title: Maxillary Three-Implant Overdentures Opposing Mandibular Two-Implant Overdentures: 10-Year Surgical Outcomes of a Randomized Controlled Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The surgical placement of four maxillary implants for overdentures may not be obligatory when opposing mandibular two-implant overdentures.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine 10-year surgical outcomes and implant success of three narrow diameter implants in edentulous maxillae with conventional loading.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty participants with mandibular two-implant overdentures were randomly allocated for surgery for maxillary overdentures. Using osteotomes, three implants of similar systems were placed with a one-stage procedure and 12-week loading with splinted and unsplinted prosthodontic designs. Marginal bone and stability measurements were done at surgery, 12 weeks, 1-, 2-, 5-, 7-, 10 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred seventeen implants were placed in 39 participants, with 35 being seen at 1 year; 29 at 2 years; 28 at 5 years; 26 at 7 years; and 23 (59%) at 10 years. Marginal bone loss was 1.35 mm between surgery and 12 weeks; 0.36 mm between 12 weeks and 1 year; 0.48 mm between 1 and 5 years; and 0.22 mm between 5 and 10 years. Implant stability quotients were 56.05, 57.54, 60.88, 58.80, 61.17 at surgery, 12 weeks, 1 year, 5 years, and 10 years. Four-field tables by implant showed success rates of 82% at 1 year; 69.2% at 2 years; 66.7% at 5 years; 61.5% at 7 years; 51.3% at 10 years. Data showed no differences between surgical technique, systems, or prosthodontic designs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical placement with osteotomes of three narrow diameter implants for maxillary overdentures, opposing mandibular two-implant overdentures, is an acceptable approach, subject to strict patient selection. Implant success is independent of prosthodontic design.
authors.affiliation: Oral Implantology Research Group, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Sunyoung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Oral Implantology Research Group, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tawse-Smith
authors.affiliation: Oral Implantology Research Group, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Rohana K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: De Silva
authors.affiliation: Oral Implantology Research Group, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Momen A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Atieh
authors.affiliation: Prosthetic Section, RAK Dental Centre, Ministry of Health, Ras Al-Khaimah, UAE.
authors.forename: Nabeel H M
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Alsabeeha
authors.affiliation: Private Practice, Whangarei, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Alan G T
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Payne
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D003828:Denture, Overlay; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery; D009066:Mouth, Edentulous / Q000601:surgery; D011475:Prosthesis Failure
keywords: conventional loading; implant success; maxillary implant overdentures