title: Biofilm formation on tympanostomy tubes depends on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus genetic lineage.
abstract: Bacterial biofilm formation has been implicated in the high incidence of persistent otorrhoea after tympanostomy tube insertion. The aim of the study was to investigate whether biofilm formation on tympanostomy tubes depends on the genetic profile of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. Capacity of biofilm formation on fluoroplastic tympanostomy tubes (TTs) was tested on 30 MRSA strains. Identification and methicillin resistance were confirmed by PCR for nuc and mecA genes. Strains were genotypically characterised (SCCmec, agr and spa typing). Biofilm formation was tested in microtiter plate and on TTs. Tested MRSA strains were classified into SCCmec type I (36.7 %), III (23.3 %), IV (26.7 %) and V (13.3 %), agr type I (50 %), II (36.7 %) and III (13.3 %), and 5 clonal complexes (CCs). All tested MRSA strains showed ability to form biofilm on microtiter plate. Capacity of biofilm formation on TTs was as following: 13.3 % of strains belonged to the category of no biofilm producers, 50 % to the category of weak biofilm producers and 36.7 % to moderate biofilm producers. There was a statistically significant difference between CC, SCCmec and agr types and the category of biofilm production on TTs tubes (p < 0.001): CC5, SCCmecI type and agrII type with a moderate amount of biofilm, and CC8 and agrI type with a low amount of biofilm. Biofilm formation by MRSA on TTs is highly dependent on genetic characteristics of the strains. Therefore, MRSA genotyping may aid the determination of the possibility of biofilm-related post-tympanostomy tube otorrhea.
authors: Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.|Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: Ana
authors: A
authors: Jotić
authors: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: Dragana D
authors: DD
authors: Božić
authors: Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.|Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: Jovica
authors: J
authors: Milovanović
authors: Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.|Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: Bojan
authors: B
authors: Pavlović
authors: Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.|Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: Snežana
authors: S
authors: Ješić
authors: Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.|Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: Mijomir
authors: M
authors: Pelemiš
authors: Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: Marko
authors: M
authors: Novaković
authors: Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia. cirkoviciv@yahoo.com.
authors: Ivana
authors: I
authors: Ćirković
mesh_terms: D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques / Q000379:methods; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D008876:Middle Ear Ventilation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D058889:Molecular Typing / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000382:microbiology*; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000382:microbiology*
keywords: Biofilm formation; Genetic lineages; MRSA; Tympanostomy tubes