title: Short-Wave Diathermy Pretreatment and Inflammatory Myokine Response After High-Intensity Eccentric Exercise.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Various modalities have been used to pretreat skeletal muscle to attenuate inflammation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of short-wave diathermy (SWD) preheating treatment on inflammation and stress markers after eccentric exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled laboratory study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University laboratory setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen male (age = 22 ± 4.9 years, height = 179.75 ± 9.56 cm, mass = 82.22 ± 12.67 kg) college-aged students.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven participants were selected randomly to receive 40 minutes of SWD heat treatment (HT), and 8 participants served as the control (CON) group and rested without SWD. Both groups completed 7 sets of 10 repetitions of a high-intensity eccentric exercise protocol (EEP) at 120% of the 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) leg extension.
  
  
  METHODS
  We biopsied muscles on days 1, 3 (24 hours post-EEP), and 4 (48 hours post-EEP) and collected blood samples on days 1, 2 (4 hours post-EEP), 3, and 4. We determined 1-RM on day 2 (24 hours post-SWD) and measured 1-RM on days 3 and 4. We analyzed the muscle samples for interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α, and heat shock protein 70 and the blood for serum creatine kinase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a group × time interaction for intramuscular IL-6 levels after SWD (F2,26 = 7.13, P = .003). The IL-6 decreased in HT (F1,6 = 17.8, P = .006), whereas CON showed no change (P > .05). We found a group × time interaction for tumor necrosis factor α levels (F2,26 = 3.71, P = .04), which increased in CON (F2,14 = 7.16, P = .007), but saw no changes for HT (P > .05). No group × time interactions were noted for 1-RM, heat shock protein 70, or creatine kinase (P > .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SWD preheating treatment provided a treatment effect for intramuscular inflammatory myokines induced through high-intensity eccentric exercise but did not affect other factors associated with intense exercise and inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence;
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Vardiman
authors.affiliation: Exercise and Sport Science Department, Rockhurst University, Kansas City, MO;
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Moodie
authors.affiliation: Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence;
authors.forename: Jacob A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Siedlik
authors.affiliation: Desales University, Center Valley, PA.
authors.forename: Rebecca A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kudrna
authors.affiliation: Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence;
authors.forename: Zachary
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.affiliation: Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence;
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gallagher
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D003972:Diathermy / Q000379:methods*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D009220:Myositis / Q000503:physiopathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; C439524:TNF protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D003402:Creatine Kinase
keywords: cytokines; inflammation; interleukin-6; tumor necrosis factor α
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