title: Transient receptor potential channels in the vasculature.
abstract: The mammalian genome encodes 28 distinct members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily of cation channels, which exhibit varying degrees of selectivity for different ionic species. Multiple TRP channels are present in all cells and are involved in diverse aspects of cellular function, including sensory perception and signal transduction. Notably, TRP channels are involved in regulating vascular function and pathophysiology, the focus of this review. TRP channels in vascular smooth muscle cells participate in regulating contractility and proliferation, whereas endothelial TRP channel activity is an important contributor to endothelium-dependent vasodilation, vascular wall permeability, and angiogenesis. TRP channels are also present in perivascular sensory neurons and astrocytic endfeet proximal to cerebral arterioles, where they participate in the regulation of vascular tone. Almost all of these functions are mediated by changes in global intracellular Ca(2+) levels or subcellular Ca(2+) signaling events. In addition to directly mediating Ca(2+) entry, TRP channels influence intracellular Ca(2+) dynamics through membrane depolarization associated with the influx of cations or through receptor- or store-operated mechanisms. Dysregulation of TRP channels is associated with vascular-related pathologies, including hypertension, neointimal injury, ischemia-reperfusion injury, pulmonary edema, and neurogenic inflammation. In this review, we briefly consider general aspects of TRP channel biology and provide an in-depth discussion of the functions of TRP channels in vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and perivascular cells under normal and pathophysiological conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Earley
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont.
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Brayden
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D050051:Transient Receptor Potential Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014661:Vasoconstriction; D014664:Vasodilation
chemical_list: D050051:Transient Receptor Potential Channels; D002118:Calcium
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2011 Mar 30;31(13):5067-77
references.pmid: 21451044
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1994 Nov;267(5 Pt 1):C1501-5
references.pmid: 7977711
references.citation: Circ Res. 1996 Mar;78(3):415-23
references.pmid: 8593700
references.citation: Physiol Rev. 1995 Jul;75(3):519-60
references.pmid: 7624393
references.citation: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2001 Jun;2(6):387-96
references.pmid: 11389472
references.citation: J Physiol. 2000 Sep 1;527 Pt 2:239-48
references.pmid: 10970426
references.citation: J Physiol. 2008 Jul 1;586(13):3087-95
references.pmid: 18467363
references.citation: Eur J Pharmacol. 2002 Apr 26;441(3):173-5
references.pmid: 12063089
references.citation: Mol Cell. 2002 Jan;9(1):163-73
references.pmid: 11804595
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e43186
references.pmid: 22916222
references.citation: Mol Pharmacol. 2012 Apr;81(4):510-26
references.pmid: 22210847
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009 Nov 20;389(3):490-4
references.pmid: 19737537
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Feb 28;92(5):1307-11
references.pmid: 7533291
references.citation: FASEB J. 2007 Dec;21(14):4101-11
references.pmid: 17666455
references.citation: J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Sep;302(3):839-45
references.pmid: 12183638
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2010 Feb 5;285(6):4213-23
references.pmid: 19996314
references.citation: J Physiol. 1999 Jul 15;518 Pt 2:345-58
references.pmid: 10381584
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2006 Nov;9(11):1397-1403
references.pmid: 17013381
references.citation: Cell. 2002 May 3;109(3):397-407
references.pmid: 12015988
references.citation: Circ Res. 2005 Oct 28;97(9):908-15
references.pmid: 16179585
references.citation: J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2013 Jun;59:11-9
references.pmid: 23416167
references.citation: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2006 Dec;291(6):H2653-9
references.pmid: 16861696
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2011 Oct;31(10):2278-86
references.pmid: 21799177
references.citation: Eur J Pharmacol. 2009 Apr 1;607(1-3):143-50
references.pmid: 19326479
references.citation: Circ Res. 2005 Feb 4;96(2):207-15
references.pmid: 15591230
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 May 27;105(21):7451-5
references.pmid: 18490661
references.citation: J Physiol. 1997 Mar 1;499 ( Pt 2):417-28
references.pmid: 9080371
references.citation: Mol Pharmacol. 2012 Sep;82(3):464-72
references.pmid: 22689561
references.citation: J Hypertens. 2006 Dec;24(12):2399-408
references.pmid: 17082722
references.citation: Cell. 1996 May 31;85(5):661-71
references.pmid: 8646775
references.citation: FEBS Lett. 1998 Oct 16;437(1-2):101-6
references.pmid: 9804180
references.citation: FASEB J. 2009 Aug;23(8):2425-37
references.pmid: 19364762
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2005 Nov 25;280(47):39185-92
references.pmid: 16186107
