title: Do emergency physicians and medical students find it unethical to 'look up' their patients on facebook or Google?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of search engines and online social media (OSM) websites by healthcare providers is increasing and may even be used to search for patient information. This raises several ethical issues. The objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of OSM and web-searching for patient information and to explore attitudes towards the ethical appropriateness of these practices by physicians and trainees in the emergency department (ED).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted an online survey study of Canadian emergency physicians and trainees listed under then Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP) and senior medical students at the University of Toronto.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We received 530 responses (response rate 49.1%): 34.9% medical students, 15.5% residents, 49.6% staff physicians. Most had an active Facebook account (74%). Sixty-four participants (13.5%) had used Google to research a patient and 10 (2.1%) had searched for patients on Facebook. There were no differences in these results based on level of training, and 25% of physicians considered using Facebook to learn about a patient "very unethical." The most frequent ethical concerns were with violation of patient confidentiality, dignity, and consent. The practice was usually not disclosed to patients (14%), but often disclosed to senior colleagues (83%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study examining the prevalence of and attitudes towards online searching for obtaining patient information in the ED. This practice occurs among staff physicians and trainees despite ethical concerns. Future work should explore the utility and desirability of searching for patient information online.
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Department of Emergency Medicine, Toronto, Ontario.
authors.forename: Maxim
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ben-Yakov
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Department of Surgery, Toronto, Ontario.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kayssi
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Department of Emergency Medicine, Toronto, Ontario.
authors.forename: Jennifer D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Bernardo
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Department of Emergency Medicine, Toronto, Ontario.
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hicks
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Department of Surgery, Toronto, Ontario.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Devon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000941:ethics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000941:ethics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D061108:Social Media / Q000941:ethics*; D013337:Students, Medical; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
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