title: Molecular biology of bladder cancer.
abstract: Classic as well as more recent large-scale genomic analyses have uncovered multiple genes and pathways important for bladder cancer development. Genes involved in cell-cycle control, chromatin regulation, and receptor tyrosine and PI3 kinase-mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathways are commonly mutated in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Expression-based analyses have identified distinct types of bladder cancer that are similar to subsets of breast cancer, and have prognostic and therapeutic significance. These observations are leading to novel therapeutic approaches in bladder cancer, providing optimism for therapeutic progress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Martin-Doyle
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address: dk@rics.bwh.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kwiatkowski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism*
keywords: Bladder cancer; Cell cycle; Epigenetics; Molecular subtypes; Mutations; Somatic copy number alterations; Urothelial carcinoma
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