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2010 Oct 22;285(43):33082-91
references.pmid: 20705603
references.citation: Immunol Rev. 2009 Sep;231(1):174-88
references.pmid: 19754897
references.citation: Cell Calcium. 2009 Jun;45(6):574-82
references.pmid: 19324408
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2013 Jun 12;33(24):10143-53
references.pmid: 23761909
references.citation: J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2011 Feb;57(2):133-9
references.pmid: 20881603
references.citation: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2006 Jan;290(1):R73-8
references.pmid: 16109804
references.citation: Cardiovasc Res. 2012 Sep 1;95(4):439-47
references.pmid: 22721989
references.citation: J Physiol. 1999 Feb 1;514 ( Pt 3):843-56
references.pmid: 9882755
references.citation: Stroke. 2007 Aug;38(8):2322-8
references.pmid: 17585083
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Sep 21;101(38):13861-6
references.pmid: 15358862
references.citation: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013 Dec 15;188(12):1451-9
references.pmid: 24251695
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2003 Aug 29;278(35):33492-500
references.pmid: 12766172
references.citation: J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006 May;317(2):488-99
references.pmid: 16415091
references.citation: Circ Res. 2006 Mar 3;98(4):557-63
references.pmid: 16439693
references.citation: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2012 Jul 15;303(2):H216-23
references.pmid: 22610171
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006 Jul;26(7):1495-502
references.pmid: 16675722
references.citation: Circ Res. 1987 Mar;60(3):309-26
references.pmid: 2438066
references.citation: Circ Res. 2008 Oct 10;103(8):e97-104
references.pmid: 18802022
references.citation: J Physiol. 2013 Jul 1;591(13):3109-21
references.pmid: 23613529
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2008 Dec 5;283(49):33942-54
references.pmid: 18818211
references.citation: FEBS Lett. 2000 Nov 24;485(2-3):127-34
references.pmid: 11094154
references.citation: FASEB J. 2014 Jan;28(1):244-55
references.pmid: 24022404
references.citation: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2004 Dec;287(6):L1303-13
references.pmid: 15347566
references.citation: Cell Metab. 2010 Aug 4;12(2):130-41
references.pmid: 20674858
references.citation: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2012 Mar 15;302(6):L555-68
references.pmid: 22207590
references.citation: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2013 Mar 1;304(5):C467-77
references.pmid: 23302778
references.citation: J Physiol. 2008 Jul 1;586(13):3035-42
references.pmid: 18499724
references.citation: Nature. 1999 Sep 30;401(6752):493-7
references.pmid: 10519554
references.citation: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2010 Sep;299(3):L353-62
references.pmid: 20562229
references.citation: Physiol Rev. 2015 Jan;95(1):1-46
references.pmid: 25540137
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2002 Jun 1;22(11):4720-7
references.pmid: 12040079
references.citation: J Physiol. 2007 May 1;580(Pt.3):755-64
references.pmid: 17303636
references.citation: Circ Res. 2009 May 8;104(9):e56-7
references.pmid: 19423858
references.citation: Nat Immunol. 2007 Mar;8(3):312-20
references.pmid: 17293867
references.citation: Nature. 1998 Nov 19;396(6708):269-72
references.pmid: 9834033
references.citation: Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2008 Apr;38(4):386-92
references.pmid: 17962608
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2006 May;9(5):628-35
references.pmid: 16617338
references.citation: Circ Res. 2009 May 8;104(9):1123-30
references.pmid: 19359599
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2004 Apr 2;279(14):13696-704
references.pmid: 14736881
references.citation: J Am Soc Nephrol. 1997 Apr;8(4):616-26
references.pmid: 10495791
references.citation: EMBO J. 2006 Feb 8;25(3):467-78
references.pmid: 16424899
references.citation: J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2009 Apr;329(1):202-9
references.pmid: 19147859
references.citation: Circ Res. 2006 Jun 23;98(12):1528-37
references.pmid: 16709899
references.citation: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2010 Sep;299(3):H624-33
references.pmid: 20622104
references.citation: J Physiol. 2010 Oct 1;588(Pt 19):3671-82
references.pmid: 20660561
references.citation: Nature. 2002 Jul 11;418(6894):181-6
references.pmid: 12077604
references.citation: Br J Pharmacol. 2012 Aug;166(7):2161-75
references.pmid: 22404177
references.citation: Br J Pharmacol. 2013 Oct;170(3):661-70
references.pmid: 23889563
references.citation: Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2006 Aug;27(8):981-90
references.pmid: 16867248
references.citation: PLoS One. 2007;2(9):e827
references.pmid: 17786199
references.citation: Sci Transl Med. 2012 Nov 7;4(159):159ra148
references.pmid: 23136043
references.citation: J Gen Physiol. 2006 May;127(5):525-37
references.pmid: 16636202
references.citation: Circ Res. 2002 Feb 22;90(3):248-50
references.pmid: 11861411
references.citation: J Physiol. 2008 May 1;586(9):2277-91
references.pmid: 18308826
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Apr 9;110(15):6157-62
references.pmid: 23530219
