title: Rejuvenating immunity: "anti-aging drug today" eight years later.
abstract: The 2014 year ended with celebration: Everolimus, a rapamycin analog, was shown to improve immunity in old humans, heralding "a turning point" in research and new era in human quest for immortality. Yet, this turning point was predicted a decade ago. But what will cause human death, when aging will be abolished?
authors.affiliation: Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Mikhail V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Blagosklonny
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D000068338:Everolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008136:Longevity / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D000068338:Everolimus
keywords: TOR; diseases; gerosuppression; lifespan; longevity; mTOR; rapalogs
references.citation: PLoS One. 2011;6(1):e16144
references.pmid: 21283571
references.citation: Aging (Albany NY). 2010 Dec;2(12):924-35
references.pmid: 21212465
references.citation: Methods Mol Biol. 2013;965:15-35
references.pmid: 23296649
references.citation: Aging (Albany NY). 2013 Feb;5(2):111-9
references.pmid: 23454868
references.citation: Curr Biol. 2004 May 25;14(10):885-90
references.pmid: 15186745
references.citation: Aging (Albany NY). 2012 Jul;4(7):450-5
references.pmid: 22869016
references.citation: Nature. 2014 Feb 20;506(7488):316-21
references.pmid: 24522534
references.citation: Science. 1991 Aug 23;253(5022):905-9
references.pmid: 1715094
references.citation: Aging (Albany NY). 2013 Feb;5(2):100-10
references.pmid: 23454836
references.citation: Cell Cycle. 2013 Dec 15;12(24):3736-42
references.pmid: 24240128
references.citation: Science. 1997 Nov 14;278(5341):1319-22
references.pmid: 9360933
references.citation: Sci Transl Med. 2012 Jul 25;4(144):144ra103
references.pmid: 22837538
references.citation: Aging (Albany NY). 2011 Nov;3(11):1051-62
references.pmid: 22166724
references.citation: Am J Pathol. 2010 May;176(5):2092-7
references.pmid: 20363920
references.citation: Front Genet. 2012 Sep 25;3:189
references.pmid: 23056007
references.citation: Cell Metab. 2006 Aug;4(2):133-42
references.pmid: 16890541
references.citation: Antioxid Redox Signal. 2013 Jul 20;19(3):321-9
references.pmid: 22870907
references.citation: Aging Cell. 2012 Aug;11(4):675-82
references.pmid: 22587563
references.citation: Aging (Albany NY). 2010 May;2(5):265-73
references.pmid: 20519781
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Aug 14;109(33):13314-8
references.pmid: 22847439
references.citation: J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005 Jul;16(7):2063-72
references.pmid: 15917339
references.citation: Clin Transplant. 2004 Aug;18(4):446-9
references.pmid: 15233824
references.citation: Cell Cycle. 2012 Jun 15;11(12):2391-401
references.pmid: 22627671
references.citation: Cell Cycle. 2009 Jun 15;8(12):1888-95
references.pmid: 19471117
references.citation: Cell Death Dis. 2013;4:e964
references.pmid: 24336084
references.citation: Science. 2005 Nov 18;310(5751):1193-6
references.pmid: 16293764
references.citation: EMBO Rep. 2005 Jul;6 Spec No:S25-9
references.pmid: 15995657
references.citation: Exp Gerontol. 2011 May;46(5):376-81
references.pmid: 20849947
references.citation: Cell. 2005 Feb 25;120(4):449-60
references.pmid: 15734678
references.citation: Sci Transl Med. 2011 Jun 29;3(89):89ra58
references.pmid: 21715679
references.citation: Transplant Proc. 2010 Nov;42(9 Suppl):S41-3
references.pmid: 21095451
references.citation: Aging (Albany NY). 2013 Aug;5(8):623-36
references.pmid: 23974852
references.citation: Aging Cell. 2014 Jun;13(3):468-77
references.pmid: 24341993
references.citation: Aging (Albany NY). 2014 Sep;6(9):742-54
references.pmid: 25324470
references.citation: Aging Cell. 2009 Sep;8(5):542-52
references.pmid: 19594484
references.citation: Cell Cycle. 2010 May 15;9(10):1859-62
references.pmid: 20436272
references.citation: Cell Cycle. 2013 Sep 15;12(18):3063-9
references.pmid: 23974099
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009 Oct;1790(10):1067-74
