title: Magnitude of multiplanar breast kinematics differs depending upon run distance.
abstract: Recommendations for breast support, dynamic breast pain assessment, and implications for sports performance have been made within breast biomechanics research; however, these studies have been based upon short exercise protocols (2-5 min). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of breast support on multiplanar breast kinematics over a 5-kilometre run. Ten female participants (34D or 32DD) conducted two 5-kilometre runs, in a low and high breast support. Relative multiplanar breast kinematics were averaged over five gait cycles at six intervals of a 5-kilometre run. Increases in multiplanar breast kinematics were reported from the start to the end of the run, with the greatest rate of increase in breast kinematics reported within the first two kilometres of running. The greatest relative increases in breast range of motion (34%), velocity (33%), and acceleration (41%) were reported in the superioinferior direction at the fifth kilometre (33 min of running) in the high breast support. Key findings suggest that the run distance, and therefore run duration, employed for both fundamental research and product validation protocols should be carefully considered and it is suggested that running protocols for assessing breast biomechanics should exceed 7 min.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences , University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth , UK.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Milligan
authors.affiliation: a Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences , University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth , UK.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.affiliation: a Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences , University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth , UK.
authors.forename: Jo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Corbett
authors.affiliation: a Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences , University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth , UK.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scurr
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001940:Breast / Q000502:physiology*; D003020:Clothing; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: breast support; females; kinematic; running; sports bras