title: Vitamin D status in Well-Controlled Caucasian HIV Patients in Relation to Inflammatory and Metabolic Markers--A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study in Sweden.
abstract: To study vitamin D (25OH D3 ) in relation to (i) microbial translocation (ii) systemic inflammation and (iii) blood lipid markers, in Caucasian, well-controlled HIV patients and healthy controls, plasma and serum samples from n = 97 male, HIV patients on HAART with immeasurable viral load (<20 copies/ml) since median 6.5 years and no concurrent inflammatory or infectious disease and n = 30 healthy controls were analysed for (i) LPS; (ii) sCD14, hsCRP, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, MCP-1 and IFN-γ; as well as (iii) blood lipids. Vitamin D levels were similarly distributed and equally low in both HIV patients and controls. There was no association between vitamin D levels and markers of microbial translocation, systemic inflammation or dyslipidemia. LPS levels were similar in both groups but HIV patients expressed higher levels of sCD14 and hsCRP, with HIV as an independent risk factor. HIV patients had higher cholesterol and Apo B levels. Notably, more HIV patients smoked and smoking was associated with lower vitamin D levels. In conclusion; these well-treated Caucasian HIV patients had similar vitamin D levels as healthy controls. However, despite perfect virological control, they exhibited slightly increased inflammatory markers and disturbed blood lipids. However, neither of these parameters were associated with low vitamin D levels but appeared to be linked to the HIV-disease per se. Thus, the rationale for vitamin D substitution as a way to improve microbial translocation and systemic inflammation is not fully supported in this HIV population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Missailidis
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Höijer
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ekström
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Venhälsan, South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bratt
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Venhälsan, South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hejdeman
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bergman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013548:Sweden; D019562:Viral Load; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D014807:Vitamin D; D002784:Cholesterol
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