title: Sequencing and Phylogenetic Study of Partial NS3 Gene of Iranian GB Virus C/Hepatitis G Virus (HGV) Originated From Hemodialysis Patients in Tehran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatitis viruses are one of the most important concerns in the patients on hemodialysis who are at high risk for blood-borne infections. GB virus C (GBV-C)/hepatitis G virus (HGV) is positive-stranded RNA virus with global distribution, which codes structural and nonstructural proteins (such as NS3).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Review on literature about Iranian HGV isolates showed that there was no report on sequencing and phylogenetic characteristics of NS3 gene and therefore, this study attempted to answers these challenges.
  
  
  METHODS
  Briefly, steps followed were as follows: preparation of nucleic acids from three Iranian hemodialysis HGV-positive samples and RNA extraction; reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) for amplification of NS3 gene and gel electrophoresis; sequencing and analyzing sequencing data; NCBI Registering; blasting and alignment of sequences; and finally constructing the phylogenetic tree.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nucleotide BLAST results emphasized that most similar sequences to Ir NS3 sequences were those from Europe (Spain, Germany, and the United Kingdom) and the United states and IR sequences were located with five leaves in a branch. In addition, homology of Ir sequences showed96.4% (between IR1 and IR2), 94.9% identity (between IR1 and IR3), and 96.5% identity (between IR2 and IR3).Furthermore, highly variation and significance differences in NS3 between GBC isolates from geographical regions and some little changes in IR sequences were seen. Finally, phylogenetic tree revealed that NS3 genotype of Iranian isolates was probably similar to European countries and USA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, results of present study were consistent with the data reported earlier base on 5' NTR in Iranian isolates and revealed genotype IR2 is major genotype in Iranian HGV-positive patient. It means there are higher similarities between Iranian and Europe-USA in HGV NS3 gene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dadmanesh
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Mehdi
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ranjbar
authors.affiliation: Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran ; Middle East Liver Diseases Research Center (MELD), Tehran, IR Iran ; Iran Hepatitis Network, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Moayed
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Alavian
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Khodayar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ghorban
keywords: GB Virus C; NS3; Phylogenetic Analysis; Sequencing
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