title: Chronomodulated drug delivery system of urapidil for the treatment of hypertension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypertension is a disease which shows circadian rhythm in the pattern of two peaks, one in the evening at about 7pm and other in the early morning between 4 am to 8 am. Conventional therapies are incapable to target those time points when actually the symptoms get worsened. To achieve drug release at two time points, chronomodulated delivery system may offer greater benefits.
  
  
  METHODS
  The chronomodulated system comprised of dual approach; immediate release granules (IRG) and pulsatile release mini-tablets (PRM) filled in the hard gelatin capsule. The mini-tablets were coated using Eudragit S-100 which provided the lag time. To achieve the desired release, various parameters like coating duration and coat thickness were studied. The immediate release granules were evaluated for micromeritical properties and drug release, while mini-tablets were evaluated for various parameters such as hardness, thickness, friability, weight variation, drug content, and disintegration time and in-vitro drug release. Compatibility of drug-excipient was checked by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Differential scanning calorimetry studies and pellets morphology was done by Scanning electron microscopy studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The in-vitro release profile suggested that immediate release granules gives drug release within 20 min at the time of evening attack while the programmed pulsatile release was achieved from coated mini-tablets after a lag time of 9hrs, which was consistent with the demand of drug during early morning hour attack. Pellets found to be spherical in shape with smooth surface. Moreover compatibility studies illustrated no deleterious reaction between drug and polymers used in the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The dual approach of developed chronomodulated formulation found to be satisfactory in the treatment of hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, K. B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Sona S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, K. B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Hetal K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, K. B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Punit B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Parejiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, K. B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Pragna K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Shelat
keywords: Chronomodulated drug delivery system; immediate release granules; pulsatile release mini-tablets
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