title: Effects of Adolescent Universal Substance Misuse Preventive Interventions on Young Adult Depression Symptoms: Mediational Modeling.
abstract: Depression symptoms are associated with impairments in functioning and have substantial health and economic consequences. Universal substance misuse prevention programs have shown effects on non-targeted mental health-related symptoms, but long-term effects are understudied. This cluster randomized controlled trial examined effects of both the LifeSkills Training (LST) and Strengthening Families Program: For Parents and Youth 10-14 (SFP 10-14) interventions, delivered during seventh grade, on age 22 young adult depression symptoms. The study was conducted in US rural Midwestern communities with a randomly-selected sample from a larger study (N = 670). Experimental conditions were LST+SFP 10-14, LST-only, and a control condition. Effects on age 22 depression symptoms were hypothesized as mediated through effects on age 21 relationship problems and illicit use of substances. Structural equation modeling with manifest and latent variables was conducted to test hypotheses; the intervention conditions were combined and compared with the control condition because analyses indicated a comparable pattern of effects between intervention conditions. Significant indirect intervention effects were found on age 22 depression symptoms via effects on the mediating variables (indirect effect: β = -0.06, 95 % CI [-0.10, -0.01], p = 0.011). Effect sizes for the young adult variables were between d = 0.17 and 0.29, which can be considered small, but nontrivial, especially in the context of public health benefits. Results support scaled-up implementation of school-based and family-focused universal substance misuse preventive interventions.
authors: Partnerships in Prevention Science Institute, Iowa State University, 2625 N. Loop Drive, Suite 2400, Ames, IA, 50010, USA. ltrudeau@iastate.edu.
authors: Linda
authors: L
authors: Trudeau
authors: Partnerships in Prevention Science Institute, Iowa State University, 2625 N. Loop Drive, Suite 2400, Ames, IA, 50010, USA.
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Spoth
authors: Boys Town National Research Institute for Child and Family Studies, 14100 Crawford Street, Boys Town, NE, 68010, USA.
authors: W Alex
authors: WA
authors: Mason
authors: Partnerships in Prevention Science Institute, Iowa State University, 2625 N. Loop Drive, Suite 2400, Ames, IA, 50010, USA.
authors: G Kevin
authors: GK
authors: Randall
authors: Partnerships in Prevention Science Institute, Iowa State University, 2625 N. Loop Drive, Suite 2400, Ames, IA, 50010, USA.
authors: Cleve
authors: C
authors: Redmond
authors: Partnerships in Prevention Science Institute, Iowa State University, 2625 N. Loop Drive, Suite 2400, Ames, IA, 50010, USA.
authors: Lisa
authors: L
authors: Schainker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003863:Depression / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005196:Family Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015146:Midwestern United States; D008960:Models, Psychological; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D012424:Rural Population; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Depression symptoms; Mediation; Preventive intervention; Young adult