title: Influence of molecular weight and degree of deacetylation of low molecular weight chitosan on the bioactivity of oral insulin preparations.
abstract: The objective of the present study was to prepare and characterize low molecular weight chitosan (LMWC) with different molecular weight and degrees of deacetylation (DDA) and to optimize their use in oral insulin nano delivery systems. Water in oil nanosized systems containing LMWC-insulin polyelectrolyte complexes were constructed and their ability to reduce blood glucose was assessed in vivo on diabetic rats. Upon acid depolymerization and testing by viscosity method, three molecular weights of LMWC namely, 1.3, 13 and 18 kDa were obtained. As for the DDA, three LMWCs of 55%, 80% and 100% DDA were prepared and characterized by spectroscopic methods for each molecular weight. The obtained LMWCs showed different morphological and in silico patterns. Following complexation of LMWCs with insulin, different aggregation sizes were obtained. Moreover, the in vivo tested formulations showed different activities of blood glucose reduction. The highest glucose reduction was achieved with 1.3 kDa LMWC of 55% DDA. The current study emphasizes the importance of optimizing the molecular weight along with the DDA of the incorporated LMWC in oral insulin delivery preparations in order to ensure the highest performance of such delivery systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, P.O. Box 96134, Amman 11196, Jordan. nqinna@uop.edu.jo.
authors.forename: Nidal A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Qinna
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, P.O. Box 96134, Amman 11196, Jordan. KarwiQG@cardiff.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Qutuba G
authors.initials: QG
authors.lastname: Karwi
authors.affiliation: The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company (PLC), Research and Innovation Centre, P.O. Box 94, Naor 11710, Jordan. nawzat@jpm.com.jo.
authors.forename: Nawzat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Al-Jbour
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 5700, Saudi Arabia. mayyas@tu.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Mayyas A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Al-Remawi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, P.O. Box 96134, Amman 11196, Jordan. tawfikh@uop.edu.jo.
authors.forename: Tawfiq M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Alhussainy
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al al-Bayt University, P.O. Box 130040, Mafraq 25113, Jordan. khaldoun@aabu.edu.jo.
authors.forename: Khaldoun A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Al-So'ud
authors.affiliation: The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company (PLC), Research and Innovation Centre, P.O. Box 94, Naor 11710, Jordan. momari@jpm.com.jo.
authors.forename: Mahmoud M H
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Al Omari
authors.affiliation: The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company (PLC), Research and Innovation Centre, P.O. Box 94, Naor 11710, Jordan. jpm@go.com.jo.
authors.forename: Adnan A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Badwan
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004339:Drug Compounding; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061386:Insulin, Regular, Human / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008970:Molecular Weight; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D011897:Random Allocation; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013499:Surface Properties; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004573:Electrolytes; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D061386:Insulin, Regular, Human; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D048271:Chitosan
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