title: Reconstruction techniques and clinical results of patellar tendon ruptures: Evidence today.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The analysis of the different operative reconstructions of patellar tendon ruptures has not been reported. A critical review of the existing literature was performed to identify the different operative techniques and the post-operative outcomes in acute, chronic and post-total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patellar tendon rupture repairs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using PRISMA guidelines, a review of the English-written literature published after 1947 was performed using the MEDLINE, PubMed and Cochrane libraries in November 2013 to retrieve case series with the keywords "Patellar tendon" AND "Rupture" AND "Repair" in their title or abstract.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-one manuscripts, reporting on 503 patients were analysed. Three-hundred-and-fifty-four acute repairs described eight different operative techniques. One-hundred-and-forty-nine chronic repairs described eight different operative techniques. Sixty-eight post-TKA repairs described nine different operative techniques. Six acute, four chronic and seven post-TKA repair operative techniques reported failures. In acute repair, using a primary repair method augmented with cerclage wire, Dall-Miles cable or non-absorbable sutures reported the best clinical results, with a 2% failure rate. Alternatively, for chronic and post-TKA repair, autogeneous grafts were significantly better than primary repair (p=0.0252, 0.0038 respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute surgical repair of a patellar tendon rupture using augmented primary repair is associated with the best post-operative outcomes. In chronic and post-TKA repair, autogeneous grafts produce best post-operative outcomes. Immediate post-operative mobilisation should be considered in all repairs. Future papers reporting on patellar operative repairs should have a standardised scoring method of functional outcome to allow more comprehensive comparison and evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Leeds General Infirmary, Clarendon wing, Level A, Great George Street, LS1 3EX Leeds, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jack H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Gilmore
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Leeds General Infirmary, Clarendon wing, Level A, Great George Street, LS1 3EX Leeds, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Zoë J
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Clayton-Smith
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Leeds General Infirmary, Clarendon wing, Level A, Great George Street, LS1 3EX Leeds, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aguilar
authors.affiliation: KAT Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Spiros G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Pneumaticos
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Leeds General Infirmary, Clarendon wing, Level A, Great George Street, LS1 3EX Leeds, United Kingdom; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Unit, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds West Yorkshire, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK. Electronic address: pgiannoudi@aol.com.
authors.forename: Peter V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Giannoudis
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D017847:Patellar Ligament / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012421:Rupture; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Operative; Patellar tendon; Repair; Rupture