title: Insulin neuroprotection and the mechanisms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the mechanism of neuroprotection of insulin and which blood glucose range was benefit for insulin exerting neuroprotective action.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study is based on the data from PubMed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Articles were selected with the search terms "insulin", "blood glucose", "neuroprotection", "brain", "glycogen", "cerebral ischemia", "neuronal necrosis", "glutamate", "γ-aminobutyric acid".
  
  
  RESULTS
  Insulin has neuroprotection. The mechanisms include the regulation of neurotransmitter, promoting glycogen synthesis, and inhibition of neuronal necrosis and apoptosis. Insulin could play its role in neuroprotection by avoiding hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intermittent and long-term infusion insulin may be a benefit for patients with ischemic brain damage at blood glucose 6-9 mmol/L.
authors.forename: Li-Yun
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pei
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents
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