title: Herpesviruses: interfering innate immunity by targeting viral sensing and interferon pathways.
abstract: Type I-interferon (IFN-I) induction pathway is one of the most commonly stimulated signaling pathways in response to viral infection. During viral infection this pathway is stimulated by various pattern-recognition receptors, which recognize different pathogen-associated molecular patterns. The pathways stimulated by different pattern-recognition receptors merge into common transcription factors IRF3 and IRF7, lead to the production of IFN-I. The secreted IFN-I stimulates JAK-STAT pathway leading to induction of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). The ISGs along with IFN-I create antiviral state to eliminate the virus from host. HHV infection enhances IFN-I-mediated innate antiviral response during both de novo infection and lytic reactivation from latency. However, HHV developed various molecular strategies to evade the sudden upsurge of the IFN-I and IFN-I-mediated antiviral response to establish a successful infection. Here, we focus on IFN-I induction and signaling pathways induced by three representative HHVs from each sub-family of HHV and strategies acquired by these HHVs to subvert the induction of IFN-I and ISGs to evade the host innate immunity. These fundamental understanding provides the clue for viral targets for pharmacological manipulation to develop potential therapeutics for broad subtypes of HHVs.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, India.
authors.forename: Puja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumari
authors.forename: Sathish
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Narayanan
authors.forename: Himanshu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D006564:Herpesviridae / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D050835:Interferon Regulatory Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007372:Interferons / Q000378:metabolism; D053612:Janus Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism; D050791:STAT Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D050835:Interferon Regulatory Factors; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D050791:STAT Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D007372:Interferons; D053612:Janus Kinases