title: Prostate Cancer: assessing the effects of androgen-deprivation therapy using quantitative diffusion-weighted and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) on MRI parameters and evaluate their associations with treatment response measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 30 men with histopathologically confirmed prostate cancer who underwent MRI before and after initiation of ADT. Thirty-four tumours were volumetrically assessed on DW-MRI (n = 32) and DCE-MRI (n = 18), along with regions of interest in benign prostatic tissue, to calculate apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and transfer constant (K(trans)) values. Changes in MRI parameters and correlations with clinical parameters (change in prostate-specific antigen [PSA], treatment duration, PSA nadir) were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prostate volume and PSA values decreased significantly with therapy (p < 0.001). ADC values increased significantly in tumours and decreased in benign prostatic tissue (p < 0.05). Relative changes in ADC and absolute post-therapeutic ADC values differed significantly between tumour and benign tissue (p < 0.001). K(trans) decreased significantly only in tumours (p < 0.001); relative K(trans) changes and post-therapeutic values were not significantly different between tumour and benign tissue. The relative change in tumour ADC correlated significantly with PSA decrease. No changes were associated with treatment duration or PSA nadir.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multi-parametric MRI shows significant measurable changes in tumour and benign prostate caused by ADT and may help in monitoring treatment response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • Androgen-deprivation therapy caused changes of ADC, K (trans) in tumour and benign prostate. • Prostate volume and PSA values decreased significantly with therapy. • ADC values may be helpful for monitoring treatment response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA, Andreas.Hoetker@uni-mainz.de.
authors.forename: Andreas M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hötker
authors.forename: Yousef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mazaheri
authors.forename: Junting
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Chaya S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Moskowitz
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berkowitz
authors.forename: Joshua E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lantos
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Zelefsky
authors.forename: Hedvig
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hricak
authors.forename: Oguz
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Akin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D059002:Androgen Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003287:Contrast Media; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D059002:Androgen Receptor Antagonists; D003287:Contrast Media; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
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