title: Oral fluid with three modes of collection and plasma methamphetamine and amphetamine enantiomer concentrations after controlled intranasal l-methamphetamine administration.
abstract: Methamphetamine is included in drug testing programmes due to its high abuse potential. d-Methamphetamine is a scheduled potent central nervous system stimulant, while l-methamphetamine is the unscheduled active ingredient in the over-the-counter nasal decongestant Vicks® VapoInhaler™. No data are available in oral fluid (OF) and few in plasma after controlled Vicks® VapoInhaler™ administration. We quantified methamphetamine and amphetamine enantiomers in OF collected with two different devices and plasma via a fully validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. Additionally, OF were analyzed with an on-site screening device. Sixteen participants received 7 Vicks® VapoInhaler™ doses according to manufacturer's recommendations. Specimens were collected before and up to 32 h after the first dose. No d-methamphetamine or d-amphetamine was detected in any sample. All participants had measurable OF l-methamphetamine with median maximum concentrations 14.8 and 16.1 μg/L in Quantisal™ and Oral-Eze® devices, respectively, after a median of 5 doses. One participant had measurable OF l-amphetamine with maximum concentrations 3.7 and 5.5 μg/L after 6 doses with the Quantisal™ and Oral-Eze® devices, respectively. There were no positive DrugTest® 5000 results. In the cutoff range 20-50 μg/L methamphetamine with amphetamine ≥limit of detection, 3.1-10.1% of specimens were positive; first positive results were observed after 1-4 doses. Two participants had detectable plasma l-methamphetamine, with maximum observed concentrations 6.3 and 10.0 μg/L after 2 and 5 doses, respectively. Positive OF and plasma methamphetamine results are possible after Vicks® VapoInhaler™ administration. Chiral confirmatory analyses are necessary to rule out VapoInhaler™ intake. Implementing a selective d-methamphetamine screening assay can help eliminate false-positive OF results.
authors: Chemistry and Drug Metabolism Section, IRP, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.|Program in Toxicology, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Matthew N
authors: MN
authors: Newmeyer
authors: Chemistry and Drug Metabolism Section, IRP, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.|Currently at Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
authors: Marta
authors: M
authors: Concheiro
authors: Chemistry and Drug Metabolism Section, IRP, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.|Currently at Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry Laboratory, Criminalistics Institute of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Jose Luiz
authors: JL
authors: da Costa
authors: Division of Workplace Programs, Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA.
authors: Ronald
authors: R
authors: Flegel
authors: Chemistry and Drug Metabolism Section, IRP, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.|Currently at Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: David A
authors: DA
authors: Gorelick
authors: Chemistry and Drug Metabolism Section, IRP, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Marilyn A
authors: MA
authors: Huestis
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000328:Adult; D000661:Amphetamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000295:instrumentation; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D008694:Methamphetamine; D000661:Amphetamine
keywords: Vicks® VapoInhaler™; chiral analysis; methamphetamine; oral fluid; plasma