title: Risk profiles for weight gain among postmenopausal women: a classification and regression tree analysis approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Risk factors for obesity and weight gain are typically evaluated individually while "adjusting for" the influence of other confounding factors, and few studies, if any, have created risk profiles by clustering risk factors. We identified subgroups of postmenopausal women homogeneous in their clustered modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for gaining ≥ 3% weight.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 612 postmenopausal women 50-79 years old, enrolled in an ancillary study of the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study between February 1995 and July 1998. Classification and regression tree and stepwise regression models were built and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 27 selected variables, the factors significantly related to ≥ 3% weight gain were weight change in the past 2 years, age at menopause, dietary fiber, fat, alcohol intake, and smoking. In women younger than 65 years, less than 4 kg weight change in the past 2 years sufficiently reduced risk of ≥ 3% weight gain. Different combinations of risk factors related to weight gain were reported for subgroups of women: women 65 years or older (essential factor: < 9.8 g/day dietary factor), African Americans (essential factor: currently smoking), and white women (essential factor: ≥ 5 kg weight change for the past 2 years).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest specific characteristics for particular subgroups of postmenopausal women that may be useful for identifying those at risk for weight gain. The study results may be useful for targeting efforts to promote strategies to reduce the risk of obesity and weight gain in subgroups of postmenopausal women and maximize the effect of weight control by decreasing obesity-relevant adverse health outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Translational Sciences Section, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
authors.forename: Su Yon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Mara Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Vitolins
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jenifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fenton
authors.affiliation: USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Alexis C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Frazier-Wood
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Hursting
authors.affiliation: Translational Sciences Section, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
authors.forename: Shine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000503:physiopathology; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009657:North Carolina; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000502:physiology*; D044469:Racial Groups; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology; D013781:Texas; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology*
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