title: Evaluation of cognitive behaviour therapy for paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder in the context of tic disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and tic disorders (TD) often present together. However, there has been relatively little research on whether comorbid tic disorders influence response to cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for OCD. This study aimed to examine the outcomes of CBT for paediatric patients with OCD and a tic disorder compared to a matched group of children with OCD and no tics. Outcomes were compared post-treatment and at 3 or 6 month follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 29 young people with tic disorders and OCD (OCD + TD) and 29 young people with OCD without tic disorders (OCD-TD) who were matched according to age, gender and baseline OCD symptom severity. All participants received a course of CBT and outcomes were assessed using the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  OCD symptoms reduced over the course of CBT to an equivalent extent in the OCD + TD and OCD-TD groups. Response or remission rates did not differ significantly at either post-intervention or follow-up between those with OCD + TD and those with OCD-TD. For both groups, response rates were high - 72% of both groups were classified as responders post-intervention and, at follow-up, 81% of the OCD + TD group and 82% of the OCD no tics group responded. Those with OCD + TD responded in significantly fewer sessions than those with OCD without tics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A number of potential confounding factors were not assessed and therefore could not be controlled for, such as other comorbidities and stability of medication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Paediatric patients with OCD and tic disorders respond equally well to standard CBT for OCD as compared to those with OCD and no tics.
authors.affiliation: UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK. Electronic address: Sophie.Bennett.10@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.affiliation: Psychological Medicine Team, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK. Electronic address: Daniel.Stark@gosh.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stark
authors.affiliation: UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK. Electronic address: R.Shafran@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Roz
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shafran
authors.affiliation: UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK; Psychological Medicine Team, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK. Electronic address: I.Heyman@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Isobel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Heyman
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK; OCD and Related Disorders Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. Electronic address: Georgina.1.Krebs@kcl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Georgina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Krebs
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013981:Tic Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Cognitive behaviour therapy; Comorbidity; OCD; Tic disorders