title: Polygenic risk for externalizing disorders: Gene-by-development and gene-by-environment effects in adolescents and young adults.
abstract: In this project, we aimed to bring large-scale gene identification findings into a developmental psychopathology framework. Using a family-based sample, we tested whether polygenic scores for externalizing disorders-based on single nucleotide polymorphism weights derived from genome-wide association study results in adults (n = 1,249)-predicted externalizing disorders, subclinical externalizing behavior, and impulsivity-related traits adolescents (n = 248) and young adults (n = 207), and whether parenting and peer factors in adolescence moderated polygenic risk to predict externalizing disorders. Polygenic scores predicted externalizing disorders in adolescents and young adults, even after controlling for parental externalizing disorder history. Polygenic scores also predicted subclinical externalizing behavior and impulsivity traits in the adolescents and young adults. Adolescent parental monitoring and peer substance use moderated polygenic scores to predict externalizing disorders. This illustrates how state of the science genetics can be integrated with psychological science to identify how genetic risk contributes to the development of psychopathology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University.
authors.forename: Jessica E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Salvatore
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University.
authors.forename: Fazil
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aliev
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Washington University.
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bucholz
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Washington University.
authors.forename: Arpana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hesselbrock
authors.affiliation: School of Social Work, University of Connecticut.
authors.forename: Michie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hesselbrock
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut.
authors.forename: Lance
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuperman
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California-San Diego.
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Schuckit
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University.
authors.forename: Howard J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Edenberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University.
authors.forename: Tatiana M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Foroud
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University.
authors.forename: Danielle M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Dick
keywords: Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA); developmental; externalizing disorders; gene-by-development; gene-by-environment; impulsivity; polygenic
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