title: Levels of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury in the branchial plate and muscle tissue of mobulid rays.
abstract: Mobulid rays are targeted in fisheries for their branchial plates, for use in Chinese medicine. Branchial plate and muscle tissue from Mobula japanica were collected from fish markets in Sri Lanka, and muscle tissue biopsies from Manta alfredi in Australia. These were analysed for arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury and compared to maximum levels (MLs) set by Food Standards Australia and New Zealand (FSANZ), European Commission (EC) and Codex Alimentarius Commission. The estimated intake for a vulnerable human age group was compared to minimal risk levels set by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. The mean inorganic arsenic concentration in M. japanica muscle was equivalent to the FSANZ ML while cadmium exceeded the EC ML. The mean concentration of lead in M. alfredi muscle tissue exceeded EC and Codex MLs. There were significant positive linear correlations between branchial plate and muscle tissue concentrations for arsenic, cadmium and lead.
authors: School of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia. Electronic address: michelle.ooi@uqconnect.edu.au.
authors: Michelle S M
authors: MS
authors: Ooi
authors: Moreton Bay Research Station, The University of Queensland, Dunwich, QLD 4183, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
authors: Kathy A
authors: KA
authors: Townsend
authors: School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
authors: Michael B
authors: MB
authors: Bennett
authors: Centre for Applications in Natural Resource Mathematics (CARM), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; CSIRO Wealth from Oceans Flagship, Division of Marine and Atmospheric Research, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia.
authors: Anthony J
authors: AJ
authors: Richardson
authors: Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, SE 39182 Kalmar, Sweden; The Manta Trust, Dorchester, United Kingdom.
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Fernando
authors: The National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, The University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
authors: Cesar A
authors: CA
authors: Villa
authors: The National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, The University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
authors: Caroline
authors: C
authors: Gaus
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D001315:Australia; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005398:Fisheries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000378:metabolism*; D008628:Mercury / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012860:Skates, Fish / Q000378:metabolism*; D013188:Sri Lanka; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D008628:Mercury; D001151:Arsenic
keywords: As; Cd; Hg; Manta alfredi; Mobula japanica; Pb