title: Identifying the association of contrast enhancement with vascular endothelia growth factor expression in anaplastic gliomas: a volumetric magnetic resonance imaging analysis.
abstract: Contrast enhancement is a crucial radiologic feature of malignant brain tumors, which are associated with genetic changes of the tumor. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the potential relationship among tumor contrast enhancement with MR imaging, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, and survival outcome in anaplastic gliomas. MR images from 240 patients with histologically confirmed anaplastic gliomas were retrospectively analyzed. The volumes of T2 hyperintense, contrast enhanced regions and necrotic regions on postcontrast T1-weighted images were measured. The ratio of the enhanced volume to necrotic volume was compared between patients with high versus low levels of VEGF expression and was further used in the survival analysis. The volumetric ratio of enhancement to necrosis was significantly higher in patients with low VEGF expression than in those with high VEGF expression (Mann-Whitney, p = 0.009). In addition, the enhancement/necrosis ratio was identified as a significant predictor of progression-free survival (Cox regression model, p = 0.004) and overall survival (Cox regression model, p = 0.006) in the multivariate analysis. These results suggest that the volumetric ratio of enhancement to necrosis could serve as a noninvasive radiographic marker associated with VEGF expression and that this ratio is an independent predictor for progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with anaplastic gliomas.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yinyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hongming
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jiangfei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
references.citation: PLoS One. 2014;9(4):e94871
references.pmid: 24755548
references.citation: J Neurooncol. 2011 Sep;104(2):523-7
references.pmid: 21191630
references.citation: Acta Neuropathol. 2013 May;125(5):683-98
references.pmid: 23429996
references.citation: Yonsei Med J. 2013 Jan 1;54(1):123-30
references.pmid: 23225808
references.citation: J Magn Reson Imaging. 2003 Oct;18(4):467-77
references.pmid: 14508784
references.citation: Brain Tumor Pathol. 2014 Jul;31(3):162-71
references.pmid: 24202294
references.citation: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2012 Aug;33(7):1349-55
references.pmid: 22322613
references.citation: Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2009 May;34(5):406-11
references.pmid: 19483288
references.citation: Neuro Oncol. 2014 Jan;16(2):280-91
references.pmid: 24305704
references.citation: Neuro Oncol. 2013 Oct;15(10):1278-88
references.pmid: 23935154
references.citation: J Neurosurg. 1989 Oct;71(4):487-93
references.pmid: 2552044
references.citation: Cancer. 2003 Feb 15;97(4):1063-71
references.pmid: 12569607
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2009 Dec 10;27(35):5861-2
references.pmid: 19901101
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1998 Feb 23;140(4):947-59
references.pmid: 9472045
references.citation: Neuroradiology. 2014 May;56(5):405-12
references.pmid: 24626721
references.citation: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1997 Jul 15;38(5):911-4
references.pmid: 9276354
references.citation: Neurosurgery. 1994 Apr;34(4):577-82; discussion 582
references.pmid: 8008153
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2012 Jul 15;18(14):3924-33
references.pmid: 22611027
references.citation: Cancer Res. 1997 Feb 15;57(4):765-72
references.pmid: 9044858
references.citation: Neurosurgery. 2012 Jan;70(1):234-43; discussion 243-4
references.pmid: 21593697
references.citation: J Neurosurg. 2000 Jun;92(6):983-90
references.pmid: 10839259
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Jan 31;92(3):768-72
references.pmid: 7531342
references.citation: Surg Neurol. 2003 Nov;60(5):402-6; discussion 406
references.pmid: 14572960
references.citation: J Gastrointest Surg. 2008 Jun;12(6):1005-14
references.pmid: 17972143
references.citation: J Pharmacol Sci. 2013;122(2):158-61
references.pmid: 23728380
references.citation: Oncol Lett. 2014 Jun;7(6):1895-1902
references.pmid: 24932255
references.citation: Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013;14(6):3937-40
references.pmid: 23886210
references.citation: Tumour Biol. 2014 Mar;35(3):2513-9
references.pmid: 24241899
references.citation: J Neurooncol. 1998 Nov;40(2):161-70
references.pmid: 9892098
references.citation: Neuro Oncol. 2013 Aug;15(8):1008-16
references.pmid: 23595627
references.citation: J Cell Physiol. 1997 Nov;173(2):206-10
references.pmid: 9365523
references.citation: Oncol Rep. 2004 Apr;11(4):863-9
references.pmid: 15010886
references.citation: Breast J. 2008 May-Jun;14(3):308-10
references.pmid: 18476890
references.citation: J Korean Med Sci. 2001 Feb;16(1):83-7
references.pmid: 11289406
references.citation: Tumour Biol. 2014 Jul;35(7):6521-9
references.pmid: 24687553
references.citation: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2011 Feb;82(2):224-7
references.pmid: 20587495
references.citation: Contemp Oncol (Pozn). 2014;18(5):334-9
references.pmid: 25477756
references.citation: Neuro Oncol. 2014 Jan;16(1):81-91
references.pmid: 24305719