title: Comparative impact of diverse regulatory loci on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation.
abstract: The relative impact of 23 mutations on biofilm formation was evaluated in the USA300, methicillin-resistant strain LAC. Mutation of sarA, atl, codY, rsbU, and sigB limited biofilm formation in comparison to the parent strain, but the limitation imposed by mutation of sarA was greater than that imposed by mutation of any of these other genes. The reduced biofilm formation of all mutants other than the atl mutant was correlated with increased levels of extracellular proteases. Mutation of fur- and mgrA-enhanced biofilm formation but in LAC had no impact on protease activity, nuclease activity, or accumulation of the polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA). The increased capacity of these mutants to form a biofilm was reversed by mutation of sarA, and this was correlated with increased protease production. Mutation of sarA, mgrA, and sigB had the same phenotypic effect in the methicillin-sensitive strain UAMS-1, but mutation of codY increased rather than decreased biofilm formation. As with the UAMS-1 mgrA mutant, this was correlated with increased production of PIA. Examination of four additional clinical isolates suggests that the differential impact of codY on biofilm formation may be a conserved characteristic of methicillin-resistant versus methicillin-sensitive strains.
authors: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas.
authors: Danielle N
authors: DN
authors: Atwood
authors: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas.
authors: Allister J
authors: AJ
authors: Loughran
authors: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas.
authors: Ashleah P
authors: AP
authors: Courtney
authors: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas.
authors: Allison C
authors: AC
authors: Anthony
authors: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas.
authors: Daniel G
authors: DG
authors: Meeker
authors: Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas.
authors: Horace J
authors: HJ
authors: Spencer
authors: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas.
authors: Ravi Kr
authors: RK
authors: Gupta
authors: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas.
authors: Chia Y
authors: CY
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas.
authors: Karen E
authors: KE
authors: Beenken
authors: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas.|Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas.|Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas.
authors: Mark S
authors: MS
authors: Smeltzer
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms; D003851:Deoxyribonucleases / Q000378:metabolism; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D056426:Genetic Loci; D009154:Mutation; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010641:Phenotype; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003851:Deoxyribonucleases; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases
keywords: Biofilm; Staphylococcus aureus; protease; regulation; sarA