title: Two-stage electrochemical treatment of bio-digested distillery spent wash using stainless steel and aluminum electrodes.
abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of two-stage electro-coagulation (EC) process using multi-parameter optimization for treating bio-digested distillery spent wash by stainless steel (SS) and aluminum (Al) electrodes. Operating parameters have been optimized and treatment efficiency of SS and Al electrodes have been compared by central composite design of response surface analysis in terms of COD, color and total organic carbon (TOC) removal. Individual and interactive effects of four independent parameters namely initial pH (pHo: 2-10 and 4-10 for SS and Al electrodes, respectively), current density (j: 30.86-154.32 A m(-2)), inter-electrode distance (g: 0.5-2.5 cm) and electrolysis time (t: 30-150 min) on the COD, color and TOC removal efficiency were evaluated for both the electrodes. SS electrode was found to be more effective for the removal of COD, color and TOC with removal efficiencies of 70%, 93% and 72%, respectively, as compared to Al electrode, which showed respective removal efficiencies of 59%, 80% and 55%. A two-stage EC process was also conducted to study the predominance of different types of electrodes, and to increase the efficiency of EC process. Results shows that SS followed by Al electrode (with total COD, color and TOC removal efficiency of 81%, 94% and 78%, respectively) was found to be more effective than Al followed by SS electrode combination (with total COD, color and TOC removal efficiency of 78%, 89% and 76%, respectively). Present study shows that EC process can be used as an additional step to bio-methanation process so as to meet effluent discharge standards in distilleries.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Hydrology , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee , India.
authors.forename: Pinki
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Himanshu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: Vimal C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Srivastava
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000737:chemistry*; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods; D004566:Electrodes; D004572:Electrolysis / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D007194:India; D007220:Industrial Waste; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry*; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D014873:Water Pollutants; D013193:Stainless Steel; D000431:Ethanol; D000535:Aluminum
keywords: Aluminum electrode; bio-digested distillery spentwash; electro-coagulation; response surface methodology; stainless steel electrode