title: Functional magnetic resonance imaging findings in Meares-Irlen syndrome: a pilot sudy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate patterns of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activation during sentence reading before and after wearing color-tinted lenses.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 15 Meares-Irlen syndrome patients with a mean age of 23.4 years (range, 13 to 42 years) with no history of neurological or psychiatric disorders were scanned using a 3T MR scanner (Siemens, Tim-Trio, Germany). Each patient underwent two sessions of fMRI imaging (before and after MISViS color-tinted lens application). The fMRI paradigm included a block design of 20 seconds of rest (cross), 20 seconds of activation (sentence reading), and ten blocks (a total of 200 echo-planar image volumes) repeated for each session. Data preprocessing and analyses were performed using the SPM8 software package.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The reading speed of patients improved more than 20% while wearing the selected lenses. When compared to the before-lens session, the after-lens session identified significant regions of activation in the left middle and superior temporal gyri (paired t-test; maximal z score, 5.38; Montreal Neurological Institute coordinate, -60 / -39 / 0; threshold at p < 0.05; corrected for multiple comparisons using family-wise error). No region of activation at the same threshold was found in the before-lens session as compared to the after-lens session.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the current study, we confirmed activation in the left middle and superior temporal gyri during sentence reading after wearing color-tinted lenses. These results could explain the effectiveness of color-tinted lenses in patients with Meares-Irlen syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Suk-Gyu
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003118:Color Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D004410:Dyslexia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005139:Eyeglasses; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D010468:Perceptual Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011932:Reading; D013577:Syndrome; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Left temporal gyrus; Magnetic resonance imaging; Meares-Irlen syndrome
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