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2005 Dec 2;280(48):39786-94
references.pmid: 16204251
references.citation: Eur J Pharmacol. 2008 Apr 14;584(1):10-20
references.pmid: 18308301
references.citation: J Neurogenet. 2010 Dec;24(4):216-33
references.pmid: 21067449
references.citation: Nat Genet. 2002 Jun;31(2):166-70
references.pmid: 12032568
references.citation: Circ Res. 2008 May 9;102(9):1118-26
references.pmid: 18388325
references.citation: Nat Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;2(10):695-702
references.pmid: 11025659
references.citation: Clin Exp Hypertens. 2010;32(5):288-92
references.pmid: 20662729
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Aug 23;102(34):12248-52
references.pmid: 16103371
references.citation: Nature. 2006 Sep 14;443(7108):230-3
references.pmid: 16921383
references.citation: Front Physiol. 2011 Jul 22;2:42
references.pmid: 21811471
references.citation: J Physiol. 2005 Aug 1;566(Pt 3):769-80
references.pmid: 15919706
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Feb 24;101(8):2625-30
references.pmid: 14983059
references.citation: Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2010 Nov;200(3):265-78
references.pmid: 20426773
references.citation: Br J Pharmacol. 2004 Aug;142(8):1354-60
references.pmid: 15277315
references.citation: EMBO J. 2006 May 3;25(9):1804-15
references.pmid: 16601673
references.citation: Pflugers Arch. 2005 Oct;451(1):99-104
references.pmid: 15924237
references.citation: J Am Soc Nephrol. 2001 Jan;12(1):1-9
references.pmid: 11134244
references.citation: J Neurochem. 2010 Apr;113(2):313-28
references.pmid: 20132470
references.citation: Neuroscience. 2004;125(2):449-59
references.pmid: 15062987
references.citation: Atherosclerosis. 2007 Dec;195(2):287-96
references.pmid: 17289052
references.citation: Microcirculation. 2013 May;20(4):337-47
references.pmid: 23116477
references.citation: Physiol Rep. 2013 Oct;1(5):e00121
references.pmid: 24303188
references.citation: FASEB J. 2012 Jan;26(1):409-19
references.pmid: 21968068
references.citation: Hypertens Res. 2014 Jan;37(1):35-42
references.pmid: 24026041
references.citation: Circ Res. 2004 Oct 29;95(9):922-9
references.pmid: 15472118
references.citation: Circ Res. 2014 Jul 7;115(2):263-72
references.pmid: 24838176
references.citation: J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2013 Jan;344(1):33-40
references.pmid: 23010361
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997 Oct 9;239(1):279-83
references.pmid: 9345310
references.citation: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2009 Sep;297(3):H1096-102
references.pmid: 19617407
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2011 Feb 11;286(6):4341-8
references.pmid: 21098487
references.citation: Eur J Neurosci. 2009 Apr;29(8):1568-78
references.pmid: 19419422
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Dec 9;100(25):15166-71
references.pmid: 14634208
references.citation: Science. 2012 May 4;336(6081):597-601
references.pmid: 22556255
references.citation: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2010 Feb;298(2):H466-76
references.pmid: 19966050
references.citation: Pflugers Arch. 2011 May;461(5):493-8
references.pmid: 21286746
references.citation: Hypertension. 2006 Apr;47(4):762-70
references.pmid: 16505204
references.citation: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2005 May;288(5):H2055-61
references.pmid: 15604128
references.citation: Circulation. 2005 Dec 6;112(23):3617-23
references.pmid: 16314376
references.citation: J Am Soc Nephrol. 2003 Sep;14(9):2280-7
references.pmid: 12937304
references.citation: Cell. 2009 Oct 30;139(3):587-96
references.pmid: 19879844
references.citation: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2008 Mar;294(3):H1103-18
references.pmid: 18192217
references.citation: Nature. 2001 May 31;411(6837):590-5
references.pmid: 11385574
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2002 Jun 28;277(26):23150-6
references.pmid: 11960981
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 Apr 11;368(3):677-83
references.pmid: 18262493
references.citation: Neuron. 2002 Sep 26;36(1):57-68
references.pmid: 12367506
references.citation: Hum Mol Genet. 2009 Apr 1;18(7):1238-51
references.pmid: 19193631
references.citation: Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2011 Sep;203(1):139-47
references.pmid: 21518266
references.citation: Science. 1985 Nov 29;230(4729):1040-3
references.pmid: 3933112
references.citation: J Pharmacol Sci. 2007 Apr;103(4):417-26
references.pmid: 17420615
references.citation: Physiol Rep. 2014 Jan 13;2(1):e00199
references.pmid: 24744878
references.citation: J Gen Physiol. 2014 Feb;143(2):183-201
references.pmid: 24470487
references.citation: Pflugers Arch. 2014 Dec;466(12):2229-41
references.pmid: 24643480
references.citation: Circ Res. 2006 Jun 23;98(12):1520-7
references.pmid: 16690880
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2012 Feb 17;287(8):5917-27
references.pmid: 22203682
references.citation: Protein Sci. 2006 Sep;15(9):2201-6
references.pmid: 16882997
references.citation: J Mol Biol. 2007 Mar 23;367(2):373-83
references.pmid: 17258231
references.citation: Pflugers Arch. 2007 Mar;453(6):753-62
references.pmid: 17031667
references.citation: J Am Heart Assoc. 2014 Aug;3(4). pii: e000913. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.114.000913
