title: Soya Saponins Induce Enteritis in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.).
abstract: Soybean meal-induced enteritis (SBMIE) is a well-described condition in the distal intestine of salmonids, and saponins have been implicated as the causal agent. However, the question remains whether saponins alone cause SBMIE. Moreover, the dose-response relationship has not been described. In a 10 week feeding trial with Atlantic salmon, a highly purified (95%) soya saponin preparation was supplemented (0, 2, 4, 6, or 10 g/kg) to two basal diets, one containing fishmeal as the major protein source (FM) and the other 25% lupin meal (LP). Saponins caused dose-dependent increases in the severity of inflammation independent of the basal diet, with concomitant alterations in digestive functions and immunological marker expression. Thus, saponins induced inflammation whether the diet contained other legume components or not. However, responses were often the same or stronger in fish fed the corresponding saponin-supplemented LP diets despite lower saponin exposure, suggesting potentiation by other legume component(s).
authors: †Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
authors: Åshild
authors: Å
authors: Krogdahl
authors: †Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
authors: Karina
authors: K
authors: Gajardo
authors: †Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
authors: Trond M
authors: TM
authors: Kortner
authors: ‡U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Lamar, Pennsylvania 16848, United States.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Penn
authors: §Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China.
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Gu
authors: ∥Sunndalsøra Aquaculture Research Station, Nofima, N-6600 Sunndalsøra, Norway.
authors: Gerd Marit
authors: GM
authors: Berge
authors: †Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
authors: Anne Marie
authors: AM
authors: Bakke
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D004751:Enteritis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D020317:Salmo salar / Q000378:metabolism*; D012503:Saponins / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013025:Glycine max / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D012503:Saponins
keywords: fishmeal; inflammation; intestine; lupin meal; soybean