title: High butyric acid amounts induce oxidative stress, alter calcium homeostasis, and cause neurite retraction in nerve growth factor-treated PC12 cells.
abstract: Butyric acid (BA) is a common secondary metabolite by-product produced by oral pathogenic bacteria and is detected in high amounts in the gingival tissue of patients with periodontal disease. Previous works have demonstrated that BA can cause oxidative stress in various cell types; however, this was never explored using neuronal cells. Here, we exposed nerve growth factor (NGF)-treated PC1(2) cells to varying BA concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 5.0 mM). We measured total heme, H(2)O(2), catalase, and calcium levels through biochemical assays and visualized the neurite outgrowth after BA treatment. Similarly, we determined the effects of other common periodontal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on neurite outgrowth for comparison. We found that high (1.0 and 5.0 mM) BA concentrations induced oxidative stress and altered calcium homeostasis, whereas low (0.5 mM) BA concentration had no significant effect. Moreover, compared to other SCFAs, we established that only BA was able to induce neurite retraction.
authors: Department of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan, marni.cueno@nihon-u.ac.jp.
authors: Marni E
authors: ME
authors: Cueno
authors: Noriaki
authors: N
authors: Kamio
authors: Keisuke
authors: K
authors: Seki
authors: Tomoko
authors: T
authors: Kurita-Ochiai
authors: Kuniyasu
authors: K
authors: Ochiai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020148:Butyric Acid / Q000633:toxicity*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006418:Heme / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016501:Neurites / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D020148:Butyric Acid; D006418:Heme; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002374:Catalase; D002118:Calcium