title: Validation of 1-year predictive score of long-term response to interferon-β in everyday clinical practice multiple sclerosis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Rio score (RS) and the modified Rio score (MRS) are two scoring systems that can identify the early predictive factors of disability progression in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients treated with interferon-β (IFN-β). The objective of the study was to validate the usefulness of the RS and MRS in a large cohort of multiple sclerosis patients treated with IFN-β in daily clinical practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The analysis included a cohort of RRMS patients treated with different formulations of IFN-β for at least 1 year. The RS and MRS were used to classify the patients after 1 year of treatment. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify predictive variables of suboptimal response at 5 years, defined as Expanded Disability Status Scale confirmed progression or switching to a second-line therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-nine of 416 included patients were considered as suboptimal responders at 5-year evaluation. The possible score range was 0-3. A higher risk of suboptimal response was found for RS and MRS in the presence of ≥2 scores (hazard ratio 3.0, P = 0.002, and hazard ratio 5.0, P < 0.0001, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study confirmed, in a daily clinical setting, that MRS had a better specificity and accuracy than RS in identifying the patients who will have a poor response to long-term IFN-β treatment.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Romeo
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martinelli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodegher
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Perego
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maida
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Sormani
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Comi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; D016899:Interferon-beta
keywords: Rio score; daily clinical practice; interferon-beta; modified Rio score; multiple sclerosis