title: Involvement of GluR2 up-regulation in neuroprotection by electroacupuncture pretreatment via cannabinoid CB1 receptor in mice.
abstract: We investigated whether glutamate receptor subunit 2 (GluR2) is involved in EA pretreatment-induced neuroprotection via cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1R) after global cerebral ischemia in mice. Two hours after electric acupuncture (EA) pretreatment, global cerebral ischemia (GCI) was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) for 20 min. The GluR2 expression was examined in the hippocampus after reperfusion. Cell survival, neuronal apoptosis, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and neurological scores were evaluated at 24 h after BCCAO in the presence or absence of the GluR2 inhibitor. Furthermore, the GluR2 was determined in the presence and absence of CB1R inhibitor. Our results showed EA pretreatment enhanced expression of GluR2 in the hippocampus 2 h after reperfusion. Moreover, EA pretreatment improved neurological outcome, promoted cell survival, inhibited neuronal apoptosis, and decreased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio after reperfusion. GluR2 knockdown by GluR2 siRNA effectively reversed the beneficial effects of EA pretreatment. Furthermore, CB1R siRNA and two CB1R antagonists blocked the elevation of GluR2 expression by EA pretreatment, whereas the two CB1R agonists up-regulated GluR2 expression as EA pretreatment. In conclusion, GluR2 up-regulation is involved in neuroprotection of EA pretreatment against GCI through CB1R, suggesting that GluR2 may be a novel target for stroke intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
authors.forename: Zhaoyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
authors.forename: Xiyao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
authors.forename: Sisi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
authors.forename: Qianzi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
authors.forename: Fuhai
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
authors.forename: Lize
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000235:genetics; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015536:Down-Regulation; D015671:Electroacupuncture; D063388:Endocannabinoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D005989:Glycerides / Q000494:pharmacology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D017966:Pyramidal Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D034622:RNA Interference; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics*; D015424:Reperfusion; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D005989:Glycerides; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; C094503:glyceryl 2-arachidonate; C104722:glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 2
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