title: Innovative evaluation of dexterity in pediatrics.
abstract: METHODS
  Review paper.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Hand dexterity is multifaceted and essential to the performance of daily tasks. Timed performance and precision demands are the most common features of quantitative dexterity testing. Measurement concepts such as rate of completion, in-hand manipulation and dynamic force control of instabilities are being integrated into assessment tools for the pediatric population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review measurement concepts inherent in pediatric dexterity testing and introduce concepts that are infrequently measured or novel as exemplified with two assessment tools.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measurement concepts included in common assessment tools are introduced first. We then describe seldom measured and novel concepts embedded in two instruments; the Functional Dexterity Test (FDT) and the Strength-Dexterity (SD) Test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inclusion of novel yet informative tools and measurement concepts in our assessments could aid our understanding of atypical dexterity, and potentially contribute to the design of targeted therapy programs.
authors.affiliation: Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Physical Therapy, 901 Walnut St., Suite 510, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. Electronic address: susan.duff@jefferson.edu.
authors.forename: Susan V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Duff
authors.affiliation: Aaron & Winthrop Hand Therapy Services, Inc, 2723 Amherst, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
authors.forename: Dorit H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Aaron
authors.affiliation: Shriners Hospitals for Children, Houston, 6977 Main St, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Gloria R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Gogola
authors.affiliation: University of Southern California, Biomedical Engineering Department and Division of Biokinesiology & Physical Therapy, 3710 S. McClintock, RTH 402, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Valero-Cuevas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis
keywords: Dexterity; Functional Dexterity Test; Measurement concepts; Strength–Dexterity
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