title: Permeation of steryl ferulates through an in vitro intestinal barrier model.
abstract: METHODS
  Steryl ferulates (SFs) belong to the bioactive lipids contributing to the health promoting effects of whole grains. However, their intestinal absorption remains unclear. We investigated the permeation of individual SFs using an in vitro intestinal barrier model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An in vitro Caco-2 cell monolayer, mimicking the intestinal barrier, was used to evaluate the permeation of eight SFs from different sources. A method based on ultra-performance LC with high-resolution mass spectrometric detection was developed for their quantification. Although only a negligible amount (< 0.5%) permeated across the Caco-2 cell monolayer, some differences in the permeability coefficients were observed between individual SFs. Permeation mechanism was mainly passive diffusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work indicates that the permeation of SFs across the gut is very low. Therefore, cholesterol lowering and antioxidant activity-related health benefits of SFs most likely occur in the gut independently from absorption.
authors: Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: Dan
authors: D
authors: Zhu
authors: Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: Davide
authors: D
authors: Brambilla
authors: Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: Jean-Christophe
authors: JC
authors: Leroux
authors: Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Nyström
mesh_terms: D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000032:analysis; D004952:Esters / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007422:Intestines / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008954:Models, Biological; D010539:Permeability; D010840:Phytosterols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000067348:Whole Grains / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003373:Coumaric Acids; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004952:Esters; D010840:Phytosterols; C540967:cycloartenyl ferulate; C584530:campesteryl ferulate; C004999:ferulic acid
keywords: Caco-2; Cereal grains; Monolayer; Steryl ferulate; γ-Oryzanol