title: Air Quality in Lanzhou, a Major Industrial City in China: Characteristics of Air Pollution and Review of Existing Evidence from Air Pollution and Health Studies.
abstract: Air pollution contributes substantially to global health burdens; however, less is known about pollution patterns in China and whether they differ from those elsewhere. We evaluated temporal and spatial heterogeneity of air pollution in Lanzhou, an urban Chinese city (April 2009-December 2012), and conducted a systematic review of literature on air pollution and health in Lanzhou. Average levels were 141.5, 42.3, and 47.2 µg/m3for particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10 µm (PM10), NO2, and SO2, respectively. Findings suggest some seasonality, particularly for SO2, with higher concentrations during colder months relative to warmer months, although a longer time frame of data is needed to evaluate seasonality fully. Correlation coefficients generally declined with distance between monitors, while coefficients of divergence increased with distance. However, these trends were not statistically significant. PM10levels exceeded Chinese and other health-based standards and guidelines. The review identified 13 studies on outdoor air pollution and health. Although limited, the studies indicate that air pollution is associated with increased risk of health outcomes in Lanzhou. These studies and the high air pollution levels suggest potentially serious health consequences. Findings can provide guidance to future epidemiological studies, monitor placement programs, and air quality policies.
authors.affiliation: School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou, University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China.
authors.forename: Yaqun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Gansu Provincial Environmental Monitoring Central Station, 225 Yanerwan Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730020, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, 195 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
authors.forename: Mercedes A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bravo
authors.affiliation: School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, 195 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, 195 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
authors.forename: Amruta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nori-Sarma
authors.affiliation: Gansu Provincial Design and Research Institute of Environmental Science, 225 Yanerwan Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730020, China.
authors.forename: Yanwen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Gansu Provincial Design and Research Institute of Environmental Science, 225 Yanerwan Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730020, China.
authors.forename: Donghong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: Gansu Provincial Design and Research Institute of Environmental Science, 225 Yanerwan Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730020, China.
authors.forename: Chengyuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Gansu Provincial Design and Research Institute of Environmental Science, 225 Yanerwan Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730020, China.
authors.forename: Mingxia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Gansu Provincial Design and Research Institute of Environmental Science, 225 Yanerwan Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730020, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Gansu Provincial Design and Research Institute of Environmental Science, 225 Yanerwan Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730020, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, 143, Qilihe North Road, Lanzhou 730050, China.
authors.forename: Weitao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
authors.forename: Yawei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, 195 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bell
keywords: Air pollution; China; Human health; Lanzhou; Nitrogen dioxide; Particulate matter; Sulfur dioxide
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