title: 24-Hour pad tests in Thai continent women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Twenty-four hours pad test is a simple tool to establish the differential diagnosis between high amount of vaginal secretion and urinary incontinence, evaluate the severity, and assess the result after treatment in women with urinary incontinence problem. The normal value of 24-hour pad test has been studied in non-Thai population. However; this may be different based on race. Therefore, this value in Thai population is important.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Identify the normal value of 24-hour pad test in Thai continent women by accurately comparing pad's weight before and after use. The secondary objective was to identify the factor associating the amount of vulvo-vaginal secretion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Continent women were screened to exclude urinary incontinence by urogenital distress inventory (UDI-6) questionnaire. Participants were requested to use pad test for 24 hours. During study period, participants were advised to do their routine as usual but avoid exercise and sexual intercourse. Participants were able to change the pads as needed and asked to put the used pad in airtight plastic bag, kept them in a sealed envelope, and sent them to the researcher at their earliest convenience. Once received, the pads were kept in airtight plastic bag and were weighed. Weights were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred twenty continent women were eligible to participate in the present study to determine the normal value of 24-hour pad test as our reference value. The median of 24-hour pad test was found to be 1.8 g of which the 95 percentiles was 4.7 g. The high amount of vaginal secretion were affected by premenopausal status, hormonal contraceptive used, and duration after menopause less than 5 years, which these factors were associated with estrogen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors developed a normal value of the 24-hour pad test that could be used as reference or initial information for further evaluation and diagnosis of urinary incontinence in Thai women.
authors.forename: Kewalin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobwitaya
authors.forename: Suvit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bunyavejchevin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D044466:Asian People; D001826:Body Fluids; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016496:Incontinence Pads; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D013785:Thailand; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000628:therapy; D014621:Vagina / Q000378:metabolism