title: Evaluation of Airway Inflammation in Compost Workers Exposed to Bioaerosols Using Exhaled Breath Condensate and Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide.
abstract: Occupational bioaerosol exposures are capable to cause respiratory diseases. We studied the relationship between exposure to bioaerosols and biomarkers' concentration in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in 119 bioaerosol-exposed compost workers taking into account atopy and smoking habits. Atopy was classified according to specific IgE concentrations to common inhalant allergens (sx1). Bioaerosol exposure was estimated according to job title, duration of employment, results of ambient monitoring at the workplaces, and shift time worked under protection of filtered air supply. Concentrations of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and acid-base balance (pH) in EBC and FeNO were assessed in 59 never-smoking (NS) and 60 smoking (S) compost workers. We found that atopic subjects were equally distributed among NS and S (n=16 each). Levels of 8-iso-PGF2α were significantly higher in workers considered highly exposed to bioaerosols than in low exposed workers (86.6 (66.1; 128.8) pg/mL vs. 74.4 (56.3; 96.7) pg/mL, p=0.047). No associations could be observed between exposures and biomarkers concerning compost workers in total, but there were some in atopic workers (duration of employment and FeNO: r=0.376, p=0.041; filtered air supply and FeNO: r=-0.335, p=0.071). Smokers had significantly lower pH values compared to NS (non-atopic, p=0.041; atopic p=0.050). In conclusion, EBC and FeNO might be useful tools for monitoring of inflammation due to bioaerosol exposures, especially in atopic subjects. Besides smoking also atopy should be considered when investigating airway inflammation.
authors: Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany, hoffmeyer@ipa-dguv.de.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Hoffmeyer
authors: V
authors: V
authors: van Kampen
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Deckert
authors: H-D
authors: HD
authors: Neumann
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Buxtrup
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Willer
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Felten
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Brüning
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Raulf
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Bünger
mesh_terms: D000136:Acid-Base Equilibrium; D000328:Adult; D000336:Aerosols; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D045853:Exhalation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000378:metabolism; D007975:Leukotriene B4 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D015415:Biomarkers; D012987:Soil; D007975:Leukotriene B4; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D015237:Dinoprost; D015232:Dinoprostone