title: Sleep, anxiety and electronic device use by athletes in the training and competition environments.
abstract: This study subjectively assessed sleep quality and quantity, state anxiety and electronic device use during a 7-day training week (TRAIN) and a 7-day competitive tournament (COMP). Eight state-level netball players used wrist-watch actigraphy to provide indirect sleep measures of bedtime, wake time, sleep duration, sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset and fragmentation index. State anxiety was reported using the anxiety sub-scale in the Profile of Mood States-Adolescents. Before bed duration of electronic device use and the estimated time to sleep after finishing electronic device use was also recorded. Significant main effects showed that sleep efficiency (p = 0.03) was greater in COMP as compared to TRAIN. Furthermore, the bedtime and wake time were earlier (p = 0.01) during COMP. No further differences existed between conditions (p > 0.05). However, strong negative associations were seen between state anxiety and the sleep quality rating. Here, sleep efficiency was likely greater in COMP due to the homeostatic need for recovery sleep, resulting from the change in environment from training to competition. Furthermore, an increased anxiety before bed seems to influence sleep quality and should be considered in athletes portraying poor sleep habits.
authors: a School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , WA , Australia.
authors: Georgia
authors: G
authors: Romyn
authors: a School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , WA , Australia.
authors: Elisa
authors: E
authors: Robey
authors: a School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , WA , Australia.
authors: James A
authors: JA
authors: Dimmock
authors: b Department of Physiology , Australian Institute of Sport , Bruce , ACT , Australia.
authors: Shona L
authors: SL
authors: Halson
authors: a School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , WA , Australia.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Peeling
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy / Q000379:methods; D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety; D056352:Athletes; D034201:Computers, Handheld / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D012890:Sleep; D000070263:Sleep Hygiene; D000068997:Smartphone / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Sleep; actigraphy; athlete; recovery