title: The detection of vector-borne-disease-related DNA in human stool paves the way to large epidemiological studies.
abstract: The detection of Plasmodium spp. by the molecular analysis of human feces was reported to be comparable to detection in the blood. We believe that for epidemiological studies using molecular tools, it would be simpler to use feces, which are easier to obtain and require no training for their collection. Our aim was to evaluate the usefulness of feces for the detection of these pathogens towards developing a new tool for their surveillance. Between 2008 and 2010, 451 human fecal samples were collected in two Senegalese villages in which malaria and rickettsioses are endemic. Rickettsia and Plasmodium DNA were detected using quantitative PCR targeting Rickettsia of the spotted fever group, R. felis and Plasmodium spp. Two different sequences were systematically targeted for each pathogen. Twenty of the 451 fecal samples (4.4 %) were positive for Rickettsia spp., including 8 for R. felis. Inhabitants of Dielmo were more affected (18/230, 7.8 %; p = 0.0008) compared to those of Ndiop (2/221, 0.9 %). Children under 15 years of age were more often positive (19/285, 6.7 %) than were older children (1/166, 0.6 %; p = 0.005, odds ratio = 11.79). Only one sample was positive for Plasmodium spp. This prevalence is similar to that found in the blood of the Senegalese population reported previously. This preliminary report provides a proof of concept for the use of feces for detecting human pathogens, including microorganisms that do not cause gastroenteritis, in epidemiological studies.
authors: Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE) UM63, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095 Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 5, France.
authors: Alpha Kabinet
authors: AK
authors: Keita
authors: Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE) UM63, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095 Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 5, France.
authors: Florence
authors: F
authors: Fenollar
authors: Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE) UM63, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095 Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 5, France.
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Socolovschi
authors: Department of Public Health and Health Services Management, Far Eastern State Medical University, Khabarovsk, Russia.
authors: Pavel
authors: P
authors: Ratmanov
authors: Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE) UM63, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095 Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 5, France.
authors: Hubert
authors: H
authors: Bassene
authors: Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE) UM63, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095 Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 5, France.
authors: Cheikh
authors: C
authors: Sokhna
authors: Unité d'Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, BP 220, Dakar, Sénégal.
authors: Adama
authors: A
authors: Tall
authors: Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE) UM63, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095 Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 5, France.
authors: Oleg
authors: O
authors: Mediannikov
authors: Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE) UM63, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095 Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 5, France. didier.raoult@gmail.com.|Campus International de Hann, IRD, BP 1386, 18524, Dakar, Sénégal. didier.raoult@gmail.com.
authors: Didier
authors: D
authors: Raoult
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000469:parasitology; D008297:Male; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; D010961:Plasmodium / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D015995:Prevalence; D012281:Rickettsia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012282:Rickettsia Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology; D012288:Rickettsiaceae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D012675:Senegal / Q000453:epidemiology; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial
keywords: Africa; Fecal samples; Human; Plasmodium spp.; Rickettsia spp.