title: [The mosquito-borne viruses in Europe].
abstract: Epidemiologic changes of vector-borne diseases in recent years have multiple causes, including climate change. There are about 3500 species of mosquitoes worldwide, three-quarters of which live in tropical and subtropical wetlands. Main viruses transmitted by mosquitoes in Europe belong to the genus Flavivirus; some of them have been recently reported in Italy (Usutu and Japanese encephalitis virus), while others have been circulating for years and autochthonous transmission has been documented (West Nile virus). Mosquito-borne viruses can be classified according to the vector (Aedes or Culex), which, in turn, is associated with different vertebrate host and pathology. The Flavivirus transmitted by Culex have birds as a reservoir and can cause meningoencephalitis, while viruses transmitted by Aedes have primates as reservoir, do not have neurotropism and mainly cause hemorrhagic diseases. Other arbovirus, potentially responsible of epidemics, are the Chikungunya virus (Alphavirus family), introduced for the first time in Europe in 2007, and the virus of Rift Valley fever (Phlebovirus family). The spread in non-endemic areas of vector-born diseases have highlighted the importance of surveillance systems and vector control strategies.
authors: Antonella
authors: A
authors: Rossati
authors: Olivia
authors: O
authors: Bargiacchi
authors: Vesselina
authors: V
authors: Kroumova
authors: Pietro Luigi
authors: PL
authors: Garavelli
mesh_terms: D000524:Alphavirus; D000818:Animals; D002646:Chikungunya virus; D057231:Climate Change; D003465:Culex / Q000821:virology; D009033:Culicidae / Q000821:virology*; D003716:Dengue Virus; D004664:Encephalitis Virus, Japanese; D005060:Europe; D005416:Flavivirus; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000821:virology*; D007558:Italy; D012296:Rift Valley fever virus; D013045:Species Specificity; D014902:West Nile virus; D015005:Yellow fever virus