title: Shengmai injection improved doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy by alleviating myocardial endoplasmic reticulum stress and caspase-12 dependent apoptosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Apoptosis plays vital roles in the progression of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy (DOX-CM). Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) could induce specific apoptosis by caspase-12 dependent pathway. Shengmai Injection (SMI), a famous Traditional Chinese Medicine, could alleviate the heart damage via inhibiting myocardial apoptosis. However, it is unknown whether SMI can alleviate ER stress and its specific apoptosis in the setting of DOX-CM.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore the effects of SMI on heart function, myocardial ER stress, and apoptosis of DOX-CM rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats with DOX-CM were treated by SMI. Heart function was assessed by echocardiography and brain natriuretic peptide. Myocardial apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. ER stress was assessed by detecting the expressions of GRP78 and caspase-12.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the end of eight-week, compared to control, significant heart dysfunction happened in DOX group. The ratio of apoptotic cardiomyocytes and the expressions of GRP78 and caspase-12 increased significantly (P < 0.05). Compared to DOX group, the apoptotic ratio and the expressions of GRP78 and caspase-12 significantly decreased in DOX + SMI group (P < 0.05), accompanied with improved heart function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SMI could alleviate myocardial ER stress and caspase-12 dependent apoptosis, which subsequently helped to improve the heart function of rats with DOX-CM.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Yin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Quan
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Ya-Chen
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D053454:Caspase 12 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; C009252:fructus schizandrae, radix ginseng, radix ophiopogonis drug combination; D004317:Doxorubicin; C506443:Casp12 protein, rat; D053454:Caspase 12
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