title: Effects of dietary administration of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) on the growth performance, biochemical, hematological and immunological parameters in juvenile and adult Victoria Labeo (Labeo victorianus) challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila.
abstract: We investigated effects of dietary administration of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) on growth performance, biochemical, hematological and immunological parameters in juvenile and adult Victoria Labeo (Labeo victorianus) against Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish were divided into 4 groups and fed for 4 and 16 weeks with 0%, 1%, 2% and 5% of U. dioica incorporated into the diet. Use of U. dioica in the diet resulted in improved biochemical, hematological and immunological parameters. Among the biochemical parameters; plasma cortisol, glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol decreased while total protein and albumin in fish increased with increasing dietary inclusion of U. dioica. Among the haematology parameters: red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC) counts, haematocrit (Htc), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH), mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and netrophiles increased with increasing dietary inclusion levels of U. dioica, some depending on the fish age. Serum immunoglobulins, lysozyme activity and respiratory burst were the main immunological parameters in the adult and juvenile L. victorianus measured and they all increased with increasing herbal inclusion of U. dioica in the diet. Dietary incorporation of U. dioica at 5% showed significantly higher relative percentage survival (up to 95%) against A. hydrophila. The current results demonstrate that using U. dioica can stimulate fish immunity and make L. victorianus more resistant to bacterial infection (A. hydrophila).
authors.affiliation: Kenyatta University, School of Agriculture and Enterprise Development, Department of Agricultural Resource Management, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Charles C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Ngugi
authors.affiliation: School of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Department of Natural Resource, Karatina University, P.O. Box 1957-10101, Karatina, Kenya. Electronic address: elijaoyoo2009@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Elijah
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oyoo-Okoth
authors.affiliation: School of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Department of Natural Resource, Karatina University, P.O. Box 1957-10101, Karatina, Kenya.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mugo-Bundi
authors.affiliation: National Aquaculture Research Development and Training Centre - Sagana, P. O. Box 26-10230, Sagana, Kenya; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya.
authors.forename: Paul Sagwe
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Orina
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya.
authors.forename: Emily Jepyegon
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Chemoiwa
authors.affiliation: School of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Department of Natural Resource, Karatina University, P.O. Box 1957-10101, Karatina, Kenya.
authors.forename: Peninah A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Aloo
mesh_terms: D016980:Aeromonas hydrophila / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture / Q000379:methods; D001772:Blood Cell Count / Q000662:veterinary; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003530:Cyprinidae / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006400:Hematocrit; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000097:blood; D009113:Muramidase / Q000378:metabolism; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000276:immunology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D026982:Urtica dioica / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol; D009113:Muramidase; D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: Biochemical parameters; Hematological parameters; Immunity; Immunological parameters; Labeo victorianus; Urtica dioica