title: Plasma oxidized low density lipoprotein cholesterol correlates inversely with testosterone in young adult male smokers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are indications that oxidized low density lipoprotein cholesterol (Ox-LDLC) may play an important role in cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. In most developing countries, the interplay between the different lipid fractions and cigarette smoking has not been studied. This study assessed the effect of cigarette smoking on the alterations in plasma lipid fractions and their associations with the gonadal hormone, testosterone (T).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and sixty male participants, consisting of eighty smokers and eighty apparently healthy non-smokers were recruited. Anthropometric indices and biochemical parameters were determined using standard procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant increases were obtained in plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDLC) and Ox-LDLC/TT ratio (p<0.001) in smokers compared with the non-smokers. Plasma high density cholesterol (HDLC) (p<0.001) was significantly reduced in smokers compared with the non-smokers. The plasma mean T result was not significantly different from the non-smokers, but inversely correlated with Ox-LDLC and significantly correlated with the lipids and lipoproteins. Significantly high plasma TC, TG and LDLC (p<0.001) and low HDLC (p<0.001) were also obtained in smokers when co-founding factors such as duration and number of cigarette smoked per day were applied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed an inverse correlation between Ox-LDLC and testosterone as well as strong association between the number of tobacco and cigarettes usage per day. These changes in part, could be major causes of premature CVD and decreased fertility in young adults.
authors.affiliation: Chemical Pathology& Immunology, Obafemi Awolowo College of Health Sciences Olabisi Onabanjo,University, Sagamu Campus, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Maria Onomhaguan
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Ebesunun
authors.affiliation: Chemical Pathology& Immunology, Obafemi Awolowo College of Health Sciences Olabisi Onabanjo,University, Sagamu Campus, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Olurakinyo Lanre
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Bankole
authors.affiliation: Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN.
authors.forename: Olayiwola
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Oduwole
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D013739:Testosterone; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: CVD; Cigarette; Ox-LDLC; cholesterol; testosterone
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