title: Advanced application of porcine intramuscular adipocytes for evaluating anti-adipogenic and anti-inflammatory activities of immunobiotics.
abstract: We previously established a clonal porcine intramuscular preadipocyte (PIP) line and we were able to establish a protocol to obtain functional mature adipocytes from PIP cells. We hypothesized that both PIP cells and mature adipocytes are likely to be useful in vitro tools for increasing our understanding of immunobiology of adipose tissue, and for the selection and study of immunoregulatory probiotics (immunobiotics) able to modulate adipocytes immune responses. In this study, we investigated the immunobiology of PIP cells and mature adipocytes in relation to their response to TNF-α stimulation. In addition, we evaluated the possibility that immunobiotic microorganisms modify adipogenesis and immune functions of porcine adipose tissue through Peyer's patches (PPs) immune-competent cells. We treated the porcine PPs immune cells with different probiotic strains; and we evaluated the effect of conditioned media from probiotic-stimulated immune cells in PIP cells and mature adipocytes. The Lactobacillus GG and L. gasseri TMC0356 showed remarkable effects, and were able to significantly reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory factors and negative regulators (A20, Bcl-3, and MKP-1) in adipocytes challenged with TNF-α. The results of this study demonstrated that the evaluation of IL-6, and MCP-1 production, and A20 and Bcl-3 down-regulation in TNF-α-challenged adipocytes could function as biomarkers to screen and select potential immunobiotic strains. Taking into consideration that several in vivo and in vitro studies clearly demonstrated the beneficial effects of Lactobacillus GG and L. gasseri TMC0356 in adipose inflammation, the results presented in this work indicate that the PIP cells and porcine adipocytes could be used for the screening and the selection of new immunobiotic strains with the potential to functionally modulate adipose inflammation when orally administered.
authors: Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan.
authors: Masahiko
authors: M
authors: Suzuki
authors: Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan.
authors: Asuka
authors: A
authors: Tada
authors: Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan.
authors: Paulraj
authors: P
authors: Kanmani
authors: Cell Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan.
authors: Hitoshi
authors: H
authors: Watanabe
authors: Cell Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan.
authors: Hisashi
authors: H
authors: Aso
authors: Department of Food, Agriculture and Environment, Miyagi University, Sendai 982-0215, Japan.
authors: Yoshihito
authors: Y
authors: Suda
authors: Cell Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan.
authors: Tomonori
authors: T
authors: Nochi
authors: Technical Research Laboratory, Takanashi Milk Products Co., Ltd, Yokohama Kanagawa, 241-0023, Japan.
authors: Kenji
authors: K
authors: Miyazawa
authors: Technical Research Laboratory, Takanashi Milk Products Co., Ltd, Yokohama Kanagawa, 241-0023, Japan.
authors: Kazutoyo
authors: K
authors: Yoda
authors: Technical Research Laboratory, Takanashi Milk Products Co., Ltd, Yokohama Kanagawa, 241-0023, Japan.
authors: Fang
authors: F
authors: He
authors: Technical Research Laboratory, Takanashi Milk Products Co., Ltd, Yokohama Kanagawa, 241-0023, Japan.
authors: Masataka
authors: M
authors: Hosoda
authors: Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan.
authors: Tadao
authors: T
authors: Saito
authors: Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina.
authors: Julio
authors: J
authors: Villena
authors: Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan.
authors: Haruki
authors: H
authors: Kitazawa
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000737:chemistry; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000276:immunology; D019936:Probiotics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; C439524:TNF protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha