title: Treatment of periodontal disease with an Er,Cr:YSGG laser in rats exposed to cigarette smoke inhalation.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandiumgallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser irradiation in the treatment of periodontitis in rats exposed to cigarette smoke inhalation (CSI). Ligatures were placed in the maxillary second molars. After a 15-day period, the ligatures were removed and 180 animals were randomly divided into six groups: (1) CSRP group--CSI and manual scaling and root planing (SRP) treatment; (2) CL group--CSI and Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation; (3) CSRP + L group-CSI, SRP, and Er,Cr:YSGG irradiation; (4) SRP group-manual SRP; (5) L group--Er,Cr:YSGG irradiation; (6) SRP + L group--SRP and Er,Cr:YSGG irradiation. At 7, 15, and 30 days after treatments, animals were euthanized and histologic, histometric, immunohistochemistry, and real-time PCR analyses were performed. Histometrically, no differences were observed in the SRP, L, and SRP + L groups exposed to CSI. The CSRP group showed more bone formation at 30 days than at 15 days (p < 0.01) but less bone at 30 days than the CL group at 30 days (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining was positive for osteoblasts, fibroblasts, and osteoclasts. Real-time PCR showed more (vascular endothelial growth factor) VEGF expression in the L (p < 0.05) and SRP + L (p < 0.01) groups at 30 days than at 15 days and less VEGF expression in the CSRP group at 30 days than at 15 days (p < 0.05). There was no difference in fibroblast growth factor (FGF) expression. The Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation promotes favorable conditions for tissue repair even in animals exposed to CSI, with similar results as those achieved from manual scaling and root planing.
authors: Araraquara Dental School-São Paulo University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Chaine
authors: C
authors: Pavone
authors: Araraquara Dental School-São Paulo University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Andressa Vilas Boas
authors: AV
authors: Nogueira
authors: Araraquara Dental School-São Paulo University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Guilherme José Pimentel Lopes
authors: GJ
authors: de Oliveira
authors: Araraquara Dental School-São Paulo University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Cássio Rocha
authors: CR
authors: Scardueli
authors: Araraquara Dental School-São Paulo University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Paulo Sérgio
authors: PS
authors: Cerri
authors: Araraquara Dental School-São Paulo University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Elcio
authors: E
authors: Marcantonio
authors: Araraquara Dental School-São Paulo University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil. adriana@foar.unesp.br.
authors: Rosemary Adriana Chiérici
authors: RA
authors: Marcantonio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000473:pathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D051381:Rats; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012907:Smoking
keywords: Er,Cr:YSGG; Laser; Periodontal disease; Smoke