title: Frequency of comorbidities and risk factors among ischaemic heart disease patients in Karachi--perspective from three tertiary care hospitals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate comorbidities and risk factors among ischaemic heart disease patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The descriptive study was conducted at the cardiology wards of three hospitals in Karachi, and comprised and comprised data related to patients from September 5, 2013 to January 15, 2014. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 377 individuals, 238 (63.1%) were males and 139(36.9%) were females. Depression outnumbered all other comorbids 137(58%) in males and 103(74%) in females. It was followed by anxiety in 129 (54%) males and 90 (65%) females. In risk factors, high-cholesterol diet outnumbered all other risk factors 137 (58%) followed by stressful life 123 (52%) in males, while in females physical inactivity 91 (65%) and stressful life 91 (65%) both were leading risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A variety of risk factors existed in ischaemic heart disease patients. Special attention should be paid to stressful lifestyle and high cholesterol, two of the most common risk factors in both genders.
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000453:epidemiology; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology*; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers
chemical_list: D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary