title: Visualization of the Peripheral Branches of the Mandibular Division of the Trigeminal Nerve on 3D Double-Echo Steady-State with Water Excitation Sequence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although visualization of the extracranial branches of the cranial nerves has improved with advances in MR imaging, only limited studies have assessed the detection of extracranial branches of the mandibular nerve (V3). We investigated the detectability of the branches of V3 on a 3D double-echo steady-state with water excitation sequence.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively evaluated the detectability of the 6 branches of the V3, the masseteric, buccal, auriculotemporal, lingual, inferior alveolar, and mylohyoid nerves, by using a 5-point scale (4, excellent; 3, good; 2, fair; 1, poor; and 0, none) in 86 consecutive patients who underwent MR imaging with the 3D double-echo steady-state with water excitation sequence. Weighted κ analysis was used to calculate interobserver variability among the 3 readers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The detection of the lingual and inferior alveolar nerves was the most successful, with excellent average scores of 3.80 and 3.99, respectively. The detection of the masseteric, the buccal, and the auriculotemporal nerves was good, with average scores of 3.31, 2.67, and 3.11, respectively. The mylohyoid nerve was difficult to detect with poor average scores of 0.62. All nerves had excellent interobserver variability across the 3 readers (average weighted κ value, 0.95-1.00).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 3D double-echo steady-state with water excitation sequence demonstrated excellent visualization of the extracranial branches of V3 in most patients. The 3D double-echo steady-state with water excitation sequence has the potential for diagnosing V3 pathologies and preoperatively identifying peripheral cranial nerves to prevent surgical complications.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (H.F., A.F., H.K., H.S.), Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (H.F., A.F., H.K., H.S.), Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan Departments of Radiology (A.F., K.B., O.S.) akifuji@jichi.ac.jp.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.affiliation: Boston University School of Medicine (A.Y.), Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (H.F., A.F., H.K., H.S.), Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology (A.F., K.B., O.S.).
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Buch
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology (A.F., K.B., O.S.) Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (O.S.) Radiation Oncology (O.S.), Boston Medical Center.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (H.F., A.F., H.K., H.S.), Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014276:Trigeminal Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology*
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