title: Fate, activity, and impact of ingested bacteria within the human gut microbiota.
abstract: The human gut contains a highly diverse microbial community that is essentially an open ecosystem, despite being deeply embedded within the human body. Food-associated fermentative bacteria, including probiotics, are major sources of ingested bacteria that may temporarily complement resident microbial communities, thus forming part of our transient microbiome. Here, we review data on the fate and activity of ingested bacteria and, in particular, lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and their impact on the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiome with a focus on data from clinical studies. In addition, we discuss the mechanisms involved and the potential impact on the host's health.
authors.affiliation: Danone Nutricia Research, RD 128 Avenue de la Vauve, 91767 Palaiseau, France. Electronic address: muriel.derrien@danone.com.
authors.forename: Muriel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Derrien
authors.affiliation: Danone Nutricia Research, RD 128 Avenue de la Vauve, 91767 Palaiseau, France. Electronic address: dkjohv@chr-hansen.com.
authors.forename: Johan E T
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: van Hylckama Vlieg
mesh_terms: D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000502:physiology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004032:Diet; D004435:Eating; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000502:physiology; D056265:Microbial Interactions; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D011423:Propionibacteriaceae / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile
keywords: clinical studies; gut microbiota; ingested bacteria; probiotics; transient microbiome