title: Lessons from collaborative governance and sociobiology theories for reinforcing sustained cooperation: a government food security case study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This research aimed to understand how cooperation and collaboration work in interagency arrangements using a case study of the public management of food security and nutrition in Bogotá, Colombia.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study explored the available scientific literature on Collaborative Governance within the Public Management body of knowledge and the literature on Cooperation from the Sociobiology field. Then, proposals were developed for testing on the ground through an action-research effort that was documented as a case study. Finally, observations were used to test the proposals and some analytical generalizations were developed.
  
  
  METHODS
  To document the case study, several personal interviews, file reviews and normative reviews were conducted to generate a case study database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Collaboration and cooperation concepts within the framework of interagency public management can be understood as a shared desirable outcome that unites different agencies in committing efforts and resources to the accomplishment of a common goal for society, as seen in obtaining food and nutrition security for a specific territory. Collaboration emerges when the following conditions exist and decreases when they are absent: (1) a strong sponsorship that may come from a central government policy or from a distributed interagency consensus; (2) a clear definition of the participating agencies; (3) stability of the staff assigned to the coordination system; and (4) a fitness function for the staff, some mechanism to reward or punish the collaboration level of each individual in the interagency effort.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As this research investigated only one case study, the findings must be taken with care and any generalization made from this study needs to be analytical in nature. Additionally, research must be done to accept these results universally. Food security and nutrition efforts are interagency in nature. For collaboration between agencies to emerge, a minimum set of characteristics that were established during the merging of the public management and sociobiology fields of knowledge and validated by means of a case study must be accomplished.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Minas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Núcleo Robledo, Medellin, Colombia. Electronic address: lamontoyar@unal.edu.co.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Montoya
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Minas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Núcleo Robledo, Medellin, Colombia. Electronic address: iamontoyar@unal.edu.co.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Montoya
authors.affiliation: Valle. Investigador Grupo de Economía Evolucionista e Institucional, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia. Electronic address: oscar.sanchez@gmail.com.
authors.forename: O D
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Sánchez González
mesh_terms: D003105:Colombia; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D035082:Federal Government; D005523:Food Supply; D006076:Government; D006077:Government Agencies / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D007373:Interinstitutional Relations; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012106:Research; D035503:Sociobiology
keywords: Bogotá; Case study; Collaborative governance; Cooperation; Food security; Nutrition; Reciprocal altruism; Sociobiology