fluence thresholds for in vitro photodynamic therapy.
abstract: The translation of photodynamic therapy (PDT) to the clinic has mostly been limited to superficial diseases where traditional light delivery is noninvasive. To overcome this limitation, a variety of mechanisms have been suggested to noninvasively deliver light to deep tissues. This work explores the minimum amount of light required by these methods to produce a meaningful PDT effect in the in vitro setting under representative low fluence and wavelength conditions. This threshold was found to be around 192 mJ/cm(2) using the clinically approved photosensitizer aminolevulinic acid and 12 mJ/cm(2) for the more efficient, second generation photosensitizer TPPS2a.
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors: Brad A
authors: BA
authors: Hartl
authors: Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
authors: Henry
authors: H
authors: Hirschberg
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Marcu
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors: Simon R
authors: SR
authors: Cherry
keywords: (170.0170) Medical optics and biotechnology; (170.5180) Photodynamic therapy