title: Auxin as an inducer of asymmetrical division generating the subsidiary cells in stomatal complexes of Zea mays.
abstract: The data presented in this work revealed that in Zea mays the exogenously added auxins indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 1-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA), promoted the establishment of subsidiary cell mother cell (SMC) polarity and the subsequent subsidiary cell formation, while treatment with auxin transport inhibitors 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) and 1-napthoxyacetic acid (NOA) specifically blocked SMC polarization and asymmetrical division. Furthermore, in young guard cell mother cells (GMCs) the PIN1 auxin efflux carriers were mainly localized in the transverse GMC faces, while in the advanced GMCs they appeared both in the transverse and the lateral ones adjacent to SMCs. Considering that phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase (PI3K) is an active component of auxin signal transduction and that phospholipid signaling contributes in the establishment of polarity, treatments with the specific inhibitor of the PI3K LY294002 were carried out. The presence of LY294002 suppressed polarization of SMCs and prevented their asymmetrical division, whereas combined treatment with exogenously added NAA and LY294002 restricted the promotional auxin influence on subsidiary cell formation. These findings support the view that auxin is involved in Z. mays subsidiary cell formation, probably functioning as inducer of the asymmetrical SMC division. Collectively, the results obtained from treatments with auxin transport inhibitors and the appearance of PIN1 proteins in the lateral GMC faces indicate a local transfer of auxin from GMCs to SMCs. Moreover, auxin signal transduction seems to be mediated by the catalytic function of PI3K.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Botany; Faculty of Biology; University of Athens ; Athens , Greece.
authors.forename: Pantelis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Livanos
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giannoutsou
authors.forename: Panagiotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Apostolakos
authors.forename: Basil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Galatis
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport; D002455:Cell Division; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000187:drug effects; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D059828:Plant Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D054046:Plant Stomata; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D003313:Zea mays / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002867:Chromones; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D009025:Morpholines; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; C030737:indoleacetic acid; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; C052968:2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid
keywords: AF, actin filament; DIC, differential interference contrast; GMC, guard cell mother cell; IAA, indole-3-acetic acid; MT, microtubule; NAA, 1-napthaleneacetic acid; NOA, 1-napthoxyacetic acid; PDK, 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase; PI3K, phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase; PIN1; PLC, phospholipase C; PLD, phospholipase D; ROP GTPases, Rho-like GTPases of plants; SMC, subsidiary cell mother cell; TIBA, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid; auxin carriers; auxin signaling; morphogenesis; phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase; polarity; stomatal complexes
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