title: Cool Decision-Making in Adolescents with Behavior Disorder and/or Mild-to-Borderline Intellectual Disability.
abstract: Adolescents with Behavior Disorders (BD), Mild-to-Borderline Intellectual Disability (MBID), and with both BD and MBID (BD + MBID) are known to take more risks than normal controls. To examine the processes underlying this increased risk-taking, the present study investigated cool decision-making strategies in 479 adolescents (12-18 years, 55.9 % male) from these four groups. Cool decision-making was assessed with the paper-and-pencil Gambling Machine Task. This task, in combination with advanced latent group analysis, allows for an assessment of decision strategies. Results indicated that adolescents with BD and controls were almost equivalent in their decision-making strategies, whereas adolescents with MBID and adolescents with BD + MBID were characterized by suboptimal decision-making strategies, with only minor differences between these two clinical groups. These findings may have important clinical implications, as they suggest that risk taking in adolescents with MBID and in adolescents with BD + MBID can be (partly) attributed to the strategies that these adolescents use to make their decisions. Interventions may therefore focus on an improvement of these strategies.
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Weesperplein 4, 1018 XA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. a.bexkens@fsw.leidenuniv.nl.|'s Heeren Loo Groot Emaus, Groene Allee 46, 3853 JW, Ermelo, Netherlands. a.bexkens@fsw.leidenuniv.nl.|Department of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands. a.bexkens@fsw.leidenuniv.nl.
authors: Anika
authors: A
authors: Bexkens
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Weesperplein 4, 1018 XA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. B.R.J.Jansen@uva.nl.|Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Weesperplein 4, 1018XA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. B.R.J.Jansen@uva.nl.
authors: Brenda R J
authors: BR
authors: Jansen
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Weesperplein 4, 1018 XA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. M.W.vanderMolen@uva.nl.|Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Weesperplein 4, 1018XA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. M.W.vanderMolen@uva.nl.
authors: Maurits W
authors: MW
authors: Van der Molen
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Weesperplein 4, 1018 XA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. H.M.Huizenga@uva.nl.|Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Weesperplein 4, 1018XA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. H.M.Huizenga@uva.nl.
authors: Hilde M
authors: HM
authors: Huizenga
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003657:Decision Making / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D012309:Risk-Taking
keywords: Behavior disorder; Decision strategies; Decision-making; Latent group analysis; Mild-to-borderline intellectual disability