title: The Effect of Different Mixing Methods on the pH and Solubility of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Calcium-Enriched Mixture.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different mixing techniques on the pH and solubility of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium-enriched mixture (CEM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Five samples were prepared from each biomaterial with different mixing techniques including hand-, amalgamator- or ultrasonic-mixing and were then placed in pre-weighted plastic tubes to determine their pH values. Each tube was then incubated in 10 mL deionized distilled water for 1 h at 37(º)C. An electrode was placed in the fluid in each flask at 24(º)C and the pH was recorded. In the next stage, six samples from each mixing technique/material were separately placed in glass bottles containing 50 mL of distilled water at 37(º)C for 1 h and were let dry for 1 h at 37(º)C. The samples' weights were measured and recorded twice. The procedure was repeated at 1-, 7- and 21-day intervals. Data were analyzed with the repeated measures ANOVA (for solubility) and two-way ANOVA (for pH) and then the post-hoc Tukey's test was done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pH of the materials was not significantly affected by mixing methods. (P=0.8 for CEM and P=0.1 for MTA). The solubility of all test groups was within the acceptable range (=3%). However, the solubility of CEM at 1- and 21-day intervals was significantly different (P=0.03 for 1 day and P=0.001 for 21 days). Different mixing techniques had significant effects on the solubility of MTA at the three time points (P=0.004, 0.003 and 0.002 for 1-, 7- and 21-day intervals, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pH of biomaterials was not influenced by the mixing technique and their solubility was within the acceptable range.
authors.affiliation: Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Dental Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;
authors.forename: Shahriar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shahi
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Dental Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;
authors.forename: Negin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ghasemi
authors.affiliation: Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Dental Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rahimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Dental Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Yavari
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Dental Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samiei
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Dental Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Janani
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahmood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bahari
keywords: CEM Cement; Calcium-Enriched Mixture; MTA; Mineral Trioxide Aggregate; Solubility; pH
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