title: Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase in fatty acid metabolism involved in liver and other diseases: an update.
abstract: Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL) family members include five different ACSL isoforms, each encoded by a separate gene and have multiple spliced variants. ACSLs on endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial outer membrance catalyze fatty acids with chain lengths from 12 to 20 carbon atoms to form acyl-CoAs, which are lipid metabolic intermediates and involved in fatty acid metabolism, membrane modifications and various physiological processes. Gain- or loss-of-function studies have shown that the expression of individual ACSL isoforms can alter the distribution and amount of intracellular fatty acids. Changes in the types and amounts of fatty acids, in turn, can alter the expression of intracellular ACSLs. ACSL family members affect not only the proliferation of normal cells, but the proliferation of malignant tumor cells. They also regulate cell apoptosis through different signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms. ACSL members have individual functions in fatty acid metabolism in different types of cells depending on substrate preferences, subcellular location and tissue specificity, thus contributing to liver diseases and metabolic diseases, such as fatty liver disease, obesity, atherosclerosis and diabetes. They are also linked to neurological disorders and other diseases. However, the mechanisms are unclear. This review addresses new findings in the classification and properties of ACSLs and the fatty acid metabolism-associated effects of ACSLs in diseases.
authors.affiliation: Sheng Yan, Xue-Feng Yang, Hao-Lei Liu, Nian Fu, Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Sheng Yan, Xue-Feng Yang, Hao-Lei Liu, Nian Fu, Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Xue-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Sheng Yan, Xue-Feng Yang, Hao-Lei Liu, Nian Fu, Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Hao-Lei
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Sheng Yan, Xue-Feng Yang, Hao-Lei Liu, Nian Fu, Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Nian
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Sheng Yan, Xue-Feng Yang, Hao-Lei Liu, Nian Fu, Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.affiliation: Sheng Yan, Xue-Feng Yang, Hao-Lei Liu, Nian Fu, Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Qing
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003066:Coenzyme A Ligases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000201:enzymology; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000201:enzymology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000098859:Long-Chain-Fatty-Acid-CoA Ligase
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D007527:Isoenzymes; D003066:Coenzyme A Ligases; D000098859:Long-Chain-Fatty-Acid-CoA Ligase
keywords: Apoptosis; Fatty acid; Liver diseases; Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase; Metabolic diseases; Pathways; Proliferation
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