title: Acute hypoglycemia results in reduced cortical neuronal injury in the developing IUGR rat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypoglycemia (HG) is common in intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) neonates. In normally grown (NG) neonatal rats, acute HG causes neuronal injury in the brain; the cerebral cortex is more vulnerable than the hippocampus (HPC). We hypothesized that the IUGR brain is less vulnerable to HG-induced injury while preserving regional variation in vulnerability.
  
  
  METHODS
  We induced IUGR via bilateral uterine artery ligation on gestational day 19 (term 22 d) rats. On postnatal day 14, insulin-induced HG of equivalent severity and duration (blood glucose < 40 mg/dl for 240 min) was produced in IUGR and NG (IUGR/HG and NG/HG). Neuronal injury in the cortex and HPC was quantified 6-72 h later using Fluoro-Jade B (FJB) histochemistry. The mRNA expression of monocarboxylate transporters, MCT1 and MCT2, and glucose transporters, GLUT1 and GLUT3, was determined using quantitative PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were fewer FJB-positive (FJB+) cells in the cortex of IUGR/HG; no difference was observed in FJB+ cells in HPC. Core body temperature was lower in IUGR/HG compared with NG/HG. MCT2 expression was increased in the IUGR cortex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HG-induced neuronal injury is decreased in the cortex of the developing IUGR brain. Adaptations including systemic hypothermia and enhanced delivery of alternative substrates via MCT2 might protect against HG-induced neuronal injury in IUGR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Maliszewski-Hall
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Ariel B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ennis
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Raghavendra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rao
mesh_terms: D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001831:Body Temperature; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000254:growth & development / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000473:pathology*; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D051274:Glucose Transporter Type 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D027501:Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D027981:Symporters / Q000378:metabolism; D000099233:Monocarboxylate Transport Protein 1
chemical_list: D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; D001786:Blood Glucose; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D051274:Glucose Transporter Type 3; D027501:Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters; D027981:Symporters; D000099233:Monocarboxylate Transport Protein 1; C091633:Slc16a7 protein, rat; C495679:Slc2a1 protein, rat; C495690:Slc2a3 protein, rat
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