title: Cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation effects on saccade adaptation.
abstract: Saccade adaptation is a cerebellar-mediated type of motor learning in which the oculomotor system is exposed to repetitive errors. Different types of saccade adaptations are thought to involve distinct underlying cerebellar mechanisms. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) induces changes in neuronal excitability in a polarity-specific manner and offers a modulatory, noninvasive, functional insight into the learning aspects of different brain regions. We aimed to modulate the cerebellar influence on saccade gains during adaptation using tDCS. Subjects performed an inward (n = 10) or outward (n = 10) saccade adaptation experiment (25% intrasaccadic target step) while receiving 1.5 mA of anodal cerebellar tDCS delivered by a small contact electrode. Compared to sham stimulation, tDCS increased learning of saccadic inward adaptation but did not affect learning of outward adaptation. This may imply that plasticity mechanisms in the cerebellum are different between inward and outward adaptation. TDCS could have influenced specific cerebellar areas that contribute to inward but not outward adaptation. We conclude that tDCS can be used as a neuromodulatory technique to alter cerebellar oculomotor output, arguably by engaging wider cerebellar areas and increasing the available resources for learning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1705-004X
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Avila
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jos N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: van der Geest
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kengne Kamga
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: M Claire
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Verhage
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel.
authors.forename: Opher
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Donchin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands ; Erasmus University College, 3011 HP Rotterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Maarten A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Frens
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000328:Adult; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012438:Saccades; D065908:Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation; D055815:Young Adult
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