title: Mindfulness-based stress reduction for chronic insomnia in adults older than 75 years: a randomized, controlled, single-blind clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) for chronic insomnia and combined depressive or anxiety symptoms of older adults aged 75 years and over.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, controlled, single-blind clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants included 60 adults aged 75 years and over with chronic insomnia. Participants were randomly assigned to the eight-week MBSR group or the wait-list control group. Assessments using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Self-rating Anxiety Sale (SAS), and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) were taken at baseline and post-treatment. For each outcome measure, a repeated measures analysis of variance was used to detect changes across assessments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant time × group interaction for the PSQI global score (P = .006); the MBSR group had a decrease in the PSQI global score (Cohen׳s d = 1.12), while the control group did not (Cohen׳s d = -0.06). Among the PSQI components, there was a significant time × group interaction for daytime dysfunction (P = .048); Cohen׳s d of the MBSR group was 0.76, while Cohen׳s d of control group was -0.04. There was no significant time × group interaction for the SAS score (P = .116), while for the GDS there was a significant time × group interaction (P = .039); the Cohen׳s d value for the MBSR group was 1.20, and it was 0.12 for the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that the MBSR program could be a beneficial treatment for chronic insomnia in adults aged 75 years and older.
authors.affiliation: Medical Psychology Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Medical School PLA, Beijing, China; Navy Fengtai Retired Cadres Sanatorium, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Xu
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Medical Psychology Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Medical School PLA, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Medical Psychology Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Medical School PLA, Beijing, China; Department of Psychiatry, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Psychological Health Center, No. 1080 Cuizhu Road, Luohu, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi׳an, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Medical Psychology Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Medical School PLA, Beijing, China; 215 Clinical Department, PLA Dalian Sanatorium, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
authors.forename: Mo-Shui
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: General Surgery Department, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xi-Liang
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Medical Psychology Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Medical School PLA, Beijing, China. Electronic address: xxh.med@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cui
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019122:Meditation; D064866:Mindfulness; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012890:Sleep; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: Mindfulness; anxiety; chronic insomnia; depression; old age