references.pmid: 19539012
references.citation: Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2005 Feb;16(1):29-37
references.pmid: 15659337
references.citation: Aging (Albany NY). 2012 Oct;4(10):709-14
references.pmid: 23123616
references.citation: Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2013 Feb;23(1):53-62
references.pmid: 23317514
references.citation: Nature. 2003 Dec 11;426(6967):620
references.pmid: 14668850
references.citation: Cell Cycle. 2010 Dec 15;9(24):4788-94
references.pmid: 21150328
references.citation: Nature. 2013 Jan 17;493(7432):338-45
references.pmid: 23325216
references.citation: Aging (Albany NY). 2013 Jul;5(7):490-4
references.pmid: 23872658
references.citation: Aging (Albany NY). 2013 Jul;5(7):539-50
references.pmid: 23929887
references.citation: Rejuvenation Res. 2010 Apr-Jun;13(2-3):246-7
references.pmid: 20017609
references.citation: Cell Cycle. 2014;13(23):3628-35
references.pmid: 25483060
references.citation: Aging (Albany NY). 2012 Oct;4(10):660-1
references.pmid: 23128359
references.citation: Cell Cycle. 2009 Dec 15;8(24):4112-8
references.pmid: 19946210
references.citation: Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2005 Apr;17(2):158-66
references.pmid: 15780592
references.citation: Cell Cycle. 2008 Nov 1;7(21):3355-61
references.pmid: 18948731
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2012 Jul 26;367(4):329-39
references.pmid: 22830463
references.citation: Cell Cycle. 2012 Jun 15;11(12):2231-2
references.pmid: 22714590
references.citation: Cell Cycle. 2008 Nov 1;7(21):3344-54
references.pmid: 18971624
references.citation: Cell Cycle. 2012 Jun 15;11(12):2402-7
references.pmid: 22672902
references.citation: J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2005 Oct;46(4):481-6
references.pmid: 16160601
references.citation: Transplantation. 2005 Oct 15;80(7):883-9
references.pmid: 16249734
references.citation: Aging (Albany NY). 2009 Mar;1(3):281-8
references.pmid: 20157517
references.citation: J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2011 Feb;66(2):191-201
references.pmid: 20974732
references.citation: Transplantation. 2014 Jan 15;97(1):20-9
references.pmid: 24092377
references.citation: J Hepatol. 2006 Dec;45(6):786-96
references.pmid: 17050028
references.citation: Cancer Biol Ther. 2008 Oct;7(10):1520-4
references.pmid: 18769112
references.citation: Aging Cell. 2014 Aug;13(4):616-22
references.pmid: 24655348
references.citation: Aging (Albany NY). 2011 Dec;3(12):1130-41
references.pmid: 22246147
references.citation: Aging (Albany NY). 2012 Dec;4(12):861-77
references.pmid: 23425777
references.citation: Genes Dev. 2006 Jan 15;20(2):174-84
references.pmid: 16418483
references.citation: Cell Metab. 2012 May 2;15(5):713-24
references.pmid: 22560223
references.citation: J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006 Feb;17(2):581-9
references.pmid: 16434506
references.citation: Annu Rev Physiol. 2013;75:621-44
references.pmid: 23190075
references.citation: Aging (Albany NY). 2013 Jul;5(7):487
references.pmid: 23852312
references.citation: Nature. 2009 Jul 16;460(7253):392-5
references.pmid: 19587680
references.citation: Cell Cycle. 2011 Dec 15;10(24):4217-24
references.pmid: 22157190
references.citation: FASEB J. 2008 Mar;22(3):807-18
references.pmid: 17928362
references.citation: Aging (Albany NY). 2014 May;6(5):390-8
references.pmid: 24861087
references.citation: Nat Genet. 2005 Jan;37(1):19-24
references.pmid: 15624019
references.citation: Sci Transl Med. 2014 Dec 24;6(268):268ra179
references.pmid: 25540326
references.citation: Aging Cell. 2013 Feb;12(1):24-31
references.pmid: 23061800
references.citation: Exp Gerontol. 2011 May;46(5):382-90
references.pmid: 21130151
references.citation: Aging (Albany NY). 2012 Jun;4(6):375-6
references.pmid: 22796653
references.citation: Biochem Soc Trans. 2011 Apr;39(2):460-5
references.pmid: 21428920
references.citation: Cell. 2006 Feb 10;124(3):471-84
references.pmid: 16469695
references.citation: Oncoimmunology. 2013 Dec 1;2(12):e26961
