title: Iron oxide-based multifunctional nanoparticulate systems for biomedical applications: a patent review (2008 - present).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Iron oxide nanoparticles (IO NPs) exhibit remarkable properties, including inherent magnetism, biocompatibility, high surface to volume ratio, and versatility of engineering, making them ideal candidates for a variety of clinical applications.
  
  
  METHODS
  The review provides an in-depth discussion on recent patents and developments related to IO NPs in Biomedicine from the last 7 years. It covers innovations in the chemical synthesis, surface coating and functionalization, and biomedical applications, including MRI and multimodal imaging, molecular imaging, cell labeling, drug delivery, hyperthermia, hyperphosphatemia, and antibacterial activity. A brief outline of the important properties of IO NPs is also presented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The main focus of current research is the development of new approaches to generate high-quality IO NPs with optimal properties in terms of particle geometry, crystal structure, surface functionalities, stability, and magnetization. Among chemical synthesis methods, thermal decomposition and hydrothermal synthetics processes allow fine control of the particle properties. Plenty of coating materials have been successfully used as shells for these NPs to provide colloidal stability, even enabling the formulation of nanotheranostics for simultaneous disease diagnosis and therapy. However, long-term toxicity and pharmacokinetic studies are necessary before magnetic nanosystems can be approved for clinical use.
authors: University of Granada, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada , Spain +34 958 24 39 02 ; +34 958 24 89 58 ; jlarias@ugr.es.
authors: Mazen M
authors: MM
authors: El-Hammadi
authors: José L
authors: JL
authors: Arias
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D003460:Crystallization; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D015195:Drug Design; D004355:Drug Stability; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D010330:Patents as Topic
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; C000499:ferric oxide
keywords: MRI; drug delivery; hyperthermia; iron oxide nanoparticles; magnetic properties; multifunctional nanoparticles; multimodal imaging; surface coating; theranosis