title: The effects of lycopene on DNA damage and oxidative stress on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lycopene, the main antioxidant compound present in tomatoes, has high singlet oxygen- and peroxyl radicals-quenching ability, resulting in protection against oxidative damage in aerobic cell. Indomethacin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and can promote oxidative damage in gastric tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of lycopene on an indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 42 adult male Wistar rats were divided into six groups of seven animals as follows: control, indomethacin, lansoprazole, lycopene 10 mg/kg, lycopene 50 mg/kg and lycopene 100 mg/kg. Gastric ulcers were induced by oral administration of indomethacin, after which the differing doses of lycopene were administered by oral gavage. The efficacy of lycopene was compared with lansoprazole. DNA damage of lymphocytes was measured by comet assay. Activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and myeloperoxidase, as well as malondialdehyde and glutathione levels were determined in stomach tissue. This tissue was also taken for pathological investigations. The TUNEL method was used to detect apoptotic cells in paraffin sections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that 100 mg/kg lycopene administration significantly decreased % Tail DNA and Mean Tail Moment in the gastric ulcer group, compared with the other treatment groups. This same dose of lycopene also significantly decreased high malondialdehyde level and myeloperoxidase activity, and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes (with the exception of catalase) in tissue. Apoptosis rates in the stomachs of the rats correlated with the biochemical and histopathological findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicated that lycopene might have a protective effect against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer and oxidative stress in rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey. Electronic address: mboyacioglu@adu.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boyacioglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cavit
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kum
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sekkin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hande Sultan
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Yalinkilinc
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hamdi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Avci
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Erkmen Tugrul
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Epikmen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Umit
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Karademir
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000633:toxicity; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000633:toxicity*; D000077276:Lycopene; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000975:Antioxidants; D002338:Carotenoids; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D009195:Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione; D000077276:Lycopene; D007213:Indomethacin
keywords: Comet assay; Gastric ulcer; Indomethacin; Lycopene; Oxidant/antioxidant parameters; Pathology