title: Advanced DNA- and Protein-based Methods for the Detection and Investigation of Food Allergens.
abstract: Currently, food allergies are an important health concern worldwide. The presence of undeclared allergenic ingredients or the presence of traces of allergens due to contamination during food processing poses a great health risk to sensitized individuals. Therefore, reliable analytical methods are required to detect and identify allergenic ingredients in food products. The present review addresses the recent developments regarding the application of DNA- and protein-based methods for the detection of allergenic ingredients in foods. The fitness-for-purpose of reviewed methodology will be discussed, and future trends will be highlighted. Special attention will be given to the evaluation of the potential of newly developed and promising technologies that can improve the detection and identification of allergenic ingredients in foods, such as the use of biosensors and/or nanomaterials to improve detection limits, specificity, ease of use, or to reduce the time of analysis. Such rapid food allergen test methods are required to facilitate the reliable detection of allergenic ingredients by control laboratories, to give the food industry the means to easily determine whether its product has been subjected to cross-contamination and, simultaneously, to identify how and when this cross-contamination occurred.
authors.affiliation: a International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL) , Braga , Portugal.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prado
authors.affiliation: b Department of Food Technology , Institute for Marine Research, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) , Vigo , Spain.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ortea
authors.affiliation: a International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL) , Braga , Portugal.|c 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , Taipas , Guimarães , Portugal.|d 2 ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga/Guimarães , Portugal.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vial
authors.affiliation: a International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL) , Braga , Portugal.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rivas
authors.affiliation: e Department of Analytical Chemistry , Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary Sciences/College of Biotechnology, University of Santiago de Compostela , Campus Lugo, Lugo , Spain.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Calo-Mata
authors.affiliation: e Department of Analytical Chemistry , Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary Sciences/College of Biotechnology, University of Santiago de Compostela , Campus Lugo, Lugo , Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barros-Velázquez
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D005502:Food; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D005511:Food Handling; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods; D053758:Nanoparticles; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D004247:DNA
keywords: Allergens; DNA based methods; allergen detection; biosensors; nanoparticles; proteomics; qPCR