title: Pharmacovigilance in children: detecting adverse drug reactions in routine electronic healthcare records. A systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A systematic review of the literature published in English over 10 years was undertaken in order to describe the use of electronic healthcare data in the identification of potential adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched using MESH headings and text words. Titles, keywords and abstracts were checked for age <18 years, potential ADRs and electronic healthcare data. Information extracted included age, data source, pharmacovigilance method, medicines and ADRs. Studies were quality assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 14 804 titles, 314 had a full text review and 71 were included in the final review. Fifty were published in North America, 10 in Scandinavia. Study size ranged from less than 1000 children to more than 10 million. Sixty per cent of studies used data from one source. Comparative observational studies were most commonly reported (66.2%) with 15% using passive surveillance. Electronic healthcare data set linkage and the quality of the data source were poorly reported. ADRs were classified using the International Classification of Disease (ICD10). Multi-system reactions were most commonly studied, followed by central nervous system and mental and behavioural disorders. Vaccines were most frequently prescribed followed by corticosteroids, general anaesthetics and antidepressants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Routine electronic healthcare records were increasingly reported to be used for pharmacovigilance in children. This growing and important health protection activity could be enhanced by consistent reporting of studies to improve the identification, interpretation and generalizability of the evidence base.
authors.affiliation: Health Informatics Research, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
authors.forename: Corri
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Black
authors.affiliation: Health Informatics Research, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
authors.forename: Nara
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tagiyeva-Milne
authors.affiliation: Health Informatics Research, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Helms
authors.affiliation: Health Informatics Research, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
authors.forename: Dorothy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moir
mesh_terms: D000067697:Adolescent Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000067576:Child Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000453:epidemiology*; D057286:Electronic Health Records; D006801:Humans; D060735:Pharmacovigilance
keywords: adverse drug reactions; children; electronic healthcare data; systematic review
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