title: Association between P16INK4a promoter methylation and HNSCC: a meta-analysis of 21 published studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The p16INK4a is an important tumor suppressor gene (TSG) and aberrant methylation of promoter is known to be a major inactivation mechanism of the tumor suppressor and tumor-related genes. Aberrant TSG methylation was considered an important epigenetic silencing mechanism in the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, some studies have reported differences in the methylation frequencies of P16INK4a promoter between cancer and the corresponding control group. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to better identify the association.
  
  
  METHODS
  PubMed, Ovid, ISI Web of Science, and EMBASE were searched to identify eligible studies to evaluate the association of p16INK4a promoter methylation and HNSCC. Odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated to evaluate the strength of association between p16INK4a promoter methylation and HNSCC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of twenty-one studies with 1155 cases and 1017 controls were included in the meta-analysis. The frequencies of p16INK4a promoter methylation in the cancer group were significantly higher than those in the control group (cancer group: median: 46.67%, range = 7.84%-95.12%; control group: median: 18.37%, range = 0-83.33%; respectively). The pooled odds ratio was 3.37 (95%CI = 2.32-4.90) in the cancer group versus the corresponding control group under the random-effects model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This meta-analysis of 21 published studies identified that aberrant methylation of p16INK4a promoter was found to be significantly associated with HNSCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Xiong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Changmei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Hongwei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: RuiWei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Xun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States of America.
authors.forename: Yangxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Meixia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
chemical_list: D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16
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