title: Hyoid Bone Development: An Assessment Of Optimal CT Scanner Parameters and Three-Dimensional Volume Rendering Techniques.
abstract: The hyoid bone anchors and supports the vocal tract. Its complex shape is best studied in three dimensions, but it is difficult to capture on computed tomography (CT) images and three-dimensional volume renderings. The goal of this study was to determine the optimal CT scanning and rendering parameters to accurately measure the growth and developmental anatomy of the hyoid and to determine whether it is feasible and necessary to use these parameters in the measurement of hyoids from in vivo CT scans. Direct linear and volumetric measurements of skeletonized hyoid bone specimens were compared with corresponding CT images to determine the most accurate scanning parameters and three-dimensional rendering techniques. A pilot study was undertaken using in vivo scans from a retrospective CT database to determine feasibility of quantifying hyoid growth. Scanning parameters and rendering technique affected accuracy of measurements. Most linear CT measurements were within 10% of direct measurements; however, volume was overestimated when CT scans were acquired with a slice thickness greater than 1.25 mm. Slice-by-slice thresholding of hyoid images decreased volume overestimation. The pilot study revealed that the linear measurements tested correlate with age. A fine-tuned rendering approach applied to small slice thickness CT scans produces the most accurate measurements of hyoid bones. However, linear measurements can be accurately assessed from in vivo CT scans at a larger slice thickness. Such findings imply that investigation into the growth and development of the hyoid bone, and the vocal tract as a whole, can now be performed using these techniques.
authors: Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.|Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
authors: Meghan M
authors: MM
authors: Cotter
authors: Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
authors: Brian J
authors: BJ
authors: Whyms
authors: Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
authors: Michael P
authors: MP
authors: Kelly
authors: Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
authors: Benjamin M
authors: BM
authors: Doherty
authors: Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin.
authors: Lindell R
authors: LR
authors: Gentry
authors: Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
authors: Edward T
authors: ET
authors: Bersu
authors: Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
authors: Houri K
authors: HK
authors: Vorperian
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001846:Bone Development; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004867:Equipment Design; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006928:Hyoid Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000254:growth & development; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015898:Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*
keywords: computed tomography (CT); development; hyoid bone; vocal tract