title: Tributyltin chloride leads to adiposity and impairs metabolic functions in the rat liver and pancreas.
abstract: Tributyltin chloride (TBT) is an environmental contaminant used in antifouling paints of boats. Endocrine disruptor effects of TBT are well established in animal models. However, the adverse effects on metabolism are less well understood. The toxicity of TBT in the white adipose tissue (WAT), liver and pancreas of female rats were assessed. Animals were divided into control and TBT (0.1 μg/kg/day) groups. TBT induced an increase in the body weight of the rats by the 15th day of oral exposure. The weight gain was associated with high parametrial (PR) and retroperitoneal (RP) WAT weights. TBT-treatment increased the adiposity, inflammation and expression of ERα and PPARγ proteins in both RP and PR WAT. In 3T3-L1 cells, estrogen treatment reduced lipid droplets accumulation, however increased the ERα protein expression. In contrast, TBT-treatment increased the lipid accumulation and reduced the ERα expression. WAT metabolic changes led to hepatic inflammation, lipid accumulation, increase of PPARγ and reduction of ERα protein expression. Accordingly, there were increases in the glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity tests with increases in the number of pancreatic islets and insulin levels. These findings suggest that TBT leads to adiposity in WAT specifically, impairing the metabolic functions of the liver and pancreas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Bertuloso
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Priscila L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Podratz
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Merlo
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Julia F P
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: de Araújo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leandro C F
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Emilio C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: de Miguel
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leticia N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Agata L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Gava
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, University of São Paulo State, Brazil.
authors.forename: Miriane
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Experimental Endocrinology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leandro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Miranda-Alves
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria T W D
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Carneiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, University of São Paulo State, Brazil.
authors.forename: Celia R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Electronic address: jbgraceli@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jones B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Graceli
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D052438:Adipocytes, White / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D052436:Adipose Tissue, White / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D050154:Adiposity / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D051379:Mice; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors; D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D007328:Insulin; D047495:PPAR gamma; D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds; C011559:tributyltin
keywords: Adiposity; Inflammation; Insulin; Liver; Pancreas; TBT chloride