title: Two Putative Polysaccharide Deacetylases Are Required for Osmotic Stability and Cell Shape Maintenance in Bacillus anthracis.
abstract: Membrane-anchored lipoproteins have a broad range of functions and play key roles in several cellular processes in Gram-positive bacteria. BA0330 and BA0331 are the only lipoproteins among the 11 known or putative polysaccharide deacetylases of Bacillus anthracis. We found that both lipoproteins exhibit unique characteristics. BA0330 and BA0331 interact with peptidoglycan, and BA0330 is important for the adaptation of the bacterium to grow in the presence of a high concentration of salt, whereas BA0331 contributes to the maintenance of a uniform cell shape. They appear not to alter the peptidoglycan structure and do not contribute to lysozyme resistance. The high resolution x-ray structure of BA0330 revealed a C-terminal domain with the typical fold of a carbohydrate esterase 4 and an N-terminal domain unique for this family, composed of a two-layered (4 + 3) β-sandwich with structural similarity to fibronectin type 3 domains. Our data suggest that BA0330 and BA0331 have a structural role in stabilizing the cell wall of B. anthracis.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Biology, Enzyme Biotechnology Group, University of Crete, Vasilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arnaouteli
authors.affiliation: the Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Vasilissis Sofias 127, 11521 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Petros
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Giastas
authors.affiliation: the Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Genetics, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Athina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andreou
authors.affiliation: the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tzanodaskalaki
authors.affiliation: the Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Newcastle University, NE2 4AX Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, and.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aldridge
authors.affiliation: the Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Vasilissis Sofias 127, 11521 Athens, Greece, the Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Socrates J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Tzartos
authors.affiliation: the Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Newcastle University, NE2 4AX Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, and.
authors.forename: Waldemar
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vollmer
authors.affiliation: the Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Genetics, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eliopoulos
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Biology, Enzyme Biotechnology Group, University of Crete, Vasilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece, the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece, bouriotis@biology.uoc.gr.
authors.forename: Vassilis
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bouriotis
mesh_terms: D000581:Amidohydrolases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000881:Anthrax / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D001408:Bacillus anthracis / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009995:Osmosis / Q000502:physiology*; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000378:metabolism; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055049:Salt Tolerance; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D010457:Peptidoglycan; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D000581:Amidohydrolases; C022427:polysaccharide deacetylase
keywords: Bacillus anthracis; Gram-positive bacteria; cell shape; cell wall; lipoprotein; membrane protein; osmotic stability; polysaccharide deacetylases; x-ray crystallography
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