title: Men and women differ in their diurnal expression of monocyte peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α in the fed but not in the fasted state.
abstract: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) plays a pivotal role in regulating metabolic response to fasting and is an inhibitor of inflammatory pathways in immune cells. It represents a therapeutic target for treatment of several diseases, mainly hyperlipidemia. To shed light on PPARα expression changes in response to fasting, young healthy male and female volunteers were fed or fasted for 24 hours. Monocytes were analyzed every 2 hours to compile both profiles of mRNA and protein expression of PPARα and its interactive partner, the circadian pacemaker brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator like-1 (BMAL1). We found that women change their diurnal expression profiles of PPARα and BMAL1 when switching from the fed to the fasted state, whereas men do not. Interestingly, the PPARα and BMAL1 profiles of men and women in the fed state are different, whereas the profiles in the fasted state are virtually identical. The finding of diametrically opposite responses of male and female PPARα expression in the fed state might have practical implication in human medicine as PPARα activators like fibrates are used for the therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, microvascular complications in diabetes, and kidney diseases.
authors.affiliation: *Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Computer Science, and University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany; Paracelsus Harz Clinic Bad Suderode, Quedlinburg, Germany; and German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wege
authors.affiliation: *Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Computer Science, and University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany; Paracelsus Harz Clinic Bad Suderode, Quedlinburg, Germany; and German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schutkowski
authors.affiliation: *Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Computer Science, and University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany; Paracelsus Harz Clinic Bad Suderode, Quedlinburg, Germany; and German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boenn
authors.affiliation: *Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Computer Science, and University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany; Paracelsus Harz Clinic Bad Suderode, Quedlinburg, Germany; and German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bialek
authors.affiliation: *Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Computer Science, and University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany; Paracelsus Harz Clinic Bad Suderode, Quedlinburg, Germany; and German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schlitt
authors.affiliation: *Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Computer Science, and University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany; Paracelsus Harz Clinic Bad Suderode, Quedlinburg, Germany; and German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Noack
authors.affiliation: *Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Computer Science, and University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany; Paracelsus Harz Clinic Bad Suderode, Quedlinburg, Germany; and German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Ivo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Grosse
authors.affiliation: *Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Computer Science, and University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany; Paracelsus Harz Clinic Bad Suderode, Quedlinburg, Germany; and German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany gabriele.stangl@landw.uni-halle.de.
authors.forename: Gabriele I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Stangl
mesh_terms: D056930:ARNTL Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004435:Eating / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005215:Fasting / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D056930:ARNTL Transcription Factors; C538960:BMAL1 protein, human; D047493:PPAR alpha; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: caloric intake; circadian pacemaker; nuclear receptor