title: Immunophenotypic profile and increased risk of hospital admission for infection in infants born to female kidney transplant recipients.
abstract: Children born to female kidney recipients are exposed to immunosuppressive drugs during gestation. Little is known about their immune system at birth or in the long term. Twenty-eight children born to female kidney recipients and 40 full-term children born to healthy mothers were evaluated. T, B, NK, NKT, γδT cells were assessed by flow cytometry and functional evaluation of T and dendritic cells after in vitro activation was performed at birth and at 8 months of age. At birth, infants born to female kidney recipients showed lower numbers of CD4+ T, NKT and intense reduction of B cells (median cells/mm(3) , transplant: 153.7 X control: 512.4; p < 0.001). There was also a reduced percentage of activated CD8+ T and of CD4+ regulatory T cells. Activated memory and exhausted memory B cells showed higher percentages among children exposed to immunosuppressors when compared to control group. At 8 months, most immune alterations were no longer observed, but four children still had low numbers of some lymphocyte subsets at this age. Children born to female kidney recipients had 4.351 (95% CI: 1.026-15.225; p = 0.046) higher risk of hospital admission in the first months of life-some, with severe clinical manifestations-than those born to healthy women.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: P O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Viana
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: M I S
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Dinelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sass
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Goulart
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: de Moraes-Pinto
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000187:drug effects; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000517:prevention & control; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007239:Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000473:pathology; D066027:Transplant Recipients; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents
keywords: B cell biology; basic (laboratory) research / science; clinical research / practice; immune deficiency; immunosuppressant; immunosuppression / immune modulation; infection and infectious agents; infectious disease; pediatrics; pregnancy