title: Nasal immunization with M cell-targeting ligand-conjugated ApxIIA toxin fragment induces protective immunity against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection in a murine model.
abstract: Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia and severe economic loss in the swine industry has been caused by the infection. Therefore, the development of an effective vaccine against the bacteria is necessary. ApxII toxin, among several virulence factors expressed by the bacteria, is considered to be a promising vaccine candidate because ApxII toxin not only accompanies cytotoxic and hemolytic activities, but is also expressed in all 15 serotypes of bacteria except serotypes 10 and 14. In this study, we identified the peptide ligand capable of targeting the ligand-conjugated ApxIIA #5 fragment antigen to nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue. It was found that nasal immunization with ligand-conjugated ApxIIA #5 induced efficient mucosal and systemic immune responses measured at the levels of antigen-specific antibodies, cytokine-secreting cells after antigen exposure, and antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation. More importantly, the nasal immunization induced protective immunity against nasal challenge infection of the bacteria, which was confirmed by histopathological studies and bacterial clearance after challenge infection. Collectively, we confirmed that the ligand capable of targeting the ligand-conjugated antigen to nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue can be used as an effective nasal vaccine adjuvant to induce protective immunity against A. pleuropneumoniae infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and the Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jisang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and the Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Weon
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and the Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sae-Hae
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and the Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ha-Yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bumseok
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chae Woong
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Jeonbuk Provincial Office, National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, Jeonju 561-202, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Han Sang
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and the Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: yongsuk@jbnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Yong-Suk
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Jang
mesh_terms: D000189:Actinobacillus Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D016977:Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D007114:Immunization / Q000662:veterinary*; D051379:Mice; D011001:Pleuropneumonia / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D001428:Bacterial Vaccines
keywords: Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; M cell; Nasal immunization; Vaccine