title: Biologic adjuvants and bone: current use in orthopedic surgery.
abstract: Normal bone healing is a complex process that eventually restores original structure and function to the site of trauma. However, clinical circumstances such as nonunion, critical-sized defects, systemic bone disease, and fusion procedures have stimulated a search for ways to enhance this normal healing process. Biologics are an important part of this search and many, including bone marrow aspirate concentrate, demineralized bone matrix, platelet-rich plasma, bone morphogenic proteins, and platelet-derived growth factor, are currently in clinical use. Many others, including mesenchymal stem cells, parathyroid hormone, and Nel-like molecule-1 (NELL-1) will likely be in use in the future depending on the results of preclinical and clinical trials.
authors: Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA, Bsmith51@pride.hofstra.edu.
authors: Benjamin
authors: B
authors: Smith
authors: Todd
authors: T
authors: Goldstein
authors: Charles
authors: C
authors: Ekstein