references.pmid: 25142058
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2012 Oct 12;287(42):35612-20
references.pmid: 22932896
references.citation: Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2014;223:1143-76
references.pmid: 24961984
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Oct 10;92(21):9652-6
references.pmid: 7568191
references.citation: Oncogene. 2012 Jan 12;31(2):200-12
references.pmid: 21685934
references.citation: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2010 Aug;299(2):C279-88
references.pmid: 20427713
references.citation: J Physiol. 2012 Mar 15;590(6):1349-56
references.pmid: 22124148
references.citation: Pflugers Arch. 2011 May;461(5):499-506
references.pmid: 21287198
references.citation: Cancer Lett. 2009 Sep 28;283(1):43-51
references.pmid: 19394138
references.citation: Neuron. 1989 Apr;2(4):1313-23
references.pmid: 2516726
references.citation: Circ Res. 2003 Oct 31;93(9):829-38
references.pmid: 14512441
references.citation: Eur J Pharmacol. 2008 Mar 31;583(1):135-47
references.pmid: 18289524
references.citation: Br J Pharmacol. 2012 Sep;167(1):13-22
references.pmid: 22563804
references.citation: Neuron. 2004 Mar 25;41(6):849-57
references.pmid: 15046718
references.citation: Br J Pharmacol. 2008 Apr;153(8):1697-705
references.pmid: 18297105
references.citation: Microcirculation. 2013 Feb;20(2):138-48
references.pmid: 22928941
references.citation: Cell Mol Life Sci. 2011 Aug;68(15):2589-601
references.pmid: 21069423
references.citation: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2009 Jul;297(1):H417-24
references.pmid: 19502552
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 May 28;99(11):7461-6
references.pmid: 12032305
references.citation: Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2014 Jun;50(6):1064-75
references.pmid: 24392954
references.citation: Cell. 2003 Jul 25;114(2):191-200
references.pmid: 12887921
references.citation: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2005 Apr;288(4):C872-80
references.pmid: 15561760
references.citation: Biochem J. 1995 Oct 1;311 ( Pt 1):41-4
references.pmid: 7575478
references.citation: J Physiol. 1902 May 28;28(3):220-31
references.pmid: 16992618
references.citation: Circulation. 2008 Feb 26;117(8):1065-74
references.pmid: 18268148
references.citation: Cell. 2014 May 22;157(5):1061-72
references.pmid: 24855944
references.citation: Physiol Rev. 2005 Apr;85(2):757-810
references.pmid: 15788710
references.citation: Cardiovasc Res. 2007 Jan 1;73(1):111-9
references.pmid: 17129578
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2003 Oct 3;278(40):39014-9
references.pmid: 12857742
references.citation: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2012 Jun;32(6):978-82
references.pmid: 22434066
references.citation: Mol Pharmacol. 2010 Apr;77(4):612-20
references.pmid: 20086034
references.citation: Circ Res. 2009 Jun 19;104(12):1399-409
references.pmid: 19443836
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2010 Apr 9;285(15):11210-8
references.pmid: 20044482
references.citation: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2012 Feb 1;302(3):H611-20
references.pmid: 22140038
references.citation: J Physiol. 2009 Feb 1;587(3):531-40
references.pmid: 19047197
references.citation: FEBS Lett. 1995 Oct 16;373(3):193-8
references.pmid: 7589464
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2006 Sep 1;281(35):25006-10
references.pmid: 16809337
references.citation: J Physiol. 2009 Nov 15;587(Pt 22):5361-75
references.pmid: 19770190
references.citation: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2004 Nov;287(5):L962-9
references.pmid: 15220115
references.citation: Curr Biol. 2003 Jul 1;13(13):1153-8
references.pmid: 12842017
references.citation: Microcirculation. 2008 Feb;15(2):137-50
references.pmid: 18260004
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1997 Sep 22;138(6):1333-41
references.pmid: 9298988
references.citation: Br J Pharmacol. 2011 Oct;164(3):839-52
references.pmid: 21133895
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2004 Jun 9;24(23):5307-14
references.pmid: 15190102
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2003 Jun 20;278(25):22664-8
references.pmid: 12692122
references.citation: Nature. 2003 Jul 24;424(6947):434-8
references.pmid: 12879072
references.citation: Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2014;222:1-12
references.pmid: 24756700
references.citation: Nat Immunol. 2008 Oct;9(10):1148-56
references.pmid: 18758465
references.citation: Circ Res. 2002 Jul 12;91(1):70-6
references.pmid: 12114324
references.citation: Nature. 1980 Nov 27;288(5789):373-6
references.pmid: 6253831
references.citation: J Vasc Surg. 2010 Nov;52(5):1310-20
references.pmid: 20638226
references.citation: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2007 Jun;292(6):H2613-22
references.pmid: 17293488
references.citation: Hypertens Res. 2010 Jan;33(1):37-42
references.pmid: 19893564
references.citation: Arch Med Res. 2012 Aug;43(6):431-7
references.pmid: 22960861
references.citation: Biophys J. 2010 Mar 3;98(5):773-83
references.pmid: 20197030
references.citation: Pharmacol Rev. 2003 Dec;55(4):591-6
references.pmid: 14657417
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2008 Jul;118(7):2574-82
