title: Histological features of peri-implant bone subjected to overload.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this review has been to investigate the histological findings of bone structure surrounding implants subjected to excessive load.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and pre-clinical histological studies that observed overloaded intraoral implants were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All included studies (n=15) were conducted on animals. Most of them failed to find pathological alteration in the microstructure of bone surrounding overloaded implants. Overload and infection alone may induce bone loss, but related lesions have different and peculiar features.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The different histological features observed around implants subjected to overload or to ligature-induced peri-implantitis may indicate a specific pathogenetic mechanism for overload or infection-induced loss of osseointegration. The clinical significance of these findings should be confirmed in human studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.; Research Center for Oral Implantology (CRIO), IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy.. Electronic address: gaiapellegrini.perio@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gaia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pellegrini
authors.affiliation: Private Practice, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Canullo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dellavia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000069343:Bone-Implant Interface / Q000473:pathology*; D002012:Bruxism / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000009:adverse effects; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants
keywords: Animal study; Dental implant; Histology; Overloading; Peri-implantitis