title: Two level pedicle substraction osteotomies for the treatment of severe fixed sagittal plane deformity: computer software-assisted preoperative planning and assessing.
abstract: To evaluate the efficacy of two level pedicle substraction osteotomies (PSOs) planned preoperatively with a computer software, in the patients with severe fixed sagittal plane deformities.
  
  
  
  In the literature, there are studies indicating that two level PSOs may be required in severe cases. However, the results of two level PSOs preoperatively planned with computer software-assistance have not yet been reported in the English literature. Severe fixed sagittal plane deformities of 11 patients are described. Preoperative surgical planning was done with the aid of a computer software. Two level PSOs were indicated after the process. After the application of the indicated surgical technique, clinical and radiological results were evaluated in the preoperative, the early postoperative periods and during the last follow-up.
  
  
  
  The mean sagittal vertical axis was found as 190.5 (range 161-220) mm in the preoperative period, 23.5 (range -27 to 61) mm in the early postoperative period (P < 0.001) (87.7 % correction) and 34.5 (range -3 to 55) mm during the last follow-up (P < 0.001). The mean pelvic tilt (PT) significantly decreased from 38.3° (range 21°-63°) preoperatively to 23.8° (range 18°-42°) postoperatively (P = 0.008) and to 27.5° (range 17°-42°) during the last follow-up (P = 0.042). The mean lumbar lordosis (LL) was 2.8° (range -29° to 20°) preoperatively, -35.6° (range -54° to 23°) early postoperatively (P < 0.001) and -33.6° (range -52° to 20°) during the last follow-up (P < 0.001). The average amount of bleeding was 5345 (range 2600-7415) ml.
  
  
  
  Although a statistically significant correction was obtained, the mean PT and PI-LL value could not be restored in physiological limits during the last follow-up. Thus, two level PSOs performed after computer software (surgimap) assisted preoperative planning failed to correct severe fixed sagittal plane deformities. Besides, this procedure is of possible risks for major complications such as a result of excessive bleeding. We recommend that two level PSOs should be rarely indicated, but preferred as an alternative technique only in the most severe cases.
authors: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, S.B. Metin Sabanci Baltalimani Bone Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Rumeli Hisari Caddesi No:62 34470 Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey. yunatici@hotmail.com.
authors: Yunus
authors: Y
authors: Atici
authors: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, S.B. Metin Sabanci Baltalimani Bone Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Rumeli Hisari Caddesi No:62 34470 Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Yunus Emre
authors: YE
authors: Akman
authors: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, S.B. Metin Sabanci Baltalimani Bone Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Rumeli Hisari Caddesi No:62 34470 Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Mehmet Bulent
authors: MB
authors: Balioglu
authors: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, S.B. Metin Sabanci Baltalimani Bone Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Rumeli Hisari Caddesi No:62 34470 Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Deniz
authors: D
authors: Kargin
authors: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, S.B. Metin Sabanci Baltalimani Bone Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Rumeli Hisari Caddesi No:62 34470 Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Mehmet Akif
authors: MA
authors: Kaygusuz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007738:Kyphosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008141:Lordosis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D057234:Preoperative Period; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012984:Software; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000379:methods*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Computer software; Fixed sagittal plane deformity; Preoperative planning; Surgimap; Two level pedicle substraction osteotomies