title: Human papillomavirus DNA in men who have sex with men: type-specific prevalence, risk factors and implications for vaccination strategies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination of girls will have relatively little effect on HPV-related disease in men who have sex with men (MSM). We determined HPV prevalence and risk factors in MSM to inform the potential effectiveness of vaccinating MSM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study of 522 MSM aged 18-40 attending a London sexual health clinic who completed a computer-assisted self-interview. Urine and two swabs (anal and penile/scrotal/perianal) were collected and tested using an in-house Luminex-based HPV genotyping system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of DNA of the vaccine-preventable HPV types in ano-genital specimens of men was 87/511 (17.0%), 166/511 (32.5%) and 232/511 (45.4%) for the bivalent (HPV16/18), quadrivalent (HPV6/11/16/18) and nonavalent (HPV6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58) vaccine types, respectively. A total of 25.1% had one of the quadrivalent types, and 7.4% had 2+ types. Median age at first anal sex was 19 (IQR 17-23) and at first clinic attendance was 24 (IQR 20-27). The increase in the odds of any HPV infection per year of age was 4.7% (95% CI 1.2-8.4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the basis of the current infection status, most MSM, even among a high-risk population attending a sexual health clinic, are not currently infected with the vaccine-type HPV. A targeted vaccination strategy for MSM in the UK could have substantial benefits.
authors: Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London WC1E 6JB, UK.
authors: E M
authors: EM
authors: King
authors: 1] Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London WC1E 6JB, UK [2] The Mortimer Market Centre, Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1E 6JB, UK.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Gilson
authors: Virus Reference Department, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Beddows
authors: HIV/STI Department, Centre for Communicable Disease Surveillance and Control (CIDSC), Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue London, NW9 5EQ, UK.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Soldan
authors: Virus Reference Department, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Panwar
authors: 1] Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London WC1E 6JB, UK [2] The Mortimer Market Centre, Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1E 6JB, UK.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Young
authors: Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London WC1E 6JB, UK.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Prah
authors: 1] Modelling and Economics Unit, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK [2] Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Jit
authors: Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
authors: W J
authors: WJ
authors: Edmunds
authors: Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London WC1E 6JB, UK.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Sonnenberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015438:Health Behavior; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000523:psychology*; D061809:Human Papillomavirus DNA Tests; D006801:Humans; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology*; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D014611:Vaccination; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines