title: Microbiological quality of selected spices and herbs including the presence of Cronobacter spp.
abstract: The cultivation of spices and herbs in parts of the world characterized by warm climate and high humidity provides excellent conditions for the development of microorganisms, including the undesirable ones. The aim of this study was to determine the microbiological quality of spices and herbs available on the Polish market, considering the occurrence of Cronobacter species bacteria. Analyses covered 60 samples of commercial spices and herbs, including 38 samples of dried herbs (basil, bay leaves, thyme, oregano, tarragon, marjoram, dill, parsley, rosemary, lovage) and 16 samples of seasoning blends as well as 6 samples of spices seeds and fruits (pimento, black pepper, coriander). All samples were tested for the total count of aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB) and for the presence of Cronobacter spp. In most of the samples of spices and herbs (60.0%), the TAMB did not exceed 10(4) CFU/g, and the level regarded as unacceptable (>10(6) CFU/g) was not identified in any of the samples. The presence of Cronobacter spp. was demonstrated in 10 (16.7%) samples of the analyzed products, however these were mainly samples of herbs (basil, tarragon, parsley) and one sample of a seasoning blend (Provence herbs). The highest microbiological contamination (TAMB) was found in samples of herbs (oregano, tarragon, basil) and in ready seasoning blends, in 21.1% and 25.0% of which the total count of aerobic mesophiles was in the range of 10(5)-10(6) CFU/g. In all samples of spices seeds and fruits (coriander, black pepper and pimento), the total count of aerobic bacteria reached <10(4) CFU/g. Results achieved in the study indicate good hygienic conditions in the production process of spices and herbs available on the Polish market. The study demonstrated also that dried spices and herbs may be carriers of Cronobacter species bacteria, though their presence in not often detected in products of this type.
authors.affiliation: Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Inter-department Problem Group for Dairy Industries, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: monika.garbowska@ibprs.pl.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garbowska
authors.affiliation: Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Faculty of Food Sciences, Division of Milk Biotechnology, Nowoursynowska 159c Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berthold-Pluta
authors.affiliation: Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Faculty of Food Sciences, Division of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Nowoursynowska 159c Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stasiak-Różańska
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D059126:Cronobacter / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D010945:Plants, Edible / Q000382:microbiology*; D011044:Poland; D017365:Spices / Q000382:microbiology*
keywords: Cronobacter; Herbs; Microbiological quality; Spices