title: A hybrid classifier combining Borderline-SMOTE with AIRS algorithm for estimating brain metastasis from lung cancer: a case study in Taiwan.
abstract: Classifying imbalanced data in medical informatics is challenging. Motivated by this issue, this study develops a classifier approach denoted as BSMAIRS. This approach combines borderline synthetic minority oversampling technique (BSM) and artificial immune recognition system (AIRS) as global optimization searcher with the nearest neighbor algorithm used as a local classifier. Eight electronic medical datasets collected from University of California, Irvine (UCI) machine learning repository were used to evaluate the effectiveness and to justify the performance of the proposed BSMAIRS. Comparisons with several well-known classifiers were conducted based on accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and G-mean. Statistical results concluded that BSMAIRS can be used as an efficient method to handle imbalanced class problems. To further confirm its performance, BSMAIRS was applied to real imbalanced medical data of lung cancer metastasis to the brain that were collected from National Health Insurance Research Database, Taiwan. This application can function as a supplementary tool for doctors in the early diagnosis of brain metastasis from lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: kjwang@mail.ntust.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Kung-Jeng
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Informatics Engineering, De La Salle University, Manado 95231, Indonesia. Electronic address: melaning21@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Angelia Melani
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Adrian
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: khchen@mail.ntust.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Kun-Huang
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: albert.hua@msa.hinet.net.
authors.forename: Kung-Min
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D013624:Taiwan
keywords: Artificial immune recognition system; Borderline-synthetic minority over sampling technique; Brain metastasis; Imbalance dataset; Lung cancer