title: Purified polysaccharides of Geoffroea spinosa barks have anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities devoid of hemorrhagic risks.
abstract: Polysaccharides were extracted from the barks of Geoffroea spinosa, purified using anion exchange chromatography and characterized by chemical and methylation analysis, complemented by infrared and NMR spectroscopies. These polysaccharides were tested for their anticoagulant, antithrombotic and antiplatelet activities and also for their effects on bleeding. Unfractionated polysaccharide contains low levels of protein and high levels of carbohydrate (including hexuronic acid). The purified polysaccharides (fractions FII and FIII) are composed of arabinose (Ara), rhamnose (Rha), hexuronic acid, small amounts of galactose, but no sulfate ester. They have highly complex structure, which was partially characterized. NMR and methylation analysis indicate that the polysaccharides have a core of α-Rhap and branches of 5-linked α-Araf. Residues of 4-linked α-GalpA are also found in the structure. The unfractionated (TPL) and fraction FIII, but not fractions FI and FII, prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). TPL, FII and FIII inhibited the platelet aggregation induced by ADP. More significantly, both unfractionated and purified fractions exhibited potent antithrombotic effect (31-60%) and the fractions did not modify the bleeding tendency. These plant polysaccharides could be alternative source of new anticoagulant, antiplatelet and antithrombotic compounds devoid of the undesirable risk of hemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Fisio-Farmacologia da Inflamação, Av. Paranjana, 1700, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Racquel O S
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Fisio-Farmacologia da Inflamação, Av. Paranjana, 1700, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana M S
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Assreuy
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Fisio-Farmacologia da Inflamação, Av. Paranjana, 1700, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Madeira
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Faculdade de Educação, Ciências e Letras do Sertão Central, Laboratório de Polissacarídeos Bioativos, Rua José de Queiroz Pessoa, 2554, Quixadá, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco D S
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Chagas
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Rua Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 255, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luane A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Parreiras
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Rua Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 255, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gustavo R C
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Rua Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 255, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo A S
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Mourão
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Fisio-Farmacologia da Inflamação, Av. Paranjana, 1700, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Faculdade de Educação, Ciências e Letras do Sertão Central, Laboratório de Polissacarídeos Bioativos, Rua José de Queiroz Pessoa, 2554, Quixadá, Ceará, Brazil. Electronic address: mag12_99@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Maria G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Pereira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D009005:Monosaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D009005:Monosaccharides; D011134:Polysaccharides
keywords: Anticoagulant; Antiplatelet; Antithrombotic; Geoffroea spinosa; Polysaccharides; Structure