title: Effect of orthodontic treatment with preadjusted edgewise appliances on the buccolingual inclination of mandibular canines: a CBCT study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects of treatment with preadjusted edgewise appliances on the buccolingual inclination of mandibular canines and the intercanine distance.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Division of Orthodontics at the University of Minnesota. Thirty patients whose treatment included extraction of mandibular first premolars and 30 patients whose treatment did not include extractions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The buccolingual inclination of mandibular canines and their linear distance were measured on cone beam computed tomograms before and after treatment in both patient groups. Differences between extraction and non-extraction groups and between pre- and post-treatment measurements were tested for statistical significance, and the correlation between the buccolingual inclination and the intercanine distance was computed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Post-treatment, the buccolingual inclination of mandibular canines was significantly greater in the non-extraction group than in the extraction group. In both groups, the canines became more lingually inclined with treatment (non-extraction group: -2.1°; extraction group: -4.1°). The intercanine distance increased significantly in the extraction group (+1.2 mm) but not in the non-extraction group (-0.5 mm). While there was a significant positive correlation between the buccolingual inclination and the mandibular intercanine distance in both groups before treatment, after treatment this correlation was significant only in the non-extraction group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Orthodontic treatment with preadjusted edgewise appliances results in more lingually inclined mandibular canines together with an increased intercanine distance, especially in patients whose treatment involves the extraction of mandibular first premolars.
authors.affiliation: Private Practice, Lakeville, MN, USA.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Hamdan
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grünheid
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Larson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000601:surgery; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D015331:Cohort Studies; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D003481:Cuspid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008311:Malocclusion, Angle Class I / Q000628:therapy; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000379:methods; D019415:Torque; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: buccolingual inclination; cone beam computed tomography; intercanine distance; mandibular canine