title: Tibial nerve F-wave recordings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tibial F-wave recordings are remarkable for their complexity and persistence. We postulate that the signal recorded by the E2 (reference) electrode causes this pattern.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tibial F-wave recordings were made from the abductor hallucis (AH) muscle using the standard montage in 10 subjects. Additional far-field simultaneous F-wave recordings were made from the AH, the base of the large toe, and the base of the small toe with the E2 placed on the contralateral foot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  F-wave recordings made in the standard manner and from the base of the large or small toes showed complex waveforms and similar latencies. Recordings made from the AH-contralateral foot had simple waveforms in most subjects; in 2 subjects the latencies were longer, and 1 showed reduced persistence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The tibial F-waves are composed primarily of volume conducted recordings of the tibial-innervated foot muscles from the E2 electrode.
authors.affiliation: Natus Medical Inc, 15 Dartantra Drive, Hopewell Junction, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Sanjeev D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Nandedkar
authors.affiliation: Milwaukee Veterans Administration Medical Center and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Barkhaus
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D001703:Biophysics; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D013979:Tibial Nerve / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: A-wave; F-wave persistence; F-waves; far-field recordings; tibial nerve