title: Development of phytovesicles containing triterpenoids from Samadera indica.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Samadera indica belonging to Simaroubaceae family is being used traditionally for many diseases including arthritis, edema, itching, skin diseases, constipation, and general debility.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The effectiveness of any drug delivery system depends upon its ability to deliver the active components at therapeutic level. In this study, a novel phyto vesicular formulation for the enhanced topical delivery of methanol extract of S. indica in order to treat skin infections was developed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The methanol extract fraction of leaves of S. indica which showed more antifungal activity was purified to separate an antifungal compound. Phytovesicles were formulated using the more antifungal fraction in order to treat topical and deep seated fungal infections. Pytovesicles were prepared using 1:2 molar ratio of antifungal triterpenoid from S. indica (AFTSI)-phosphatidylcholine by film hydration method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chloroform 100% fraction of methanol extract of S. indica showed more activity against the fungus Candida albicans. Further purification gave a fraction with minimum inhibitory concentration value of 15.6 mg/ml against C. albicans and showed positive test for triterpenoids. The fraction was named as AFTSI. A compound (20 mg) was isolated from this fraction at an RF value. The phytovesicle gel formulated using AFTSI showed enhanced skin permeability and antifungal activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study demonstrated that the phytovesicular gel developed using methanol extract of S. indica would be beneficial for treating deep seated fungal infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwavidyapeetham University, AIMS, Kochi, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Vidya
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Viswanad
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwavidyapeetham University, AIMS, Kochi, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Subin Mary
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Zachariah
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwavidyapeetham University, AIMS, Kochi, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Aiswarya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sathi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Caritas College of Pharmacy, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Aleykutty
keywords: Phytovesicular gel; Samadera indica; Triterpenoids
references.citation: J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2007 Mar 21;3:14
references.pmid: 17376227
references.citation: J Ethnopharmacol. 2011 Jun 1;135(3):797-800
references.pmid: 21470574
references.citation: J Gen Microbiol. 1983 Mar;129(3):543-6
references.pmid: 6875511
references.citation: J Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Aug 22;100(1-2):168-75
references.pmid: 16054532
references.citation: Acta Pol Pharm. 2010 May-Jun;67(3):217-23
references.pmid: 20524422
references.citation: J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2012 Apr;3(2):106-11
references.pmid: 22837958