title: A new strategy for co-composting dairy manure with rice straw: Addition of different inocula at three stages of composting.
abstract: In considering the impact of inoculation time and the characteristics of composting material and inoculants on the usefulness of inoculation, a new composting strategy has been proposed and studied, in which three inocula were inoculated at three stages of composting process respectively: inoculum A (Thermoactinomyces sp. GF1 and GF2) was inoculated before fermentation to increase or maintain high temperature of pile, inoculum B (Coprinus cinerea and Coprinus comatus) was inoculated after thermophilic phase to promote degradation of lignin, and inoculum C (Trichoderma harzianum and Rhizopus oryzae) was inoculated after 30-day fermentation to promote degradation of cellulose. The results showed that the inoculations could significantly enhance the temperature of pile and the degradation of lignocelluloses. When inocula A, B, and C were inoculated into pile, temperature increased from 25°C to 65°C, from 33°C to 39°C and from 33°C to 38°C respectively and 35% lignin and 43% cellulose had been degraded in inoculated pile compared to the degradation of 15% lignin and 25% cellulose in control pile. As a result, the C/N ratio dropped more rapidly degraded in the inoculated pile (reached 20 after 33-day fermentation) than that in the control pile (reached 21.7 after 45-day fermentation). In addition, the volume loss in inoculated pile (76.5%) was higher than that in control pile (53.2%). The study, therefore, indicated that inoculating proper microorganisms at appropriate time improved the composting process and our new composting strategy would be propitious to the co-composting dairy manure with rice straw.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environment Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan 650500, China. Electronic address: c-zhou04@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Environment Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan 650500, China.
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Environment Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan 650500, China.
authors.forename: Zhao-Lin
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Environment Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan 650500, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Environment Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan 650500, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Long
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Environment Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan 650500, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ning
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D002417:Cattle; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry; D003612:Dairying; D017753:Ecosystem; D005285:Fermentation; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry; D008372:Manure / Q000382:microbiology*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods*; D012233:Rhizopus; D012987:Soil; D013696:Temperature; D056509:Thermoactinomyces; D014242:Trichoderma
chemical_list: D008372:Manure; D012987:Soil; D002244:Carbon; D002482:Cellulose; D008031:Lignin; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Composting; Dairy manure; Inoculation; Lignocelluloses; Rice straw