title: Recent advances in exopolysaccharides from Paenibacillus spp.: production, isolation, structure, and bioactivities.
abstract: This review provides a comprehensive summary of the most recent developments of various aspects (i.e., production, purification, structure, and bioactivity) of the exopolysaccharides (EPSs) from Paenibacillus spp. For the production, in particular, squid pen waste was first utilized successfully to produce a high yield of inexpensive EPSs from Paenibacillus sp. TKU023 and P. macerans TKU029. In addition, this technology for EPS production is prevailing because it is more environmentally friendly. The Paenibacillus spp. EPSs reported from various references constitute a structurally diverse class of biological macromolecules with different applications in the broad fields of pharmacy, cosmetics and bioremediation. The EPS produced by P. macerans TKU029 can increase in vivo skin hydration and may be a new source of natural moisturizers with potential value in cosmetics. However, the relationships between the structures and activities of these EPSs in many studies are not well established. The contents and data in this review will serve as useful references for further investigation, production, structure and application of Paenibacillus spp. EPSs in various fields.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry/Life Science Development Centre, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan. ltw27@ms55.hinet.net.
authors.forename: Tzu-Wen
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry/Life Science Development Centre, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan. sabulo@mail.tku.edu.tw.
authors.forename: San-Lang
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental / Q000187:drug effects; D019149:Bioreactors; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000639:trends; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000639:trends; D005079:Excipients / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D005503:Food Additives / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008970:Molecular Weight; D056507:Paenibacillus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D003358:Cosmetics; D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D005079:Excipients; D005503:Food Additives; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial
references.citation: Int J Biol Macromol. 2014 Sep;70:463-73
references.pmid: 25062991
references.citation: J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Oct 19;53(21):8211-5
references.pmid: 16218666
references.citation: Bioresour Technol. 2008 Sep;99(13):5640-4
references.pmid: 18054485
references.citation: Bioresour Technol. 2012 Nov;124:237-44
references.pmid: 22989651
references.citation: Biotechnol Adv. 2010 Jul-Aug;28(4):436-50
references.pmid: 20172021
references.citation: Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2014 Jan;172(2):933-50
references.pmid: 24122708
references.citation: Bioresour Technol. 2011 May;102(10):6095-103
references.pmid: 21392978
references.citation: Bioresour Technol. 2008 May;99(8):3187-94
references.pmid: 17624770
references.citation: Biomacromolecules. 2009 Sep 14;10(9):2489-98
references.pmid: 19655790
references.citation: Bioresour Technol. 2013 Apr;134:87-93
references.pmid: 23500564
references.citation: Int J Biol Macromol. 2013 Feb;53:62-6
references.pmid: 23148947
references.citation: N Biotechnol. 2011 Oct;28(6):559-65
references.pmid: 21402186
references.citation: Mar Drugs. 2015 Jan;13(1):681-96
references.pmid: 25608726
references.citation: Mini Rev Med Chem. 2010 Dec;10(14):1345-55
references.pmid: 20937027
references.citation: J Chromatogr A. 2001 Jun 22;920(1-2):13-22
references.pmid: 11452991
references.citation: Microbiol Immunol. 1997;41(9):741-5
references.pmid: 9343827
references.citation: J Biotechnol. 2006 Dec 15;127(1):129-40
references.pmid: 16872706
references.citation: Aust J Biotechnol. 1991 Apr;5(2):73-7
references.pmid: 1367323
references.citation: Bioresour Technol. 2009 Jan;100(2):859-65
references.pmid: 18713662
references.citation: Biotechnol Lett. 2005 Apr;27(7):495-7
references.pmid: 15928856
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1997 Jul;63(7):2759-64
references.pmid: 16535649
references.citation: Int J Biol Macromol. 2012 Jul-Aug;51(1-2):153-7
references.pmid: 22542852
references.citation: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 1993-1994;64(3-4):253-60
references.pmid: 8085788
references.citation: J Basic Microbiol. 2007 Apr;47(2):103-17
references.pmid: 17440912
references.citation: Bioresour Technol. 2009 Jan;100(1):316-23
references.pmid: 18684616
references.citation: J Hazard Mater. 2009 Dec 30;172(2-3):1150-5
references.pmid: 19713040
references.citation: J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 2002 Oct;29(4):189-95
references.pmid: 12355318
references.citation: Carbohydr Polym. 2013 Apr 15;94(1):332-8
references.pmid: 23544546
references.citation: Bioresour Technol. 2011 Apr;102(7):4827-33
references.pmid: 21300540
references.citation: Trends Biotechnol. 1998 Jan;16(1):41-6
references.pmid: 9470230
references.citation: Bioresour Technol. 2005 Jul;96(10):1175-82
references.pmid: 15683909
references.citation: Int J Biol Macromol. 2013 Jan;52:218-20
references.pmid: 23085490
references.citation: Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2004 Nov;119(2):159-70
references.pmid: 15531786
references.citation: J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 2008 Oct;35(10):1149-55
references.pmid: 18648866
references.citation: Carbohydr Polym. 2013 Oct 15;98(1):108-15
references.pmid: 23987323
references.citation: Food Chem Toxicol. 2012 Mar;50(3-4):767-72
references.pmid: 22142695
references.citation: J Appl Microbiol. 2004;96(5):1105-16
references.pmid: 15078528
references.citation: Bioresour Technol. 2001 Jul;78(3):267-72
references.pmid: 11341686
references.citation: Bioresour Technol. 2009 Sep;100(18):4240-3
references.pmid: 19403304
references.citation: Carbohydr Polym. 2013 Oct 15;98(1):1147-52
references.pmid: 23987456
references.citation: J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 2002 Oct;29(4):181-4
references.pmid: 12355316
references.citation: Biotechnol Adv. 2000 Nov 1;18(7):549-79
references.pmid: 14538095