references.pmid: 18568077
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Jun 28;108(26):10750-5
references.pmid: 21670282
references.citation: Sci Signal. 2015 Jan 6;8(358):ra2
references.pmid: 25564678
references.citation: Br J Pharmacol. 1988 Dec;95(4):1165-74
references.pmid: 2851359
references.citation: Hypertension. 2010 Sep;56(3):325-30
references.pmid: 20644010
references.citation: Cell Calcium. 2008 May;43(5):506-14
references.pmid: 17942152
references.citation: Physiol Rev. 1999 Jul;79(3):703-61
references.pmid: 10390517
references.citation: Neuron. 2008 Aug 14;59(3):392-8
references.pmid: 18701065
references.citation: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2013 Feb;33(2):293-9
references.pmid: 23168530
references.citation: Hypertension. 2013 Jan;61(1):246-52
references.pmid: 23150506
references.citation: Pflugers Arch. 2010 May;459(6):863-79
references.pmid: 20383718
references.citation: Cell Calcium. 2012 Jan;51(1):82-93
references.pmid: 22153976
references.citation: Mol Pharmacol. 2005 Feb;67(2):558-63
references.pmid: 15533987
references.citation: Nat Commun. 2012;3:649
references.pmid: 22337127
references.citation: Cell. 2000 Oct 27;103(3):525-35
references.pmid: 11081638
references.citation: J Physiol. 2006 Mar 1;571(Pt 2):361-9
references.pmid: 16396924
references.citation: Br J Pharmacol. 2005 Mar;144(5):727-35
references.pmid: 15678080
references.citation: Cardiovasc Res. 2011 Aug 1;91(3):465-71
references.pmid: 21427121
references.citation: Circ Res. 2003 Oct 31;93(9):839-47
references.pmid: 14551243
references.citation: Cell Calcium. 2011 Sep;50(3):279-87
references.pmid: 21616534
references.citation: Lab Invest. 2011 Jan;91(1):24-32
references.pmid: 20856231
references.citation: Eur J Pharmacol. 2008 Mar 17;582(1-3):35-41
references.pmid: 18237728
references.citation: J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2008 Aug;326(2):443-52
references.pmid: 18499744
references.citation: J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007 Feb;18(2):485-93
references.pmid: 17202419
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Oct 1;322(4):1352-8
references.pmid: 15336983
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2000 Feb 11;275(6):3963-9
references.pmid: 10660551
references.citation: Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2013 Apr 1;304(7):F918-29
references.pmid: 23283997
references.citation: Stroke. 2011 Nov;42(11):3245-51
references.pmid: 21852608
references.citation: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2003 Jul;4(7):517-29
references.pmid: 12838335
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2002 Dec 6;277(49):47044-51
references.pmid: 12354759
references.citation: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2007 Oct;293(4):L923-32
references.pmid: 17660328
references.citation: FEBS Lett. 1997 Oct 6;415(3):335-40
references.pmid: 9357995
references.citation: Science. 2005 Jun 17;308(5729):1801-4
references.pmid: 15879175
references.citation: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2014 Jul 15;307(2):L158-72
references.pmid: 24838754
references.citation: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2013 Nov 15;305(10):C999-C1008
references.pmid: 24025865
references.citation: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2014 Jun 1;306(11):H1495-506
references.pmid: 24658016
references.citation: Nature. 1999 Jan 21;397(6716):259-63
references.pmid: 9930701
references.citation: Pflugers Arch. 2007 Dec;455(3):465-77
references.pmid: 17647013
references.citation: Nature. 2013 Dec 5;504(7478):113-8
references.pmid: 24305161
references.citation: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012 Jan 15;185(2):160-70
references.pmid: 22246702
references.citation: Cell Calcium. 2009 Apr;45(4):400-11
references.pmid: 19246091
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2003 Oct 8;23(27):9254-62
references.pmid: 14534260
references.citation: Sci Signal. 2014;7(327):ra49
references.pmid: 24866019
references.citation: Neuron. 1989 Jul;3(1):81-94
references.pmid: 2482778
references.citation: Life Sci. 2008 Jul 4;83(1-2):29-34
references.pmid: 18538797
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2012 Jan 27;287(5):3530-40
references.pmid: 22157757
references.citation: Prog Lipid Res. 2003 Jul;42(4):318-43
references.pmid: 12689622
references.citation: Channels (Austin). 2011 May-Jun;5(3):210-4
references.pmid: 21406958
references.citation: J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2008 May;51(5):513-20
references.pmid: 18460982
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1992 Jun 5;267(16):10931-4
references.pmid: 1375931
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2009 Oct;12(10):1300-7
references.pmid: 19734892
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2008 Mar 5;28(10):2485-94
references.pmid: 18322093
references.citation: Eur J Pharmacol. 2006 Mar 8;533(1-3):207-14
references.pmid: 16464449
references.citation: Br J Pharmacol. 2008 Mar;153(5):846-57
references.pmid: 17876304
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1998 Sep;275(3 Pt 1):L574-82
references.pmid: 9728053
references.citation: Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2014 Jun;50(6):1107-17
references.pmid: 24405281
