title: Cesarean scar pregnancies: experience of 60 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the management, clinical courses, and outcomes of cesarean scar pregnancies diagnosed in the first trimester.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified 60 cases of cesarean scar pregnancies diagnosed between 5 and 14 weeks. Group A contained 48 patients with fetal/embryonic cardiac activity; group B comprised 12 patients without cardiac activity; and group C included 11 patients with cardiac activity who chose expectant management.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five of the 48 patients (10.4%) in group A were successfully treated for vaginal bleeding. Thirty-three (68.7%) received methotrexate injections, and all had full resolution. Three (6.3%) required uterine artery embolization for late-developing arteriovenous malformations. Ten of the 12 patients (83.3%) in group B were managed expectantly and had full recovery. Two of the 10 (20.0%) had arteriovenous malformations; 1 had unsuccessful uterine artery embolization followed by a hysterectomy, and the second requested a hysterectomy. Ten of the 11 patients (90.9%) in group C continued the pregnancies. One declined local injection. Four of the 10 (40.0%) delivered live offspring by successive elective cesarean deliveries. Three (30.0%) had hysterectomies for placenta percreta, and 1 did not have a hysterectomy after delivery. Five (50%) had second-trimester complications, all leading to hysterectomies. Of the 60 patients, 20 (33.3%) had serious complications: 5 had arteriovenous malformations; 4 had uterine artery embolization; and 11 had hysterectomies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A cesarean scar pregnancy is a serious complication for patients who have had cesarean deliveries. Counseling, treatment, and follow-up are challenging for patients and caregivers. However, emerging data from different management approaches confirm that a cesarean scar pregnancy may progress and result in a live neonate at the expense of further fertility. This study confirmed that expectant management of a cesarean scar pregnancy is associated with a high risk of hysterectomy due to morbidly adherent placenta.
authors: Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (I.E.T.-T., N.K., A.M., J.R., R.B.) and Radiology (S.K.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York USA. ilan.timor@nyumc.org.
authors: Ilan E
authors: IE
authors: Timor-Tritsch
authors: Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (I.E.T.-T., N.K., A.M., J.R., R.B.) and Radiology (S.K.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York USA.
authors: Nizar
authors: N
authors: Khatib
authors: Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (I.E.T.-T., N.K., A.M., J.R., R.B.) and Radiology (S.K.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York USA.
authors: Ana
authors: A
authors: Monteagudo
authors: Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (I.E.T.-T., N.K., A.M., J.R., R.B.) and Radiology (S.K.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York USA.
authors: Joanne
authors: J
authors: Ramos
authors: Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (I.E.T.-T., N.K., A.M., J.R., R.B.) and Radiology (S.K.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York USA.
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Berg
authors: Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (I.E.T.-T., N.K., A.M., J.R., R.B.) and Radiology (S.K.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York USA.
authors: Sándor
authors: S
authors: Kovács
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002585:Cesarean Section; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal
keywords: cesarean delivery; cesarean scar; cesarean scar pregnancy; obstetric ultrasound