title: Efficacy of lignocaine in gel and spray form during buccal infiltration anesthesia in children: a randomized clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy of 15% lignocaine spray and 8% lignocaine gel as a topical anesthetic, in reducing pain, during buccal infiltration in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two patients aged between 7 and 12 years requiring restorative procedures/extraction/pulp therapy of primary/ permanent teeth in the maxillary arch, under buccal infiltration anesthesia were selected for the study. The participants were randomly allocated into 2 groups of 21 each. In group A, 8% lignocaine gel and in group B, 15% lignocaine spray was applied prior to buccal infiltration. Pain was assessed using Wong-Baker faces pain rating scale (WBFPRS) and faces legs activity cry and consolability (FLACC) painscale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pearson's chi-square test revealed that there was no significant difference in the FLACC scores of the two groups (p = 0.54). Independent t-test demonstrated that there was no significant difference in Wong-Bakers faces pain score between the two agents (p = 0.07).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no significant difference in the efficacy of 15% lignocaine spray and 8% lignocaine gel as a topical anesthetic in controlling pain during buccal infiltration anesthesia, in children.
authors.affiliation: Former Postgraduate Student, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Anshul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Additional Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, 'Shreyas' 15/17/940-13, 5th Cross Road, Shivabagh, Kadri, Mangalore 575002, Karnataka, India, Phone: 091-0824-2428716, Fax: 091-0824-2422653, e-mail:suprabha.bhat@manipal.edu.
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Suprabha
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka India.
authors.forename: Ramya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shenoy
authors.affiliation: Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Arathi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rao
mesh_terms: D000278:Administration, Buccal; D000336:Aerosols; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections / Q000295:instrumentation; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D009339:Needles; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000379:methods; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D005782:Gels; D008012:Lidocaine
keywords: Lignocaine; Randomized trial. How to cite this article: Sharma A; Rao A. Efficacy of Lignocaine in Gel and Spray form during Buccal Infltration Anesthesia in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(6):750-754. Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: None.; Shenoy R; Suprabha BS; Topical anesthesia