title: Comparison of dynamic transperineal ultrasound and defecography for the evaluation of pelvic floor disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  X-ray defecography is considered the gold standard for imaging pelvic floor pathology. However, it is limited by the capability to demonstrate only the posterior pelvic compartment, significant radiation exposure, and inconvenience. Dynamic transperineal ultrasound (DTP-US) can visualize all of three pelvic floor compartments, is free of radiation, and does not cause significant discomfort. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of consistency between defecography (DEF) and DTP-US in the diagnosis of pelvic floor deformations.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and five women (age 56 ± 11 years) suffering from constipation and fecal incontinence were clinically evaluated and further examined by DEF and DTP-US. The rate of diagnosis of pelvic floor hernias using the DTP-US was compared to that found on DEF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The specificity for the diagnosis of rectoceles was of 82% for mid-size rectocele and 98% for large rectoceles, and the sensitivity was of 59% for mid-size rectoceles and 50% for larger rectoceles. The sensitivity for the detection of intussusceptions, enteroceles, and rectal prolapse were 82, 74, and 75%, respectively. The specificity was 84% for the detection of intussusception, 92% for enteroceles, and 97% for the diagnosis of rectal prolapse. Higher rates of DTP-US diagnosis were obtained when the intussuscepted rectum moved closer toward the ultrasound probe.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sensitivity of DTP-US was good to excellent and the specificity was high. The added value of this technique in exploring all the compartments of the pelvic floor as well as the perineal muscles makes DTP-US a preferred procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel, marcobg7@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beer-Gabel
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003248:Constipation / Q000209:etiology; D019841:Defecography; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006547:Hernia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007443:Intussusception / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D059952:Pelvic Floor Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010502:Perineum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012005:Rectal Prolapse / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D020047:Rectocele / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography
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