title: Antimicrobial activities of active component isolated from Lawsonia inermis leaves and structure-activity relationships of its analogues against food-borne bacteria.
abstract: The antimicrobial activities of Lawsonia inermis leaf extract and 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone analogues against food-borne bacteria. The antimicrobial activities of five fractions derived from the methanol extract of Lawsonia inermis leaves were evaluated against 7 food-borne bacteria. 2-Hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone was isolated by chromatographic analyses. 2-Hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone showed the strong activities against Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and S. intermedius, but exerted no growth-inhibitory activities against S. typhimurium. The antimicrobial activities of the 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone analogues were tested against 7 food-borne bacteria to establish structure-activity relationships. Hydroxyl (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone), methoxy (2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone), and methyl (2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, and 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) functional groups on the 1,4-naphthoquinone skeleton possessed potent activities, whereas bromo (2-bromo-1,4-naphthoquinone and 2,3-dibromo-1,4-naphthoquione) and chloro (2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone) exhibited no activity against 7 food-borne bacteria. The L. inermis leaf extract and 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone analogues should be useful as natural antimicrobial agents against food-borne bacteria.
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hoi-Seon
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone; Antimicrobial activity; Food-borne bacteria; Functional group; Lawsonia inermis
references.citation: J Agric Food Chem. 2004 Oct 6;52(20):6096-100
references.pmid: 15453672
references.citation: Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2011 Jun;1(3):173-6
references.pmid: 23569753
references.citation: Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2011 Jun;4(6):457-61
references.pmid: 21771698
references.citation: J Agric Food Chem. 1998 Jan 19;46(1):8-12
references.pmid: 10554188
references.citation: Food Chem. 2013 May 1;138(1):327-33
references.pmid: 23265495
references.citation: Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012 Oct;2(10):798-802
references.pmid: 23569850
references.citation: J Org Chem. 2003 Jul 11;68(14):5627-31
references.pmid: 12839455
references.citation: Allergy. 1987 Nov;42(8):561-75
references.pmid: 3322083
references.citation: Br J Dermatol. 1990 Nov;123(5):595-606
references.pmid: 2248889