title: Urinary tract infection in children younger than 5 years. Etiology and associated urological anomalies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the most common underlying organisms, and associated urological anomalies in children presenting with urinary tract infection (UTI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospectively, all children with confirmed UTI between October 2013 and February 2014 were evaluated at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The electronic files of 279 children presenting with UTI, aged less than 5 years were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 153 patients (85 males) with a mean (SD) age of 15 (19.86) months were included in the study. Recurrent UTI was present in 45.1%. Urine collection in children less than 2 years of age was through trans-urethral catheterization in 69.4%, while midstream urine was the main method in those above 2 years (78.6%). Escherichia coli (E. coli) was the causative organism in 41.2% of first UTI. The second most common organism was Klebsiella Pneumoniae, seen in 19.6%. Urological anomalies were found in 28.1% of the overall study population. Ninety percent of those with single UTI did not have anomalies. However, urological anomalies were reported in 50.7% of those with recurrent episodes of UTI (p less than 0.005). Non-E. coli cases were associated with a higher percentage of abnormal renal ultrasonography results (p=0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Escherichia coli was the most common causative organism for UTI, and a single episode of UTI signified normal urological anatomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail. dr.w.garout@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Wallaa A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Garout
authors.forename: Hassan S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kurdi
authors.forename: Abdulrahman H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Shilli
authors.forename: Jameela A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kari
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D003241:Consanguinity; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007710:Klebsiella Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae; D008297:Male; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*
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