title: The parasite Ichthyophonus sp. in Pacific herring from the coastal NE Pacific.
abstract: The protistan parasite Ichthyophonus occurred in populations of Pacific herring Clupea pallasii Valenciennes throughout coastal areas of the NE Pacific, ranging from Puget Sound, WA north to the Gulf of Alaska, AK. Infection prevalence in local Pacific herring stocks varied seasonally and annually, and a general pattern of increasing prevalence with host size and/or age persisted throughout the NE Pacific. An exception to this zoographic pattern occurred among a group of juvenile, age 1+ year Pacific herring from Cordova Harbor, AK in June 2010, which demonstrated an unusually high infection prevalence of 35%. Reasons for this anomaly were hypothesized to involve anthropogenic influences that resulted in locally elevated infection pressures. Interannual declines in infection prevalence from some populations (e.g. Lower Cook Inlet, AK; from 20-32% in 2007 to 0-3% during 2009-13) or from the largest size cohorts of other populations (e.g. Sitka Sound, AK; from 62.5% in 2007 to 19.6% in 2013) were likely a reflection of selective mortality among the infected cohorts. All available information for Ichthyophonus in the NE Pacific, including broad geographic range, low host specificity and presence in archived Pacific herring tissue samples dating to the 1980s, indicate a long-standing host-pathogen relationship.
authors.affiliation: U. S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center - Marrowstone Marine Field Station, Nordland, WA, USA.
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Hershberger
authors.affiliation: U. S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center - Marrowstone Marine Field Station, Nordland, WA, USA.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gregg
authors.affiliation: U. S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center - Marrowstone Marine Field Station, Nordland, WA, USA.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.affiliation: Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) - Commercial Fisheries, Cordova, AK, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moffitt
authors.affiliation: Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) - Commercial Fisheries, Cordova, AK, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brenner
authors.affiliation: Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Fish Program, Region 4 LaConner District Office, La Conner, WA, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stick
authors.affiliation: ADF&G - Commercial Fisheries, Sitka, AK, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Coonradt
authors.affiliation: ADF&G - Commercial Fisheries, Homer, AK, USA.
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Otis
authors.affiliation: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Alaska Fisheries Science Center - Auke Bay Laboratories, Juneau, AK, USA.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Vollenweider
authors.affiliation: Fisheries and Oceans Canada - Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Garver
authors.affiliation: New Jersey Division of Fish & Wildlife, Office of Fish & Wildlife Health & Forensics, Oxford, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lovy
authors.affiliation: ADF&G - Juneau Fish Pathology Laboratory, Juneau, AK, USA.
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Meyers
mesh_terms: D000413:Alaska; D000818:Animals; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000469:parasitology*; D005399:Fishes; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D050298:Mesomycetozoea / Q000502:physiology*; D050738:Mesomycetozoea Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000473:pathology; D010140:Pacific Ocean / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012621:Seasons
keywords: Ichthyophonus; Pacific herring