title: Head and neck reconstruction using the superiorly based reversed-flow facial artery myomucosal flap.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The use of myomucosal buccinator flaps in the reconstruction of oral cavity defects is well established in the international literature; however, their use for the reconstruction of defects not in the oral cavity has been largely underestimated. The purpose of this report was to describe and review the applications of the superiorly based facial artery myomucosal (FAMM) flap in head and neck reconstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a retrospective evaluation of 12 patients who underwent reconstruction of the palate, lip, nasal septum, and conjunctiva with reversed-flow FAMM flaps. Mouth opening, speech, reconstruction effectiveness, and esthetic outcomes were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient cohort consisted of 7 men and 5 women 33 to 80 years old (mean, 56.2 yr old). No major complication occurred. Cosmetic results were excellent in most patients. Functionally, the best reconstruction results were obtained in the palate, lip, and conjunctiva. Nasal reconstruction led to mild airway obstruction in 2 cases and severe obstruction in 1 case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The superiorly based FAMM flap plays an important role in the reconstruction of particular defects involving the oral cavity and other distant sites of the head and neck area. The reliability, low morbidity, and optimal results that can be achieved using this technique make this flap a good option for such reconstructions.
authors: Associate Professor, Maxillofacial Surgery Division, Head and Neck Department, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy. Electronic address: a.ferri@libero.it.
authors: Silvano
authors: S
authors: Ferrari
authors: Attending, Maxillofacial Surgery Division, Head and Neck Department, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Ferri
authors: Attending, Maxillofacial Surgery Division, Head and Neck Department, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors: Bernardo
authors: B
authors: Bianchi
authors: Resident, Maxillofacial Surgery Division, Head and Neck Department, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors: Enrico
authors: E
authors: Contadini
authors: Resident, Maxillofacial Surgery Division, Head and Neck Department, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors: Massimiliano
authors: M
authors: Leporati
authors: Full Professor and Division Head, Maxillofacial Surgery Division, Head and Neck Department, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors: Enrico
authors: E
authors: Sesenna
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001158:Arteries / Q000601:surgery*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009055:Mouth / Q000601:surgery*; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000601:surgery; D009333:Neck / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps