title: Problem-solving skills appraisal mediates hardiness and suicidal ideation among malaysian undergraduate students.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent evidence suggests that suicidal ideation is increased among university students, it is essential to increase our knowledge concerning the etiology of suicidal ideation among university students. This study was conducted to examine the relationships between problem-solving skills appraisal, hardiness, and suicidal ideation among university students. In addition, this study was conducted to examine problem-solving skills appraisal (including the three components of problem-solving confidence, approach-avoidance style, and personal control of emotion) as a potential mediator between hardiness and suicidal ideation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants consisted of 500 undergraduate students from Malaysian public universities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) estimated that undergraduate students with lower hardiness, poor problem-solving confidence, external personal control of emotion, and avoiding style was associated with higher suicidal ideation. Problem-solving skills appraisal (including the three components of problem-solving confidence, approach-avoidance style, and personal control of emotion) partially mediated the relationship between hardiness and suicidal ideation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings underline the importance of studying mediating processes that explain how hardiness affects suicidal ideation.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdollahi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mansor Abu
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Talib
authors.affiliation: Family, Adolescent and Child Research Center of Excellent (FACE), Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Siti Nor
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Yaacob
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Zanariah
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ismail
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008296:Malaysia; D008297:Male; D011340:Problem Solving; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D012649:Self Concept; D013334:Students; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult; D000092864:Suicide Prevention
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