title: Acute cardiotoxicity evaluation of the marine biotoxins OA, DTX-1 and YTX.
abstract: Phycotoxins are marine toxins produced by phytoplankton that can get accumulated in filter feeding shellfish. Human intoxication episodes occur due to contaminated seafood consumption. Okadaic acid (OA) and dynophysistoxins (DTXs) are phycotoxins responsible for a severe gastrointestinal syndrome called diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP). Yessotoxins (YTXs) are marine toxins initially included in the DSP class but currently classified as a separated group. Food safety authorities from several countries have regulated the content of DSPs and YTXs in shellfish to protect human health. In mice, OA and YTX have been associated with ultrastructural heart damage in vivo. Therefore, this study explored the potential of OA, DTX-1 and YTX to cause acute heart toxicity. Cardiotoxicity was evaluated in vitro by measuring hERG (human èter-a-go-go gene) channel activity and in vivo using electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings and cardiac damage biomarkers. The results demonstrated that these toxins do not exert acute effects on hERG channel activity. Additionally, in vivo experiments showed that these compounds do not alter cardiac biomarkers and ECG in rats acutely. Despite the ultrastructural damage to the heart reported for these toxins, no acute alterations of heart function have been detected in vivo, suggesting a functional compensation in the short term.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain. sara.fernandez.ferreiro@usc.es.
authors.forename: Sara F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Ferreiro
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain. cristina.carrera@usc.es.|Hospital Veterinario Universitario Rof Codina, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain. cristina.carrera@usc.es.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carrera
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain. natalia.vilarino@usc.es.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vilariño
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain. mcarmen.louzao@usc.es.
authors.forename: M Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Louzao
authors.affiliation: Hospital Veterinario Universitario Rof Codina, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain. german.santamarina@usc.es.|Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain. german.santamarina@usc.es.
authors.forename: Germán
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Santamarina
authors.affiliation: Hospital Veterinario Universitario Rof Codina, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain. antonio.cantalapiedra@usc.es.|Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain. antonio.cantalapiedra@usc.es.
authors.forename: Antonio G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Cantalapiedra
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain. luis.botana@usc.es.
authors.forename: Luis M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Botana
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D066126:Cardiotoxicity / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D000072237:ERG1 Potassium Channel; D004562:Electrocardiography; D051638:Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D008978:Mollusk Venoms; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood; D019319:Okadaic Acid / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D035964:Oxocins / Q000633:toxicity*; D011714:Pyrans / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D019210:Troponin I / Q000097:blood; D020107:Troponin T / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000072237:ERG1 Potassium Channel; D051638:Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels; C000606913:KCNH2 protein, human; D008978:Mollusk Venoms; D035964:Oxocins; D011714:Pyrans; D019210:Troponin I; D020107:Troponin T; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D019319:Okadaic Acid; C051904:dinophysistoxin 1; C066632:yessotoxin
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