title: Effects of sphingosylphosphorylcholine against oxidative stress and acute lung ınjury ınduced by pulmonary contusion in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to evaluate effects of exogenous sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) administration on acute lung injury induced by pulmonary contusion in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight animals were included in each of the following five groups: control, contusion, contusion phosphate-buffered solution (PBS), contusion SPC 2, contusion SPC 10. SPC was administered 3 days at a daily two different doses of 2 μm/ml and 10 μm/ml intraperitoneally. The severity of lung injury was determined by the neutrophil activation and histological and immunohistochemical changes in the lung. Malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione (GSH) were determined to evaluate the oxidative status in the lung tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with 2 μM SPC inhibited the increase in lung MDA and NO levels significantly and also attenuated the depletion of SOD, GPx, and GSH in the lung injury induced by pulmonary contusion. These data were supported by histopathological findings. The inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) positive cells and apoptotic cells in the lung tissue were observed to be reduced with the 2 μM SPC treatment. But, the 10 μM SPC treatment did not provide similar effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, these findings suggested that 2 μM SPC can attenuate lung damage in pulmonary contusion by prevention of oxidative stress, inflammatory process and apoptosis. All these findings suggest that low dose SPC may be a promising new therapeutic agent for acute lung injury.
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Medeniyet University, Göztepe Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: burhanfeyza@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Burhan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aksu
authors.affiliation: Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Edirne, Turkey.
authors.forename: Süleyman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ayvaz
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Medeniyet University, Göztepe Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Feyza
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aksu
authors.affiliation: Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Edirne, Turkey.
authors.forename: Turan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karaca
authors.affiliation: Yildiz Technical University, Biochemistry Division, Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cemek
authors.affiliation: Yildiz Technical University, Biochemistry Division, Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ayaz
authors.affiliation: Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Edirne, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demirtaş
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D003288:Contusions / Q000150:complications*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010767:Phosphorylcholine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D020011:Protective Agents; C005356:sphingosine phosphorylcholine; D010767:Phosphorylcholine; D013110:Sphingosine
keywords: Acute lung injury; Lipid peroxidation; Nitric oxide; Oxidative stress; Pulmonary contusion; SPC