title: Intimate partner violence, modern contraceptive use and conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
abstract: Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been found to be negatively associated with contraceptive use in developing countries, but evidence from Africa is mixed. This study examines whether the above association differs in conflict settings, which have the potential for both higher levels of violence and more limited access to family planning. We use nationally representative data from the Democratic Republic of the Congo to examine the relationship between individual- and community-level IPV and modern contraceptive use, and to explore whether conflict modifies the relationship between IPV and contraceptive use. Nationally, only 6% of women reported current modern contraceptive use, while 53% reported experiencing physical IPV and 32% reported experiencing sexual IPV. In multivariate models, we found that individual-level sexual IPV was positively associated with current using modern contraceptive use, but that a combined measure of physical and sexual IPV did not demonstrate a similar association. Community-level IPV was not associated with individual-level contraceptive use. Conflict exposure was neither an independent predictor nor modifier of contraceptive use. Results suggest improved access to family planning should be a priority for programming in DRC, and efforts should ensure that sufficient resources are allocated towards the reproductive health needs of women in both conflict and non-conflict regions.
authors.affiliation: Program in Public Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Tower, Level 3, Room 078, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA. Electronic address: rachel.kidman@stonybrook.edu.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kidman
authors.affiliation: Program in Public Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Tower, Level 3, Room 078, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA. Electronic address: tia.palermo@stonybrook.edu.
authors.forename: Tia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Palermo
authors.affiliation: Department of Global Health Systems and Development, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 1900, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. Electronic address: bertrand@tulane.edu.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bertrand
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003268:Contraception Behavior; D003270:Contraceptive Agents; D015023:Democratic Republic of the Congo; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D012747:Sexual Partners / Q000523:psychology*; D013179:Spouse Abuse; D014754:Violence; D014857:Warfare; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003270:Contraceptive Agents
keywords: Conflict; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Family planning; Intimate partner violence; Modern contraception; Sexual violence