title: Groin exploration for the nonpalpable testes: a single center experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Management of non-palpable testes in Nigeria can be difficult due to late presentation and poor resources. Surgical exploration is often required for diagnosis and treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study reviews the management outcome of clinically non-palpable testeis in a tertiary center in Nigeria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten years retrospective review of all clinically non-palpable testes in children aged 2-15years managed at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex Ile-Ife Nigeria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty two children with 44 testicular units were managed. The right side was involved in 12 (37.5%); left in 8 (25.0%) and bilateral in 12 (37.5%) patients. Pre-operative ultrasound was done in 12 patients with localization in just 4 patients (33.3% success rate). At groin exploration, 34 (77.32%) testicular units were located in the inguinal canal. Eight patients with 10 The remaining 10 (22.7%) testicular units required additional mini-laparotomy for which six (13.6%) and 4 (9.1%) testicular units respectively were either in the retroperitoneum or not found. Of the testes in the groin, twenty two (64.7%) testicular units were normal while 12 (35.3%) were atrophic. Four of the retroperitoneal testes were normal while 2 were atrophic. Eight (22.5%) testicular units among the inguinal group had multi-staged orchidopexy; while 2 each of the retroperitoneal group had orchidectomy, one stage orchidopexy, two staged Fowler Stephens (F-S) procedure or lost to follow up after first stage of F-S procedure. Mean follow up period was 2 months. 2 testicular units each had retracted or vanished respectively during follow up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Groin exploration still offers a viable approach Surgical exploration is still useful in to the management of non-palpable testes in low resource environment despite the lack of laparoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sugery, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Oludayo A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Sowande
authors.affiliation: Department of Sugery, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Ademola O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Talabi
authors.affiliation: Department of Sugery, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Amarachukwu C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Etonyeaku
authors.affiliation: Department of Sugery, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Olusanya
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Adejuyigbe
keywords: Exploration; groin; nonpalpable; testis; undescended
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