title: The association between glucose levels and hospital outcomes in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Corticosteroids used for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations can cause hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients, and hyperglycemia may be associated with increased mortality, length of stay (LOS), and re-admissions in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We did three retrospective studies using charts from July 2008 through June 2009, January 2006 through December 2010, and October 2010 through March 2011. We collected demographic and clinical information, laboratory results, radiographic results, and information on LOS, mortality, and re-admission.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glucose levels did not predict outcomes in any of the studied cohorts, after adjustment for covariates in multivariable analysis. The first database included 30 patients admitted to non-intensive care unit (ICU) hospital beds. Six of 20 non-diabetic patients had peak glucoses above 200 mg/dl. Nine of the ten diabetic patients had peak glucoses above 200 mg/dl. The maximum daily corticosteroid dose had no apparent effect on the glucose levels. The second database included 217 patients admitted to ICUs. The initial blood glucose was higher in patients who died than those who survived using bivariate analysis (P = 0.015; odds ratio, OR, 1.01) but not in multivariable analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis also demonstrated that glucose levels did not affect LOS. The third database analyzing COPD re-admission rates included 81 patients; the peak glucose levels were not associated with re-admission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data demonstrate that COPD patients treated with corticosteroids developed significant hyperglycemia, but the increase in blood glucose levels did not correlate with the maximum dose of corticosteroids. Blood glucose levels were not associated with mortality, LOS, or re-admission rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Ebtesam A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Chok
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Limsuwat
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Teerapat
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nantsupawat
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Gilbert G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Berdine
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Nugent
keywords: Acute exacerbation; COPD; adverse effects; complications; corticosteroids; hyperglycemia; outcomes
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