title: Trichinellosis in Vietnam.
abstract: Trichinellosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease with a worldwide distribution. The aim of this work was to describe the epidemiological and clinical data of five outbreaks of trichinellosis, which affected ethnic minorities living in remote mountainous areas of northwestern Vietnam from 1970 to 2012. Trichinellosis was diagnosed in 126 patients, of which 11 (8.7%) were hospitalized and 8 (6.3%) died. All infected people had consumed raw pork from backyard and roaming pigs or wild boar at wedding, funeral, or New Year parties. The short incubation period (average of 9.5 days), the severity of the symptoms, which were characterized by diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, myalgia, edema, weight loss, itch, and lisping, and the high mortality, suggest that patients had ingested a high number of larvae. The larval burden in pigs examined in one of the outbreaks ranged from 70 to 879 larvae/g. These larvae and those collected from a muscle biopsy taken from a patient from the 2012 outbreak were identified as Trichinella spiralis. Data presented in this work show that the northern regions of Vietnam are endemic areas for Trichinella infections in domestic pigs and humans.
authors.affiliation: Hanoi Medical University of Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam; Parasitology Section, National Centre for Veterinary Diagnosis, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Hanoi, Vietnam; National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam; European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Nguyen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Van De
authors.affiliation: Hanoi Medical University of Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam; Parasitology Section, National Centre for Veterinary Diagnosis, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Hanoi, Vietnam; National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam; European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Vu
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Thi Nga
authors.affiliation: Hanoi Medical University of Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam; Parasitology Section, National Centre for Veterinary Diagnosis, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Hanoi, Vietnam; National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam; European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dorny
authors.affiliation: Hanoi Medical University of Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam; Parasitology Section, National Centre for Veterinary Diagnosis, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Hanoi, Vietnam; National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam; European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Nguyen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vu Trung
authors.affiliation: Hanoi Medical University of Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam; Parasitology Section, National Centre for Veterinary Diagnosis, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Hanoi, Vietnam; National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam; European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Pham
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ngoc Minh
authors.affiliation: Hanoi Medical University of Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam; Parasitology Section, National Centre for Veterinary Diagnosis, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Hanoi, Vietnam; National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam; European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Do
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trung Dung
authors.affiliation: Hanoi Medical University of Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam; Parasitology Section, National Centre for Veterinary Diagnosis, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Hanoi, Vietnam; National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam; European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy edoardo.pozio@iss.it.
authors.forename: Edoardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pozio
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors; D013552:Swine / Q000469:parasitology; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology; D014235:Trichinellosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D014744:Vietnam / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
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