title: Development of wheat gluten/nanocellulose/titanium dioxide nanocomposites for active food packaging.
abstract: Bionanocomposites were developed by casting/evaporation of wheat gluten (WG), cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), and TiO2 nanoparticles. The effect of addition of different percentages of CNC, and TiO2 on tensile strength (TS), Young's modulus and water sensitivity was studied. A significant improvement in the studied properties is observed when 7.5% CNC and 0.6% TiO2 is added to WG. WG/CNC 7.5%/0.6% TiO2 blend suspension was chosen to coat commercial packaging unbleached kraft paper sheets via 1, 2 and 3 coating layers. A significant enhancement of 56% and 53% in breaking length and burst index, respectively, was achieved for 3 layers coated paper. The antimicrobial activity of the coated papers, against Saccharomyces cervisiae, Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, was investigated and expressed in terms of reduction % of surviving number (CFU) of the tested organisms. More than 98.5% reduction in CFU was observed against the organisms compared to TiO2-free coated paper.
authors.affiliation: Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth st., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
authors.forename: Nahla A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: El-Wakil
authors.affiliation: Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth st., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt. Electronic address: enasali69@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Enas A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.affiliation: Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth st., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ragab E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Abou-Zeid
authors.affiliation: Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP), The International School of Paper, Print Media and Biomaterials (Pagora), CS10065, 38402 Saint Martin d'Hères Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dufresne
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D018857:Food Packaging; D005983:Glutens / Q000737:chemistry; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D014867:Water; C009495:titanium dioxide; D005983:Glutens; D002482:Cellulose; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Active food packaging; Bionanocomposites; Cellulose nanocrystals; TiO(2) nanoparticle; Wheat gluten