title: Chromatin modifiers and histone modifications in bone formation, regeneration, and therapeutic intervention for bone-related disease.
abstract: Post-translational modifications of chromatin such as DNA methylation and different types of histone acetylation, methylation and phosphorylation are well-appreciated epigenetic mechanisms that confer information to progeny cells during lineage commitment. These distinct epigenetic modifications have defined roles in bone, development, tissue regeneration, cell commitment and differentiation, as well as disease etiologies. In this review, we discuss the role of these chromatin modifications and the enzymes regulating these marks (methyltransferases, demethylases, acetyltransferases, and deacetylases) in progenitor cells, osteoblasts and bone-related cells. In addition, the clinical relevance of deregulated histone modifications and enzymes as well as current and potential therapeutic interventions targeting chromatin modifiers are addressed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA. Electronic address: Jonathan.A.Gordon@uvm.edu.
authors.forename: Jonathan A R
authors.initials: JAR
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA. Electronic address: Janet.Stein@uvm.edu.
authors.forename: Janet L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. Electronic address: Westendorf.Jennifer@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Jennifer J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Westendorf
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. Electronic address: vanwijnen.andre@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Andre J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: van Wijnen
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000818:Animals; D001846:Bone Development / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D042421:Histone Code / Q000235:genetics*; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors
keywords: Acetylation; Chromatin; Chromatin-modifiers; Epigenetics; Methylation; Osteogenic lineage cells
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