title: Selective loss of younger erythrocytes from blood circulation and changes in erythropoietic patterns in bone marrow and spleen in mouse anemia induced by poly-dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes.
abstract: Administration of poly-dispersed acid-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (AF-SWCNTs, 10 µg intravenously on alternate days) induced a sustained anemia in mice. Using a modified double in vivo biotinylation (DIB) technique, blood counts of reticulocytes and erythrocytes of different age groups were simultaneously enumerated in control and AF-SWCNT treated mice. A sustained reticulocytosis was observed in AF-SWCNT treated mice. Young erythrocytes (up to 7 days old) that are normally resistant to elimination in control mice were eliminated at a significant rate in AF-SWCNT treated mice. Old erythrocytes, however, accumulated in circulation indicating that younger erythrocytes were selectively eliminated from the blood circulation of AF-SWCNT treated mice. Cells representing various stages of erythroid differentiation in bone marrow and spleen were enumerated flow cytometrically by double staining with anti-Ter119 and anti-transferrin receptor (CD71) monoclonal antibodies. Proportion of erythroid cells was significantly reduced (up to 27%) in bone marrow (BM) indicating a fall in erythropoietic activity. A concomitant increase in the spleen erythroid population was however observed that could be a compensatory response. Changes in erythroid populations in bone marrow and spleen correlated with changes in erythroblast-A population in these organs that represent an early stage of erythroid differentiation. Uptake of intravenously administered fluorescence tagged AF-SWCNTs (FAF-SWCNTs) was relatively low (3-4%) in erythroid cells in bone marrow and spleen. A significantly higher proportion of pro-erythroblasts and erythroblast-A (early stages of erythroid differentiation) took-up FAF-SWCNTs. Uptake of AF-SWCNTs by early precursors of erythroid differentiation with toxic consequences may be a contributing factor in AF-SWCNT induced anemia.
authors.affiliation: a School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi , India and.
authors.forename: Nitin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bhardwaj
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University , New Delhi , India.
authors.forename: Rajiv K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Saxena
mesh_terms: D000740:Anemia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D004920:Erythropoiesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D051379:Mice; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000633:toxicity*; D012156:Reticulocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon
keywords: Anemia; DIB technique; erythropoiesis; flow cytometry; reticulocytes