title: Calcium alleviates cadmium-induced inhibition on root growth by maintaining auxin homeostasis in Arabidopsis seedlings.
abstract: Cadmium (Cd) toxicity has been widely studied in different plant species. However, the mechanism involved in its toxicity and the cell response to Cd has not been well established. In the present study, we investigated the possible mechanism of calcium (Ca) in protecting Arabidopsis from Cd toxicity. The results showed that 50 μM Cd significantly inhibited the seedling growth and decreased the chlorophyll content in Arabidopsis. Specifically, the primary root (PR) length was decreased but the lateral root (LR) number was increased under Cd stress. Furthermore, Cd enhanced the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and lipid peroxidation as indicated by malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation. Cd also altered the level and the distribution of auxin in PR tips (as evidenced by DR5::GUS and PIN:GFP reporter expression) and the expression of several putative auxin biosynthetic, catabolic, and transport pathway-related genes. Application of 3 mM Ca alleviated the inhibition of Cd on the root growth. Ca application not only led to reducing oxidative injuries but also restoring the normal auxin transport and distribution in Arabidopsis root under Cd stress. Taken together, these results suggest that Ca alleviates the root growth inhibition caused by Cd through maintaining auxin homeostasis in Arabidopsis seedlings.
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chengzhou
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yongqiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaomin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China. yrbi@lzu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yurong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bi
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D002104:Cadmium; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Alleviation; Arabidopsis; Auxin homeostasis; Cadmium toxicity; Calcium; Root growth
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