title: SIOP-PODC adapted risk stratification and treatment guidelines: Recommendations for neuroblastoma in low- and middle-income settings.
abstract: Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood in high-income countries (HIC), where consistent treatment approaches based on clinical and tumor biological risk stratification have steadily improved outcomes. However, in low- and middle- income countries (LMIC), suboptimal diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment may occur due to limited resources and unavailable infrastructure. The clinical practice guidelines outlined in this manuscript are based on current published evidence and expert opinions. Standard risk stratification and treatment explicitly adapted to graduated resource settings can improve outcomes for children with neuroblastoma by reducing preventable toxic death and relapse.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut.
authors: Nehal S
authors: NS
authors: Parikh
authors: University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee.
authors: Scott C
authors: SC
authors: Howard
authors: Department of Hemato-oncology, Hospital JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors: Guillermo
authors: G
authors: Chantada
authors: VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors: Trijn
authors: T
authors: Israels
authors: Department of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
authors: Mohammed
authors: M
authors: Khattab
authors: University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines.
authors: Patricia
authors: P
authors: Alcasabas
authors: Department of Oncology and International Outreach Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.
authors: Catherine G
authors: CG
authors: Lam
authors: Cure2Children Foundation, Florence, Italy.
authors: Lawrence
authors: L
authors: Faulkner
authors: Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.
authors: Julie R
authors: JR
authors: Park
authors: Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Maryland.
authors: Wendy B
authors: WB
authors: London
authors: Department of Pediatrics, UCSF School of Medicine and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, California.
authors: Katherine K
authors: KK
authors: Matthay
mesh_terms: D003906:Developing Countries; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011203:Poverty; D011859:Radiography; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012306:Risk; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
keywords: MYCN; Neuroblastoma; diagnosis; low income countries; resource limited countries; treatment