title: The role of turbulence in coronal heating and solar wind expansion.
abstract: Plasma in the Sun's hot corona expands into the heliosphere as a supersonic and highly magnetized solar wind. This paper provides an overview of our current understanding of how the corona is heated and how the solar wind is accelerated. Recent models of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence have progressed to the point of successfully predicting many observed properties of this complex, multi-scale system. However, it is not clear whether the heating in open-field regions comes mainly from the dissipation of turbulent fluctuations that are launched from the solar surface, or whether the chaotic 'magnetic carpet' in the low corona energizes the system via magnetic reconnection. To help pin down the physics, we also review some key observational results from ultraviolet spectroscopy of the collisionless outer corona.
authors.affiliation: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 8030, USA scranmer@cfa.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3699-3134
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Cranmer
authors.affiliation: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Mahboubeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asgari-Targhi
authors.affiliation: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Mari Paz
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Miralles
authors.affiliation: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Raymond
authors.affiliation: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Leonard
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Strachan
authors.affiliation: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Woolsey
keywords: heliosphere; plasma physics; solar atmosphere; solar corona; solar wind; turbulence
references.citation: Astrophys J. 2000 Apr 1;532(2):L153-L156
references.pmid: 10715247
references.citation: Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2015 May 13;373(2041):
references.pmid: 25848081
references.citation: Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2015 May 13;373(2041):
references.pmid: 25848075
references.citation: Phys Rev Lett. 2004 May 14;92(19):194501
references.pmid: 15169407
references.citation: Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2006 Feb 15;364(1839):505-27
references.pmid: 16414894
references.citation: Nature. 2013 Jan 24;493(7433):501-3
references.pmid: 23344359
references.citation: Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2015 May 13;373(2041):
references.pmid: 25848076
references.citation: Science. 2007 Dec 7;318(5856):1591-4
references.pmid: 18063790
references.citation: Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2015 May 13;373(2041):
references.pmid: 25848084
references.citation: Phys Rev Lett. 1989 Oct 23;63(17):1807-1810
references.pmid: 10040678
references.citation: Science. 2014 Oct 17;346(6207):1255711
references.pmid: 25324395
references.citation: Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2008 Dec 13;366(1884):4489-500
references.pmid: 18812302
references.citation: Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2012 Jul 13;370(1970):3217-40
references.pmid: 22665900
references.citation: Astrophys J. 2000 Mar 1;531(1):L79-L82
references.pmid: 10673419
references.citation: Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2015 May 13;373(2041):
references.pmid: 25848085
references.citation: Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2015 May 13;373(2041):
references.pmid: 25848079
references.citation: Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2015 May 13;373(2041):
references.pmid: 25848082