title: Verbal memory and brain aging: an exploratory analysis of the role of error responses in the Framingham Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Analysis sought to determine whether Wechsler Memory Scale-Logical Memory (LM)-correct responses and errors were related to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain volume measurements.
  
  
  METHODS
  The LM immediate (LM-I) and LM delay (LM-D) free recall correct responses and related and unrelated errors were scored. Principal components analysis yielded a 3-factor solution: LM-I and LM-D correct responses, LM-I and LM-D-unrelated errors, and LM-I/-D-related errors. The MRI total cerebral brain volume, frontal brain volume, temporal horn volume (THV), and white matter hyperintensities volume (WMHIV) were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increasing THV (suggesting greater regional atrophy) was associated with lower scores on the LM-correct responses factor. Extensive WMHIV was associated with higher scores on the LM-related errors factor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that LM-correct responses could relate to emerging brain alterations. Longitudinal research might enhance the sensitivity of this test to identify preclinical impairment and persons at risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia.
authors: Department of Neurology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA dlibon@drexelmed.edu.
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Libon
authors: Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public, Boston, MA, USA Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Sarah R
authors: SR
authors: Preis
authors: Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public, Boston, MA, USA Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Alexa S
authors: AS
authors: Beiser
authors: Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public, Boston, MA, USA Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Sherral
authors: S
authors: Devine
authors: Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public, Boston, MA, USA Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Sudha
authors: S
authors: Seshadri
authors: Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public, Boston, MA, USA Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Philip A
authors: PA
authors: Wolf
authors: Department of Neurology, Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
authors: Charles
authors: C
authors: DeCarli
authors: Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public, Boston, MA, USA Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Rhoda
authors: R
authors: Au
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D001284:Atrophy / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008128:Logic; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D062706:Prodromal Symptoms; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014888:Wechsler Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Boston process approach; Logical Memory; declarative memory; preclinical dementia