title: Biodegradation of C.I. Acid Red 1 by indigenous bacteria Stenotrophomonas sp. BHUSSp X2 isolated from dye contaminated soil.
abstract: A significant proportion of xenobiotic recalcitrant azo dyes are being released in environment during carpet dyeing. The bacterial strain Stenotrophomonas sp. BHUSSp X2 was isolated from dye contaminated soil of carpet industry, Bhadohi, India. The isolated bacterial strain was identified morphologically, biochemically, and on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence. The isolate decolorized 97 % of C.I. Acid Red 1 (Acid RED G) at the concentration of 200 mg/l within 6 h under optimum static conditions (temperature -35 °C, pH 8, and initial cell concentration 7 × 10(7) cell/ml). Drastic reduction in dye degradation rate was observed beyond initial dye concentration from 500 mg/l (90 %), and it reaches to 25 % at 1000 mg/l under same set of conditions. The analysis related to decolorization and degradation was done using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, HPLC, and FTIR, whereas the GC-MS technique was utilized for the identification of degradation products. Phytotoxicity analysis revealed that degradation products are less toxic as compared to the original dye.
authors: Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
authors: Lata
authors: L
authors: Kumari
authors: Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
authors: Dhanesh
authors: D
authors: Tiwary
authors: Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India. pkmishra.che@itbhu.ac.in.
authors: Pradeep Kumar
authors: PK
authors: Mishra
mesh_terms: D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D007194:India; D009282:Naphthalenesulfonates / Q000032:analysis*; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D020588:Stenotrophomonas / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D009282:Naphthalenesulfonates; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C037541:red 2G
keywords: Biodegradation; Biotransformation; C.I. Acid Red 1; Decolorization; Stenotrophomonas sp. BHUSSp X2; Toxicity; Xenobiotic