title: Kidney-type glutaminase (GLS1) is a biomarker for pathologic diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: The lack of sensitive and specific biomarkers hinders pathological diagnosis and prognosis for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Since glutaminolysis plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis and progression, we sought to determine if the expression of kidney-type and liver-type glutaminases (GLS1 and GLS2) were informative for pathological diagnosis and prognosis of HCC. We compared the expression of GLS1 and GLS2 in a large set of clinical samples including HCC, normal liver, and other liver diseases. We found that GLS1 was highly expressed in HCC; whereas, expression of GLS2 was mainly confined to non-tumor hepatocytes. The sensitivity and specificity of GLS1 for HCC were 96.51% and 75.21%, respectively. A metabolic switch from GLS2 to GLS1 was observed in a series of tissues representing progressive pathologic states mimicking HCC oncogenic transformation, including normal liver, fibrotic liver, dysplasia nodule, and HCC. We found that high expression of GLS1 and low expression of GLS2 in HCC correlated with survival time of HCC patients. Expression of GLS1 and GLS2 were independent indexes for survival time; however, prognosis was predominantly determined by the level of GLS1 expression. These findings indicate that GLS1 expression is a sensitive and specific biomarker for pathological diagnosis and prognosis of HCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.|Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
authors.forename: Decai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
authors.forename: Xianbiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.|Nanjing University Hightech Institute at Suzhou, Suzhou, 215123, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.|Nanjing University Hightech Institute at Suzhou, Suzhou, 215123, China.
authors.forename: Jiwu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.|Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
authors.forename: Yitao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D005972:Glutaminase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005972:Glutaminase
keywords: biomarker; hepatocellular carcinoma; kidney-type glutaminase (GLS1); liver-type glutaminase (GLS2)
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