title: Evaluation of shear wave velocity and human bone morphogenetic protein-7 for the diagnosis of diabetic kidney disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic values of kidney shear wave velocity (SWV) and bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7), and their correlation in the diagnosis of early diabetic kidney disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 150 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into three equal groups based on the urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR): normal albuminuria (normo- group, ACR < 30 mg/g creatinine, n = 50), microalbuminuria (micro- group, 30 ≤ ACR < 300 mg/g creatinine, n = 50), and macroalbuminuria (macro- group, ACR ≥ 300 mg/g creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥30 ml/min/1.73 m2, n = 50). Fifty healthy volunteers were recruited to serve as controls (control group). The levels of serum BMP-7 were detected, and virtual touch tissue quantification was used to detect the renal SWV value in all study subjects. Correlations between groups as well as SWV and BMP-7 were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum BMP-7 and SWV were significantly and progressively decreased and increased, respectively, during the development of renal disease, from the normo- to the micro- and to the macro- groups (all P < 0.01 between each other for BMP-7 and SWV). Moreover, no significant differences between the normo- and control groups were observed for either BMP-7 or SWV (both P > 0.05). In addition, a significant correlation was found between SWV and BMP-7, with a coefficient of -0.569 (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The determination of SWV together with serum BMP-7 may play an important role in the diagnosis of diabetic kidney disease.
authors: Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
authors: Ning
authors: N
authors: Yu
authors: Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors: Yue-yue
authors: YY
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
authors: Xiao-yan
authors: XY
authors: Niu
authors: Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Xu
authors: Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
authors: Rui-xia
authors: RX
authors: Ma
authors: Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Public Health Epidemiology of the Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
authors: Xiu-bo
authors: XB
authors: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000652:urine; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: C525819:BMP7 protein, human; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; D003404:Creatinine