title: Environmental and mental conditions predicting the experience of involuntary musical imagery: An experience sampling method study.
abstract: An experience sampling method (ESM) study on 40 volunteers was conducted to explore the environmental factors and psychological conditions related to involuntary musical imagery (INMI) in everyday life. Participants reported 6 times per day for one week on their INMI experiences, relevant contextual information and associated environmental conditions. The resulting data was modeled with Bayesian networks and led to insights into the interplay of factors related to INMI experiences. The activity that a person is engaged was found to play an important role in the experience of mind wandering, which in turn enables the experience of INMI. INMI occurrence is independent of the time of the day while the INMI trigger affects the subjective evaluation of the INMI experience. The results are compared to findings from earlier studies based on retrospective surveys and questionnaires and highlight the advantage of ESM techniques in research on spontaneous experiences like INMI.
authors: Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, New Cross Road, New Cross, London SE14 6NW, United Kingdom. Electronic address: g.floridou@gold.ac.uk.
authors: Georgia A
authors: GA
authors: Floridou
authors: Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, New Cross Road, New Cross, London SE14 6NW, United Kingdom. Electronic address: d.mullensiefen@gold.ac.uk.
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Müllensiefen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007092:Imagination / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009146:Music / Q000523:psychology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bayesian networks; Earworms; Involuntary musical imagery; Mind wandering; Spontaneous cognition