title: Long-term visual outcome and prognostic factors of Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for retinal angiomatous proliferation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the long-term visual outcomes and investigate the prognostic factors of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy for retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight treatment-naïve RAP eyes (38 patients) that received intravitreal anti-VEGF (ranibizumab and/or bevacizumab) injections were included and analyzed in this retrospective case series. All patients were treated with an initial series of three monthly intravitreal anti-VEGF injections, followed by as-needed injections for a total of 36 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean number of anti-VEGF injections was 9.61 ± 3.1 during the 36-month follow-up. Mean baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.79 ± 0.56 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR; 20/123 Snellen equivalent), and 0.75 ± 0.41 logMAR (20/112 Snellen equivalent) at 36 months (P = 0.55). Mean BCVA significantly improved at 3 months (P = 0.001), and the significant improvement persisted until 18 months from baseline (P = 0.02). However, the mean BCVA between 18 and 36 months showed no statistical in comparison with baseline values. Geographic atrophy developed in 14 eyes (36.8 %) during the entire 36-month follow-up period. Among baseline characteristics, baseline BCVA, greatest lesion diameter (GLD), and lesion size were significantly correlated with long-term visual outcome (P = 0.008, 0.02, and 0.002 respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravitreal anti-VEGF injections for RAP showed a favorable visual outcome during the first year; however, the visual gains declined after the second year from baseline. Better baseline BCVA, smaller lesion size, and smaller baseline GLD are associated with better long-term visual outcomes in patients with RAP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Myung-Gok Eye Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, 156, 4ga, Yeoungdeungpo-dong, Yeoungdeungpo-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Han Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Myung-Gok Eye Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, 156, 4ga, Yeoungdeungpo-dong, Yeoungdeungpo-gu, Seoul, South Korea. idoc@kimeye.com.
authors.forename: Tae Gon
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Myung-Gok Eye Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, 156, 4ga, Yeoungdeungpo-dong, Yeoungdeungpo-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Youn
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Myung-Gok Eye Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, 156, 4ga, Yeoungdeungpo-dong, Yeoungdeungpo-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyoung Seok
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Myung-Gok Eye Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, 156, 4ga, Yeoungdeungpo-dong, Yeoungdeungpo-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hui
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Myung-Gok Eye Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, 156, 4ga, Yeoungdeungpo-dong, Yeoungdeungpo-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Il
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Myung-Gok Eye Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, 156, 4ga, Yeoungdeungpo-dong, Yeoungdeungpo-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lew
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Myung-Gok Eye Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, 156, 4ga, Yeoungdeungpo-dong, Yeoungdeungpo-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068258:Bevacizumab / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D057092:Geographic Atrophy / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D000069579:Ranibizumab / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015861:Retinal Neovascularization / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*; D057135:Wet Macular Degeneration / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D000069579:Ranibizumab
keywords: Age-related macular degeneration; Geographic atrophy; Retinal angiomatous proliferation; Vascular endothelial growth factor
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