title: How do children complete a seated combined cognitive and motor multi-tasking paradigm?
abstract: Healthy children (n=12, age 7years) and young adults (n=11, age 21years) were asked to perform a bimanual balance and reaching protocol in a seated posture. Subjects balanced a ball on a Frisbee on the non-dominant palm of the hand while reaching with the dominant hand to pick up a toy off the ground. During half of the trials, an auditory Stroop task was administered simultaneous to onset of the participants' reach. All children (CH) and adults (AD) successfully completed both motor and cognitive tasks when combined: the ball and Frisbee were not dropped and cognitive accuracy rate for both groups was 77%. Angular range of motion (ROM) measures indicated that the trunk, upper arm (UA) and forearm (FA) segments were moving as articulated individual segments in both adults and children (ROM for trunk≠UA≠FA; p<.001). However, differences between CH and AD upper body segmental control were evident: greater variability existed between trials and between subjects for segmental ROM in CH compared to AD (p<.001), suggesting that adult-like control is still developing in this age group. Results indicate children aged 7years can successfully perform a simultaneous upper body motor and cognitive task in a seated posture, however motor performance control is not yet at the same level as adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Electronic address: dhinton@uoguelph.ca.
authors.forename: Dorelle C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Hinton
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Electronic address: lvallis@uoguelph.ca.
authors.forename: Lori Ann
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Vallis
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001132:Arm; D001288:Attention; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills; D009068:Movement; D004856:Postural Balance; D011187:Posture; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D011897:Random Allocation; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Attention; Bimanual task; Children; Cognitive task; Dual-task; Segmental control