title: Transcription factor decoy: a pre-transcriptional approach for gene downregulation purpose in cancer.
abstract: Gene therapy as a therapeutic approach has been the dream for many scientists around the globe. Many strategies have been proposed and applied for this purpose, yet the void for a functional safe method is still apparent. Since most of the diseases are caused by undesirable upregulation (oncogenes) or downregulation (tumor suppressor genes) of genes, major gene therapy's techniques affect gene expression. Most of the methods are used in post-transcriptional level such as RNA inhibitory (RNAi) and splice-switching oligonucleotides (SSOs). RNAi blocks messenger RNA (mRNA) translation by mRNA degradation or interruption between attachments of mRNA with ribosomes' subunits. However, one of the novel methods is the usage of transcription factor targeted decoys. DNA decoys are the new generation of functional gene downregulatory oligonucleotides which compete with specific binding sites of transcription factors. Considering the exponential growth of this technique in both in vitro and in vivo studies, in this paper, we aim to line out the description, design, and application of decoys in research and therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, 1997775555, Tehran, Iran, a.hoseini.rad@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Seyed Mohammad Ali Hosseini
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Rad
authors.forename: Lida
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Langroudi
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kouhkan
authors.forename: Laleh
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yazdani
authors.forename: Alireza Nouri
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Koupaee
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asgharpour
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shojaei
authors.forename: Taravat
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bamdad
authors.forename: Ehsan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arefian
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006801:Humans; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy*; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D034622:RNA Interference; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors
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