title: Characterization and expression of genes involved in the ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction during ripening of mulberry fruit.
abstract: Although ethylene is well known as an essential regulator of fruit development, little work has examined the role ethylene plays in the development and maturation of mulberry (Morus L.) fruit. To study the mechanism of ethylene action during fruit development in this species, we measured the ethylene production, fruit firmness, and soluble solids content (SSC) during fruit development and harvest. By comparing the results with those from other climacteric fruit, we concluded that Morus fruit are probably climacteric. Genes associated with the ethylene signal transduction pathway of Morus were characterized from M. notabilis Genome Database, including four ethylene receptor genes, a EIN2-like gene, a CTR1-like gene, four EIN3-like genes, and a RTE1-like gene. The expression patterns of these genes were analyzed in the fruit of M. atropurpurea cv. Jialing No.40. During fruit development, transcript levels of MaETR2, MaERS, MaEIN4, MaRTE, and MaCTR1 were lower at the early stages and higher after 26 days after full bloom (DAF), while MaETR1, MaEIL1, MaEIL2, and MaEIL3 remained constant. In ripening fruit, the transcripts of MaACO1 and MaACS3 increased, while MaACS1 and MaACO2 decreased after harvest. The transcripts of MaACO1, MaACO2, and MaACS3 were inhibited by ethylene, and 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene) upregulated MaACS3. The transcripts of the MaETR-like genes, MaRTE, and MaCTR1 were inhibited by ethylene and 1-MCP, suggesting that ethylene may accelerate the decline of MaETRs transcripts. No significant changes in the expression of MaEIN2, MaEIL1, and MaEIL3 were observed during ripening or in response to ethylene, while the expressions of MaEIL2 and MaEIL4 increased rapidly after 24 h after harvest (HAH) and were upregulated by ethylene. The present study provides insights into ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction in Morus plants and lays a foundation for the further understanding of the mechanisms underlying Morus fruit development and ripening.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology / College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Changying
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology / College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Aichun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology / College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Panpan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology / College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Leng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology / College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Xiling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology / College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology / College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Ruihua
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lü
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology / College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Chuanhong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institution of Sericulture and Apiculture, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan, China.
authors.forename: Zhengang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology / College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology / College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Maode
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D005030:Ethylenes / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005638:Fruit / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D031625:Morus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D005030:Ethylenes; D010940:Plant Proteins; C036216:ethylene
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