title: Autologous fat injection into the pectoralis major as an adjunct to surgical correction of gynecomastia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Correction of gynecomastia in males is a frequently performed aesthetic procedure. Various surgical options involving the removal of excess skin, fat, or glandular tissue have been described. However, poor aesthetic outcomes, including a flat or depressed pectoral area, limit the success of these techniques.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The authors sought to determine patient satisfaction with the results of upper chest augmentation by direct intrapectoral fat injection in conjunction with surgical correction of gynecomastia.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective study, 26 patients underwent liposuction and glandular excision, glandular excision alone, or Benelli-type skin excision. All patients received intramuscular fat injections in predetermined zones of the pectoralis major (PM). The mean volume of fat injected was 160 mL (range, 80-220 mL per breast) bilaterally. Patients were monitored for an average of 16 months (range, 8-24 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hematoma formation and consequent infraareolar depression was noted in 1 patient and was corrected by secondary lipografting. Mean patient satisfaction was rated as 8.4 on a scale of 1 (unsatisfactory) to 10 (highly satisfactory).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Autologous intrapectoral fat injection performed simultaneously with gynecomastia correction can produce a masculine appearance. The long-term viability of fat cells injected into the PM needs to be determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  4 Therapeutic.
authors: Drs Pilanci and Basaran are Instructor Fellows, Dr Cortuk is a resident, and Dr Kuvat is an Associate Professor in the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery at Bagcilar Research and Training Hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. Dr Aydin is an Instructor Fellow and Dr Kuvat is the Chief of the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery at the Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine in Turkey.
authors: Ozgur
authors: O
authors: Pilanci
authors: Drs Pilanci and Basaran are Instructor Fellows, Dr Cortuk is a resident, and Dr Kuvat is an Associate Professor in the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery at Bagcilar Research and Training Hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. Dr Aydin is an Instructor Fellow and Dr Kuvat is the Chief of the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery at the Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine in Turkey.
authors: Karaca
authors: K
authors: Basaran
authors: Drs Pilanci and Basaran are Instructor Fellows, Dr Cortuk is a resident, and Dr Kuvat is an Associate Professor in the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery at Bagcilar Research and Training Hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. Dr Aydin is an Instructor Fellow and Dr Kuvat is the Chief of the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery at the Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine in Turkey.
authors: Hasan Utkan
authors: HU
authors: Aydin
authors: Drs Pilanci and Basaran are Instructor Fellows, Dr Cortuk is a resident, and Dr Kuvat is an Associate Professor in the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery at Bagcilar Research and Training Hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. Dr Aydin is an Instructor Fellow and Dr Kuvat is the Chief of the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery at the Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine in Turkey.
authors: Oguz
authors: O
authors: Cortuk
authors: Drs Pilanci and Basaran are Instructor Fellows, Dr Cortuk is a resident, and Dr Kuvat is an Associate Professor in the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery at Bagcilar Research and Training Hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. Dr Aydin is an Instructor Fellow and Dr Kuvat is the Chief of the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery at the Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine in Turkey.
authors: Samet Vasfi
authors: SV
authors: Kuvat
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000637:transplantation*; D000328:Adult; D006177:Gynecomastia / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D015187:Lipectomy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010369:Pectoralis Muscles; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult