title: Lung cancer incidence trends by gender, race and histology in the United States, 1973-2010.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lung cancer (LC) incidence in the United States (US) continues to decrease but with significant differences by histology, gender and race. Whereas squamous, large and small cell carcinoma rates have been decreasing since the mid-80s, adenocarcinoma rates remain stable in males and continue to increase in females, with large racial disparities. We analyzed LC incidence trends by histology in the US with an emphasis on gender and racial differences.
  
  
  METHODS
  LC incidence rates from 1973-2010 were obtained from the SEER cancer registry. Age-adjusted incidence trends of five major histological types by gender and race were evaluated using joinpoint regression. Trends of LC histology and stage distributions from 2005-2010 were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  US LC incidence varies by histology. Squamous, large and small cell carcinoma rates continue to decrease for all gender/race combinations, whereas adenocarcinoma rates remain relatively constant in males and increasing in females. An apparent recent increase in the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma since 2005 can be explained by a concomitant decrease in the number of cases classified as other non-small cell carcinoma. Black males continue to be disproportionally affected by squamous LCs, and blacks continue to be diagnosed with more advanced cancers than whites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LC incidence by histology continues to change over time. Additional variations are expected as screening becomes disseminated. It is important to continue to monitor LC rates to evaluate the impact of screening on current trends, assess the continuing benefits of tobacco control, and focus efforts on reducing racial disparities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meza
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meernik
authors.affiliation: Program in Biostatistics and Biomathematics, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jihyoun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America.
authors.forename: Michele L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cote
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000266:history; D000077192:Adenocarcinoma of Lung; D018287:Carcinoma, Large Cell / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000266:history; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000266:history; D005260:Female; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000266:history; D008297:Male; D044469:Racial Groups; D018426:SEER Program / Q000639:trends; D012737:Sex Factors; D055752:Small Cell Lung Carcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000266:history; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
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