title: Review of HIV response in Pakistan using a system thinking framework.
abstract: Pakistan has moved from a 'low prevalence-high risk' to a 'concentrated epidemic' state, yet the forcefulness required for managing this silent escalation of HIV infected numbers is not being highlighted, as it should be. A more comprehensive review of the national strategy for HIV/AIDS would necessitate a system's thinking. For this purpose, the WHO's Health Systems Building Blocks have been discussed to analyse whether this framework can be employed to take some corrective measures. An extensive literature review in this regard helps to understand that the service delivery has to be responsive, but skilled human resources, a robust information system, an uninterrupted supplies and use of latest technology, adequate financing, and above all good governance at operational level are essential ingredients, which call for re-orienting the national programme today. Lack of coordination, capacity, and interventions with questionable sustainability pave a perilous path. Hitherto, the issue can be addressed by involving stakeholders from all levels of the society and managing the void between policy and implementation. Furthermore, interventions that focus on the long-term future are imperative to combat the menace threatening human lives.
authors.affiliation: Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan.|Community and Family Medicine, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan; drahmedabdullah83@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Muhammad Ahmed
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.affiliation: Health Systems & Policy, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Babar Tasneem
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Shaikh
mesh_terms: D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D003906:Developing Countries; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D014944:World Health Organization
keywords: HIV/AIDS; Pakistan; building blocks; health system
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