title: Bovine F1Fo ATP synthase monomers bend the lipid bilayer in 2D membrane crystals.
abstract: We have used a combination of electron cryo-tomography, subtomogram averaging, and electron crystallographic image processing to analyse the structure of intact bovine F(1)F(o) ATP synthase in 2D membrane crystals. ATPase assays and mass spectrometry analysis of the 2D crystals confirmed that the enzyme complex was complete and active. The structure of the matrix-exposed region was determined at 24 Å resolution by subtomogram averaging and repositioned into the tomographic volume to reveal the crystal packing. F(1)F(o) ATP synthase complexes are inclined by 16° relative to the crystal plane, resulting in a zigzag topology of the membrane and indicating that monomeric bovine heart F(1)F(o) ATP synthase by itself is sufficient to deform lipid bilayers. This local membrane curvature is likely to be instrumental in the formation of ATP synthase dimers and dimer rows, and thus for the shaping of mitochondrial cristae.
authors: Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Chimari
authors: C
authors: Jiko
authors: Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors: Karen M
authors: KM
authors: Davies
authors: Picobiology Institute, Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigori, Japan.
authors: Kyoko
authors: K
authors: Shinzawa-Itoh
authors: Cellular and Structural Physiology Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
authors: Kazutoshi
authors: K
authors: Tani
authors: Picobiology Institute, Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigori, Japan.
authors: Shintaro
authors: S
authors: Maeda
authors: Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors: Deryck J
authors: DJ
authors: Mills
authors: Picobiology Institute, Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigori, Japan.
authors: Tomitake
authors: T
authors: Tsukihara
authors: Cellular and Structural Physiology Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
authors: Yoshinori
authors: Y
authors: Fujiyoshi
authors: Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors: Werner
authors: W
authors: Kühlbrandt
authors: Picobiology Institute, Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigori, Japan.
authors: Christoph
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7265-2804
authors: C
authors: Gerle
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003460:Crystallization; D055032:Electron Microscope Tomography; D008051:Lipid Bilayers / Q000737:chemistry*; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000737:chemistry; D025261:Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009206:Myocardium / Q000737:chemistry; D011487:Protein Conformation; D055503:Protein Multimerization
chemical_list: D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; C474451:F1F0-ATP synthase; D025261:Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases
keywords: biophysics; bos taurus; electron cryo-tomography; electron crystallography; membrane curvature; mitochondria; structural biology; sub-tomogram averaging