title: Next-generation pyrosequencing analysis of microbial biofilm communities on granular activated carbon in treatment of oil sands process-affected water.
abstract: The development of biodegradation treatment processes for oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) has been progressing in recent years with the promising potential of biofilm reactors. Previously, the granular activated carbon (GAC) biofilm process was successfully employed for treatment of a large variety of recalcitrant organic compounds in domestic and industrial wastewaters. In this study, GAC biofilm microbial development and degradation efficiency were investigated for OSPW treatment by monitoring the biofilm growth on the GAC surface in raw and ozonated OSPW in batch bioreactors. The GAC biofilm community was characterized using a next-generation 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing technique that revealed that the phylum Proteobacteria was dominant in both OSPW and biofilms, with further in-depth analysis showing higher abundances of Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria sequences. Interestingly, many known polyaromatic hydrocarbon degraders, namely, Burkholderiales, Pseudomonadales, Bdellovibrionales, and Sphingomonadales, were observed in the GAC biofilm. Ozonation decreased the microbial diversity in planktonic OSPW but increased the microbial diversity in the GAC biofilms. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed similar bacterial gene copy numbers (>10(9) gene copies/g of GAC) for both raw and ozonated OSPW GAC biofilms. The observed rates of removal of naphthenic acids (NAs) over the 2-day experiments for the GAC biofilm treatments of raw and ozonated OSPW were 31% and 66%, respectively. Overall, a relatively low ozone dose (30 mg of O3/liter utilized) combined with GAC biofilm treatment significantly increased NA removal rates. The treatment of OSPW in bioreactors using GAC biofilms is a promising technology for the reduction of recalcitrant OSPW organic compounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: M Shahinoor
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Yanyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Kerry N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: McPhedran
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada yang.liu@ualberta.ca mgamalel-din@ualberta.ca.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada yang.liu@ualberta.ca mgamalel-din@ualberta.ca.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gamal El-Din
mesh_terms: D020561:Alphaproteobacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development; D019149:Bioreactors; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D002606:Charcoal; D020563:Gammaproteobacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D059013:Microbial Consortia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D061329:Oil and Gas Fields; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000378:metabolism*; D010126:Ozone; D020560:Proteobacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D002606:Charcoal; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D010126:Ozone; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C046170:naphthenic acid
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