title: Psychopathology and Related Psychosocial Factors in Children with Office Discipline Referrals at School: Evidence from a Developing Country.
abstract: Many childhood psychiatric disorders present their first symptoms as challenging behaviors at school. Evidence from cross-national studies enhance the understanding of the biological and cultural variables underlying these behaviours. In this study, we aim to identify the psychopathology among children with office disciplinary referrals and assess psychosocial risk factors related to this situation. Forty-seven students who had received an office discipline referral and eighty-three controls who had never been given an office disciplinary referral participated in this study. The Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children--Present and Lifetime, socio-demographic data form were administered to children to assess their respective psychopathologies and psychosocial risk factors. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and obsessive compulsive disorder were significantly higher in children with Office discipline referrals. Psychiatric assessment should be one of the first steps in the evaluation processes of assessing challenging behaviors at school.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Atatürk University Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey. esinibrahimselcuk@gmail.com.
authors.forename: İbrahim Selçuk
authors.initials: İS
authors.lastname: Esin
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Atatürk University Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey. oburak.dursun@atauni.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Onur Burak
authors.initials: OB
authors.lastname: Dursun
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Education, Atatürk University Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey. hamit.acemoglu@atauni.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Hamit
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Acemoğlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University Medical Faculty, İzmir, Turkey. burak.baykara@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Burak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baykara
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D010552:Personality Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011599:Psychopathology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012574:Schools; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D014421:Turkey
keywords: Challenging behaviour; Discipline; Psychopathology; School mental health
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