title: Efficacy and safety of incobotulinumtoxin A for the correction of glabellar lines among patients with skin types IV to VI.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the frequent use of botulinumtoxin A (BoNTA) in non-Caucasian patients, safety and efficacy has not been well characterized in persons with darker skin.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the efficacy and safety of incobotulinumtoxin A [Xeomin® (XEO)] for the correction of glabellar lines among non-Caucasian patients with Fitzpatrick skin types IV to VI.
  
  
  METHODS
  This open-label, single-center, post-marketing study treated 29 patients with Fitzpatrick skin types IV to VI with moderate to severe glabellar frown lines. Evaluation at day 0 included standardized photographs and patient and investigator assessments. Post evaluation, XEO was administered at 5 intramuscular injection sites with equal aliquots of 4 units per 0.1 mL. Photographs and assessments were repeated at days 30 and 90.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Response to treatment was defined as a 1 or more point improvement in patient and investigator assessments. At day 30, 100% (n = 29; 95 C.I. 0.87, 1.00; P< .001) responded to treatment. At day 90, 69% (n=20; 95% C.I. 0.52, 0.83; P= .42) responded to treatment. The safety profile was similar to previously reported trials with BoNTA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The efficacy and safety of XEO among patients with skin types IV to VI is similar to that among persons with fairer skin.
authors.forename: Brooke A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Vogel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011358:Product Surveillance, Postmarketing; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects*; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A; C545476:incobotulinumtoxinA