title: Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The treatment baclofen shows potential for rapidly reducing symptoms of severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) in people with alcoholism. Treatment with baclofen is easy to manage and rarely produces euphoria or other pleasant effects, or craving for the drug. This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 2, 2013.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy and safety of baclofen for people with AWS.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the Cochrane Drugs and Alcohol Group Specialised Register (searched 13 January 2015), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2015, Issue 1), MEDLINE (1966 to January 2015), EMBASE (1980 to January 2015), and CINAHL (1982 to January 2015). We also searched registers of ongoing trials, including ClinicalTrials.gov, the ISRCTN registry, and the European Clinical Trials Database. At the same time, we handsearched the references quoted in the identified trials, and sought information from researchers, pharmaceutical companies, and relevant trial authors about unpublished or uncompleted trials. We placed no restrictions on language.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included all randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating baclofen versus placebo or any other treatment for people with AWS. We excluded uncontrolled, non-randomised, or quasi-randomised trials. We included both parallel group and cross-over studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two review authors independently assessed references retrieved for possible inclusion. Any disagreements were resolved by an independent party. We contacted study authors for additional information where needed. We collected adverse effects information from the trials.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two RCTs with a total of 81 participants were eligible according to the inclusion criteria. One study suggested that both baclofen and diazepam significantly decreased the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol Scale, Revised (CIWA-Ar) score, without any significant difference between the two interventions. The other study showed no significant difference in CIWA-Ar score between baclofen and placebo, but a significantly decreased dependence on high-dose benzodiazepines with baclofen compared to placebo. Only one study reported on the safety of baclofen, without any side effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The evidence for recommending baclofen for AWS is insufficient. We therefore need more well-designed RCTs to prove its efficacy and safety.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Changchun Street 45, Beijing, China, 100053.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Lu-Ning
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D020751:Alcohol-Induced Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001418:Baclofen / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003975:Diazepam / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects; D018755:GABA Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D018755:GABA Agonists; D000431:Ethanol; D001418:Baclofen; D003975:Diazepam