title: Modulating prime molecular expressions and in vitro wound healing rate in keratinocyte (HaCaT) population under characteristic honey dilutions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In traditional medicines honey is known for healing efficacy and vividly used as "Anupan" in Ayurvedic medicines appreciating roles in dilutions. Validating efficacy of physico-chemically characterized honey in dilutions, studies on in vitro wound healing and attainment of cellular confluence epithelial cells including expressions of cardinal genes is crucial. To evaluate effects of characterized honey in varied dilutions on cellular viability, in vitro wound healing and modulation of prime epithelial gene expressions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six Indian honey-samples from different sources were physico-chemically characterized and optimal one was explored in dilutions (v/v%) through in vitro studies on human epithelial (HaCaT) cells for viability, wound healing and expressions of genes p63, E-cadherin, β-catenin, GnT-III and GnT-V.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Studied honey samples (i.e. A-F) depicted range of pH (2-4), water (12.48-23.95), electrical conductivity (2.57-14.34), carbohydrate (68.73-98.65), protein (.316-5.36) and antioxidant potential. Though sample A and F showed physico-chemical proximity, but overall bio-impact of the earlier was better, thus studied in 8-.1% (v/v) dilution range. Four dilutions (.01, .04, .1, .25 v/v%) augmented cellular viability but in vitro wound healing was fastest (p<.05) under .1%. Such efficacy was further documented for p63 up-regulation by immunocytochemistry and mRNA studies. The E-cadherin and β-catenin mRNA-expressions were also up-regulated and their proteins were predominantly cytoplasmic. E-cadherin up-regulation was corroborative with down-regulation and up-regulation of GnT-III and GnT-V respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Present study illustrated efficacy of particular honey dilution (.1%) with characteristic free radical scavenging activity in facilitating cell proliferation and attainment of confluence towards faster wound healing and modulation of cardinal epithelial genes (viz. p63, E-cadherin, β-catenin, Gnt-III and V).
authors: School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
authors: Amrita
authors: A
authors: Chaudhary
authors: School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
authors: Swarnendu
authors: S
authors: Bag
authors: School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
authors: Mousumi
authors: M
authors: Mandal
authors: School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
authors: Sri Phani
authors: SP
authors: Krishna Karri
authors: Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, IIEST, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India.
authors: Ananya
authors: A
authors: Barui
authors: School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
authors: Monika
authors: M
authors: Rajput
authors: Banerjees׳ Biomedical Research Foundation, Sainthia, 731234 Birbhum, West Bengal, India.
authors: Provas
authors: P
authors: Banerjee
authors: School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
authors: Debdoot
authors: D
authors: Sheet
authors: School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India. Electronic address: jchatterjee.iitkgp@gmail.com.
authors: Jyotirmoy
authors: J
authors: Chatterjee
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001685:Biological Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D006722:Honey; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D017351:N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001685:Biological Factors; C081876:CKAP4 protein, human; D015820:Cadherins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051176:beta Catenin; D017351:N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases; C054599:beta-1,4-mannosyl-glycoprotein beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
keywords: Dilutions; E-cadherin; HaCaT; Honey; Physico-chemical properties; Wound healing; p63; β-catenin