title: Sex Differences of ≥ pT1 Bladder Cancer Survival in Austria: A Descriptive, Long-Term, Nation-Wide Analysis Based on 27,773 Patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In recent days, the relationship between gender, tumour stage and survival of bladder cancer has attracted interest.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Austrian cancer registry was linked to the national death statistics. All patients with urothelial cancer of the urinary bladder with stages pT1, pT2, pT3 and pT4 diagnosed between 1983 until 2012 were followed for up to 15 years. Overall and cancer-specific mortality were estimated by cumulative incidence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 27,773 patients were analysed. The male:female ratio declined from 3:1 for stage pT1-tumours (n = 16,416) to 2.6:1 for pT2 (n = 6,548), 2.1:1 for pT3 (n = 3,111) and 1.9:1 for pT4 (n = 1,698). The 5 years cumulative overall death rate for pT1 tumours was slightly lower for women (0.31 vs. 0.32; p = 0.016). The opposite was observed for more advanced tumour stages: pT2: women 0.66, men: 0.60 (p = 0.0001); pT3: women 0.76, men 0.72 (p = 0.0004) and for pT4: women 0.90, men 0.85 (p = 0.0001). Cancer-specific survival was identical for pT1-tumours in both sexes, while women had a worse cancer-specific survival in both age cohorts (<70 years and ≥70 years) with higher tumour stages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This population-based study demonstrates that (1) a rise of advanced bladder cancer stages in women and (2) that women with tumour stages >pT1 have a shorter cancer-specific and overall survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Centre of Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Wiener Neustadt, Austria.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Waldhoer
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Haidinger
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zielonke
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Madersbacher
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001317:Austria / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy