title: Differentiation of mucinous from non-mucinous pancreatic cyst fluid using dual-stained, 1 dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pancreatic cysts are being increasingly identified in patients. Mucinous cysts have malignant potential whereas non-mucinous cysts do not. Distinguishing potentially malignant cysts from harmless ones by the characterization of cyst fluid contents remains a difficult problem. This study was undertaken to determine whether cyst fluid mucin glycoprotein analysis could differentiate mucinous from non-mucinous pancreatic cysts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cyst fluid from 28 patients who underwent resection of a pancreatic cyst was used for the study. In each case the type of cyst was histologically identified. One dimensional SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D-SDS PAGE) was performed on cyst fluid samples. For the detection of the separated proteins, we employed a novel dual staining technique. The gel was first stained with periodic acid Schiff (PAS), a mucin histochemical stain followed by a secondary protein staining with Simply Blue Safestain (Invitrogen).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Visual scoring (based on the presence of mucins) gave a sensitivity of 95%, a specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 100%, and a negative predictive value of 88% for prediction of mucinous histology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One dimensional SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of pancreatic cyst fluid, followed by mucin (PAS) and protein (Simply Blue Safestain) staining, provides a means of concentrating and visualizing mucins, which allows the accurate differentiation of mucinous from non-mucinous histology in pancreatic cysts.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Surgery, Essentia Health System/Duluth Clinic, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN USA.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Streitz
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Sciences, Essentia Health System/Duluth Clinic, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN USA.
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Madden
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Sciences, Essentia Health System/Duluth Clinic, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN USA.
authors.forename: Wilmar
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Salo
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology, Essentia Health System/Duluth Clinic, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN USA.
authors.forename: Kirk P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Bernadino
authors.affiliation: Statistics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA.
authors.forename: Joseph L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Deutsch
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology, Essentia Health System/Duluth Clinic, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN USA.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Deutsch
keywords: 1-D-PAGE; Biomarkers; Mucins; Pancreatic cancer; Pancreatic cyst fluid
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