title: Six-month changes in cytokine levels after intravitreal bevacizumab injection for diabetic macular oedema and macular oedema due to central retinal vein occlusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the impact of intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (IVB) on the microenvironment of the eyes of diabetic macular oedema (DMO) and macular oedema due to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO-MO) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study comprised 136 patients, including 51 patients in the DMO group, 70 in the CRVO-MO group and 15 in the control group, who were followed for 6 months after IVB. Angiogenic cytokines, inflammatory cytokines and growth factors concentrations in the aqueous humour were measured before and after IVB using suspension array technology. We compared the levels of cytokines among DMO patients, CRVO-MO patients and control patients. We compared the levels of cytokines among groups according to the interval between the first and second injections of bevacizumab and according to the number of injections received during the 6-month follow-up period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly higher concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), interleukin 6 (IL-6), serum amyloid A (SAA) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were found in the aqueous humour of DMO and CRVO-MO patients compared with cataract patients. One month after IVB, the intraocular concentrations of VEGF were significantly decreased in the eyes of DMO (p=0.045) and CRVO-MO (p=0.002) patients compared with baseline. No other cytokine was significantly altered by bevacizumab therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Angiogenic, inflammatory and growth factors are involved in the development of DMO and CRVO-MO. In addition to VEGF, IVB did not cause significant differences in other inflammatory cytokines and growth factors in DMO and CRVO-MO patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yanrong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D000068258:Bevacizumab / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012170:Retinal Vein Occlusion / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D016207:Cytokines; D000068258:Bevacizumab
keywords: Retina; Treatment Medical