title: Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Chemoprotective Properties of Acacia catechu Heartwood Extracts.
abstract: Aqueous extracts of Acacia catechu heartwood are rich source of catechin and epicatechin (gallic acid derivatives), with smaller amounts of flavonoids. Extracts have also been prepared with ethyl acetate, ethanol, and methanol, and the properties of these extracts have been studied and are reviewed. Potent antioxidant activity has been well established in both in vitro and in vivo studies. This antioxidant activity is believed to be responsible for the anti-inflammatory, tissue protectant, antineoplastic, and analgesic activities that have been demonstrated and clearly established in animal and cell culture systems. Furthermore, antihyperglycemic, antidiarrheal, antinociceptive, and antipyretic activities have been demonstrated in animal studies. No adverse effects have been observed in animal or human studies or in cell culture systems. In spite of the fact that Acacia products have been used for many years and the general safety of catechins and epicatechins is well documented, few human studies have ever been conducted on the efficacy or safety of A. catechu heartwood extracts. Several studies have shown that a two-ingredient combination product containing A. catechu extract exhibited no adverse effects when administered daily for up to 12 weeks while exhibiting significant anti-inflammatory activity in subjects with osteoarthritis of the knee. There is a need for additional human clinical studies with regard to efficacy and safety.
authors: School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, 68178, NE, USA.|AdvoCare International, Plano, 75074, TX, USA.
authors: Sidney J
authors: SJ
authors: Stohs
authors: AdvoCare International, Plano, 75074, TX, USA.|Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA.
authors: Debasis
authors: D
authors: Bagchi
mesh_terms: D000045:Acacia / Q000737:chemistry*; D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002392:Catechin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002392:Catechin
keywords: Acacia catechu; anti-inflammatory; antinociceptive; antioxidant; catechins; chemoprotective; epicatechins; flavonoids; heartwood extracts