title: Telephone-adapted mindfulness-based stress reduction (tMBSR) for patients awaiting kidney transplantation: Trial design, rationale and feasibility.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) has demonstrated benefits for stress-related symptoms; however, for patients with burdensome treatment regimens, multiple co-morbidities and mobility impairment, time and travel requirements pose barriers to MBSR training.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the design, rationale and feasibility results of Journeys to Wellness, a clinical trial of mindfulness training delivered in a novel workshop and teleconference format. The trial aim is to reduce symptoms and improve quality of life in people waiting for a kidney transplant.
  
  
  METHODS
  The standard 8-week MBSR program was reconfigured for delivery as two in-person workshops separated in time by six weekly teleconferences (tMBSR). A time and attention comparison condition (tSupport) was created using the workshop-telephone format.
  Kidney transplant candidates (N = 63) were randomly assigned to tMBSR or tSupport: 87% (n = 55) attended ≥ 1 class, and for these, attendance was high (6.6 ± 1.8 tMBSR and 7.0 ± 1.4 tSupport sessions). Fidelity monitoring found that all treatment elements were delivered as planned and few technical problems occurred. Patients in both groups reported high treatment satisfaction, but more tMBSR (83%) than tSupport (43%) participants expected their intervention to be quite a bit or extremely useful for managing their health. Symptoms and quality of life outcomes collected before (baseline, 8 weeks and 6 months) and after kidney transplantation (2, 6 and 12 months) will be analyzed for efficacy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  tMBSR is an accessible intervention that may be useful to people with a wide spectrum of health conditions. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01254214.
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, United States.
authors.forename: Maryanne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reilly-Spong
authors.affiliation: Jefferson-Myrna Brind Center of Integrative Medicine Mindfulness Institute, United States.
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reibel
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota Center for Spirituality & Healing, United States.
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.affiliation: Public Health Consultants, LLC, United States.
authors.forename: Pat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Koppa
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, United States; University of Minnesota School of Nursing, United States. Electronic address: gross002@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Cynthia R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Gross
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000523:psychology*; D019122:Meditation / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D064866:Mindfulness; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000628:therapy*; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000379:methods*; D013689:Telephone
keywords: Kidney transplantation; MBSR; Mindfulness; Telemedicine; Telepsychology
references.citation: J Pers Soc Psychol. 2003 Apr;84(4):822-48
references.pmid: 12703651
references.citation: Sleep. 2014 Sep;37(9):1553-63
references.pmid: 25142566
references.citation: Am Psychol. 2013 Dec;68(9):791-800
references.pmid: 24341643
references.citation: J Health Soc Behav. 1983 Dec;24(4):385-96
references.pmid: 6668417
references.citation: Adv Mind Body Med. 2005 Spring;21(1):4-11
references.pmid: 15973854
references.citation: Psychosomatics. 2012 Jan-Feb;53(1):30-7
references.pmid: 22221719
references.citation: Altern Ther Health Med. 2010 Sep-Oct;16(5):30-8
references.pmid: 20882729
references.citation: Eat Behav. 2010 Jan;11(1):11-7
references.pmid: 19962115
references.citation: Am J Kidney Dis. 2005 Apr;45(4):658-66
references.pmid: 15806468
references.citation: Soc Work Health Care. 1981 Winter;7(2):79-90
references.pmid: 7344167
references.citation: Psychosom Med. 2002 Jan-Feb;64(1):71-83
references.pmid: 11818588
references.citation: Behav Res Ther. 1990;28(6):487-95
references.pmid: 2076086
references.citation: Behav Res Ther. 2008 Mar;46(3):296-321
references.pmid: 18258216
references.citation: Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008 Nov;3(6):1759-68
references.pmid: 18832106
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2014 Feb 10;32(5):449-57
references.pmid: 24395850
references.citation: J Adv Nurs. 2008 Jul;63(2):166-74
references.pmid: 18537842
references.citation: Nat Rev Nephrol. 2012 Dec;8(12):718-24
references.pmid: 23090446
references.citation: J Chronic Dis. 1987;40(5):373-83
references.pmid: 3558716
references.citation: J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012 Oct;80(5):811-6
references.pmid: 22468908
references.citation: Altern Ther Health Med. 2004 May-Jun;10(3):58-66
references.pmid: 15154154
references.citation: Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2008 Feb;14(1):8-16
references.pmid: 18243937
references.citation: Perspect Psychol Sci. 2011 Nov;6(6):537-59
references.pmid: 26168376
references.citation: JAMA. 2012 Sep 19;308(11):1090-1; author reply 1091
references.pmid: 22990260
references.citation: J Nurs Scholarsh. 2007;39(3):214-21
references.pmid: 17760793
references.citation: Am J Transplant. 2011 Oct;11(10):2093-109
references.pmid: 21883901
references.citation: J Workplace Behav Health. 2013 Apr;28(2):107-133
references.pmid: 23667348
references.citation: ISRN Psychiatry. 2012 Nov 14;2012:651583
references.pmid: 23762768
references.citation: Psychotherapy (Chic). 2006 Fall;43(3):258-63
references.pmid: 22122094
references.citation: J Consult Clin Psychol. 2003 Dec;71(6):973-9
references.pmid: 14622072
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2002 Sep 15;52(6):610-30
references.pmid: 12361671
references.citation: Palliat Support Care. 2008 Jun;6(2):133-9
references.pmid: 18501048
references.citation: Explore (NY). 2011 Mar-Apr;7(2):76-87
references.pmid: 21397868
references.citation: Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2007 Jan;14(1):82-99
references.pmid: 17200048
references.citation: Nurs Res. 2007 Jan-Feb;56(1):54-62
references.pmid: 17179874
references.citation: Ann Behav Med. 2010 Aug;40(1):89-98
references.pmid: 20652466
references.citation: J Telemed Telecare. 2011;17(4):177-84
references.pmid: 21357672
references.citation: J Clin Psychol. 2006 Mar;62(3):373-86
references.pmid: 16385481
references.citation: Kidney Int. 2003 Nov;64(5):1903-10
references.pmid: 14531826
references.citation: JAMA. 2012 Jun 6;307(21):2278-85
references.pmid: 22706833
references.citation: Psychiatry Res. 1989 May;28(2):193-213
references.pmid: 2748771
references.citation: Am J Kidney Dis. 2005 Oct;46(4):669-80
references.pmid: 16183422
references.citation: Am J Kidney Dis. 2013 Nov;62(5):953-73
references.pmid: 23725972
references.citation: Psychosom Med. 2000 Sep-Oct;62(5):613-22
references.pmid: 11020090
references.citation: J Adv Nurs. 2005 Apr;50(1):39-46
references.pmid: 15788064
references.citation: Qual Life Res. 1994 Oct;3(5):329-38
references.pmid: 7841967
references.citation: BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014;14:50
references.pmid: 24512477