title: Comparing the utility of the non-mydriatic fundus camera to the direct ophthalmoscope for medical education.
abstract: Visualization of the fundus is an important component of any ophthalmologic exam. Students are taught to visualize the fundus using a direct handheld ophthalmoscope. However, this device has many limitations, which may be a detriment to medical education and patient care. The invention of the non-mydriatic automatic fundus camera could significantly improve medical education. Our study examined the ability of a group of 5 medical students to visualize pathology and form a diagnosis with a traditional handheld ophthalmoscope and an automatic fundus camera. With the direct ophthalmoscope, none of the students were able to visualize the macula, a crucial aspect of the ophthalmologic exam. With the automatic fundus camera, all students were able to visualize the fundus. The latter modality also increased the proportion of students that was able to correctly diagnose the patients with diabetic retinopathy, 100% vs 40%. On average, students were also more confident in their ability to visualize basic retinal anatomy with the automatic fundus camera, 9.6/10 vs 6.4/10. Thus, incorporating the non-mydriatic automatic fundus camera into medical education, alongside the handheld ophthalmoscope, has the potential to improve both learning outcomes and patient care.
authors.affiliation: University of Hawai'i John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI (MingC, CS, AN)- A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ (MindyC, MB).
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: University of Hawai'i John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI (MingC, CS, AN)- A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ (MindyC, MB).
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Swinney
authors.affiliation: University of Hawai'i John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI (MingC, CS, AN)- A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ (MindyC, MB).
authors.forename: Mindy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: University of Hawai'i John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI (MingC, CS, AN)- A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ (MindyC, MB).
authors.forename: Minder
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bal
authors.affiliation: University of Hawai'i John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI (MingC, CS, AN)- A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ (MindyC, MB).
authors.forename: Austin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakatsuka
mesh_terms: D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000379:methods*; D004864:Equipment and Supplies / Q000592:standards*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D015878:Mydriasis; D019721:Ophthalmoscopes / Q000592:standards*; D013337:Students, Medical
keywords: Fundus; Medical Education; Ophthalmoscope; Physical Exam
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