title: The specificity and accuracy of (111)In-hexavalent lactoside in estimating liver reserve and its threshold value for mortality in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The asialoglycoprotein receptor on hepatocyte membranes recognizes the galactose residues of glycoproteins. We investigated the specificity, accuracy and threshold value of asialoglycoprotein receptor imaging for estimating liver reserve via scintigraphy using (111)In-hexavalent lactoside in mouse models.
  
  
  METHODS
  (111)In-hexavalent lactoside scintigraphy for asialoglycoprotein receptor imaging was performed on groups of normal mice, orthotopic SK-HEP-1-bearing mice, subcutaneous HepG2-bearing mice, mice with 20-80% partial hepatectomy and mice with acute hepatitis induced by acetaminophen. Liver reserve was measured by relative liver uptake and compared with normal mice. Asialoglycoprotein receptor blockade was performed via an in vivo asialofetuin competitive binding assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 73.64±7.11% of the injection dose accumulated in the normal liver tissue region, and radioactivity was barely detected in the hepatoma region. When asialoglycoprotein receptor was blocked using asialofetuin, less than 0.41±0.04% of the injection dose was detected as background in the liver. Asialoglycoprotein receptor imaging data revealed a linear correlation between (111)In-hexavalent lactoside binding and residual liver mass (R(2)=0.8548) in 20-80% of partially hepatectomized mice, demonstrating the accuracy of (111)In-hexavalent lactoside imaging for measuring the functional liver mass. Asialoglycoprotein receptor imaging data in mice with liver failure induced using 600mg/kg acetaminophen revealed 19-45% liver reserve relative to normal mice and a fatal threshold value of 25% liver reserve.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The (111)In-hexavalent lactoside imaging method appears to be a good, specific, visual and quantitative predictor of functional liver reserve. The diagnostic threshold for survival was at 25% liver reserve in mice.
authors: Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan 325, Taiwan; Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
authors: Mei-Hui
authors: MH
authors: Wang
authors: Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan 325, Taiwan.
authors: Chuan-Yi
authors: CY
authors: Chien
authors: Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan 325, Taiwan.
authors: Ping-Yen
authors: PY
authors: Wang
authors: Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan 325, Taiwan.
authors: Hung-Man
authors: HM
authors: Yu
authors: Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Electronic address: benlee@ntu.edu.tw.
authors: Hsuan-Shu
authors: HS
authors: Lee
authors: Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan 325, Taiwan. Electronic address: wjlin7008@gmail.com.
authors: Wuu-Jyh
authors: WJ
authors: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D006027:Glycosides / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D015996:Survival Rate; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D006027:Glycosides; C008245:lactosides
keywords: (111)In-hexavalent lactoside scintigraphy; Asialoglycoprotein receptor; Liver reserve