title: Susceptibility Weighted Imaging and Mapping of Micro-Hemorrhages and Major Deep Veins after Traumatic Brain Injury.
abstract: Micro-hemorrhages are a common result of traumatic brain injury (TBI), which can be quantified with susceptibility weighted imaging and mapping (SWIM), a quantitative susceptibility mapping approach. A total of 23 TBI patients (five women, 18 men; median age, 41.25 years old; range, 21.69-67.75 years) with an average Glasgow Coma Scale score of 7 (range, 3-15) at admission were recruited at mean 149 d (range, 57-366) after injury. Susceptibility-weighted imaging data were collected and post-processed to create SWIM images. The susceptibility value of small hemorrhages (diameter ≤10 mm) and major deep veins (right septal, left septal, central septal, right thalamostriate, left thalamostriate, internal cerebral, right basal vein of Rosenthal, left basal vein of Rosenthal, and pial veins) were evaluated. Different susceptibility thresholds were tested to determine SWIM's sensitivity and specificity for differentiating hemorrhages from the veins. A total of 253 deep veins and 173 small hemorrhages were identified and evaluated. The mean susceptibility of hemorrhages was 435±206 parts per billion (ppb) and the mean susceptibility of deep veins was 108±56 ppb. Hemorrhages showed a significantly higher susceptibility than all deep veins (p<0.001). With different thresholds (250, 227 and 200 ppb), the specificity was 97%, 95%, and 92%, and the sensitivity was 84%, 90%, and 92%, respectively. These results show that SWIM could be used to differentiate hemorrhages from veins in TBI patients in a semi-automated manner with reasonable sensitivity and specificity. A larger cohort will be needed to validate these findings.
authors: 1 Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Hunan Province, China .|2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Liu
authors: 3 Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital , Tianjin, China .
authors: Shuang
authors: S
authors: Xia
authors: 4 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan.
authors: Robin
authors: R
authors: Hanks
authors: 5 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan.
authors: Natalie
authors: N
authors: Wiseman
authors: 6 Department of Neurological Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan.
authors: Changya
authors: C
authors: Peng
authors: 1 Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Hunan Province, China .
authors: Shunke
authors: S
authors: Zhou
authors: 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan.|7 Department of Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan.
authors: E Mark
authors: EM
authors: Haacke
authors: 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan.|7 Department of Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan.
authors: Zhifeng
authors: Z
authors: Kou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D020201:Brain Hemorrhage, Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002550:Cerebral Veins / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins / Q000737:chemistry; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010108:Oxyhemoglobins
keywords: cerebral microbleeds (CMBs); quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM); susceptibility weighted imaging; susceptibility weighted imaging and mapping (SWIM); traumatic brain injury