title: Comparison of placebo and intrauterine lidocaine with/or without rectal diclofenac sodium suppositories used in office endometrial biopsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of intrauterine lidocaine, intrauterine lidocaine plus rectal diclofenac, and a placebo on analgesia and to determine the satisfaction of patients and surgeons in cases of endometrial biopsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun,Turkey, from April 2013 to January 2014, and comprised patients scheduled for in-office endometrial biopsy.They were divided into three groups: Group P, 5ml of 0.9% saline intrauterine; Group L, 5ml of 2% lidocaine intrauterine; and Group LD, 5ml of 2% lidocaine intrauterine ± 10min before the procedure plus 50mg of rectal diclofenac sodium. Haemodynamic changes and visual analogue scale scores were recorded during the preoperative period, when the cervix was grasped with a tenaculum, immediately after intrauterine instillation, during uterine curettage and at postoperative 10 min. The patient and the surgeon were questioned about their satisfaction 15 min after the procedure. SPSS 21 was used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 90 patients in the study were divided into three equal groups of 30(33.33%) each. There were no statistically significant inter-group differences in age, bodyweight, parity, number of postmenopausal patients, haemodynamic parameters and American Society of Anesthesiologists scores (p>0.05 in all categories). In Group P, the visual analogue scale score estimated when the cervix was grasped with the tenaculum was lower when compared with Group L and Group LD (p=0.029 and p=0.007, respectively). At other measurement time points, the scores did not differ between the groups. The groups did not differ with respect to patient and surgeon satisfaction and complication rates (p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intrauterine lidocaine or intrauterine lidocaine plus rectal diclofenac application had no effect on visual analogue scale scores, patient satisfaction and vasovagal reaction.
authors.forename: Cengiz
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.forename: Elif Bengi
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Sener
authors.forename: Ersin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Koksal
authors.forename: Yasemin Burcu
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Ustun
authors.forename: Handan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.forename: Ali Haydar
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Sahinoglu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004717:Endometrium / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010919:Placebos; D012007:Rectum; D013488:Suppositories; D014421:Turkey; D014591:Uterine Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D014599:Uterus
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D010919:Placebos; D013488:Suppositories; D004008:Diclofenac; D008012:Lidocaine