title: [Amphibians in Spanish popular medicine and the pharmacopoeia of Pliny and Dioscorides].
abstract: This article presents a list of medical remedies based on the use of amphibians in Spanish popular medicine and in the classical world. It provides an overview of bibliography relative to folklore studies, ethnographic work and research on social or medical anthropology. It documents a total of 113 remedies and the use of nine species of amphibians, two from the family of caudates (urodeles) and seven anurans. Most of these remedies are based on the popular "preconception" about the influence of amphibians and healing by transmitting an illness to a living creature. The traditional use of certain threatened species is emphasized, an issue to bear in mind in decision-making in the field of conservation biology and environmental education.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Terapéutica Médico-Quirúrgica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, España, joseramonvallejo@unex.es.
authors.forename: José Ramón
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Vallejo
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, España, ja.gonzalez@usal.es.
authors.forename: José Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: González
mesh_terms: D000663:Amphibians; D000818:Animals; D049669:History, 16th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D049690:History, Ancient; D008519:Medicine, Traditional / Q000266:history*; D010602:Pharmacopoeias as Topic / Q000266:history*; D013030:Spain