title: Different extracts of Zingiber officinale decrease Enterococcus faecalis infection in Galleria mellonella.
abstract: Dried, fresh and glycolic extracts of Zingiber officinale were obtained to evaluate the action against G. mellonella survival assay against Enterococcus faecalis infection. Eighty larvae were divided into: 1) E. faecalis suspension (control); 2) E. faecalis + fresh extract of Z. officinale (FEO); 3) E. faecalis + dried extract of Z. officinale (DEO); 4) E. faecalis + glycolic extract of Z. officinale (GEO); 5) Phosphate buffered saline (PBS). For control group, a 5 μL inoculum of standardized suspension (107 cells/mL) of E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) was injected into the last left proleg of each larva. For the treatment groups, after E. faecalis inoculation, the extracts were also injected, but into the last right proleg. The larvae were stored at 37 °C and the number of dead larvae was recorded daily for 168 h (7 days) to analyze the survival curve. The larvae were considered dead when they did not show any movement after touching. E. faecalis infection led to the death of 85% of the larvae after 168 h. Notwithstanding, in treatment groups with association of extracts, there was an increase in the survival rates of 50% (GEO), 61% (FEO) and 66% (DEO) of the larvae. In all treatment groups, the larvae exhibited a survival increase with statistically significant difference in relation to control group (p=0.0029). There were no statistically significant differences among treatment groups with different extracts (p=0.3859). It may be concluded that the tested extracts showed antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis infection by increasing the survival of Galleria mellonella larvae.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lilian Eiko
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Maekawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodnei Dennis
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Rossoni
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Júnia Oliveira
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antonio Olavo Cardoso
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Jorge
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana Campos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Junqueira
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcia Carneiro
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Valera
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects*; D020939:Zingiber officinale / Q000737:chemistry*; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D009036:Moths; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts