title: P-selectin Plasma Levels and Genetic Variant Associated With Diabetic Retinopathy in African Americans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the prevalence and risk factors for retinopathy in African Americans with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and type 2 diabetes in the Jackson Heart Study and to determine if P-selectin plasma levels are independently associated with retinopathy in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, cross-sectional observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  setting: Community-based epidemiologic study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total of 629 patients with type 2 diabetes and 266 participants with impaired fasting glucose.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bilateral, 7-field fundus photographs were scored by masked readers for diabetic retinopathy (DR) level. Covariate data including P-selectin plasma levels and genotypes were collected in a standardized fashion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Association between risk factors, including P-selectin plasma levels and genotypes, and retinopathy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalences of any retinopathy among participants with IFG and type 2 diabetes were 9.4% and 32.4%, respectively. Among those with type 2 diabetes, in multivariate models adjusted for age, sex, and other traditional risk factors, higher P-selectin levels were associated with any DR (odds ratio = 1.11, 95% confidence interval = 1.02-1.21, P = .02) and proliferative DR (odds ratio = 1.23, 95% confidence interval = 1.03-1.46, P = .02). To further investigate the relationship between P-selectin and DR, we examined the association between P-selectin genotype and DR. Minor allele homozygotes for the variant rs6128 were less likely to develop DR (P after Bonferroni correction = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both serologic and genetic data show an association between P-selectin and DR in the Jackson Heart Study. If confirmed in other studies, this association may provide insight into the pathogenesis of retinopathy.
authors: Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.
authors: Alan
authors: A
authors: Penman
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.
authors: Suzanne
authors: S
authors: Hoadley
authors: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi, Jackson, Mississippi.
authors: James G
authors: JG
authors: Wilson
authors: Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.
authors: Herman A
authors: HA
authors: Taylor
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.
authors: Ching J
authors: CJ
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Electronic address: lucia_sobrin@meei.harvard.edu.
authors: Lucia
authors: L
authors: Sobrin
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000208:ethnology*; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D019007:P-Selectin; C546937:SELP protein, human; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human