title: The association between cardiovascular risk and cardiovascular magnetic resonance measures of fibrosis: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Risk scores for cardiovascular disease (CVD) are in common use to integrate multiple cardiovascular risk factors in order to identify individuals at greatest risk for disease. The purpose of this study was to determine if individuals at greater cardiovascular risk have T1 mapping indices by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) indicative of greater myocardial fibrosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  CVD risk scores for 1208 subjects (men, 50.8%) ages 55-94 years old were evaluated in the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) at six centers. T1 times were determined at 1.5Tesla before and after gadolinium administration (0.15 mmol/kg) using a modified Look-Locker pulse sequence. The relationship between CMR measures (native T1, 12 and 25 minute post-gadolinium T1, partition coefficient and extracellular volume fraction) and 14 established different cardiovascular risk scores were determined using regression analysis. Bootstrapping analysis with analysis of variance was used to compare different CMR measures. CVD risk scores were significantly different for men and women (p < 0.001).
  
  
  RESULTS
  25 minute post gadolinium T1 time showed more statistically significant associations with risk scores (10/14 scores, 71%) compared to other CMR indices (e.g. native T1 (7/14 scores, 50%) and partition coefficient (7/14, 50%) in men. Risk scores, particularly the new 2013 AHA/ASCVD risk score, did not correlate with any CMR fibrosis index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Men with greater CVD risk had greater CMR indices of myocardial fibrosis. T1 times at greater delay time (25 minutes) showed better agreement with commonly used risk score indices compared to ECV and native T1 time.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  http://www.mesa-nhlbi.org/, NCT00005487.
authors.forename: Colin J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Colin O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tee
authors.forename: Chia-Ying
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Gustavo J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Volpe
authors.forename: Martin R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Prince
authors.forename: Gregory W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Hundley
authors.forename: Antoinette S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: Rob J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: van der Geest
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heckbert
authors.forename: João A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bluemke
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015897:Comorbidity; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D005682:Gadolinium; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005682:Gadolinium
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