references.citation: Cell Calcium. 2007 Oct-Nov;42(4-5):439-46
references.pmid: 17659338
references.citation: J Physiol. 2009 May 15;587(Pt 10):2275-98
references.pmid: 19332491
references.citation: Circ Res. 2014 Jan 31;114(3):469-79
references.pmid: 24337049
references.citation: Cell Calcium. 2007 Jan;41(1):51-61
references.pmid: 16806463
references.citation: Arch Biochem Biophys. 2007 Feb 1;458(1):33-9
references.pmid: 16762312
references.citation: Pflugers Arch. 2014 Mar;466(3):563-76
references.pmid: 24043570
references.citation: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2010 Nov;299(5):C1195-202
references.pmid: 20826763
references.citation: Circ Res. 2004 Sep 3;95(5):496-505
references.pmid: 15256480
references.citation: J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 2011 Dec;15(1):33-9
references.pmid: 22076325
references.citation: Circ Res. 2001 Feb 16;88(3):325-32
references.pmid: 11179201
references.citation: Circ Res. 2005 Apr 29;96(8):856-63
references.pmid: 15790951
references.citation: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2010 Jan;298(1):H263-74
references.pmid: 19897708
references.citation: Cardiovasc Res. 2013 Nov 1;100(2):280-7
references.pmid: 23832809
references.citation: Channels (Austin). 2013 Nov-Dec;7(6):537-40
references.pmid: 24037125
references.citation: Hypertension. 2009 Feb;53(2):423-9
references.pmid: 19103997
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2010 Sep;120(9):3267-79
references.pmid: 20679729
references.citation: Hypertension. 2014 Jan;63(1):173-80
references.pmid: 24144647
references.citation: Circ Res. 2008 Nov 21;103(11):1289-99
references.pmid: 18845811
references.citation: Nature. 1969 Oct 18;224(5216):285-7
references.pmid: 5344615
references.citation: Nature. 2013 Dec 5;504(7478):107-12
references.pmid: 24305160
references.citation: J Physiol. 1998 Apr 1;508 ( Pt 1):199-209
references.pmid: 9490839
references.citation: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2006 Jun;290(6):L1267-76
references.pmid: 16399784
references.citation: Cell Calcium. 2007 Aug;42(2):213-23
references.pmid: 17350680
references.citation: Circulation. 2009 May 5;119(17):2313-22
references.pmid: 19380626
references.citation: Circ Res. 2006 Jul 21;99(2):119-31
references.pmid: 16857972
references.citation: Biol Pharm Bull. 2006 Dec;29(12):2415-8
references.pmid: 17142974
references.citation: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2004 Nov;287(5):C1192-201
references.pmid: 15229105
references.citation: Mol Pharmacol. 2008 May;73(5):1405-12
references.pmid: 18256211
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Dec 21;96(26):14955-60
references.pmid: 10611319
references.citation: Neuron. 2001 Mar;29(3):645-55
references.pmid: 11301024
references.citation: J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2006 Feb;47(2):303-9
references.pmid: 16495770
references.citation: Nat Cell Biol. 2001 Feb;3(2):121-7
references.pmid: 11175743
references.citation: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2012 Dec 1;303(11):C1156-72
references.pmid: 23034388
references.citation: Hypertension. 2005 Oct;46(4):986-91
references.pmid: 16144988
references.citation: Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2014;223:1239-80
references.pmid: 24961986
references.citation: Br J Pharmacol. 2010 Dec;161(8):1722-33
references.pmid: 20718731
references.citation: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2012 Jan 1;302(1):C77-87
references.pmid: 21940663
references.citation: Circ Res. 2005 Dec 9;97(12):1270-9
references.pmid: 16269659
references.citation: Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2015 Feb;213(2):296-7
references.pmid: 25213675
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007 Sep 14;361(1):230-6
references.pmid: 17658472
references.citation: J Physiol. 2007 Aug 15;583(Pt 1):25-36
references.pmid: 17615095
references.citation: FASEB J. 2010 Dec;24(12):4904-16
references.pmid: 20720158
references.citation: Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2011 May;41(5):589-96
references.pmid: 21316269
references.citation: J Physiol. 2013 Oct 15;591(20):5031-46
references.pmid: 23858011
references.citation: Cardiovasc Res. 2006 Jun 1;70(3):589-99
references.pmid: 16579978
references.citation: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2014 Oct;34(10):1706-14
references.pmid: 25099756
references.citation: Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2012 Sep;21(9):1351-69
references.pmid: 22780443
references.citation: J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2013 Jun;61(6):455-60
references.pmid: 23364606
references.citation: J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2008 Aug;326(2):432-42
references.pmid: 18499743
references.citation: Physiol Rev. 2006 Jan;86(1):279-367
references.pmid: 16371600
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2012 Jan;15(1):70-80
references.pmid: 22158513
references.citation: J Hypertens. 2003 Aug;21(8):1525-30
references.pmid: 12872047
references.citation: Pflugers Arch. 2014 Mar;466(3):389-405
references.pmid: 23748495
references.citation: Cardiovasc Res. 2008 Dec 1;80(3):445-52
references.pmid: 18682435
references.citation: J Physiol. 2009 Jun 1;587(Pt 11):2429-42
references.pmid: 19332490
