title: Inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing effects of Newcastle disease virus strain AF2240 on mammary carcinoma cell line.
abstract: Breast cancer is the malignant tumour that developed from cells of the breast and is the first leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are the available treatments for breast cancer, but these were reported to have side effects. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) known as Avian paramyxovirus type-1 (APMV1) belongs to the genus Avulavirus in a family Paramyxoviridae. NDV is shown to be a promising anticancer agent, killing tumour cells while sparing normal cells unharmed. In this study, the oncolytic and cytotoxic activities of NDV AF2240 strain were evaluated on MDA-MB-231, human mammary carcinoma cell line, using MTT assay, and its inhibitory effects were further studied using proliferation and migration assays. Morphological and apoptotic-inducing effects of NDV on MD-MB-231 cells were observed using phase contrast and fluorescence microscopes. Detection of DNA fragmentation was done following terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferase-mediated Br-dUTP nick end labeling staining (TUNEL) assay, which confirmed that the mode of death was through apoptosis and was quantified by flow cytometry. Furthermore, analysis of cellular DNA content demonstrated that the virus caused an increase in the sub-G1 phase (apoptotic peak) of the cell cycle. It appears that NDV AF2240 strain is a potent anticancer agent that induced apoptosis in time-dependent manner.
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory of Anatomy & Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia ; Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Bauchi State University, PMB 65, Gadau, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Umar
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3216-5171
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory of Anatomy & Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ismaila
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2570-2864
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Yong Yoke
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Keong
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nizar
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4050-1948
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abd Manan
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Fauziah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Othman
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000821:virology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004249:DNA Damage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000502:physiology*
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