title: What do Pneumocystis organisms tell us about the phylogeography of their hosts? The case of the woodmouse Apodemus sylvaticus in continental Europe and western Mediterranean islands.
abstract: Pneumocystis fungi represent a highly diversified biological group with numerous species, which display a strong host-specificity suggesting a long co-speciation process. In the present study, the presence and genetic diversity of Pneumocystis organisms was investigated in 203 lung samples from woodmice (Apodemus sylvaticus) collected on western continental Europe and Mediterranean islands. The presence of Pneumocystis DNA was assessed by nested PCR at both large and small mitochondrial subunit (mtLSU and mtSSU) rRNA loci. Direct sequencing of nested PCR products demonstrated a very high variability among woodmouse-derived Pneumocystis organisms with a total number of 30 distinct combined mtLSU and mtSSU sequence types. However, the genetic divergence among these sequence types was very low (up to 3.87%) and the presence of several Pneumocystis species within Apodemus sylvaticus was considered unlikely. The analysis of the genetic structure of woodmouse-derived Pneumocystis revealed two distinct groups. The first one comprised Pneumocystis from woodmice collected in continental Spain, France and Balearic islands. The second one included Pneumocystis from woodmice collected in continental Italy, Corsica and Sicily. These two genetic groups were in accordance with the two lineages currently described within the host species Apodemus sylvaticus. Pneumocystis organisms are emerging as powerful tools for phylogeographic studies in mammals.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Parasitologie (EA4547), Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Lille, Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, UMR CNRS 8204, Université de Lille, BioPôle d'Alfort, Biologie et Diversité des Pathogènes Eucaryotes Emergents, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Demanche
authors.affiliation: ENVA, UPEC, Research group Dynamyc, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94704, Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Manjula
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deville
authors.affiliation: CBGP (Centre de Biologie et de Gestion des Populations), UMR INRA/IRD/Cirad/Montpellier SupAgro, Campus international de Baillarguet, CS 30016, 34988, Montferrier-sur-Lez cedex, France; Institut de Botanique (B22), University of Liège, 4000, Liège, (Sart Tilman), Belgium.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Michaux
authors.affiliation: Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, CR2P-UMR 7207 CNRS, MNHN, Univ Paris06, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Barriel
authors.affiliation: Departement of Biostatistics (EA2694), Université de Lille, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pinçon
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Parasitologie (EA4547), Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Lille, Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, UMR CNRS 8204, Université de Lille, BioPôle d'Alfort, Biologie et Diversité des Pathogènes Eucaryotes Emergents, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Cécile Marie
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Aliouat-Denis
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Parasitologie (EA4547), Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Lille, Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, UMR CNRS 8204, Université de Lille, BioPôle d'Alfort, Biologie et Diversité des Pathogènes Eucaryotes Emergents, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Muriel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pottier
authors.affiliation: Geneius Laboratories Ltd, INEX Business Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Noël
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, UMR CNRS 8204, Université de Lille, BioPôle d'Alfort, Biologie et Diversité des Pathogènes Eucaryotes Emergents, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Viscogliosi
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Parasitologie (EA4547), Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Lille, Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, UMR CNRS 8204, Université de Lille, BioPôle d'Alfort, Biologie et Diversité des Pathogènes Eucaryotes Emergents, Lille, France.
authors.forename: El Moukhtar
authors.initials: el M
authors.lastname: Aliouat
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, UMR CNRS 8204, Université de Lille, BioPôle d'Alfort, Biologie et Diversité des Pathogènes Eucaryotes Emergents, Lille, France; Parasitologie-Mycologie (EA4547) Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille, CHRU, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dei-Cas
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR CNRS-IRD-UM2, Université de Montpellier 2, F-34093, Montpellier, France; CIRAD-CNRS, Centre d'Infectiologie Christophe Mérieux du Laos, Vientiane, Lao PDR.
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morand
authors.affiliation: ENVA, UPEC, Research group Dynamyc, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94704, Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guillot
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000032:analysis; D014644:Genetic Variation; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D008168:Lung / Q000382:microbiology; D008521:Mediterranean Islands; D051189:Murinae / Q000382:microbiology*; D058974:Phylogeography; D011010:Pneumocystis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal
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