title: Further evidence of the heterogeneous nature of impulsivity.
abstract: 'Impulsivity' refers to a range of behaviours including preference for immediate reward (temporal-impulsivity) and the tendency to make premature decisions (reflection-impulsivity) and responses (motor-impulsivity). The current study aimed to examine how different behavioural and self-report measurements of impulsivity can be categorised into distinct subtypes. Exploratory factor analysis using full information maximum likelihood was conducted on 10 behavioural and 1 self-report measure of impulsivity. Four factors of impulsivity were indicated, with Factor 1 having a high loading of the Stop Signal Task, which measures motor-impulsivity, factor 2 representing reflection-impulsivity with loadings of the Information Sampling Task and Matching Familiar Figures Task, factor 3 representing the Immediate Memory Task, and finally factor 4 which represents the Delay Discounting Questionnaire and The Monetary Choice Questionnaire, measurements of temporal-impulsivity. These findings indicated that impulsivity is not a unitary construct, and instead represents a series of independent subtypes. There was evidence of a distinct reflection-impulsivity factor, providing the first factor analysis support for this subtype. There was also support for additional factors of motor- and temporal-impulsivity. The present findings indicated that a number of currently accepted tasks cannot be considered as indexing motor- and temporal-impulsivity suggesting that additional characterisations of impulsivity may be required.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK ; Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, USA.
authors.forename: Amy J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Caswell
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
authors.forename: Rod
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bond
authors.affiliation: Sussex Addiction Research and Intervention Centre (SARIC), School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
authors.forename: Theodora
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Duka
authors.affiliation: Sussex Addiction Research and Intervention Centre (SARIC), School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK ; Norwegian Center for Addiction Research, University of Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Morgan
keywords: BIS-11, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale; DDT, Delay Discounting Task; Factor analysis; GNG, Go/NoGo Task; Human; IMT, Immediate Memory Task; ISTfw, Information Sampling Task (fixed win condition); ISTrc, Information Sampling Task (reward conflict condition); Impulsivity; Inhibitory control; Laboratory measures; MCQ, Monetary Choice Questionnaire; MFF20, Matching Familiar Figures Task; MI, motor-impulsivity; Motor impulsivity; RI, reflection-impulsivity; Reflection impulsivity; SKIP, Single Key Impulsivity Paradigm; SST, Stop Signal Task; TCIP, Two Choice Impulsivity Paradigm; TI, temporal-impulsivity; Temporal impulsivity
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