title: Metabolomics and partial least square discriminant analysis to predict history of myocardial infarction of self-claimed healthy subjects: validity and feasibility for clinical practice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The dynamics of metabolomics in establishing a prediction model using partial least square discriminant analysis have enabled better disease diagnosis; with emphasis on early detection of diseases. We attempted to translate the metabolomics model to predict the health status of the Orang Asli community whom we have little information. The metabolite expressions of the healthy vs. diseased patients (cardiovascular) were compared. A metabotype model was developed and validated using partial least square discriminant analysis (PLSDA). Cardiovascular risks of the Orang Asli were predicted and confirmed by biochemistry profiles conducted concurrently.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen (14) metabolites were determined as potential biomarkers for cardiovascular risks with receiver operating characteristic of more than 0.7. They include 15S-HETE (AUC = 0.997) and phosphorylcholine (AUC = 0.995). Seven Orang Asli were clustered with the patients' group and may have ongoing cardiovascular risks and problems. This is supported by biochemistry tests results that showed abnormalities in cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The disease prediction model based on metabolites is a useful diagnostic alternative as compared to the current single biomarker assays. The former is believed to be more cost effective since a single sample run is able to provide a more comprehensive disease profile, whilst the latter require different types of sampling tubes and blood volumes.
authors: Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, Puncak Alam Malaysia, Selangor 42300 Malaysia.
authors: Nornazliya
authors: N
authors: Mohamad
authors: Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, Puncak Alam Malaysia, Selangor 42300 Malaysia.
authors: Rose Iszati
authors: RI
authors: Ismet
authors: Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, Puncak Alam Malaysia, Selangor 42300 Malaysia.
authors: MohdSalleh
authors: M
authors: Rofiee
authors: Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, Puncak Alam Malaysia, Selangor 42300 Malaysia.
authors: Zakaria
authors: Z
authors: Bannur
authors: Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, Puncak Alam Malaysia, Selangor 42300 Malaysia ; Life Sciences & Diagnostics Group, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Hennessy
authors: Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, Puncak Alam Malaysia, Selangor 42300 Malaysia.
authors: Manikandan
authors: M
authors: Selvaraj
authors: Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Selangor Malaysia.
authors: Aminuddin
authors: A
authors: Ahmad
authors: Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Selangor Malaysia.
authors: FadzilahMohd
authors: F
authors: Nor
authors: Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Selangor Malaysia.
authors: ThuhairahHasrah
authors: T
authors: Abdul Rahman
authors: Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, Puncak Alam Malaysia, Selangor 42300 Malaysia.
authors: Kamarudzaman
authors: K
authors: Md Isa
authors: Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, Puncak Alam Malaysia, Selangor 42300 Malaysia.
authors: AdzroolIdzwan
authors: A
authors: Ismail
authors: Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, Puncak Alam Malaysia, Selangor 42300 Malaysia ; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor 42300 Malaysia.
authors: Lay Kek
authors: LK
authors: Teh
authors: Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, Puncak Alam Malaysia, Selangor 42300 Malaysia ; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor 42300 Malaysia.
authors: Mohd Zaki
authors: MZ
authors: Salleh
keywords: Metabolomics; Myocardial infarction; Orang Asli; Phenotype; Predictive model