title: Prognostic implication of CD57, CD16, and TGF-β expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Natural killer (NK) cells are important immune effector cells against tumors especially in the absence or reducing MHC class I antigen. Downregulation of CD16 receptor is accompanied by decreasing NK cell-killing activity. It has also been shown that some of tumor cells can evade from immune system through producing transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and affect prognosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of CD57(+) and CD16(+) cells and TGF-β expression in samples of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  CD57, CD16, and TGF-β expressions were examined immunohistochemically in 57 cases of OSCC. The relationship between markers' expression and clinicopathologic data using bivariate and multivariate analysis was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate analysis revealed that CD57 expression [HR 17.34 (95% CI 3.815-78.830); P < 0.001] and mode of invasion [HR 0.362 (95% CI 0.138-0.947); P = 0.038] correlated with survival rate, but no relation between CD57 expression and mode of invasion was seen (P = 0.96). Furthermore, no correlation between CD57, CD16, and TGF-β expression was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that CD57 expression and mode of invasion are independent prognostic factors of survival in OSCC patients.
authors: Dental Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Nasim
authors: N
authors: Taghavi
authors: Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Bagheri
authors: Department of Basic Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Alireza
authors: A
authors: Akbarzadeh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018959:CD57 Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; D015996:Survival Rate; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018959:CD57 Antigens; C428200:FCGR3B protein, human; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D017452:Receptors, IgG; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta
keywords: CD16; CD57; TGF-β; oral squamous cell carcinoma; prognosis