title: Efficacy of locally-delivered 1% metformin gel in the treatment of intrabony defects in patients with chronic periodontitis: a randomized, controlled clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Metformin (MF), used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, has shown to possess properties favoring osteoblastic proliferation. The present study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of MF 1% gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of intrabony defects in patients with chronic periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study comprised 65 individuals divided into two groups: 1% MF with SRP and placebo gel with SRP. Clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months; they included plaque index, modified sulcus bleeding index, probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Intrabony defect depth (IBD) was evaluated at the end of 6 months using computer-aided software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean PD reduction, CAL gain, and IBD depth reduction were found to be greater in the MF group than in the placebo group at all visits. The percentage of defect depth reduction was significantly greater in the MF group (26.8 ± 5.52%) than in the placebo sites (4.79 ± 2.30%, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One percent MF was found to significantly improve clinical and radiographic parameters in intrabony defects in patients with chronic periodontitis.
authors: Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors: Avani R
authors: AR
authors: Pradeep
authors: Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors: Kaushik
authors: K
authors: Patnaik
authors: Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors: Kanika
authors: K
authors: Nagpal
authors: Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors: Shruti
authors: S
authors: Karvekar
authors: Oxford Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.|Azamgarh Dental College, Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors: Bhaskar L
authors: BL
authors: Ramamurthy
authors: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors: Savitha B
authors: SB
authors: Naik
authors: Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors: Deepak
authors: D
authors: Suke
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Grant Medical College and J.J Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors: Priyanka
authors: P
authors: Singh
authors: Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Uttarakhand Government Medical College, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India.
authors: Arjun
authors: A
authors: Raju
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D012534:Dental Scaling; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010512:Periodontal Index; D011861:Radiography, Dental; D016745:Root Planing
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D008687:Metformin
keywords: chronic periodontitis; defect depth reduction; drug delivery system; metformin; regeneration