title: Surviving the heat: heterogeneity of response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae provides insight into thermal damage to the membrane.
abstract: Environmental heat stress impacts on the physiology and viability of microbial cells with concomitant implications for microbial activity and diversity. Previously, it has been demonstrated that gradual heating of Saccharomyces cerevisiae induces a degree of thermal resistance, whereas a heat shock results in a high level of cell death. Here, we show that the impact of exogenous nutrients on acquisition of thermal resistance differs between strains. Using single-cell methods, we demonstrate the extent of heterogeneity of the heat-stress response within populations of yeast cells and the presence of subpopulations that are reversibly damaged by heat stress. Such cells represent potential for recovery of entire populations once stresses are removed. The results show that plasma membrane permeability and potential are key factors involved in cell survival, but thermal resistance is not related to homeoviscous adaptation of the plasma membrane. These results have implications for growth and regrowth of populations experiencing environmental heat stress and our understanding of impacts at the level of the single cell. Given the important role of microbes in biofuel production and bioremediation, a thorough understanding of the impact of stress responses of populations and individuals is highly desirable.
authors.affiliation: UMR A 02.102 Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques (PAM), Equipe Procédés Microbiologiques et Biotechnologiques (PMB), 1 Esplanade Erasme, 21000, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guyot
authors.affiliation: UMR A 02.102 Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques (PAM), Equipe Procédés Microbiologiques et Biotechnologiques (PMB), 1 Esplanade Erasme, 21000, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gervais
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Aberystwyth, Wales, SY23 3DA, UK.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Spectral Imagerie Resource Center, Agrosup Dijon/Université de Bourgogne, 1 Esplanade Erasme, 21000, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Winckler
authors.affiliation: UMR A 02.102 Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques (PAM), Equipe Procédés Microbiologiques et Biotechnologiques (PMB), 1 Esplanade Erasme, 21000, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dumont
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Aberystwyth, Wales, SY23 3DA, UK.
authors.forename: Hazel Marie
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Davey
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D018869:Heat-Shock Response / Q000502:physiology*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008560:Membrane Fluidity / Q000502:physiology; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
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