title: Therapeutic opportunities in the intrinsic subtypes of muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
abstract: Recent studies revealed that muscle-invasive bladder cancers segregate into intrinsic basal and luminal subtypes that are similar to those described for breast cancer. Each subtype is enriched with potentially clinically actionable genomic alterations and epigenetic signatures; there are associations between tumor subtype and sensitivity to conventional cisplatin-based chemotherapy. The authors review biological and clinical characteristics of the intrinsic subtypes and describe their implications for the development of conventional and targeted agents. The role that tumor plasticity seems to play in basal and luminal bladder cancer biology and its potential effects on the development of therapeutic resistance is also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology and Cancer Biology, U.T. M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Electronic address: dmcconke@mdanderson.org.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: McConkey
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology and Cancer Biology, U.T. M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Woonyoung
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology and Cancer Biology, U.T. M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ochoa
authors.affiliation: Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, U.T. M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Arlene
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siefker-Radtke
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, U.T. M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Bogdan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Czerniak
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, U.T. M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Colin P N
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Dinney
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: Basal and luminal; Neoadjuvant chemotherapy; Urothelial cancer