title: Estrogen receptor alpha polymorphisms, estradiol level, and occurrence of atherosclerosis risk factors in healthy postmenopausal women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of the study was to analyze the relationship between interaction of polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor alpha gene (Erα) and estradiol (E2), and the occurrence of selected atherosclerosis risk factors in postmenopausal women without the diagnosis of a cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study covered 210 women, a minimum of 2 years after menopause, with FSH >30 mlU/ml, aged 50-60 years, with no chronic diseases diagnosed. In the women examined, the levels of estradiol, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides were determined, as well as height, waist circumference (W), hip circumference (R), and arterial hypertension. The BMI and W/H ratio were calculated. Genotyping of the ER-α polymorphism was performed using a polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzymes (PCR-RFLP). The alleles of the XbaI polymorphism were defined as A and G: heterozygote AG, wild type GG and homozygote AA. The alleles of PvuII polymorphism were defined as T and C: heterozygote TC, homozygote TT, and wild type CC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentration of endogenous estradiol and ERα XbaI and PuvII polymorphisms as independent parameters did not significantly affect the BMI, waist circumference, W/H ratio, levels of CHOL, HDL, LDL, TG, or LDL/HDL, nor the systole and diastole in the postmenopausal women in the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presented study suggests that ERα XbaI AA polymorphism may intensify the beneficial effect of estradiol on the distribution of fatty tissue after menopause; ERα XbaI GG and PuvII TC genotypes may intensify the beneficial effect of estradiol on HDL level; ERα PuvII TT genotype unfavorably modifies the relation between concentration of estradiol and systolic pressure after menopause.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Problems of Aging, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bojar
authors.affiliation: Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gujski
authors.affiliation: Institute of Statistics and Demography, Warsaw School of Economics, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Raczkiewicz
authors.affiliation: Department for Health Problems of Ageing, St. John Independent Public Regional Hospital, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Łyszcz
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, Zielona Góra, Poland.
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Owoc
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Dermatology, Central Clinical Hospital, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Walecka
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood*; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006579:Heterozygote; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: C506487:ESR1 protein, human; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D008055:Lipids; D004958:Estradiol
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