title: Traffic-related air pollution exposure and incidence of stroke in four cohorts from Stockholm.
abstract: We investigated the risk of stroke related to long-term ambient air pollution exposure, in particular the role of various exposure time windows, using four cohorts from Stockholm County, Sweden. In total, 22,587 individuals were recruited from 1992 to 2004 and followed until 2011. Yearly air pollution levels resulting from local road traffic emissions were assessed at participant residences using dispersion models for particulate matter (PM10) and nitrogen oxides (NOX). Cohort-specific hazard ratios were estimated for time-weighted air pollution exposure during different time windows and the incidence of stroke, adjusted for common risk factors, and then meta-analysed. Overall, 868 subjects suffered a non-fatal or fatal stroke during 238,731 person-years of follow-up. An increment of 20 μg/m(3) in estimated annual mean of road-traffic related NOX exposure at recruitment was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.16 (95% CI 0.83-1.61), with evidence of heterogeneity between the cohorts. For PM10, an increment of 10 μg/m(3) corresponded to a hazard ratio of 1.14 (95% CI 0.68-1.90). Time-window analyses did not reveal any clear induction-latency pattern. In conclusion, we found suggestive evidence of an association between long-term exposure to NOX and PM10 from local traffic and stroke at comparatively low levels of air pollution.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Michal J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Korek
authors.affiliation: 1] Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden [2] Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Tom D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Bellander
authors.affiliation: Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lind
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bottai
authors.affiliation: Environment and Health Administration, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kristina M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Eneroth
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Caracciolo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ulf H
authors.initials: UH
authors.lastname: de Faire
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden [2] Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden [3] Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fratiglioni
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Agneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hilding
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Leander
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistcs, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Patrik K E
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Magnusson
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistcs, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Nancy L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Claes-Göran
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Östenson
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pershagen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Johanna C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Penell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D018433:Twin Studies as Topic; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide
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