title: Antibacterial and osteogenic stem cell differentiation properties of photoinduced TiO₂ nanoparticle-decorated TiO₂ nanotubes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To improve the antibacterial and mammalian cell compatibility properties of titania nanotubes (TNTs) anodized into titanium (Ti).
  
  
  METHODS
  3-8-nm TiO2 nanoparticles were decorated on the surface and inside TNT (TNT-TiO2) through a hydrothermal method. After UV light treatment, two types of oral bacteria and stem cells were cultured on the samples to determine antibacterial and compatibility properties.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TiO2 nanoparticles increased the surface area and photocatalysis of TNTs. Based on the photocatalysis effect and prolonged photo-induced wettability, the numbers of Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis were lower on the surface of TNT-TiO2 than pure Ti and TNTs after the first 7 days. Specifically, for S. mutans, the glycosytransferase (gtf) genes were downregulated 0.1-0.2-fold on TNT-TiO2. Due to the different topography and high surface energy of TNT-TiO2, stem cells also showed improved osteogenic functions on TNT-TiO2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, we demonstrated for the first time improved antibacterial properties and, at the same time, greater stem cell osteogenic capacity when decorating TNTs with nanosized TiO2 particles, which may significantly improve orthopedic and dental implant efficacy.
authors: Laboratory of Biomaterials & Biomechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration & Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing 100050, China.
authors: Wenwen
authors: W
authors: Liu
authors: Penglei
authors: P
authors: Su
authors: Su
authors: S
authors: Chen
authors: Na
authors: N
authors: Wang
authors: Jinshu
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: Yiran
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Yuanping
authors: Y
authors: Ma
authors: Hongyi
authors: H
authors: Li
authors: Zhenting
authors: Z
authors: Zhang
authors: Thomas J
authors: TJ
authors: Webster
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D015870:Gene Expression; D008422:Materials Testing; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D050997:Nanomedicine; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000472:pathogenicity; D051381:Rats; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000472:pathogenicity; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium
keywords: TiO2 nanoparticles; antibacterial effect; photocatalysis; stem cells; titania nanotubes