title: Cargo adaptors: structures illuminate mechanisms regulating vesicle biogenesis.
abstract: Cargo adaptors sort transmembrane protein cargos into nascent vesicles by binding directly to their cytosolic domains. Recent studies have revealed previously unappreciated roles for cargo adaptors and regulatory mechanisms governing their function. The adaptor protein (AP)-1 and AP-2 clathrin adaptors switch between open and closed conformations that ensure they function at the right place at the right time. The exomer cargo adaptor has a direct role in remodeling the membrane for vesicle fission. Several different cargo adaptors functioning in distinct trafficking pathways at the Golgi are similarly regulated through bivalent binding to the ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1) GTPase, potentially enabling regulation by a threshold concentration of Arf1. Taken together, these studies highlight that cargo adaptors do more than just adapt cargos.
authors: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors: Jon E
authors: JE
authors: Paczkowski
authors: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors: Brian C
authors: BC
authors: Richardson
authors: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. Electronic address: jcf14@cornell.edu.
authors: J Christopher
authors: JC
authors: Fromme
mesh_terms: D020823:ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D033961:Adaptor Protein Complex 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D033962:Adaptor Protein Complex 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D015398:Signal Transduction; D022161:Transport Vesicles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D033961:Adaptor Protein Complex 1; D033962:Adaptor Protein Complex 2; D020823:ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1
keywords: GTPase; cargo adaptor; membrane trafficking; vesicle