title: Chromosome structure deficiencies in MCPH1 syndrome.
abstract: Mutations in the MCPH1 gene result in primary microcephaly in combination with a unique cellular phenotype of defective chromosome condensation. MCPH1 patient cells display premature chromosome condensation in G2 phase of the cell cycle and delayed decondensation in early G1 phase, observable as an increased proportion of cells with prophase-like appearance. MCPH1 deficiency thus appears to uncouple the chromosome cycle from the coordinated series of events that take place during mitosis such as some phases of the centrosome cycle and nuclear envelope breakdown. Here, we provide a further characterization of the effects of MCPH1 loss-of-function on chromosome morphology. In comparison to healthy controls, chromosomes of MCPH1 patients are shorter and display a pronounced coiling of their central chromatid axes. In addition, a substantial fraction of metaphase chromosomes shows apparently unresolved chromatids with twisted appearance. The patient chromosomes also showed signs of defective centromeric cohesion, which become more apparent and pronounced after harsh hypotonic conditions. Taking together, the observed alterations indicate additional so far unknown functions of MCPH1 during chromosome shaping and dynamics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, E-23071, Jaén, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arroyo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charite Virchow-Klinikum Hospital, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trimborn
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, E-23071, Jaén, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Chromosome Dynamics Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charite Virchow-Klinikum Hospital, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Neitzel
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, E-23071, Jaén, Spain. jamaor@ujaen.es.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Marchal
mesh_terms: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly / Q000235:genetics; D022004:Chromosome Structures / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D006801:Humans; D008831:Microcephaly / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008938:Mitosis; D009154:Mutation; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; C460645:MCPH1 protein, human; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins
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