title: The role of the frontopolar cortex in manipulation of integrated information in working memory.
abstract: Cognitive operations often require integration of information. Previous studies have shown that, integration of information in working memory recruits frontopolar cortex (FPC). In this fMRI study, we sought to reveal neural mechanisms of FPC underlying the integration of information during arithmetic tasks. We compared a condition requiring manipulation of two features of an item held in working memory with manipulation of one feature. The results showed that, FPC was equally recruited in both conditions, while dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) tended to be more activated when manipulating two features. We suggest that, FPC plays an integrative role and is recruited by the production of representations in accordance with task constraints, whereas DLPFC appears to be sensitive to processing demands induced by the manipulation of information.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, South Korea. Electronic address: ckim@knu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Chobok
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA; Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
authors.forename: James K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kroger
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical &Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA; The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
authors.forename: Vince D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Calhoun
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA; The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
authors.forename: Vincent P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Clark
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D055641:Mathematical Concepts; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D011340:Problem Solving; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; Frontopolar cortex; Functional MRI; Integration; Manipulation; Working memory
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