title: Transgenic expression of the dicotyledonous pattern recognition receptor EFR in rice leads to ligand-dependent activation of defense responses.
abstract: Plant plasma membrane localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) detect extracellular pathogen-associated molecules. PRRs such as Arabidopsis EFR and rice XA21 are taxonomically restricted and are absent from most plant genomes. Here we show that rice plants expressing EFR or the chimeric receptor EFR::XA21, containing the EFR ectodomain and the XA21 intracellular domain, sense both Escherichia coli- and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo)-derived elf18 peptides at sub-nanomolar concentrations. Treatment of EFR and EFR::XA21 rice leaf tissue with elf18 leads to MAP kinase activation, reactive oxygen production and defense gene expression. Although expression of EFR does not lead to robust enhanced resistance to fully virulent Xoo isolates, it does lead to quantitatively enhanced resistance to weakly virulent Xoo isolates. EFR interacts with OsSERK2 and the XA21 binding protein 24 (XB24), two key components of the rice XA21-mediated immune response. Rice-EFR plants silenced for OsSERK2, or overexpressing rice XB24 are compromised in elf18-induced reactive oxygen production and defense gene expression indicating that these proteins are also important for EFR-mediated signaling in transgenic rice. Taken together, our results demonstrate the potential feasibility of enhancing disease resistance in rice and possibly other monocotyledonous crop species by expression of dicotyledonous PRRs. Our results also suggest that Arabidopsis EFR utilizes at least a subset of the known endogenous rice XA21 signaling components.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America; Joint BioEnergy Institute and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schwessinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ofir
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bahar
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Holton
authors.affiliation: The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nekrasov
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America; Joint BioEnergy Institute and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Deling
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America; Joint BioEnergy Institute and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Patrick E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Canlas
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Arsalan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daudi
authors.affiliation: Joint BioEnergy Institute and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Petzold
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Vasanth R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Singan
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Mansi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chovatia
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Daum
authors.affiliation: Joint BioEnergy Institute and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Joshua L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Heazlewood
authors.affiliation: The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Cyril
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zipfel
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America; Joint BioEnergy Institute and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Pamela C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Ronald
mesh_terms: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C545106:EFR protein, Arabidopsis; D010940:Plant Proteins; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C097148:Xa21 protein, Oryza sativa; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
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