title: Deviation in the predefined calibration factors of the dose calibrators and the associated inaccuracy in the radioactivity measurements of beta-gamma emitters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the predefined calibration factors of the dose calibrators can provide accurate radioactivity measurements of beta-gamma emitters used in routine therapeutic nuclear medicine procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two models of dose calibrators were used in the present study for radioactivity measurements of (153)Sm ethylenediamine-N, N, N', N'-tetrakis methylene phosphonic acid (EDTMP) and (177)Lu (EDTMP). A known (precalibrated) activity of each of the two beta emitters received by us from our National Supplier for administration to the patients with extensive bony metastases for bone pain palliation, was used for experiments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When we used the manufacturers' provided dial setting of 450 × 10, each of the dose calibrators underestimated the radioactivity of (177)Lu by about 9.0%. Dial settings of 403 × 10 and 408 × 10 for (177)Lu on CRC-15R and CRC-ultra dose calibrators respectively were calculated experimentally using an iterative approach. The radioactivity measurements made at these settings provided an excellent agreement with the specified values. Likewise, a dial setting of 230 for each of the two dose calibrators was calculated for (153)Sm, which provided a good agreement between the experimentally derived radioactivity values and the certified values. A deviation of ± 5.0% was observed when radioactivity of (177)Lu and (153)Sm was measured over a wide range (4.0 MBq to 2.1 GBq) for time intervals equivalent to 4.5 half-lives of each of the two radionuclides. A deviation of ± 5% was observed when radioactivity was counted in different dilution volumes and in syringes of varying size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These variations could lead to a cumulative error of about 20.0% toward the inaccuracy in the radioactivity measurements of the beta-gamma emitters and thus predefined calibration factors of the dose calibrators may require experimental re-setting of these parameters and periodic checking to provide accurate radioactivity estimates of beta-gamma emitters in a given clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Sarika
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Baljinder
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Ashwani
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koul
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Bhagwant Rai
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Mittal
keywords: Beta-gamma emitter; calibration factor; dose calibrator; lutetium-177; samarium-153
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