title: Outcomes of frontal mucoceles treated with conventional endoscopic sinus surgery.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  Conventional endoscopic sinus surgery (CESS) is useful for frontal mucoceles. A patient with short anterior-posterior distance and bone thickening may need an axillary flap, Draf type IIb, or Draf type III procedure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To present outcomes of frontal mucoceles treated with CESS and predict risk factors for poor outcomes to help define surgical indications.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive clinical series was reviewed retrospectively. The authors performed CESS without agger nasi resection (Draf type IIa) for 13 frontal sinus mucoceles in 12 patients between October 2011 and July 2013. Patient age, sex, blood eosinophil count, history of operation and co-existence of acute infection were compared. For the condition of the frontal sinus, anterior-posterior distance and width of frontal recess, bone thickening of the frontal recess, bone absorption due to continuous pressure by mucocele and anatomy of the frontal recess was noted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All operations were done without a navigation system. The post-operative course was uneventful in all 12 patients, and all symptoms gradually receded. Among 13 mucoceles, one frontal sinus (7.7%) closed during follow-up.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai, Miyagi , Japan.
authors: Kazuhiro
authors: K
authors: Nomura
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Hidaka
authors: Kazuya
authors: K
authors: Arakawa
authors: Mitsuru
authors: M
authors: Sugawara
authors: Daiki
authors: D
authors: Ozawa
authors: Yuri
authors: Y
authors: Okumura
authors: Yusuke
authors: Y
authors: Takata
authors: Yukio
authors: Y
authors: Katori
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005626:Frontal Sinus / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009078:Mucocele / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D010254:Paranasal Sinus Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Chronic sinusitis; frontal sinus; mucocele; operative technique; sinus surgery