title: Identification of Novel Recombinant Forms of Hepatitis B Virus Generated from Genotypes Ae and G in HIV-1-Positive Japanese Men Who Have Sex with Men.
abstract: The rare hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype G (HBV/G) coinfects HIV-1-positive individuals along with HBV/A and generates recombinants. However, the circulation of HBV A/G recombinants remains poorly understood. This molecular epidemiologic study examined HBV A/G recombinants in Japanese HIV-1-positive men who have sex with men (MSM). Initially, blood specimens submitted for confirmatory tests of HIV infection in Osaka and Tokyo, Japan, from 2006 to 2013 were examined for HIV-1, and HIV-1-positive specimens were screened for HBV. Among 817 specimens from HIV-1-positive individuals, HBsAg was detected in 59 specimens; of these, HBV/Ae (alternatively A2), a subgenotype of HBV/A prevalent in Europe and North America, was identified in 70.2%, HBV/C in 17.5%, and HBV/G in 10.5%, and HBV/E in 1.8% according to the core gene sequence. The full-length genome analysis of HBV was performed on HBV/G-positive specimens because some HBV A/G recombinants were historically overlooked by genotyping based on a partial genome analysis. It revealed that five of the specimens contained novel Ae/G recombinants, the core gene of which had a high sequence similarity to HBV/G. Detailed analyses showed that novel recombinants were coinfected with HBV/Ae in a recombinant-dominant fashion. No major drug-resistant mutations were found in the newly identified HBV Ae/G recombinants. Some of the individuals asymptomatically coinfected with HIV/HBV suffered mild liver injury. This study demonstrated that novel Ae/G HBV recombinants were identified in Japanese HIV-1-positive MSM. The pathogenicity of novel HBV Ae/G recombinants should be examined in a future longitudinal study. Surveillance of such viruses in HIV-1-positive individuals should be emphasized.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Infectious Diseases, Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health , Osaka, Japan .
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Infectious Diseases, Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health , Osaka, Japan .
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawahata
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Infectious Diseases, Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health , Osaka, Japan .
authors.forename: Haruyo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: 2 Sonezaki Furubayashi Clinic , Osaka, Japan .
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Furubayashi
authors.affiliation: 3 Taiyuji-chou Taniguchi Clinic , Osaka, Japan .
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.affiliation: 4 Shirakaba Clinic , Tokyo, Japan .
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Itoda
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Infectious Diseases, Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health , Osaka, Japan .|5 National Hospital Organization , Nagoya Medical Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nagoya, Japan .
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Komano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D016679:Genome, Viral; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral
references.citation: Virus Genes. 2002 Mar;24(2):153-6
references.pmid: 12018706
references.citation: J Gen Virol. 2000 Jan;81(Pt 1):67-74
references.pmid: 10640543
references.citation: J Gen Virol. 2005 Nov;86(Pt 11):3027-30
references.pmid: 16227224
references.citation: Bioinformatics. 2005 Oct 1;21(19):3797-800
references.pmid: 16076886
references.citation: J Virol. 2009 Oct;83(20):10538-47
references.pmid: 19640977
references.citation: J Med Virol. 2005 May;76(1):33-9
references.pmid: 15779048
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1997 Dec 11;337(24):1733-45
references.pmid: 9392700
references.citation: J Gen Virol. 2002 Aug;83(Pt 8):2059-73
references.pmid: 12124470
references.citation: Gene. 2000 Dec 30;260(1-2):55-65
references.pmid: 11137291
references.citation: J Virol. 2002 Jun;76(12):6131-7
references.pmid: 12021346
references.citation: Virol J. 2007;4:92
references.pmid: 17892576
references.citation: World J Gastroenterol. 2006 Oct 28;12(40):6540-5
references.pmid: 17072988
references.citation: Nat Commun. 2012;3:789
references.pmid: 22510694
references.citation: Hepatology. 2001 Jan;33(1):218-23
references.pmid: 11124839
references.citation: Hepatology. 2001 Sep;34(3):590-4
references.pmid: 11526547
references.citation: J Gen Virol. 1996 May;77 ( Pt 5):929-39
references.pmid: 8609489
references.citation: BMC Microbiol. 2008;8:11
references.pmid: 18211717
references.citation: Hepatology. 2006 Jul;44(1):99-107
references.pmid: 16799987
references.citation: Hepatology. 2006 Aug;44(2):326-34
references.pmid: 16871568
references.citation: J Infect Dis. 1997 Jun;175(6):1285-93
references.pmid: 9180165
references.citation: J Hepatol. 2004 Jul;41(1):119-25
references.pmid: 15246217
references.citation: J Gen Virol. 1988 Oct;69 ( Pt 10):2575-83
references.pmid: 3171552
references.citation: Gastroenterology. 2000 Mar;118(3):554-9
references.pmid: 10702206
references.citation: J Gen Virol. 2008 Dec;89(Pt 12):3009-15
references.pmid: 19008387
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Sep;86(18):7059-62
references.pmid: 2780562
references.citation: J Med Virol. 2002 Sep;68(1):24-32
references.pmid: 12210427
references.citation: J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005 Mar;20(3):441-9
references.pmid: 15740490
references.citation: J Med Virol. 2008 Apr;80(4):577-82
references.pmid: 18297707
references.citation: Hepatology. 2007 Apr;45(4):929-37
references.pmid: 17393501
references.citation: J Med Virol. 2008 Nov;80(11):1880-4
references.pmid: 18814241
references.citation: J Gen Virol. 1993 Jul;74 ( Pt 7):1341-8
references.pmid: 8336122
references.citation: Intervirology. 2003;46(6):329-38
references.pmid: 14688448
references.citation: J Gen Virol. 2006 Aug;87(Pt 8):2203-15
references.pmid: 16847116
references.citation: J Gen Virol. 2004 Apr;85(Pt 4):811-20
references.pmid: 15039524
references.citation: Jpn J Exp Med. 1987 Aug;57(4):231-6
references.pmid: 3430800
references.citation: J Med Virol. 2001 Aug;64(4):435-40
references.pmid: 11468727
references.citation: Emerg Infect Dis. 2008 Nov;14(11):1777-80
references.pmid: 18976569
references.citation: J Virol. 2005 Dec;79(24):15467-76
references.pmid: 16306618
references.citation: Virology. 2008 Jul 5;376(2):408-15
references.pmid: 18474388
references.citation: J Infect Chemother. 2008 Feb;14(1):51-5
references.pmid: 18297450
references.citation: J Virol Methods. 2009 May;157(2):141-6
references.pmid: 19126416
references.citation: J Med Virol. 2005 May;76(1):24-32
references.pmid: 15779062
references.citation: Lancet. 2005 Jan 8-14;365(9454):123-9
references.pmid: 15639293
references.citation: J Med Virol. 2006 Jan;78(1):60-7
references.pmid: 16299721
references.citation: J Med Virol. 2005 Sep;77(1):39-46
references.pmid: 16032734
references.citation: Epidemiol Infect. 2013 Nov;141(11):2410-7
references.pmid: 23347648
references.citation: Intervirology. 1995;38(1-2):24-34
references.pmid: 8666521
references.citation: J Viral Hepat. 1999 Jul;6(4):299-304
references.pmid: 10607244
references.citation: Lancet. 1989 Sep 9;2(8663):588-91
references.pmid: 2570285
references.citation: Hepatol Res. 2004 Dec;30(4):199-203
references.pmid: 15589126