title: Evaluation of the effect of zoom function on lesion detection by soft-copy reading of screening mammograms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of zooming in improving screen-reader performance in reporting digital mammograms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, 5 readers were asked to report 59 two-view bilateral mammograms retrospectively with zooming function turned off. The second session was similar to the first one except that zooming was enabled. The task of readers was to assess if the mammograms were normal or abnormal and rate the confidence levels for each of the lesion they detected. The reader performances were evaluated via case sensitivity, lesion sensitivity, specificity, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) and jackknife free-response receiver operating characteristics (JAFROC) figure of merit (FOM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant improvement in overall reader performance in detecting abnormalities in zooming condition compared with no zooming in terms of case sensitivity (96% and 87%, P = 0.285) or lesion sensitivity (88% and 81%, P = 0.224). However, differences in ROC AUC and JAFROC FOM (P ≤ 0.05) were found in two readers when they performed the test set with zooming function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggested that the use of the zooming function did improve the performance of some readers in detecting abnormal cases.
authors.affiliation: Medical Image Optimization and Perception (MIOPeG), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Phuong Dung
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Trieu
authors.affiliation: Medical Image Optimization and Perception (MIOPeG), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Giuffre
authors.affiliation: Medical Image Optimization and Perception (MIOPeG), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mello-Thoms
authors.affiliation: Medical Image Optimization and Perception (MIOPeG), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Kriscia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tapia
authors.affiliation: BreastScreen NSW, Sydney South West Area Health Service, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.|Radiology Department, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Santangelo
authors.affiliation: BreastScreen NSW, Sydney South West Area Health Service, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Haewon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Imaging Partners Online, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hayter
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Glenys
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Da Costa
authors.affiliation: South Eastern Sydney Illawarra BreastScreen Service, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.|BreastScreen NSW, Northern Sydney and Central Coast Local, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Jarmila
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sterba
authors.affiliation: Medical Image Optimization and Perception (MIOPeG), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.|BreastScreen NSW, Cancer Institute NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Warwick
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003626:Data Display; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009517:New South Wales; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014584:User-Computer Interface
keywords: breast imaging; digital zooming; lesion detection; mammogram; radiologist performance