title: Codeine should not be prescribed for breastfeeding mothers or children under the age of 12.
abstract: Medical regulatory authorities, including the Food and Drug Administration and European Medicine Agency, have published restrictions regarding the use of codeine in paediatric patients and breastfeeding mothers. This review explored the various parameters that are involved in the metabolism and toxicology of codeine in these two populations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The growing volume of data on potential serious adverse events and questionable efficacy indicates that codeine should not be prescribed for children under 12 years of age and breastfeeding mothers.
authors: Pharmacy Department, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Sackler School of Medicine -Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
authors: Moran
authors: M
authors: Lazaryan
authors: Pharmacy Department, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Sackler School of Medicine -Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
authors: Chen
authors: C
authors: Shasha-Zigelman
authors: Clinical Pharmacolo Unit, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Sackler School of Medicine -Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
authors: Zachi
authors: Z
authors: Dagan
authors: Clinical Pharmacolo Unit, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Sackler School of Medicine -Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
authors: Matitiahu
authors: M
authors: Berkovitch
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000378:metabolism; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002648:Child; D003061:Codeine / Q000378:metabolism; D000075202:Contraindications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D003061:Codeine
keywords: Breastfeeding; Children; Codeine; Morphine; Paediatrics