title: A forward to optimization of antivenom therapy: An in vivo study upon the effectiveness of the antivenom against early and delayed nephrotoxicity induced by the venom of the Iranian scorpion Hemiscorpius lepturus in rat.
abstract: The aim of the present in vivo study was to identify the optimal effective dose, the most favorable time and the route of administration of the available polyvalent scorpion antivenom against the toxic effects induced by Hemiscorpius lepturus (H. lepturus) venom in rat. The end point for assessment included measurement of alanin-amino-peptidase (AAP) and N-acetyl-b-d-glucosaminidase (NAG), biochemical urine analysis and histopathological assessment. The results showed that a single subcutaneous 50 μg of the venom produced significant increase in the AAP and NAG enzyme activity, urinary biochemical parameters and induced histopathological structural abnormalities in the renal system. The optimal effective co-administered dose of the antivenom was 0.5 ml, which when administered 1 and 2 h of envenomation by intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SC) routes respectively produced significant protection against these toxic effects. Prudently, the significance of these findings need to be assessed in further clinical studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Toxicology Research Center, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hassan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Pipelzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Toxicology Research Center, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Electronic address: amjalali@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jalali
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Histology, Dezful Medical School, Dezful, Iran.
authors.forename: Abdul Rahman
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Dezfulian
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Toxicology Research Center, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra Nazari
authors.initials: ZN
authors.lastname: Khorasgani
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Toxicology Research Center, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Somie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarvestani
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Toxicology Research Center, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir Hossein
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Ghalambor
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Toxicology Research Center, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Armita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azarpanah
mesh_terms: D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase / Q000652:urine; D000818:Animals; D000997:Antivenins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D006456:Hemoglobinuria; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000652:urine; D011507:Proteinuria; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D065008:Scorpion Stings / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012604:Scorpion Venoms / Q000633:toxicity*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000997:Antivenins; D015415:Biomarkers; D012604:Scorpion Venoms; D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases
keywords: Alanin Amino Peptidase (AAP); Hemiscorpius lepturus; In-vivo; N-Acetyl-β-d-Glucosaminidase (NAG); Nephrotoxicity; Polyvalent antivenom