title: Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin twice daily versus once daily in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin: a 16-week, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with a glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level ≥7 and ≤10% were randomized to receive empagliflozin 12.5 mg twice daily (n = 219), 25 mg once daily (n = 218), 5 mg twice daily (n = 219) or 10 mg once daily (n = 220), or placebo (n = 107) as add-on to stable-dose metformin immediate release (IR) twice daily for 16 weeks. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in HbA1c at week 16. At week 16, change from baseline in HbA1c with empagliflozin twice daily was non-inferior to empagliflozin once daily and vice versa. The adjusted mean (95% confidence interval) difference in change from baseline in HbA1c with empagliflozin 12.5 mg twice daily versus 25 mg once daily was -0.11% (-0.26, 0.03), and with empagliflozin 5 mg twice daily versus 10 mg once daily it was -0.02% (-0.16, 0.13). All empagliflozin regimens were well tolerated; thus, when used as add-on to metformin IR in patients with T2DM, the therapeutic effect of empagliflozin twice-daily and once-daily regimens can be considered equivalent.
authors.affiliation: LMC Endocrinology Centres, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.affiliation: Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thamer
authors.affiliation: Boehringer Ingelheim France S.A.S., Reims, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cescutti
authors.affiliation: Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meinicke
authors.affiliation: Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Ingelheim, Germany.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Woerle
authors.affiliation: Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Ingelheim, Germany.
authors.forename: U C
authors.initials: UC
authors.lastname: Broedl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005960:Glucosides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008687:Metformin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D005960:Glucosides; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008687:Metformin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human; C570240:empagliflozin
keywords: empagliflozin; glycaemic control; metformin; once daily; twice daily