title: Prevalence trends in lifestyle-related risk factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The regional prevalence of risk factors can vary over time. The Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) addresses prevalence trends for common risk factors in a region in northeast Germany.
  
  
  METHODS
  A longitudinal study was carried out from 1997 to 2001 (SHIP-0, with 4308 subjects), and a second, independent random sample of the population in the same region was studied from 2008 to 2012 (SHIP-Trend, with 4420 subjects). All data were standardized with post-stratification weighting derived from the adult population of the state of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SHIP reveals a marked decline of mean alcohol consumption in the adult population, from 5.57 g/day (95% confidence interval, 5.51-5.63) to 3.12 g/day (95% CI 3.09-3.15). The percentage of active smokers among men declined from 38.6% (95% CI 36.0-41.2) to 34.3% (95% CI 32.1-36.6). Simultaneously, however, there was a rightward shift of the BMI distribution, with a marked increase in the prevalence of obesity, from 24.7% to 32.0%. There was a corresponding increase in the prevalence of diabetes, from 9.1% to 13.8%. Compared to eleven years ago, the amount of exercise taken during free time has risen among the elderly, but fallen among young women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tobacco and alcohol consumption have declined over the past decade, although this study may have overestimated these trends through a combination of selection bias and reporting bias. Meanwhile, the northeast German population now has a worse metabolic risk profile, as indicated by the increased prevalence of obesity and diabetes. Society as a whole must take measures to combat this trend.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Community Medicine, University of Greifswald, German Center for Cardiovascular Disease (DZHK), Greifswald, Center for Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, University of Greifswald, Institute of Social Medicine and Prevention, University of Greifswald.
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Völzke
authors.forename: Till
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ittermann
authors.forename: Carsten Oliver
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Sebastian E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Baumeister
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schipf
authors.forename: Dietrich
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alte
authors.forename: Reiner
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Biffar
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: John
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000639:trends; D015897:Comorbidity; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D015438:Health Behavior; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D064797:Physical Conditioning, Human / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000639:trends; D055815:Young Adult
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