title: Emergence of Escherichia coli producing OXA-48 β-lactamase in the community in Switzerland.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The emergence and worldwide spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae is of great concern to public health services. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the community in Switzerland.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One thousand and eighty-six stool samples of healthy humans (staff members of a food-processing company which were screened for the occurrence of salmonellae) were collected in September 2014. After an initial enrichment-step, carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from the carbapenem-containing selective medium SUPERCARBA II. Grown colonies from 11 samples were screened by PCR for the presence of bla KPC, bla NDM, bla OXA-48 and bla VIM. A single OXA-48-producing Escherichia coli was detected. Phylogenetic grouping and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) revealed that this strain belonged to D:ST38, a type which had been previously reported in the UK, France, Lebanon and Egypt.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study show that OXA-48-producing Enterobacteriaceae have started to spread into the community in Switzerland, and a continuous monitoring is necessary to better understand their dissemination in the human population as well as in animals and the environment.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zurfluh
authors.affiliation: Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Magdalena T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Nüesch-Inderbinen
authors.affiliation: Medical and Molecular Microbiology Unit "Emerging Antibiotic Resistance", Dept of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Poirel
authors.affiliation: Medical and Molecular Microbiology Unit "Emerging Antibiotic Resistance", Dept of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nordmann
authors.affiliation: Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hächler
authors.affiliation: Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stephan
keywords: Carbapenemase; Community; Dissemination; Enterobacteriaceae; OXA-48
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