title: Distribution of butyltins and alternative antifouling biocides in sediments from shipping and shipbuilding areas in South Korea.
abstract: The occurrence and distribution of tributyltin (TBT) and alternative biocides were investigated in sediment from semi-enclosed bays, fishing ports, and large commercial harbors in Korea. Extremely high concentration of TBT (55,264ngSn/g) was detected near a large shipyard, even after a total ban on its use in Korea. Diuron was the biocide with the highest detection frequency and concentration levels, followed by Irgarol 1051. Sea-Nine 211 was detected at 3 of 32 stations surveyed. Dichlofluanid, zinc and copper pyrithiones levels were below the detection limits at all the stations surveyed. The relatively high levels of Diuron (9-62.3ng/g) and Irgarol 1051 (1.5-11.5ng/g) were detected in harbor and shipyard areas. Diuron and Irgarol 1051 levels including TBT in sediments from hot spots in Korea exceeded global sediment quality guidelines.
authors.affiliation: Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, 41 Jangmok 1-gil, Jangmok-Myon, Geoje-shi 656-834, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Marine Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Nam Sook
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, 41 Jangmok 1-gil, Jangmok-Myon, Geoje-shi 656-834, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Environmental Chemistry and Biology, Daejeon 305-320, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, 41 Jangmok 1-gil, Jangmok-Myon, Geoje-shi 656-834, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Joon Geon
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Marine Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Hoon
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, 41 Jangmok 1-gil, Jangmok-Myon, Geoje-shi 656-834, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Environmental Chemistry and Biology, Daejeon 305-320, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: wjshim@kiost.ac.
authors.forename: Won Joon
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Shim
mesh_terms: D004202:Disinfectants / Q000032:analysis*; D004237:Diuron / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012767:Ships; D013844:Thiazoles; D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D014227:Triazines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D013844:Thiazoles; D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds; D014227:Triazines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C103341:irgarol 1051; C011559:tributyltin; C080469:Kathon 930; D004237:Diuron
keywords: Alternative biocides; Diuron; Irgarol 1051; Tributyltin