title: Clinical and diagnostic aspects of gluten related disorders.
abstract: Gluten is one of the most abundant and widely distributed components of food in many areas. It can be included in wheat, barley, rye, and grains such as oats, barley, spelt, kamut, and triticale. Gluten-containing grains are widely consumed; in particular, wheat is one of the world's primary sources of food, providing up to 50% of the caloric intake in both industrialized and developing countries. Until two decades ago, celiac disease (CD) and other gluten-related disorders were believed to be exceedingly rare outside of Europe and were relatively ignored by health professionals and the global media. In recent years, however, the discovery of important diagnostic and pathogenic milestones led CD from obscurity to global prominence. In addition, interestingly, people feeding themselves with gluten-free products greatly outnumber patients affected by CD, fuelling a global consumption of gluten-free foods with approximately $2.5 billion in United States sales each year. The acknowledgment of other medical conditions related to gluten that has arisen as health problems, providing a wide spectrum of gluten-related disorders. In February 2011, a new nomenclature for gluten-related disorders was created at a consensus conference in London. In this review, we analyse innovations in the field of research that emerged after the creation of the new classification, with particular attention to the new European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition guidelines for CD and the most recent research about non-celiac gluten sensitivity.
authors: Francesco Tovoli, Chiara Masi, Elena Guidetti, Giulia Negrini, Paola Paterini, Luigi Bolondi, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Tovoli
authors: Francesco Tovoli, Chiara Masi, Elena Guidetti, Giulia Negrini, Paola Paterini, Luigi Bolondi, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
authors: Chiara
authors: C
authors: Masi
authors: Francesco Tovoli, Chiara Masi, Elena Guidetti, Giulia Negrini, Paola Paterini, Luigi Bolondi, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
authors: Elena
authors: E
authors: Guidetti
authors: Francesco Tovoli, Chiara Masi, Elena Guidetti, Giulia Negrini, Paola Paterini, Luigi Bolondi, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
authors: Giulia
authors: G
authors: Negrini
authors: Francesco Tovoli, Chiara Masi, Elena Guidetti, Giulia Negrini, Paola Paterini, Luigi Bolondi, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
authors: Paola
authors: P
authors: Paterini
authors: Francesco Tovoli, Chiara Masi, Elena Guidetti, Giulia Negrini, Paola Paterini, Luigi Bolondi, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
authors: Luigi
authors: L
authors: Bolondi
keywords: Anti-gliadin antibodies; Celiac disease; Gluten; Gluten sensitivity; Gluten-free diet; Non-celiac gluten sensitivity; Wheat allergy