title: "Pierce and inhale" design in capsule based dry powder inhalers: Effect of capsule piercing and motion on aerodynamic performance of drugs.
abstract: In this work three capsule-based dry powder inhalers, available for generics product development, were compared. Two technologically different dry powder formulations were used in order to relate the capsule piercing position and motion in the device to their aerodynamic performance. A "pierce and inhale" design, in which the capsules pierced with RS01, HandiHaler or Turbospin devices were aerosolized in the same device or transferred and aerosolized with another device, was constructed and carried out. The results obtained showed that two dry powder formulations, i.e., a drug/lactose blend or a carrier-free powder, aerosolized using capsule based inhalers, performed differently. The aerosolization of drug carrier mixture in terms of drug dispersion and emitted dose, was more sensible to the piercing and device combination than the carrier free powder. The motion of the capsule during the aerosolization boosted the powder emission, whereas the powder disaggregation was more influenced by the airflow pattern around the capsule and inside the inhaler turbulence chamber.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martinelli
authors.affiliation: Interdepartmental Center, Biopharmanet-TEC, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna Giulia
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Balducci
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sonvico
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: francesca.buttini@unipr.it.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Buttini
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D002214:Capsules; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004337:Drug Carriers; D058995:Dry Powder Inhalers; D004867:Equipment Design; D000068759:Formoterol Fumarate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011208:Powders
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D002214:Capsules; D004337:Drug Carriers; D007328:Insulin; D011208:Powders; D000068759:Formoterol Fumarate
keywords: Capsule motion; Dry powder inhaler; Formoterol fumarate; HandiHaler; RS01; Spray-dried insulin; Turbospin