title: The Effect of Essential Oils and Bioactive Fractions on Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans Biofilms: A Confocal Analysis.
abstract: The essential oils (EO) and bioactive fractions (BF) from Aloysia gratissima, Baccharis dracunculifolia, Coriandrum sativum, Cyperus articulatus, and Lippia sidoides were proven to have strong antimicrobial activity on planktonic microorganisms; however, little is known about their effects on the morphology or viability of oral biofilms. Previously, we determined the EO/fractions with the best antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Candida spp. In this report, we used a confocal analysis to investigate the effect of these EO and BF on the morphology of S. mutans biofilms (thickness, biovolume, and architecture) and on the metabolic viability of C. albicans biofilms. The analysis of intact treated S. mutans biofilms showed no statistical difference for thickness in all groups compared to the control. However, a significant reduction in the biovolume of extracellular polysaccharides and bacteria was observed for A. gratissima and L. sidoides groups, indicating that these BF disrupt biofilm integrity and may have created porosity in the biofilm. This phenomenon could potentially result in a weakened structure and affect biofilm dynamics. Finally, C. sativum EO drastically affected C. albicans viability when compared to the control. These results highlight the promising antimicrobial activity of these plant species and support future translational research on the treatment of dental caries and oral candidiasis.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology, Anesthesiology and Therapeutics, Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, 13414-903 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Irlan Almeida
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Freires
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bueno-Silva
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology, Anesthesiology and Therapeutics, Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, 13414-903 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lívia Câmara de Carvalho
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Galvão
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture, University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marta Cristina Teixeira
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture, University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adilson
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sartoratto
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture, University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Glyn Mara
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Figueira
authors.affiliation: Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food and Nutrition, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Severino Matias
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: de Alencar
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology, Anesthesiology and Therapeutics, Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, 13414-903 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pedro Luiz
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Rosalen
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