title: Impact of Kidney Disease on Survival in Neonatal Extracorporeal Life Support.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prevalence and survival to discharge of neonates with kidney disease who received extracorporeal life support.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization international registry of neonates (< 30 d old) who received extracorporeal life support from 1989 to 2012. We used International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification, codes to identify neonates with kidney disease at time of cannulation for extracorporeal life support.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participating Extracorporeal Life Support Organization centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  All neonates who received extracorporeal life support at an Extracorporeal Life Support Organization center from 1989 to 2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed bivariate logistic regression to estimate associations between survival and covariates. We used unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression to compare survival to discharge between neonates with and without kidney disease. Odds ratios were estimated separately for three groups based on extracorporeal life support indication: pulmonary indication without congenital diaphragmatic hernia, pulmonary indication with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and cardiac indication. Adjusted models included covariates identified as significant in bivariate models for each group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The primary outcome measure was survival to discharge from hospitalization. Of the 28,755 neonates who received extracorporeal life support, 405 had kidney disease (extracorporeal life support indication: 210 pulmonary indication without congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 65 pulmonary indication with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and 130 cardiac indication). Survival was lower in neonates with kidney disease than those without (49% vs 82% pulmonary indication without congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 25% vs 51% pulmonary indication with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 21% vs 41% cardiac indication). Kidney disease was associated with reduced survival in adjusted models (95% CI for odds ratio 0.31-0.59 pulmonary indication without congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 0.27-0.89 pulmonary indication with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 0.31-0.77 cardiac indication).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neonates with kidney disease who receive extracorporeal life support have poorer survival to discharge compared with other neonates who receive extracorporeal life support, suggesting that kidney disease should be considered when making extracorporeal life support initiation decisions.
authors.affiliation: 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI. 2Children's Core for Biomedical Statistics, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA. 3Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA. 4Division of Nephrology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA. 5Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA. 6Division of Critical Care, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wightman
authors.forename: Miranda C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bradford
authors.forename: Jordan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Symons
authors.forename: Thomas V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Brogan
mesh_terms: D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D065630:Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000151:congenital / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D008020:Life Support Care; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D012042:Registries; D017582:Renal Replacement Therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate
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