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Oct 30;109(44):18174-9
references.pmid: 23071308
references.citation: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2010 Sep;299(3):C682-94
references.pmid: 20610768
references.citation: Nat Chem Biol. 2011 Oct;7(10):701-11
references.pmid: 21873995
references.citation: EMBO J. 2003 Feb 17;22(4):776-85
references.pmid: 12574114
references.citation: EMBO J. 2008 Dec 3;27(23):3092-103
references.pmid: 18987636
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Jul 15;105(28):9627-32
references.pmid: 18621682
references.citation: J Physiol. 2008 May 15;586(10):2463-76
references.pmid: 18356201
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2004 Jun 2;24(22):5177-82
references.pmid: 15175387
references.citation: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2008 Jun;294(6):H2489-96
references.pmid: 18390821
references.citation: Nat Med. 2009 Feb;15(2):185-91
references.pmid: 19169264
references.citation: J Physiol. 2003 May 15;549(Pt 1):143-56
references.pmid: 12679370
references.citation: Br J Pharmacol. 2015 Feb;172(4):1114-23
references.pmid: 25323322
references.citation: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2012 Feb 1;302(3):H634-42
references.pmid: 22140047
references.citation: J Physiol. 2004 Oct 1;560(Pt 1):169-80
references.pmid: 15297579
references.citation: FASEB J. 2001 Aug;15(10):1727-38
references.pmid: 11481220
references.citation: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2007 Mar;292(3):H1390-7
references.pmid: 17071727
references.citation: Curr Biol. 2005 May 24;15(10):929-34
references.pmid: 15916949
references.citation: Mol Pharmacol. 2006 Mar;69(3):1015-23
references.pmid: 16338989
references.citation: Hypertension. 2006 Mar;47(3):609-14
references.pmid: 16365187
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006 Aug;26(8):1768-76
references.pmid: 16763162
references.citation: J Gen Physiol. 2006 Dec;128(6):659-69
references.pmid: 17130519
references.citation: Br J Pharmacol. 2012 May;166(2):510-21
references.pmid: 22233379
references.citation: Circ Res. 2001 Jan 19;88(1):84-7
references.pmid: 11139478
references.citation: Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2015 Feb;213(2):481-91
references.pmid: 25069877
references.citation: Hypertension. 2009 Mar;53(3):532-8
references.pmid: 19188524
references.citation: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2008 Jul;295(1):L104-13
references.pmid: 18424621
references.citation: Sci Signal. 2013;6(267):ra18
references.pmid: 23512989
references.citation: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2002 Feb;282(2):C347-59
references.pmid: 11788346
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Mar 4;100(5):2220-5
references.pmid: 12601176
references.citation: Nature. 1975 Nov 6;258(5530):84-7
references.pmid: 810728
references.citation: Nat Rev Nephrol. 2009 Aug;5(8):441-9
references.pmid: 19546862
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2006 Jun 23;281(25):17517-27
references.pmid: 16606612
references.citation: Circ Res. 2010 Apr 16;106(7):1221-32
references.pmid: 20185799
references.citation: J Physiol. 2006 Dec 1;577(Pt 2):479-95
references.pmid: 16973707
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2005 Apr 20;25(16):4052-61
references.pmid: 15843607
references.citation: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2009 Oct;297(4):L650-7
references.pmid: 19617313
references.citation: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2001 Feb;280(2):H746-55
references.pmid: 11158974
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2002 Apr 19;277(16):13569-77
references.pmid: 11827975
references.citation: J Hypertens. 2010 Jan;28(1):102-10
references.pmid: 19996988
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Dec 12;103(50):19093-8
references.pmid: 17142322
references.citation: Science. 2006 May 26;312(5777):1220-3
references.pmid: 16645049
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2004 May 14;279(20):20941-9
references.pmid: 15016832
references.citation: Circ Res. 2008 Feb 15;102(3):347-55
references.pmid: 18048770
references.citation: Hypertension. 2009 Jan;53(1):70-6
references.pmid: 19029480
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1997 Jul;273(1 Pt 1):L22-30
references.pmid: 9252536
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Oct 31;103(44):16586-91
references.pmid: 17056714
references.citation: Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2010 Sep;93(1-2):60-74
references.pmid: 20599518
references.citation: Cell Calcium. 1986 Feb;7(1):1-12
references.pmid: 2420465
references.citation: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2001 May;280(5):C1184-92
references.pmid: 11287332
references.citation: J Physiol. 2010 May 1;588(Pt 9):1419-33
references.pmid: 20211974
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2005 May;8(5):626-34
references.pmid: 15852009
references.citation: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2009 Jun;296(6):H1868-77
references.pmid: 19363131
references.citation: J Histochem Cytochem. 2014 Feb;62(2):129-44
references.pmid: 24217926
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e32628
references.pmid: 22438881
references.citation: J Anat. 2006 Nov;209(5):689-98
references.pmid: 17062025
references.citation: Microcirculation. 2008 Oct;15(7):605-14
