title: miR-709 up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma, promotes proliferation and invasion by targeting GPC5.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers and is a significant leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Emerging evidence has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with cancer development and progression. However, up to now little has been known concerning the role of miR-709 in HCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Real-time RT-PCR was performed to detect expression of miR-709 in HCC cell lines and tissues. To further understand its role in HCC, we restored its expression in HepG2 cell line through transfection with miR-709 mimics or inhibitors. CCK-8 proliferation assay, migration assay and invasion assay were used to detect functional roles of miR-709. Luciferase assay and western blotting were performed to detect the target gene of miR-709.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that miR-709 was highly expressed in HCC tissues and in HCC cell lines by qRT-PCR. Re-expression of miR-709 in HCC cells remarkably promoted cell migration and invasiveness in vitro. Subsequent investigation revealed that glypican-5 (GPC5) was a direct and functional target of miR-709 in HCC cells where overexpression of miR-709 impaired GPC5-induced inhibition of proliferation and invasion. Finally, analysis of miR-709 and GPC5 levels in human HCC tissues revealed that miR-709 inversely correlated with GPC5 expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that miR-709 may positively regulate invasion and metastasis of HCC through targeting GPC5.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, China.
authors.forename: Tonggang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xuezhong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Kaihui
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sha
authors.forename: Xianxian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Liguo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Bangmao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D053673:Glypicans / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018716:Molecular Mimicry; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: C106228:GPC5 protein, human; D053673:Glypicans; D035683:MicroRNAs; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D008156:Luciferases
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