title: A bama minipig model of laryngopharyngeal reflux and the change of laryngopharyngeal mucosal ultrastructure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish an animal model of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and study the effect of LPR on the laryngopharyngeal mucosal ultrastructure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten Bama minipigs were randomly divided into control group and stent group. Every pig underwent endoscope, and baseline pH was monitored for 4 hours at laryngopharynx and distal esophagus, then specimens from laryngopharyngeal mucosa were biopsied. For the control group, these procedures were repeated on the 14th day. In the stent group, a custom-designed esophageal stent suit was implanted into esophagus, laryngopharyngeal and distal esophageal pH monitoring lasted for 2 hours, then stent suit was removed 3 days later. At last, the same procedures were done as the control group on the 14th day. Specimens were observed under transmission electron microscope to measure the intercellular space and desmosome number.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the control group, there was no laryngopharyngeal reflux on the first day and 14th day. Before the stent was implanted, there was also no laryngopharyngeal reflux in the stent group. In both 2 hours and 14 days after stent implantation, the num-ber of reflux, reflux time, and percentage time of pH < 4.0 were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the stent group. There was no difference in intercellular space and desmosomes in the control group between baseline and 14th day. In the stent group, intercellular space of laryngopharyngeal mucosa was significantly increased (0.37 μm vs 0.96 μm, P = 0.008), and the number of desmosomes was significantly decreased (20.25 vs 9.5, P = 0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A Bama minipig model of LPR was established by implanting a custom-designed stent suit. LPR might destroy the laryngophar yngeal mucosal barrier.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Guijian
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-847X
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Puyang County People's Hospital, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Zhenyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Chunyan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Diao
authors.affiliation: Beijing chuang shi century minipig breeding base, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Electron Microscope Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shuying
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yulan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
keywords: Extracellular space; Laryngopharyngeal reflux; Models; animal
references.citation: Laryngoscope. 2000 Sep;110(9):1462-6
references.pmid: 10983943
references.citation: PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e56612
references.pmid: 23437186
references.citation: Comp Med. 2014 Feb;64(1):50-4
references.pmid: 24512961
references.citation: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2009 Nov;206(4):715-29
references.pmid: 19626314
references.citation: Chin Med J (Engl). 2008 Jul 20;121(14):1297-301
references.pmid: 18713551
references.citation: J Voice. 2013 Jul;27(4):495-9
references.pmid: 23602088
references.citation: J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2013 Jul;19(3):324-31
references.pmid: 23875099
references.citation: Auris Nasus Larynx. 2013 Aug;40(4):379-82
references.pmid: 23238174
references.citation: J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014 Feb;29(2):284-90
references.pmid: 23926926
references.citation: J Clin Pathol. 2005 Dec;58(12):1265-70
references.pmid: 16311345
references.citation: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Oct 07;(4):CD005048
references.pmid: 19821338
references.citation: Laryngoscope. 2013 Apr;123(4):985-91
references.pmid: 23208751
references.citation: Value Health. 2003 Sep-Oct;6(5):560-5
references.pmid: 14627062
references.citation: Laryngoscope. 2007 Mar;117(3):480-4
references.pmid: 17334308
references.citation: Head Neck. 2013 Dec;35(12):1814-8
references.pmid: 23794281
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2013 Oct;1300:71-9
references.pmid: 24117635
references.citation: Surg Endosc. 2007 Jun;21(6):889-96
references.pmid: 17177084
references.citation: Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2009 Jun;11(3):190-4
references.pmid: 19463218
references.citation: Laryngoscope. 2007 Aug;117(8):1424-8
references.pmid: 17762271
references.citation: Dis Esophagus. 2013 Apr;26(3):219-25
references.pmid: 22591118
references.citation: J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014 Feb;29(2):296-300
references.pmid: 23981079
references.citation: Laryngoscope. 2010 Jul;120(7):1303-8
references.pmid: 20564655
references.citation: JAMA Surg. 2013 Jan;148(1):50-8
references.pmid: 23324842
references.citation: Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Oct;32(7):916-24
references.pmid: 20735783
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005 May;1049:161-71
references.pmid: 15965115
references.citation: PLoS One. 2013 Nov 11;8(11):e78965
references.pmid: 24244396
references.citation: Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013 Sep;38(6):643-51
references.pmid: 23895770
references.citation: Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2011 Nov;38(12):2411-3
references.pmid: 22202398
references.citation: Scand J Gastroenterol. 2012 Sep;47(8-9):893-9
references.pmid: 22594305
references.citation: Exp Transl Stroke Med. 2014 Mar 23;6(1):5
references.pmid: 24655785
references.citation: Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2011 Sep 20;91(35):2472-5
references.pmid: 22321842
references.citation: Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2002 Jul;127(1):32-5
references.pmid: 12161727
references.citation: J Dig Dis. 2014 May;15(5):230-8
references.pmid: 24528678