title: Heavy atom labeled nucleotides for measurement of kinetic isotope effects.
abstract: Experimental analysis of kinetic isotope effects represents an extremely powerful approach for gaining information about the transition state structure of complex reactions not available through other methodologies. The implementation of this approach to the study of nucleic acid chemistry requires the synthesis of nucleobases and nucleotides enriched for heavy isotopes at specific positions. In this review, we highlight current approaches to the synthesis of nucleic acids enriched site specifically for heavy oxygen and nitrogen and their application in heavy atom isotope effect studies. This article is part of a special issue titled: Enzyme Transition States from Theory and Experiment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Weissman
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Nan-Sheng
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Center for Integrative Proteomics Research, Biology at the Interface with the Mathematical and Physical Sciences (BioMaPS) Institute for Quantitative Biology, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Darrin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: York
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address: jpicciri@uchicago.edu.
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Piccirilli
mesh_terms: D007553:Isotope Labeling / Q000379:methods*; D007700:Kinetics; D008956:Models, Chemical; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes / Q000737:chemistry; D009696:Nucleic Acids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D010103:Oxygen Isotopes / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes; D009696:Nucleic Acids; D009711:Nucleotides; D010103:Oxygen Isotopes
keywords: Kinetic isotope effect; Labeled nucleotide; RNA catalysis; Ribozyme; Transition state
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