title: Pt(II) metal complexes tailored with a newly designed spiro-arranged tetradentate ligand; harnessing of charge-transfer phosphorescence and fabrication of sky blue and white OLEDs.
abstract: Tetradentate bis(pyridyl azolate) chelates are assembled by connecting two bidentate 3-trifluoromethyl-5-(2-pyridyl)azoles at the six position of pyridyl fragment with the tailored spiro-arranged fluorene and/or acridine functionalities. These new chelates were then utilized in synthesizing a series of Pt(II) metal complexes [Pt(Ln)], n = 1-5, from respective chelates L1-L5 and [PtCl2(DMSO)2] in 1,2-dimethoxyethane. The single-crystal X-ray structural analyses were executed on 1, 3, and 5 to reveal the generalized structures and packing arrangement in crystal lattices. Their photophysical properties were measured in both solution and solid state and are discussed in the context of computational analysis. These L1-L5 coordinated Pt(II) species exhibit intense emission, among which complex 5 shows remarkable solvatochromic phosphorescence due to the dominant intraligand charge transfer transition induced by the new bis(pyridyl azolate) chelates. Moreover, because of the higher-lying highest occupied molecular orbital of acridine, complex 5 can be considered as a novel bipolar phosphor. Successful fabrication of blue and white organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) using Pt(II) complexes 3 and 5 as the phosphorescent dopants are reported. In particular, blue OLEDs with 5 demonstrated peak efficiencies of 15.3% (36.3 cd/A, 38.0 lm/W), and CIE values of (0.190, 0.342) in a double-emitting layer structure. Furthermore, a red-emitting Os(II) complex and 5 were used to fabricate warm-white OLEDs to achieve peak external quantum efficiency, luminance efficiency, and power efficiency values as high as 12.7%, 22.5 cd/A, and 22.1 lm/W, respectively.
authors.affiliation: †Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuan-Yu
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: †Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Che-Wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: †Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: ‡Department of Photonics Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Chungli 32003, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Kuan
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: ‡Department of Photonics Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Chungli 32003, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Szu-Wei
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: ‡Department of Photonics Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Chungli 32003, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Hao
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: §Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Hung
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: §Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Gene-Hsiang
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: §Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Pi-Tai
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: ∥EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3 FJ, U.K.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: ∥EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3 FJ, U.K.
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Robertson