title: Effect of smoking on serum xanthine oxidase and malondialdehyde levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of smoking on blood levels of xanthine oxidase and malondialdehyde in acute myocardial infarction patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cross-sectional study was conducted from June to November 2013 and comprised myocardial infarction in-patients at Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Hospital, Jamshoro, and Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad. Serum samples from age and gender matched smoking and non-smoking patients were investigated for the levels of xanthine oxidase and malondialdehyde by kit methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 88 serum samples investigated, 68(77.3%) belonged to men and 20(22.7%) to women. Among the 44 smokers, 35(79.5%) were men and 9(20.5%) were women.The overall mean age of the group was 49.6±8.0 years. Among the 44 non-smokers, 33(75%) were men and 11(25%) women. The overall mean age of the group was 50.9±8.4 Years. Smokers compared to non-smokers had significantly raised mean serum xanthine oxidase (0.31±0.05 vs 0.28±0.03mg/dl; p<0.05) and malondialdehyde (32.29±3.30 vs 30.30±2.87 µmol/L; p<0.04) levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smokers as against the non-smokers were at higher risk of developing acute myocardial infarction owing to increased level of oxidative stress caused by smoking.
authors.forename: Muhammad Atif
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ata
authors.forename: Fatehuddin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Khand
authors.forename: Shumaila Shabbir
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Shaikh
authors.forename: Muhammad Adeel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ata
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood*; D010154:Pakistan; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D008315:Malondialdehyde; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase