title: Molecular and quantitative genetic differentiation in Sitobion avenae populations from both sides of the Qinling Mountains.
abstract: Quantitative trait differences are often assumed to be correlated with molecular variation, but the relationship is not certain, and empirical evidence is still scarce. To address this issue, we sampled six populations of the cereal aphid Sitobion avenae from areas north and south of the Qinling Mountains, and characterized their molecular variation at seven microsatellite loci and quantitative variation at nine life-history traits. Our results demonstrated that southern populations had slightly longer developmental times of nymphs but much higher lifetime fecundity, compared to northern populations. Of the nine tested quantitative characters, eight differed significantly among populations within regions, as well as between northern and southern regions. Genetic differentiation in neutral markers was likely to have been caused by founder events and drift. Increased subdivision for quantitative characters was found in northern populations, but reduced in southern populations. This phenomenon was not found for molecular characters, suggesting the decoupling between molecular and quantitative variation. The pattern of relationships between FST and QST indicated divergent selection and suggested that local adaptation play a role in the differentiation of life-history traits in tested S. avenae populations, particularly in those traits closely related to reproduction. The main role of natural selection over genetic drift was also supported by strong structural differences in G-matrices among S. avenae populations. However, cluster analyses did not result in two groups corresponding to northern and southern regions. Genetic differentiation between northern and southern populations in neutral markers was low, indicating considerable gene flow between them. The relationship between molecular and quantitative variation, as well as its implications for differentiation and evolution of S. avenae populations, was discussed.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas (Northwest A&F University), Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China; College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Xianliang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas (Northwest A&F University), Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China; College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Deguang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas (Northwest A&F University), Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China; College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Da
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Foreign Languages, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoqin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 1349, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Domaine de la Motte, Le Rheu, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Christophe
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Simon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001042:Aphids / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D005075:Biological Evolution; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D040961:Genetic Drift; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci; D012641:Selection, Genetic
chemical_list: D004247:DNA
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