title: A novel photochemical cross-linking technology to improve luminal gain, vessel compliance, and buckling post-angioplasty in porcine arteries.
abstract: Development of substituted 1,8-naphthalimides for photochemical cross-linking of biomolecules is the focus of this research. This study describes limited cross-linking of collagen in the artery wall to control recoil and buckling in arteries following balloon angioplasty. Isolated porcine arteries were overstretched (25%) with balloon angioplasty (BA) +/- light-activated naphthalimide treatment (NVS). Lumen size and recoil were measured as retention of stretch after angioplasty. Cross-sectional compliance and distensibility coefficients were measured as slope of cross-sectional area versus increasing hydrostatic pressure. Buckling was measured, with 30% axial pre-stretch and 200 mmHg, as deviation from the center line. Electron microscopy evaluation of collagen fibers was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Uninjured arteries have low compliance and low levels of buckling, whereas the BA-injured arteries demonstrated much greater compliance and buckling behavior. Treatment of the injured artery with NVS reduced buckling and demonstrated compliance midway between the two groups while retaining the increased luminal diameter imparted by angioplasty compared to untreated vessels. In summary, limited collagen cross-linking with NVS treatment resulted in lumen retention, as well as improved compliance without the accompanying rigidity and stiffness of conventional stent therapy or current cross-linking materials. This treatment shows great promise for dilation, repair and strengthening of arteries damaged by injury or vascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Avera Research Institute, Applied Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 57017.
authors.forename: Karen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Munger
authors.affiliation: Alumend, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 57107.
authors.forename: Therese M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Downey
authors.affiliation: Alumend, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 57107.
authors.forename: Barb
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Haberer
authors.affiliation: Alumend, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 57107.
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pohlson
authors.affiliation: Alumend, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 57107.
authors.forename: Lindsey L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.affiliation: Alumend, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 57107.
authors.forename: Ronald E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Utecht
mesh_terms: D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon; D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006874:Hydrostatic Pressure; D008027:Light; D053644:Naphthalimides / Q000737:chemistry*; D055668:Photochemical Processes; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D053644:Naphthalimides
keywords: arterial tissue engineering; collagen; compliance; cross-linking; naphthalimide