title: In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the inflammatory potential of various nanoporous hydroxyapatite biomaterials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To discriminate the most important physicochemical parameters for bone reconstruction, the inflammatory potential of seven nanoporous hydroxyapatite powders synthesized by hard or soft templating was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  After physical and chemical characterization of the powders, we studied the production of inflammatory mediators by human primary monocytes after 4 and 24 h in contact with powders, and the host response after 2 weeks implantation in a mouse critical size defect model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro results highlighted increases in the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1, -8, -10 and proMMP-2 and -9 and decreases in the secretion of IL-6 only for powders prepared by hard templating. In vivo observations confirmed an extensive inflammatory tissue reaction and a strong resorption for the most inflammatory powder in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings highlight that the most critical physicochemical parameters for these nanoporous hydroxyapatite are, the crystallinity that controls dissolution potential, the specific surface area and the size and shape of crystallites.
authors: EA 4691 Biomatériaux & inflammation en site osseux, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Odontologie, 51 rue Cognacq Jay, 51095 Reims, Cedex, France.
authors: Frédéric
authors: F
authors: Velard
authors: Silke
authors: S
authors: Schlaubitz
authors: Jean-Christophe
authors: JC
authors: Fricain
authors: Christine
authors: C
authors: Guillaume
authors: Dominique
authors: D
authors: Laurent-Maquin
authors: Janina
authors: J
authors: Möller-Siegert
authors: Loïc
authors: L
authors: Vidal
authors: Edouard
authors: E
authors: Jallot
authors: Stéphanie
authors: S
authors: Sayen
authors: Olivier
authors: O
authors: Raissle
authors: Jean-Marie
authors: JM
authors: Nedelec
authors: Cathie
authors: C
authors: Vix-Guterl
authors: Karine
authors: K
authors: Anselme
authors: Joëlle
authors: J
authors: Amédée
authors: Patrice
authors: P
authors: Laquerrière
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017886:Durapatite / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D050997:Nanomedicine; D058608:Nanopores; D016348:Osseointegration; D011208:Powders
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D011208:Powders; D017886:Durapatite
keywords: bone substitutes; critical size defects; inflammation; mice; monocytes; nanoporous calcium phosphates