title: Topical Review: The Emerging Field of Epigenetics: Informing Models of Pediatric Trauma and Physical Health.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Trauma experienced during childhood and adolescence has been linked to a number of chronic medical concerns. We highlight major findings from the pediatric trauma literature to provide a model for understanding this association.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies examining the effects of trauma were systematically reviewed and synthesized into a model proposing a central role for epigenetics in the ways that childhood experiences can affect health.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Early hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis response may impact initial trauma experience, with downstream effects on posttrauma adjustment reflected in posttrauma neurobiology, psychological health, and physical health.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prospective research with children and adolescents exposed to trauma is needed to better characterize the genetic and epigenetic influences on the course of HPA and immune processes as related to posttrauma psychological and physical health outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Bradley Hasbro Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, nicole_nugent@brown.edu.
authors.forename: Nicole R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Nugent
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Lawrence A. Aubin Sr. Child Protection Center, Hasbro Children's Hospital and.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Carl W. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uddin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D006801:Humans; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System; D000067073:Psychological Trauma / Q000235:genetics*
keywords: adjustment; genetics and genetic disorders; posttraumatic stress
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