title: Forces and straw cutting performance of double disc furrow opener in no-till paddy soil.
abstract: Conservation tillage is an energy efficient and low cost tillage system to improve soil environment compared with conventional tillage systems. However, the rice residue management becomes an "impossible to achieve" task due to high soil moisture content at harvest time and the thickness of rice straw. Disc type furrow openers are used for both seed drilling as well as straw cutting during no tillage sowing. A study was conducted to evaluate the draft requirement and straw cutting performances of different sized furrow openers in no-till paddy soil conditions. Double disc furrow opener was tested on an in-field traction bench for three working depths, i.e. 30, 60 and 90 mm, and three forwarding speeds, i.e. 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 m/s. The draft and vertical forces on the disc were recorded with load cells. These sensors were connected to a data acquisition system developed with hardware and software. The results revealed that the size of the furrow opener, operating depth and the forwarding speed had significant effects (P<0.05) on the horizontal and vertical forces, and the straw cutting performance. Mean values of the draft were 648.9, 737.2 and 784.6 N for the opener with diameters of 330, 450 and 600 mm respectively, and the vertical forces for similar openers were 904.7, 1553.9 and 1620.4 N, respectively. Furthermore, the mean straw cutting efficiencies for the double disc opener with diameters of 330, 450 and 600 mm were 39.36, 78.47 and 65.46%, respectively. The opener with 450 mm diameter provided higher straw cutting efficiency as compared to 600 mm diameter disc, while lowest straw cutting efficiency was observed with 330 mm diameter disc. The 450 mm diameter opener provided the highest straw cutting efficiency (88.6%) at 90 mm working depth and expressed optimum performance compared with other furrow openers.
authors.affiliation: College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210031, P.R. China; College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakeriya University, Multan, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Fiaz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210031, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ding
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weimin
authors.affiliation: College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210031, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ding
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Qishuo
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakeriya University, Multan, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Mubshar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey; Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Khawar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jabran
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002681:China; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000254:growth & development; D004867:Equipment Design; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D012275:Oryza / Q000254:growth & development; D012987:Soil
chemical_list: D012987:Soil
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