title: Start-up of simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) process in sequencing batch biofilm reactor using novel biomass carriers.
abstract: Simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) process was started-up in a 2.5L sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) using novel biomass carriers. The SNAD process took only 51d for start-up at nitrogen loading rate (NLR) and organic loading rate (OLR) of 120 and 60g/m(3)-d, respectively. Long-term stable operation of SNAD process was observed at NLR and OLR of 360 and 180g/m(3)-d with average total nitrogen and COD removal efficiencies of >88% and >90%, respectively. The values of conversion ratio [Formula: see text] remained below 0.11 after the start-up period, which further confirmed the long-term stability of SNAD process. Results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), qualitative PCR, and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis of sludge samples confirmed the co-existence and enrichment of AOB, anammox bacteria and denitrifying bacteria in the reactor and biofilm formation on to the carriers.
authors: Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
authors: Achlesh
authors: A
authors: Daverey
authors: Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
authors: Yi-Chian
authors: YC
authors: Chen
authors: Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
authors: Kasturi
authors: K
authors: Dutta
authors: Department of Bioenvironmental Engineering, Chung-Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
authors: Yu-Tzu
authors: YT
authors: Huang
authors: Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan. Electronic address: jglin@mail.nctu.edu.tw.
authors: Jih-Gaw
authors: JG
authors: Lin
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000378:metabolism*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology*; D058440:Denitrification; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D009573:Nitrites; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D000641:Ammonia
keywords: Anammox; Biofilm; Carrier; SNAD; Start-up