title: [Tale nucleases--new tool for genome editing].
abstract: The ability to introduce targeted changes in the genome of living cells or entire organisms enables researchers to meet the challenges of basic life sciences, biotechnology and medicine. Knockdown of target genes in the zygotes gives the opportunity to investigate the functions of these genes in different organisms. Replacement of single nucleotide in the DNA sequence allows to correct mutations in genes and thus to cure hereditary diseases. Adding transgene to specific genomic.loci can be used in biotechnology for generation of organisms with certain properties or cell lines for biopharmaceutical production. Such manipulations of gene sequences in their natural chromosomal context became possible after the emergence of the technology called "genome editing". This technology is based on the induction of a double-strand break in a specific genomic target DNA using endonucleases that recognize the unique sequences in the genome and on subsequent recovery of DNA integrity through the use of cellular repair mechanisms. A necessary tool for the genome editing is a custom-designed endonuclease which is able to recognize selected sequences. The emergence of a new type of programmable endonucleases, which were constructed on the basis of bacterial proteins--TAL-effectors (Transcription activators like effector), has become an important stage in the development of technology and promoted wide spread of the genome editing. This article reviews the history of the discovery of TAL effectors and creation of TALE nucleases, and describes their advantages over zinc finger endonucleases that appeared earlier. A large section is devoted to description of genetic modifications that can be performed using the genome editing.
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Glazkova
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Shipulin
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005818:Genetic Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D016678:Genome; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data
chemical_list: D004247:DNA; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I