title: A formin-nucleated actin aster concentrates cell wall hydrolases for cell fusion in fission yeast.
abstract: Cell-cell fusion is essential for fertilization. For fusion of walled cells, the cell wall must be degraded at a precise location but maintained in surrounding regions to protect against lysis. In fission yeast cells, the formin Fus1, which nucleates linear actin filaments, is essential for this process. In this paper, we show that this formin organizes a specific actin structure-the actin fusion focus. Structured illumination microscopy and live-cell imaging of Fus1, actin, and type V myosins revealed an aster of actin filaments whose barbed ends are focalized near the plasma membrane. Focalization requires Fus1 and type V myosins and happens asynchronously always in the M cell first. Type V myosins are essential for fusion and concentrate cell wall hydrolases, but not cell wall synthases, at the fusion focus. Thus, the fusion focus focalizes cell wall dissolution within a broader cell wall synthesis zone to shift from cell growth to cell fusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Fundamental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Omaya
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dudin
authors.affiliation: Department of Fundamental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Felipe O
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Bendezú
authors.affiliation: Department of Fundamental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Groux
authors.affiliation: Bioimaging and Optics Core Facility, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Laroche
authors.affiliation: Bioimaging and Optics Core Facility, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seitz
authors.affiliation: Department of Fundamental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland sophie.martin@unil.ch.
authors.forename: Sophie G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism; D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D002459:Cell Fusion; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism*; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006867:Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D024701:Myosin Type V / Q000378:metabolism*; D009218:Myosins / Q000378:metabolism; D012568:Schizosaccharomyces / Q000166:cytology*; D029702:Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D029702:Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins; C490025:fus1 protein, S pombe; D006867:Hydrolases; C554097:Myo52 protein, S pombe; D024701:Myosin Type V; C554096:Myo51 protein, S pombe; D009218:Myosins
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Oct 17;103(42):15517-22
references.pmid: 17032641
references.citation: BMC Genomics. 2006;7:303
references.pmid: 17137508
references.citation: Trends Cell Biol. 2007 Mar;17(3):107-17
references.pmid: 17275303
references.citation: Cell Struct Funct. 2006;31(2):181-95
references.pmid: 17202724
references.citation: Yeast. 2007 Apr;24(4):279-88
references.pmid: 17315266
references.citation: Dev Cell. 2007 Apr;12(4):557-69
references.pmid: 17419994
references.citation: Dev Cell. 2007 Apr;12(4):571-86
references.pmid: 17419995
references.citation: J Cell Sci. 2007 May 1;120(Pt 9):1635-45
references.pmid: 17452625
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 2007 Aug 27;178(5):765-71
references.pmid: 17724118
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 2007 Oct 22;179(2):229-38
references.pmid: 17954606
references.citation: Development. 2007 Dec;134(24):4357-67
references.pmid: 18003739
references.citation: Fungal Genet Biol. 2008 Apr;45(4):542-53
references.pmid: 17933563
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 2008 May 19;181(4):697-709
references.pmid: 18474625
references.citation: Biophys J. 2008 Jun;94(12):4957-70
references.pmid: 18326650
references.citation: Mol Biol Cell. 2009 Jun;20(12):2909-19
references.pmid: 19403698
references.citation: Eukaryot Cell. 2009 Aug;8(8):1278-86
references.pmid: 19542306
references.citation: J Cell Sci. 2009 Dec 1;122(Pt 23):4330-40
references.pmid: 19887589
references.citation: Eukaryot Cell. 2010 Nov;9(11):1650-60
references.pmid: 20852022
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 2010 Nov 29;191(5):1013-27
references.pmid: 21098115
