title: Toxicity effects of profenofos on embryonic and larval development of Zebrafish (Danio rerio).
abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the developmental toxicity of profenofos to early developing Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos (4h post fertilization) in a static system at 1.0 to 2.25mg/L. Median lethal concentrations (LC50) of profenofos at 24-h, 48-h, 72-h and 96-h were determined as 2.04, 1.58, 1.57 and 1.56 mg/L, respectively. The hatching of embryos were recorded at every 12h interval and the median hatching time (HT50) was also calculated for each concentration. In a separate set of experiments, 96-h LC10 (0.74 mg/L) and LC50 (1.56 mg/L) concentrations were used to assess the developmental toxicity in relation to behavior, morphology, and interactions with the targeted enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Live video-microscopy revealed that the profenofos exposed embryos exhibited an abnormal development, skeletal defects and altered heart morphology in a concentration-dependent manner, which leads to alterations in the swimming behavior of hatchlings at 144-h, which indicate that developing zebrafish are sensitive to profenofos.
authors: Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
authors: Rajesh
authors: R
authors: Pamanji
authors: Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Yashwanth
authors: Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
authors: M S
authors: MS
authors: Bethu
authors: Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Leelavathi
authors: Zebrafish Laboratory, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Ravinder
authors: Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India. Electronic address: jviict@gmail.com.
authors: J Venkateswara
authors: JV
authors: Rao
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000002:abnormalities; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D006257:Head / Q000002:abnormalities; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000139:chemically induced; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D063086:Organothiophosphates / Q000633:toxicity*; D013623:Tail / Q000002:abnormalities; D015017:Yolk Sac / Q000002:abnormalities; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D007306:Insecticides; D063086:Organothiophosphates; C024273:profenofos; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase
keywords: Developmental toxicity; Profenofos; Swimming behavior; Zebrafish