title: Sympathoadrenal activation and endothelial damage are inter correlated and predict increased mortality in patients resuscitated after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. a post Hoc sub-study of patients from the TTM-trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sympathoadrenal activation and endothelial damage are hallmarks of acute critical illness. This study investigated their association and predictive value in patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Post-hoc analysis of patients included at a single site in The Targeted Temperature Management at 33 degrees versus 36 degrees after Cardiac Arrest (TTM) trial. The main study reported similar outcomes with targeting 33 versus 36 degrees. TTM main study ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01020916. One hundred sixty three patients resuscitated from OHCA were included at a single site ICU. Blood was sampled a median 135 min (Inter Quartile Range (IQR) 103-169) after OHCA. Plasma catecholamines (adrenaline, noradrenaline) and serum endothelial biomarkers (syndecan-1, thrombomodulin, sE-selectin, sVE-cadherin) were measured at admission (immediately after randomization). We had access to data on demography, medical history, characteristics of the OHCA, patients and 180-day outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adrenaline and noradrenaline correlated positively with syndecan-1 and thrombomodulin i.e., biomarkers reflecting endothelial damage (both p<0.05). Overall 180-day mortality was 35%. By Cox analyses, plasma adrenaline, serum sE-selectin, reflecting endothelial cell activation, and thrombomodulin levels predicted mortality. However, thrombomodulin was the only biomarker independently associated with mortality after adjusting for gender, age, rhythm (shockable vs. non-shockable), OHCA to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) time, shock at admission and ST elevation myocardial infarction (30-day Hazards Ratio 1.71 (IQR 1.05-2.77), p=0.031 and 180-day Hazards Ratio 1.65 (IQR 1.03-2.65), p=0.037 for 2-fold higher thrombomodulin levels).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Circulating catecholamines and endothelial damage were intercorrelated and predicted increased mortality. Interventions aiming at protecting and/or restoring the endothelium may be beneficial in OHCA patients.
authors: Section for Transfusion Medicine Capital Region Blood Bank, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Capital Region, Denmark; Department of Surgery and Division of Acute Care Surgery, Centre for Translational Injury Research (CeTIR) at University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States.
authors: Pär I
authors: PI
authors: Johansson
authors: Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Capital Region, Denmark.
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Bro-Jeppesen
authors: Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Capital Region, Denmark.
authors: Jesper
authors: J
authors: Kjaergaard
authors: Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Capital Region, Denmark.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Wanscher
authors: Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Capital Region, Denmark.
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Hassager
authors: Section for Transfusion Medicine Capital Region Blood Bank, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Capital Region, Denmark.
authors: Sisse R
authors: SR
authors: Ostrowski
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015820:Cadherins / Q000097:blood; D003710:Demography; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D058687:Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D053668:Syndecan-1 / Q000097:blood; D013696:Temperature; D018180:Thrombomodulin / Q000097:blood; D000099152:Cadherin 5
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015415:Biomarkers; D015820:Cadherins; D019040:E-Selectin; D004837:Epinephrine; D009638:Norepinephrine; D053668:Syndecan-1; D018180:Thrombomodulin; D000099152:Cadherin 5