title: Amelioration of Atherosclerosis by the New Medicinal Mushroom Grifola gargal Singer.
abstract: The beneficial effects of edible mushrooms for improving chronic intractable diseases have been documented. However, the antiatherogenic activity of the new medicinal mushroom Grifola gargal is unknown. Therefore, we evaluated whether Grifola gargal can prevent or delay the progression of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis was induced in ApoE lipoprotein-deficient mice by subcutaneous infusion of angiotensin II. Grifola gargal extract (GGE) was prepared and intraperitoneally injected. The weight of heart and vessels, dilatation/atheroma formation of thoracic and abdominal aorta, the percentage of peripheral granulocytes, and the blood concentration of MCP-1/CCL2 were significantly reduced in mice treated with GGE compared to untreated mice. By contrast, the percentage of regulatory T cells and the plasma concentration of SDF-1/CXCL12 were significantly increased in mice treated with the mushroom extract compared to untreated mice. In vitro, GGE significantly increased the secretion of SDF-1/CXCL12, VEGF, and TGF-β1 from fibroblasts compared to control. This study demonstrated for the first time that Grifola gargal therapy can enhance regulatory T cells and ameliorate atherosclerosis in mice.
authors: 1 Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine , Tsu, Japan .|2 Iwade Research Institute of Mycology , Tsu, Japan .
authors: Etsuko
authors: E
authors: Harada
authors: 1 Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine , Tsu, Japan .
authors: Corina N
authors: CN
authors: D'Alessandro-Gabazza
authors: 1 Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine , Tsu, Japan .
authors: Masaaki
authors: M
authors: Toda
authors: 2 Iwade Research Institute of Mycology , Tsu, Japan .
authors: Toshihiro
authors: T
authors: Morizono
authors: 1 Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine , Tsu, Japan .
authors: Ayshwarya-Lakshmi
authors: AL
authors: Chelakkot-Govindalayathil
authors: 1 Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine , Tsu, Japan .
authors: Ziaurahman
authors: Z
authors: Roeen
authors: 3 Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine , Tsu, Japan .
authors: Masahito
authors: M
authors: Urawa
authors: 4 Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine , Tsu, Japan .
authors: Taro
authors: T
authors: Yasuma
authors: 4 Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine , Tsu, Japan .
authors: Yutaka
authors: Y
authors: Yano
authors: 2 Iwade Research Institute of Mycology , Tsu, Japan .
authors: Toshimitsu
authors: T
authors: Sumiya
authors: 1 Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine , Tsu, Japan .
authors: Esteban C
authors: EC
authors: Gabazza
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales / Q000737:chemistry*; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000172:deficiency; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001688:Biological Products / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12 / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D048691:Grifola / Q000737:chemistry*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D051379:Mice; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000378:metabolism; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D001688:Biological Products; C491768:Ccl2 protein, mouse; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; C515256:Cxcl12 protein, mouse; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000804:Angiotensin II
keywords: atheroma; chemokines; cytokines; mushrooms; progenitor cells; regulatory T cells; remodeling; vasculitis