title: The evolution of the electronic health record.
abstract: Medical record documentation of patient data has evolved during the past several years. Early patient medical records included brief, written case history reports maintained for teaching purposes. One such document obtained is a text from Egypt of 48 case reports that includes injuries, fractures, wounds, dislocations, and tumors that date back to 1600 BC. This document was written on papyrus text and acquired by Edwin Smith, an Egyptologist, in 1862 (Atta, 1999; Gillum, 2013). Case reports served as the patient record for many years, used only intermittently by physicians. By the 1880s, concerns regarding medical records as legal documents for insurance and malpractice cases encouraged administrators of hospitals to supervise record content (Gillum, 2013). By 1898, the patient record came to the bedside, moving from retrospective documentation to cases reported in actual time. Medical records resembled more of the present-day record with family history, patient habits, previous illnesses, present illness, physical examination, admission urine, blood analysis, progress notes, discharge diagnosis, and instructions (Gillum, 2013).  .
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Doyle-Lindrud
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D016494:Computer Security; D057286:Electronic Health Records / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans
keywords: electronic health record; medical records; patients