title: The effect of psychosocial factors on outcomes of cochlear implantation.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  Psychosocial factors should be considered during cochlear implantation (CI). There were differences in psychosocial characteristics according to the etiology of deafness. The outcomes may be affected by psychosocial variables such as the severity of mental distress and social problems as well as duration of deafness.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the psychosocial characteristics of deaf people undergoing CI and to determine which psychosocial factors affect performance after CI.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 289 subjects who underwent CI were enrolled. The participants were classified into prelingually deaf (pre-LD) and postlingually deaf groups (post-LD), including progressive and sudden deafness subgroups. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was administered before CI to measure psychosocial and emotional problems. To measure CI outcomes, speech perception ability was assessed by the open-set Korean version of the Central Institute of Deafness (K-CID) test and categories of auditory performance (CAP) scores before and after CI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 45% of subjects experienced psychological problems before undergoing CI. Subjects in the Pre-LD group had more psychosocial distress and were more likely to be oversensitive in interpersonal situations, while those in the post-LD group were more depressed. Deafness duration and psychosocial factors significantly predicted hearing ability after CI. Deafness duration directly and indirectly affected the outcome of CI. That is, duration of deafness caused psychosocial problems, which may have resulted in negative effects on outcomes of CI.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul.
authors: Min-Sup
authors: MS
authors: Shin
authors: Jae-Jin
authors: JJ
authors: Song
authors: Kyu-Hee
authors: KH
authors: Han
authors: Hyo-Jeong
authors: HJ
authors: Lee
authors: Rye-Mi
authors: RM
authors: Do
authors: Bong Jik
authors: BJ
authors: Kim
authors: Seung Ha
authors: SH
authors: Oh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D003638:Deafness / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006309:Hearing; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013067:Speech Perception; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cochlear implant; adult; duration of deafness; hearing loss