title: Myocardial Damage Detected by Two-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography in Patients with Extracardiac Sarcoidosis: Comparison with Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to determine whether two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography can identify the myocardial damage detected by delayed enhancement (DE) magnetic resonance imaging via the differences in myocardial deformation in patients with extracardiac sarcoidosis who showed no structural and functional abnormalities in the heart.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five patients with biopsy-proven extracardiac sarcoidosis were analyzed retrospectively. Patients with abnormal electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings, including ventricular arrhythmias, heart block, regional wall motion abnormalities, valvular heart disease, and cardiomyopathy, were excluded. Ten age-matched healthy control subjects were recruited as a control group. Comprehensive echocardiography and DE magnetic resonance imaging were performed, and circumferential, longitudinal, and radial strain were consecutively assessed using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiographic software in a 16-segment model of the left ventricle in accordance to the presence (DE+) or absence (DE-) of DE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 45 patients, 36 segments in 13 patients showed DE. DE+ segments had lower peak circumferential strain than DE- and control segments (-14 ± 5% vs -28 ± 7% vs -30 ± 7%, P < .0001). Peak longitudinal strain in DE+ segments was significantly decreased compared with control segments (-19 ± 4% vs -23 ± 5%, P = .005). However, peak radial strain was similar among the three groups: 41 ± 17% in DE+ segments, 45 ± 23% in DE- segments, and 46 ± 18% in control segments (P = .50).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Circumferential and longitudinal strain via two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography can identify the myocardial damage detected by DE magnetic resonance imaging in patients with extracardiac sarcoidosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Orii
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan. Electronic address: hiratakumiko@aol.com.
authors.forename: Kumiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasutsugu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shiono
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kunihiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamano
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ino
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imanishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akasaka
mesh_terms: D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013318:Stroke Volume
keywords: Delayed enhancement magnetic resonance imaging; Sarcoidosis; Two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography