title: Two Novel Bioassays to Assess the Effects of Pyrethroid-Treated Netting on Knockdown-Susceptible Versus Resistant Strains of Aedes aegypti.
abstract: We describe 2 new mosquito bioassays for use with insecticide-treated netting or other textiles. The 1st is a cylinder bioassay in which a mosquito is forced to contact treated material regardless of where it lands within the bioassay construct. The 2nd is a repellency/irritancy and biting-inhibition bioassay (RIBB) in which human arms and breath are used as attractants. Mosquitoes have the choice to pass through holes cut in untreated or treated netting to move from a center release chamber into side chambers to reach arms and potentially bite. Trials were conducted with pyrethroid-susceptible (New Orleans), moderately resistant (Hunucmá), and highly resistant (Vergel) strains of Aedes aegypti. Tests with netting treated with different pyrethroids demonstrated the utility of the cylinder bioassay to quantify knockdown and mortality following exposure to treated netting, and of the RIBB to quantify spatial repellency/contact irritancy of the treated netting and biting inhibition after females land on and then pass through holes in the treated netting. Both tested brands of pyrethroid-treated mosquitocidal netting (DuraNet® and NetProtect®) were effective against New Orleans but ineffective against Vergel strains. Mortality in the cylinder bioassay was 100% for New Orleans for all tested brands of treated netting, but only 10-14% for Vergel. Rates of passage through treated netting to reach a human arm in the RIBB were 10-15% for New Orleans versus 24-37% for Vergel. The reduction in biting after passage through treated netting, compared with untreated netting in the same trial replicates, was 12-39% for New Orleans versus ≤9% for Vergel.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Denham
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Eisen
authors.forename: Meaghan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beaty
authors.forename: Barry J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Beaty
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Karla
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saavedra-Rodriguez
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D057148:Insecticide-Treated Bednets; D007306:Insecticides; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods*; D011722:Pyrethrins
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D011722:Pyrethrins
keywords: Aedes aegypti; biting inhibition; insecticide-treated netting; knockdown resistance; mortality