title: The comparison of GLUT-4 and nNOS expression in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with BPH/LUTS.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression in diabetic and non-diabetic patients who underwent TUR-P or transvesical prostatectomy with the diagnosis of BPH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty diabetic patients with an average age of 58 and 30 non-diabetic patients with that of 56 were included in the study. T-PSA, IPSS, Q max value and prostate volume were compared between the two groups. The stromal and glandular staining scores of GLUT-4 and nNOS expression were compared. Student's t test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no statistically significant difference in terms of age, IPSS, Qmax and PSA. Patients with diabetes had larger prostate volumes (p = 0.02). Mean GLUT-4 glandular total scores in diabetic and non-diabetic patients were 3.36 ± 1.21 and 2.1 ± 1.39, respectively, whereas stromal total scores were 3.63 ± 1.12 and 2.46 ± 1.33, and they were both statistically significant (p = 0.028 and p = 0.032, respectively). Glandular total nNOS scores in diabetic and non-diabetic patients were 4.53 ± 1.0 and 2.80 ± 1.12, while stromal total scores were 1.76 ± 1,0 and 2.30 ± 1.08 and they were found to be statistically significant (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.037, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GLUT-4 expression was found higher in prostatic tissue of the patients with diabetes mellitus. The expression value of nNOS was higher in the glandular area in diabetic patients, while stromal area expression score was higher in non-diabetic patients. Although our findings indicate important results, carefully designed further studies are needed to better comprehend the role of GLUT-4 and NOS pathways in BPH/LUTS pathophysiology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Alper
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Otunctemur
authors.forename: Huseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Besiroglu
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dursun
authors.forename: Levent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ozcan
authors.forename: Emre Can
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Polat
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Somay
authors.forename: Nurver
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ozbay
authors.forename: Kutan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ozer
authors.forename: Emin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozbek
mesh_terms: D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I
references.citation: Eur Urol. 2001 Feb;39(2):151-8
references.pmid: 11223674
references.citation: IUBMB Life. 2007 Mar;59(3):134-45
references.pmid: 17487684
references.citation: Endocrinology. 1998 Feb;139(2):799-802
references.pmid: 9449657
references.citation: Acta Diabetol. 2013 Apr;50(2):227-32
references.pmid: 21604201
references.citation: Eur J Pharmacol. 1994 Feb 15;266(3):269-75
references.pmid: 7513645
references.citation: Curr Opin Urol. 2011 Jan;21(1):22-6
references.pmid: 21171199
references.citation: J Auton Nerv Syst. 1997 Apr 14;63(3):115-26
references.pmid: 9138243
references.citation: J Urol. 2000 Jun;163(6):1725-9
references.pmid: 10799169
references.citation: Urology. 1995 Mar;45(3):435-9
references.pmid: 7533455
references.citation: J Urol. 1995 Feb;153(2):342-4
references.pmid: 7815578
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 May 24;91(11):5212-6
references.pmid: 7515189
references.citation: J Urol. 1984 Sep;132(3):474-9
references.pmid: 6206240
references.citation: Curr Urol Rep. 2009 Jul;10(4):247-53
references.pmid: 19570484
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2005 Jan;28(1):177-85
references.pmid: 15616253
references.citation: Q J Med. 1986 Dec;61(236):1081-90
references.pmid: 3310065
references.citation: Eur J Pharmacol. 1992 Dec 15;229(2-3):273-6
references.pmid: 1490527
references.citation: Curr Urol Rep. 2001 Aug;2(4):297-301
references.pmid: 12084255
references.citation: J Urol. 1991 Feb;145(2):405-9
references.pmid: 1703242
references.citation: Prostate. 2010 Jan 1;70(1):79-89
references.pmid: 19790233
references.citation: Urol Clin North Am. 1995 May;22(2):237-46
references.pmid: 7539172
references.citation: Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 1998 Mar;1(3):157-162
references.pmid: 12496910
references.citation: PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e27854
references.pmid: 22114711
references.citation: Clin Chim Acta. 2006 Aug;370(1-2):89-93
references.pmid: 16516184
references.citation: Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2009;12(2):160-5
references.pmid: 18825163
references.citation: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2002 Apr;3(4):267-77
references.pmid: 11994746
references.citation: Fertil Steril. 1995 May;63(5):1101-7
references.pmid: 7536692