title: Salt stress reduces root meristem size by nitric oxide-mediated modulation of auxin accumulation and signaling in Arabidopsis.
abstract: The development of the plant root system is highly plastic, which allows the plant to adapt to various environmental stresses. Salt stress inhibits root elongation by reducing the size of the root meristem. However, the mechanism underlying this process remains unclear. In this study, we explored whether and how auxin and nitric oxide (NO) are involved in salt-mediated inhibition of root meristem growth in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) using physiological, pharmacological, and genetic approaches. We found that salt stress significantly reduced root meristem size by down-regulating the expression of PINFORMED (PIN) genes, thereby reducing auxin levels. In addition, salt stress promoted AUXIN RESISTANT3 (AXR3)/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID17 (IAA17) stabilization, which repressed auxin signaling during this process. Furthermore, salt stress stimulated NO accumulation, whereas blocking NO production with the inhibitor N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine-methylester compromised the salt-mediated reduction of root meristem size, PIN down-regulation, and stabilization of AXR3/IAA17, indicating that NO is involved in salt-mediated inhibition of root meristem growth. Taken together, these findings suggest that salt stress inhibits root meristem growth by repressing PIN expression (thereby reducing auxin levels) and stabilizing IAA17 (thereby repressing auxin signaling) via increasing NO levels.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors.forename: Rong-Jun
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors.forename: Tong-Tong
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors.forename: Zheng-Wei
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China yingtlu@whu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ying-Tang
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8875-9091
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D018519:Meristem / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D055550:Protein Stability / Q000187:drug effects; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D012965:Sodium Chloride
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