title: Ultrasound-modulated fluorescence based on donor-acceptor-labeled microbubbles.
abstract: A fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based microbubble contrast agent system was designed to experimentally demonstrate the concept of ultrasound-modulated fluorescence (UMF). Microbubbles were simultaneously labeled with donor and acceptor fluorophores on the surface to minimize self-quenching and maximize FRET. In response to ultrasound, the quenching efficiency was greatly modulated by changing the distance between the donor and acceptor molecules through microbubble size oscillations. Both donors and acceptors exhibited UMF on individual microbubbles. The UMF strength of the donor was more significant compared to that of the acceptor. Furthermore, the UMF of the donor was observed from a microbubble solution in a turbid media. This study exploits the feasibility of donor–acceptor labeled microbubbles as UMF contrast agents.
authors: The University of Texas at Arlington, Department of Bioengineering, 500 UTA Boulevard, Arlington, Texas 76010, United StatesbThe University of Texas at Arlington and The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Joint Biomedical Engineeri.
authors: Yuan
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: University of Colorado, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0427, United States.
authors: Jameel A
authors: JA
authors: Feshitan
authors: The University of Texas at Arlington, Department of Bioengineering, 500 UTA Boulevard, Arlington, Texas 76010, United StatesbThe University of Texas at Arlington and The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Joint Biomedical Engineeri.
authors: Ming-Yuan
authors: MY
authors: Wei
authors: University of Colorado, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0427, United States.
authors: Mark A
authors: MA
authors: Borden
authors: The University of Texas at Arlington, Department of Bioengineering, 500 UTA Boulevard, Arlington, Texas 76010, United StatesbThe University of Texas at Arlington and The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Joint Biomedical Engineeri.
authors: Baohong
authors: B
authors: Yuan
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media; D031541:Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer / Q000379:methods*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D045423:Microbubbles; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes