title: Emergence of multireassortant bluetongue virus serotype 4 in Hungary.
abstract: The genome sequence and the phylogenetic relationships of a serotype 4 bluetongue virus (BTV-4) emerged during 2014 in Hungary are described in this study. Genome segment 2 encoding the major neutralization antigen, VP2, shared moderate sequence similarity (nt, ⩽ 94.3%) with the corresponding gene of contemporary and historic homotypic bluetongue viruses, whereas genome segments S1, S4, S5, S7-S10 were typically more closely related to the cognate genes of heterotypic isolates. Importantly, in many gene phylogenies the Hungarian BTV-4 strain showed genetic relationship to BTV strains identified in outbreaks in the western Mediterranean basin. Our results indicate the identified Hungarian bluetongue virus strain evolved through reassortment involving multiple genome segments from various heterotypic bluetongue viruses.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Ákos
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Hornyák
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Péter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.affiliation: Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Szilvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marton
authors.affiliation: Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Renáta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dóró
authors.affiliation: Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cadar
authors.affiliation: Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: bkrota@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Krisztián
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bányai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001819:Bluetongue / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D001820:Bluetongue virus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D021821:Communicable Diseases, Emerging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006814:Hungary / Q000453:epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D016865:Reassortant Viruses; D065288:Serogroup
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: Bluetongue; Outbreak; Phylogenetic analysis; Reassortment; Recombination; Semiconductor sequencing