title: Characterizing the surface-exposed proteome of Planococcus halocryophilus during cryophilic growth.
abstract: Planococcus halocryophilus OR1 is a bacterial isolate capable of growth at temperatures ranging from -15 to +37 °C. During sub-zero (cryophilic) growth, nodular features appear on its cell surface; however, the biochemical compositions of these features as well as any cold-adaptive benefits they may offer are not understood. This study aimed to identify differences in the cell surface proteome (surfaceome) of P. halocryophilus cells grown under optimal (24 °C, no added salt), low- and mid-salt (5 and 12 % NaCl, respectively) at 24 °C, and low- and mid-salt sub-zero (5 % NaCl at -5 °C and 12 % NaCl at -10 °C) culture conditions, for the purpose of gaining insight into cold-adapted proteomic traits at the cell surface. Mid-log cells were harvested, treated briefly with trypsin and the resultant peptides were purified followed by identification by LC-MS/MS analysis. One hundred and forty-four proteins were subsequently identified in at least one culture condition. Statistically significant differences in amino acid usage, a known indicator of cold adaptation, were identified through in silico analysis. Two proteins with roles in peptidoglycan (PG) metabolism, an N-acetyl-L-alanine amidase and a multimodular transpeptidase-transglycosylase, were detected, though each was only detected under optimal conditions, indicating that high-salt and high-cold stress each affect PG metabolism. Two iron transport-binding proteins, associated with two different iron transport strategies, were identified, indicating that P. halocryophilus uses a different iron acquisition strategy at very low temperatures. Here we present the first set of data that describes bacterial adaptations at the cellular surface that occur as a cryophilic bacterium is transitioned from optimal to near-inhibitory sub-zero culture conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Rd. Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Montreal, QC, H9X3V9, Canada, jen.ronholm@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ronholm
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Raymond-Bouchard
authors.forename: Marybeth
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Creskey
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cyr
authors.forename: Edward A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Cloutis
authors.forename: Lyle G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Whyte
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D003080:Cold Temperature; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D058642:Planococcus Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D020543:Proteome / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D020543:Proteome
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