title: Pre-germinated brown rice prevents high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia through elevated insulin secretion and glucose metabolism pathway in C57BL/6J strain mice.
abstract: This study investigated the effect and mechanism of pre-germinated brown rice (PGBR) prevented hyperglycemia in C57BL/6J mice fed high-fat-diet (HFD). Normal six-week-old mice were randomly divided into three groups. Group 1 was fed standard-regular-diet (SRD) and group 2 was fed HFD for 16 weeks. In group 3, the mice were fed a HFD with its carbohydrate replaced with PGBR for 16 weeks. Comparing the SRD and HFD groups, we found the HFD group had higher blood pressure, higher concentrations of blood glucose and HbA1c. The HFD group had less protein expression of insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) and glucokinase (GCK) and greater expression of glucogen synthase kinase (GSK) in skeletal muscle. The HFD group also had less expression of IR, serine/threonine kinase PI3K-linked protein kinase B (Akt/PKB), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), GCK and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in liver. In the HFD + PGBR group, the PGBR could reverse the disorders of blood pressure, blood glucose, HbA1c and increase insulin concentration. PGBR increased the IR, IRS-1, PI3K, Akt, GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 proteins, and ameliorated AMPK, GCK, GSK and PPARγ proteins. Together, PGBR prevented HFD-induced hyperglycemia through improving insulin levels, insulin receptor, glucose transporters and enhancing glucose metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Meiho University, 23 Ping-Kuang Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuo-Ping
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pingtung Christian Hospital, 60 Da-Lian Road, Pingtung 90059, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chi-Long
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Shin-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsueh-Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.affiliation: MS program for Applied Health and Biotechnology, Meiho University, 23 Ping-Kuang Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Yen
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shin-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Bin-Nan
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho University, 23 Ping-Kuang Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hui-Li
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Lin
keywords: glucose metabolism; hyperglycemia; insulin; pre-germinated brown rice
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