title: High numerical aperture Fourier ptychography: principle, implementation and characterization.
abstract: Fourier ptychography (FP) utilizes illumination control and computational post-processing to increase the resolution of bright-field microscopes. In effect, FP extends the fixed numerical aperture (NA) of an objective lens to form a larger synthetic system NA. Here, we build an FP microscope (FPM) using a 40X 0.75NA objective lens to synthesize a system NA of 1.45. This system achieved a two-slit resolution of 335 nm at a wavelength of 632 nm. This resolution closely adheres to theoretical prediction and is comparable to the measured resolution (315 nm) associated with a standard, commercially available 1.25 NA oil immersion microscope. Our work indicates that Fourier ptychography is an attractive method to improve the resolution-versus-NA performance, increase the working distance, and enlarge the field-of-view of high-resolution bright-field microscopes by employing lower NA objectives.
authors.forename: Xiaoze
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: Roarke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Horstmeyer
authors.forename: Guoan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Changhuei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000469:parasitology; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D007909:Lenses; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000469:parasitology; D008853:Microscopy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055096:Optical Devices; D055620:Optical Phenomena
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