title: Initial constructs for patient-centered outcome measures to evaluate brain-computer interfaces.
abstract: The authors describe preliminary work toward the creation of patient-centered outcome (PCO) measures to evaluate brain-computer interface (BCI) as an assistive technology (AT) for individuals with severe speech and physical impairments (SSPI).
  
  
  
  In Phase 1, 591 items from 15 existing measures were mapped to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). In Phase 2, qualitative interviews were conducted with eight people with SSPI and seven caregivers. Resulting text data were coded in an iterative analysis.
  
  
  
  Most items (79%) were mapped to the ICF environmental domain; over half (53%) were mapped to more than one domain. The ICF framework was well suited for mapping items related to body functions and structures, but less so for items in other areas, including personal factors. Two constructs emerged from qualitative data: quality of life (QOL) and AT. Component domains and themes were identified for each.
  
  
  
  Preliminary constructs, domains and themes were generated for future PCO measures relevant to BCI. Existing instruments are sufficient for initial items but do not adequately match the values of people with SSPI and their caregivers. Field methods for interviewing people with SSPI were successful, and support the inclusion of these individuals in PCO research. Implications for Rehabilitation Adapted interview methods allow people with severe speech and physical impairments to participate in patient-centered outcomes research. Patient-centered outcome measures are needed to evaluate the clinical implementation of brain-computer interface as an assistive technology.
authors: a Institute on Development & Disability, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland , OR , USA .|b Department of Public Health & Preventive Medicine , and.
authors: Elena M
authors: EM
authors: Andresen
authors: a Institute on Development & Disability, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland , OR , USA .|c Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Otolaryngology, and Biomedical Engineering , Oregon Health & Science University , Portland , OR , USA , and.
authors: Melanie
authors: M
authors: Fried-Oken
authors: a Institute on Development & Disability, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland , OR , USA .
authors: Betts
authors: B
authors: Peters
authors: d Department of Health Services , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA.
authors: Donald L
authors: DL
authors: Patrick
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D062207:Brain-Computer Interfaces; D003142:Communication; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D064702:International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D000071066:Patient Reported Outcome Measures; D011788:Quality of Life; D012107:Research Design; D012656:Self-Help Devices; D058992:Social Participation; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Augmentative and alternative communication; communication disorders; quality of life; severe speech and physical impairments