title: Diversity of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O26:H11 Strains Examined via stx Subtypes and Insertion Sites of Stx and EspK Bacteriophages.
abstract: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a food-borne pathogen that may be responsible for severe human infections. Only a limited number of serotypes, including O26:H11, are involved in the majority of serious cases and outbreaks. The main virulence factors, Shiga toxins (Stx), are encoded by bacteriophages. Seventy-four STEC O26:H11 strains of various origins (including human, dairy, and cattle) were characterized for their stx subtypes and Stx phage chromosomal insertion sites. The majority of food and cattle strains possessed the stx(1a) subtype, while human strains carried mainly stx(1a) or stx(2a). The wrbA and yehV genes were the main Stx phage insertion sites in STEC O26:H11, followed distantly by yecE and sbcB. Interestingly, the occurrence of Stx phages inserted in the yecE gene was low in dairy strains. In most of the 29 stx-negative E. coli O26:H11 strains also studied here, these bacterial insertion sites were vacant. Multilocus sequence typing of 20 stx-positive or stx-negative E. coli O26:H11 strains showed that they were distributed into two phylogenetic groups defined by sequence type 21 (ST21) and ST29. Finally, an EspK-carrying phage was found inserted in the ssrA gene in the majority of the STEC O26:H11 strains but in only a minority of the stx-negative E. coli O26:H11 strains. The differences in the stx subtypes and Stx phage insertion sites observed in STEC O26:H11 according to their origin might reflect that strains circulating in cattle and foods are clonally distinct from those isolated from human patients.
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Est, Anses, Laboratory for Food Safety, Department of Microbiology, Maisons-Alfort, France ACTALIA Produits Laitiers, Laboratoire de Microbiologie d'Intérêt Laitier, La Roche sur Foron, France.
authors.forename: Ludivine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bonanno
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Laboratoire d'Études des Microorganismes Alimentaires Pathogènes/Laboratoire National de Référence pour les Escherichia coli y Compris les E. coli Producteurs de Shiga-Toxines, Marcy l'Etoile, France Université de Lyon, UMR 5557 Ecologie Microbienne, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, Equipe Bactéries Pathogènes et Opportunistes, Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: Estelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Loukiadis
authors.affiliation: Associated-National Reference Center for Escherichia coli, AP-HP, Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mariani-Kurkdjian
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMR1043/CNRS UMR5282/Université Toulouse III, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oswald
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Est, Anses, Laboratory for Food Safety, Department of Microbiology, Maisons-Alfort, France.
authors.forename: Lucille
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garnier
authors.affiliation: ACTALIA Produits Laitiers, Laboratoire de Microbiologie d'Intérêt Laitier, La Roche sur Foron, France.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Est, Anses, Laboratory for Food Safety, Department of Microbiology, Maisons-Alfort, France frederic.auvray@anses.fr.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Auvray
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003090:Coliphages / Q000235:genetics*; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000382:microbiology; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D010802:Phylogeny; D039002:Prophages / Q000235:genetics*; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D065288:Serogroup; D022621:Shiga Toxin / Q000235:genetics*; D054323:Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D022621:Shiga Toxin
references.citation: Res Microbiol. 2003 May;154(4):277-82
references.pmid: 12798232
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2013 Sep;79(17):5411-3
references.pmid: 23811503
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003 Dec;69(12):7242-7
references.pmid: 14660372
references.citation: Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2004 Sep;68(3):560-602, table of contents
references.pmid: 15353570
references.citation: Int J Med Microbiol. 2004 Sep;294(2-3):115-21
references.pmid: 15493821
references.citation: Lancet. 1983 Mar 19;1(8325):619-20
references.pmid: 6131302
references.citation: J Gen Microbiol. 1983 Oct;129(10):3121-37
references.pmid: 6418852
references.citation: Science. 1984 Nov 9;226(4675):694-6
references.pmid: 6387911
references.citation: J Infect Dis. 1985 May;151(5):775-82
references.pmid: 3886804
references.citation: Infect Immun. 1986 Jul;53(1):135-40
references.pmid: 3522426
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 1987 Sep;169(9):4308-12
references.pmid: 3040688
references.citation: Infect Immun. 1992 Aug;60(8):3464-7
references.pmid: 1639518
references.citation: Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1992;180:65-94
references.pmid: 1324134
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 1999 Mar;37(3):497-503
references.pmid: 9986802
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 1999 Mar;181(6):1767-78
references.pmid: 10074068
references.citation: Microbiology. 2005 Mar;151(Pt 3):941-50
references.pmid: 15758239
references.citation: Lancet. 2005 Mar 19-25;365(9464):1073-86
references.pmid: 15781103
references.citation: Vet Res. 2005 May-Jun;36(3):289-311
references.pmid: 15845227
references.citation: J Infect Dis. 2005 Oct 15;192(8):1422-9
references.pmid: 16170761
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2005 Dec;187(24):8494-8
references.pmid: 16321954
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007 May;73(10):3144-50
references.pmid: 17400784
references.citation: Genome Biol. 2007;8(7):R138
references.pmid: 17711596
references.citation: Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 2007 Jul-Aug;120(7-8):288-95
references.pmid: 17715821
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2007 Sep;189(18):6645-54
references.pmid: 17644594
references.citation: Emerg Infect Dis. 2008 Aug;14(8):1287-90
references.pmid: 18680658
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Oct 20;106(42):17939-44
references.pmid: 19815525
references.citation: Semin Thromb Hemost. 2010 Sep;36(6):586-93
references.pmid: 20865635
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 Mar;77(6):2035-41
references.pmid: 21239543
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 Apr;77(7):2275-81
references.pmid: 21317253
references.citation: Int J Food Microbiol. 2011 Nov 15;151(1):44-51
references.pmid: 21878400
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e31413
references.pmid: 22403614
references.citation: Euro Surveill. 2012;17(10). pii: 20113
references.pmid: 22433599
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2012 Jul;78(13):4724-31
references.pmid: 22544241
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 2012 Sep;50(9):2951-63
references.pmid: 22760050
references.citation: Gene. 2000 Nov 27;258(1-2):127-39
references.pmid: 11111050
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 2015 Feb;53(2):486-92
references.pmid: 25428148
references.citation: Clin Microbiol Rev. 2013 Oct;26(4):822-80
references.pmid: 24092857
references.citation: Res Microbiol. 2001 Oct;152(8):687-95
references.pmid: 11686382
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002 Dec 12;1579(2-3):196-202
references.pmid: 12427556
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Dec 24;99(26):17043-8
references.pmid: 12481030
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2003 Feb;185(3):1059-70
references.pmid: 12533482
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2003 Jun;185(12):3596-605
references.pmid: 12775697
references.citation: Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2012;2:133
references.pmid: 23162798
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e51572
references.pmid: 23240045
references.citation: Presse Med. 2013 Jan;42(1):68-75
references.pmid: 23237787
references.citation: Clin Infect Dis. 2013 May;56(10):1373-81
references.pmid: 23378282
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2013 Aug;79(16):5050-8
references.pmid: 23770913
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2003 Nov;185(21):6463-6
references.pmid: 14563882