title: Prevalence and characterization of Salmonella isolated from chicken meat in Turkey.
abstract: This study was conducted in a Turkish province to investigate the presence of Salmonella spp. in 150 chicken meat samples using 2 phenotyping techniques: classic culture technique (CCT) and immunomagnetic separation (IMS). For the confirmation of the isolates at molecular levels, invA gene was detected in these isolates. The presence of invA, class 1 (Cls1) integrons, and integrase (Int1) genes was demonstrated by PCR assay; and the resistance of the isolated Salmonella spp. strains to antibiotics was determined by disk diffusion test. All the cultural and PCR results were evaluated together; Salmonella spp. were detected in a total of 64 (42.66%) chicken meat samples. Contamination rate was higher in carcasses (53.33%, n = 75) than in meat pieces (32%, n = 75). When results of standard culture were compared with IMS technique, IMS (n = 54) showed a clear superiority over the CCT (n = 38). A very high resistance rate (≥ 89.28%) to vancomycin, tetracycline, streptomycin, or nalidixic acid was found. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance was present in 32.14%. Relatively lower incidence of resistance (≤ 8.33%) to gentamicin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and ceftriaxone was observed. Concurrent resistance to at least 4 antibiotics was detected in 92.85% of the isolates. Cls1 integrons and Int1 were positive in 80.95% and 95.23% of the isolates, respectively. However, Int1 alone was detected in 15.47% (n = 13). In conclusion, the high prevalence of Salmonella spp. in chicken meat may pose a potential public health risk, and the presence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella spp. isolate together with Cls1 integron and/or integrase might play an important role in horizontal antibiotic gene transfer.
authors: Dept. of Water Products Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis Univ, Samsun, Turkey.
authors: Belgin
authors: B
authors: Siriken
authors: Ondokuz Mayıs İlçe Gıda ve Tarım Hayvancılık Müdürlüğü, Hükümet Konağı, Ondokuz Mayıs, Samsun, Turkey.
authors: Haldun
authors: H
authors: Türk
authors: Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Science, Univ. of Amasya, Amasya, Turkey.
authors: Tuba
authors: T
authors: Yildirim
authors: Dept. of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs Univ, Kurupelit Campus, Samsun, Turkey.
authors: Belma
authors: B
authors: Durupinar
authors: President of Food Control, Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Irfan
authors: I
authors: Erol
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D022761:Gene Transfer, Horizontal / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D019426:Integrases / Q000235:genetics; D032023:Integrons / Q000235:genetics; D008460:Meat / Q000382:microbiology*; D010641:Phenotype; D012475:Salmonella / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D019426:Integrases
keywords: Salmonella; antibiotic resistance; chicken meat; integron