title: Cardiovascular effects of fingolimod: Relevance, detection and approach.
abstract: Fingolimod, a structural analogue of sphingosine, is the first oral treatment available for multiple sclerosis. The presence of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors in the sinus and atrioventricular nodes, myocardial cells, endothelial cells and arterial smooth muscle cells is responsible for fingolimod's cardiovascular effects. We provide a comprehensive review of the mechanisms of these effects and characterize their clinical relevance.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, Hospital Santa Cruz, CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal. Electronic address: ctaguiar@sapo.pt.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aguiar
authors.affiliation: Multiple Sclerosis Outpatient Clinic, Coimbra University, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Sónia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Batista
authors.affiliation: Medical Department, Novartis Farma S.A., Porto Salvo, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pacheco
mesh_terms: D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000187:drug effects*; D000068876:Fingolimod Hydrochloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D000068876:Fingolimod Hydrochloride
keywords: Atrioventricular block; Bloqueio auriculoventricular; Bradicardia; Bradycardia; Esclerose múltipla; Fingolimod; Frequência cardíaca; Heart rate; Multiple sclerosis