title: Quantitative Transportation Assessment in Simulated Curved Canals Prepared with an Adaptive Movement System.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of the Twisted File Adaptive (TF Adaptive; SybronEndo, Orange, CA) system in maintaining the original profile of root canal anatomy. The ProTaper Universal (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and Twisted File (TF) (SybronEndo) systems were used as reference techniques for comparison.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty simulated curved root canals manufactured in clear resin blocks were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n = 10) according to the instrumentation system: TF in rotary motion, TF in TF Adaptive motion, and ProTaper Universal. Color stereomicroscopic images from each block were taken exactly at the same position before and after instrumentation. All image processing and data analysis were performed with an open-source program (Fiji). Evaluation of canal transportation was obtained for 2 independent canal regions: straight and curved levels. Univariate analysis of variance and Tukey Honestly Significant Difference were used, and a cutoff for significance was set at alpha = 5%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Instrumentation systems significantly influenced canal transportation (P = .000). A significant interaction between instrumentation system and root canal level (P = .000) was also found as follows: at the straight part, TF and TF Adaptive systems produced similar canal transportation, which was significantly lower than for the ProTaper Universal system; at the curved part, TF resulted in the lowest canal transportation followed by TF Adaptive and ProTaper Universal systems. Canal transportation was higher at the curved canal parts (P = .00).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TF in rotary motion produced overall less canal transportation in the curved portion when compared with the others tested systems. The ProTaper Universal system showed the highest canal transportation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: nogueiraemmanuel@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Michele Dias Nunes
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Tameirão
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Felipe Gonçalves
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Belladonna
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline Almeida
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Neves
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry II, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil.
authors.forename: Erick Miranda
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De-Deus
mesh_terms: D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D009038:Motion; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation*
keywords: Canal transportation; R-phase; Twisted File; Twisted File Adaptive; root canal instrumentation