title: The antisaccade task: visual distractors elicit a location-independent planning 'cost'.
abstract: The presentation of a remote - but not proximal - distractor concurrent with target onset increases prosaccade reaction times (RT) (i.e., the remote distractor effect: RDE). The competitive integration model asserts that the RDE represents the time required to resolve the conflict for a common saccade threshold between target- and distractor-related saccade generating commands in the superior colliculus. To our knowledge however, no previous research has examined whether remote and proximal distractors differentially influence antisaccade RTs. This represents a notable question because antisaccades require decoupling of the spatial relations between stimulus and response (SR) and therefore provide a basis for determining whether the sensory- and/or motor-related features of a distractor influence response planning. Participants completed pro- and antisaccades in a target-only condition and conditions wherein the target was concurrently presented with a proximal or remote distractor. As expected, prosaccade RTs elicited a reliable RDE. In contrast, antisaccade RTs were increased independent of the distractor's spatial location and the magnitude of the effect was comparable across each distractor location. Thus, distractor-related antisaccade RT costs are not accounted for by a competitive integration between conflicting saccade generating commands. Instead, we propose that a visual distractor increases uncertainty related to the evocation of the response-selection rule necessary for decoupling SR relations.
authors.affiliation: School of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Jesse C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: DeSimone
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Psychology, Robarts Research Institute, and Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Everling
authors.affiliation: School of Kinesiology and Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heath
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001288:Attention; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011930:Reaction Time; D012438:Saccades; D013850:Thinking; D055815:Young Adult
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