references.pmid: 18800249
references.citation: PLoS One. 2014;9(11):e110996
references.pmid: 25365260
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2005 Feb 25;280(8):6423-33
references.pmid: 15590641
references.citation: Hypertension. 2012 Nov;60(5):1213-9
references.pmid: 23045459
references.citation: Hypertension. 2006 Oct;48(4):587-94
references.pmid: 16966582
references.citation: Circ Res. 2006 Oct 27;99(9):988-95
references.pmid: 17008604
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007 Oct 5;361(4):934-40
references.pmid: 17689489
references.citation: J Gen Physiol. 2014 May;143(5):559-75
references.pmid: 24778429
references.citation: Nature. 2001 May 31;411(6837):595-9
references.pmid: 11385575
references.citation: Endothelium. 2003;10(1):5-15
references.pmid: 12699072
references.citation: Adv Exp Med Biol. 2010;661:123-35
references.pmid: 20204727
references.citation: J Cell Mol Med. 2010 Oct;14(10):2483-94
references.pmid: 19725917
references.citation: Nature. 1998 Dec 3;396(6710):478-82
references.pmid: 9853757
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Aug 14;104(33):13519-24
references.pmid: 17684094
references.citation: Nature. 1999 Jul 29;400(6743):452-7
references.pmid: 10440374
references.citation: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2013 Oct 15;305(8):R917-26
references.pmid: 23948776
references.citation: Nature. 1997 Oct 23;389(6653):816-24
references.pmid: 9349813
references.citation: Circ Res. 2012 May 25;110(11):1435-44
references.pmid: 22534489
references.citation: Circ Res. 2008 Apr 25;102(8):966-74
references.pmid: 18323527
references.citation: FASEB J. 2008 Aug;22(8):3024-34
references.pmid: 18492727
references.citation: Cell Calcium. 2011 Dec;50(6):502-9
references.pmid: 21930300
references.citation: Science. 2004 Nov 19;306(5700):1374-7
references.pmid: 15550671
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2009 Dec 18;284(51):35507-13
references.pmid: 19850920
references.citation: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2007 May;292(5):L1202-10
references.pmid: 17189322
references.citation: FASEB J. 2008 Dec;22(12):4306-15
references.pmid: 18725458
references.citation: Science. 2001 Aug 17;293(5533):1327-30
references.pmid: 11509734
references.citation: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2003 Jul;285(1):H127-36
references.pmid: 12623785
references.citation: Circ Res. 2010 May 28;106(10):1603-12
references.pmid: 20378853
references.citation: J Physiol. 2003 Nov 1;552(Pt 3):789-95
references.pmid: 12972630
references.citation: Circ Res. 2009 Mar 13;104(5):670-8
references.pmid: 19168436
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e43525
references.pmid: 22916273
references.citation: Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2004 Oct;36(10):1868-73
references.pmid: 15203099
references.citation: J Membr Biol. 2008 Jun;223(3):151-9
references.pmid: 18787888
references.citation: Pflugers Arch. 2013 Sep;465(9):1223-31
references.pmid: 23443854
references.citation: Circ Res. 2009 Apr 24;104(8):987-94
references.pmid: 19299646
references.citation: Cell. 2003 Mar 21;112(6):819-29
references.pmid: 12654248
references.citation: Cardiovasc Res. 2011 Aug 1;91(3):492-501
references.pmid: 21493704
references.citation: Nature. 2001 Apr 5;410(6829):705-9
references.pmid: 11287959
references.citation: Neuron. 2003 Oct 30;40(3):551-61
references.pmid: 14642279
references.citation: Pflugers Arch. 2007 Oct;455(1):157-68
references.pmid: 17479281
references.citation: Pflugers Arch. 2005 Oct;451(1):151-9
references.pmid: 15909179
references.citation: Cell. 2003 Dec 26;115(7):863-77
references.pmid: 14697204
references.citation: J Physiol. 2012 Mar 1;590(5):1101-19
references.pmid: 22183723
references.citation: PLoS Biol. 2011 Mar;9(3):e1001025
references.pmid: 21408196
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2003 Aug 15;278(33):30813-20
references.pmid: 12799367
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Nov 2;107(44):19084-9
references.pmid: 20956320
references.citation: Neuroscience. 2007 Sep 21;148(4):876-92
references.pmid: 17719182
references.citation: J Gen Physiol. 2003 Jan;121(1):49-60
references.pmid: 12508053
references.citation: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2014 Jan 1;306(1):H1-14
references.pmid: 24163077
references.citation: Respir Res. 2011;12:20
references.pmid: 21294865
references.citation: Mol Cell Biol. 2005 Aug;25(16):6980-9
references.pmid: 16055711
references.citation: Sci Signal. 2014;7(333):ra66
references.pmid: 25005230
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2007 Mar 16;282(11):7833-43
references.pmid: 17197445
references.citation: Brain Res. 2012 Mar 14;1443:89-97
references.pmid: 22284622
references.citation: J Vasc Res. 2013;50(1):11-20
references.pmid: 23095462
references.citation: PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e54849
references.pmid: 23359815
references.citation: J Physiol. 2005 Oct 15;568(Pt 2):539-51
references.pmid: 16081483
references.citation: Circulation. 2000 Jan 25;101(3):329-35
references.pmid: 10645931
references.citation: Circ Res. 2005 Nov 25;97(11):1164-72
references.pmid: 16254212
references.citation: Microcirculation. 2007 Nov-Dec;14(8):767-78
references.pmid: 17907014