title: Characterization of films based on chitosan lactate and its blends with oxidized starch and gelatin.
abstract: Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of chitosan lactate (CHL) was tested against bacteria and phytopathogenic fungi. Then, the structural, physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of films based on CHL, oxidized potato starch (OPS), and gelatin (GEL) were investigated. With the exception of Rhizopus nigricans, CHL was effective against the target organisms. Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) were more sensitive to CHL than Gram-negative bacteria (Pectobacterium carotovorum and Escherichia coli). Cryo-SEM images showed total miscibility between the polymers in the blends and the ATR-FTIR spectra revealed that there was an interaction among the polymeric components. Pure CHL films displayed the highest moisture content (25.51%), water vapor permeability (48.78gmmm(-2)d(-1)kPa(-1)), and the lowest tensile and puncture strength (2.00 and 1.45MPa, respectively) among the studied films. CHL50/GEL50 films had lower permeability, higher mechanical strength, and lower elongation compared to CHL50/OPS50 films. Films obtained from CHL and CHL50/GEL50 were completely water-soluble and did not show sorbitol recrystallization. The incorporation of CHL into OPS and GEL films did not affect their transparency and improved UV-blocking capacity. CHL films were the only ones that exhibited antibacterial efficiency. Antifungal activities against Alternaria alternata and Monilinia fructigena were detected for CHL and CHL50/GEL50 films.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland. Electronic address: dariusz.kowalczyk@up.lublin.pl.
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kowalczyk
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Human Nutrition and Science of Food Commodities, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kordowska-Wiater
authors.affiliation: John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Faculty of Law and Social Sciences in Stalowa Wola, Poland; Scientific Research Inter - University Laboratory in Stalowa Wola, Poland.
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baraniak
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry*; D007773:Lactates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D055620:Optical Phenomena; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000737:chemistry; D013213:Starch / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D007773:Lactates; D014867:Water; D005780:Gelatin; D013213:Starch; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: Antimicrobial activity; Mechanical properties; WVP