title: Expression of Thyroid Hormone Receptors in Villous Trophoblasts and Decidual Tissue at Protein and mRNA Levels Is Downregulated in Spontaneous and Recurrent Miscarriages.
abstract: Thyroid hormones are essential for the maintenance of pregnancy, and a deficiency in maternal thyroid hormones has been associated with early pregnancy losses. The expression of THRα1, THRβ1 and THRα2 increases with gestational age. The aim of this study was the investigation of the protein and mRNA-levels of THR isoforms THRα1, THRα2, THRβ1 and THRβ2 in normal, spontaneous and recurrent miscarriages. The identification of THR-expressing cells in the decidua was done with double immunofluorescence. The nuclear expression of THRα1, THRα2, THRβ1 and THRβ2 is downregulated at protein level in spontaneous and recurrent miscarriages in villous trophoblast tissue. In decidual tissue, we found a significant downregulation only for THRα1 in spontaneous miscarriages. For recurrent miscarriages, THRα1 and THRβ1 were both significantly downregulated in decidual tissue. By applying HLA-G as a trophoblast marker, we found a significant co-expression only for THRβ2. The results of our study show that thyroid hormone receptors THRα1, THRα2, THRβ1 and THRβ2 are downregulated in spontaneous and recurrent miscarriages. The majority of cells expressing the thyroid hormone receptors in the decidua are decidual stromal cells.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology-Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany (BZ, AV, BK, CK, SH, UJ)|Department of Urology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany (BZ)
authors: Brigitte
authors: B
authors: Ziegelmüller
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology-Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany (BZ, AV, BK, CK, SH, UJ)
authors: Aurelia
authors: A
authors: Vattai
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology-Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany (BZ, AV, BK, CK, SH, UJ)
authors: Bernd
authors: B
authors: Kost
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology-Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany (BZ, AV, BK, CK, SH, UJ)
authors: Christina
authors: C
authors: Kuhn
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology-Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany (BZ, AV, BK, CK, SH, UJ)
authors: Simone
authors: S
authors: Hofmann
authors: Department of Legal Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany (BB)
authors: Birgit
authors: B
authors: Bayer
authors: Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (BT)
authors: Bettina
authors: B
authors: Toth
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology-Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany (BZ, AV, BK, CK, SH, UJ)
authors: Udo
authors: U
authors: Jeschke
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology-Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany (BZ, AV, BK, CK, SH, UJ)|Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology-Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany (ND)
authors: Nina
authors: N
authors: Ditsch
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D002824:Chorionic Villi / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003656:Decidua / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone
keywords: TaqMan-PCR; immunohistochemistry; miscarriage; placenta; thyroid hormone receptors (THR)