title: Jinmaitong alleviates the diabetic peripheral neuropathy by inducing autophagy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the deregulation of autophagy in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and investigate whether Jinmaitong ( JMT) alleviates DPN by inducing autophagy.
  
  
  METHODS
  DPN models were established by streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and Schwann cells (SCs) cultured in high glucose medium. The pathological morphology was observed by the improved Bielschowsky's nerve fiber axonal staining and the Luxol fast blue-neutral red myelin staining. The ultrastructure was observed by the transmission electron microscopy. Beclin1 level was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The proliferation of cultured SCs was detected by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diabetic peripheral nerve tissues demonstrated pathological morphology and reduced autophagic structure, accompanied with down-regulation of Beclin1. JMT apparently alleviated the pathological morphology change and increased the autophagy [in vivo, Beclin1 integral optical density (IOD) value of the control group 86.6±17.7, DM 43.9±8.8, JMT 73.3 ±17.8, P<0.01 or P<0.05, in vitro Beclin1 IOD value of the glucose group 0.47±0.25 vs the control group 0.88±0.29, P<0.05]. Consequently, inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine resulted in a time- and concentration-dependent decrease of the proliferation of SCs (P<0.05, P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Down-regulation of autophagy in SCs might contribute to the pathogenesis of DPN. JMT alleviates diabetic peripheral nerve injury at least in part by inducing autophagy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: Cell Center, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Cell Center, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China.
authors.forename: Bei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of Electron Microscope, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
authors.forename: Qun-li
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
authors.forename: Lian-qing
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China. xcliang@vip.sina.com.
authors.forename: Xiao-chun
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Liang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects; D001369:Axons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D000071186:Beclin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012583:Schwann Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D000071186:Beclin-1; C512829:Becn1 protein, rat; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; C583496:jinmaitong; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Beclin1; Chinese medicine; Jinmaitong; Schwann cells; autophagy; diabetic peripheral neuropathy
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