title: Cardiovascular and Perceptual Responses to an Ultraendurance Channel Swim: A Case Study.
abstract: Ultraendurance open water swimming presents unique physiological challenges. This case study aimed to describe cardiovascular and perceptual responses during a successful solo channel swim. Investigators followed a female swimmer's Catalina Channel (32.2 km) crossing, monitoring water temperature (T(water)) and air temperature (T(air)), distance remaining (DR), average velocity, and heart rate (HR(swim)) at regular intervals. Every 24 minutes, the swimmer reported perceived pain (on a scale of 0-10), rating of perceived exertion (RPE [scale of 6-20]), perceived thermal sensation (scale 0-8), and thirst (scale 1-9). Data are presented as mean ± SD where applicable. The participant finished in 9 hours, 2 minutes, and 48 seconds; T(water) averaged 19.1 ± 0.4ºC, and T(air) averaged 18.6 ± 0.9ºC. Her HR(swim) ranged from 148 to 155 beats/min, and thermal sensation ranged from 3 to 4. Pain inconsistently varied from 0 to 5 during the swim. The RPE remained between 12 and 14 for the first 8 hours, but increased dramatically near the end (reaching 18). Thirst sensation steadily increased throughout the swim, again reaching maximal values on completion. Physiologically and statistically significant correlations existed between thirst and DR (r = -0.905), RPE and HR(swim) (r = 0.741), RPE and DR (r = -0.694), and pain and DR (r = -0.671). The primary findings were that, despite fluctuations in perceptual stressors, the swimmer maintained a consistent exercise intensity as indicated by HR(swim); and during ultraendurance swimming, pain, RPE, and thirst positively correlated with distance swum. We hope these findings aid in the preparation and performance of future athletes by providing information on what swimmers may expect during an ultraendurance attempt and by increasing the understanding of physiological and perceptual responses during open water swimming.
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Center for Sport Performance, California State University, Fullerton, CA. Electronic address: dan.judelson@nike.com.
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Judelson
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Center for Sport Performance, California State University, Fullerton, CA.
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Bagley
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Center for Sport Performance, California State University, Fullerton, CA.
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Schumacher
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Center for Sport Performance, California State University, Fullerton, CA.
authors.forename: Lenny D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Wiersma
mesh_terms: D002140:California; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D010465:Perception; D010807:Physical Endurance; D013550:Swimming; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: exercise heart rate; female; open water; rating of perceived exertion