title: Pilot study of a non-return catheter valve for reducing catheter-associated urinary tract infections in critically ill patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effectiveness of a non-return catheter valve vs. the standard urine bag for prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) in critically ill patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a pilot, randomized, stratified, open-label controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01963013). Ninety-six critically illpatients requiring indwelling urinary catheter were assigned with either a non-return catheter valve or the standard urine bag. Symptoms and signs of CAUTI before and after enrollment for all patients were recorded. If CAUTI was suspected, urine for microbiological testing was collected The primary outcome was the incidence density rate of symptomatic CAUTI and bacteriurial presence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 96 patients were randomized into two groups. Baseline patient characteristics were similar in both groups except for the sex distribution. The incidence rate ratio was 0.71 for symptomatic CAUTI in the non-return catheter valve group (95% CI 0.25-1.98, p-value = 0.51). The crude incidence rate ratio of bacteriuria in the non-return valve group was 0.66 (95% CI 0.3-1.46, p-value = 0.31). The sex-adjusted incidence rate ratio of bacteriuria in the non-return catheter valve group was 0.64 (95% CI 0.29-1.41, p-value = 0.27).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using a non-return catheter valve might not prevent CA UTI among critically ill patients.
authors.forename: Anupol
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Panitchote
authors.forename: Suranut
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Charoensri
authors.forename: Ploenchan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chetchotisakd
authors.forename: Cameron
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hurst
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D055499:Catheter-Related Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D062885:Urinary Catheters; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*