title: PSF: nuclear busy-body or nuclear facilitator?
abstract: PTB-associated splicing factor (PSF) is an abundant and essential nucleic acid-binding protein that participates in a wide range of gene regulatory processes and cellular response pathways. At the protein level, PSF consists of multiple domains, many of which remain poorly characterized. Although grouped in a family with the proteins p54nrb/NONO and PSPC1 based on sequence homology, PSF contains additional protein sequence not included in other family members. Consistently, PSF has also been implicated in functions not ascribed to p54nrb/NONO or PSPC1. Here, we provide a review of the cellular activities in which PSF has been implicated and what is known regarding the mechanisms by which PSF functions in each case. We propose that the complex domain arrangement of PSF allows for its diversity of function and integration of activities. Finally, we discuss recent evidence that individual activities of PSF can be regulated independently from one another through the activity of domain-specific co-factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Yarosh
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Iacona
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Carol S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lutz
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Kristen W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lynch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D000072670:PTB-Associated Splicing Factor; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000072670:PTB-Associated Splicing Factor; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins
references.citation: Biochemistry. 2013 May 21;52(20):3489-501
references.pmid: 23627734
references.citation: Mol Cell. 2009 Feb 13;33(3):365-76
references.pmid: 19217410
references.citation: Blood. 2007 Oct 1;110(7):2600-9
references.pmid: 17537995
references.citation: EMBO J. 2007 Jun 6;26(11):2658-69
references.pmid: 17464285
references.citation: RNA Biol. 2012 Dec;9(12):1429-39
references.pmid: 23131771
references.citation: Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2010 Jul;17(7):853-61
references.pmid: 20526337
references.citation: RNA. 2002 Sep;8(9):1102-11
references.pmid: 12358429
references.citation: PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e58749
references.pmid: 23516550
references.citation: Mol Cell. 2010 Oct 8;40(1):126-37
references.pmid: 20932480
references.citation: Virology. 2013 Jan 20;435(2):329-40
references.pmid: 23158102
references.citation: Cell Signal. 2009 Sep;21(9):1415-22
references.pmid: 19439179
references.citation: Exp Cell Res. 2001 Feb 1;263(1):131-44
references.pmid: 11161712
references.citation: Oncogene. 2003 Aug 7;22(32):5031-44
references.pmid: 12902986
references.citation: RNA. 2006 Jan;12(1):111-21
references.pmid: 16373496
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Aug 15;28(16):3022-30
references.pmid: 10931916
references.citation: Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2013 Feb;23(1):100-8
references.pmid: 23253355
references.citation: Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Oct;27(19):6972-84
references.pmid: 17664280
references.citation: Exp Hematol. 2000 Sep;28(9):1029-38
references.pmid: 11008015
references.citation: Leuk Res. 2011 Jul;35(7):e114-7
references.pmid: 21388681
references.citation: Blood. 2012 Nov 1;120(18):e83-92
references.pmid: 22976956
references.citation: Cell. 1989 Apr 7;57(1):89-101
references.pmid: 2467746
references.citation: J Cell Sci. 2010 Aug 1;123(Pt 15):2596-604
references.pmid: 20605917
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jan 13;101(2):621-6
references.pmid: 14704271
references.citation: Cell. 2009 Feb 20;136(4):688-700
references.pmid: 19239889
references.citation: Mol Biol Cell. 2009 Aug;20(15):3533-42
references.pmid: 19535458
references.citation: Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:204973
references.pmid: 24288667
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Aug 23;102(34):12189-93
