title: Development and Evaluation of a Simple, Multifactorial Model Based on Landing Performance to Indicate Injury Risk in Surfing Athletes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop and evaluate a multifactorial model based on landing performance to estimate injury risk for surfing athletes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five measures were collected from 78 competitive surfing athletes and used to create a model to serve as a screening tool for landing tasks and potential injury risk. In the second part of the study, the model was evaluated using junior surfing athletes (n = 32) with a longitudinal follow-up of their injuries over 26 wk. Two models were compared based on the collected data, and magnitude-based inferences were applied to determine the likelihood of differences between injured and noninjured groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study resulted in a model based on 5 measures--ankle-dorsiflexion range of motion, isometric midthigh-pull lower-body strength, time to stabilization during a drop-and-stick (DS) landing, relative peak force during a DS landing, and frontal-plane DS-landing video analysis--for male and female professional surfers and male and female junior surfers. Evaluation of the model showed that a scaled probability score was more likely to detect injuries in junior surfing athletes and reported a correlation of r = .66, P = .001, with a model of equal variable importance. The injured (n = 7) surfers had a lower probability score (0.18 ± 0.16) than the noninjured group (n = 25, 0.36 ± 0.15), with 98% likelihood, Cohen d = 1.04.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed model seems sensitive and easy to implement and interpret. Further research is recommended to show full validity for potential adaptations for other sports.
authors: Centre for Exercise and Sport Science Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
authors: Lina E
authors: LE
authors: Lundgren
authors: Tai T
authors: TT
authors: Tran
authors: Sophia
authors: S
authors: Nimphius
authors: Ellen
authors: E
authors: Raymond
authors: Josh L
authors: JL
authors: Secomb
authors: Oliver R L
authors: OR
authors: Farley
authors: Robert U
authors: RU
authors: Newton
authors: Julie R
authors: JR
authors: Steele
authors: Jeremy M
authors: JM
authors: Sheppard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000842:Ankle / Q000502:physiology; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000209:etiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003163:Competitive Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D053580:Muscle Strength; D011336:Probability; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology*; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D055815:Young Adult