title: Correlation between aerosol therapy in early childhood and Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the correlation between the use of aerosol therapy in early childhood and the presence of Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH).
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  a retrospective case-control study in which a group (cases) consisted of children from 6 to 13 years with MIH visited at the unit of Pediatric Dentistry of the Policlinico Tor Vergata (Rome, Italy), and a group (controls) consisted of an equal number of children of the same age without MIH. Data about the aerosol therapy and the presence of MIH were obtained respectively by medical history and intraoral clinical examination. Collected data underwent statistical analysis using mainly non-parametric tests (p < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the study were included 182 patients, of which 91 (46 males, 51%) were children with MIH (cases), and 91 (46 males, 51%) were children without MIH (controls). In the group of patients with MIH, in the early childhood, 12 (13.1%) never had aerosol therapy, 6 (6.6%) underwent aerosol therapy less than 7 days per year, 22 (24.2%) from 8 to 15 days per year, 22 (24.2%) from 16 to 45 days a year, and 29 (31.9%) more than 45 days per year. In the control group, in the early childhood, 9 (9.9%) never had aerosol therapy, 29 (31.9%) underwent aerosol therapy less than 7 days per year, 26 (28.6%) from 8 to 15 days per year, 20 (22.0%) from 16 to 45 days a year and 7 (7.6%) more than 45 days per year.
  
  
  METHODS
  the risk of developing MIH in children undergoing intensive use of aerosol therapy with respect to those receiving a less intensive use resulted in an odds ratio of 3.19 (p <0.001) in the general population, 4.83 (p < 0.001) in males and was not statistically significant in females (p = 0.132). The Spearman correlation between aerosol therapy and MIH was 0.278 (p < 0.001) in the general population, 0.372 (p < 0.001) in male, and it was not statistically significant (p = 0.08) in female subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aerosol therapy carried out in early childhood appears to be a risk factor for the development of MIH, particularly in male subjects.
authors: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Tor Vergata University of Rome.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Loli
authors: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Tor Vergata University of Rome.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Costacurta
authors: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Tor Vergata University of Rome.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Maturo
authors: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Tor Vergata University of Rome.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Docimo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy; D001991:Bronchitis / Q000188:drug therapy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000209:etiology; D003744:Dental Enamel Hypoplasia / Q000209:etiology*; D058995:Dry Powder Inhalers; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D036501:Metered Dose Inhalers; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D010612:Pharyngitis / Q000188:drug therapy; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019141:Respiratory System Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D009067:Mouthwashes; D020011:Protective Agents; D019141:Respiratory System Agents