title: Histological Evaluation of Single and Double-visit Direct Pulp Capping with Different Materials on Sound Human Premolars: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and histological status of the pulp in sound human premolars after direct pulp capping (DPC) with four different DPC methods/materials.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted on eight volunteers who had to extract four first premolars due to orthodontic treatment. Subsequent to tooth isolation, standardized class I occlusal cavities were prepared and the buccal pulp horns were exposed. Then four different protocols of DPC were applied randomly: group A (control); calcium hydroxide lining paste (Dycal), group B; ProRoot MTA (standard double-visit method), group C; ProRoot MTA (single-visit method) and group D; calcium hydroxide injectable paste (Multi-Cal). The cavities were then restored and the patients were put on a six-week clinical follow-up and by the end of this period the teeth were extracted for histological evaluation. Data were analyzed with the Kruskal Wallis test and the level of significance was set at 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In terms of clinical symptoms and formation of hard tissue bridge (HTB), no significant differences were found between groups A, B and C (P>0.05); however, group D's results were significantly different as they exhibited minimal HTB formation and excessive sensitivity (P<0.05). Inflammation was significantly lower in group B (P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Application of MTA during a single-visit protocol of DPC was clinically and histologically as successful as the standard double-visit method but the routine use of Multi-Cal as pulp capping material is questionable and should be reconsidered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry and Department of Dental Materials, Azad University, Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran;
authors.forename: Sepideh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Banava
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry and Department of Dental Materials, Azad University, Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran;
authors.forename: Mahta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fazlyab
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Azad University, Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran;
authors.forename: Haleh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Heshmat
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
authors.forename: Faramarz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mojtahedzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Pouria
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Motahhary
keywords: Calcium Hydroxide; Direct Pulp Capping; MTA; Mineral Trioxide Aggregate; Pulp Exposure; Vital Pulp Therapy
references.citation: J Endod. 2014 May;40(5):606-12
references.pmid: 24767551
references.citation: Dent Traumatol. 2001 Feb;17(1):1-4
references.pmid: 11475764
references.citation: Oper Dent. 1996 Jan-Feb;21(1):4-11
references.pmid: 8957909
references.citation: Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1995 Sep;80(3):330-7
references.pmid: 7489277
references.citation: Int Endod J. 2008 Aug;41(8):643-50
references.pmid: 18554189
references.citation: J Endod. 2008 Jul;34(7 Suppl):S25-8
references.pmid: 18565368
references.citation: J Am Dent Assoc. 2006 May;137(5):610-8
references.pmid: 16739540
references.citation: J Endod. 2006 Aug;32(8):731-5
references.pmid: 16861071
references.citation: Clin Oral Investig. 2015 Mar;19(2):335-41
references.pmid: 24771228
references.citation: J Endod. 1996 Oct;22(10):551-6
references.pmid: 9198445
references.citation: Iran Endod J. 2014 Winter;9(1):15-22
references.pmid: 24396371
references.citation: J Endod. 2010 Jun;36(6):1042-7
references.pmid: 20478462
references.citation: Int Endod J. 2014 Sep;47(9):873-81
references.pmid: 24330490
references.citation: J Endod. 2008 Apr;34(4):478-80
references.pmid: 18358902
references.citation: Clin Oral Investig. 1997 Dec;1(4):154-62
references.pmid: 9555211
references.citation: Am J Dent. 2006 Apr;19(2):85-90
references.pmid: 16764130
references.citation: Calcif Tissue Int. 2000 Feb;66(2):129-38
references.pmid: 10652961
references.citation: Int Endod J. 2008 Feb;41(2):128-50
references.pmid: 17956562
references.citation: J Endod. 2014 Apr;40(4 Suppl):S70-5
references.pmid: 24698698
references.citation: J Endod. 2011 Jun;37(6):786-8
references.pmid: 21787489
references.citation: J Endod. 2010 Nov;36(11):1778-81
references.pmid: 20951286
references.citation: J Endod. 2010 Mar;36(3):400-13
references.pmid: 20171353
references.citation: Int Endod J. 2006 Jun;39(6):429-42
references.pmid: 16674738
references.citation: Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao. 2011 Dec 18;43(6):882-5
references.pmid: 22178839
references.citation: Int Endod J. 2010 Oct;43(10):940-4
references.pmid: 20646078
references.citation: Dent Mater. 2012 Jan;28(1):23-40
references.pmid: 22192249
references.citation: Int Endod J. 2009 Jul;42(7):584-92
references.pmid: 19467054
references.citation: Aust Endod J. 2006 Apr;32(1):26-30
references.pmid: 16603042
references.citation: Int Dent J. 2012 Feb;62(1):33-9
references.pmid: 22251035
references.citation: J Endod. 2003 Nov;29(11):729-34
references.pmid: 14651279
references.citation: J Endod. 2011 Jun;37(6):793-8
references.pmid: 21787491
references.citation: Int Endod J. 2009 Feb;42(2):122-8
references.pmid: 19134040
references.citation: Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1965 Sep;20:340-9
references.pmid: 14342926
references.citation: Int J Paediatr Dent. 2000 Sep;10(3):191-9
references.pmid: 11310111
references.citation: Int Endod J. 1996 Mar;29(2):125-30
references.pmid: 9206436
references.citation: Int Endod J. 2003 Feb;36(2):75-85
references.pmid: 12657150
references.citation: J Endod. 2008 May;34(5 Suppl):e103-6
references.pmid: 18457685