title: "It's good to know": experiences of gene identification and result disclosure in familial epilepsies.
abstract: Recognition of the role of genetics in the epilepsies has increased dramatically, impacting on clinical practice across many epilepsy syndromes. There is limited research investigating the impact of gene identification on individuals and families with epilepsy. While research has focused on the impact of delivering genetic information to families at the time of diagnosis in genetic diseases more broadly, little is known about how genetic results in epileptic diseases influences people's lives many years after it has been conveyed. This study used qualitative methods to explore the experience of receiving a genetic result in people with familial epilepsy. Interviews were conducted with individuals with familial epilepsies in whom the underlying genetic mutation had been identified. Recorded interviews underwent thematic analysis. 20 individuals from three families with different epilepsy syndromes and causative genes were interviewed. Multiple generations within families were studied. The mean time from receiving the genetic result prior to interview was 10.9 years (range 5-14 years). Three major themes were identified: 1) living with epilepsy: an individual's experience of the severity of epilepsy in their family influenced their view. 2) Clinical utility of the test: participants expressed varying reactions to receiving a genetic result. While for some it provided helpful information and relief, others were not surprised by the finding given the familial context. Some valued the use of genetic information for reproductive decision-making, particularly in the setting of severely affected family members. While altruistic reasons for participating in genetic research were discussed, participants emphasised the benefit of participation to them and their families. 3) 'Talking about the family genes': individuals reported poor communication between family members about their epilepsy and its genetic implications. The results provide important insights into the family experience of genetic epilepsies and communication within families. This information can be used to inform the development of guidelines for genetic result disclosure and genetic counselling for individuals and families with epilepsies.
authors.affiliation: Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Danya F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Vears
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Samantha A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Wake
authors.affiliation: Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; The Florey Neurosciences Institutes (Austin), Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address: scheffer@unimelb.edu.au.
authors.forename: Ingrid E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Scheffer
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000066491:Clinical Decision-Making; D030881:Disclosure; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000235:genetics*; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000235:genetics*; D062547:Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel beta-1 Subunit / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D062547:Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel beta-1 Subunit; C546279:GABRG2 protein, human; C470379:SCN1B protein, human
keywords: Epilepsy; Genetic counselling; Genetic testing; Genetics; Qualitative research