title: Comparison of low dose versus standard dose heparin for radial approach in elective coronary angiography?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of two doses of heparin, a low dose (2500 IU) and a standard dose (5000 IU) in patients who underwent transradial coronary angiography (TRCAG).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 459 consecutive patients were included in the present study, 217 in the 2500-IU heparin group and 242 in the 5000-IU heparin group. Radial artery patency was evaluated one month after the TRCAG with Doppler ultrasonography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The RAO was observed in 15 (3.3%) patients. The RAO was significantly higher in 2500 IU heparin group than 5000 IU heparin group (5.5% vs 1.2% p=0.010, respectively). Female gender (Odds ratio (OR)=66.135, p=0.002, 95% confidence interval (CI)=4.584-954.131), sheath removal time (OR=1.496, p<0.001, 95% CI=1.254-1.784) and administration of 2500 IU heparin (OR=9.758, p=0.034, 95% CI=1.195-79.695) were the independent predictors of RAO in multivariate regression analysis. While the presence of hypertension was independently associated with radial artery patency in multivariate regression analysis (OR=0.022, p=0.005, 95% CI=0.002-0.307).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The patients in the standard dose heparin group had lower RAO rates compared to low dose group in this study. This suggests that using the current technique, standard dose of heparin is still required for transradial diagnostic angiography.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Ahi Evren Chest Cardiovascular Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey. Electronic address: ahmetaykan@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ahmet Çağrı
authors.initials: AÇ
authors.lastname: Aykan
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Ahi Evren Chest Cardiovascular Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tayyar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gökdeniz
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Ahi Evren Chest Cardiovascular Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ilker
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gül
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Ahi Evren Chest Cardiovascular Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ezgi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kalaycıoğlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Ahi Evren Chest Cardiovascular Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Çetin
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Ahi Evren Chest Cardiovascular Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey.
authors.forename: Engin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hatem
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Ahi Evren Chest Cardiovascular Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ismail Gökhan
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Çavuşoğlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Koşuyolu Kartal Heart Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Can Yücel
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Karabay
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Koşuyolu Kartal Heart Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Güler
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey.
authors.forename: Duygun Altıntaş
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Aykan
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Koşuyolu Kartal Heart Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yıldız
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017534:Radial Artery
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D006493:Heparin
keywords: Angiography; Complication; Heparin; Occlusion; Radial; Sheath