title: Antisecretory, gastroprotective, antioxidant and anti-Helicobcter pylori activity of zerumbone from Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Zingiber zerumbet Smith is a perennial herb, broadly distributed in many tropical areas. In Malaysia, it's locally known among the Malay people as "lempoyang" and its rhizomes, particularly, is widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease beyond other gastric disorders.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the current study is to evaluate the gastroprotective effect of zerumbone, the main bioactive compound of Zingiber zerumbet rhizome, against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were pre-treated with zerumbone and subsequently exposed to acute gastric ulcer induced by absolute ethanol administration. Following treatment, gastric juice acidity, ulcer index, mucus content, histological analysis (HE and PAS), immunohistochemical localization for HSP-70, prostaglandin E2 synthesis (PGE2), non-protein sulfhydryl gastric content (NP-SH), reduced glutathione level (GSH), and malondialdehyde level (MDA) were evaluated in ethanol-induced ulcer in vivo. Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) and anti-H. pylori activity were investigated in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that the intragastric administration of zerumbone protected the gastric mucosa from the aggressive effect of ethanol-induced gastric ulcer, coincided with reduced submucosal edema and leukocyte infiltration. This observed gastroprotective effect of zerumbone was accompanied with a significant (p <0.05) effect of the compound to restore the lowered NP-SH and GSH levels, and to reduce the elevated MDA level into the gastric homogenate. Moreover, the compound induced HSP-70 up-regulation into the gastric tissue. Furthermore, zerumbone significantly (p <0.05) enhanced mucus production, showed intense PAS stain and maintained PG content near to the normal level. The compound exhibited antisecretory activity and an interesting minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against H. pylori strain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study revealed that zerumbone promotes ulcer protection, which might be attributed to the maintenance of mucus integrity, antioxidant activity, and HSP-70 induction. Zerumbone also exhibited antibacterial action against H. pylori.
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: Heyam Mohamed Ali
authors: HM
authors: Sidahmed
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: Najihah Mohd
authors: NM
authors: Hashim
authors: Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: Mahmood Ameen
authors: MA
authors: Abdulla
authors: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: Hapipah Mohd
authors: HM
authors: Ali
authors: Medical Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Syam
authors: S
authors: Mohan
authors: Medical Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Siddig Ibrahim
authors: SI
authors: Abdelwahab
authors: Medical Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Manal Mohamed Elhassan
authors: MM
authors: Taha
authors: Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: Loke Mun
authors: LM
authors: Fai
authors: Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: Jamuna
authors: J
authors: Vadivelu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000431:Ethanol; D005750:Gastric Juice / Q000187:drug effects; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D030521:Zingiberaceae / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D000431:Ethanol; C403304:zerumbone; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005978:Glutathione