title: Dietary Polyphenols Promote Growth of the Gut Bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila and Attenuate High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome.
abstract: Dietary polyphenols protect against metabolic syndrome, despite limited absorption and digestion, raising questions about their mechanism of action. We hypothesized that one mechanism may involve the gut microbiota. To test this hypothesis, C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) containing 1% Concord grape polyphenols (GP). Relative to vehicle controls, GP attenuated several effects of HFD feeding, including weight gain, adiposity, serum inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]α, interleukin [IL]-6, and lipopolysaccharide), and glucose intolerance. GP lowered intestinal expression of inflammatory markers (TNFα, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase) and a gene for glucose absorption (Glut2). GP increased intestinal expression of genes involved in barrier function (occludin) and limiting triglyceride storage (fasting-induced adipocyte factor). GP also increased intestinal gene expression of proglucagon, a precursor of proteins that promote insulin production and gut barrier integrity. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantitative PCR of cecal and fecal samples demonstrated that GP dramatically increased the growth of Akkermansia muciniphila and decreased the proportion of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, consistent with prior reports that similar changes in microbial community structure can protect from diet-induced obesity and metabolic disease. These data suggest that GP act in the intestine to modify gut microbial community structure, resulting in lower intestinal and systemic inflammation and improved metabolic outcomes. The gut microbiota may thus provide the missing link in the mechanism of action of poorly absorbed dietary polyphenols.
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ Nutrasorb, LLC, North Brunswick, NJ roopchand@aesop.rutgers.edu raskin@aesop.rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: Diana E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Roopchand
authors.affiliation: G.W. Hooper Research Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Rachel N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Carmody
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kuhn
authors.affiliation: Nutrasorb, LLC, North Brunswick, NJ.
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moskal
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ.
authors.forename: Patricio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rojas-Silva
authors.affiliation: G.W. Hooper Research Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Turnbaugh
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ roopchand@aesop.rutgers.edu raskin@aesop.rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: Ilya
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Raskin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology; D051379:Mice; D064307:Microbiota / Q000187:drug effects; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061327:Verrucomicrobia / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D059808:Polyphenols
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