title: Study of clinical practical model of urinary system injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In order to improve the clinical treatment level of urinary system injury, it is necessary to build up an animal model of urinary system wound, which is not only analogous to real clinical practice, but also simple and practical.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have developed the third generation of firearm fragment wound generator based on the first and the second producer. The best explosive charge of the blank cartridge was selected by gradient powder loading experiments. The firearm fragment injuries were made to the bulbous urethra of 10 New Zealand male rabbits. One week preoperatively and 2, 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively, all the animals underwent urethroscopy and urethrography. At 2, 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively, two animals were randomly selected and killed, and the urethra was cut off for pathological examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The shooting distance of the third generation of firearm fragment wound generator is 2 cm. The best explosive charge of the blank cartridge is 1 g of nitrocotton. All rabbits survived the procedures and stayed alive until they were killed. Injuries were limited to bulbous urethra and distal urethra. Round damaged areas, 1-1.5 cm in length, on the ventral wall were observed. Ureteroscopy results showed that canal diameter gradually shrank by over 50% in 9 rabbits. The rate of success was 90%. Urethrography result noted that a 1-1.3 cm stricture was formed at the bulbous urethra. Histology results of injured stricture urethra showed that fibrous connective tissue hyperplasia and hyaline degeneration caused further stricture in the canal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The third generation of firearm fragment wound generator imitates the bullet firing process and is more accurate and repeatable. The corresponding rabbit model of traumatic complex urethral stricture simulates the real complex clinical conditions. This animal model provides a standardized platform for clinical researches on treating traumatic injuries to the urinary system.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yuan-Yi
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hainan Branch of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan 572013, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Jun
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Ying-Xin
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Bing-Hong
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yong-De
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Zhong-Xin
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jian-Guo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Hai-Song
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Ye-Yong
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Bin-Yi
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Chao-Hua
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiao-Xiong
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis / Q000601:surgery; D011817:Rabbits; D014521:Urethra / Q000601:surgery; D014525:Urethral Stricture / Q000601:surgery
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