title: Mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder: effects of pharmacotherapy.
abstract: Bipolar disorder is a common, chronic, and complex mental illness. Bipolar disorder is frequently comorbid with primary mitochondrial and metabolic disorders, and studies have implicated mitochondrial dysfunction in its pathophysiology. In the brains of people with bipolar disorder, high-energy phosphates are decreased, lactate is elevated and pH decreased, which together suggest a shift toward glycolysis for energy production. Furthermore, oxidative stress is increased, and calcium signalling dysregulated. Additionally there is downregulation of the expression of mitochondrial complexes, especially complex I. The therapeutic effects of some bipolar disorder drugs have recently been shown to be related to these mechanisms. In this review we will evaluate current research on the interactions between mitochondrial dysfunction and bipolar disorder pathology. We will then appraise the current literature describing the effects of bipolar disorder drugs on mitochondrial function, and discuss ramifications for future research.
authors: School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Australia. ecallaly@deakin.edu.au.
authors: Edward
authors: E
authors: Callaly
authors: Ken
authors: K
authors: Walder
authors: Gerwyn
authors: G
authors: Morris
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Maes
authors: Monojit
authors: M
authors: Debnath
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Berk
mesh_terms: D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D018692:Antimanic Agents; D009569:Nitric Oxide