title: Arterial stiffness is not associated with bone parameters in an elderly hyperhomocysteinemic population.
abstract: Several studies have observed positive associations between bone disease and cardiovascular disease. A potential common pathway is hyperhomocysteinemia; however, to date, there is a lack of data regarding hyperhomocysteinemic populations. Therefore, we examined both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, whether there is an association between bone parameters and arterial stiffness in a hyperhomocysteinemic population, and investigated the potential common role of homocysteine (hcy) level on these associations. Cross-sectional and longitudinal data of the B-PROOF study were used (n = 519). At both baseline and 2-year follow-up we determined bone measures-incident fractures and history of fractures, bone-mineral density (BMD) and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measurement. We also measured arterial stiffness parameters at baseline-pulse wave velocity, augmentation index and aortic pulse pressure levels with applanation tonometry. Linear regression analysis was used to examine these associations and we tested for potential interaction of hcy level. The mean age of the study population was 72.3 years and 44.3 % were female. Both cross-sectionally and longitudinally there was no association between arterial stiffness measures and BMD or QUS measurements or with incident fractures (n = 16) within the 2-3 years of follow-up. Hcy level did not modify the associations and adjustment for hcy did not change the results. Arterial stiffness was not associated with bone parameters and fractures, and hcy neither acted as a pleiotropic factor nor as a mediator. The potential association between bone and arterial stiffness is therefore not likely to be driven by hyperhomocysteinemia.
authors: Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. s.c.vandijk@erasmusmc.nl.
authors: S C
authors: SC
authors: van Dijk
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: R T
authors: RT
authors: de Jongh
authors: Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: A W
authors: AW
authors: Enneman
authors: Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: A C
authors: AC
authors: Ham
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: K M A
authors: KM
authors: Swart
authors: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: J P
authors: JP
authors: van Wijngaarden
authors: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: N L
authors: NL
authors: van der Zwaluw
authors: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: E M
authors: EM
authors: Brouwer-Brolsma
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: N M
authors: NM
authors: van Schoor
authors: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: R A M
authors: RA
authors: Dhonukshe-Rutten
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Lips
authors: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: C P G M
authors: CP
authors: de Groot
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Institute for Cardiovascular Research ICaR-VU, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Y M
authors: YM
authors: Smulders
authors: Institute for Cardiovascular Research ICaR-VU, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: H J
authors: HJ
authors: Blom
authors: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: E J
authors: EJ
authors: Feskens
authors: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Geleijnse
authors: Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: A H
authors: AH
authors: van den Meiracker
authors: Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: F U S
authors: FU
authors: Mattace Raso
authors: Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Ageing, Rotterdam and Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors: A G
authors: AG
authors: Uitterlinden
authors: Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: M C
authors: MC
authors: Zillikens
authors: Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: van der Velde
mesh_terms: D001158:Arteries / Q000473:pathology*; D015519:Bone Density; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D020138:Hyperhomocysteinemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D059289:Vascular Stiffness / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Arterial stiffness; Bone; Homocysteine; Osteoporosis