title: Activation of mGluR5 Attenuates Microglial Activation and Neuronal Apoptosis in Early Brain Injury After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats.
abstract: Activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) provided neuroprotection in multiple central nervous system injury, but the roles of mGluR5 in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remain unclear. In present study, we aimed to evaluate whether activation of mGluR5 attenuates early brain injury (EBI) after experimental SAH in rats. We found that selective mGluR5 orthosteric agonist CHPG or positive allosteric modulator VU0360172 administration significantly improves neurological function and attenuates brain edema at 24 h after SAH. Furthermore, mGluR5 obviously expresses in activated microglia (ED-1 positive) after SAH. CHPG or VU0360172 administration significantly reduces the numbers of activated microglia and the protein and mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α at 24 h after SAH. Moreover, CHPG or VU0360172 administration obviously reduces the number of TUNEL-positive cells and active caspase-3/NeuN-positive neurons in cortex at 24 h after SAH. CHPG or VU0360172 administration significantly up-regulates the expression of Bcl-2, and down-regulates the expression of Bax and active caspase-3, which in turn increases the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax. Our results indicate that activation of mGluR5 attenuates microglial activation and neuronal apoptosis, and improves neurological function in EBI after SAH.
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Cerebral Microcirculation at the Universities of Shandong, Life Science Research Centre of Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271016, Shandong, China, zongyongzhanghust@163.com.
authors.forename: Zong-Yong
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Bao-Liang
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jun-Ke
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ming-Feng
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Da-Wei
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qi-Lin
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Si-Luo
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000517:prevention & control; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D017628:Microglia / Q000473:pathology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology*; D010648:Phenylacetates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D064529:Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5 / Q000378:metabolism*; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C107349:2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine; D016207:Cytokines; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; C578937:Grm5 protein, rat; D010648:Phenylacetates; D064529:Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D019938:Cyclin D1; D053148:Caspase 3; D005998:Glycine
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