title: The effect of abdominal visceral fat, circulating inflammatory cytokines, and leptin levels on reflux esophagitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although adipocytes secrete inflammatory cytokines and adipokines, their role in reflux esophagitis is controversial. We investigated the association between visceral fat and inflammatory cytokines or adipokines in reflux esophagitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Abdominal visceral fat and cytokines were measured in 66 individuals with reflux esophagitis and 66 age- and sex-matched controls. The mean values for visceral fat and cytokines were compared in cases and controls. Second, correlations between visceral fat and inflammatory cytokines were measured. Finally, multiple logistic regression models for odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the effects of visceral fat and cytokines on reflux esophagitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Visceral fat, leptin, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β were higher in reflux esophagitis compared to controls. Visceral fat showed a strong positive correlation with IL-6 (r = 0.523, P < 0.001), IL-8 (r = 0.395, P < 0.001), and IL-1β (r = 0.557, P < 0.001), and a negative correlation with adiponectin (r = -0.466, P < 0.001). With adjusted analysis, visceral fat/100 (OR, 4.32; 95% CI, 2.18-8.58; P < 0.001) and leptin (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.10-1.69; P = 0.005) independently increased the risk of reflux esophagitis, but the effects of other cytokines were abolished.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Visceral fat may increase the risk of reflux esophagitis by increasing the levels of inflammatory cytokines. Leptin showed a positive association with reflux esophagitis that was independent of visceral fat.
authors.affiliation: Center for Cancer Prevention and Detection, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.|Center for Gastric Cancer, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Su Youn
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Center for Gastric Cancer, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
authors.forename: Il Ju
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8339-9824
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Center for Cancer Prevention and Detection, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
authors.forename: Kum Hei
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Center for Cancer Prevention and Detection, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
authors.forename: Bum Joon
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Center for Gastric Cancer, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Woo
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Beom
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Seon
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Adipokines; Cytokines; Esophagitis
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