title: Transcriptome analysis of post-hatch breast muscle in legacy and modern broiler chickens reveals enrichment of several regulators of myogenic growth.
abstract: Agriculture provides excellent model systems for understanding how selective pressure, as applied by humans, can affect the genomes of plants and animals. One such system is modern poultry breeding in which intensive genetic selection has been applied for meat production in the domesticated chicken. As a result, modern meat-type chickens (broilers) exhibit enhanced growth, especially of the skeletal muscle, relative to their legacy counterparts. Comparative studies of modern and legacy broiler chickens provide an opportunity to identify genes and pathways affected by this human-directed evolution. This study used RNA-seq to compare the transcriptomes of a modern and a legacy broiler line to identify differentially enriched genes in the breast muscle at days 6 and 21 post-hatch. Among the 15,945 genes analyzed, 10,841 were expressed at greater than 0.1 RPKM. At day 6 post-hatch 189 genes, including several regulators of myogenic growth and development, were differentially enriched between the two lines. The transcriptional profiles between lines at day 21 post-hatch identify 193 genes differentially enriched and still include genes associated with myogenic growth. This study identified differentially enriched genes that regulate myogenic growth and differentiation between the modern and legacy broiler lines. Specifically, differences in the ratios of several positive (IGF1, IGF1R, WFIKKN2) and negative (MSTN, ACE) myogenic growth regulators may help explain the differences underlying the enhanced growth characteristics of the modern broilers.
authors.affiliation: Dept. Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716, United States of America.
authors.forename: Richard V N
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, United States of America.
authors.forename: Susan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lamont
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, United States of America.
authors.forename: Max F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Rothschild
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, United States of America.
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Persia
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, United States of America.
authors.forename: Chris M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ashwell
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716, United States of America.
authors.forename: Carl J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002645:Chickens; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D024510:Muscle Development / Q000235:genetics*; D010058:Oviposition; D010369:Pectoralis Muscles / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger
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