title: Consensus Paper: Neuroimmune Mechanisms of Cerebellar Ataxias.
abstract: In the last few years, a lot of publications suggested that disabling cerebellar ataxias may develop through immune-mediated mechanisms. In this consensus paper, we discuss the clinical features of the main described immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias and address their presumed pathogenesis. Immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias include cerebellar ataxia associated with anti-GAD antibodies, the cerebellar type of Hashimoto's encephalopathy, primary autoimmune cerebellar ataxia, gluten ataxia, Miller Fisher syndrome, ataxia associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, and paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. Humoral mechanisms, cell-mediated immunity, inflammation, and vascular injuries contribute to the cerebellar deficits in immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Education, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan. mitoma@tokyo-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mitoma
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College, 138 A J C Bose Road, Kolkata, 700014, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Keya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Adhikari
authors.affiliation: Matrix Biology &Tissue Repair Research Unit, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aeschlimann
authors.affiliation: Department of General Medicine, College of Medicine & Sagore Dutta Hospital, 578 B T Road, Kamarhati-Kolkata, 700056, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Partha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chattopadhyay
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Neurosciences, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Marios
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hadjivassiliou
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republication, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
authors.forename: Christiane S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Hampe
authors.affiliation: University Lyon 1, University Lyon, Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372, Lyon Cedex 08, France.|INSERM, UMR-S1028, CNRS, UMR-5292, Neuro-Oncology and Neuro-Inflammation Team, 7, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372, Lyon Cedex 08, France.|National Reference Centre for Paraneoplastic Neurological Diseases, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, 69677, Bron, France.|Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neuro-oncology, Hôpital Neurologique, 69677, Bron, France.
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Honnorat
authors.affiliation: University Lyon 1, University Lyon, Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372, Lyon Cedex 08, France.|INSERM, UMR-S1028, CNRS, UMR-5292, Neuro-Oncology and Neuro-Inflammation Team, 7, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372, Lyon Cedex 08, France.
authors.forename: Bastien
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Joubert
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kakei
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Jongho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Unité d'Etude du Mouvement, FNRS, Neurologie ULB-Erasme, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manto
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsunaga
authors.affiliation: National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidehiro
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mizusawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nanri
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Neurosciences, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Priya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shanmugarajah
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing and Social Welfare Sciences, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoneda
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yuki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002524:Cerebellar Ataxia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005983:Glutens / Q000378:metabolism; D050031:Hashimoto Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D005983:Glutens
keywords: Anti-GAD antibodies; Cerebellar ataxias; Gluten ataxia; Hashimoto’s encephalopathy; Miller Fisher syndrome; Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration; Primary autoimmune cerebellar ataxia; Systemic lupus erythematosus
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