title: Gray matter atrophy in narcolepsy: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis.
abstract: The authors reviewed the literature on the use of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) in narcolepsy magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies via the use of a meta-analysis of neuroimaging to identify concordant and specific structural deficits in patients with narcolepsy as compared with healthy subjects. We used PubMed to retrieve articles published between January 2000 and March 2014. The authors included all VBM research on narcolepsy and compared the findings of the studies by using gray matter volume (GMV) or gray matter concentration (GMC) to index differences in gray matter. Stereotactic data were extracted from 8 VBM studies of 149 narcoleptic patients and 162 control subjects. We applied activation likelihood estimation (ALE) technique and found significant regional gray matter reduction in the bilateral hypothalamus, thalamus, globus pallidus, extending to nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), left mid orbital and rectal gyri (BAs 10 and 11), right inferior frontal gyrus (BA 47), and the right superior temporal gyrus (BA 41) in patients with narcolepsy. The significant gray matter deficits in narcoleptic patients occurred in the bilateral hypothalamus and frontotemporal regions, which may be related to the emotional processing abnormalities and orexin/hypocretin pathway common among populations of patients with narcolepsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan; Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsu-Huei
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Feng
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yuan-Hsiung
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Ying
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Care, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Care, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Ta
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Therapy, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. Electronic address: chestmed@adm.cgmh.org.tw.
authors.forename: Ying-Huang
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Yuh
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D001284:Atrophy / Q000473:pathology*; D066128:Gray Matter / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D009290:Narcolepsy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D059906:Neuroimaging
keywords: Activation likelihood estimation (ALE); Gray matter; Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); Meta-analysis; Narcolepsy; Voxel-based morphometry (VBM)