title: Cardiac function in a long-term follow-up study of moderate and severe porcine model of chronic myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Novel therapies need to be evaluated in a relevant large animal model that mimics the clinical course and treatment in a reasonable time frame. To reliably assess therapeutic efficacy, knowledge regarding the translational model and the course of disease is needed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Landrace pigs were subjected to a transient occlusion of the proximal left circumflex artery (LCx) (n = 6) or mid-left anterior descending artery (LAD) (n = 6) for 150 min. Cardiac function was evaluated before by 2D echocardiography or 3D echocardiography and pressure-volume loop analysis. At 12 weeks of follow-up the heart was excised for histological analysis and infarct size calculations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Directly following AMI, LVEF was severely reduced compared to baseline in the LAD group (-17.1 ± 1.6%, P = 0.009) compared to only a moderate reduction in the LCx group (-5.9 ± 1.5%, P = 0.02) and this effect remained unchanged during 12 weeks of follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two models of chronic MI, representative for different patient groups, can reproducibly be created through clinically relevant ischemia-reperfusion of the mid-LAD and proximal LCx.
authors: Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Erasmus University Medical Center, Room 2389a, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands.
authors: Renate
authors: R
authors: de Jong
authors: Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands.
authors: Gerardus P J
authors: GP
authors: van Hout
authors: Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Erasmus University Medical Center, Room 2389a, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands.
authors: Jaco H
authors: JH
authors: Houtgraaf
authors: Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Erasmus University Medical Center, Room 2389a, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Takashima
authors: Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands.
authors: Gerard
authors: G
authors: Pasterkamp
authors: Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands.
authors: Imo
authors: I
authors: Hoefer
authors: Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands ; Interventional Cardiology Department, Division of Cardiology & Pulmonology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Room E04-201, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands.
authors: Henricus J
authors: HJ
authors: Duckers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013552:Swine