title: A family of transposable elements co-opted into developmental enhancers in the mouse neocortex.
abstract: The neocortex is a mammalian-specific structure that is responsible for higher functions such as cognition, emotion and perception. To gain insight into its evolution and the gene regulatory codes that pattern it, we studied the overlap of its active developmental enhancers with transposable element (TE) families and compared this overlap to uniformly shuffled enhancers. Here we show a striking enrichment of the MER130 repeat family among active enhancers in the mouse dorsal cerebral wall, which gives rise to the neocortex, at embryonic day 14.5. We show that MER130 instances preserve a common code of transcriptional regulatory logic, function as enhancers and are adjacent to critical neocortical genes. MER130, a nonautonomous interspersed TE, originates in the tetrapod or possibly Sarcopterygii ancestor, which far predates the appearance of the neocortex. Our results show that MER130 elements were recruited, likely through their common regulatory logic, as neocortical enhancers.
authors: Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, 279 Campus Drive West (MC 5329), Beckman Center B-300, Stanford, California 94305-5329, USA.
authors: James H
authors: JH
authors: Notwell
authors: Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, 279 Campus Drive West (MC 5329), Beckman Center B-300, Stanford, California 94305-5329, USA.
authors: Tisha
authors: T
authors: Chung
authors: 1] Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, 279 Campus Drive West (MC 5329), Beckman Center B-300, Stanford, California 94305-5329, USA [2] Department of Biology, Stanford University, 279 Campus Drive West (MC 5329), Beckman Center B-300, Stanford, California 94305-5329, USA.
authors: Whitney
authors: 0000000167094062
authors: W
authors: Heavner
authors: 1] Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, 279 Campus Drive West (MC 5329), Beckman Center B-300, Stanford, California 94305-5329, USA [2] Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, 279 Campus Drive West (MC 5329), Beckman Center B-300, Stanford, California 94305-5329, USA [3] Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Stanford University, 279 Campus Drive West (MC 5329), Beckman Center B-300, Stanford, California 94305-5329, USA.
authors: Gill
authors: G
authors: Bejerano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000235:genetics*; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D050881:E1A-Associated p300 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D019579:Neocortex / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D014157:Transcription Factors; D050881:E1A-Associated p300 Protein; C494361:Ep300 protein, mouse