title: Facile biofunctionalization of silver nanoparticles for enhanced antibacterial properties, endotoxin removal, and biofilm control.
abstract: Infectious diseases cause a huge burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Pathogenic bacteria establish infection by developing antibiotic resistance and modulating the host's immune system, whereas opportunistic pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa adapt to adverse conditions owing to their ability to form biofilms. In the present study, silver nanoparticles were biofunctionalized with polymyxin B, an antibacterial peptide using a facile method. The biofunctionalized nanoparticles (polymyxin B-capped silver nanoparticles, PBSNPs) were assessed for antibacterial activity against multiple drug-resistant clinical strain Vibrio fluvialis and nosocomial pathogen P. aeruginosa. The results of antibacterial assay revealed that PBSNPs had an approximately 3-fold higher effect than the citrate-capped nanoparticles (CSNPs). Morphological damage to the cell membrane was followed by scanning electron microscopy, testifying PBSNPs to be more potent in controlling the bacterial growth as compared with CSNPs. The bactericidal effect of PBSNPs was further confirmed by Live/Dead staining assays. Apart from the antibacterial activity, the biofunctionalized nanoparticles were found to resist biofilm formation. Electroplating of PBSNPs onto stainless steel surgical blades retained the antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa. Further, the affinity of polymyxin for endotoxin was exploited for its removal using PBSNPs. It was found that the prepared nanoparticles removed 97% of the endotoxin from the solution. Such multifarious uses of metal nanoparticles are an attractive means of enhancing the potency of antimicrobial agents to control infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
authors.forename: Paramesh Ramulu
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Lambadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
authors.forename: Tarun Kumar
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
authors.forename: Piyush
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Centre of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
authors.forename: Priyanka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vasnani
authors.affiliation: Centre of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
authors.forename: Sitaramanjaneya Mouli
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Thalluri
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
authors.forename: Neha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bisht
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India ; Centre of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
authors.forename: Ranjana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pathania
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India ; Centre of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
authors.forename: Naveen Kumar
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Navani
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004731:Endotoxins; D012834:Silver
keywords: biofilm inhibition; biofunctionalization; endotoxin removal; nosocomial pathogen; polymyxin B; silver nanoparticles
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