title: Early Head CT Findings Are Associated With Outcomes After Pediatric Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Head CT after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is often obtained to evaluate intracranial pathology. Among children admitted to the PICU following pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, we hypothesized that loss of gray-white matter differentiation and basilar cistern and sulcal effacement are associated with mortality and unfavorable neurologic outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single, tertiary-care center PICU.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-eight patients less than 18 years old who survived out-of-hospital cardiac arrest to PICU admission and had a head CT within 24 hours of return of spontaneous circulation were evaluated from July 2005 through May 2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median time to head CT from return of spontaneous circulation was 3.3 hours (1.0, 6.0). Median patient age was 2.3 years (0.4, 9.5). Thirty-nine patients (50%) survived, of whom 29 (74%) had favorable neurologic outcome. Nonsurvivors were more likely than survivors to have 1) loss of gray-white matter differentiation (Hounsfield unit ratios, 0.96 [0.88, 1.07] vs 1.1 [1.07, 1.2]; p < 0.001), 2) basilar cistern effacement (93% vs 7%; p = 0.001; positive predictive value, 94%; negative predictive value, 59%), and 3) sulcal effacement (100% vs 0%; p ≤ 0.001; positive predictive value, 100%; negative predictive value, 68%). All patients with poor gray-white matter differentiation or sulcal effacement had unfavorable neurologic outcomes. Only one patient with basilar cistern effacement had favorable outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Loss of gray-white matter differentiation and basilar cistern effacement and sulcal effacement are associated with poor outcome after pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Select patients may have favorable outcomes despite these findings.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA. 2Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA. 3Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA. 4Department of Neurology, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA. 5Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA. 6Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Rebecca M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Starling
authors.forename: Karuna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shekdar
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Licht
authors.forename: Vinay M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Nadkarni
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Alexis A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Topjian
mesh_terms: D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D066128:Gray Matter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D058687:Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D066127:White Matter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
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