title: Maternal dietary patterns and gestational diabetes mellitus: a large prospective cohort study in China.
abstract: Few studies have explored the relationship between dietary patterns and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Evidence from non-Western areas is particularly lacking. In the present study, we aimed to examine the associations between dietary patterns and the risk of GDM in a Chinese population. A total of 3063 pregnant Chinese women from an ongoing prospective cohort study were included. Data on dietary intake were collected using a FFQ at 24-27 weeks of gestation. GDM was diagnosed using a 75 g, 2 h oral glucose tolerance test. Dietary patterns were determined by principal components factor analysis. A log-binomial regression model was used to examine the associations between dietary pattern and the risk of GDM. The analysis identified four dietary patterns: vegetable pattern; protein-rich pattern; prudent pattern; sweets and seafood pattern. Multivariate analysis showed that the highest tertile of the vegetable pattern was associated with a decreased risk of GDM (relative risk (RR) 0·79, 95% CI 0·64, 0·97), compared with the lowest tertile, whereas the highest tertile of the sweets and seafood pattern was associated with an increased risk of GDM (RR 1·23, 95% CI 1·02, 1·49). No significant association was found for either the protein-rich or the prudent pattern. The protective effect of a high vegetable pattern score was more evident among women who had a family history of diabetes (P for interaction=0·022). These findings suggest that the vegetable pattern was associated with a decreased risk of GDM, while the sweets and seafood pattern was associated with an increased risk of GDM. These findings may be useful in dietary counselling during pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University,9 Junsui Road,Tianhe District, Guangzhou510623,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jian-Rong
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University,9 Junsui Road,Tianhe District, Guangzhou510623,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ming-Yang
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University,9 Junsui Road,Tianhe District, Guangzhou510623,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Nian-Nian
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University,9 Junsui Road,Tianhe District, Guangzhou510623,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jin-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University,9 Junsui Road,Tianhe District, Guangzhou510623,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Cui-Yue
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei-Bi
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Mai
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Rui-Fang
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yong-Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University,9 Junsui Road,Tianhe District, Guangzhou510623,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University,9 Junsui Road,Tianhe District, Guangzhou510623,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ying-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University,9 Junsui Road,Tianhe District, Guangzhou510623,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wan-Qing
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University,9 Junsui Road,Tianhe District, Guangzhou510623,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University,9 Junsui Road,Tianhe District, Guangzhou510623,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hui-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University,9 Junsui Road,Tianhe District, Guangzhou510623,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qiu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002681:China; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011247:Pregnancy; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: China