title: Vector analysis of astigmatism correction after toric intraocular lens implantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine astigmatic changes by vector analysis and postoperative refractive and visual outcomes after implantation of the monofocal aspheric bitoric AT Torbi 709M toric intraocular lens (IOL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Three centers in Salzburg, Austria, and Alicante and San Sebastián, Spain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective interventional case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, subjective and objective refractions, and corneal radii using a topographer were examined in all patients. All patients had postoperative examinations within the first week and at 6 to 12 weeks. Astigmatic changes were evaluated using the Alpins vector method based on 3 fundamental vectors as follows: target induced astigmatism (TIA), surgically induced astigmatism (SIA), and difference vector. The various relationships between these 3 vectors were calculated, providing an extensive description of the astigmatic correction achieved.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-eight eyes (71 patients) were included. Postoperatively, refractive cylinder was reduced significantly (P < .001), concurrent with visual improvement. The mean magnitude of the SIA vector (2.54 diopters [D] ± 1.21 [SD]) was slightly higher than the mean magnitude of the TIA vector (2.37 ± 1.15 D) at the last follow-up. The mean difference vector was 0.46 ± 0.46 D, the mean magnitude of error was 0.16 ± 0.46 D, and the mean correction index was 1.09 ± 0.21, all indicating minimal overcorrection at 3 months that remained stable during the follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implantation of the toric IOL was safe and effective for the treatment of eyes with cataract in combination with preexisting regular corneal astigmatism over a short-term follow-up.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Ophthalmology (Krall, Arlt, Hohensinn, Moussa, Jell, Grabner, Dexl), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; the Division of Ophthalmology (Alió, Plaza-Puche), Vissum Corporation, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, and the Ophthalmology Service (Bascaran, Mendicute), Donostia Hospital, San Sebastián, Spain.
authors.forename: Eva M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Krall
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Ophthalmology (Krall, Arlt, Hohensinn, Moussa, Jell, Grabner, Dexl), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; the Division of Ophthalmology (Alió, Plaza-Puche), Vissum Corporation, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, and the Ophthalmology Service (Bascaran, Mendicute), Donostia Hospital, San Sebastián, Spain.
authors.forename: Eva M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Arlt
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Ophthalmology (Krall, Arlt, Hohensinn, Moussa, Jell, Grabner, Dexl), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; the Division of Ophthalmology (Alió, Plaza-Puche), Vissum Corporation, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, and the Ophthalmology Service (Bascaran, Mendicute), Donostia Hospital, San Sebastián, Spain.
authors.forename: Melchior
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hohensinn
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Ophthalmology (Krall, Arlt, Hohensinn, Moussa, Jell, Grabner, Dexl), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; the Division of Ophthalmology (Alió, Plaza-Puche), Vissum Corporation, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, and the Ophthalmology Service (Bascaran, Mendicute), Donostia Hospital, San Sebastián, Spain.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moussa
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Ophthalmology (Krall, Arlt, Hohensinn, Moussa, Jell, Grabner, Dexl), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; the Division of Ophthalmology (Alió, Plaza-Puche), Vissum Corporation, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, and the Ophthalmology Service (Bascaran, Mendicute), Donostia Hospital, San Sebastián, Spain.
authors.forename: Gerlinde
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jell
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Ophthalmology (Krall, Arlt, Hohensinn, Moussa, Jell, Grabner, Dexl), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; the Division of Ophthalmology (Alió, Plaza-Puche), Vissum Corporation, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, and the Ophthalmology Service (Bascaran, Mendicute), Donostia Hospital, San Sebastián, Spain.
authors.forename: Jorge L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Alió
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Ophthalmology (Krall, Arlt, Hohensinn, Moussa, Jell, Grabner, Dexl), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; the Division of Ophthalmology (Alió, Plaza-Puche), Vissum Corporation, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, and the Ophthalmology Service (Bascaran, Mendicute), Donostia Hospital, San Sebastián, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Plaza-Puche
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Ophthalmology (Krall, Arlt, Hohensinn, Moussa, Jell, Grabner, Dexl), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; the Division of Ophthalmology (Alió, Plaza-Puche), Vissum Corporation, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, and the Ophthalmology Service (Bascaran, Mendicute), Donostia Hospital, San Sebastián, Spain.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bascaran
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Ophthalmology (Krall, Arlt, Hohensinn, Moussa, Jell, Grabner, Dexl), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; the Division of Ophthalmology (Alió, Plaza-Puche), Vissum Corporation, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, and the Ophthalmology Service (Bascaran, Mendicute), Donostia Hospital, San Sebastián, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mendicute
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Ophthalmology (Krall, Arlt, Hohensinn, Moussa, Jell, Grabner, Dexl), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; the Division of Ophthalmology (Alió, Plaza-Puche), Vissum Corporation, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, and the Ophthalmology Service (Bascaran, Mendicute), Donostia Hospital, San Sebastián, Spain.
authors.forename: Günther
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grabner
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Ophthalmology (Krall, Arlt, Hohensinn, Moussa, Jell, Grabner, Dexl), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; the Division of Ophthalmology (Alió, Plaza-Puche), Vissum Corporation, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, and the Ophthalmology Service (Bascaran, Mendicute), Donostia Hospital, San Sebastián, Spain. Electronic address: a.dexl@salk.at.
authors.forename: Alois K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Dexl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001251:Astigmatism / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D002386:Cataract / Q000503:physiopathology; D019781:Corneal Topography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018918:Phacoemulsification; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D019591:Pseudophakia / Q000503:physiopathology; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology