title: Isoflavones in soy flour diet have different effects on whole-genome expression patterns than purified isoflavone mix in human MCF-7 breast tumors in ovariectomized athymic nude mice.
abstract: METHODS
  Soy flour diet (MS) prevented isoflavones from stimulating MCF-7 tumor growth in athymic nude mice, indicating that other bioactive compounds in soy can negate the estrogenic properties of isoflavones. The underlying signal transduction pathways to explain the protective effects of soy flour consumption were studied here.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ovariectomized athymic nude mice inoculated with MCF-7 human breast cancer cells were fed either Soy flour diet (MS) or purified isoflavone mix diet (MI), both with equivalent amounts of genistein. Positive controls received estradiol pellets and negative controls received sham pellets. GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array platform was used to evaluate gene expressions, and results were analyzed using bioinformatics approaches. Tumors in MS-fed mice exhibited higher expression of tumor growth suppressing genes ATP2A3 and BLNK and lower expression of oncogene MYC. Tumors in MI-fed mice expressed a higher level of oncogene MYB and a lower level of MHC-I and MHC-II, allowing tumor cells to escape immunosurveillance. MS-induced gene expression alterations were predictive of prolonged survival among estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer patients, whilst MI-induced gene changes were predictive of shortened survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that dietary soy flour affects gene expression differently than purified isoflavones, which may explain why soy foods prevent isoflavones-induced stimulation of MCF-7 tumor growth in athymic nude mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Yunxian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hilakivi-Clarke
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Yukun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Arlington, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Yuan-Xiang
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Arlington, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xuan
authors.affiliation: Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA.
authors.forename: Stefanie C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Fleck
authors.affiliation: Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Doerge
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Helferich
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D019295:Computational Biology; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D019833:Genistein / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010052:Ovariectomy; D048789:Phytoestrogens / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011897:Random Allocation; D045730:Soy Foods / Q000032:analysis*; D047368:Tumor Burden; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D007529:Isoflavones; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D048789:Phytoestrogens; C004742:daidzein; D019833:Genistein
keywords: Breast cancer; Isoflavones; MCF-7; Soy; Whole-genome expression
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