title: Multisensory intervention for preterm infants improves sucking organization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Premature infants are at risk for difficulties in feeding, social interaction, and growth. Many premature infants exhibit a lower capacity for self-regulation, resulting in less behavioral alertness and hypersensitivity to stimulation. Feeding is critically important because it is a primary factor for infant growth and a major concern for both parents and clinicians.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate sucking organization in premature infants following a preterm infant multisensory intervention, the Auditory, Tactile, Visual, and Vestibular (ATVV) intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of 183 healthy premature infants born 29-34 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) enrolled. Sucking organization was measured at baseline, then weekly, during the infant's hospital stay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A quadratic trend was observed for number of sucks, sucks per burst, and maturity index with the intervention group increasing significantly faster by day 7 (model estimates for group × day: β= 13.69, P < .01; β = 1.16, P < .01; and β= 0.12, P < .05, respectively). Sucking pressure increased linearly over time, with significant between-group differences at day 14 (β= 45.66, P < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ATVV infants exhibited improved sucking organization during hospitalization, suggesting that the ATVV intervention improves maturation of oral feeding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further research that includes 2 or more tests, delivered the same day and/or over consecutive days, will provide researchers and clinicians a more sensitive indicator of maturational changes in feeding behaviors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA (Dr Medoff-Cooper); Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (Drs Rankin and Liu), and Children and Family Health Science, College of Nursing (Drs Li and White-Traut), University of Illinois at Chicago; and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (Dr White-Traut).
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Medoff-Cooper
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rankin
authors.forename: Zhuoying
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Rosemary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: White-Traut
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D010812:Physical Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D013391:Sucking Behavior; D014851:Wakefulness
references.citation: Acta Paediatr. 2008 Jan;97(1):61-7
references.pmid: 18052999
references.citation: Pediatrics. 2006 Sep;118(3):e869-78
references.pmid: 16880249
references.citation: J Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 2004 Oct-Dec;18(4):353-68; quiz 369-70
references.pmid: 15646306
references.citation: J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 1994 Sep;23(7):581-9
references.pmid: 7996309
references.citation: Pediatr Nurs. 1993 Nov-Dec;19(6):625-9
references.pmid: 8278239
references.citation: J Perinatol. 1993 Jan-Feb;13(1):28-35
references.pmid: 8445444
references.citation: Infant Behav Dev. 2014 Nov;37(4):583-96
references.pmid: 25189523
references.citation: J Pediatr Nurs. 1987 Apr;2(2):96-101
references.pmid: 3550039
references.citation: Early Hum Dev. 2009 Feb;85(2):125-30
references.pmid: 18768269
references.citation: J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2009 Feb;30(1):16-22
references.pmid: 19194323
references.citation: Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009 Jun;17(3):179-86
references.pmid: 19369871
references.citation: Acta Paediatr. 2000 Apr;89(4):393-4
references.pmid: 10830446
references.citation: Acta Paediatr. 2000 Jul;89(7):846-52
references.pmid: 10943969
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2014 Apr 16;34(16):5477-85
references.pmid: 24741038
references.citation: Early Hum Dev. 2013 Oct;89(10):833-7
references.pmid: 23972294
references.citation: J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2010 Sep-Oct;39(5):519-24
references.pmid: 20919998
references.citation: Res Nurs Health. 1988 Feb;11(1):31-9
references.pmid: 3347763
references.citation: J Pediatr. 2003 Jan;142(1):36-40
references.pmid: 12520252
references.citation: J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2002 Aug;23(4):231-6
references.pmid: 12177569
references.citation: Dev Med Child Neurol. 2002 Feb;44(2):91-7
references.pmid: 11848115
references.citation: Dev Med Child Neurol. 2001 Jan;43(1):22-7
references.pmid: 11201418
references.citation: J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2009 Jul-Aug;38(4):478-89; quiz 489-90
references.pmid: 19614884