title: Transcriptional and morphological changes in the transition from mycetophagous to phytophagous phase in the plant-parasitic nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.
abstract: Drastic physiological and morphological changes in parasites are crucial for the establishment of a successful infection. The nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is the pathogenic agent of pine wilt disease, and little is known about the physiology and morphology in this nematode at the initial stage of infection. In this study, we devised an infection system using pine stem cuttings that allowed us to observe transcriptional and morphological changes in the host-infecting phytophagous phase. We found that 60 genes enriched in xenobiotic detoxification were up-regulated in two independent post-inoculation events, whereas down-regulation was observed in multiple members of collagen gene families. After 48 h of inoculation, the tails in some of the adult females exposed to the host changed in morphology. These results suggest that B. xylophilus may change its physiology and morphology to protect itself and to adapt to the host pine wood environment.
authors.affiliation: Division of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan.|Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Isheng J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Division of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryusei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, 305-8689, Japan.
authors.forename: Natsumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kanzaki
authors.affiliation: Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, 305-8689, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuteru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akiba
authors.affiliation: Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, 305-8689, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokoi
authors.affiliation: Cell and Molecular Sciences Group, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK.|Nemalab-ICAAM, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, 7002-554, Évora, Portugal.
authors.forename: Margarida
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Espada
authors.affiliation: Cell and Molecular Sciences Group, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK.
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Division of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan.
authors.forename: Taisei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions / Q000235:genetics*; D028223:Pinus / Q000469:parasitology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000469:parasitology; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000469:parasitology; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D017187:Tylenchida / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics
keywords: Bursaphelenchus xylophilus; RNAseq; collagen; pinewood nematode; tail shape
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