title: Therapeutic effect of Qingyi decoction in severe acute pancreatitis-induced intestinal barrier injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of Qingyi decoction on the expression of secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) in intestinal barrier injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), Qingyi decoction-treated (QYT), dexamethasone-treated (DEX), and verapamil-treated (VER) groups. The SAP model was induced by retrograde infusion of 1.5% sodium deoxycholate into the biliopancreatic duct of the rats. All rats were sacrificed 24 h post-SAP induction. Arterial blood, intestine, and pancreas from each rat were harvested for investigations. The levels of serum amylase (AMY) and diamine oxidase (DAO) were determined using biochemical methods, and serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α level was measured by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Pathologic changes in the harvested tissues were investigated by microscopic examination of hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue sections. The expressions of sPLA2 at mRNA and protein levels were detected by reverse transcriptase PCR and Western blot, respectively. A terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay was used to investigate apoptosis of epithelial cells in the intestinal tissues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the control group, the expression of sPLA2 at both the mRNA and protein levels increased significantly in the SAP group (0.36 ± 0.13 vs 0.90 ± 0.38, and 0.16 ± 0.05 vs 0.64 ± 0.05, respectively; Ps < 0.01). The levels of AMY, TNF-α and DAO in serum were also significantly increased (917 ± 62 U/L vs 6870 ± 810 U/L, 59.7 ± 14.3 ng/L vs 180.5 ± 20.1 ng/L, and 10.37 ± 2.44 U/L vs 37.89 ± 5.86 U/L, respectively; Ps < 0.01). The apoptosis index of intestinal epithelial cells also differed significantly between the SAP and control rats (0.05 ± 0.02 vs 0.26 ± 0.06; P < 0.01). The serum levels of DAO and TNF-α, and the intestinal apoptosis index significantly correlated with sPLA2 expression in the intestine (r = 0.895, 0.893 and 0.926, respectively; Ps < 0.05). The levels of sPLA2, AMY, TNF-α, and DAO in the QYT, VER, and DEX groups were all decreased compared with the SAP group, but not the control group. Qingyi decoction intervention, however, gave the most therapeutic effect against intestinal barrier damage, although the onset of its therapeutic effect was slower.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Qingyi decoction ameliorates acute pancreatitis-induced intestinal barrier injury by inhibiting the overexpression of intestinal sPLA2. This mechanism may be similar to that of verapamil.
authors.affiliation: Jing-Wen Zhang, Gui-Xin Zhang, Hai-Long Chen, Lawrence Owusu, Guan-Yu Wang, Cai-Ming Xu, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Jing-Wen
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Jing-Wen Zhang, Gui-Xin Zhang, Hai-Long Chen, Lawrence Owusu, Guan-Yu Wang, Cai-Ming Xu, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Gui-Xin
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Jing-Wen Zhang, Gui-Xin Zhang, Hai-Long Chen, Lawrence Owusu, Guan-Yu Wang, Cai-Ming Xu, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Long
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Jing-Wen Zhang, Gui-Xin Zhang, Hai-Long Chen, Lawrence Owusu, Guan-Yu Wang, Cai-Ming Xu, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Ge-Liang
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Jing-Wen Zhang, Gui-Xin Zhang, Hai-Long Chen, Lawrence Owusu, Guan-Yu Wang, Cai-Ming Xu, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Owusu
authors.affiliation: Jing-Wen Zhang, Gui-Xin Zhang, Hai-Long Chen, Lawrence Owusu, Guan-Yu Wang, Cai-Ming Xu, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Xi
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Jing-Wen Zhang, Gui-Xin Zhang, Hai-Long Chen, Lawrence Owusu, Guan-Yu Wang, Cai-Ming Xu, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Guan-Yu
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Jing-Wen Zhang, Gui-Xin Zhang, Hai-Long Chen, Lawrence Owusu, Guan-Yu Wang, Cai-Ming Xu, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Cai-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D006631:Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing) / Q000097:blood; D000681:Amylases / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D003840:Deoxycholic Acid; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D054497:Phospholipases A2, Secretory / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C533616:qingyi; D003840:Deoxycholic Acid; D003907:Dexamethasone; D014700:Verapamil; D006631:Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing); D054497:Phospholipases A2, Secretory; D000681:Amylases
keywords: Intestinal barrier injury; Qingyi decoction; Secreted phospholipase A2; Severe acute pancreatitis; Verapamil
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