title: The role of relational binding in item memory: evidence from face recognition in a case of developmental amnesia.
abstract: Current theories state that the hippocampus is responsible for the formation of memory representations regarding relations, whereas extrahippocampal cortical regions support representations for single items. However, findings of impaired item memory in hippocampal amnesics suggest a more nuanced role for the hippocampus in item memory. The hippocampus may be necessary when the item elements need to be bound within and across episodes to form a lasting representation that can be used flexibly. The current investigation was designed to test this hypothesis in face recognition. H.C., an individual who developed with a compromised hippocampal system, and control participants incidentally studied individual faces that either varied in presentation viewpoint across study repetitions or remained in a fixed viewpoint across the study repetitions. Eye movements were recorded during encoding and participants then completed a surprise recognition memory test. H.C. demonstrated altered face viewing during encoding. Although the overall number of fixations made by H.C. was not significantly different from that of controls, the distribution of her viewing was primarily directed to the eye region. Critically, H.C. was significantly impaired in her ability to subsequently recognize faces studied from variable viewpoints, but demonstrated spared performance in recognizing faces she encoded from a fixed viewpoint, implicating a relationship between eye movement behavior in the service of a hippocampal binding function. These findings suggest that a compromised hippocampal system disrupts the ability to bind item features within and across study repetitions, ultimately disrupting recognition when it requires access to flexible relational representations.
authors.affiliation: Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada, rolsen@research.baycrest.org.
authors.forename: Rosanna K
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2918-4152
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.affiliation: Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada.
authors.forename: Yunjo
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8094-3006
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kube
authors.affiliation: Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada, Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada.
authors.forename: R Shayna
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Rosenbaum
authors.affiliation: Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada.
authors.forename: Cheryl L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Grady
authors.affiliation: Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada, and.
authors.forename: Morris
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moscovitch
authors.affiliation: Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada.
authors.forename: Jennifer D
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9244-7851
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ryan
mesh_terms: D000647:Amnesia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology; D005145:Face; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011930:Reaction Time; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: amnesic; eye movements; faces; hippocampus; memory; viewpoint
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