title: Altered amygdala connectivity in urban youth exposed to trauma.
abstract: Early life trauma exposure represents a potent risk factor for the development of mental illnesses such as anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Moreover, deleterious consequences of trauma are exacerbated in youth living in impoverished, urban environments. A priori probability maps were used to examine resting-state functional connectivity (FC) of the amygdala in 21 trauma-exposed, and 21 age- and sex-matched urban children and adolescents (youth) without histories of trauma. Intrinsic FC analyses focused on amygdala-medial prefrontal circuitry, a key emotion regulatory pathway in the brain. We discovered reduced negative amygdala-subgenual cingulate connectivity in trauma-exposed youth. Differences between groups were also identified in anterior insula and dorsal anterior cingulate to amygdala connectivity. Overall, results suggest a model in which urban-dwelling trauma-exposed youth lack negative prefrontal to amygdala connectivity that may be critical for regulation of emotional responses. Functional changes in amygdala circuitry might reflect the biological embedding of stress reactivity in early life and mediate enhanced vulnerability to stress-related psychopathology.
authors.affiliation: Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute for Child and Family Development, Wayne State University, Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, moriah@wayne.edu.
authors.forename: Moriah E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Thomason
authors.affiliation: Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute for Child and Family Development, Wayne State University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, and.
authors.forename: Hilary A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Marusak
authors.affiliation: Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Tocco
authors.affiliation: Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute for Child and Family Development, Wayne State University.
authors.forename: Angela M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Vila
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, and.
authors.forename: Olivia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: McGarragle
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, and.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000679:Amygdala / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000067073:Psychological Trauma / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000503:physiopathology; D014505:Urban Population
keywords: adolescent; child; maltreatment; resting-state; urban
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009 Dec;66(12):1361-72
references.pmid: 19996041
references.citation: Neuroscience. 2013 Sep 26;249:53-62
references.pmid: 23340244
references.citation: J Health Soc Behav. 2005 Sep;46(3):274-88
references.pmid: 16259149
references.citation: Front Hum Neurosci. 2010 Jan 08;3:68
references.pmid: 20161700
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Oct 16;109 Suppl 2:17180-5
references.pmid: 23045648
references.citation: Front Syst Neurosci. 2013 Feb 04;6:80
references.pmid: 23382713
references.citation: JAMA. 2001 Dec 26;286(24):3089-96
references.pmid: 11754674
references.citation: Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2003 Jan;41(1):88-123
references.pmid: 12505650
references.citation: Mol Psychiatry. 2001 Jan;6(1):13-34
references.pmid: 11244481
references.citation: Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2014;16:109-29
references.pmid: 24264369
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2009 Sep 16;29(37):11614-8
references.pmid: 19759308
references.citation: Psychol Med. 1998 Jan;28(1):51-61
references.pmid: 9483683
references.citation: Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2008 Dec;17(6):370-375
references.pmid: 21701602
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2007 Aug 1;37(1):90-101
references.pmid: 17560126
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2001 Aug;14(2):253-7
references.pmid: 11467900
references.citation: Dev Sci. 2011 Mar;14(2):190-204
references.pmid: 21399712
references.citation: PLoS One. 2010;5(5):e10574
references.pmid: 20485530
references.citation: Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2006 Dec;16(6):723-7
references.pmid: 17084617
references.citation: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2013 Jun;52(6):642-52.e1
references.pmid: 23702453
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2012 Jan 16;59(2):1420-8
references.pmid: 21889994
references.citation: Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2011 Jan;6(1):74-81
references.pmid: 20207692
references.citation: Am J Community Psychol. 2014 Mar;53(1-2):159-72
references.pmid: 24469249
references.citation: Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2009 Nov-Dec;31(6):505-14
references.pmid: 19892208
references.citation: Neuropsychopharmacology. 2015 Apr;40(5):1250-8
references.pmid: 25413183
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2012 Feb 15;71(4):286-93
references.pmid: 22112927
references.citation: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997 Apr;36(4):545-53
references.pmid: 9100430
