title: The Emerging Potential of the Apelin-APJ System in Heart Failure.
abstract: The apelin-APJ system is a novel neurohormonal pathway, with studies to date suggesting that it may be of pathophysiologic relevance in heart failure and may indeed be a viable therapeutic target in this syndrome. This interest is driven primarily by the demonstration of its vasodilator, inotropic, and aquaretic actions as well as its apparent antagonistic relationship with the renin-angiotensin system. However, its promise is heightened further by the observation that, unlike other and more established cardioprotective pathways, it appears to be down-regulated in heart failure, suggesting that augmentation of this axis may have a powerful effect on the heart failure syndrome. We review the literature regarding the apelin-APJ system in heart failure and suggest areas requiring further research.
authors: British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland; Scottish Advanced Heart Failure Unit, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland. Electronic address: j.dalzell@nhs.net.
authors: Jonathan R
authors: JR
authors: Dalzell
authors: British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland.
authors: John P
authors: JP
authors: Rocchiccioli
authors: Department of Cardiology, Hairmyres Hospital, East Kilbride, Scotland.
authors: Robin A P
authors: RA
authors: Weir
authors: British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland; Scottish Advanced Heart Failure Unit, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland.
authors: Colette E
authors: CE
authors: Jackson
authors: Department of Nephrology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland.
authors: Neal
authors: N
authors: Padmanabhan
authors: Scottish Advanced Heart Failure Unit, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland.
authors: Roy S
authors: RS
authors: Gardner
authors: Scottish Advanced Heart Failure Unit, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland.
authors: Mark C
authors: MC
authors: Petrie
authors: British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland.
authors: John J V
authors: JJ
authors: McMurray
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000075244:Apelin Receptors; D015536:Down-Regulation; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism*; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: C104575:APLNR protein, human; D000075244:Apelin Receptors; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
keywords: APJ; Apelin; heart failure; neurohormone; pathophysiology