title: Hydroxyapatite-based materials of marine origin: a bioactivity and sintering study.
abstract: Single phase hydroxyapatite (HAp) and biphasic material hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate (HAp/β-TCP) were obtained from a marine source (Atlantic cod fish bones). Here we report a study on the biological properties of these materials, including cytotoxicity, bioactivity and haemocompatibility. Results showed that the materials are not cytotoxic, neither in their powder nor in pellet form; indeed growth of Saos-2 cells was comparable to that of commercial. The haemolysis rate was lower than 2%; hence the materials can be classified as non-haemolytic. Moreover, when immersed in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF), crystal formation was observed on the surface of both materials. The sintering behaviour of the samples was also studied; both powders showed very high sinterability (density higher than 95% of the theoretical value). Overall, these results confirm the suitability of these materials for biomedical applications.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Piccirillo
authors.affiliation: Departemento Engenharia de Materiais e Cerâmica/CICECO, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Pullar
authors.affiliation: UCIBIO, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: UCIBIO, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santos-Silva
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: M M E
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Pintado
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: plcastro@porto.ucp.pt.
authors.forename: P M L
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Castro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001688:Biological Products / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000633:toxicity; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D048388:Gadiformes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006244:Hardness; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D008422:Materials Testing
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D006882:Hydroxyapatites
keywords: Bioactivity; Haemolysis; Hydroxyapatite; Sintering