title: Detection of nitrifiers and evaluation of partial nitrification for wastewater treatment: A review.
abstract: Partial nitrification has gained broad interests in the biological nitrogen removal (BNR) from wastewater, since it alleviates carbon limitation issues and acts as a shortcut nitrogen removal system combined with anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) process. The occurrence and maintenance of partial nitrification relies on various conditions, which favor ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) but inhibit or limit nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB). The studies of the AOB and NOB activities have been conducted by state-of-the-art molecular techniques, such as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Quantitative PCR, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique, Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP), Live/Dead BacLight, and quinone profile. Furthermore, control strategies for obtaining partial nitrification are mainly focused on the pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, real-time aeration control, sludge retention time, substrate concentration, alternating anoxic and aerobic operation, inhibitor and ultrasonic treatment. Existing problems and further perspectives for the scale-up of partial nitrification are also proposed and suggested.
authors: Key Laboratory of Beijing Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China. Electronic address: geshijian1221@gmail.com.
authors: Shijian
authors: S
authors: Ge
authors: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
authors: Shanyun
authors: S
authors: Wang
authors: Key Laboratory of Beijing Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
authors: Xiong
authors: X
authors: Yang
authors: Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
authors: Shuang
authors: S
authors: Qiu
authors: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
authors: Baikun
authors: B
authors: Li
authors: Key Laboratory of Beijing Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China. Electronic address: pyz@bjut.edu.cn.
authors: Yongzhen
authors: Y
authors: Peng
mesh_terms: D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology; D058645:Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D058465:Nitrification; D009573:Nitrites / Q000737:chemistry; D009584:Nitrogen; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D009573:Nitrites; D009584:Nitrogen; D012722:Sewage; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB); Anammox; Nitritation; Nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB); Partial nitrification; Wastewater