title: Molecular characterization of Salmonella paratyphi B dT+ and Salmonella Heidelberg from poultry and retail chicken meat in Colombia by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.
abstract: Salmonella Paratyphi B dT+ variant (also termed Salmonella Java) and Salmonella Heidelberg are pathogens of public health importance that are frequently isolated from poultry. As a step toward implementing the Colombian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistant Surveillance, this study characterized molecular patterns of Salmonella Paratyphi B dT+ and Salmonella Heidelberg isolated from poultry farms, fecal samples, and retail chicken meat using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The objective of this study was to determine the genetic relationship among isolates and to determine potential geographically predominant genotypes. Based on PFGE analysis, both serovars exhibited high heterogeneity: the chromosomal DNA fingerprints of 82 Salmonella Paratyphi B dT+ isolates revealed 42 PFGE patterns, whereas the 21 isolates of Salmonella Heidelberg revealed 10 patterns. Similar genotypes of both serovars were demonstrated to be present on farms and in retail outlets. For Salmonella Paratyphi B dT+, closely genetically related strains were found among isolates coming from different farms and different integrated poultry companies within two departments (Santander and Cundinamarca) and also from farms located in the two geographically distant departments. For Salmonella Heidelberg, there were fewer farms with genetically related isolates than for Salmonella Paratyphi B dT+. A possible dissemination of similar genotypes of both serovars along the poultry production chain is hypothesized, and some facilitating factors existing in Colombia are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (CORPOICA), Centro de Biotecnología y Bioindustria (CBB), Kilómetro 14, Vía Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia. pidonado@corpoica.org.co.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Donado-Godoy
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, Texas 77845, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hume
authors.affiliation: Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA), Carrera 41 no. 17-81, Bogotá DC, Colombia.
authors.forename: Maribel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: León
authors.affiliation: Pan American Health Organization, Regional Office for the Americas of the World Health Organization, 525 Twenty-third Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037, USA.
authors.forename: Enriqué
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pérez-Gutiérrez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Microbiológicas (CIMIC), Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 no. 18A-12, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
authors.forename: Martha J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Vives Flores
authors.affiliation: Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (CORPOICA), Centro de Biotecnología y Bioindustria (CBB), Kilómetro 14, Vía Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia, Centro de Investigaciones Microbiológicas (CIMIC), Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 no. 18A-12, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
authors.forename: Viviana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Clavijo
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Microbiológicas (CIMIC), Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 no. 18A-12, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
authors.forename: Ángela
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Holguin
authors.affiliation: Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Programa de Investigación en Medicina Poblacional Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, P.O. Box 304-3000, Heredia, Costa Rica.
authors.forename: Juan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Romero-Zuñiga
authors.affiliation: Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (CORPOICA), Centro de Biotecnología y Bioindustria (CBB), Kilómetro 14, Vía Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Castellanos
authors.affiliation: Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA), Carrera 41 no. 17-81, Bogotá DC, Colombia.
authors.forename: McAllister
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tafur
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Woutrina A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D003105:Colombia / Q000453:epidemiology; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005838:Genotype; D008460:Meat / Q000382:microbiology*; D011200:Poultry / Q000382:microbiology*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000235:genetics*; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012484:Salmonella paratyphi B / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial