title: Myricetin enhance chemosensitivity of 5-fluorouracil on esophageal carcinoma in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Flavonoids are structurally heterogeneous, polyphenolic compounds present in high concentrations in fruits, vegetables, and other plant-derived foods. Currently, there is growing interest in the therapeutic applications of bioflavonoids for the treatment and prevention of diseases in humans. Myricetin is a naturally occurring flavonoid that is commonly found in tea, berries, fruits, vegetables, and medicinal herbs. Previous studies have shown that myricetin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and potent anticancer effects. It was interesting to investigate whether myricetin has the cooperative inhibitory effect combined with 5-fluorouracil on esophageal cancer cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  EC9706 cells were treated with 5-fluorouracil combination with or without myricetin. Colony formation assays, CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the chemosensitization activity of myricetin combine with 5-fluorouracil on the cell growth and viability, cell proliferation and apoptosis in vitro. Western blot was engaged to detect changes of Survivin, Cyclin D, Bcl-2, Caspase-3 and P53 protein expression level, which were associated with cells proliferation and apoptosis. Nude mouse tumor xenograft model was built to assessed chemosensitization effect of myricetin combine with 5-fluorouracil in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the 5-fluorouracil group without myricetin treatment, the groups treated with 5-fluorouracil combine with myricetin showed significantly suppressed cell survival fraction and proliferation, increased the cell apoptosis. Decreased Survivin, Cyclin D, Bcl-2, and increased Caspase-3, P53 expression level were aslo confirmed by western blot in 5-fluorouracil combine with myricetin groups in vitro. And in vivo assay, growth speed of tumor xenografts was significantly decreased in the mice treated with 5-fluorouracil + myricetin combiantion group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo evidence that combination of myricetin with 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy can enhance tumor chemosensitivity of esophageal cancer EC9706 cells, and myricetin could be a potential chemosensitizer for esophageal cancer therapy.
authors: Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1, Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
authors: Lei
authors: L
authors: Wang
authors: Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
authors: Jianfang
authors: J
authors: Feng
authors: College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
authors: Xiaonan
authors: X
authors: Chen
authors: Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Guo
authors: College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
authors: Yuwen
authors: Y
authors: Du
authors: College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
authors: Yuanyuan
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
authors: Wenqiao
authors: W
authors: Zang
authors: Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1, Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
authors: Shijie
authors: S
authors: Zhang
authors: College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
authors: Guoqiang
authors: G
authors: Zhao
keywords: 5-fluorouracil; Chemosensitizer; Esophageal carcinoma; Myricetin