title: Apatite formation on calcined kaolin-white Portland cement geopolymer.
abstract: In this study, calcined kaolin-white Portland cement geopolymer was investigated for use as biomaterial. Sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate were used as activators. In vitro test was performed with simulated body fluid (SBF) for bioactivity characterization. The formation of hydroxyapatite bio-layer on the 28-day soaked samples surface was tested using SEM, EDS and XRD analyses. The results showed that the morphology of hydroxyapatite was affected by the source material composition, alkali concentration and curing temperature. The calcined kaolin-white Portland cement geopolymer with relatively high compressive strength could be fabricated for use as biomaterial. The mix with 50% white Portland cement and 50% calcined kaolin had 28-day compressive strength of 59.0MPa and the hydroxyapatite bio-layer on the 28-day soaked sample surface was clearly evident.
authors.affiliation: Sustainable Infrastructure Research and Development Center, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pangdaeng
authors.affiliation: Sustainable Infrastructure Research and Development Center, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sata
authors.affiliation: C-TAC Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Aguiar
authors.affiliation: C-TAC Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pacheco-Torgal
authors.affiliation: Sustainable Infrastructure Research and Development Center, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. Electronic address: prinya@kku.ac.th.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chindaprasirt
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry*; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D019245:Compressive Strength; D003890:Desiccation / Q000379:methods; D017886:Durapatite / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D006244:Hardness; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007616:Kaolin / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements; D011108:Polymers; D007616:Kaolin; D017886:Durapatite
keywords: Apatite; Geopolymer; Kaolin; Simulated body fluid; White Portland cement