title: Inhibitory effects of low-level laser therapy on skin-flap survival in a rat model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although several studies have demonstrated the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on skin flap viability, the role of higher doses has been poorly investigated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the inhibitory effect of the LLLT (λ=670 nm) on the viability of random skin flaps in a rat model using an irradiation energy of 2.79 J at each point.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen Wistar rats were randomly assigned into two groups: sham laser irradiation (n=8); and active laser irradiation (n=8). Animals in the active laser irradiation group were irradiated with a 670 nm diode laser with an energy of 2.79 J/point, a power output 30 mW, a beam area of 0.028 cm(2), an energy density of 100 J/cm(2), an irradiance of 1.07 W/cm(2) for 93 s/point. Irradiation was performed in 12 points in the cranial skin flap portion. The total energy irradiated on the tissue was 33.48 J. The necrotic area was evaluated on postoperative day 7.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sham laser irradiation group presented a mean (± SD) necrotic area of 47.96±3.81%, whereas the active laser irradiation group presented 62.24±7.28%. There was a significant difference in skin-flap necrosis areas between groups (P=0.0002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LLLT (λ=670 nm) increased the necrotic area of random skin flaps in rats when irradiated with an energy of 2.79 J (100 J/cm(2)).
authors.affiliation: Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristiano S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Baldan
authors.affiliation: Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Igor Fb
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Masson
authors.affiliation: Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ivaldo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Esteves Júnior
authors.affiliation: Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alessandra Maria S
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Baldan
authors.affiliation: Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline F P
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raquel A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Casaroto
authors.affiliation: Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Liebano
keywords: Low-level laser therapy; Necrosis; Rats; Surgical flaps
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