title: Flaviviral NS4b, chameleon and jack-in-the-box roles in viral replication and pathogenesis, and a molecular target for antiviral intervention.
abstract: Dengue virus and other flaviviruses such as the yellow fever, West Nile, and Japanese encephalitis viruses are emerging vector-borne human pathogens that affect annually more than 100 million individuals and that may cause debilitating and potentially fatal hemorrhagic and encephalitic diseases. Currently, there are no specific antiviral drugs for the treatment of flavivirus-associated disease. A better understanding of the flavivirus-host interactions during the different events of the flaviviral life cycle may be essential when developing novel antiviral strategies. The flaviviral non-structural protein 4b (NS4b) appears to play an important role in flaviviral replication by facilitating the formation of the viral replication complexes and in counteracting innate immune responses such as the following: (i) type I IFN signaling; (ii) RNA interference; (iii) formation of stress granules; and (iv) the unfolded protein response. Intriguingly, NS4b has recently been shown to constitute an excellent target for the selective inhibition of flavivirus replication. We here review the current knowledge on NS4b.
authors.affiliation: KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zmurko
authors.affiliation: KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neyts
authors.affiliation: KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dallmeier
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005416:Flavivirus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; C080107:NS4B protein, flavivirus; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins
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