references.pmid: 16079199
references.citation: Virology. 2006 Dec 5-20;356(1-2):35-44
references.pmid: 16938326
references.citation: Cell. 2009 Feb 20;136(4):701-18
references.pmid: 19239890
references.citation: Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2009 Jun;19(3):267-76
references.pmid: 19362464
references.citation: Dev Dyn. 2007 May;236(5):1347-57
references.pmid: 17393485
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e35678
references.pmid: 22558197
references.citation: Mol Cell. 2013 Jun 6;50(5):613-23
references.pmid: 23746349
references.citation: Nat Cell Biol. 2006 Jul;8(7):756-63
references.pmid: 16767080
references.citation: Nat Rev Genet. 2014 Oct;15(10):689-701
references.pmid: 25112293
references.citation: Biol Reprod. 2006 Sep;75(3):352-9
references.pmid: 16641145
references.citation: Mol Biol Cell. 2001 Aug;12(8):2328-40
references.pmid: 11514619
references.citation: Nature. 2013 Jul 11;499(7457):172-7
references.pmid: 23846655
references.citation: FEBS J. 2005 May;272(9):2118-31
references.pmid: 15853797
references.citation: Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Jun;16(6):214-20
references.pmid: 1716386
references.citation: Nat Methods. 2004 Nov;1(2):119-26
references.pmid: 15782174
references.citation: Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Jul;27(13):4863-75
references.pmid: 17452459
references.citation: Mol Biol Cell. 2009 Aug;20(15):3543-51
references.pmid: 19477923
references.citation: Mol Biol Cell. 2014 Jan;25(1):169-83
references.pmid: 24173718
references.citation: EMBO J. 1992 Jul;11(7):2655-64
references.pmid: 1628625
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2006 Jul 28;281(30):20940-8
references.pmid: 16731528
references.citation: Science. 2002 Dec 13;298(5601):2205-8
references.pmid: 12411573
references.citation: J Mol Biol. 2010 Sep 17;402(2):412-27
references.pmid: 20673833
references.citation: RNA. 1997 Dec;3(12):1444-55
references.pmid: 9404895
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2014 Aug 15;451(1):24-9
references.pmid: 25019984
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2011 Feb 4;286(5):3451-9
references.pmid: 21106524
references.citation: Mol Biol Cell. 2005 Nov;16(11):5304-15
references.pmid: 16148043
references.citation: Genome Biol. 2009;10(7):227
references.pmid: 19664169
references.citation: J Am Soc Mass Spectrom. 2010 Jan;21(1):88-96
references.pmid: 19850496
references.citation: J Mol Neurosci. 2011 Nov;45(3):453-66
references.pmid: 21881826
references.citation: Genes Dev. 1991 Jul;5(7):1237-51
references.pmid: 1906036
references.citation: Mol Biol Cell. 2005 May;16(5):2395-413
references.pmid: 15758027
references.citation: RNA. 2002 Oct;8(10):1334-47
references.pmid: 12403470
references.citation: Cell. 2012 May 11;149(4):753-67
references.pmid: 22579281
references.citation: Br J Cancer. 2014 Aug 12;111(4):736-48
references.pmid: 25025966
references.citation: PLoS Pathog. 2011 Nov;7(11):e1002397
references.pmid: 22114566
references.citation: J Cell Biochem. 2001;81(3):379-92
references.pmid: 11255221
references.citation: Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Jun;20(11):4036-48
references.pmid: 10805746
references.citation: DNA Repair (Amst). 2011 Mar 7;10(3):252-9
references.pmid: 21144806
references.citation: Mol Cell. 2014 Feb 6;53(3):393-406
references.pmid: 24507715
references.citation: EMBO J. 2013 Jun 12;32(12):1665-80
references.pmid: 23644382
references.citation: Cell Cycle. 2010 Apr 15;9(8):1568-76
references.pmid: 20421735
references.citation: Trends Biochem Sci. 2011 Aug;36(8):397-404
references.pmid: 21596569
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Sep 29;106(39):16794-8
references.pmid: 19805375
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2012 May;40(9):4025-39
references.pmid: 22210893
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Jul 23;110(30):E2802-11
references.pmid: 23836656
references.citation: FEBS Lett. 2002 Nov 6;531(2):109-14
references.pmid: 12417296
references.citation: Nature. 2012 Mar 15;483(7389):336-40
