title: Fabrication of cyclodextrins-procainamide supramolecular self-assembly: shape-shifting of nanosheet into microtubular structure.
abstract: Encapsulation behavior of α- and β-cyclodextrins (α-CD, β-CD) with procainamide hydrochloride (PCA) has been investigated by absorption, fluorescence, time-resolved fluorescence, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and powder X-ray diffraction techniques. Spectral results revealed that PCA forms 1:2 drug-CD2 inclusion complexes with CDs. Novel supramolecular self-assemblies have been fabricated by inclusion complexation of PCA with α-CD/β-CD and characterized by transmission electron microscope and micro-Raman imaging. The obtained results from transmission electron microscope indicated that PCA/α-CD complex could form nano-sized particles. However, when the macrocyclic ring with six glucose units was switched into seven glucose units, the resultant PCA/β-CD complex could be self-assembled to micro-sized tubular structures. Shape-shifting of 2D nanosheet into 1D microtube by simple rolling mechanism was analyzed. Thermodynamic parameters of inclusion process were determined by Parameter Method 3 calculations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: sivas7686@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Siva
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Section, FEAT, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kothai Nayaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rajendiran
mesh_terms: D002236:Carbohydrate Conformation; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008958:Models, Molecular; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D011342:Procainamide / Q000737:chemistry*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D012997:Solvents; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; D014867:Water; D011342:Procainamide
keywords: Cyclodextrins; Microtubular structure; Nanoparticle; Procainamide hydrochloride; Rolling mechanism; Self-assembly