title: Polio vaccination: past, present and future.
abstract: Live attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV) and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) are the tools being used to achieve eradication of wild polio virus. Because OPV can rarely cause paralysis and generate revertant polio strains, IPV will have to replace OPV after eradication of wild polio virus is certified to sustain eradication of all polioviruses. However, uncertainties remain related to IPV's ability to induce intestinal immunity in populations where fecal-oral transmission is predominant. Although substantial effectiveness and safety data exist on the use and delivery of OPV and IPV, several new research initiatives are currently underway to fill specific knowledge gaps to inform future vaccination policies that would assure polio is eradicated and eradication is maintained.
authors.forename: Ananda S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Bandyopadhyay
authors.affiliation: 2Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, 1462 Clifton Road, Room 446, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garon
authors.affiliation: 2Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, 1462 Clifton Road, Room 446, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seib
authors.affiliation: 2Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, 1462 Clifton Road, Room 446, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Walter A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Orenstein
mesh_terms: D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D011051:Poliomyelitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D023321:Poliovirus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D014611:Vaccination / Q000266:history / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D023321:Poliovirus Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated
keywords: disease eradication; inactivated polio vaccine; polio end game; vaccine technology