title: Association of thyroid diseases with primary extra-thyroidal malignancies in women: results of a cross-sectional study of 6,386 patients.
abstract: We here analyzed the prevalence of extra-thyroidal malignancies (EM) in 6,386 female patients affected by different thyroid disease (TD). At first, an age-matched analysis of EM in all patients was performed. We then evaluated EM prevalence in four TD diagnostic categories: non-nodular TD (n = 2,159); solitary nodule (n = 905); multinodular TD (n = 2,871); differentiated thyroid cancers (n = 451). Finally, patients were grouped based on the absence (n = 3,820) or presence of anti-thyroglobulin (TgAb) and/or anti-thyroperoxidase (TPOAb) (n = 2,369), or anti-Thyroid Stmulating Hormone (TSH) receptor autoantibodies (n = 197). A total of 673 EM were recorded. EM prevalence in TD patients was higher compared to the general population (Odds Ratio, OR 3.21) and the most frequent EM was breast cancer (OR 3.94), followed by colorectal (OR 2.18), melanoma (OR 6.71), hematological (OR 8.57), uterus (OR 2.52), kidney (OR 3.40) and ovary (OR 2.62) neoplasms. Age-matched analysis demonstrated that the risk of EM was maximal at age 0-44 yr (OR 11.28), remaining lower, but significantly higher that in the general population, in the 45-59 and 60-74 year age range. Breast and hematological malignancies showed an increased OR in all TD, while other cancers associated with specific TD. An increased OR for melanoma, breast and hematological malignancies was observed in both TPOAb and/or TgAb autoantibody negative and positive patients, while colorectal, uterus, kidney and ovary cancers showed an increased OR only in thyroid autoantibody negative patients. In conclusions, women affected by both benign and malignant TD, especially at a younger age and in absence of thyroid autoimmunity, have an increased risk of developing primary EM, thus requiring a careful follow-up and surveillance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Prinzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sorrenti
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Enke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Baldini
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Corrado
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Vito
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tuccilli
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Catania
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Carmela
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coccaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bianchini
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nesca
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grani
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Renzo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mocini
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Antoni
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimino
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: D'Armiento
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ulisse
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies
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