title: Effects of valproate on the carotid artery intima-media thickness in epileptics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to explore the effects of valproate (VPA) on the carotid artery intima-media thickness (CA-IMT) in epileptics.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 30 epileptic patients treated with VPA was included as disease group, while 33 healthy people who matched general basic demographic details were the control group. The IMTs of the left and right carotids of the both groups were measured, and the average CA-IMT was calculated. The IMT-related risk factors were acquired for the univariate and multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The bilateral carotid and average CA-IMTs of the disease group were significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.001). The multivariant gradual regressive analysis screened out two CA-IMT-related factors, namely the disease duration and the drug administration duration were positively correlated with the average CA-IMT. The epileptic patients with disease course of more than 3 years had much higher average CA-IMT than that of the epileptics with ≤3 years disease (P < 0.001). The average CA-IMT of the patients with VPA-administration duration >1 year was also higher than that of the patients with VPA-administration duration <1 year, while the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.196).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The average CA-IMT of the epileptic patients treated with VPA was higher than that of healthy people.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
authors.forename: Xinming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
authors.forename: Liying
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects*; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D015415:Biomarkers; D008055:Lipids; D014635:Valproic Acid
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Epilepsy; Valproate; the carotid artery intima-media thickness
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