title: Exercise preferences, levels and quality of life in lung cancer survivors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lung cancer poses multiple challenges to adopting an exercise (EX) program, and the ideal timing of an EX program to improve quality of life (QoL) is unknown. This study explored the EX counselling and programming preferences of lung cancer survivors and examined the association of EX before diagnosis, during treatment and after treatment on QoL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional, retrospective survey design in a sample of lung cancer survivors. EX preferences were compared between patients who had received radical chest radiation or lung surgery versus those who had not. EX was measured by self-report using the Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ). Separate linear regression models, controlling for significant covariates, examined the association of EX at each time point with scores on QoL measures and subscales.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants (N = 66, M age 66.4 ± 9.1) were between 4 months and 11.5 years after lung cancer diagnosis (M = 31.7 ± 22.9 months). Patients who had lung surgery were more likely to prefer to start an EX program during adjuvant treatment than those who did not have surgery (t(33) = 2.43, p = .025). Compared to prediagnosis EX (M = 36.7 ± 56.0 MET h/week), EX levels declined significantly during (M = 12.4 ± 25.0 MET h/week) and after (M = 12.3 ± 17.4 MET h/week) treatment (p < .05). After controlling for disease stage and income, regression models were not significant, but EX after treatment was a significant individual predictor of fatigue (β = .049, p = .006) and QoL measured by the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (β = .163, p = .025).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lung cancer patient preferences indicate that EX program timing should take into account whether the patient has undergone surgery. Lung cancer survivors' EX levels declined after diagnosis and engaging in EX after treatment may improve fatigue and QoL.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. hleach@ucalgary.ca.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Leach
authors.affiliation: Medical University of the Americas, Calgary, AB, Canada. jdevonish.phd@gmail.com.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Devonish
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. Gwyn.Bebb@albertahealthservices.ca.
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Bebb
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. kakrenz@ucalgary.ca.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Krenz
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. nculosre@ucalgary.ca.|Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. nculosre@ucalgary.ca.|Department of Psychosocial Resources, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada. nculosre@ucalgary.ca.
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Culos-Reed
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005221:Fatigue / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057240:Patient Preference; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Exercise preference; Lung cancer; Physical activity; Quality of life
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