title: Time needed to achieve changes in oxygen concentration at the T-Piece resuscitator during respiratory support in preterm infants in the delivery room.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure the time needed to achieve changes in fraction of inspired oxygen concentration (FiO2) from the oxygen blender to the facemask during simulated neonatal resuscitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two oxygen analyzers were placed at each end of the T-Piece. During simulated ventilation, the duration to achieve the set oxygen concentration at the facemask was measured. This was repeated at different gas flow rates (5 L/min, 8 L/min or 10 L/min) and different FiO2 changes (0.21 to 1.0 to 0.21, with stepwise increases and decreases in 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 increments).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1134 measurements (378 measurements for each flow) were recorded. Overall, the mean (± SD) time required to achieve FiO2 changes at 5 L/min, 8 L/min and 10 L/min was 36±15 s, 31±14 s and 28±14 s, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a lag time of approximately 30 s to achieve the FiO2 at the facemask. This delay needs to be considered when making serial adjustments to FiO2 during neonatal resuscitation.
authors.affiliation: Centre for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Neonatal Research Unit, Royal Alexandra Hospital;
authors.forename: Graeme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Follett
authors.affiliation: Centre for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Neonatal Research Unit, Royal Alexandra Hospital; ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta;
authors.forename: Po-Yin
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.affiliation: Centre for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Neonatal Research Unit, Royal Alexandra Hospital; ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; ; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pichler
authors.affiliation: Centre for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Neonatal Research Unit, Royal Alexandra Hospital; ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta;
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aziz
authors.affiliation: Centre for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Neonatal Research Unit, Royal Alexandra Hospital; ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; ; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Georg M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Schmölzer
keywords: Delivery room; Infant; Neonatal resuscitation; Newborn; Oyxgen delivery
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