title: Water deficit during pit hardening enhances phytoprostanes content, a plant biomarker of oxidative stress, in extra virgin olive oil.
abstract: No previous information exists on the effects of water deficit on the phytoprostanes (PhytoPs) content in extra virgin olive oil from fruits of mature olive (Olea europaea L. cv. Cornicabra) trees during pit hardening. PhytoPs profile in extra virgin olive oil was characterized by the presence of 9-F1t-PhytoP, 9-epi-9-F1t-PhytoP, 9-epi-9-D1t-PhytoP, 9-D1t-PhytoP, 16-B1-PhytoP + ent-16-B1-PhytoP, and 9-L1-PhytoP + ent-9-L1-PhytoP. The qualitative and quantitative differences in PhytoPs content with respect to those reported by other authors indicate a decisive effect of cultivar, oil extraction technology, and/or storage conditions prone to autoxidation. The pit hardening period was critical for extra virgin olive oil composition because water deficit enhanced the PhytoPs content, with the concomitant potential beneficial aspects on human health. From a physiological and agronomical point of view, 9-F1t-PhytoP, 9-epi-9-F1t-PhytoP, and 16-B1-PhytoP + ent-16-B1-PhytoP could be considered as early candidate biomarkers of water stress in olive tree.
authors.affiliation: †Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Jacinta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Collado-González
authors.affiliation: §Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Fitotecnia, Escuela de Ingenierı́a Técnica Agrícola, Technical University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pérez-López
authors.affiliation: #Centro Agrario "El Chaparrillo", Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: Houssem
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Memmi
authors.affiliation: #Centro Agrario "El Chaparrillo", Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: M Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gijón
authors.affiliation: †Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.affiliation: ΔFaculty of Pharmacy, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 - CNRS - University Montpellier I and II - ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.affiliation: ΔFaculty of Pharmacy, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 - CNRS - University Montpellier I and II - ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guy
authors.affiliation: ΔFaculty of Pharmacy, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 - CNRS - University Montpellier I and II - ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Galano
authors.affiliation: †Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ferreres
authors.affiliation: ⊥Department of Irrigation, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, E-30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torrecillas
authors.affiliation: †Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gil-Izquierdo
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D031658:Olea / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000069463:Olive Oil / Q000737:chemistry*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D000069463:Olive Oil; D014867:Water
keywords: UHPLC; mass spectrometry; olive oil; phytoprostanes; water deficit