title: Retrieval analysis of motion preserving spinal devices and periprosthetic tissues.
abstract: This article reviews certain practical aspects of retrieval analysis for motion preserving spinal implants and periprosthetic tissues as an essential component of the overall revision strategy for these implants. At our institution, we established an international repository for motion-preserving spine implants in 2004. Our repository is currently open to all spine surgeons, and is intended to be inclusive of all cervical and lumbar implant designs such as artificial discs and posterior dynamic stabilization devices. Although a wide range of alternative materials is being investigated for nonfusion spine implants, many of the examples in this review are drawn from our existing repository of metal-on-polyethylene, metal-on-metal lumbar total disc replacements (TDRs), and polyurethane-based dynamic motion preservation devices. These devices are already approved or nearing approval for use in the United States, and hence are the most clinically relevant at the present time. This article summarizes the current literature on the retrieval analysis of these implants and concludes with recommendations for the development of new test methods that are based on the current state of knowledge of in vivo wear and damage mechanisms. Furthermore, the relevance and need to evaluate the surrounding tissue to obtain a complete understanding of the biological reaction to implant component corrosion and wear is reviewed.
authors: Implant Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems and Department of Materials Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA ; Exponent, Inc., 3401 Market St., Suite 300, Philadelphia, PA.
authors: Steven M
authors: SM
authors: Kurtz
authors: Implant Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems and Department of Materials Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA.
authors: Marla
authors: M
authors: Steinbeck
authors: Implant Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems and Department of Materials Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA ; Exponent, Inc., 3401 Market St., Suite 300, Philadelphia, PA.
authors: Allyson
authors: A
authors: Ianuzzi
authors: Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, AZ Maastricht, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands.
authors: André
authors: A
authors: van Ooij
authors: Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, AZ Maastricht, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands.
authors: Ilona M
authors: IM
authors: Punt
authors: Our Lady of the Lake Medical Center, Baton Rouge, LA.
authors: Jorge
authors: J
authors: Isaza
authors: Hope Hospital, Salford, UK.
authors: E R S
authors: ER
authors: Ross
keywords: Artificial discs; Chemical analysis; Dynamic motion preservation; Explant analysis; Histology; Mechanical testing; PU; Polyurethane; Retrieval analysis; UHMWPE; Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene; Wear particles wear debris