title: Efficacy of resin-modified glass ionomer cement varnish in the prevention of white spot lesions during comprehensive orthodontic treatment: a split-mouth study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of resin-modified glass ionomer cement varnish in the prevention of white spot lesions (WSLs) during early orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 480 maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth were studied. The varnish was applied to either the right or left side of the maxillary or mandibular anterior teeth on a random basis. For each experimental quadrant in each patient, the varnish was applied to the labial surfaces of incisors and canines, from the gingival surface of the bracket to the free gingival margin. White spot lesions were recorded on a standard pro forma before (T(0)) and approximately 6 months following varnish application (T(1)) by DIAGNOdent and direct visual inspection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The DIAGNOdent score at T(1) was increased significantly in the control maxillary lateral and mandibular central (P < 0·05), and lateral incisors (P < 0·01). The visual scores in experimental maxillary lateral incisors and mandibular canines were decreased significantly at T(1) (P < 0·05). The sidewise post-treatment (T(1)) comparisons of control and experimental teeth for visual scores revealed significant decreases for maxillary lateral incisors, maxillary canines and mandibular canines (P < 0·05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Application of resin-modified glass ionomer cement varnish had a favourable effect in the prevention of WSLs during comprehensive orthodontic treatment.
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar Jena
authors.forename: Satinder
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pal Singh
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar Utreja
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D002648:Child; D003481:Cuspid / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000145:classification / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005881:Gingiva / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D007834:Lasers; D008297:Male; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D019279:Resin Cements; C477790:Transbond XT
keywords: Clinpro XT varnish,; DIAGNOdent; Fluoride varnish,; comprehensive orthodontic treatment,; white spot lesions,