title: Short Communication: Increase of HIV-1 K103N Transmitted Drug Resistance and Its Association with Efavirenz Use in South Korea.
abstract: Previous studies reported a relatively low prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) in South Korea (<5%). A genotypic resistance test was performed on 131 treatment-naive HIV-1-infected individuals from February 2013 to February 2014. Eleven individuals (8.4%) presented TDR, of whom eight had K103N, revealing a significant increase in K103N TDR compared to previous studies (p<0.001). Using phylogenetic analysis, we identified three distinct clustering pairs with genetic relativeness and a total of five independent strains among the eight K103N cases. Our findings suggest that multiple sources of K103N occurred, most likely as a consequence of increased efavirenz use in South Korea.
authors.affiliation: 1Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bum Sik
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.affiliation: 1Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyoung-Shik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: 1Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Gayeon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
authors.forename: Gabriel A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gianella
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.|3Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California.
authors.forename: Davey M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000480:Alkynes; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D048588:Benzoxazines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000235:genetics*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D010802:Phylogeny; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D000480:Alkynes; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D048588:Benzoxazines; D003521:Cyclopropanes; C514824:reverse transcriptase, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; C098320:efavirenz
references.citation: Ann Intern Med. 2001 Mar 20;134(6):440-50
references.pmid: 11255519
references.citation: AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2003 Nov;19(11):1039-43
references.pmid: 14686324
references.citation: BMC Infect Dis. 2014;14:407
references.pmid: 25047543
references.citation: J Antimicrob Chemother. 2014 Jul;69(7):1742-7
references.pmid: 24603962
references.citation: AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2014 Mar;30(3):225-32
references.pmid: 24059291
references.citation: PLoS One. 2014;9(2):e89291
references.pmid: 24586665
references.citation: AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2014 Feb;30(2):160-4
references.pmid: 23800338
references.citation: BMC Infect Dis. 2013;13:509
references.pmid: 24171696
references.citation: Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Jan;58(2):285-94
references.pmid: 24145874
references.citation: AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2013 Dec;29(12):1617-20
references.pmid: 23952717
references.citation: J Int AIDS Soc. 2013;16:18519
references.pmid: 24093951
references.citation: AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2013 Oct;29(10):1306-9
references.pmid: 23731270
references.citation: AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2013 Feb;29(2):329-36
references.pmid: 22906365
references.citation: Lancet. 2012 Oct 6;380(9849):1250-8
references.pmid: 22828485
references.citation: Lancet Infect Dis. 2012 Apr;12(4):307-17
references.pmid: 22036233
references.citation: HIV Med. 2012 Apr;13(4):202-6
references.pmid: 22093289
references.citation: AIDS Rev. 2012 Jan-Mar;14(1):17-27
references.pmid: 22297501
references.citation: Lancet Infect Dis. 2011 May;11(5):363-71
references.pmid: 21354861
references.citation: PLoS One. 2010;5(10):e12718
references.pmid: 20949104
references.citation: AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2010 Feb;26(2):217-21
references.pmid: 20156103
references.citation: AIDS. 2010 Jan 16;24(2):271-82
references.pmid: 20010072
references.citation: Antivir Ther. 2009;14(7):995-1000
references.pmid: 19918103
references.citation: PLoS One. 2009;4(3):e4724
references.pmid: 19266092
references.citation: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008 Nov 1;49(3):237-42
references.pmid: 18845957
references.citation: AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2008 Jan;24(1):83-5
references.pmid: 18275351
references.citation: Clin Infect Dis. 2005 Jul 15;41(2):233-5
references.pmid: 15983921
references.citation: AIDS. 1997 Jul 15;11(9):1184-6
references.pmid: 9233468
references.citation: AIDS Rev. 2003 Jul-Sep;5(3):140-55
references.pmid: 14598563