title: Polymorphisms of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 gene and C-reactive protein profiles in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) and interleukin (IL)-6 gene polymorphism has a controversial role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease among different populations. The effect of the cytokine's gene polymorphism on idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) is still unresolved. The current study aimed to evaluate the association of the TNF-a -308 G/A and IL-6 -174 G/C polymorphism with IDCM in a Pakistani population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples for this case-control study were collected from the cardiology out.patient department of multiple cardiology centers of Rawalpindi/Islamabad, Pakistan, between July 2012 and December 2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  IDCM cases (number [n]=250) and healthy controls (n=300) were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TNF-a -308 variant genotypes GA and AA were more prevalent in patients compared with the control group (P < .0001). Similarly, the IL-6 -174 variant genotypes GC and CC showed a high prevalence in patients with IDCM compared with healthy controls (P=.0019). IDCM cases had a higher prevalence of the TNFa-308A (P < .0001) and the IL-6 -174C (P=.0008) mutant alleles than did the control group. The IDCM cases bearing the TNF-a-308 and IL-6 variant genotypes revealed elevated levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) when compared with the corresponding controls (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TNF-a -308 G/A and IL-6 -174 G/C gene polymorphisms and high levels of hs-CRP may be associated with the pathogenesis of IDCM in the study population.
authors.forename: Afrose
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liaquat
authors.forename: Gul Zareen
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Asifa
authors.forename: Asyia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zeenat
authors.affiliation: Dr. Qamar Javed, Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Department of Biochemistry, Islamabad, Pakistan 4530, T: (92) 51 9064 3016, qjaved@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Qamar
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Javed
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010154:Pakistan; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
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