title: Elevated whole blood viscosity is associated with insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Accumulating evidences demonstrate that abnormalities in whole blood viscosity (WBV) have been implicated in insulin resistance which may lead to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, epidemiological studies exploring the association between WBV and NAFLD were not available.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to evaluate the association between WBV levels and risk of prevalent NAFLD.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional population-based study performed in Shanghai, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 8673 participants aged 40 years or older were included.
  
  
  METHODS
  WBV was calculated from haematocrit and plasma protein concentration, at a shear rate of 208(-1) s, by a validated equation. NAFLD was diagnosed by hepatic ultrasound after the exclusion of alcohol abuse and other liver diseases. Insulin resistance (IR) was assessed by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall prevalence of NAFLD was 30·2% in this population. With the increase of WBV level, participants have larger waist circumference (WC), more severe insulin resistance and the prevalence of NAFLD increased significantly with elevated WBV quartiles. Compared with those in the lowest quartiles, adults in the highest quartile of WBV levels have higher prevalence of NAFLD (adjusted odds ratio 1·77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1·48-2·13) and IR (2·72, 95% CI 2·26-3·27).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated WBV is associated with prevalence of NAFLD and IR in middle-aged and elderly Chinese population.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, The National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, E-Institute of Shanghai Universities, Shanghai, China.|Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Hong-yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, The National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, E-Institute of Shanghai Universities, Shanghai, China.|Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, The National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, E-Institute of Shanghai Universities, Shanghai, China.|Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, The National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, E-Institute of Shanghai Universities, Shanghai, China.|Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Tian-ge
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, The National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, E-Institute of Shanghai Universities, Shanghai, China.|Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Wan-wan
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, The National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, E-Institute of Shanghai Universities, Shanghai, China.|Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, The National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, E-Institute of Shanghai Universities, Shanghai, China.|Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yu-fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, The National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, E-Institute of Shanghai Universities, Shanghai, China.|Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Wei-qing
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, The National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, E-Institute of Shanghai Universities, Shanghai, China.|Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ning
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D001809:Blood Viscosity / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000097:blood*; D012307:Risk Factors; D055105:Waist Circumference / Q000502:physiology