title: Preparation of gelatin films incorporated with tea polyphenol nanoparticles for enhancing controlled-release antioxidant properties.
abstract: Gelatin films incorporated with chitosan nanoparticles in various free/encapsulated tea polyphenol (TP) ratios were prepared in order to investigate the influence of different ratios on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of films. The TP-containing nanoparticles were prepared by cross-linking chitosan hydrochloride (CSH) with sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin sodium (SBE-β-CD) at three different encapsulation efficiencies (EE; ∼50%, ∼80%, and ∼100%) of TP. The stability of TP-loaded nanoparticles was maintained during the film drying process from the analysis of free TP content in the redissolved film solutions. Composite films showed no significant difference in visual aspects, while the light transmittance (250-550 nm) was decreased with incorporation of TP. Nanoparticles appeared to be homogeneously dispersed within the film matrix by microstructure analysis (SEM and AFM). TP-loaded films had ferric reducing and DPPH radical scavenging power that corresponded to the EEs. Sunflower oil packaged in bags made of gelatin films embedded with nanoparticles of 80% EE showed the best oxidation inhibitory effect, followed by 100% EE, 50% EE, and free TP, over 6 weeks of storage. However, when the gelatin film was placed over the headspace and was not in contact with the oil, the free TP showed the best effect. The results indicate that sustained release of TP in the contacting surface can ensure the protective effects, which vary with free/encapsulated mass ratios, thus improving antioxidant activities instead of increasing the dosage.
authors.affiliation: †Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: †Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Antoniou
authors.affiliation: †Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: †Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: ‡Western Regional Research Center, ARS, USDA, Albany, California 94710, United States.
authors.forename: Wallace
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.affiliation: †Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: †Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhong
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry; D007700:Kinetics; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D059808:Polyphenols; C015233:gelatin film; D005780:Gelatin
keywords: chitosan nanoparticles; cyclodextrin; gelatin film; oil; oxidation inhibition; tea polyphenols