title: Volumetric measurement of compensatory hypertrophy in the contralateral normal kidney by the tumor growth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the association between tumor size and preoperative volumetric kidney parameters measured with CT in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively identified 1118 patients who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy for RCC between 2011 and 2014. Contrast-enhanced CT was performed within three months before surgery. Kidney volume was measured using a tissue segmentation tool program from CT images. We classified patients into three groups depending on tumor size (A: ≤4 cm, B: 4-7 cm, C: >7 cm). The preoperative volumetric kidney parameters were compared and multivariable linear regression was used to analyze potential factors associated with compensatory hypertrophy of the contralateral normal kidney before surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients in group C had a significantly larger contralateral normal kidney volume than patients in A and B (A: 170.0 mL, B: 171.7 mL, C: 187.2 mL, p < 0.001). The contralateral kidney volume was not significantly different between groups A and B (p > 0.05). However, tumor-side real kidney volume in group C was significantly smaller than that of groups A and B (A: 168.8 mL, B: 164.9 mL, C: 150.9 mL, p < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, increased contralateral kidney volume was positively associated with male gender, higher BMI, DM, higher preoperative GFR, and tumor size (>7 cm), and negatively associated with older age (p < 0.05). Tumor size had the strongest positive association with contralateral kidney volume (>7 cm, partial regression coefficient = 30.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tumor size (>7 cm) is the strongest factor associated with compensatory hypertrophy in the contralateral normal kidney before surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bong Hee
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Byong Chang
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seong Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seong Il
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Moo
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Han Yong
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea. hwanggyun.jeon@samsung.com.
authors.forename: Hwang Gyun
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Jeon
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000453:epidemiology; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009392:Nephrectomy; D009929:Organ Size; D057234:Preoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D047368:Tumor Burden
keywords: Computerized tomography; Hypertrophy; Nephrectomy; Renal cell carcinoma
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