title: Ability of the gut microbiota to produce PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites: Proof of concept in germ-free versus conventionalized mice.
abstract: METHODS
  The gut microbiota is able to modulate host physiology through the production of bioactive metabolites. Our recent studies suggest that changes in gut microbiota composition upon prebiotics supplementation alter tissue levels of PUFA-derived metabolites in mice. However, in vivo evidence that gut microbes produces PUFA-derived metabolites is lacking. This study aimed to decipher the contribution of gut microbes versus that of the host in PUFA-derived metabolite production.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To achieve this goal, we compared the proportion of PUFA-derived metabolites and the expression of fatty acid desaturases in germ-free (GF) and conventionalized (CONV) mice fed either a low fat or Western diet. Higher concentrations of PUFA-derived metabolites were found in the colonic contents of conventionalized mice (CONV) mice compared to GF mice. The abundance of these metabolites in host tissues was modulated by dietary treatments but not by microbial status. Although microbial status did significantly influence desaturase expression, no correlations between host enzymes and tissue PUFA-derived metabolite levels were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Together, these results highlight the ability of the gut microbiota to produce PUFA-derived metabolites from dietary PUFA. However, microbial production of these metabolites in colonic contents is not necessarily associated with modifications of their concentration in host tissues.
authors.affiliation: Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Druart
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
authors.forename: Laure B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Bindels
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schmaltz
authors.affiliation: Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Audrey M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Neyrinck
authors.affiliation: Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Patrice D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Cani
authors.affiliation: Nutrition, Microbes, and Gastrointestinal Health, Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
authors.forename: Amanda E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Ramer-Tait
authors.affiliation: Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Nathalie M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Delzenne
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003106:Colon / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D066273:Diet, Western; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000378:metabolism*; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000378:metabolism*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology / Q000382:microbiology; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D005856:Germ-Free Life; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases
keywords: Germ-free; Gut microbiota; PUFA-derived metabolites; Western diet
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