title: Shear bond strength between resin cement and colored zirconia made with metal chlorides.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the application of zirconia in esthetic prostheses has increased, the shear bond strength (SBS) between colored zirconia and resin cement has not been investigated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare the SBS between resin cement and colored zirconia made with metal chlorides.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-four zirconia specimens were divided into 2 groups: one in which the specimens were bonded with resin cement, including 4-META (4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitic anhydride), and one in which the specimens were bonded with resin cement (SEcure, Sun Medical) after being processed with zirconia primer (Zirconia Liner), including 4-META. Each group was then divided into 4 subgroups depending on the coloring liquid. The subgroups were noncolored (control), commercial coloring liquid VITA In-Ceram 2000 YZ LL1, aqueous chromium chloride solution 0.1 wt%, and aqueous molybdenum chloride solution 0.1 wt%. Composite resin cylinders (Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE) were fabricated and bonded to the surface of the zirconia specimen with resin cement (SEcure). All specimens were stored in 37°C distilled water for 24 hours, and the SBS was measured with a universal testing machine. All data were analyzed statistically with 2-way ANOVA and tested post hoc with the Tukey test (α=.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences were observed among the SBS values of the colored zirconia depending on the coloring liquid (P<.001) and whether they were processed with zirconia primer (P<.001). The SBS between colored zirconia and resin cement was significantly higher than that of noncolored zirconia and resin cement in groups processed with zirconia primer (P<.05). Colored zirconia immersed in aqueous molybdenum chloride solution showed a significantly higher SBS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Coloring liquid enhanced the SBS between resin cement and zirconia processed with zirconia primer. In particular, colored zirconia immersed in aqueous molybdenum chloride solution showed the highest SBS.
authors.affiliation: Graduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Ga-Hyun
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Kwangmin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Research Professor, RIS Foundation for Advanced Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Gye-Jeong
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea. Electronic address: mcnihil@jnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hyun-Pil
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000737:chemistry*; D017608:Chromium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D003116:Color; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003775:Dental Polishing / Q000379:methods; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry*; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008982:Molybdenum / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D033081:Shear Strength; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D015019:Yttrium / Q000737:chemistry*; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D017608:Chromium Compounds; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; C444701:Filtek Z250; D008670:Metals; D008689:Methacrylates; D019279:Resin Cements; C081645:Secure resin cement; C499362:yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia; D014867:Water; D015019:Yttrium; C034139:4-methacryloxyethyltrimellitic acid anhydride; D008982:Molybdenum; C085192:molybdenum chloride; D015040:Zirconium; C017133:chromous chloride