title: Cartilage Thickness and Cyst Volume Are Unchanged 10 Years After Periacetabular Osteotomy in Patients Without Hip Symptoms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) may affect cartilage thickness and cyst volume in patients with hip dysplasia. However, as no studies randomizing patients to either PAO or conservative treatment have been performed, to our knowledge, it is unknown if PAO directly affects the development or progression of osteoarthritis in patients with hip dysplasia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated (1) changes of cartilage thickness in the hip after PAO; (2) how many patients had subchondral bone cysts in the acetabulum or femoral head; (3) changes in cyst volume; and (4) patients' hip function and pain after PAO.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective study, 26 patients (22 women and four men) with hip dysplasia were enrolled with the goal of having MRI of the hip before undergoing PAO and again at 1, 2½, and 10 years after PAO. Of the 26 patients, 17 (65%) underwent complete followup 10 years after PAO, whereas nine could not be included. Of those nine, three had undergone THA, three had substantial hip symptoms, and three were lost to followup. Thickness of acetabular and femoral cartilage and volume of subchondral bone cysts were estimated in the remaining 17 patients. Ten years postoperatively, the patients' Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Scores (HOOS) were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperatively, the mean thickness of the acetabular cartilage was 1.38±0.14 mm compared with 1.43±0.07 mm 10 years postoperatively (p=0.73). The mean thickness of the femoral cartilage preoperatively was 1.37±0.20 mm compared with 1.30±0.07 mm 10 years postoperatively (p=0.24). Seven patients had an increase in cyst volume, six had a decrease, and four had no cysts to start with and remained without cysts. Preoperatively, the median total cyst volume per patient was 6.0 cm3 (range, 1.6-188.3 cm3) compared with 2.9 cm3 (range, 0.7-8.2 cm3) (p=0.18) at 10 years followup. At 10 years, the mean subscores for the HOOS were: pain, 79±16; symptoms, 73±17; activities of daily living, 85±14; sport/recreation, 68±22; and quality of life, 61±19.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ten years after PAO, approximately 25% of the patients who have the procedure will have substantial hip pain and/or undergo hip arthroplasty. Of the patients who do not have substantial hip pain or an arthroplasty, cartilage thickness appears to be preserved. Future studies are needed to help us decide which patients are most likely to succeed with PAO at long-term followup.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level II, therapeutic study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage Hansens Gade 2, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark, Inger.mechlenburg@au.dk.
authors.forename: Inger
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mechlenburg
authors.forename: Jens Randel
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Nyengaard
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gelineck
authors.forename: Kjeld
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Soballe
mesh_terms: D000077:Acetabulum / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; D001845:Bone Cysts / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006617:Hip Dislocation / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015207:Osteoarthritis, Hip / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012086:Reoperation; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
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