title: Effect of in ovo injection of threonine on Mucin2 gene expression and digestive enzyme activity in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica).
abstract: A total of 540 Japanese quail eggs were assigned to 9 treatments of 4 replicates to investigate the effect of in ovo injection of threonine (THR) on mucin2 (MUC2) mRNA expression and digestive enzyme activity. Treatments were (non-injected) eggs and those in ovo injected with saline (0.05 or 0.1 ml) with or without THR (5 mg/ml) in two sites (in or under the air sac). On hatch day, 0.05 ml in ovo injected (under the air sac: TUAS) hatchlings were divided into three groups based on NRC recommendations for THR, while all 0.1 ml in ovo injected chicks were removed due to low hatchability. The remaining treatments received the NRC recommended diet until day 10 post-hatch. Treatments had no effect on protease and amylase activities, while TUAS increased MUC2 gene expression. In conclusion, the in ovo injection of THR increased MUC2 gene expression but had no effect on enzyme activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kermanshahi
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: ali.daneshmand@stu.um.ac.ir.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daneshmand
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: N Khodambashi
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Emami
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: D Ghofrani
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Tabari
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Doosti
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Javadmanesh
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030161:Avian Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D003370:Coturnix / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D007267:Injections / Q000662:veterinary; D007422:Intestines / Q000201:enzymology*; D055262:Mucin-2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010063:Ovum; D013912:Threonine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D030161:Avian Proteins; D055262:Mucin-2; D013912:Threonine
keywords: Digestive enzyme; Gene expression; In ovo injection; Quail; Threonine