title: Nitric oxide-eluting scaffolds and their interaction with smooth muscle cells in vitro.
abstract: Fabrication of scaffolds loaded with nitric oxide (NO) donors (S-nitrosoglutathione, GSNO, and isosorbide mononitrate, ISMN) with suitable cell compatibility and optimized properties for tissue-engineering applications is reported using "in situ" technique. Based on FDA-approved polymer, solvent and dosage forms, this gentle process allowed the incorporation of the GSNO labile drug into scaffolds made of either poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) or PLGA/poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) blend. During scaffolds manufacturing process including washing cycles, NO donors were leached from scaffolds. However, GSNO and ISMN concentrations in the last washing medium (10(-7) M and 10(-4) M, respectively) were in the range of cell suitability for tissue engineering. Further morphological analyses indicated that smoother surfaces with fewer but bigger pores (compatible with cell penetration and ingrowth) were obtained with PLGA in comparison with PLGA/PCL scaffolds. Among all tested matrices, only unloaded PLGA and GSNO-loaded PLGA/PCL exhibited intermediate cell anchorage, with mitochondrial activity close to the control and an increase in protein content, a prognostic for scaffold cell colonization, defining them as promising candidates. Deeper analyses of these two scaffolds looking at intracellular redox balance through reactive oxygen species production, glutathione, S-nitrosothiols, and nitrite ions content exhibited GSNO-loaded PLGA/PCL as the best of all tested 3D scaffolds for tissue engineering.
authors: Faculté De Pharmacie, Université De Lorraine, CITHEFOR EA 3452, BP 80403, Nancy Cedex, F-54001, France.
authors: Marianne
authors: M
authors: Parent
authors: Faculté De Pharmacie, Université De Lorraine, CITHEFOR EA 3452, BP 80403, Nancy Cedex, F-54001, France.
authors: Ariane
authors: A
authors: Boudier
authors: Faculté De Pharmacie, Université De Lorraine, CITHEFOR EA 3452, BP 80403, Nancy Cedex, F-54001, France.
authors: Isabelle
authors: I
authors: Fries
authors: Faculté De Pharmacie, Université De Lorraine, CITHEFOR EA 3452, BP 80403, Nancy Cedex, F-54001, France.|Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland.
authors: Aleksandra
authors: A
authors: Gostyńska
authors: Faculté De Pharmacie, Université De Lorraine, CITHEFOR EA 3452, BP 80403, Nancy Cedex, F-54001, France.|Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland.
authors: Marek
authors: M
authors: Rychter
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland.
authors: Janina
authors: J
authors: Lulek
authors: Faculté De Pharmacie, Université De Lorraine, CITHEFOR EA 3452, BP 80403, Nancy Cedex, F-54001, France.
authors: Pierre
authors: P
authors: Leroy
authors: Faculté De Pharmacie, Université De Lorraine, CITHEFOR EA 3452, BP 80403, Nancy Cedex, F-54001, France.
authors: Caroline
authors: C
authors: Gaucher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004343:Drug Implants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D051381:Rats; D026422:S-Nitrosoglutathione / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004343:Drug Implants; D011091:Polyesters; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; C016240:polycaprolactone; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019344:Lactic Acid; D026422:S-Nitrosoglutathione
keywords: S-nitrosoglutathione; cytocompatibility; in situ forming technique; nitric oxide; scaffolds