title: PedsQL gastrointestinal symptoms scales and gastrointestinal worry scales in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease in comparison with healthy controls.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patient-reported outcomes are essential in determining the broad impact of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and treatments from the patient's perspective. The primary study objectives were to compare the gastrointestinal symptoms and worry of pediatric patients with IBD with matched healthy controls and to compare Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis with each other using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Gastrointestinal Worry Scales.
  
  
  METHODS
  PedsQL Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Worry Scales were completed in a 9-site study by 256 pediatric patients with IBD and 259 parents of patients (263 families; Crohn's disease [n = 195], ulcerative colitis [n = 68]). Ten Gastrointestinal Symptoms Scales measuring stomach pain, stomach discomfort when eating, food and drink limits, trouble swallowing, heartburn and reflux, nausea and vomiting, gas and bloating, constipation, blood in poop, and diarrhea were administered along with 2 Gastrointestinal Worry Scales. A matched group of 384 healthy children families completed the PedsQL in an Internet survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PedsQL Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Worry Scales distinguished between pediatric patients with IBD in comparison with healthy controls (P < 0.001), with larger effect sizes for symptoms indicative of IBD, supporting known-groups validity and clinical interpretability including minimal important difference scores. Patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis did not demonstrate significantly different gastrointestinal symptoms or worry in comparison with each other.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PedsQL Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Worry Scales may be used as common metrics across pediatric patients with IBD, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis separately to measure gastrointestinal-specific symptoms in clinical research and practice.
authors: 1Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; 2Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; 3Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; 4Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas; 5Center for Motility and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; 6Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; 7Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; 8Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas; 9Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas; 10Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; 11Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio; 12Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; and 13Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Primary Children's Hospital, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Drs. Franciosi and Denham are now with the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, Florida. Dr. Saps is now with the Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Dr. Zacur is now with the Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University o
authors: James W
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mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D011379:Prognosis; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index