references.pmid: 22398450
references.citation: Mol Cell Biol. 2003 Sep;23(18):6618-30
references.pmid: 12944487
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2009 Jul;37(13):4296-307
references.pmid: 19447914
references.citation: Mol Cell Proteomics. 2015 Jan;14(1):50-65
references.pmid: 25326457
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011 Nov 4;414(4):743-9
references.pmid: 22001927
references.citation: Cell Mol Life Sci. 2012 Sep;69(18):3027-36
references.pmid: 22476590
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2012 Nov 1;40(20):10287-301
references.pmid: 22941645
references.citation: Mol Cell Biol. 2001 Apr;21(7):2298-311
references.pmid: 11259580
references.citation: Genes Dev. 2007 Jul 15;21(14):1779-89
references.pmid: 17639083
references.citation: Nat Genet. 2002 Apr;30(4):377-84
references.pmid: 11925564
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Apr;39(8):3064-78
references.pmid: 21177649
references.citation: Mol Cell Biol. 2005 Aug;25(15):6734-46
references.pmid: 16024807
references.citation: Cell. 2001 Aug 24;106(4):465-75
references.pmid: 11525732
references.citation: FEBS Lett. 2007 Jan 23;581(2):223-32
references.pmid: 17188683
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 2009 Sep 7;186(5):637-44
references.pmid: 19720872
references.citation: Mol Endocrinol. 2011 Jul;25(7):1197-210
references.pmid: 21566083
references.citation: EMBO J. 2000 Dec 1;19(23):6569-81
references.pmid: 11101529
references.citation: Cell Death Differ. 2014 Jan;21(1):161-71
references.pmid: 24141718
references.citation: Mol Cell. 2009 Aug 28;35(4):467-78
references.pmid: 19716791
references.citation: RNA. 1998 Dec;4(12):1493-9
references.pmid: 9848648
references.citation: Trends Biochem Sci. 2010 Jul;35(7):377-83
references.pmid: 20382028
references.citation: Cell. 2012 May 11;149(4):768-79
references.pmid: 22579282
references.citation: RNA. 2007 Jul;13(7):1103-15
references.pmid: 17507659
references.citation: Mol Cell. 2015 Jan 8;57(1):7-22
references.pmid: 25482510
references.citation: PLoS One. 2013;8(5):e63941
references.pmid: 23737958
references.citation: Trends Biochem Sci. 2014 Mar;39(3):141-9
references.pmid: 24534650
references.citation: Cell. 2005 Oct 21;123(2):249-63
references.pmid: 16239143
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1995 Jun 2;270(22):13415-21
references.pmid: 7768943
references.citation: Nature. 1994 Dec 1;372(6505):432-8
references.pmid: 7984237
references.citation: Mol Cell. 2003 Jul;12(1):5-14
references.pmid: 12887888
references.citation: Mol Autism. 2013 Sep 04;4(1):30
references.pmid: 24007566
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan;39(1):132-45
references.pmid: 20813759
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Nov 9;101(45):15974-9
references.pmid: 15492211
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Apr 20;43(7):3826-40
references.pmid: 25765647
references.citation: Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2010 Jul;2(7):a000687
references.pmid: 20573717
references.citation: FEBS Lett. 1996 Jul 1;389(2):191-4
references.pmid: 8766827
references.citation: Protein Sci. 2010 Apr;19(4):658-69
references.pmid: 20082308
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2008 Jan 4;283(1):57-65
references.pmid: 17965020
references.citation: Science. 2011 Jun 17;332(6036):1436-9
references.pmid: 21680841
references.citation: J Cell Biochem. 2002;86(2):394-402
references.pmid: 12112008
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Aug 4;106(31):12956-61
references.pmid: 19625619
references.citation: Genes Dev. 1993 Mar;7(3):393-406
references.pmid: 8449401
references.citation: EMBO J. 1994 Jul 15;13(14):3356-67
references.pmid: 8045264
references.citation: BMC Genomics. 2011;12:624
references.pmid: 22185324
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014 Jun;1839(6):517-25
references.pmid: 24632473
references.citation: Mol Cell. 2012 Jul 13;47(1):16-26
references.pmid: 22705372
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Mar 27;109(13):4846-50
references.pmid: 22416126