title: An in-vitro-in-vivo model for the transdermal delivery of cholecalciferol for the purposes of rodent management.
abstract: The natural selection of anticoagulant resistant rats has resulted in a need for an alternative to anticoagulant rodenticides which differs in both active ingredient and in the method of dosing. Cholecalciferol toxicity to rodents using the dermal route is demonstrated using a variety of penetration enhancing formulations in two in-vitro models and finally in-vivo. A 1 ml dose of 50/50 (v/v) DMSO/ethanol containing 15% (v/v) PEG 200 and 20% (w/v) cholecalciferol was judged as 'sufficiently effective' in line with the European Union's Biocidal Products Regulation (No. 528/2012) during in-vivo studies. This dose was found to cause 100% mortality in a rat population in 64.4h (± 22h).
authors.affiliation: School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK. Electronic address: a.j.ingham@aston.ac.uk.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ingham
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D002482:Cellulose; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D004058:Diffusion; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide; D000431:Ethanol; D005060:Europe; D007880:Legislation, Drug; D008297:Male; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012378:Rodenticides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D012869:Skin Absorption; D012997:Solvents
chemical_list: D012378:Rodenticides; D012997:Solvents; D002762:Cholecalciferol; D000431:Ethanol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D002482:Cellulose; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide
keywords: BPR; Cholecalciferol; Cholecalciferol (PubChem CID: 5280795); Efficacy; Regulation No. 528/2012; Rodenticide; Transdermal
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