title: Does paravertebral blockade facilitate immediate extubation after totally endoscopic robotic mitral valve repair surgery?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Immediate extubation of select patients in the operating room after cardiac surgery has been shown to be safe and may result in improved hemodynamics and decreased cost perioperatively. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the addition of paravertebral blockade (PVB) to general anesthesia facilitates extubation in the operating room in patients undergoing totally endoscopic robotic mitral valve repair (TERMR).
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of 65 consecutive patients who underwent TERMR between January 2012 and June 2013 at a single institution was conducted. Patients were divided into two groups, one group that received PVB and general anesthesia and a second group that received general anesthesia alone. The data analyzed included quantities of anesthetic administered during surgery and the location of extubation after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 34 patients received PVB and general anesthesia, whereas 31 received general anesthesia alone. The two groups had similar demographic and surgical data. Patients in the PVB and general anesthesia group were more likely to be extubated in the operating room (67.6%, n = 23 vs 41.9%, n = 13, P = 0.048) and required less intraoperative fentanyl (3.41 μg/kg vs 4.90 μg/kg, P = 0.006). There were no adverse perioperative events in either group related to PVB or extubation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of PVB to general anesthesia for perioperative pain control facilitated extubation in the operating room in patients undergoing TERMR. Paravertebral blockade allowed for lower intraoperative fentanyl dosing, which may account for the increased incidence of immediate extubation. A detailed prospective study is warranted.
authors: From the Departments of *Anesthesiology, and †Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY USA.
authors: Peter J
authors: PJ
authors: Neuburger
authors: M Megan
authors: MM
authors: Chacon
authors: Brent J
authors: BJ
authors: Luria
authors: Ana Maria
authors: AM
authors: Manrique-Espinel
authors: Jennie Y
authors: JY
authors: Ngai
authors: Eugene A
authors: EA
authors: Grossi
authors: Didier F
authors: DF
authors: Loulmet
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D060666:Airway Extubation / Q000379:methods*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D059035:Perioperative Period; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D065287:Robotic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D005283:Fentanyl