title: The combined efficacy of carvacrol and modified atmosphere packaging on the survival of Salmonella, Campylobacter jejuni and lactic acid bacteria on turkey breast cutlets.
abstract: The primary objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of carvacrol in combination with modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) in reducing Salmonella on turkey breast cutlets stored at 4 °C. In experiment I, carvacrol (0.5, 1, and 2% v/v) was applied as surface treatment and samples were stored under aerobic condition or as surface and dip treatments followed by storage in an environment of 100% carbon dioxide. The findings of the experiment I revealed the synergistic activity of carvacrol with carbon dioxide in reducing Salmonella when used as dip treatment compared to the surface treatment. In experiment II, turkey breast cutlets were dip treated with carvacrol (0.25, 0.5, and 1% v/v) for 30 s and stored under MAP (95% carbon dioxide and 5% oxygen) to evaluate the efficacy against Salmonella, Campylobacter jejuni and lactic acid bacteria on turkey breast cutlets. In experiment II, the combined application of carvacrol and MAP resulted in 1.0-2.0 log CFU/g reduction (P ≤ 0.05) of both Salmonella and Campylobacter on turkey breast cutlets for 7 d storage at 4 °C. MAP alone and in combination with carvacrol reduced lactic acid bacteria (P ≤ 0.05) on cutlets stored at 4 °C for 21 d period. There was no difference (P ≤ 0.05) in meat color among treatments and controls except for an increased paleness of meat (P ≤ 0.05) observed for the 1% carvacrol treated cutlets stored under MAP after 21 d of storage. The high concentration of carbon dioxide and carvacrol treatments did not cause any alteration in meat pH (P ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, carvacrol was effective at a low concentration of 0.25% (v/v) in reducing Salmonella and C. jejuni by ∼1.0 log CFU/g when stored under MAP.
authors.affiliation: Poultry Science Department, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, USA.
authors.forename: Divek V T
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.affiliation: Poultry Science Department, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, USA.
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kiess
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, USA.
authors.forename: Rama
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nannapaneni
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, USA.
authors.forename: Wes
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schilling
authors.affiliation: Poultry Science Department, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, USA. Electronic address: csharma@poultry.msstate.edu.
authors.forename: Chander Shekhar
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D016123:Campylobacter jejuni / Q000254:growth & development*; D000081007:Cymenes; D005503:Food Additives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control; D018857:Food Packaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology*; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000254:growth & development*; D014422:Turkeys / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000081007:Cymenes; D005503:Food Additives; D039821:Monoterpenes; D019344:Lactic Acid; C073316:carvacrol
keywords: Campylobacter; Carvacrol; Lactic acid bacteria; Modified atmosphere packaging; Natural antimicrobial; Poultry; Salmonella