title: Animal models of Multiple Sclerosis.
abstract: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) which involves a complex interaction between immune system and neural cells. Animal modeling has been critical for addressing MS pathogenesis. The three most characterized animal models of MS are (1) the experimental autoimmune/allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE); (2) the virally-induced chronic demyelinating disease, known as Theiler׳s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection and (3) the toxin-induced demyelination. All these models, in a complementary way, have allowed to reach a good knowledge of the pathogenesis of MS. Specifically, EAE is the model which better reflects the autoimmune pathogenesis of MS and is extremely useful to study potential experimental treatments. Furthermore, both TMEV and toxin-induced demyelination models are suitable for characterizing the role of the axonal injury/repair and the remyelination process in MS. In conclusion, animal models, despite their limitations, remain the most useful instrument for implementing the study of MS.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR) c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Procaccini
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR) c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy; Unità di NeuroImmunologia, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: De Rosa
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pucino
authors.affiliation: Divisione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Formisano
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Baronissi Campus, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy; IRCCS Multimedica, 20138 Milano, Italy. Electronic address: gmatarese@unisa.it.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Matarese
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018188:Cardiovirus Infections / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D017945:Theilovirus / Q000472:pathogenicity
keywords: EAE; Immune system; Multiple Sclerosis
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