title: Novel Mechanisms of Herbal Therapies for Inhibiting HMGB1 Secretion or Action.
abstract: High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an evolutionarily conserved protein and is constitutively expressed in virtually all types of cells. In response to microbial infections, HMGB1 is secreted from activated immune cells to orchestrate rigorous inflammatory responses. Here we review the distinct mechanisms by which several herbal components inhibit HMGB1 action or secretion, such as by modulating inflammasome activation, autophagic degradation, or endocytic uptake. In light of the reciprocal interactions between these cellular processes, it is possible to develop more effective combinational herbal therapies for the clinical management of inflammatory diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA ; The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA ; The Radiation Medicine Institute of Chinese Academy, Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
authors.forename: Qiuping
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The Radiation Medicine Institute of Chinese Academy, Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
authors.forename: Saijun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA ; The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
authors.forename: Haichao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
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