title: Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus actin rearrangement-inducing factor 1 enhances systemic infection in B. mori larvae.
abstract: The actin rearrangement-inducing factor 1 (arif-1) gene is a baculoviral early gene conserved in most alphabaculoviruses. Previous studies reported that Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus ARIF-1 protein induces filamentous actin concentration on the plasma membrane during the early stage of infection in Trichoplusia ni TN-368 cells, but its role in larval infection remains unknown. In this study, we performed behavioural screening using Bombyx mori larvae infected with Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) mutants and found that larvae infected with arif-1-mutated BmNPVs did not show locomotor hyperactivity that was normally observed in BmNPV-infected larvae. arif-1-deficient BmNPVs also showed reduced pathogenicity and total viral propagation in B. mori larvae, whereas viral propagation of arif-1-deficient viruses was comparable with that of control viruses in B. mori cultured cells. An arif-1-defective BmNPV expressing the GFP gene (gfp) was used to monitor the progression of infection in B. mori larvae. GFP expression and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analyses revealed that infection by the arif-1-disrupted virus was significantly delayed in trachea, fat body, suboesophageal ganglion and brain. These results indicated that BmNPV ARIF-1 enhanced systemic infection in B. mori larvae.
authors: 1Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
authors: Ryuhei
authors: R
authors: Kokusho
authors: 1Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
authors: Munetaka
authors: M
authors: Kawamoto
authors: 1Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
authors: Yasue
authors: Y
authors: Koyano
authors: 2Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
authors: Sumio
authors: S
authors: Sugano
authors: 3Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan.
authors: Yutaka
authors: Y
authors: Suzuki
authors: 1Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
authors: Toru
authors: T
authors: Shimada
authors: 1Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
authors: Susumu
authors: S
authors: Katsuma
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D012831:Bombyx / Q000821:virology*; D055786:Gene Knockout Techniques; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D007814:Larva / Q000821:virology; D008124:Locomotion; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017924:Nucleopolyhedroviruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055503:Protein Multimerization; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D014764:Viral Proteins