title: 3D printing of patient-specific anatomy: A tool to improve patient consent and enhance imaging interpretation by trainees.
abstract: We report the use of three-dimensional or 3D printed, patient-specific anatomy as a tool to improve informed patient consent and patient understanding in a case of posterior lumbar fixation. Next, we discuss its utility as an educational tool to enhance imaging interpretation by neurosurgery trainees.
authors.affiliation: a University of Edinburgh Medical School , Edinburgh , Midlothian , UK.
authors.forename: Yaoren
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liew
authors.affiliation: b School of Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK.
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Beveridge
authors.affiliation: c Department of Clinical Neurosciences , Western General Hospital , Edinburgh , UK.
authors.forename: Andreas K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Demetriades
authors.affiliation: c Department of Clinical Neurosciences , Western General Hospital , Edinburgh , UK.
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hughes
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D008161:Lumbosacral Region / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D009493:Neurosurgery / Q000193:education*; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000379:methods*; D013131:Spine / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery*; D013168:Spondylolisthesis / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: 3D printing; medical education; patient consent