title: Nurse teacher models in clinical education from the perspective of student nurses--A mixed method study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to describe and compare the clinical teacher's role in different models of clinical practice from the perspective of student nurses.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study took place in collaboration with two Swedish universities that applied different educational models in clinical practice. A mixed method approach was used. The quantitative part had a comparative design and the qualitative part had a descriptive design.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group consisted of 114 student nurses (response rate 87%). Fifty-three of them had met clinical teachers employed at the university and not participating in the daily clinical work (University Nurse Teachers, UNTs), whilst 61 had met clinical teachers dividing their time between teaching and nursing (Clinical Nurse Teachers, CNTs). Eight students participated in the qualitative part of the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire including the CLES+T scale was used to ascertain the students' perception of the clinical teacher's role, complemented by interviews directed towards an enrichment of this perception.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Students meeting CNTs agreed more strongly than those meeting UNTs that the teacher had the ability to help them integrate theory and practice. Whilst spontaneous meetings between students and CNTs occurred, students mostly met UNTs in seminars. Students meeting UNTs felt alone but did appreciate having someone outside the clinical environment to provide support if they did not get along with their preceptor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the case of UNTs, it is important that they keep their knowledge of clinical issues updated and visit the clinical placement not only for seminars but also to give students emotional support. In the case of CNTs, it is important that they are members of the faculty at the university, take part in the planning of the clinical courses and are able to explain the learning goals to the students.
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden. Electronic address: margareta.gustafsson@oru.se.
authors.forename: Margareta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
authors.affiliation: School of Health, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden.
authors.forename: Agneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kullén Engström
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ohlsson
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Learning, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden; School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalens University, Västerås, Sweden.
authors.forename: Annelie J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sundler
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.
authors.forename: Birgitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bisholt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004508:Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate; D005181:Faculty, Nursing; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017145:Models, Educational; D009720:Nurse Clinicians / Q000523:psychology; D015402:Nursing Education Research; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D013338:Students, Nursing / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Clinical education; Mixed methods; Nurse teacher; Nursing education; Student nurse; Triangulation