title: The Syrian hamster embryo cells transformation assay identifies efficiently nongenotoxic carcinogens, and can contribute to alternative, integrated testing strategies.
abstract: The long-term carcinogenesis bioassays have played a central role in protecting human health, but for ethical and practical reasons their use is dramatically diminishing and the genotoxicity short-term tests have taken the pivotal role in the pre-screening of chemical carcinogenicity. However, this strategy cannot detect nongenotoxic carcinogens. Since up to 25% of IARC human carcinogens are recognized to have nongenotoxic mechanisms of action, the risk they pose to human health cannot be disregarded, and it is urgent to fill the gap in the tools for alternative testing. In this paper, we analyze from different perspectives the ability of Cell Transformation Assays to identify nongenotoxic carcinogens, and we conclude that the Syrian hamster embryo cells test is able to identify nongenotoxic carcinogens with 80-90% efficiency, and thus, can play an important role in integrated, alternative testing strategies.
authors: Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Environment and Health Department, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: romualdo.benigni@gmail.com.
authors: Romualdo
authors: R
authors: Benigni
authors: Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Environment and Health Department, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors: Cecilia
authors: C
authors: Bossa
authors: Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Environment and Health Department, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors: Olga
authors: O
authors: Tcheremenskaia
authors: Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Environment and Health Department, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors: Chiara Laura
authors: CL
authors: Battistelli
authors: Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Environment and Health Department, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors: Alessandro
authors: A
authors: Giuliani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015197:Carcinogenicity Tests / Q000379:methods; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000473:pathology*; D006224:Cricetinae; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D008647:Mesocricetus; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests / Q000379:methods; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens
keywords: Alternative testing; Carcinogenicity; Nongenotoxic carcinogens; Predictive toxicology; Structure-activity