title: MALDI-TOF typing highlights geographical and fluconazole resistance clusters in Candida glabrata.
abstract: Utilizing matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra for Candida glabrata typing would be a cost-effective and easy-to-use alternative to classical DNA-based typing methods. This study aimed to use MALDI-TOF for the typing of C. glabrata clinical isolates from various geographical origins and test its capacity to differentiate between fluconazole-sensitive and -resistant strains.Both microsatellite length polymorphism (MLP) and MALDI-TOF mass spectra of 58 C. glabrata isolates originating from Marseilles (France) and Tunis (Tunisia) as well as collection strains from diverse geographic origins were analyzed. The same analysis was conducted on a subset of C. glabrata isolates that were either susceptible (MIC ≤ 8 mg/l) or resistant (MIC ≥ 64 mg/l) to fluconazole.According to the seminal results, both MALDI-TOF and MLP classifications could highlight C. glabrata population structures associated with either geographical dispersal barriers (p < 10(-5)) or the selection of antifungal drug resistance traits (<10(-5)).In conclusion, MALDI-TOF geographical clustering was congruent with MPL genotyping and highlighted a significant population genetic structure according to fluconazole susceptibility in C. glabrata. Furthermore, although MALDI-TOF and MLP resulted in distinct classifications, MALDI-TOF also classified the isolates with respect to their fluconazole susceptibility profile. Further prospective studies are required to evaluate the capacity of MALDI-TOF typing to investigate C. glabrata infection outbreaks and predict the antifungal susceptibility profile of clinical laboratory isolates.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dhieb
authors.affiliation: Parasitolgy-Mycology, APHM, CHU Timone, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Normand
authors.affiliation: Aix Marseille Université, IP-TPT UMR MD3, 13005, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Yasiri
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Hôpital La Rabta, Tunis, Tunisia.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chaker
authors.affiliation: Service de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie, Hôpital La Rabta, Tunis, Tunisia.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: El Euch
authors.affiliation: Applied Maths NV, 9830, Sint-Martens-Latem, Belgium.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vranckx
authors.affiliation: BCCM/IHEM: Scientific Institute of Public Health, Mycology and Aerobiology Section, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hendrickx
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sadfi
authors.affiliation: Parasitolgy-Mycology, APHM, CHU Timone, Marseille, France Aix Marseille Université, IP-TPT UMR MD3, 13005, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Piarroux
authors.affiliation: Parasitolgy-Mycology, APHM, CHU Timone, Marseille, France Aix Marseille Université, IP-TPT UMR MD3, 13005, Marseille, France stephane.ranque@ap-hm.fr.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ranque
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D041221:Candida glabrata / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D058889:Molecular Typing; D016533:Mycological Typing Techniques; D010641:Phenotype; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D019371:Topography, Medical; D014416:Tunisia / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D015725:Fluconazole
keywords: Candida glabrata; MALDI-TOF; clinical microbiology; fluconazole susceptibility; microsatellites; typing