title: Detection and Pathologic Evaluation of Sentinel Lymph Nodes in the VX2 Tumor Model Using a Novel Ultrasound/Near-Infrared Dual-Modality Contrast Agent.
abstract: This study was conducted with the aim of developing a microbubble agent for near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence and ultrasound dual-modality contrast microbubbles applicable to imaging of sentinel lymph nodes in the VX2 rabbit tumor model. Specific ligands of phosphatidylserine (PS) and Cy7 NIR fluorescent dyes with long emission wavelengths (750-900 nm) were conjugated to the surface of ultrasound contrast microbubbles (MBs), termed Cy7 PS MBs. Ultrasound lymphography and NIR fluorescence imaging were performed using subcutaneous injection of Cy7 PS MBs to visualize the sentinel lymph node. Sentinel lymph node detection rates using the patent blue method, ultrasound lymphography and NIR fluorescence imaging were 95%, 79% and 95%, respectively, and sensitivity was 87%, 74% and 92%, respectively. With 2-D ultrasound, the diagnostic sensitivity for detection of sentinel lymph node metastases was 60% and the specificity was 74%, whereas Cy7 PS MB-enhanced ultrasound had a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 87%. The results indicate that dual-modality Cy7 PS MBs combined with ultrasound lymphography and NIR fluorescence may be useful in the detection of normal and metastasized sentinel lymph nodes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Enze
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Peking University Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhifei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Peking University Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaolong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yajun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shumin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Peking University Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hengte
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China. Electronic address: jinrui_wang@sina.com.
authors.forename: Jinrui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002232:Carbocyanines; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003287:Contrast Media; D007259:Infrared Rays; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D045423:Microbubbles; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010718:Phosphatidylserines; D011817:Rabbits; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002232:Carbocyanines; D003287:Contrast Media; D010718:Phosphatidylserines; C501744:indotricarbocyanine
keywords: Contrast microbubbles; Fluorescence imaging; Sentinel lymph node; Ultrasound