title: Uric acid levels in patients with schizophrenia on clozapine monotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We tested the hypothesis that uric acid levels are higher in subjects with schizophrenia treated with clozapine than in healthy control and they correlate with anthropometric measurements, laboratory tests and results of bioimpedance analysis of body composition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data for 24 subjects with schizophrenia treated with clozapine and 24 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference of fasting uric acid concentrations between clozapine and control groups (4.5 ± 1.4 vs. 4.3 ± 1.3 mg/dl, P = 0.87). Regarding the whole group, uric acid levels were significantly higher in men (5.2 ± 1.2 vs. 3.6 ± 0.9, P < 0.001). Uric acid levels correlated with weight (R = 0.58, P = 0.003), body mass index (BMI; R = 0.49, P = 0.01), abdominal circumference (R = 0.45, P = 0.03), waist circumference (R = 0.47, P = 0.02), waist-to-hip ratio (R = 0.42, P = 0.04), insulin (R = 0.50, P = 0.01), homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance 2 (HOMA2-IR; R = 0.49, P = 0.01), basal metabolic rate (R = 0.56, P = 0.004), lean body mass (R = 0.55, P = 0.005) and body water (R = 0.55, P = 0.005). There were no significant differences of uric acid levels for smoking status, impaired fasting glucose, abdominal obesity, obesity/overweight and dyslipidemia. Uric acid levels did not correlate with age, duration of clozapine treatment, clozapine dose, leg circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total body fat, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), homocysteine, corrected calcium, glucose and homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance 1 (HOMA1-IR).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We did not find significant differences in blood uric acid levels between subjects with schizophrenia and controls. Association with weight, BMI, abdominal and waist circumferences, insulin levels and insulin resistance may support uric acid role as an important cardiovascular risk factor. Association with lean weight may explain why men have higher levels of uric acid than women.
authors: Adam Wysokiński, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz , Czechosłowacka 8/10, 92-216 Łód , Poland.
authors: Adam
authors: A
authors: Wysokiński
authors: Iwona
authors: I
authors: Kłoszewska
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003024:Clozapine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012737:Sex Factors; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D014527:Uric Acid; D003024:Clozapine
keywords: Clozapine; Metabolic syndrome; Schizophrenia; Uric acid