title: Postnatal depression among rural women in South India: do socio-demographic, obstetric and pregnancy outcome have a role to play?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postnatal depression (PND) is one of the most common psychopathology and is considered as a serious public health issue because of its devastating effects on mother, family, and infant or the child.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To elicit socio-demographic, obstetric and pregnancy outcome predictors of Postnatal Depression (PND) among rural postnatal women in Karnataka state, India.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital based analytical cross sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A rural tertiary care hospital of Mandya District, Karnataka state, India.
  
  
  METHODS
  PND prevalence based estimated sample of 102 women who came for postnatal follow up from 4th to 10th week of lactation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study participants were interviewed using validated kannada version of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Cut-off score of ≥ 13 was used as high risk of PND. The percentage of women at risk of PND was estimated, and differences according to socio-demographic, obstetric and pregnancy outcome were described. Logistic regression was applied to identify the independent predictors of PND risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prevalence, Odds ratio (OR) and adjusted (adj) OR of PND.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of PND was 31.4% (95% CI 22.7-41.4%). PND showed significant (P < 0.05) association with joint family, working women, non-farmer husbands, poverty, female baby and pregnancy complications or known medical illness. In binomial logistic regression poverty (adjOR: 11.95, 95% CI:1.36-105), birth of female baby (adjOR: 3.6, 95% CI:1.26-10.23) and pregnancy complications or known medical illness (adjOR: 17.4, 95% CI:2.5-121.2) remained as independent predictors of PND.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Risk of PND among rural postnatal women was high (31.4%). Birth of female baby, poverty and complications in pregnancy or known medical illness could predict the high risk of PND. PND screening should be an integral part of postnatal care. Capacity building of grass root level workers and feasibility trials for screening PND by them are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya University, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Siddharudha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shivalli
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya University, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Nandihal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gururaj
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
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