title: Oxidative DNA damage in diabetic and mild gestational hyperglycemic pregnant women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pregnant women with mild gestational hyperglycemia present high risk for hypertension, obesity and hyperglycemia, and appeared to reproduce the model of metabolic syndrome in pregnancy, with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. Our clinical studies showed that mild gestational hyperglycemia or gestational diabetes are related to similar adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. Hyperglycemia and other factors associated with diabetes generate reactive oxygen species that increase DNA damage levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate oxidative DNA damage in lymphocytes of pregnant women with diabetes or mild gestational hyperglycemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 111 pregnant women distributed into three groups based on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and glycemic profiles (GP), as follows: Normal OGTT and GP (control group); Normal OGTT and abnormal GP (mild gestational hyperglycemia group); Abnormal OGTT and GP (diabetic group). Maternal blood samples (5-10 mL) were collected and processed for determination of oxidative DNA damage by the comet assay, using Fpg and Endo III enzymes. Urine samples were also collected for determination of 8-OHdG concentrations by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects in the diabetes group presented increased amount of oxidized purines, while mild gestational hyperglycemia women presented with increased oxidized pyrimidines, compared to the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gestational, overt diabetes and mild gestational hyperglycemia, were all related to increased oxidative DNA damage. Diabetic pregnant women showed increased level of oxidative DNA damage, perhaps mainly due to hyperglycemia. On the other hand, oxidative DNA damage detected in women with mild gestational hyperglycemia might be associated with repercussions from obesity, hypertension and/or insulin resistance. Interestingly, the type of DNA base affected seemed to be dependent on the glycemic profile or oxidative stress.
authors: Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, SP Brazil.
authors: Rafael Bottaro
authors: RB
authors: Gelaleti
authors: Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, SP Brazil.
authors: Débora Cristina
authors: DC
authors: Damasceno
authors: Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo, SP Brazil.
authors: Paula Helena Ortiz
authors: PH
authors: Lima
authors: Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, SP Brazil.
authors: Daisy Maria Favero
authors: DM
authors: Salvadori
authors: Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, SP Brazil.
authors: Iracema de Mattos Paranhos
authors: Ide M
authors: Calderon
authors: Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, SP Brazil.
authors: José Carlos
authors: JC
authors: Peraçoli
authors: Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, SP Brazil ; Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Júnior s/n, CEP. 18618.000 Botucatu, São Paulo Brazil.
authors: Marilza Vieira Cunha
authors: MV
authors: Rudge
keywords: Diabetes; Genotoxicity; Mild gestational hyperglycemia; Oxidative DNA damage; Pregnancy