title: Moderate vitamin D deficiency and inflammation related markers in overweight/obese schoolchildren.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obesity has been associated with vitamin D deficiency and increased oxidative stress, which can lead to the dysregulation of adipokines and inflammation. The aim of the present work was to examine the association of vitamin D status [25(OH)D] on inflammatory related markers in overweight/obese children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 137 Spanish schoolchildren between 9 and 12 years of age (31.4% with overweight/obesity) were studied. Being overweight was defined as BMI≥85th percentile and obesity as BMI≥97th percentile using the reference tables of Hernández. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured by chemiluminescent assay. Plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured by immunoenzyme assay. Serum adiponectin was determined using an ELISA kit. Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-PCR) was tested by immunonephelometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-6 concentrations were higher in the overweight/obese children with deficient serum 25(OH)D (<20 ng/mL) than in those in this group but whose serum 25(OH)D concentrations were adequate (≥20 ng/mL). Serum 25(OH)D was inversely associated with IL-6 concentrations in the overweight/obese subjects taking into account different covariates; thus, for every 1 ng/mL rise in the former, the latter fell by 0.160 pg/mL (β=-0.160±0.068; R2=0.131; p=0.023). The obese subjects with concentrations of ≥25 ng/mL had lower hs-CRP values compared to those with concentrations of <25 ng/mL (0.053±0.035 vs. 0.356±0.613 mg/dL; p=0.035).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low serum 25(OH)D was significantly associated high serum IL-6 in overweight/obese children, and with increased hs-CRP in obese children.
authors.affiliation: Analytical Chemistry Departmental Section, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University from Madrid, Madrid, Spain, and UCM Research Group, Valornut (920030), Complutense University from Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University from Madrid, Madrid, Spain, and UCM Research Group, Valornut (920030), Complutense University from Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Aránzazu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aparicio
authors.affiliation: Analytical Chemistry Departmental Section, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University from Madrid, Madrid, Spain, and UCM Research Group, Valornut (920030), Complutense University from Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Andrés
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University from Madrid, Madrid, Spain, and UCM Research Group, Valornut (920030), Complutense University from Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosa M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ortega
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014807:Vitamin D; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
keywords: child; inflammation; obesity; overweight; vitamin D