title: RMND5 from Xenopus laevis is an E3 ubiquitin-ligase and functions in early embryonic forebrain development.
abstract: In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the Gid-complex functions as an ubiquitin-ligase complex that regulates the metabolic switch between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. In higher organisms six conserved Gid proteins form the CTLH protein-complex with unknown function. Here we show that Rmnd5, the Gid2 orthologue from Xenopus laevis, is an ubiquitin-ligase embedded in a high molecular weight complex. Expression of rmnd5 is strongest in neuronal ectoderm, prospective brain, eyes and ciliated cells of the skin and its suppression results in malformations of the fore- and midbrain. We therefore suggest that Xenopus laevis Rmnd5, as a subunit of the CTLH complex, is a ubiquitin-ligase targeting an unknown factor for polyubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation for proper fore- and midbrain development.
authors: Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Halle, Germany.
authors: Thorsten
authors: T
authors: Pfirrmann
authors: Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Human Genetics, Halle, Germany.
authors: Pablo
authors: P
authors: Villavicencio-Lorini
authors: Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Halle, Germany.
authors: Abinash K
authors: AK
authors: Subudhi
authors: University of Stuttgart, Institute of Biochemistry, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
authors: Ruth
authors: R
authors: Menssen
authors: University of Stuttgart, Institute of Biochemistry, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
authors: Dieter H
authors: DH
authors: Wolf
authors: Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Halle, Germany.
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Hollemann
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047108:Embryonic Development; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D016548:Prosencephalon / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; C586474:RMND5A protein, human; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases