title: Assessment of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry based methods for investigating 206 dioxin-like micropollutants in animal-derived food matrices.
abstract: This paper evaluates different multiresidue methods based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOF/MS) to analyze dioxin-related micropollutants in complex food matrices. In a first step, the column sets Rtx-PCB/BPX-50 and Rtx-Dioxin2/BPX-50 were compared in terms of peak shape (width and symmetry) and resolution for the separation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in solvent. A satisfactory separation of 206 dioxin-related micropollutants including the 17 toxic PCDD/Fs was achieved in 75 min with the column set Rtx-Dioxin2/BPX-50. In a second time, the GC×GC-TOF/MS method was spread to the analysis of dioxin-related micropollutants in complex food matrices. An extraction procedure including accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), centrifugal evaporation and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) was optimized. Starting with meat as a model matrix, a micropollutant spiking method was then set up by comparing seven methods in terms of recoveries and reproducibility. The method combining immersion of the meat in a large volume of solvent containing micropollutants followed by homogenization by blender induced recoveries in the acceptable range of 70-130% and satisfactory standard deviations (≤10%) for most of the compounds studied. Limits of detection of the GC×GC-TOF/MS method ranged between 50 and 100 pg/g of spiked fresh meat for PCBs and between 65 and 227 pg/g for PCDD/Fs. Potential applications of this method are discussed.
authors: INRA, UR370 QuaPA, MASS group, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France; INRA, UMR 1331 Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, F-31027 Toulouse, France; Universitè de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, UMR 1331, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
authors: Christelle
authors: C
authors: Planche
authors: INRA, UR370 QuaPA, MASS group, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
authors: Jérémy
authors: J
authors: Ratel
authors: INRA, UR370 QuaPA, MASS group, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
authors: Frédéric
authors: F
authors: Mercier
authors: INRA, UR370 QuaPA, MASS group, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: Blinet
authors: INRA, UMR 1331 Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, F-31027 Toulouse, France; Universitè de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, UMR 1331, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
authors: Laurent
authors: L
authors: Debrauwer
authors: INRA, UR370 QuaPA, MASS group, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France. Electronic address: erwan.engel@clermont.inra.fr.
authors: Erwan
authors: E
authors: Engel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis*; D002417:Cattle; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D005504:Food Analysis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis*; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls
keywords: Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOF/MS); Food spiking; Multiresidue method; Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs)