title: Microbial structures and community functions of anaerobic sludge in six full-scale wastewater treatment plants as revealed by 454 high-throughput pyrosequencing.
abstract: The microbial communities and abundance in anaerobic sludge from 4 industrial and 2 municipal wastewater treatment plants were investigated using 454 pyrosequencing technology in this study. A total of 5482-8692 high-quality reads of 16S rRNA V3-V5 regions were obtained. Taxonomic analysis using QIIME and RDP classifier found that Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi and Firmicutes were the most abundant phyla in these samples. Furthermore, real-time PCR was used to validate the absolute abundance of these 16S rRNAs and some functional genes, including total bacteria, anammox bacteria, NOB (Nitrobacter, Nitrospira), AOA amoA, AOB amoA, nosZ, nirS, nirK, narG, napA, nrfA, mcrA and dsrA. Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that AOA might be mixotrophic. Finally, redundancy analysis was used to reveal the relationships between operation parameters and microbial communities. Results showed that the coexistence of anammox, denitrification and DNRA could be useful for the simultaneous removal of nitrogen and organic matter.
authors: Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049 Shaanxi, China.
authors: Duntao
authors: D
authors: Shu
authors: School of Human Settlements & Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049 Shaanxi, China. Electronic address: D.T.Shu_xjtu@outlook.com.
authors: Yanling
authors: Y
authors: He
authors: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy and Yangling Branch of China Wheat Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China.
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Yue
authors: School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049 Shaanxi, China.
authors: Qingyi
authors: Q
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis / Q000502:physiology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology; D058440:Denitrification / Q000235:genetics; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods; D062065:Wastewater / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D009584:Nitrogen; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012722:Sewage; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Anaerobic sludge; Microbial community structures; Pyrosequencing; Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR); Redundancy analysis