title: Radionuclide imaging of neurohormonal system of the heart.
abstract: Heart failure is one of the growing causes of death especially in developed countries due to longer life expectancy. Although many pharmacological and instrumental therapeutic approaches have been introduced for prevention and treatment of heart failure, there are still limitations and challenges. Nuclear cardiology has experienced rapid growth in the last few decades, in particular the application of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET), which allow non-invasive functional assessment of cardiac condition including neurohormonal systems involved in heart failure; its application has dramatically improved the capacity for fundamental research and clinical diagnosis. In this article, we review the current status of applying radionuclide technology in non-invasive imaging of neurohormonal system in the heart, especially focusing on the tracers that are currently available. A short discussion about disadvantages and perspectives is also included.
authors.affiliation: 1. Devision of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany. ; 2. Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Xinyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: 1. Devision of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany. ; 2. Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Rudolf A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.affiliation: 3. Devision of Nuclear Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Mehrbod S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Javadi
authors.affiliation: 1. Devision of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maya
authors.affiliation: 4. Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Decker
authors.affiliation: 1. Devision of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Constantin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lapa
authors.affiliation: 1. Devision of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.affiliation: 1. Devision of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany. ; 2. Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Higuchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055426:Cardiac-Gated Single-Photon Emission Computer-Assisted Tomography; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A / Q000378:metabolism; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A
keywords: Heart failure; PET; SPECT; cardiac neurohormonal system; nuclear cardiology; radiotracer.
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