title: A workshop with practical training for anaphylaxis management improves the self-efficacy of school personnel.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  School personnel are required to guarantee a secure school environment for children suffering from severe food allergies. We organized a workshop for school personnel to learn the appropriate management of anaphylaxis that included practical training with an adrenaline auto-injector (AAI). The objective of this study was to evaluate the workshop in terms of the improvement of self-efficacy (SE) of participants to deal with anaphylaxis.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 93 school nurses, 73 schoolteachers and 110 childcare workers participating in the study completed a questionnaire before and after the workshop. The SE of the participants was evaluated using an original 15-item questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before the workshop, the SE of school nurses was the highest among the profession groups, and being involved with children prescribed an AAI was a common factor associated with a high SE. After the workshop, the SE increased in all groups, but most apparently in school nurses and those involved with children prescribed an AAI. The presence of an emergency plan was positively associated with the SE of schoolteachers only after the workshop, even though no such association existed beforehand.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Practical instruction of school nurses and school personnel involved with children prescribed an AAI resulted in dramatic improvement of the SE. These people are expected to play a central role in the development of an anaphylaxis management plan in their schools.
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Kemal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Teruaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Joon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nakata
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kando
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Aichi, Japan. Electronic address: koumei_itoh@mx.achmc.pref.aichi.jp.
authors.forename: Komei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000707:Anaphylaxis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002654:Child Care; D004493:Education; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005178:Faculty; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D007318:Inservice Training; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009726:Nurses; D012572:School Health Services; D012574:Schools; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D004837:Epinephrine
keywords: Adrenaline auto-injector; Anaphylaxis; Food allergy; Schools; Self-efficacy