title: The role of neighborhoods in shaping perceived norms: An exploration of neighborhood disorder and norms among injection drug users in Baltimore, MD.
abstract: A large literature suggests that social norms contribute to HIV and substance use related behaviors. Less attention has been given to neighborhood factors that may contribute to the development of norms about risky behaviors. We examined the cross-sectional associations between perceptions of one's neighborhood and norms of perceived prevalence of, and peer support for sex exchange and risky injection behaviors. The sample consisted of 719 people who reported injecting heroin and cocaine and did not move in the past 6 months in Baltimore, MD. Living in a neighborhood with disorder was associated with believing that others exchanged sex, practiced risky injection behaviors (descriptive norms) and approved of risky injection behavior (injunctive norms).
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health, Behavior and Society, 2213 McElderry Street, 2nd Floor, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States. Electronic address: mdavey1@jhu.edu.
authors.forename: Melissa A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Davey-Rothwell
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health, Behavior and Society, 2213 McElderry Street, 2nd Floor, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States. Electronic address: daniel.siconolfi@jhu.edu.
authors.forename: Dan E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Siconolfi
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health, Behavior and Society, 2213 McElderry Street, 2nd Floor, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States. Electronic address: ktobin2@jhu.edu.
authors.forename: Karin E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Tobin
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health, Behavior and Society, 2213 McElderry Street, 2nd Floor, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States. Electronic address: Carl.latkin@jhu.edu.
authors.forename: Carl A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Latkin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D015142:Baltimore / Q000453:epidemiology; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000635:transmission; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D066262:Social Norms; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology
keywords: Disorder; Drug use; HIV; Neighborhood; Norms
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