title: Emotional functioning: Long-term outcomes after pediatric epilepsy surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Children with epilepsy are at a high risk for developing symptoms of anxiety and depression. By improving seizure control, epilepsy surgery has the potential to improve patients' anxiety and depression symptoms. Few studies have assessed the long-term outcomes of anxiety and depressive symptoms after pediatric epilepsy surgery while using an appropriate control group. This study examined anxiety and depressive symptoms 4-11 years after surgery in surgical patients and in a control group of nonsurgical patients with pediatric-onset epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-three surgical patients with a mean age of 19.87 (standard deviation [SD] 4.46, range 10.08-28.50) and 40 nonsurgical controls with a mean age of 20.31 (SD 4.01, range 12.08-27.25) completed the study measures. Patients completed the Child Depression Inventory II/Beck Depression Inventory II and State Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children/State Trait Anxiety Inventory and parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist/Adult Behavior Checklist to assess the patients' anxiety and depressive symptoms. Baseline measurements of affective symptoms (Child Behavior Checklist) were retrieved from the patients' medical records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient-reported affective functioning was obtained at the follow-up visit only. Patient-reported depressive symptoms and state and trait anxiety were similar for both groups. Based on parent reports at follow-up, patients with seizures were found to have significantly more depressive problems and anxious/depressed symptoms, and marginally more withdrawn symptoms relative to patients without seizures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Seizure status was related to the presence of affective symptoms, irrespective of whether the patient had undergone surgery. In addition, parents and not patients reported the presence of anxiety and depressive symptoms, which indicates the importance of obtaining multiple informants to assess affective symptomatology.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.|The Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Tamara P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Tavares
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Klajdi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Puka
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.|Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Mary Lou
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010372:Pediatrics; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D057566:Self Report; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anxiety; Children; Depression; Epilepsy surgery; Outcome