title: Phthisis bulbi: clinical and pathologic findings in retinoblastoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Phthisis bulbi represents an ocular end-stage disease characterized by shrinkage and disorganization of the eye. We aim at identifying the pathologic changes of phthisis bulbi associated with retinoblastoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective observational case series study.
  
  
  METHODS
  16 enucleated eyes were enrolled retrospectively between 2007 and 2012. Pathologic gross and microscopic findings were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cases showed grossly shrunken eyes with a mean volume of 4.3 cc. Sclera was markedly thickened in the majority of cases with mean of 2272.8 μ. Choroid showed an average thickness of 1029 μ. Necrosis, dystrophic calcification, ossification, gliosis, residual viable tumor was identified in many cases. Pathologic high risk factors were seen in three specimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that retinoblastoma must be considered in the differential diagnosis of phthisis bulbi in the pediatric patients and active tumor was present in half of the patients.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Surgical Pathology.
authors.forename: Hala
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Taha
authors.forename: Hoda Z
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Amer
authors.forename: Hosam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: El-Zomor
authors.forename: Adel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alieldin
authors.forename: Radwa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nour
authors.forename: Rokayya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Konsowa
authors.forename: Wael
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zekri
authors.forename: Enas
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: El Nadi
authors.forename: Ahmad Samir
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Alfaar
mesh_terms: D002114:Calcinosis / Q000473:pathology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: eye tumors; phthisis bulbi; retinoblastoma