title: Endovascular therapy for fibromuscular dysplasia of the bilateral external iliac arteries visualized with optical coherence tomography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a non-inflammatory, non-atherosclerotic, degenerative vascular disease that most frequently affects renal and carotid arteries in women aged 30-50 years, and rarely complicating arteries of the lower limbs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 60-year-old woman was admitted with intermittent claudication of both legs. We performed pelvic and bilateral lower-extremities angiography, which revealed that the bilateral external iliac arteries (EIAs) had the 'string of beads' appearance with a diagnosis of FMD. Endovascular therapy (EVT) was performed for the bilateral EIAs. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) images showed thickening and thinning of the middle layer, while three-dimensional OCT images showed a 'haustra coli'-like appearance. After successful balloon angioplasty, claudication completely disappeared.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report a rare case of EVT successfully performed for FMD of the bilateral EIAs. Our findings suggest that OCT may provide unique diagnostic clues in FMD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Okitama Public General Hospital, Kawanishi, Yamagata, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Niizeki
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Okitama Public General Hospital, Kawanishi, Yamagata, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsunori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishino
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Okitama Public General Hospital, Kawanishi, Yamagata, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitahara
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Okitama Public General Hospital, Kawanishi, Yamagata, Japan.
authors.forename: So
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Okitama Public General Hospital, Kawanishi, Yamagata, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiichiro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ikeno
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kubota
mesh_terms: D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon; D005260:Female; D005352:Fibromuscular Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007083:Iliac Artery; D008875:Middle Aged; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence
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