title: Intervention strategies to address multiple micronutrient deficiencies in pregnancy and early childhood.
abstract: Deficiencies of multiple micronutrients are prevalent among women of reproductive age and young children, and represent a risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality in these women and children. The role of multiple micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy and early childhood has been evaluated in randomized trials. Multiple micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy has a positive effect on birthweight and reduces prevalence of low birthweight and small for gestational age babies. It had comparable effects on prevalence of anemia regarding iron-folate supplementation. Multiple micronutrient supplementations in children have been shown to improve linear growth, weight, hemoglobin, serum zinc, serum retinol levels and motor development. Some of the most commonly used strategies to deliver multiple micronutrients include powders (e.g. Sprinkles(®)), crushable tablets (e.g. Foodlets), etc. Multiple micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy and early childhood seems to be an effective way of prevention of micronutrient deficiencies and has a significant protective effect against adverse outcomes related to their deficiencies. Their use on a larger scale should be considered to improve the survival and decrease morbidity and mortality in children and women.
authors.affiliation: Division of Women's and Children's Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Aamer
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Imdad
authors.forename: Zulfiqar A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Bhutta
mesh_terms: D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002657:Child Development / Q000187:drug effects; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007455:Iodine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency; D007501:Iron / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D000090463:Iron Deficiencies; D019266:Iron, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency*; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D015995:Prevalence; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D064167:Recommended Dietary Allowances; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control; D015032:Zinc / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D019266:Iron, Dietary; D018977:Micronutrients; D014801:Vitamin A; D005492:Folic Acid; D007455:Iodine; D007501:Iron; D015032:Zinc