title: Dietary docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid influence liver triacylglycerol and insulin resistance in rats fed a high-fructose diet.
abstract: This study aimed to examine the benefits of different amounts of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids from fish oil (FO) on lipid metabolism, insulin resistance and gene expression in rats fed a high-fructose diet. Male Wistar rats were separated into two groups: Control (C, n = 6) and Fructose (Fr, n = 32), the latter receiving a diet containing 63% by weight fructose for 60 days. After this period, 24 animals from Fr group were allocated to three groups: FrFO2 (n = 8) receiving 63% fructose and 2% FO plus 5% soybean oil; FrFO5 (n = 8) receiving 63% fructose and 5% FO plus 2% soybean oil; and FrFO7 (n = 8) receiving 63% fructose and 7% FO. Animals were fed these diets for 30 days. Fructose led to an increase in liver weight, hepatic and serum triacylglycerol, serum alanine aminotransferase and HOMA1-IR index. These alterations were reversed by 5% and 7% FO. FO had a dose-dependent effect on expression of genes related to hepatic β-oxidation (increased) and hepatic lipogenesis (decreased). The group receiving the highest FO amount had increased markers of oxidative stress. It is concluded that n-3 fatty acids may be able to reverse the adverse metabolic effects induced by a high fructose diet.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto SP 14 049-900, Brazil. gabriela.castro@usp.br.|Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK. gabriela.castro@usp.br.
authors.forename: Gabriela Salim
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: de Castro
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil. rdeminice@uel.br.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Deminice
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto SP 14 049-900, Brazil. livia@fmrp.usp.br.
authors.forename: Livia Maria Cordeiro
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Simões-Ambrosio
authors.affiliation: Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK. pcc@soton.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Philip C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Calder
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto SP 14 049-900, Brazil. alceu@fmrp.usp.br.
authors.forename: Alceu A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Jordão
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto SP 14 049-900, Brazil. hvannucc@fmrp.usp.br.
authors.forename: Helio
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vannucchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000009:adverse effects; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005632:Fructose / Q000009:adverse effects; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009929:Organ Size; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011897:Random Allocation; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D005395:Fish Oils; D014280:Triglycerides; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D005632:Fructose; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid
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