title: DNA methylation and physio-biochemical analysis of chickpea in response to cold stress.
abstract: Cold stress (CS) signals are translated into physiological changes as products of direct and/or indirect of gene expression regulated by different factors like DNA methylation. In this study, some of these factors were comparatively studied in two chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes (Sel96Th11439, cold-tolerant genotype, and ILC533, cold susceptible one) under control (23 °C) and days 1, 3, and 6 after exposing the seedlings to CS (4 °C). Under CS, tolerant genotype prevented H2O2 accumulation which led to a decrease in damage indices (malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage index) compared to susceptible one. The significant activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase) along with a significant proportion of change in DNA methylation/demethylation patterns were often effective factors in preserving cell against cold-induced oxidative stress. Chickpea cells in response to CS changed access to their genome as the number of bands without change from day 1 to day 6 of exposure to CS particularly in tolerant genotype was decreased. During CS, the methylation level was higher compared to demethylation (29.05 vs 19.79 %) in tolerant genotype and (27.92 vs 22.09 %) in susceptible one. However, for prolonged periods of CS, changes in demethylated bands in tolerant genotype were higher than that of in susceptible one (9.24 vs 4.13 %), indicating higher potential for activation of CS responsive genes. Such a status along with higher activity of antioxidants and less damage indices could be related to cold tolerance (CT) mechanisms in chickpea. Sequencing analysis confirmed the important role of some specific DNA sequences in creating CT with possible responsive components involved in CS. Thus, dynamic assessment using multi-dimensional approaches allows us to progressively fill in the gaps between physio-biochemical and molecular events in creating CT, to comprehend better the nature of the plant stress response and molecular mechanisms behind.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, 31587-77871, Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Aida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rakei
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, 31587-77871, Karaj, Iran. rmamiri@ut.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maali-Amiri
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, 31587-77871, Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zeinali
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, 46168-49767, Iran.
authors.forename: Mojtaba
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ranjbar
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D029863:Cicer / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000235:genetics*; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000378:metabolism; D005838:Genotype; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000201:enzymology; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004573:Electrolytes; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide
keywords: Antioxidants; Chickpea; Cold responses; DNA methylation; MSAP; Oxidative stress
references.citation: J Exp Bot. 2005 Jul;56(417):1785-96
references.pmid: 15883131
references.citation: Acta Biochim Pol. 2006;53(4):693-708
references.pmid: 17106511
references.citation: Physiol Mol Biol Plants. 2013 Jul;19(3):379-87
references.pmid: 24431506
references.citation: Plant Cell. 1994 Jan;6(1):65-74
references.pmid: 12244221
references.citation: J Plant Physiol. 2007 Feb;164(2):111-25
references.pmid: 17207553
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 May 12;95(10):5824-9
references.pmid: 9576969
references.citation: Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2007 Jun;10(3):317-22
references.pmid: 17468039
references.citation: Cell Biochem Biophys. 2014 Sep;70(1):399-408
references.pmid: 24691928
references.citation: Plant J. 2005 Oct;44(1):76-87
references.pmid: 16167897
references.citation: J Plant Physiol. 2014 Aug 15;171(13):1106-16
references.pmid: 24972025
references.citation: Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2001 Apr;11(2):215-20
references.pmid: 11250147
references.citation: DNA Res. 2011 Feb;18(1):53-63
references.pmid: 21217129
references.citation: Cell. 2006 Sep 22;126(6):1189-201
references.pmid: 16949657
references.citation: J Genet Genomics. 2008 Jan;35(1):41-8
references.pmid: 18222408
references.citation: J Plant Physiol. 2013 Mar 15;170(5):459-69
references.pmid: 23395538
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 1991 Jan;95(1):184-91
references.pmid: 16667949
references.citation: Plant Mol Biol. 2000 Jun;43(2-3):189-201
references.pmid: 10999404
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012 Feb;1819(2):176-85
references.pmid: 21914492
references.citation: PLoS One. 2014 May 30;9(5):e98287
references.pmid: 24879307
references.citation: Plant Physiol Biochem. 2012 Feb;51:129-38
references.pmid: 22153249
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e40203
references.pmid: 22761959
references.citation: Plant Mol Biol. 2014 Aug;85(6):639-51
references.pmid: 24908423
references.citation: Mol Genet Genomics. 2014 Dec;289(6):1075-84
references.pmid: 24916310
references.citation: Trends Biochem Sci. 1998 Jul;23(7):252-6
references.pmid: 9697415
references.citation: Plant Physiol Biochem. 2014 Sep;82:202-8
references.pmid: 24976604
references.citation: PLoS One. 2014 Jan 27;9(1):e86402
references.pmid: 24475115
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Sep;22(17):3640-59
references.pmid: 7937074
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2001 Nov;127(3):817-31
references.pmid: 11706165
references.citation: Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248-54
references.pmid: 942051
references.citation: Mol Biol Rep. 2013 Feb;40(2):893-903
references.pmid: 23065233
references.citation: Plant Mol Biol. 1995 Jan;27(2):249-61
references.pmid: 7888616
references.citation: Plant Physiol Biochem. 2010 Dec;48(12):909-30
references.pmid: 20870416
references.citation: Gene. 2012 Oct 15;508(1):125-9
references.pmid: 22967874
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Dec;81(24):8014-8
references.pmid: 6096873
references.citation: J Exp Bot. 2001 Nov;52(364):2207-11
references.pmid: 11604460
references.citation: PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e60644
references.pmid: 23555998
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2012 Oct;24(10):4266-80
references.pmid: 23110894
references.citation: Plant Physiol Biochem. 2010 Jan;48(1):21-6
references.pmid: 19889550