title: Study of cardiovascular disease biomarkers among tobacco consumers, part 2: biomarkers of biological effect.
abstract: An age-stratified, cross-sectional study was conducted in the US among healthy adult male cigarette smokers, moist snuff consumers, and non-tobacco consumers to evaluate cardiovascular biomarkers of biological effect (BoBE). Physiological assessments included flow-mediated dilation, ankle-brachial index, carotid intima-media thickness and expired carbon monoxide. Approximately one-half of the measured serum BoBE showed statistically significant differences; IL-12(p70), sICAM-1 and IL-8 were the BoBE that best differentiated among the three groups. A significant difference in ABI was observed between the cigarette smokers and non-tobacco consumer groups. Significant group and age effect differences in select biomarkers were identified.
authors: R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company , Winston-Salem, NC 27102 , USA and.
authors: Brian K
authors: BK
authors: Nordskog
authors: Buddy G
authors: BG
authors: Brown
authors: Kristin M
authors: KM
authors: Marano
authors: Leanne R
authors: LR
authors: Campell
authors: Bobbette A
authors: BA
authors: Jones
authors: Michael F
authors: MF
authors: Borgerding
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D002248:Carbon Monoxide
keywords: BoBE; CVD; Cigarette; moist snuff; tobacco