title: Defatted flaxseed meal prevents the appearance of aberrant crypt foci in the colon of mice increasing the gene expression of p53.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to investigate the preventive effects of defatted flaxseed meal on the appearance of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in mice treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH).
  
  
  METHODS
  ACF were induced by intraperitoneal administration of 20 mg/kg body weight of DMH for 8 weeks. The animals were divided into three treatments (n=8): AIN93M diet without fibers + DMH (C-); AIN93M diet with defatted flaxseed meal (LIN); and AIN93M diet with defatted flaxseed meal + DMH (LINCA), for 15 weeks. The technique RT-PCR was used to evaluate the expression of p16, p21, p53, cyclin D1, and cyclin E in the distal colon. In addition, flow cytometric analysis of CD4 and CD8 spleen cells, the quantification of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in stool, the quantification of Bifidobacterium spp., Clostridium spp. in feces.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LIN and LINCA showed increased Bifidobacterium spp. compared with control (C-). In relation to the weight of the organs, the groups LIN and LINCA showed higher values for the liver and kidney compared with control (C-). Regarding ACF, the group LINCA presented fewer ACF in the middle and distal colon compared with control (C-). When we analyzed ACF with more than three crypts the group LIN and LINCA did not present ACF in the middle and distal segments. LINCA presented increased p53 gene expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This finding suggests that defatted flaxseed meal reduces ACF by increasing the expression of p53 and increase Bifidobacterium spp.
authors: Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, MG, 35.570-000.. mpeluzio@ufv.br.
authors: Antônio Frederico de Freitas
authors: AF
authors: Gomides
authors: Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, MG, 35.570-000.. reggysvilela@yahoo.com.br.
authors: Reggiani Vilela
authors: RV
authors: Gonçalves
authors: Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, MG, 35.570-000.. mpeluzio@ufv.br.
authors: Sérgio Oliveira
authors: SO
authors: de Paula
authors: Department of Food Technology, Federal University of Viçosa, MG, 35.570-000.. mpeluzio@ufv.br.
authors: Célia Lúcia de Luces Fortes
authors: CL
authors: Ferreira
authors: Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, MG, 35.570-000. Brazil.. mpeluzio@ufv.br.
authors: Débora Silva
authors: DS
authors: Comastri
authors: Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, MG, 35.570-000. Brazil.. mpeluzio@ufv.br.
authors: Maria do Carmo Gouveia
authors: Mdo C
authors: Peluzio
mesh_terms: D019813:1,2-Dimethylhydrazine; D058739:Aberrant Crypt Foci / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D001644:Bifidobacterium; D003106:Colon / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019597:Flax / Q000737:chemistry*; D005433:Flour; D016158:Genes, p53 / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D064307:Microbiota; D009929:Organ Size
chemical_list: D019813:1,2-Dimethylhydrazine