title: A prospective study of erythrocyte polyunsaturated fatty acid, weight gain, and risk of becoming overweight or obese in middle-aged and older women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  ω3 and ω6 fatty acids (FA) may have divergent effects on the development of obesity. We examined the association of baseline erythrocyte ω3 and ω6 FA composition with body weight change and the risk of becoming overweight or obese in the Women's Health Study (WHS) participants.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified 534 women who had baseline erythrocyte FA measured and a baseline body mass index (BMI) of 18.5-<25 kg/m(2). Body weight was updated at a total of six time points during follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Weight gain during a mean of 10.4-year follow-up increased with increasing quartiles of baseline erythrocyte cis ω6 FA, ω6/ω3 ratio, and trans FA while decreased with increasing cis ω3 FA. After multivariable adjustment including total energy intake and physical activity, the weight gain (kg) in the highest versus the lowest quartile was 3.08 versus 2.32 for erythrocyte cis ω6 FA (p trend 0.04), 2.07 versus 2.92 for cis ω3 FA (p trend 0.08), 2.93 versus 2.05 for ω6/ω3 ratio (p trend 0.046), and 3.03 versus 2.27 for trans FA (p trend 0.06). Among individual FA, the associations were significant for 18:2ω6, 18:3ω6, and trans 18:1 and marginally significant for 20:3ω6 and trans 18:2. The risk of becoming overweight or obese (defined as BMI ≥25 kg/m(2) at any follow-up time point) increased across increasing ω6/ω3 ratio (multivariable model p trend 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this prospective study, we found suggestive evidence that erythrocyte cis ω6 FA may be positively associated, and cis ω3 FA inversely associated with weight gain in initially normal-weight women.
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Avenue East, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. lwang@research.bwh.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Avenue East, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.|Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: JoAnn E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Manson
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rautiainen
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Avenue East, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.|Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.|Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: J Michael
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gaziano
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Avenue East, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.|Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Julie E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Buring
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Michael Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Avenue East, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.|Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Howard D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Sesso
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D002149:Energy Intake; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000737:chemistry*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000737:chemistry*; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood*; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids
keywords: Fatty acids; Obesity; Prospective study; Weight gain; Women
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