title: A 90 day safety assessment of genetically modified rice expressing Cry1Ab/1Ac protein using an aquatic animal model.
abstract: In fields of transgenic Bt rice, frogs are exposed to Bt proteins through consumption of both target and nontarget insects. In the present study, we assessed the risk posed by transgenic rice expressing a Cry1Ab/1Ac fusion protein (Huahui 1, HH1) on the development of Xenopus laevis. For 90 days, froglets were fed a diet with 30% HH1 rice, 30% parental rice (Minghui 63, MH63), or no rice as a control. Body weight and length were measured every 15 days. After sacrificing the froglets, we performed a range of biological, clinical, and pathological assessments. No significant differences were found in body weight (on day 90: 27.7 ± 2.17, 27.4 ± 2.40, and 27.9 ± 1.67 g for HH1, MH63, and control, respectively), body length (on day 90: 60.2 ± 1.55, 59.3 ± 2.33, and 59.7 ± 1.64 mm for HH1, MH63, and control, respectively), animal behavior, organ weight, liver and kidney function, or the microstructure of some tissues between the froglets fed on the HH1-containing diet and those fed on the MH63-containing or control diets. This indicates that frog development was not adversely affected by dietary intake of Cry1Ab/1Ac protein.
authors.affiliation: †College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, People's Republic of China.|‡State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hao-Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: ‡State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: ‡State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yun-He
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: †College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, People's Republic of China.|‡State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jia-Mei
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: †College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jia-Tong
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: ‡State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiu-Ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: ‡State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yu-Fa
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001681:Biological Assay; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D059022:Food Safety; D030841:Food, Genetically Modified; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D023421:Models, Animal; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004731:Endotoxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; C030956:insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis
keywords: Bt protein; frog; nontarget effect; safety assessment; transgenic rice