title: Socioeconomic status, daily affective and social experiences, and inflammation during adolescence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the relation between socioeconomic status (SES) and inflammation during adolescence and determine whether daily affective and social experiences across a 15-day period mediate this relation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adolescents (n = 316) completed daily diary reports of positive affect, negative affect, and negative social interactions for 15 days and provided whole blood spot samples for the assessment of C-reactive protein (CRP). Parents provided information on SES, including the highest level of education they and their spouses completed and household income.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lower parent education was associated with higher levels of adolescent CRP, controlling for age, sex, ethnicity, and body mass index (β = -.12, p = .031). Mean daily positive affect, negative affect, and negative social interactions were examined as potential mediators of this association. In these models, parent education was no longer associated with adolescent CRP (β = -.09, p = .12), and only positive affect was related to CRP (β = -.12, p = .025). Bootstrapping confirmed the mediating role of positive affect (indirect effect = -0.015, 95% confidence interval = -0.038 to -0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adolescents with less educated parents tended to have higher levels of CRP, which may be explained by their lower levels of positive affect. Findings suggest that a lack of positive affect may be a pathway by which SES confers early risk for poor health in adulthood. It is possible that adolescents who display positive affect during daily life in circumstances of relatively adverse socioeconomic circumstances may have better health outcomes related to lower inflammatory factors.
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Psychology (Chiang, Bower, Irwin, Fuligni) and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (Bower, Irwin, Fuligni), Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology (Bower, Irwin), David Geffen School of Medicine (Irwin), and Division of Geriatrics (Seeman), University of California, Los Angeles, California; and Department of Human Development and Family Studies (Almeida), Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Jessica J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Julienne E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Bower
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Irwin
authors.forename: Teresa E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Seeman
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Fuligni
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000339:Affect; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D012923:Social Class; D012931:Social Environment
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein
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