title: Hypogammaglobulinemia in sub-Saharan Africa: a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: Patients with hypogammaglobulinemia are susceptible to recurrent bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections. The most common clinical manifestation includes recurrent severe infections caused by encapsulated bacteria, in which antibody opsonization is the primary defense mechanism. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of hypogammaglobulinemia in a Ugandan child in Sub-Saharan Africa. The case emphasizes the importance of including hypogammaglobulinemia in the differential diagnosis for children presenting with a history of recurrent infections.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To raise the index of clinical suspicion of hypogammaglobulinemia in an African child and allow for prompt recognition and management of hypogammaglobulinemia.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Medical School, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Opoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology and BMT, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Troy C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Lund
mesh_terms: D000361:Agammaglobulinemia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007153:Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D012008:Recurrence; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination
keywords: Uganda; hypogammaglobulinemia; recurrent infections
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