title: Growth phase-specific evolutionary benefits of natural transformation in Acinetobacter baylyi.
abstract: Natural transformation in bacteria facilitates the uptake and genomic integration of exogenous DNA. This allows horizontal exchange of adaptive traits not easily achieved by point mutations, and has a major role in the acquisition of adaptive traits exemplified by antibiotic resistance determinants and vaccination escape. Mechanisms of DNA uptake and genomic integration are well described for several naturally transformable bacterial species; however, the selective forces responsible for its evolution and maintenance are still controversial. In this study we evolved transformation-proficient and -deficient Acinetobacter baylyi for 175 days in serial transfer cultures where stress was included. We found that natural transformation-proficient populations adapted better to active growth and early stationary phase. This advantage was offset by the reduced performance in the late stationary/death phase. We demonstrate fitness trade-offs between adaptation to active growth and survival in stationary/death phase caused by antagonistic pleiotropy. The presented data suggest that the widely held assumption that recombination speeds up adaptation by rapid accumulation of multiple adaptive mutations in the same genetic background is not sufficient to fully account for the maintenance of natural transformation in bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Ane L G
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Utnes
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Vidar
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sørum
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hülter
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Primicerio
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.|Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hegstad
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kloos
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.|GenØk-Centre for Biosafety, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Kaare M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Pål J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Johnsen
mesh_terms: D000150:Acinetobacter / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D009154:Mutation / Q000502:physiology*; D010641:Phenotype; D014169:Transformation, Bacterial / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004247:DNA
references.citation: Evolution. 2001 May;55(5):889-96
references.pmid: 11430649
references.citation: Genetics. 1996 May;143(1):15-26
references.pmid: 8722758
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2001 Dec;183(23):6822-31
references.pmid: 11698371
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Dec 4;98(25):14607-12
references.pmid: 11717398
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 May 25;101(21):8072-7
references.pmid: 15150419
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2004;32(19):5766-79
references.pmid: 15514110
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2004;32(19):5780-90
references.pmid: 15514111
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1997 May;63(5):1945-52
references.pmid: 9143126
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999 Apr;65(4):1675-80
references.pmid: 10103267
references.citation: Nat Rev Microbiol. 2005 Sep;3(9):711-21
references.pmid: 16138099
references.citation: Evolution. 2005 Nov;59(11):2343-52
references.pmid: 16396175
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jun 13;103(24):9107-12
references.pmid: 16751270
references.citation: Curr Biol. 2006 Sep 5;16(17):R705-10
references.pmid: 16950097
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2006 Dec;188(24):8534-42
references.pmid: 17028281
references.citation: Biostatistics. 2007 Jan;8(1):140-54
references.pmid: 16636139
references.citation: Nat Rev Microbiol. 2007 Sep;5(9):721-6
references.pmid: 17694072
references.citation: Res Microbiol. 2007 Dec;158(10):767-78
references.pmid: 17997281
references.citation: Evolution. 2008 Jan;62(1):39-49
references.pmid: 17976191
references.citation: Genetics. 2009 Apr;181(4):1521-33
references.pmid: 19189946
references.citation: Trends Microbiol. 2009 Jun;17(6):226-32
references.pmid: 19464181
references.citation: PLoS Genet. 2009 Aug;5(8):e1000601
references.pmid: 19680442
references.citation: Genetics. 2009 Aug;182(4):1165-81
references.pmid: 19474200
references.citation: Mol Microbiol. 2010 Mar;75(5):1078-89
references.pmid: 20088865
references.citation: Appl Microbiol. 1974 Jan;27(1):16-24
references.pmid: 4589126
references.citation: Annu Rev Microbiol. 1986;40:211-35
references.pmid: 3535646
references.citation: Adv Genet. 1987;24:323-70
references.pmid: 3324702
references.citation: Genetics. 1988 May;119(1):213-21
references.pmid: 3396864
references.citation: Genetics. 1991 Jun;128(2):215-23
references.pmid: 1906416
references.citation: Arch Microbiol. 1991;156(4):319-26
references.pmid: 1793338
references.citation: J Hered. 1993 Sep-Oct;84(5):400-4
references.pmid: 8409360
references.citation: Microbiol Rev. 1994 Sep;58(3):563-602
references.pmid: 7968924
references.citation: Trends Microbiol. 2010 Jul;18(7):315-22
references.pmid: 20452218
references.citation: Trends Genet. 2010 Sep;26(9):400-5
references.pmid: 20685006
references.citation: Science. 2012 Jan 27;335(6067):457-61
references.pmid: 22282810
references.citation: BMC Evol Biol. 2012;12:43
references.pmid: 22462622
references.citation: Genome Biol. 2012;13(6):R41
references.pmid: 22682524
references.citation: PLoS Pathog. 2012;8(11):e1003043
references.pmid: 23209414
references.citation: Genome Biol Evol. 2013;5(1):87-97
references.pmid: 23254395
references.citation: ISME J. 2013 Apr;7(4):791-9
references.pmid: 23303370
references.citation: Trends Ecol Evol. 2013 Aug;28(8):489-95
references.pmid: 23706556
references.citation: Am Nat. 2013 Oct;182(4):E112-26
references.pmid: 24021408
references.citation: PLoS Pathog. 2013;9(11):e1003758
references.pmid: 24244172
references.citation: Proc Biol Sci. 2014 Jan 22;281(1775):20132609
references.pmid: 24285199
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Dec 3;110(49):19860-5
references.pmid: 24248361
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2014 Jun;80(11):3469-83
references.pmid: 24657872
references.citation: Annu Rev Microbiol. 1999;53:217-44
references.pmid: 10547691
references.citation: Nature. 2000 May 18;405(6784):299-304
references.pmid: 10830951
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Jun 20;97(13):6981-5
references.pmid: 10860960
references.citation: Nature. 2000 Oct 12;407(6805):736-9
references.pmid: 11048718
references.citation: Mol Microbiol. 2001 May;40(3):700-7
references.pmid: 11359575
references.citation: Nat Rev Genet. 2001 Aug;2(8):634-9
references.pmid: 11483988