title: Strabismus in infants following congenital cataract surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to determine the incidence and characteristics of strabismus following congenital cataract surgery in infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients aged <12 months who underwent surgery for congenital cataract and were followed-up for ≥1 years were included. Patients that had strabismus prior to surgery were excluded. Data regarding gender, cataract laterality, morphology, and density, age at the time of cataract surgery, ocular motility post surgery, and the presence of nystagmus were retrospectively obtained from the patients' records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 79 patients (48 male and 31 female). Unilateral surgery was performed in 14 of the patients, versus bilateral surgery in 65. Strabismus did not occur post surgery in 32 (40.5 %) of the patients (group 1), whereas 47 (59.5 %) (group 2) developed strabismus following surgery. The patients in group 1 were followed-up for a mean 50.7 ± 38.5 months, versus 50.3 ± 39 months in group 2. Mean age at the time of cataract surgery in groups 1 and 2 was 3.6 ± 1.9 years and 4.6 ± 3.2 months respectively. Mean duration of time between cataract surgery and the development of strabismus was 13.3 ± 13 months (range: 1-60 months). Unilateral cases were more prone to develop strabismus, which was statistically significant (p = 0.028). Age at the time of cataract surgery, gender, cataract density, the occurrence of aphakic glaucoma, the presence of nystagmus, and additional ocular surgery were not significantly associated with the development of strabismus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Strabismus develops more frequently in children undergoing cataract surgery. In the present study strabismus occurred in more of the patients that underwent unilateral surgery. Based on the present findings, we think that long-term careful follow-up to monitor the development of strabismus is required in all infants undergoing cataract surgery, especially unilateral cases.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Ege University, 35040, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey. elif.dem@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Elif
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Demirkilinc Biler
authors.affiliation: Usak State Hospital, Usak, Turkey.
authors.forename: Duygu Inci
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Bozbiyik
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Ege University, 35040, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Onder
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Uretmen
authors.affiliation: , Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Suheyla
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kose
mesh_terms: D001036:Aphakia, Postcataract / Q000601:surgery; D002386:Cataract / Q000151:congenital*; D002387:Cataract Extraction / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D042262:Retinoscopy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013285:Strabismus / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Aphakic glaucoma; Congenital cataract surgery; Nystagmus; Strabismus
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