title: Benzonphenone-type UV filters in urine of Chinese young adults: Concentration, source and exposure.
abstract: Benzophenone (BP)-type UV filters are commonly used in our daily life. 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone (BP-3), 4-hydroxy benzophenone (4-HBP), 2,4-dihydroxy benzophenone (BP-1), 2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxy benzophenone (BP-2) and 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone (BP-8) were measured in urine samples from Chinese young adults. The results indicated that Chinese young adults were widely exposed to BP-3, BP-1, and 4-HBP, with the median concentrations of 0.55, 0.21, and 0.08 ng/mL, respectively. No significant difference was found between males and females, between urban and rural population. The correlations between urinary concentrations provided important indications for sources and metabolic pathways of target compounds. The estimated daily excretion doses of BP-3, 4-HBP, BP-1, BP-2 and BP-8 were 27.2, 2.24, 5.86, 0.76 and 0.30 ng/kg-bw/day, respectively. The ratio of exposure to excretion must be considered for the exposure assessment with chemicals based on urine measurement. This is the first nationwide study on BP-derivatives with young adults in China.
authors.affiliation: International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, United States.
authors.forename: Chong-Jing
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
authors.forename: Li-Yan
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
authors.forename: Wan-Li
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
authors.forename: Ning-Zheng
authors.initials: NZ
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: The Second Campus Hospital, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China. Electronic address: ijrc_pts_paper@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Yi-Fan
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, United States; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China. Electronic address: kkannan@wadsworth.org.
authors.forename: Kurunthachalam
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kannan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001577:Benzophenones / Q000652:urine*; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001577:Benzophenones; D013473:Sunscreening Agents
keywords: Benzophenone; China; Human exposure; Urine