title: Facial dog attack injuries.
abstract: The exposed position of the face makes it vulnerable to dog bite injuries. This fact combined with the short stature of children makes them a high-risk group for such attacks. In contrast to wounds inflicted by assaults and accidents, dog bite wounds are deep puncture type wounds compounded by the presence of pathologic bacteria from the saliva of the attacking dog. This, combined with the presence of crushed, devitalized tissue makes these wounds highly susceptible to infection. Key to successful management of such wounds are meticulous cleansing of the wound, careful debridement, primary repair, appropriate antibiotic therapy, and rabies and tetanus immunization where indicated. This review presents an overview of the epidemiology, presentation, management of such emergencies, and the recent advances in the care of such patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Yantai Economic and Technological Development Zone Hospital, Yantai, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Sciences, Plot 32 and 34, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201308 India.
authors.forename: Pavan Manohar
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Patil
keywords: Bite wound; Complications; Dog bite; Facial wound; Management
references.citation: Curr Clin Top Infect Dis. 1999;19:99-111
references.pmid: 10472482
references.citation: Am Fam Physician. 2001 Apr 15;63(8):1567-72
references.pmid: 11327433
references.citation: J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1998 Jul;56(7):838-43; discussion 843-4
references.pmid: 9663574
references.citation: BMC Infect Dis. 2007 Oct 11;7:117
references.pmid: 17927841
references.citation: Vet Microbiol. 2008 Mar 18;127(3-4):360-8
references.pmid: 18029118
references.citation: Prim Care. 2003 Mar;30(1):25-39, v
references.pmid: 12825249
references.citation: Pediatr Emerg Care. 2004 Jan;20(1):40-2
references.pmid: 14716166
references.citation: Emerg Med Australas. 2008 Dec;20(6):458-67
references.pmid: 19125823
references.citation: J Craniofac Surg. 2011 Jul;22(4):1507-10
references.pmid: 21778849
references.citation: Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2006 Jun;44(3):235-9
references.pmid: 16055237
references.citation: Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005 Jul;34(5):464-72
references.pmid: 16053863
references.citation: BMJ. 2007 Feb 24;334(7590):413-7
references.pmid: 17322257
references.citation: Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2006 Jul 01;11(4):E348-50
references.pmid: 16816820
references.citation: Pediatr Emerg Care. 2011 Sep;27(9):801-3
references.pmid: 21878832
references.citation: Pediatr Emerg Care. 2002 Jun;18(3):247-9
references.pmid: 12066018
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 2002 Apr 1;109(4):1259-65
references.pmid: 11964976
references.citation: Ann Afr Med. 2012 Apr-Jun;11(2):108-11
references.pmid: 22406671
references.citation: Monatsschr Kinderheilkd. 1990 Nov;138(11):742-8
references.pmid: 2290432
references.citation: J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2005 Aug;15(8):485-8
references.pmid: 16202360
references.citation: Pediatrics. 2006 Mar;117(3):e374-9
references.pmid: 16510617
references.citation: Unfallchirurg. 1996 May;99(5):346-50
references.pmid: 8737583
references.citation: Inj Prev. 2008 Oct;14(5):296-301
references.pmid: 18836045
references.citation: Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2007 Jun;245(6):789-93
references.pmid: 17186264
references.citation: J Clin Pharm Ther. 2000 Apr;25(2):85-99
references.pmid: 10849186