references.pmid: 24575379
references.citation: Cell Cycle. 2006 Sep;5(18):2087-102
references.pmid: 17012837
references.citation: Science. 2009 Oct 2;326(5949):140-4
references.pmid: 19797661
references.citation: Aging (Albany NY). 2012 Mar;4(3):159-65
references.pmid: 22394614
references.citation: Drug Discov Today. 2007 Feb;12(3-4):112-24
references.pmid: 17275731
references.citation: Clin Breast Cancer. 2006 Oct;7(4):336-8
references.pmid: 17092402
references.citation: Springerplus. 2014 Dec 15;3:735
references.pmid: 25674466
references.citation: Aging (Albany NY). 2013 May;5(5):328-9
references.pmid: 23645164
references.citation: Aging (Albany NY). 2012 Aug;4(8):547-52
references.pmid: 22915707
references.citation: Cell Cycle. 2013 Jun 15;12(12):1842-7
references.pmid: 23708516
references.citation: Cancer Biol Ther. 2014 May;15(5):586-92
references.pmid: 24556924
references.citation: Mol Cells. 2012 Jun;33(6):597-604
references.pmid: 22570149
references.citation: Aging (Albany NY). 2010 Jun;2(6):344-52
references.pmid: 20606252
references.citation: Aging (Albany NY). 2014 Mar;6(3):158-9
references.pmid: 24670390
references.citation: Cell Cycle. 2010 Aug 15;9(16):3151-6
references.pmid: 20724817
references.citation: Cell Cycle. 2012 Dec 15;11(24):4642-9
references.pmid: 23187803
references.citation: Nature. 1993 Dec 2;366(6454):461-4
references.pmid: 8247153
references.citation: Cell Cycle. 2011 Dec 15;10(24):4230-6
references.pmid: 22107964
references.citation: Nature. 2003 Jan 9;421(6919):182-7
references.pmid: 12483226
references.citation: EMBO Rep. 2003 Apr;4(4):358-62
references.pmid: 12671679
references.citation: Drug Discov Today. 2007 Mar;12(5-6):218-24
references.pmid: 17331886
references.citation: Oncotarget. 2012 Dec;3(12):1711-24
references.pmid: 23565531
references.citation: Aging (Albany NY). 2012 May;4(5):350-8
references.pmid: 22683661
references.citation: Cell. 2006 Mar 10;124(5):1055-68
references.pmid: 16530050
references.citation: Cell Cycle. 2009 Dec 15;8(24):4055-9
references.pmid: 19923900
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 May 25;107(21):9660-4
references.pmid: 20457898
references.citation: Science. 2012 Mar 30;335(6076):1638-43
references.pmid: 22461615
references.citation: Cell Cycle. 2013 Oct 15;12(20):3249-52
references.pmid: 24036549
references.citation: Aging (Albany NY). 2014 Jan;6(1):48-57
references.pmid: 24481314
references.citation: Aging (Albany NY). 2013 Nov;5(11):793-801
references.pmid: 24389041
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Jun 17;111(24):8832-7
references.pmid: 24889617
references.citation: Nat Rev Genet. 2002 Mar;3(3):165-75
references.pmid: 11972154
references.citation: Cancer Biol Ther. 2012 Dec;13(14):1349-54
references.pmid: 23151465
references.citation: Am J Pathol. 2012 Aug;181(2):472-7
references.pmid: 22683466
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2013 Mar;123(3):980-9
references.pmid: 23454761
references.citation: Cell Death Dis. 2014;5:e1552
references.pmid: 25476900
references.citation: Cell Stem Cell. 2012 Sep 7;11(3):401-14
references.pmid: 22958932
references.citation: Dev Biol. 2005 Oct 1;286(1):91-101
references.pmid: 16153634
references.citation: Exp Gerontol. 2012 Dec;47(12):958-65
references.pmid: 22981852
references.citation: Cancer Biol Ther. 2013 Dec;14(12):1182-8
references.pmid: 24184801
references.citation: Aging (Albany NY). 2010 Apr;2(4):177-82
references.pmid: 20404395
references.citation: Aging Cell. 2008 Jan;7(1):13-22
references.pmid: 17996009
references.citation: Cancer Biol Ther. 2013 Dec;14(12):1092-7
references.pmid: 24345884
references.citation: Cell Death Differ. 2013 Sep;20(9):1241-9
references.pmid: 23852369
references.citation: Cell Rep. 2013 Sep 12;4(5):913-20
references.pmid: 23994476
references.citation: Science. 2013 Dec 20;342(6165):1524-8
references.pmid: 24231806
references.citation: Aging (Albany NY). 2013 Apr;5(4):227-33
references.pmid: 23603822
references.citation: Am J Pathol. 2012 Oct;181(4):1142-6
references.pmid: 22841821