title: Lithium might be associated with better decision-making performance in euthymic bipolar patients.
abstract: Bipolar disorder is associated with impaired decision-making. Little is known about how treatment, especially lithium, influences decision-making abilities in bipolar patients when euthymic. We aimed at testing for an association between lithium medication and decision-making performance in remitted bipolar patients. Decision-making was measured using the Iowa Gambling Task in 3 groups of subjects: 34 and 56 euthymic outpatients with bipolar disorder, treated with lithium (monotherapy and lithium combined with anticonvulsant or antipsychotic) and without lithium (anticonvulsant, antipsychotic and combination treatment), respectively, and 152 matched healthy controls. Performance was compared between the 3 groups. In the 90 euthymic patients, the relationship between different sociodemographic and clinical variables and decision-making was assessed by stepwise multivariate regression analysis. Euthymic patients with lithium (p=0.007) and healthy controls (p=0.001) selected significantly more cards from the safe decks than euthymic patients without lithium, with no significant difference between euthymic patients with lithium and healthy controls (p=0.9). In the 90 euthymic patients, the stepwise linear multivariate regression revealed that decision-making was significantly predicted (p<0.001) by lithium dose, level of education and no family history of bipolar disorder (all p≤0.01). Because medication was not randomized, it was not possible to discriminate the effect of different medications. Lithium medication might be associated with better decision-making in remitted bipolar patients. A randomized trial is required to test for the hypothesis that lithium, but not other mood stabilizers, may specifically improve decision-making abilities in bipolar disorder.
authors.affiliation: Timone Neurosciences Institute (INT), UMR 7289 CNRS-AMU, Timone Health Campus, Marseille, France; Sainte Marguerite Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Mediterranean University, Marseille, France. Electronic address: marc.adida@ap-hm.fr.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adida
authors.affiliation: McGill University, Mental Health University Institute Douglas & McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Montréal Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jollant
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: CHRU Montpellier, Inserm U1061, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Sebastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guillaume
authors.affiliation: University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Guy M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Goodwin
authors.affiliation: Timone Neurosciences Institute (INT), UMR 7289 CNRS-AMU, Timone Health Campus, Marseille, France; Sainte Marguerite Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Mediterranean University, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Azorin
authors.affiliation: CHRU Montpellier, Inserm U1061, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Courtet
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003657:Decision Making / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018020:Lithium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010045:Outpatients; D011678:Punishment; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D018692:Antimanic Agents; D018020:Lithium Compounds
keywords: Bipolar disorder; Decision-making; Euthymia; Lithium; Neurocognition