title: Astrogliopathology in neurological, neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders.
abstract: Astroglial cells represent a main element in the maintenance of homeostasis and providing defense to the brain. Consequently, their dysfunction underlies many, if not all, neurological, neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. General astrogliopathy is evident in diametrically opposing morpho-functional changes in astrocytes, i.e. their hypertrophy along with reactivity or atrophy with asthenia. Neurological disorders with astroglial participation can be genetic, of which Alexander disease is a primary sporadic astrogliopathy, environmentally caused, such as heavy metal encephalopathies, or neurodevelopmental in origin. Astroglia contribute to neurodegenerative processes seen in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's and Huntington's diseases. Furthermore, astroglia also play a role in major neuropsychiatric disorders, ranging from schizophrenia to depression, as well as in addictive disorders.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain; Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain. Electronic address: Alexej.Verkhratsky@manchester.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Alexei
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verkhratsky
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Civitan International Research Center and Center for Glial Biology in Medicine, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Atomic Force Microscopy & Nanotechnology Laboratories, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1719 6th Avenue South, CIRC 429, Birmingham, AL 35294-0021, USA; Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia. Electronic address: vlad@uab.edu.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Parpura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D065886:Neurodevelopmental Disorders / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Astrocyte; Hepatic encephalopathy; Neurodegeneration; Neuroglia; Neurological diseases; Psychiatric diseases; Reactive astrogliosis
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