title: Anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Garcinia mangostana extract in hamster opisthorchiasis.
abstract: Administration of praziquantel for treatment of liver fluke infection may affect the host, with mild and severe effects after treatment caused by host immune response. Therefore, we focused on the antioxidant property, inflammatory and anthelmintic effects of the traditional folk medicine, G. mangostana pericarp extract, in hamster opisthorchiasis. Syrian hamsters were divided into four groups: normal (control) (N); administered G. mangostana alone (GM); infected with Opisthorchis viverrini alone (OV); and infected with O. viverrini and administered G. mangostana extract for 1.5 months (OVGM). Hamster livers were collected 45 days after infection to determine histopathological changes, i.e. aggregation of inflammatory cells. The morphology of adult O. viverrini (body size and sizes of reproductive organs) was analyzed, as well as worm burden, eggs per worm and eggs per gram of feces. Toxicity was tested by kidney function (blood urea nitrogen and creatinine); the results demonstrated that G. mangostana had no renal toxic effect. ABTS radical-scavenging assay indicated that the extract had antioxidant property. Reduction in aggregation of inflammatory cells surrounding the hepatic bile duct, especially at the hilar region, was found in the OVGM group. Worm burden was similar in both infected groups (treated or untreated with G. mangostana), but the average size of adults in the OV group was larger than in the OVGM group; moreover, eggs per worm and eggs per gram of feces were also comparatively higher. The present study suggests that G. mangostana extract possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and can interfere with parasite development by affecting adult size and egg production. This may be useful for controlling the spread of OV infection and other parasites in endemic areas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Neglected, Zoonosis and Vector-Borne Disease Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Sakonnakhon Campus, Sakonnakhon 47160, Thailand.
authors.forename: Ratchadawan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aukkanimart
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Neglected, Zoonosis and Vector-Borne Disease Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. Electronic address: bthida@kku.ac.th.
authors.forename: Thidarut
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Boonmars
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Neglected, Zoonosis and Vector-Borne Disease Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Sakonnakhon Campus, Sakonnakhon 47160, Thailand.
authors.forename: Pranee
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sriraj
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Neglected, Zoonosis and Vector-Borne Disease Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Jiraporn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Songsri
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Neglected, Zoonosis and Vector-Borne Disease Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Porntip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Laummaunwai
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sakda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Waraasawapati
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Chantana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boonyarat
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Panaratana
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rattanasuwan
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sirintip
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boonjaraspinyo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000378:metabolism; D001659:Biliary Tract / Q000473:pathology; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D006224:Cricetinae; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D029762:Garcinia mangostana / Q000737:chemistry*; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008647:Mesocricetus; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009889:Opisthorchiasis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009891:Opisthorchis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010270:Parasite Egg Count; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; C002502:2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid; D003404:Creatinine
keywords: Anthelmintic; Anti-inflammatory effect; Antioxidant effect; Garcinia mangostana; Hamster; Opisthorchiasis; Opisthorchis viverrini