title: [Perceived Autonomy in Old Age scale: Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Polish adaptation].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sense of autonomy - the possibility to choose and decide - is one of the markers of positive and active aging. The goal of this study was to examine the Polish adaptation of the Perceived Autonomy in Old Age (PAA) scale and to determine its internal structure and psychometric properties: reliability, as well as construct and discriminant validity.
  
  
  METHODS
  277 seniors (female=187; male=90), without cognitive function disorders aged 60 to 100 (M=77.4; SD=9.2) took part in the study. Apart from the PAA, the ADL and IADL scales (self-reliance assessment) were used, as well as the Emotional State Questionnaire (a measure for positive and negative emotions) and the WHOQoL-Brief (a measure for health-related quality of life).
  
  
  RESULTS
  As a result of an exploratory and confirmation factor analysis a one-factor tool with five items was built. Reliability coefficients of the scale measured with the internal consistency method and test-retest were ≥ 0.80. Positive correlations were found with indicators in the ADL, IADL, as well as in the somatic and psychological domain of life quality, and positive emotions. Negative correlations were found for negative emotions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The obtained results indicated very high reliability and accuracy for the Polish adaptation of the SPA. The tool can be used as a predictor and/or indicator of successful aging and life quality of seniors.
authors.affiliation: Katedra Psychologii Zdrowia, Wydział Psychologii Szkoły Wyższej Psychologii Społecznej w Warszawie.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kroemeke
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011044:Poland; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*
keywords: autonomy; elderly; factor analysis