references.citation: Mol Biol Cell. 2011 Jan 1;22(1):44-53
references.pmid: 21148300
references.citation: Trends Cell Biol. 2011 Mar;21(3):177-87
references.pmid: 21145239
references.citation: Mol Biol Cell. 2011 Oct;22(20):3826-39
references.pmid: 21865598
references.citation: Biophys J. 2011 Oct 19;101(8):1844-53
references.pmid: 22004737
references.citation: Curr Biol. 2011 Dec 20;21(24):2064-9
references.pmid: 22137473
references.citation: Development. 2012 Feb;139(4):641-56
references.pmid: 22274696
references.citation: Mol Biol Cell. 2012 Apr;23(7):1208-18
references.pmid: 22323294
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e40248
references.pmid: 22768263
references.citation: Mol Biol Cell. 2012 Dec;23(23):4579-91
references.pmid: 23051734
references.citation: Curr Biol. 2013 Jan 7;23(1):42-7
references.pmid: 23200991
references.citation: Open Biol. 2013 Mar;3(3):130008
references.pmid: 23466674
references.citation: Science. 2013 Apr 19;340(6130):359-63
references.pmid: 23470732
references.citation: Trends Genet. 2013 Jul;29(7):427-37
references.pmid: 23453622
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 2014 May 12;205(3):357-75
references.pmid: 24798735
references.citation: PLoS One. 2014;9(10):e109780
references.pmid: 25329559
references.citation: Mol Biol Cell. 2015 Jan 1;26(1):78-90
references.pmid: 25355954
references.citation: J Cell Sci. 2001 Jan;114(Pt 1):69-79
references.pmid: 11112691
references.citation: Science. 2001 May 11;292(5519):1167-71
references.pmid: 11349149
references.citation: Mol Biol Cell. 2001 May;12(5):1367-80
references.pmid: 11359928
references.citation: Curr Biol. 2001 Oct 30;11(21):1656-65
references.pmid: 11696322
references.citation: Genes Cells. 2002 Apr;7(4):375-84
references.pmid: 11952834
references.citation: J Cell Sci. 2002 Nov 1;115(Pt 21):4081-96
references.pmid: 12356913
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Oct 29;99(22):14183-8
references.pmid: 12374868
references.citation: J Cell Sci. 2003 May 1;116(Pt 9):1689-98
references.pmid: 12665550
references.citation: Methods. 2004 Jul;33(3):245-51
references.pmid: 15157892
references.citation: Mol Biol Cell. 2004 Aug;15(8):3903-14
references.pmid: 15194814
references.citation: Yeast. 2004 Jul 30;21(10):867-81
references.pmid: 15300681
references.citation: Dev Biol. 2004 Oct 15;274(2):413-25
references.pmid: 15385168
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1992 Jul;118(2):285-99
references.pmid: 1629236
references.citation: Yeast. 1994 Oct;10(10):1347-54
references.pmid: 7900424
references.citation: Mol Cell Biol. 1995 Jul;15(7):3697-707
references.pmid: 7791776
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1996 Dec;135(6 Pt 2):1727-39
references.pmid: 8991086
references.citation: Genetics. 1997 May;146(1):39-55
references.pmid: 9135999
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1997 Aug 11;138(3):615-28
references.pmid: 9245790
references.citation: J Cell Sci. 1998 Apr;111 ( Pt 7):867-76
references.pmid: 9490631
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1998 May 4;141(3):567-84
references.pmid: 9566960
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1998 Jun 1;141(5):1217-28
references.pmid: 9606213
references.citation: Mol Biol Cell. 1998 Jun;9(6):1395-410
references.pmid: 9614182
references.citation: Curr Biol. 1998 Jul 30-Aug 13;8(16):927-30
references.pmid: 9707405
references.citation: Yeast. 1998 Jul;14(10):943-51
references.pmid: 9717240
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 1998 Oct;180(19):5030-7
references.pmid: 9748433
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 2004 Dec 6;167(5):831-40
references.pmid: 15569709
references.citation: Mol Biol Cell. 2005 Jan;16(1):358-71
references.pmid: 15537703
references.citation: J Cell Sci. 2005 Jan 1;118(Pt 1):157-74
references.pmid: 15615781
references.citation: Nat Cell Biol. 2005 Sep;7(9):916-7
references.pmid: 16136186
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 2005 Oct 24;171(2):229-40
references.pmid: 16247025
references.citation: Nat Biotechnol. 2006 Jan;24(1):79-88
references.pmid: 16369541
references.citation: Cell Motil Cytoskeleton. 2006 Mar;63(3):149-61
references.pmid: 16421926
references.citation: Curr Biol. 2006 Jun 20;16(12):1161-70
references.pmid: 16782006