title: FTY720 enhances TRAIL-mediated apoptosis by up-regulating DR5 and down-regulating Mcl-1 in cancer cells.
abstract: FTY720, Fingolimod, is a functional antagonist to the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor and an inhibitor of sphingosine kinase 1. Here, we showed that a combination of FTY720 and TRAIL induced apoptosis in human renal, breast, and colon carcinoma cells. Most importantly, this combination had no effect on normal cells. Furthermore, the combined treatment with FTY720 and TRAIL reduced tumor growth in xenograft models. FTY720 up-regulated death receptor (DR)5 at post-translational level. Knockdown of DR5 markedly blocked apoptosis induced by the combined treatment. FTY720 also inhibited Mcl-1 expression at the post-translational level. Over-expression of Mcl-1 blocked apoptosis induced by FTY720 and TRAIL. Interestingly, phospho-FTY720 and inhibitors of sphingosine kinase failed to enhance TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Thus, FTY720 enables TRAIL-induced apoptosis through up-regulation of DR5 and down-regulation of Mcl-1 in human cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 704-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seon Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 704-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Bo Ram
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 704-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung-jin
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 704-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Taeg Kyu
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Kwon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000068876:Fingolimod Hydrochloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D064549:Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection; D047368:Tumor Burden; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: C579095:MCL1 protein, human; D064549:Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; C505653:TNFSF10 protein, human; D000068876:Fingolimod Hydrochloride
keywords: DR5; FTY720; Mcl-1; TRAIL; apoptosis
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