title: Schizophrenia-like topological changes in the structural connectome of individuals with subclinical psychotic experiences.
abstract: Schizophrenia is often regarded as a "dysconnectivity" disorder and recent work using graph theory has been used to better characterize dysconnectivity of the structural connectome in schizophrenia. However, there are still little data on the topology of connectomes in less severe forms of the condition. Such analysis will identify topological markers of less severe disease states and provide potential predictors of further disease development. Individuals with psychotic experiences (PEs) were identified from a population-based cohort without relying on participants presenting to clinical services. Such individuals have an increased risk of developing clinically significant psychosis. 123 individuals with PEs and 125 controls were scanned with diffusion-weighted MRI. Whole-brain structural connectomes were derived and a range of global and local GT-metrics were computed. Global efficiency and density were significantly reduced in individuals with PEs. Local efficiency was reduced in a number of regions, including critical network hubs. Further analysis of functional subnetworks showed differential impairment of the default mode network. An additional analysis of pair-wise connections showed no evidence of differences in individuals with PEs. These results are consistent with previous findings in schizophrenia. Reduced efficiency in critical core hubs suggests the brains of individuals with PEs may be particularly predisposed to dysfunction. The absence of any detectable effects in pair-wise connections illustrates that, at less severe stages of psychosis, white-matter alterations are subtle and only manifest when examining network topology. This study indicates that topology could be a sensitive biomarker for early stages of psychotic illness.
authors.affiliation: Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.|Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute (NMHRI), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Drakesmith
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy and Motor Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent, Gent, Belgium.|School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Caeyenberghs
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, DeCrespigny Park, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Anirban
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dutt
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute (NMHRI), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.|Centre for Academic Mental Health, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zammit
authors.affiliation: Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: C John
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, DeCrespigny Park, London, United Kingdom.|Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reichenberg
authors.affiliation: Centre for Academic Mental Health, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.|Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Glyn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, DeCrespigny Park, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Anthony S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: David
authors.affiliation: Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.|Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute (NMHRI), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Derek K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D015331:Cohort Studies; D063132:Connectome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: ALSPAC; birth cohort; connectomics; diffusion MRI; epidemiology; graph theory; network efficiency; neuropsychiatry; psychosis; psychosis risk; psychotic experiences; schizophrenia; structural connectivity; tractography
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