title: Socioeconomic disparities in neurocognitive development in the first two years of life.
abstract: Socioeconomic status (SES) is strongly associated with cognition and achievement. Socioeconomic disparities in language and memory skills have been reported from elementary school through adolescence. Less is known about the extent to which such disparities emerge in infancy. Here, 179 infants from socioeconomically diverse families were recruited. Using a cohort-sequential design, 90 infants were followed at 9 and 15 months, and 89 were followed at 15 and 21 months. SES disparities in developmental trajectories of language and memory were present such that, at 21 months of age, children of highly educated parents scored approximately .8 standard deviations higher in both language and memory than children of less educated parents. The home language and literacy environment and parental warmth partially accounted for disparities in language, but not memory development.
authors.affiliation: Pediatrics, Office of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY. kgn2106@cumc.columbia.edu.|Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY. kgn2106@cumc.columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Kimberly G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Noble
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, TX.
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Engelhardt
authors.affiliation: Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Natalie H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Outcomes and Prevention Research, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD.
authors.forename: Luke J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Mack
authors.affiliation: University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Nail
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Outcomes and Prevention Research, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD.
authors.forename: Jyoti
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Angal
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY.
authors.forename: William P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Fifer
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Outcomes and Prevention Research, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD.
authors.forename: Amy J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Elliott
mesh_terms: D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007804:Language Development; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
keywords: cognitive development; infancy; language; memory; socioeconomic status
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