title: Effect of dentin bonding agent diffusing through dentin slices on the reactive oxygen species production and apoptosis of pulpal cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dentin bonding agents (DBAs) are cytotoxic to dental pulp cells. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of three DBAs (Optibond Solo Plus, Op; Clearfil SE Bond, SE; and Xeno III, Xe) after diffusion through 0.2-mm or 0.5-mm dentin slices on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis in dental pulp cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The amounts of DBAs diffusing through 0.2-mm or 0.5-mm dentin slices were quantified using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The effects of diffused DBAs on ROS production and viability of dental pulp cells were investigated using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay on Days 1 and 2. Flow cytometric analysis and double staining of treated dental pulp cells with Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (V-FITC) and propidium iodide (PI) were performed on Day 2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Xe showed greatest diffusion through dentin slices after 8-hour period, followed by SE and Op. Dental pulp cells produced a lesser amount of ROS, when treated with DBAs diffusing through a 0.5-mm dentin slice than through a 0.2-mm dentin slice for the same period of time. A small proportion of cells were TUNEL-positive after treatment with any of the three diffused DBAs. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining identified apoptotic cells; cell survival was higher in those cells treated with DBAs diffusing through a 0.5-mm dentin slice than through a 0.2-mm dentin slice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The three DBAs after diffusion through 0.2- or 0.5-mm dentin slice still exhibit cytotoxicity to dental pulp cells. However, the 0.5-mm dentin slice is found to be a better barrier than the 0.2-mm dentin slice to protect dental pulp cells from DBA-induced cytotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Bor-Shiunn
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yih-Dean
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Jan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Guo-Shiang
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Hsun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Han-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Juo-Song
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: yeshes@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Wan-Yu
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Tseng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000633:toxicity*; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology*; D003804:Dentin / Q000737:chemistry; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000633:toxicity*; D013624:Taiwan; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C438313:Clearfil SE Bond; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; C428805:OptiBond SOLO; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019279:Resin Cements; C487957:Xeno III; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate
keywords: apoptosis; cytotoxicity; dental pulp cell; dentin bounding agent; dentin slice; reactive oxygen species