title: Interactive multimedia consent for biobanking: a randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The potential of interactive multimedia to improve biobank informed consent has yet to be investigated. The aim of this study was to test the separate effectiveness of interactivity and multimedia at improving participant understanding and confidence in understanding of informed consent compared with a standard, face-to-face (F2F) biobank consent process.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 2 (face-to-face versus multimedia) × 2 (standard versus enhanced interactivity) experimental design was used with 200 patients randomly assigned to receive informed consent. All patients received the same information provided in the biobank's nine-page consent document.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interactivity (F(1,196) = 7.56, P = 0.007, partial η(2) = 0.037) and media (F(1,196) = 4.27, P = 0.04, partial η(2) = 0.021) independently improved participants' understanding of the biobank consent. Interactivity (F(1,196) = 6.793, P = 0.01, partial η(2) = 0.033), but not media (F(1,196) = 0.455, not significant), resulted in increased participant confidence in their understanding of the biobank's consent materials. Patients took more time to complete the multimedia condition (mean = 18.2 min) than the face-to-face condition (mean = 12.6 min).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that interactivity and multimedia each can be effective at promoting an individual's understanding and confidence in their understanding of a biobank consent, albeit with additional time investment. Researchers should not assume that multimedia is inherently interactive, but rather should separate the two constructs when studying electronic consent.
authors.affiliation: Program in Bioethics and Humanities, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.|Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Christian M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.affiliation: Law, Health Policy & Disability Center, College of Law, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: David W
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2847-2950
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.affiliation: Law, Health Policy & Disability Center, College of Law, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Helen A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Schartz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018070:Biological Specimen Banks / Q000941:ethics* / Q000592:standards; D003142:Communication; D032882:Comprehension; D032962:Consent Forms; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D008297:Male; D008491:Medical Informatics Applications; D008875:Middle Aged; D019212:Multimedia; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
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