title: High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, daily estradiol and progesterone, and mammographic density phenotypes in premenopausal women.
abstract: High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) may influence the proliferation of breast tumor cells, but it is unclear whether low HDL-C levels, alone or in combination with cyclic estrogen and progesterone, are associated with mammographic density, a strong predictor of breast cancer development. Fasting morning serum concentrations of HDL-C were assessed in 202 premenopausal women, 25 to 35 years of age, participating in the Norwegian Energy Balance and Breast Cancer Aspects (EBBA) I study. Estrogen and progesterone were measured both in serum, and daily in saliva, throughout an entire menstrual cycle. Absolute and percent mammographic density was assessed by a computer-assisted method (Madena), from digitized mammograms (days 7-12). Multivariable models were used to study the associations between HDL-C, estrogen and progesterone, and mammographic density phenotypes. We observed a positive association between HDL-C and percent mammographic density after adjustments (P = 0.030). When combining HDL-C, estradiol, and progesterone, we observed among women with low HDL-C (<1.39 mmol/L), a linear association between salivary 17β-estradiol, progesterone, and percent and absolute mammographic density. Furthermore, in women with low HDL-C, each one SD increase of salivary mid-menstrual 17β-estradiol was associated with an OR of 4.12 (95% confidence intervals; CI, 1.30-13.0) of having above-median percent (28.5%), and an OR of 2.5 (95% CI, 1.13-5.50) of having above-median absolute mammographic density (32.4 cm(2)). On the basis of plausible biologic mechanisms linking HDL-C to breast cancer development, our findings suggest a role of HDL-C, alone or in combination with estrogen, in breast cancer development. However, our small hypothesis generating study requires confirmation in larger studies.
authors: The Cancer Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. v.g.flote@medisin.uio.no.
authors: Vidar G
authors: VG
authors: Flote
authors: The Cancer Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Hanne
authors: H
authors: Frydenberg
authors: Cancer Registry of Norway, Majorstuen, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Giske
authors: G
authors: Ursin
authors: Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors: Anita
authors: A
authors: Iversen
authors: Unit of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Morten W
authors: MW
authors: Fagerland
authors: Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
authors: Peter T
authors: PT
authors: Ellison
authors: The Cancer Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Erik A
authors: EA
authors: Wist
authors: Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway.
authors: Thore
authors: T
authors: Egeland
authors: Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors: Tom
authors: T
authors: Wilsgaard
authors: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Public Health Sciences Division, Seattle, Washington.
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: McTiernan
authors: Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors: Anne-Sofie
authors: AS
authors: Furberg
authors: The Cancer Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors: Inger
authors: I
authors: Thune
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000071060:Breast Density; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D042361:Mammary Glands, Human / Q000002:abnormalities*; D008327:Mammography; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010641:Phenotype; D017697:Premenopause; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood*; D011379:Prognosis; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol