title: Assessment of walking, running, and jumping movement features by using the inertial measurement unit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe various modes of lower limb locomotion, an inertial measurement unit (IMU) was used. Digital signals were used to identify signal characteristics that help to distinguish among locomotion modes and intensity levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  A wireless IMU was installed on the outside of shoes and three forms of locomotion (walking, running, and jumping) were assessed at two intensity levels (low and high) to observe the acceleration, foot angular velocity variations, and characteristics of the curve variations in the anteroposterior, mediolateral, and superior-inferior directions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most interactions between intensity and locomotion were statistically significant, except for the acceleration in the anteroposterior direction and on the horizontal plane. In addition, as the intensity increased, the values of all the parameters increased. Thus, both the acceleration values and range of angular velocity variation can be used to distinguish the intensity levels. Moreover, the results indicated that the angular velocity in the frontal axis, which is the sequence of the plantar/dorsiflexion movements, can also be used to identify different locomotion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Uniaxial acceleration or the range of angular velocity variation could be used to identify locomotion intensities, whereas the characteristics of the uniaxial angular velocity curve could be used to identify the locomotion modes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: sweetlee07@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yin-Shin
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Sport Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. Electronic address: kilmur23@ntsu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chin-Shan
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Department of Athletic Performance, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: yvonne.stone@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.affiliation: Department of Athletic Performance, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: raye.csy@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Su-Yu
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: rfule@mfa.gov.hu.
authors.forename: Füle János
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Róbert
authors.affiliation: Department of Athletic Performance, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: tyshiang@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tzyy-Yuang
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Shiang
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D061725:Accelerometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000328:Adult; D004867:Equipment Design; D005528:Foot / Q000502:physiology*; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Acceleration; Accelerometer; Angular velocity; Gyro; Wearable device