title: Management of low-risk and intermediate-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma.
abstract: Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer is a highly recurrent disease. The health care costs for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer are a major burden for society. Bladder cancer treatment starts with a presumed complete transurethral resection of a bladder tumor. Despite international guidelines for perioperative and/or adjuvant intravesical instillation therapy in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, adequate worldwide application is lacking. In patients who do get adjuvant intravesical instillations, recurrences are still frequent. New therapies in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer are unsatisfactory and still experimental.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, RadboudUMC, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Yme
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Weijers
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, RadboudUMC, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Harm C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Arentsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, RadboudUMC, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Tom J H
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Arends
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, RadboudUMC, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands. Electronic address: fred.witjes@radboudumc.nl.
authors.forename: J Alfred
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Witjes
mesh_terms: D019468:Disease Management; D018450:Disease Progression; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: Intermediate risk; Low risk; Non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer; Risk groups; Treatment