title: Subcortical shape and volume abnormalities in an elderly HIV+ cohort.
abstract: Over 50% of HIV+ individuals show significant impairment in psychomotor functioning, processing speed, working memory and attention [1, 2]. Patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy may still have subcortical atrophy, but the profile of HIV-associated brain changes is poorly understood. With parametric surface-based shape analyses, we mapped the 3D profile of subcortical morphometry in 63 elderly HIV+ subjects (4 female; age=65.35 ± 2.21) and 31 uninfected elderly controls (2 female; age=64.68 ± 4.57) scanned with MRI as part of a San Francisco Bay Area study of elderly people with HIV. We also investigated whether morphometry was associated with nadir CD4+ (T-cell) counts, viral load and illness duration among HIV+ participants. FreeSurfer was used to segment the thalamus, caudate, putamen, pallidum, hippocampus, amygdala, accumbens, brainstem, callosum and ventricles from brain MRI scans. To study subcortical shape, we analyzed: (1) the Jacobian determinant (JD) indexed over structures' surface coordinates and (2) radial distances (RD) of structure surfaces from a medial curve. A JD less than 1 reflects regional tissue atrophy and greater than 1 reflects expansion. The volumes of several subcortical regions were found to be associated with HIV status. No regional volumes showed detectable associations with CD4 counts, viral load or illness duration. The shapes of numerous subcortical regions were significantly linked to HIV status, detectability of viral RNA and illness duration. Our results show subcortical brain differences in HIV+ subjects in both shape and volumetric domains.
authors.affiliation: Imaging Genetics Center, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin S C
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Wade
authors.affiliation: Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Valcour
authors.affiliation: Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Busovaca
authors.affiliation: Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Pardis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Esmaeili-Firidouni
authors.affiliation: Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Shantanu H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.affiliation: School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Yalin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Imaging Genetics Center, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Thompson
keywords: HIV; Shape analysis; subcortical
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