title: The LXR inverse agonist SR9238 suppresses fibrosis in a model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. There are currently no targeted therapies for NASH. We developed a liver-specific LXR inverse agonist, SR9238, which effectively reduces hepatic lipogenesis in models of obesity and hepatic steatosis. We hypothesized that suppression of lipogenesis, which is pathologically elevated in NASH may suppress progression of hepatic steatosis to NASH.
  
  
  METHODS
  NASH was induced in B6 V-lep (ob)/J (ob/ob) mice using a custom complete rodent diet (HTF) containing high amounts of trans-fat, fructose, and cholesterol. Once NASH was induced, mice were treated with SR9238 for one month by i.p. injection. Plasma lipid levels and liver health were analyzed by clinical chemistry. QPCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry were used to assess disease severity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ob/ob mice are obese and diabetic thus they are commonly used as models for the study of metabolic diseases. These mice quickly developed the NASH phenotype when provided the HTF diet. The mice develop hepatic steatosis, severe hepatic inflammation and fibrosis on the HTF diet. Treatment with SR9238 significantly reduced the severity of hepatic steatosis and most importantly reduced hepatic inflammation and ameliorated hepatic fibrosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Here, we demonstrate that an LXR inverse agonist, SR9238, is effective in reduction of hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis in an animal model of NASH. These results have important implications for the development of therapeutics for treatment NASH in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacological & Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Kristine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Griffett
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacological & Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Welch
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacological & Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Colin A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Flaveny
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Grant R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Kolar
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Brent A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Neuschwander-Tetri
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacological & Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Burris
keywords: Fibrosis; HTF, high trans-fat diet; Inflammation; LXR; LXR, Liver-X-Receptor; Lipogenesis; NASH; NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; NR, nuclear receptor
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