title: Case-control study of diet and prostate cancer in a rural population of Faisalabad, Pakistan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effects of diet on epidemiology of prostate cancer are inconclusive. Therefore a hospital- based, case-control study was conducted in a rural population of Faisalabad, Pakistan, to examine the impact of dietary factors on risk of cancer development.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was based on 102 confirmed cases of prostate cancer and 204 normal controls. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for odds ratios to evaluate the relationship between prostate cancer and diet.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consumption of red meat and fat items significantly increased the prostate cancer risk having odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of 3.41; 1.46-7.96 and 2.45; 1.17-5.15, respectively. On the other hand, more consumption of vegetables, fluid intake and fruit significantly decreased the prostate cancer risk (odd ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals of 0.21; 0.10-0.44, 0.10; 0.05- 0.19 and 0.09; 0.03- 0.23, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study supports the hypothesis that frequent consumption of red meat and fat items may increase prostate cancer risk while more intake of fruit, vegetables and fluid intake may protect against prostate cancer in the relatively low risk group in rural Pakistan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, Government Municipal College, Faisalabad, Pakistan E-mail : naeembashir7@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Muhammad Naeem
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Bashir
authors.forename: Muhammad Akram
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Malik
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004032:Diet; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D008875:Middle Aged; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D014675:Vegetables