title: Interventional and device-based autonomic modulation in heart failure.
abstract: "Heart failure is an increasingly prevalent disease with high mortality and public health burden. It is associated with autonomic imbalance characterized by sympathetic hyperactivity and parasympathetic hypoactivity. Evolving novel interventional and device-based therapies have sought to restore autonomic balance by neuromodulation. Results of preclinical animal studies and early clinical trials have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of these therapies in heart failure. This article discusses specific neuromodulatory treatment modalities individually-spinal cord stimulation, vagus nerve stimulation, baroreceptor activation therapy, and renal sympathetic nerve denervation."
authors.affiliation: Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1800 North Capitol Avenue, Room E371, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1800 North Capitol Avenue, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. Electronic address: dzipes@iu.edu.
authors.forename: Douglas P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Zipes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D017704:Baroreflex; D006321:Heart / Q000294:innervation; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000294:innervation; D013562:Sympathectomy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055536:Vagus Nerve Stimulation / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Autonomic nervous system; Baroreflex activation therapy; Heart failure; Renal sympathetic nerve denervation; Spinal cord stimulation; Vagus nerve stimulation