title: Electrical stimulation improves microbial salinity resistance and organofluorine removal in bioelectrochemical systems.
abstract: Fed batch bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) based on electrical stimulation were used to treat p-fluoronitrobenzene (p-FNB) wastewater at high salinities. At a NaCl concentration of 40 g/liter, p-FNB was removed 100% in 96 h in the BES, whereas in the biotic control (BC) (absence of current), p-FNB removal was only 10%. By increasing NaCl concentrations from 0 g/liter to 40 g/liter, defluorination efficiency decreased around 40% in the BES, and in the BC it was completely ceased. p-FNB was mineralized by 30% in the BES and hardly in the BC. Microorganisms were able to store 3.8 and 0.7 times more K(+) and Na(+) intracellularly in the BES than in the BC. Following the same trend, the ratio of protein to soluble polysaccharide increased from 3.1 to 7.8 as the NaCl increased from 0 to 40 g/liter. Both trends raise speculation that an electrical stimulation drives microbial preference toward K(+) and protein accumulation to tolerate salinity. These findings are in accordance with an enrichment of halophilic organisms in the BES. Halobacterium dominated in the BES by 56.8% at a NaCl concentration of 40 g/liter, while its abundance was found as low as 17.5% in the BC. These findings propose a new method of electrical stimulation to improve microbial salinity resistance.
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Hangzhou, China Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Huajun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xueqin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vaiopoulou
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Dongsheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yuyang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Hangzhou, China wmz@zjgsu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Meizhen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D004558:Electric Stimulation; D006217:Halobacterium / Q000378:metabolism*; D059013:Microbial Consortia; D009578:Nitrobenzenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D054712:Salinity; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D009578:Nitrobenzenes; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C046306:1-fluoro-2-nitrobenzene
references.citation: Biotechnol Lett. 2010 Mar;32(3):351-9
references.pmid: 19943179
references.citation: Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2015 May;99(10):4485-94
references.pmid: 25575889
references.citation: Water Res. 2006 Dec;40(20):3671-82
references.pmid: 17070895
references.citation: Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Dec 1;45(23):10186-93
references.pmid: 21985580
references.citation: Water Res. 2014 Jun 1;56:11-25
references.pmid: 24631941
references.citation: Environ Technol. 2013 Jul-Aug;34(13-16):1935-45
references.pmid: 24350447
references.citation: Bioresour Technol. 2014 Nov;172:104-111
references.pmid: 25247250
references.citation: FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2002 Jan 1;39(1):1-7
references.pmid: 19709178
references.citation: Extremophiles. 2006 Dec;10(6):505-13
references.pmid: 16738814
references.citation: Bioresour Technol. 2013 Jan;127:37-43
references.pmid: 23128299
references.citation: FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1997 Oct 15;155(2):185-91
references.pmid: 9351200
references.citation: Water Res. 2011 Dec 15;45(20):6745-52
references.pmid: 22060965
references.citation: J Hazard Mater. 2007 Mar 6;141(1):295-300
references.pmid: 16908099
references.citation: Environ Sci Technol. 2008 Jun 1;42(11):3921-31
references.pmid: 18589946
references.citation: Water Sci Technol. 2008;58(2):351-8
references.pmid: 18701785
references.citation: Arch Biochem Biophys. 1979 Apr 1;193(2):329-39
references.pmid: 464600
references.citation: Water Res. 2003 May;37(10):2269-80
references.pmid: 12727235
references.citation: Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2006 Aug;72(1):182-189
references.pmid: 16369778
references.citation: Water Res. 2014 Sep 1;60:54-63
references.pmid: 24821195
references.citation: J Biosci Bioeng. 2014 Mar;117(3):310-7
references.pmid: 24041542
references.citation: FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2002 Mar;26(1):49-71
references.pmid: 12007642
references.citation: Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2007 Sep;142(3):298-306
references.pmid: 18025590
references.citation: ISME J. 2007 May;1(1):9-18
references.pmid: 18043609
references.citation: Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2005 Apr;69(4):740-6
references.pmid: 15849412
references.citation: J Hazard Mater. 2013 Nov 15;262:137-42
references.pmid: 24018137
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1951 Nov;193(1):265-75
references.pmid: 14907713
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 Jul;66(7):3052-7
references.pmid: 10877805