title: Development of a transparent, non-cytotoxic, silver ion-exchanged glass with antimicrobial activity and low ion elution.
abstract: We investigated the antimicrobial, cytotoxicity, skin irritation, and ion elution behaviors of glass doped with silver ions with respect to its application to electronic equipment such as phones and tablet screens. The microbes tested were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Penicillium funiculosum. AgNO3 powder was spread on both sides of aluminosilicate glass, and it was heated to 250-280°C for 10min. Under optimized heating conditions (260°C, 10min), the antimicrobial activity of ion-exchanged glass against bacteria and fungi was over 99.9% after 24 weeks. The glass failed to irritate the skin of experimental animals and was considered non-cytotoxic. The maximum amount of Ag ions that were eluted from the ion-exchanged glass into drinking water was measured at 0.037±0.003μgL(-1), an amount which is several orders of magnitude below the standard limit of 0.1mgL(-1) in drinking water. Ag ion-exchanged glass had characteristics suitable for use as a display screen, such as a light transmittance of 90% and a surface roughness of 0.704nm. Our findings suggest that glass doped with silver ions is more hygienic than non-doped glass is, and should be applied to display screens and glassware.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-ku, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Gyu-In
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-ku, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-ku, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung-Woo
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Eom
authors.affiliation: Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-ku, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang-Mahn
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-ku, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: sychoi@yonsei.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Se-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D040421:Cell Phone; D016288:Computer Terminals; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D005898:Glass; D006801:Humans; D007474:Ion Exchange; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010407:Penicillium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D011817:Rabbits; D012834:Silver / Q000494:pharmacology; D023422:Skin Irritancy Tests; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D012834:Silver
keywords: Antimicrobial activity; Cytotoxicity; Elution behavior; Ion exchange; Silver ion