title: Music Therapy is Associated With Family Perception of More Spiritual Support and Decreased Breathing Problems in Cancer Patients Receiving Hospice Care.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Music therapy is a common discretionary service offered within hospice; however, there are critical gaps in understanding the effects of music therapy on hospice quality indicators, such as family satisfaction with care.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine whether music therapy affected family perception of patients' symptoms and family satisfaction with hospice care.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of electronic medical records from 10,534 cancer patients cared for between 2006 and 2010 by a large national hospice. Logistic regression was used to estimate the effect of music therapy using propensity scores to adjust for non-random assignment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, those receiving music therapy had higher odds of being female, having longer lengths of stay, and receiving more services other than music therapy, and lower odds of being married/partnered or receiving home care. Family satisfaction data were available for 1495 (14%) and were more likely available if the patient received music therapy (16% vs. 12%, P < 0.01). There were no differences in patient pain, anxiety, or overall satisfaction with care between those receiving music therapy vs. those not. Patients who received music therapy were more likely to report discussions about spirituality (odds ratio [OR] = 1.59, P = 0.01), had marginally less trouble breathing (OR = 0.77, P = 0.06), and were marginally more likely to receive the right amount of spiritual support (OR = 1.59, P = 0.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Music therapy was associated with perceptions of meaningful spiritual support and less trouble breathing. The results provide preliminary data for a prospective trial to optimize music therapy interventions for integration into clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering and Technology at IUPUI, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. Electronic address: desburns@iupui.edu.
authors.forename: Debra S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.affiliation: Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.affiliation: Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: Seasons Hospice & Palliative Care, Des Plaines Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Russell E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hilliard
authors.affiliation: Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
authors.forename: Larry D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Cripe
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D057286:Electronic Health Records; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D017051:Hospice Care / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009147:Music Therapy; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D010465:Perception; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D029181:Spirituality; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Music therapy; family satisfaction; hospice care; propensity score analysis