title: Nonradiation ERCP with endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy plus papillary balloon dilation for the treatment of choledocholithiasis during pregnancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is currently the treatment of choice for symptomatic choledocholithiasis in pregnant patients. We aimed to present our experience with pregnant patients who underwent nonradiation ERCP and to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a new technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of nonradiation ERCP in 22 pregnant patients with symptomatic choledocholithiasis between January 2002 and December 2013 was performed. The bile aspiration technique with wire-guided sphincterotome was used to confirm selective biliary cannulation. Transpapillary pancreatic septotomy was performed in cases with difficult biliary cannulation (n = 3). After endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy, endoscopic papillary balloon dilation was performed with a 6- or 8-mm dilation balloon in all patients to reduce the risk of recurrent cholangitis because of residual or additional stones. Stones were extracted by balloon sweeping after dilation. All patients were followed for 6 months after the ERCP procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Biliary cannulation was achieved in all patients. Endoscopic papillary balloon dilation was performed with a 6-mm balloon in 17 patients and an 8-mm balloon in five patients. The stones were extracted in 18 of the 22 patients by balloon sweeping, but no stones were extracted in the remaining four patients. There were two cases of mild post-ERCP pancreatitis. All patients delivered at term, and none experienced recurrence of choledocholithiasis and/or cholangitis during the 6-month follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy plus endoscopic papillary balloon dilation in nonradiation ERCP is a safe and effective treatment method for symptomatic choledocholithiasis during pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Section of Gastroenterology, Ege University School of Medicine, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey. galipersoz@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Galip
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ersoz
authors.affiliation: Section of Gastroenterology, Ege University School of Medicine, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey. ilkerturan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ilker
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Turan
authors.affiliation: Section of Gastroenterology, Ege University School of Medicine, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tekin
authors.affiliation: Section of Gastroenterology, Ege University School of Medicine, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ozutemiz
authors.affiliation: Section of Gastroenterology, Ege University School of Medicine, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Oktay
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tekesin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D042883:Choledocholithiasis / Q000628:therapy*; D004106:Dilatation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016717:Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Choledocholithiasis; ERCP; Endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy; Endoscopic papillary balloon dilation; Pregnancy
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