title: Effect of regular circus physical exercises on lymphocytes in overweight children.
abstract: Obesity associated with a sedentary lifestyle can lead to changes in the immune system balance resulting in the development of inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to compare lymphocyte activation mechanisms between overweight children practicing regular circus physical exercises with non-exercised children. The study comprised 60 pubescent children randomly divided into 4 groups: Overweight Children (OWC) (10.67 ± 0.22 years old), Overweight Exercised Children (OWE) (10.00 ± 0.41 years old), Eutrophic Children (EC) (11.00 ± 0.29 years old) and Eutrophic Exercised Children (EE) (10.60 ± 0.29 years old). OWE and EE groups practiced circus activities twice a week, for 4.3 ± 0.5 and 4.4 ± 0.5 months, respectively. Percentage of T regulatory cells (Treg) and the expression of CD95 and CD25 in CD4+ lymphocytes were evaluated by flow cytometry. Lymphocyte proliferation capacity was measured by [14C]-thymidine incorporation and mRNA expression of IL-35, TGF-beta, IL-2 and IL-10 by real-time PCR. Lymphocyte proliferation was higher in OWC and OWE groups compared with the EC (3509 ± 887; 2694 ± 560, and 1768 ± 208 cpm, respectively) and EE (2313 ± 111 cpm) groups. CD95 expression on lymphocytes was augmented in the EC (953.9 ± 101.2) and EE groups (736.7 ± 194.6) compared with the OWC (522.1 ± 125.2) and OWE groups (551.6 ± 144.5). CTLA-4 expression was also lower in the OWC and OWE groups compared with the EC and EE groups. Percentage of Treg, IL-35, and IL-10 mRNA expression were lower in the OWC and OWE groups compared with the EC and EE groups. In conclusion, overweight children present altered immune system balance characterized by elevated lymphocyte proliferation due to a decrease in T regulatory cell percentage. These effects were partially reverted by moderate physical exercise, as demonstrated by decreased lymphocyte proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cesar Miguel
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Momesso dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fábio Takeo
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Fernanda
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Cury-Boaventura
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Silvia Helena
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Guirado-Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kim Guimaraes
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Caçula
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristiane Cassoni
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Gonçalves Santos
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hatanaka
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Heloisa Helena
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vinicius Coneglian
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gilson
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristina Neves
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Borges-Silva
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sandro Massao
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hirabara
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tania Cristina
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Pithon-Curi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gorjão
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D017455:Receptors, IgE / Q000097:blood; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D016207:Cytokines; D007328:Insulin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017455:Receptors, IgE; D019014:fas Receptor
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