title: 4,4'-DMAR: chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of a new synthetic stimulant of abuse.
abstract: In recent years, the spread of new psychoactive substances has dramatically increased in term of availability of both number of compounds and chemical families. In November 2012, 4,4'-Dimethylaminorex (4,4'-DMAR), a novel synthetic stimulant, was first detected in the Netherlands. Between June 2013 and June 2014, thirty-one deaths associated with the consumption of this new drug have been registered across Europe. In this MiniReview, we have summarized the chemical, pharmacological and toxicological information about this new legal high.
authors.affiliation: Department of Addiction, ASL CN2, Alba, Italy.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coppola
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Health, ASL CN1, Saluzzo, Italy.
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mondola
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002423:Cause of Death; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D010080:Oxazoles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs; D010080:Oxazoles; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; C000598109:para-methyl-4-methylaminorex