title: Relative validity and reproducibility of a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire for Japanese children aged 3-6 years: application of a questionnaire established for adults in preschool children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dietary intake assessment and subsequent dietary education or intervention in young children is important in decreasing prevalence of various noncontagious diseases in adulthood. Validation of diet assessment questionnaires for preschool children has just started in Japan. In this study, we rearranged the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ), a convenient diet assessment questionnaire that is widely used in a range of situations for adults, for use in children aged 3-6 years (BDHQ3y) and then validated the BDHQ3y in Japanese children.
  
  
  METHODS
  The guardians of 61 children aged 3-4 years completed the BDHQ3y twice at an interval of 1 month, along with a 3-nonconsecutive-day diet record (DR) between the two administrations of the BDHQ3y. Dietary intakes for energy and 42 selected nutrients were estimated using both the DR and the BDHQ3y. Mean intakes estimated by the two methods were compared, and correlation coefficients were calculated. Reproducibility of the BDHQ3y estimates was investigated using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences in mean intakes estimated by the DR and the BDHQ3y were observed for one- to two-thirds of energy and examined nutrients. The median of Pearson correlation coefficients between intakes energy-adjusted by the residual method was 0.31 (interquartile range, 0.24 to 0.38). The median ICC was 0.72 (interquartile range, 0.63 to 0.76) for the crude nutrient intakes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the BDHQ3y might be a good candidate for dietary intake assessment in Japanese preschool children, its validity is currently moderate to low. Shortcomings should be overcome by obtaining and utilizing more information about children's dietary habits.
authors.affiliation: Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, University of Tokyo; Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asakura
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haga
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasaki
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
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