title: Silent Synapses Speak Up: Updates of the Neural Rejuvenation Hypothesis of Drug Addiction.
abstract: A transient but prominent increase in the level of "silent synapses"--a signature of immature glutamatergic synapses that contain only NMDA receptors without stably expressed AMPA receptors--has been identified in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) following exposure to cocaine. As the NAc is a critical forebrain region implicated in forming addiction-associated behaviors, the initial discoveries have raised speculations about whether and how these drug-induced synapses mature and potentially contribute to addiction-related behaviors. Here, we summarize recent progress in recognizing the pathway-specific regulations of silent synapse maturation, and its diverse impacts on behavior. We provide an update of the guiding hypothesis--the "neural rejuvenation hypothesis"--with recently emerged evidence of silent synapses in cocaine craving and relapse.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Yanhua H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Molecular Neurobiology, European Neuroscience Institute, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Oliver M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Schlüter
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA yandong@pitt.edu.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003042:Cocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000187:drug effects*; D009714:Nucleus Accumbens / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D012060:Rejuvenation / Q000502:physiology*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D013569:Synapses / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D003042:Cocaine
keywords: NMDA receptor; accumbens; addiction; cocaine; silent synapse; synaptic plasticity
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