title: Late Pleistocene horse and camel hunting at the southern margin of the ice-free corridor: reassessing the age of Wally's Beach, Canada.
abstract: The only certain evidence for prehistoric human hunting of horse and camel in North America occurs at the Wally's Beach site, Canada. Here, the butchered remains of seven horses and one camel are associated with 29 nondiagnostic lithic artifacts. Twenty-seven new radiocarbon ages on the bones of these animals revise the age of these kill and butchering localities to 13,300 calibrated y B.P. The tight chronological clustering of the eight kill localities at Wally's Beach indicates these animals were killed over a short period. Human hunting of horse and camel in Canada, coupled with mammoth, mastodon, sloth, and gomphothere hunting documented at other sites from 14,800-12,700 calibrated y B.P., show that 6 of the 36 genera of megafauna that went extinct by approximately 12,700 calibrated y B.P. were hunted by humans. This study shows the importance of accurate geochronology, without which significant discoveries will go unrecognized and the empirical data used to build models explaining the peopling of the Americas and Pleistocene extinctions will be in error.
authors.affiliation: Center for the Study of the First Americans, Department of Anthropology and Department of Geography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4352; mwaters@tamu.edu.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Waters
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark;
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Stafford
authors.affiliation: Department of Archaeology and.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kooyman
authors.affiliation: Department of Archaeology and Department of Geosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4.
authors.forename: L V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Hills
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002162:Camelus; D002170:Canada; D004777:Environment; D053476:Extinction, Biological; D005580:Fossils; D049690:History, Ancient; D006736:Horses; D006802:Human Activities; D006801:Humans; D056665:Mammoths; D009656:North America; D010163:Paleontology / Q000379:methods*; D055110:Radiometric Dating / Q000379:methods*; D012896:Sloths; D054041:Weapons / Q000266:history
keywords: Clovis; Pleistocene; Pre-Clovis; extinction; megafauna
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