title: The Drosophila melanogaster Mutants apblot and apXasta Affect an Essential apterous Wing Enhancer.
abstract: The selector gene apterous (ap) plays a key role during the development of the Drosophila melanogaster wing because it governs the establishment of the dorsal-ventral (D-V) compartment boundary. The D-V compartment boundary is known to serve as an important signaling center that is essential for the growth of the wing. The role of Ap and its downstream effectors have been studied extensively. However, very little is known about the transcriptional regulation of ap during wing disc development. In this study, we present a first characterization of an essential wing-specific ap enhancer. First, we defined an 874-bp fragment about 10 kb upstream of the ap transcription start that faithfully recapitulates the expression pattern of ap in the wing imaginal disc. Analysis of deletions in the ap locus covering this element demonstrated that it is essential for proper regulation of ap and formation of the wing. Moreover, we showed that the mutations ap(blot) and ap(Xasta) directly affect the integrity of this enhancer, leading to characteristic wing phenotypes. Furthermore, we engineered an in situ rescue system at the endogenous ap gene locus, allowing us to investigate the role of enhancer fragments in their native environment. Using this system, we were able to demonstrate that the essential wing enhancer alone is not sufficient for normal wing development. The in situ rescue system will allow us to characterize the ap regulatory sequences in great detail at the endogenous locus.
authors.affiliation: Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Dimitri
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bieli
authors.affiliation: Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Oguz
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kanca
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, New Jersey 08540.
authors.forename: Daryl
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gohl
authors.affiliation: Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Alexandru
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Denes
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, New Jersey 08540.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schedl
authors.affiliation: Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Affolter
authors.affiliation: Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland m.mueller@unibas.ch.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics*; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D056426:Genetic Loci; D019426:Integrases / Q000378:metabolism; D060850:LIM-Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D019683:Penetrance; D010641:Phenotype; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D013696:Temperature; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D014921:Wings, Animal / Q000378:metabolism*; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D060850:LIM-Homeodomain Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C074459:ap protein, Drosophila; D019426:Integrases; D001616:beta-Galactosidase
keywords: Drosophila; apterous; boundary; compartment
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