title: Chemically functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes enhance the glutamate uptake characteristics of mouse cortical astrocytes.
abstract: Using a radioactive glutamate uptake assay and immunolabeling, we report that single-walled carbon nanotubes, chemically functionalized with polyethylene glycol (SWCNT-PEG), delivered as a colloidal solute, cause an increase in the uptake of extracellular glutamate by astrocytes and an increase in the immunoreactivity of the glutamate transporter GLAST on their cell surface, which is likely a consequence of an increase in the immunoreactivity of glial fibrillary acidic protein. Additional corollary is that astrocytes exposed to SWCNT-PEG became larger and stellate, morphological characteristics of maturation and heightened activity of these glial cells. These results imply that SWCNT-PEG could potentially be used as a viable candidate for neural prosthesis applications, perhaps to alleviate the death toll of neurons due to glutamate excitotoxicity, a pathological process observed in brain and spinal cord injuries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1719 6th Ave S, CIRC 429, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
authors.forename: Manoj K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Gottipati
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bekyarova
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Haddon
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Parpura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D048429:Cell Size; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003102:Colloids; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D027341:Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D027342:Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012995:Solubility; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D003102:Colloids; D027341:Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; D027342:Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; C493393:Slc1a3 protein, mouse; C528900:glial fibrillary astrocytic protein, mouse; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols
references.citation: J Biomed Nanotechnol. 2005 Mar 1;1(1):3-17
references.pmid: 19763242
references.citation: Neurodegener Dis. 2007;4(4):292-9
references.pmid: 17627132
references.citation: Nature. 1998 Jan 15;391(6664):281-5
references.pmid: 9440691
references.citation: Nano Lett. 2012 Sep 12;12(9):4742-7
references.pmid: 22924813
references.citation: Brain Res Dev Brain Res. 2003 Jun 12;143(1):99-104
references.pmid: 12763584
references.citation: J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2005 Oct;5(10):1707-12
references.pmid: 16245532
references.citation: Glia. 2008 Jun;56(8):821-35
references.pmid: 18338793
references.citation: Life Sci. 1986 Jun 9;38(23):2077-85
references.pmid: 2872566
references.citation: Br J Pharmacol. 2011 Jun;163(3):533-45
references.pmid: 21309758
references.citation: Toxicol Lett. 2007 Jan 30;168(2):121-31
references.pmid: 17169512
references.citation: Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2004 May 19;124(2):114-23
references.pmid: 15135219
references.citation: Traffic. 2007 Jan;8(1):12-20
references.pmid: 17229312
references.citation: J Neurotrauma. 2004 Jun;21(6):754-74
references.pmid: 15253803
references.citation: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1990 Sep;10(5):631-7
references.pmid: 2384536
references.citation: Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2009;2009:3294-7
references.pmid: 19964296
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1980 Jun;85(3):890-902
references.pmid: 6248568
references.citation: J Physiol. 2009 Feb 15;587(Pt 4):713-9
references.pmid: 19218620
references.citation: J Neurotrauma. 2011 Nov;28(11):2349-62
references.pmid: 21303267
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2004 Mar 17;24(11):2633-42
references.pmid: 15028755
references.citation: Neurotoxicology. 2009 Jul;30(4):702-11
references.pmid: 19465056
references.citation: Mol Pharmacol. 1998 Feb;53(2):195-201
references.pmid: 9463476
references.citation: J Neurosci Res. 2004 Apr 1;76(1):86-97
references.pmid: 15048932
references.citation: Cell Tissue Res. 1997 Feb;287(3):447-58
references.pmid: 9023076
references.citation: J Neurosci Res. 2004 Mar 15;75(6):751-9
references.pmid: 14994336
references.citation: IEEE Trans Image Process. 2005 Sep;14(9):1372-83
references.pmid: 16190472
references.citation: J Neurosci. 1997 Nov 1;17(21):8363-75
references.pmid: 9334410
references.citation: Neurosci Lett. 2014 Apr 17;565:7-13
references.pmid: 24508671
references.citation: Prog Brain Res. 1994;100:47-51
references.pmid: 7938533
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2009 Feb 11;29(6):1743-54
references.pmid: 19211881
references.citation: Neurochem Int. 2010 Mar;56(4):577-84
references.pmid: 20064572
references.citation: Cell Calcium. 2011 Jan;49(1):23-34
references.pmid: 21163525
references.citation: Nano Lett. 2014 Jul 9;14(7):3720-7
references.pmid: 24875845
references.citation: Glia. 2013 Apr;61(4):529-38
references.pmid: 23361961
references.citation: Nat Nanotechnol. 2008 Jul;3(7):434-9
references.pmid: 18654569