title: Evolutionary origin of Ceratonova shasta and phylogeny of the marine myxosporean lineage.
abstract: In order to clarify the phylogenetic relationships among the main marine myxosporean clades including newly established Ceratonova clade and scrutinizing their evolutionary origins, we performed large-scale phylogenetic analysis of all myxosporean species from the marine myxosporean lineage based on three gene analyses and statistical topology tests. Furthermore, we obtained new molecular data for Ceratonova shasta, C. gasterostea, eight Ceratomyxa species and one Myxodavisia species. We described five new species: Ceratomyxa ayami n. sp., C. leatherjacketi n. sp., C. synaphobranchi n. sp., C. verudaensis n. sp. and Myxodavisia bulani n. sp.; two of these formed a new, basal Ceratomyxa subclade. We identified that the Ceratomyxa clade is basal to all other marine myxosporean lineages, and Kudoa with Enteromyxum are the most recently branching clades. Topologies were least stable at the nodes connecting the marine urinary clade, the marine gall bladder clade and the Ceratonova clade. Bayesian inference analysis of SSU rDNA and the statistical tree topology tests suggested that Ceratonova is closely related to the Enteromyxum and Kudoa clades, which represent a large group of histozoic species. A close relationship between Ceratomyxa and Ceratonova was not supported, despite their similar myxospore morphologies. Overall, the site of sporulation in the vertebrate host is a more accurate predictor of phylogenetic relationships than the morphology of the myxospore.
authors: Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic. Electronic address: fiala@paru.cas.cz.
authors: Ivan
authors: I
authors: Fiala
authors: Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
authors: Marie
authors: M
authors: Hlavničková
authors: Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
authors: Alena
authors: A
authors: Kodádková
authors: Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: Mark A
authors: MA
authors: Freeman
authors: Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
authors: Pavla
authors: P
authors: Bartošová-Sojková
authors: Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA.
authors: Stephen D
authors: SD
authors: Atkinson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D005075:Biological Evolution; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008957:Models, Genetic; D055764:Myxozoa / Q000145:classification*; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004275:DNA, Ribosomal
keywords: Ceratomyxa; Evolutionary trends; Myxozoa; Taxonomy; Topology test