title: Evaluation of Hs-CRP levels and interleukin 18 (-137G/C) promoter polymorphism in risk prediction of coronary artery disease in first degree relatives.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is clearly a multifactorial disease that develops from childhood and ultimately leads to death. Several reports revealed having a First Degree Relatives (FDRS) with premature CAD is a significant autonomous risk factor for CAD development. C - reactive protein (CRP) is a member of the pentraxin family and is the most widely studied proinflammatory biomarker. IL-18 is a pleiotrophic and proinflammatory cytokine which is produced mainly by macrophages and plays an important role in the inflammatory cascade.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hs-CRP levels were estimated by ELISA and Genotyping of IL-18 gene variant located on promoter -137 (G/C) by Allele specific PCR in blood samples of 300 CAD patients and 300 controls and 100 FDRS. Promoter Binding sites and Protein interacting partners were identified by Alibaba 2.1 and Genemania online tools respectively. Hs-CRP levels were significantly high in CAD patients followed by FDRS when compared to controls. In IL-18 -137 (G/C) polymorphism homozygous GG is significantly associated with occurrence of CAD and Hs-CRP levels were significantly higher in GG genotype subjects when compared to GC and CC. IL-18 was found to be interacting with 100 protein interactants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that Hs-CRP levels and IL-18-137(G/C) polymorphism may help to identify risk of future events of CAD in asymptomatic healthy FDRS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: Rajesh Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: G
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: Mrudula Spurthi
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: K
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: Kishore Kumar
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: G
authors.affiliation: Bioclues.org, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500072, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: Mohanalatha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurapati
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: Saraswati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: M
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: Mohini Aiyengar
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: T
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: Chiranjeevi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: P
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: Srilatha Reddy
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: G
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: Nivas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: S
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: Kaushik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: P
authors.affiliation: Durgabai Deshmukh Hospital and Research Center, Vidyanagar, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: Sanjib Sahu
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: K
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: Surekha Rani
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: H
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D060066:Protein Interaction Maps; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C000589760:IL18 protein, human; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D020382:Interleukin-18; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
references.citation: Circulation. 2006 Mar 21;113(11):1415-23
references.pmid: 16534007
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Dec 16;338(2):736-41
references.pmid: 16243298
references.citation: Circulation. 2003 Oct 21;108(16):1917-23
references.pmid: 14568885
references.citation: Genes Immun. 2005 May;6(3):211-6
references.pmid: 15789055
references.citation: Am J Epidemiol. 1986 Aug;124(2):182-94
references.pmid: 3524200
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006 Dec;26(12):2745-51
references.pmid: 17008587
references.citation: Arch Intern Med. 2006 Jun 26;166(12):1327-8; author reply 1328
references.pmid: 16801524
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1994 Aug 18;331(7):417-24
references.pmid: 7880233
references.citation: Tissue Antigens. 2002 Jul;60(1):36-42
references.pmid: 12366781
references.citation: Ann Hum Genet. 2005 Nov;69(Pt 6):623-38
references.pmid: 16266402
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007 Jan;27(1):15-26
references.pmid: 17082488
references.citation: Pediatrics. 2007 Sep;120 Suppl 2:S78-86
references.pmid: 17767009
references.citation: J Neuroimmunol. 2001 Jan 1;112(1-2):146-52
references.pmid: 11108943
references.citation: Circulation. 2001 Aug 28;104(9):974-5
references.pmid: 11524386
references.citation: Circulation. 2000 Jan 4;101(1):E12-6
references.pmid: 10618317
references.citation: Cholesterol. 2011;2011:920983
references.pmid: 21687582
references.citation: Tissue Antigens. 2003 Dec;62(6):498-504
references.pmid: 14617033
references.citation: Inflamm Res. 2005 Oct;54(10):395-411
references.pmid: 16283107
references.citation: Immunol Rev. 2008 Jun;223:20-38
references.pmid: 18613828
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1995 Mar 9;332(10):635-41
references.pmid: 7845427
references.citation: J Autoimmun. 2004 Feb;22(1):73-8
references.pmid: 14709415
references.citation: J Intern Med. 2003 Feb;253(2):120-7
references.pmid: 12542551
references.citation: Diabetes. 2002 Nov;51(11):3347-9
references.pmid: 12401730
references.citation: Diabetes. 2007 Mar;56(3):872-8
references.pmid: 17327459
references.citation: Atherosclerosis. 2011 Jul;217(1):227-33
references.pmid: 21481392
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Oct 11;19(19):5444
references.pmid: 1681511
references.citation: Circulation. 2005 Jul 5;112(1):25-31
references.pmid: 15983251
references.citation: Angiology. 2009 Apr-May;60(2):180-5
references.pmid: 18599493
references.citation: Atherosclerosis. 2008 May;198(1):166-73
references.pmid: 17981284
references.citation: Am J Med. 2000 Apr 1;108(5):387-95
references.pmid: 10759095
references.citation: Circulation. 1999 Jan 19;99(2):237-42
references.pmid: 9892589
references.citation: PLoS Genet. 2006 Aug 25;2(8):e139
references.pmid: 16934006
references.citation: In Silico Biol. 2002;2(1):S1-15
references.pmid: 11808873
references.citation: Clin Chem. 2008 Jan;54(1):24-38
references.pmid: 18160725
references.citation: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005 Apr;115(4):828-33
references.pmid: 15806006
references.citation: Br Heart J. 1982 Mar;47(3):239-43
references.pmid: 7059401
references.citation: JAMA. 2006 Dec 13;296(22):2703-11
references.pmid: 17164456
references.citation: Heart Vessels. 2003 Sep;18(4):183-7
references.pmid: 14520485
references.citation: Circulation. 2005 Aug 2;112(5):643-50
references.pmid: 16043644
references.citation: Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2005 Dec;11(12):1031-7
references.pmid: 16306764
references.citation: Am Heart J. 2000 Oct;140(4):S27-35
references.pmid: 11011321