title: RcsAB is a major repressor of Yersinia biofilm development through directly acting on hmsCDE, hmsT, and hmsHFRS.
abstract: Biofilm formation in flea gut is important for flea-borne transmission of Yersinia pestis. There are enhancing factors (HmsHFRS, HmsCDE, and HmsT) and inhibiting one (HmsP) for Yersinia pestis biofilm formation. The RcsAB regulatory complex acts as a repressor of Yesinia biofilm formation, and adaptive pseudogenization of rcsA promotes Y. pestis to evolve the ability of biofilm formation in fleas. In this study, we constructed a set of isogenic strains of Y. pestis biovar Microtus, namely WT (RscB+ and RcsA-), c-rcsA (RscB+ and RcsA+), ΔrcsB (RscB- and RcsA-), and ΔrcsB/c-rcsA (RscB- and RcsA+). The phenotypic assays confirmed that RcsB alone (but not RcsA alone) had an inhibiting effect on biofilm/c-di-GMP production whereas assistance of RcsA to RcsB greatly enhanced this inhibiting effect. Further gene regulation experiments showed that RcsB in assistance of RcsA tightly bound to corresponding promoter-proximal regions to achieve transcriptional repression of hmsCDE, hmsT and hmsHFRS and, meanwhile, RcsAB positively regulated hmsP most likely in an indirect manner. Data presented here disclose that pseudogenization of rcsA leads to dramatic remodeling of RcsAB-dependent hms gene expression between Y. pestis and its progenitor Y. pseudotuberculosis, enabling potent production of Y. pestis biofilms in fleas.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China.
authors.forename: Huiying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China.
authors.forename: Haihong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China.
authors.forename: Yiquan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China.
authors.forename: Yanping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China.
authors.forename: Dongsheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China.
authors.forename: Ruifu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D018441:Biofilms; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009876:Operon; D010641:Phenotype; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D015007:Yersinia / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C062025:bis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid; D006152:Cyclic GMP
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