title: Prevalence of bovine theileriosis in North Central region of Algeria by real-time polymerase chain reaction with a note on its distribution.
abstract: To determine the presence and distribution of bovine theileriosis in the North Central region of Algeria, 358 DNA samples and 359 blood smears were analyzed from nine provinces. Theileria DNA extracted from cattle blood was amplified by fluorescence resonance energy transfer polymerase chain reaction (FRET-PCR). Blood smears were examined for Theileria piroplasms by microscopical examination (ME) of Giemsa-stained slides. While microscopical identification revealed only 42 animals being infected with Theileria piroplasms, PCR-positive amplification using Theileria genus-specific primers was obtained from 132 Theileria spp. (P < 0.0001). Among the 132 positives, 108 animals (81.8 %) were found positive of Theileria annulata, while 24 (18.2 %) were found positive for Theileria sp. (P < 0.0001). However, melting curve analysis of these latter samples revealed the presence of two different peaks, 51.5 ± 0.5 °C corresponding to Theileria sp1 and 52.5 ± 0.5 °C for Theileria sp2. Cloning and sequencing of Theileria sp1 and Theileria sp2 using the Cox primers indicated that these species are very closely related to Theileria buffeli. There is a highly significant difference in the distribution of theileriosis between different provinces (P < 0.0001). This disparity between provinces is probably due to differences in tick contact, influenced by the subhumid bioclimatic gradient and differences in agricultural land use.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Saad Dahlab University, BP 270, Ouled Yaich, 9000, Blida, Algeria.
authors.forename: Hocine
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ziam
authors.forename: Rabah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kelanamer
authors.forename: Miriem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aissi
authors.forename: Assia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ababou
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Berkvens
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Geysen
mesh_terms: D000462:Algeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002417:Cattle; D017931:DNA Primers; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000032:analysis; D003710:Demography; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D015995:Prevalence; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D016796:Theileria annulata / Q000235:genetics*; D013801:Theileriasis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D013987:Ticks / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D016054:DNA, Protozoan
references.citation: Parasit Vectors. 2012 Aug 13;5:171
references.pmid: 22889141
references.citation: Bioinformatics. 2009 May 1;25(9):1189-91
references.pmid: 19151095
references.citation: J Microbiol Methods. 2002 Nov;51(3):295-9
references.pmid: 12223289
references.citation: Parasite. 2012 Feb;19(1):91-5
references.pmid: 22314246
references.citation: Vet Pathol. 2000 Jan;37(1):11-21
references.pmid: 10643976
references.citation: Parasitology. 1991 Jun;102 Pt 3:341-6
references.pmid: 1907727
references.citation: Vet Parasitol. 2009 Jun 10;162(3-4):200-6
references.pmid: 19376655
references.citation: Parassitologia. 1990 Apr;32(1):23-31
references.pmid: 2126619
references.citation: Vet Parasitol. 2002 Apr 30;105(2):105-10
references.pmid: 11900924
references.citation: Vet Parasitol. 2010 Dec 15;174(3-4):341-7
references.pmid: 20880635
references.citation: Rev Elev Med Vet Pays Trop. 1994;47(2):147-55
references.pmid: 7863061
references.citation: Vet Parasitol. 2008 Aug 1;155(1-2):37-48
references.pmid: 18514421
references.citation: Vet Parasitol. 2009 May 26;162(1-2):147-50
references.pmid: 19297099
references.citation: Vet Parasitol. 1996 Oct 25;65(3-4):233-45
references.pmid: 8983149
references.citation: N Z Vet J. 2011 Mar;59(2):79-85
references.pmid: 21409734
references.citation: Vet Parasitol. 2001 Aug 20;99(3):249-59
references.pmid: 11502372
references.citation: Rev Elev Med Vet Pays Trop. 1981;34(2):139-43
references.pmid: 6801740
references.citation: Parasitol Res. 2004 Jan;92(1):36-42
references.pmid: 14598167
references.citation: Vet Parasitol. 2009 Jan 22;159(1):73-6
references.pmid: 19013719
references.citation: Vet Parasitol. 2001 Aug 31;99(4):273-86
references.pmid: 11511414
references.citation: Int J Parasitol. 2011 Feb;41(2):193-203
references.pmid: 20833170
references.citation: Arch Inst Pasteur Tunis. 2004;81(1-4):27-30
references.pmid: 16929762
references.citation: Parasitology. 1992 Apr;104 ( Pt 2):215-32
references.pmid: 1350672
references.citation: Parasitol Res. 2002 May;88(13 Suppl 1):S51-5
references.pmid: 12051612
references.citation: PLoS One. 2013 Oct 17;8(10):e75827
references.pmid: 24146782
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan;39(Database issue):D225-9
references.pmid: 21109532
references.citation: Parasit Vectors. 2011 Feb 21;4:22
references.pmid: 21338493
references.citation: Vet Parasitol. 2008 Feb 14;151(2-4):158-63
references.pmid: 18077095
references.citation: Arch Inst Pasteur Tunis. 2004;81(1-4):35-40
references.pmid: 16929764
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 1995 Oct;33(10):2665-9
references.pmid: 8567902
references.citation: Parasitol Res. 2008 Jul;103(2):435-42
references.pmid: 18458949
references.citation: Vet Parasitol. 2010 Dec 15;174(3-4):199-205
references.pmid: 21036481
references.citation: Acta Trop. 2012 Oct;124(1):92-7
references.pmid: 22796448
references.citation: Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2012;36(1):9-11
references.pmid: 22450914