title: Development and evaluation of dexamethasone nanomicelles with potential for treating posterior uveitis after topical application.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims at the development and preliminary evaluation of dexamethasone nanomicelles for treating posterior uveitis. Nanomicelles were formulated using polyoxyl 40 stearate (P40S) and polysorbate 80 (P80), which are approved by the FDA for ocular use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dexamethasone nanomicelles were prepared and characterized for critical micellar concentration, solubility of dexamethasone, particle size, surface charge, morphology, in vitro drug release, clarity, stability, filtration efficiency, and sterility. Ocular tolerance and the tissue drug distribution of dexamethasone were assessed in rabbits after single and multiple topical administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dexamethasone nanomicelles (0.1% w/v) were successfully developed and characterized with an optimized composition of P40S/P80=7/3 by weight. The mean diameter of blank and drug-loaded nanomicelles was 13.3±0.4 and 14.5±0.4 nm, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy images revealed the spherical structure of nanomicelles. Nanomicelles were found to be stable with respect to clarity, size and drug content at 4°C and 25°C for up to 6 months. No irritation or redness was observed in the treated eyes as compared with the untreated control rabbit eyes. Therapeutic concentrations of dexamethasone were observed in the retina and choroid after single and multiple topical application in rabbits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, the nanomicelles of P40S and P80 could efficiently solubilize 0.1% dexamethasone in their cores. The results also indicate that mixed nanomicelles could be utilized as a potential delivery system for delivering dexamethasone to treat the back of the eye diseases such as posterior uveitis after topical application.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio.
authors.forename: Soohi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Chandrasekhar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garapati
authors.forename: Pallabita
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.forename: Himanshu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nesamony
authors.forename: Surya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nauli
authors.forename: Sai H S
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Boddu
mesh_terms: D060433:Administration, Ophthalmic; D000818:Animals; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning / Q000379:methods; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D008823:Micelles; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission / Q000379:methods; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D011817:Rabbits; D012995:Solubility; D015866:Uveitis, Posterior / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D008823:Micelles; D003907:Dexamethasone
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