title: [Self-care assessment in type-2 diabetes: the Italian translation and validation of the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Self-care represents a key factor for diabetes patients to maintain quality of life and to prevent serious disease complications. Self-care standardized assessment tools are needed to evaluate and to promote self-care in diabetes patients. The Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Scale (SDSCA) has been widely used in clinical and research settings and has been translated in many languages. Validity and reliability of this self-report scale were reported by several studies. However, SDSCA has not yet been translated, culturally adapted and tested in the Italian context. The aim of this methodological research was to translate and to provide a first validation study of the Italian SDSCA - 11 item Version.
  
  
  METHODS
  A process of translation, back-translation and semantic concordance evaluation has been performed in order to translate the SDSCA into Italian language in collaboration with the original authors. A cross-sectional survey has been planned to test internal consistency and test -retest reliability on a convenience sample of 80 type 2 diabetes patients. As secondary objective, SDSCA criterion validity has been explored referring to a range of clinical outcomes as glicated emoglobin and presence of complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A description of respondents' self-care abilities is provided for the whole sample and for sub-groups by gender, age, instruction and income levels. Cronbach's Alfa and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient showed acceptable values considering the multidimensionality of SDSCA. High values were obtained in 3 out of 5 sub-classes of items. As in previous studies, specific diet and physical exercise sub-classes showed limited internal consistency. Cohen's Kappa Concordance Correlation Coefficient and t-test demonstrated high test-retest reliability of SDSCA. Overall SDSCA score did not show significant correlations with selected clinical outcomes; however 3 SDSCA single items significantly correlated with glicated emoglobin, complications and the clinical judgment of the diabetes case manager nurse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further researches involving larger samples are needed to integrate data about Italian SDSCA performances, especially concerning construct and criterion validity. However, based on these preliminary results, SDSCA could find relevant applications in clinical settings to systematically evaluate, to compare over time and to improve specific self-care abilities of diabetes patients.
authors.affiliation: RN, MSN, PhD. Assegnista di Ricerca in Scienze Infermieristiche, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Monza. Correspondence: davide.ausili@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ausili
authors.affiliation: RN, MSN. Coordinatore Didattico Corso di Laurea in Infermieristica, IRCCS MultiMedica - Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Sesto San Giovanni, Milano.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bezze
authors.affiliation: RN. Infermiera Libero Professionista, Assistenza Domiciliare Integrata, Monza e Brianza e Milano.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Canizzaro
authors.affiliation: RN. Infermiera Referente Ambulatorio di Diabetologia e Malattie Metaboliche, IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milano.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bulgheroni
authors.affiliation: PhD. Senior Research Scientist, Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, Oregon.
authors.forename: Deborah J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Toolbert
authors.affiliation: MD. Direttore Unità Operativa Diabetologia e Malattie Metaboliche, Dipartimento Cardiovascolare, IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milano.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Genovese
authors.affiliation: RN, MSN. Professore Associato in Scienze Infermieristiche, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Monza.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Di Mauro
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000451:nursing* / Q000628:therapy; D003927:Diet, Diabetic; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012648:Self Care; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014177:Translations