title: Cellular and molecular targeting for nanotherapeutics in transplantation tolerance.
abstract: The induction of donor-specific tolerance to transplanted cells and organs, while preserving immune function as a whole, remains a highly sought after and elusive strategy for overcoming transplant rejection. Tolerance necessitates modulating a diverse array of cell types that recognize and respond to alloantigens, including antigen presenting cells and T lymphocytes. Nanotherapeutic strategies that employ cellular and biomaterial engineering represent an emerging technology geared towards the goal of inducing transplant tolerance. Nanocarriers offer a platform for delivering antigens of interest to specific cell types in order to achieve tolerogenic antigen presentation. Furthermore, the technologies also provide an opportunity for local immunomodulation at the graft site. Nanocarriers delivering a combination of antigens and immunomodulating agents, such as rapamycin, provide a unique technology platform with the potential to enhance outcomes for the induction of transplant tolerance.
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd / E310, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanoTechnology (SQI), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Electronic address: k-hlavaty@u.northwestern.edu.
authors: Kelan A
authors: KA
authors: Hlavaty
authors: Department of Medicine and Comprehensive Transplant Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, USA. Electronic address: xunrongluo@northwestern.edu.
authors: Xunrong
authors: X
authors: Luo
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address: ldshea@umich.edu.
authors: Lonnie D
authors: LD
authors: Shea
authors: Department of Microbiology-Immunology and Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 300 E Superior St, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Electronic address: s-d-miller@northwestern.edu.
authors: Stephen D
authors: SD
authors: Miller
mesh_terms: D017951:Antigen Presentation / Q000276:immunology; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology*; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000276:immunology; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D050997:Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods*; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023001:Transplantation Tolerance / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D004337:Drug Carriers; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D020123:Sirolimus; D016559:Tacrolimus
keywords: Nanocarrier; Targeting; Tolerance; Transplantation