title: Electronic cigarettes in adults in outpatient substance use treatment: Awareness, perceptions, use, and reasons for use.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Most studies on e-cigarettes have come from population-based surveys. The current research aimed to provide initial data on e-cigarette awareness, perceptions, use, and reasons for use among adults seeking substance use treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey was conducted among 198 participants ≥18 years old in a community-based outpatient substance use treatment program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 198 participants, 69% currently smoked cigarettes, 92% were aware of e-cigarettes, and 58% had ever used e-cigarettes. The proportion of the number of participants who had ever used e-cigarettes to the number who currently smoked (89.7%) appeared higher than the corresponding proportion in the 2012-13 National Adult Tobacco Survey (78.3%). Almost half of the sample who reported ever using e-cigarettes endorsed quitting or reducing smoking as a reason for use, and 32% endorsed reasons for use relating to curiosity/experimentation. A greater likelihood of e-cigarette ever-use was significantly associated with younger age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.94, 95%confidence interval [CI] = 0.90, 0.98) and perceptions related to using e-cigarettes in public places where smoking cigarettes is not allowed (AOR = 2.96, 95%CI = 1.18, 7.42) but was not associated with primary drug of choice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  E-cigarette use in adults seeking substance use treatment appears higher than it is in the US general population of smokers. The high frequency of use may be due to curiosity/experimentation or attempts to quit or reduce smoking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future research may consider how e-cigarettes interact with other substance use and affect high rates of nicotine and tobacco use in this population.
authors: Battelle Memorial Institute, Health and Analytics, Baltimore, MD.|Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors: Erica N
authors: EN
authors: Peters
authors: Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida.
authors: Paul T
authors: PT
authors: Harrell
authors: Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
authors: Peter S
authors: PS
authors: Hendricks
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.
authors: Kevin E
authors: KE
authors: O'Grady
authors: Battelle Memorial Institute, Health and Analytics, Baltimore, MD.
authors: Wallace B
authors: WB
authors: Pickworth
authors: Friends Research Institute, Baltimore, MD.
authors: Frank J
authors: FJ
authors: Vocci
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001364:Awareness; D003469:Culture; D066300:Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D014481:United States; D014600:Utilization Review