title: Effect of acid hydrolysis on regenerated kenaf core membrane produced using aqueous alkaline-urea systems.
abstract: Bleached kenaf core pulps (BKC) were hydrolyzed in H2SO4 (0.5M) at different time (0min to 90min) at room temperature. After the hydrolysis process, the viscosity average molecular weight (Mŋ) for BKC sample has reduced from 14.5×10(4) to 2.55×10(4). The hydrolyzed BKC was then dissolved in NaOH:urea:water and in LiOH:urea:water mixed solvent at the ratio of 7:12:81 and 4.6:15:80.4, respectively. The increased in hydrolysis time has decreased Mŋ of cellulose leading to easy dissolution process. Higher porosity and transparency with lower crystallinity index (CrI) of regenerated membrane produced can be achieved as the Mŋ reduced. The properties of membrane were observed through FESEM, UV-vis spectrophotometer and XRD. This study has proven that acid hydrolysis has reduced the Mŋ of cellulose, thus, enhanced the properties of regenerated membrane produced with assisted by alkaline/urea system.
authors.affiliation: Bioresource & Biorefinery Laboratory, School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Farah Nadia Mohammad
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Padzil
authors.affiliation: Bioresource & Biorefinery Laboratory, School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: szakaria@ukm.edu.my.
authors.forename: Sarani
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zakaria
authors.affiliation: Bioresource & Biorefinery Laboratory, School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Chin Hua
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chia
authors.affiliation: Bioresource & Biorefinery Laboratory, School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Sharifah Nabihah Syed
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Jaafar
authors.affiliation: Bioresource & Biorefinery Laboratory, School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hatika
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaco
authors.affiliation: Bioresource & Biorefinery Laboratory, School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Sinyee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.affiliation: Bioresource & Biorefinery Laboratory, School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Peivun
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ng
mesh_terms: D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D003460:Crystallization; D031584:Hibiscus / Q000737:chemistry*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D018020:Lithium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D008970:Molecular Weight; D016062:Porosity; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D013464:Sulfuric Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014508:Urea / Q000737:chemistry*; D014783:Viscosity; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D018020:Lithium Compounds; D013464:Sulfuric Acids; D014867:Water; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; D014508:Urea; D002482:Cellulose; C028467:lithium hydroxide; C033158:sulfuric acid
keywords: Cellulose membrane; Crystallinity index; Solubility; Sulphuric acid; Ubbelohde viscometer; Viscosity average molecular weight