title: Prevalence of protozoa species in drinking and environmental water sources in Sudan.
abstract: Protozoa are eukaryotic cells distributed worldwide in nature and are receiving increasing attention as reservoirs and potential vectors for the transmission of pathogenic bacteria. In the environment, on the other hand, many genera of the protozoa are human and animal pathogens. Only limited information is available on these organisms in developing countries and so far no information on their presence is available from Sudan. It is necessary to establish a molecular identification of species of the protozoa from drinking and environmental water. 600 water samples were collected from five states (Gadarif, Khartoum, Kordofan, Juba, and Wad Madani) in Sudan and analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. 57 out of 600 water samples were PCR positive for protozoa. 38 out of the 57 positive samples were identified by sequencing to contain 66 protozoa species including 19 (28.8%) amoebae, 17 (25.7%) Apicomplexa, 25 (37.9%) ciliates, and 5 (7.6%) flagellates. This study utilized molecular methods identified species belonging to all phyla of protozoa and presented a fast and accurate molecular detection and identification of pathogenic as well as free-living protozoa in water uncovering hazards facing public health.
authors: Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden ; Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, P.O. Box 12810, Khartoum, Sudan.
authors: Salah
authors: S
authors: Shanan
authors: Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Hadi
authors: H
authors: Abd
authors: Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, P.O. Box 12810, Khartoum, Sudan.
authors: Magdi
authors: M
authors: Bayoumi
authors: Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Amir
authors: A
authors: Saeed
authors: Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Gunnar
authors: G
authors: Sandström
mesh_terms: D000656:Amoeba / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D016782:Apicomplexa / Q000235:genetics*; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics; D004777:Environment; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D015995:Prevalence; D011528:Protozoan Infections / Q000469:parasitology; D013397:Sudan; D014867:Water / Q000469:parasitology*
chemical_list: D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D014867:Water