title: Application of knowledge discovery process on the prediction of stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stroke is a prominent life-threatening disease in the world. The current study was performed to predict the outcome of stroke using knowledge discovery process (KDP) methods, artificial neural networks (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) models.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of 297 (130 sick and 167 healthy) individuals were acquired from the databases of the department of emergency medicine. Nine predictors (coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, history of cerebrovascular disease, atrial fibrillation, smoking, the findings of carotid Doppler ultrasonography [normal, plaque, plaque+stenosis≥50%], the levels of cholesterol and C-reactive protein) were used for predicting the stroke. Feature selection based on the Cramer's V test was carried out for reducing the predictors. Multilayer perceptron (MLP) ANN and SVM with radial basis function (RBF) kernel were used for the prediction based on the selected predictors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The accuracy values were 81.82% for ANN and 80.38% for SVM in the training dataset (n=209), and 85.9% for ANN and 84.62% for SVM in the testing dataset (n=78), respectively. ANN and SVM models yielded area under curve (AUC) values of 0.905 and 0.899 in the training dataset, and 0.928 and 0.91 in the testing dataset, consecutively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of the current study pointed out that ANN had more predictive performance when compared with SVM in predicting stroke. The proposed ANN model would be useful when making clinical decisions regarding stroke.
authors.affiliation: Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Malatya, Turkey. Electronic address: cemilcolak@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Cemil
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Colak
authors.affiliation: Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Malatya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Esra
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karaman
authors.affiliation: Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Malatya, Turkey.
authors.forename: M Gokhan
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Turtay
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D057225:Data Mining / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D060388:Support Vector Machine / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: Artificial neural networks (ANN); Knowledge discovery process (KDP); Stroke; Support vector machine (SVM)