title: Antifungal susceptibility in vitro determined by the Etest® for Candida obtained from the oral cavity of irradiated and elderly individuals.
abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antifungal susceptibility of Candida species of head-and-neck-irradiated patients (Group 1), non-institutionalized (Group 2) and institutionalized elders (Group 3) using Etest® methodology. Candida was isolated from saliva and presumptively identified by CHROMagar Candida(r), confirmed by morphological criteria, carbohydrate assimilation (API 20C AUX®) and genetic typing (OPE 18). The collection was made from 29, 34 and 29 individuals (Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively) with 67 isolates. Etest® strips (ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, amphotericin B and flucytosine) on RPMI (Roswell Park Memorial Institute) agar, on duplicate, were used to evaluate susceptibility. ATTC (American Type Culture Collection) 10231 (Candida albicans) was used as quality control. Among the 67 isolates of Candida species, most were susceptible to azoles, flucytosine and amphotericin B. None of the isolates showed resistance and dose-dependent susceptibility to amphotericin B. There were nine strains resistant to itraconazole, six to fluconazole and two to ketoconazole and ten dose-dependent, mainly to flucytocine. The highest MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) to C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis was 2.671 μg.mL-1, 8.104 μg.mL-1, 4.429 μg.mL-1, all for flucytosine. C. krusei and C. glabrata were associated with higher MIC for azoles and C. glabrata with higher MIC to flucytosine. In summary, susceptibility to all tested antifungal agents was evident. The isolates were more resistant to itraconazole and dose-dependent to flucytosine. A comparison of C. albicans in the three groups showed no outliers. Higher MIC was associated with C. krusei and C. glabrata.
authors.affiliation: UNIMONTES - State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edimilson Martins de
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.affiliation: UFPB - Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
authors.forename: Larissa Cavalcanti
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.affiliation: UNIMONTES - State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Michelle Bonfim da Silva
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: UNIMONTES - State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Hercílio
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Martelli Junior
authors.affiliation: UNIMONTES - State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Rogério Ferreti
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Bonan
authors.affiliation: UNIMONTES - State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sergio Avelino Mota
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Nobre
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D052978:Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents