title: 1,5-ANHYDROGLUCITOL AND NEONATAL COMPLICATIONS IN PREGNANCY COMPLICATED BY DIABETES.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the association of 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) with neonatal birth weight (NBW) and neonatal hypoglycemia (+NH) in pregnancies complicated by diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed a retrospective cohort of 102 females, 17 with gestational diabetes (GDM), 48 with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and 37 with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 1,5-AG and glycated hemoglobin A1C (A1C) values throughout pregnancy were extracted. Linear regression was used to assess their association with NBWs z-scores adjusting for maternal age, ethnicity and body mass index (BMI). +NH was defined by a note in the infant record, glucose <1.7 mmol/L in the first 24 h, or <2.5 mmol/L in the first 48 h after birth. A t test or Welch's approximate t test was used to compare the mean 1,5-AG and A1C of mothers with +NH versus those without (-NH), adjusted for gestational age and analyzed by diabetes type and across trimesters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean 1,5-AG significantly differed across groups: T1DM 3.77 ± 2.82 μg/mL, T2DM 5.73 ± 4.38 μg/mL, GDM 8.89 ± 4.39 μg/mL (P<.0001), suggesting less glucose exposure in GDM relative to T1DM or T2DM. A negative linear association was found between mean 1,5-AG and z-scores (R= -0.28, P = .005. In contrast, the association between mean A1C and z-scores was weaker (R = 0.15, P = .14). The mean 1,5-AG tended to be lower in the +NH cohort versus -NH (P = .08), and this was statistically significant (P = .01) among subjects with GDM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The association of 1,5-AG with complications related to glycemic exposure supports the notion of its utility as an adjunct glycemic biomarker in pregnancies complicated by diabetes and across trimesters.
authors: Lorena A
authors: LA
authors: Wright
authors: Irl B
authors: IB
authors: Hirsch
authors: Ted A
authors: TA
authors: Gooley
authors: Zane
authors: Z
authors: Brown
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000097:blood*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C006584:1,5-anhydroglucitol; D003847:Deoxyglucose