title: The association between bone health indicated by calcaneal quantitative ultrasound and metabolic syndrome in Malaysian men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies on the relationship between bone health and metabolic syndrome (MS) have revealed heterogeneous results. There are limited studies employing bone quantitative ultrasonometry in evaluating this relationship. This study aimed to determine the relationship between MS and bone health in a group of Malaysian middle-aged and elderly men using bone quantitative ultrasonometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study recruited 309 free living Chinese and Malay men aged 40 years and above residing in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Their demographic and anthropometric data were collected. Their calcaneal speed of sound (SOS) was measured using a CM-200 bone ultrasonometer. Their blood was collected for the evaluation of lipid profile, total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin. The joint interim MS definition was used for the classification of subjects. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the association between SOS and indicators of MS and the presence of MS, with suitable adjustment for confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in SOS value between MS and non-MS subjects (p > 0.05). The SOS values among subjects with different MS scores did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). There were no significant associations between SOS values and indicators of MS or the presence of MS (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relationship between bone health and MS is not significant in Malaysian middle-aged and elderly men. A longitudinal study should be conducted to evaluate the association between bone loss and MS to confirm this finding.
authors: Pharmacology Department, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: Kok-Yong
authors: KY
authors: Chin
authors: Pharmacology Department, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: Soelaiman
authors: S
authors: Ima-Nirwana
authors: Pharmacology Department, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: Isa Naina
authors: IN
authors: Mohamed
authors: Anatomy Department, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: Fairus
authors: F
authors: Ahmad
authors: Anatomy Department, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: Elvy Suhana
authors: ES
authors: Mohd Ramli
authors: Physiology Department, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: Amilia
authors: A
authors: Aminuddin
authors: Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: Wan Zurinah
authors: WZ
authors: Wan Ngah
keywords: Bone; Calcaneal; Men; Metabolic syndrome; Quantitative ultrasound