title: Gene targeting by the TAL effector PthXo2 reveals cryptic resistance gene for bacterial blight of rice.
abstract: Bacterial blight of rice is caused by the γ-proteobacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, which utilizes a group of type III TAL (transcription activator-like) effectors to induce host gene expression and condition host susceptibility. Five SWEET genes are functionally redundant to support bacterial disease, but only two were experimentally proven targets of natural TAL effectors. Here, we report the identification of the sucrose transporter gene OsSWEET13 as the disease-susceptibility gene for PthXo2 and the existence of cryptic recessive resistance to PthXo2-dependent X. oryzae pv. oryzae due to promoter variations of OsSWEET13 in japonica rice. PthXo2-containing strains induce OsSWEET13 in indica rice IR24 due to the presence of an unpredicted and undescribed effector binding site not present in the alleles in japonica rice Nipponbare and Kitaake. The specificity of effector-associated gene induction and disease susceptibility is attributable to a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), which is also found in a polymorphic allele of OsSWEET13 known as the recessive resistance gene xa25 from the rice cultivar Minghui 63. The mutation of OsSWEET13 with CRISPR/Cas9 technology further corroborates the requirement of OsSWEET13 expression for the state of PthXo2-dependent disease susceptibility to X. oryzae pv. oryzae. Gene profiling of a collection of 104 strains revealed OsSWEET13 induction by 42 isolates of X. oryzae pv. oryzae. Heterologous expression of OsSWEET13 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf cells elevates sucrose concentrations in the apoplasm. The results corroborate a model whereby X. oryzae pv. oryzae enhances the release of sucrose from host cells in order to exploit the host resources.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
authors.forename: Junhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
authors.forename: Zhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.|Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops in Eastern China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Juying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: Carnegie Institute for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sosso
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Carnegie Institute for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Joon-Seob
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Eom
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
authors.forename: Sanzhen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines.
authors.forename: Casiana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vera Cruz
authors.affiliation: Carnegie Institute for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Wolf B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Frommer
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
authors.forename: Frank F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012275:Oryza / Q000378:metabolism*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D014974:Xanthomonas / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins
keywords: Oryza sativa; OsSWEET13; PthXo2; TAL effector; Xanthomonas; bacterial blight; rice; xa25