title: Effects of replacing soybean meal with rubber seed meal on growth, antioxidant capacity, non-specific immune response, and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus).
abstract: This study evaluated the effects of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with rubber seed meal (RSM) on growth, antioxidant capacity, non-specific immune response and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis aureus). Five experimental diets were formulated with 0 (control), 10, 20, 30, and 40% RSM replacing graded levels of SBM, respectively. Fish were fed one of the five experimental diets for eight weeks, and then challenged by A. hydrophila via intraperitoneal injection and kept for seven days. Dietary RSM inclusion level up to 30% did not affect the weight gain and daily growth coefficient, whereas these were depressed by a further inclusion. Fish fed diet with 40% RSM showed the lowest serum total antioxidant capacity, lysozyme, alternative complement pathway, respiratory burst and phagocytic activities. Dietary RSM inclusion gradually depressed the post-challenge survival rate, and that was significantly lower in fish fed diet with 40% RSM compared to fish fed the control diet. Conversely, the inclusion of RSM generally increased the serum total cholesterol level, the plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities, and these were significantly higher in fish fed diet with 40% RSM compared to fish fed the control diet. The results indicated that RSM can be included at level up to 30% in diet for tilapia without obvious adverse effects on the growth, antioxidant capacity, non-specific immune response and resistance to A. hydrophila infection, whereas these were depressed by a further inclusion.
authors: Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, PR China.
authors: Junming
authors: J
authors: Deng
authors: Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
authors: Kangsen
authors: K
authors: Mai
authors: School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China.
authors: Liqiao
authors: L
authors: Chen
authors: Tongwei Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610093, PR China.
authors: Haifeng
authors: H
authors: Mi
authors: Tongwei Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610093, PR China. Electronic address: luzhangtw@163.com.
authors: Lu
authors: L
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D016980:Aeromonas hydrophila / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D017756:Aquaculture / Q000379:methods; D002681:China; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006128:Growth / Q000187:drug effects*; D028482:Hevea / Q000737:chemistry; D006824:Hybridization, Genetic; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D017210:Tilapia / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants
keywords: Antioxidant capacity; Growth; Liver function; Non-specific immune response; Rubber seed meal; Tilapia