references.citation: Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2009 Dec;4(4):423-8
references.pmid: 20035017
references.citation: Hum Brain Mapp. 2014 Sep;35(9):4815-26
references.pmid: 24737710
references.citation: Dev Psychopathol. 2001 Summer;13(3):539-64
references.pmid: 11523847
references.citation: J Clin Psychol. 2006 Jul;62(7):801-13
references.pmid: 16703601
references.citation: Neuron. 2013 Jul 10;79(1):16-29
references.pmid: 23849196
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2007 Oct;164(10):1476-88
references.pmid: 17898336
references.citation: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2000 Jan;41(1):97-116
references.pmid: 10763678
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2012 Jan 2;59(1):431-8
references.pmid: 21810475
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2012 Feb 1;59(3):2142-54
references.pmid: 22019881
references.citation: Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2013 Dec;15(4):419-29
references.pmid: 24459409
references.citation: J Comp Neurol. 2005 Dec 5;493(1):154-66
references.pmid: 16254997
references.citation: Trends Cogn Sci. 2011 Feb;15(2):85-93
references.pmid: 21167765
references.citation: Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2003 Oct;23(4-5):727-38
references.pmid: 14514027
references.citation: Anat Embryol (Berl). 2005 Dec;210(5-6):343-52
references.pmid: 16208455
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2008 May 15;63(10):927-34
references.pmid: 18452757
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011 Apr;1225:72-82
references.pmid: 21534994
references.citation: Mol Psychiatry. 2011 Jun;16(6):664-71
references.pmid: 21242990
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010 Nov;67(11):1187-97
references.pmid: 21041620
references.citation: Nature. 2012 Nov 1;491(7422):S20
references.pmid: 23136657
references.citation: Am J Prev Med. 1998 May;14(4):245-58
references.pmid: 9635069
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010 Feb;67(2):113-23
references.pmid: 20124111
references.citation: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2013 Mar;52(3):290-299.e2
references.pmid: 23452685
references.citation: Annu Rev Med. 1968;19:283-300
references.pmid: 4297619
references.citation: J Trauma Stress. 2011 Dec;24(6):747-51
references.pmid: 22144187
references.citation: Child Abuse Negl. 2007 Apr;31(4):393-415
references.pmid: 17412420
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Sep 24;110(39):15638-43
references.pmid: 24019460
references.citation: Neuron. 2005 Oct 20;48(2):175-87
references.pmid: 16242399
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2015 Jan 15;105:536-51
references.pmid: 25462692
references.citation: Transl Psychiatry. 2013;3:e296
references.pmid: 23982628
references.citation: Front Psychiatry. 2011 Nov 14;2:62
references.pmid: 22102841
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2009 Apr 1;45(2):614-26
references.pmid: 19110061
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2011 Sep;168(9):968-78
references.pmid: 21632648
references.citation: J Consult Clin Psychol. 1984 Dec;52(6):955-67
references.pmid: 6520288
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2009 Sep;47(3):864-71
references.pmid: 19500680
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2005 May 1;25(4):1325-35
references.pmid: 15850749
references.citation: J Trauma Stress. 2013 Dec;26(6):784-7
references.pmid: 24343754
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2012 Dec;15(12):1736-41
references.pmid: 23143517
references.citation: Neuropsychopharmacology. 2014 Jan;39(2):351-9
references.pmid: 23929546
references.citation: Hum Brain Mapp. 2009 Oct;30(10):3332-8
references.pmid: 19347877
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007 Jan;64(1):97-106
references.pmid: 17199059
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2014 Jul 15;95:193-207
references.pmid: 24662579
references.citation: Child Abuse Negl. 2007 Mar;31(3):211-29
references.pmid: 17399786
references.citation: J Psychiatr Res. 2013 Oct;47(10):1469-78
references.pmid: 23827769
references.citation: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2011 Mar;214(1):55-70
references.pmid: 20865251
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2013 Mar 6;33(10):4584-93
references.pmid: 23467374
references.citation: Exp Brain Res. 1996 Mar;108(2):285-96
references.pmid: 8815036
references.citation: Curr Biol. 2011 Dec 6;21(23):R947-8
references.pmid: 22153160
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Nov 19;110(47):19119-24
references.pmid: 24191026
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1995 Dec;52(12):1048-60
references.pmid: 7492257
references.citation: Psychol Med. 1997 Sep;27(5):1101-19
references.pmid: 9300515
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Nov 5;110(45):18274-8
references.pmid: 24145410
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 2013 Apr;202(4):269-76
references.pmid: 23470285
references.citation: Child Abuse Negl. 2005 May;29(5):597-619
references.pmid: 15970327
references.citation: Psychol Med. 2013 Sep;43(9):1921-7
references.pmid: 23194671
references.citation: Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2013 Jan;23(1):24-32
references.pmid: 23141153
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 May 15;109(20):7941-6
references.pmid: 22547826