title: The Association of Prenatal Exposure to Perfluorinated Chemicals with Maternal Essential and Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids during Pregnancy and the Birth Weight of Their Offspring: The Hokkaido Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fatty acids (FAs) are essential for fetal growth. Exposure to perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) may disrupt FA homeostasis, but there are no epidemiological data regarding associations of PFCs and FA concentrations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We estimated associations between perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)/perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) concentrations and maternal levels of FAs and triglyceride (TG) and birth size of the offspring.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 306 mother-child pairs in this birth cohort between 2002 and 2005 in Japan. The prenatal PFOS and PFOA levels were measured in maternal serum samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Maternal blood levels of nine FAs and TG were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and TG E-Test Wako kits, respectively. Information on infants' birth size was obtained from participant medical records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median PFOS and PFOA levels were 5.6 and 1.4 ng/mL, respectively. In the fully adjusted model, including maternal age, parity, annual household income, blood sampling period, alcohol consumption, and smoking during pregnancy, PFOS but not PFOA had a negative association with the levels of palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic, linoleic, α-linolenic, and arachidonic acids (p < 0.005) and TG (p-value = 0.016). Female infants weighed 186.6 g less with mothers whose PFOS levels were in the fourth quartile compared with the first quartile (95% CI: -363.4, -9.8). We observed no significant association between maternal levels of PFOS and birth weight of male infants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest an inverse association between PFOS exposure and polyunsaturated FA levels in pregnant women. We also found a negative association between maternal PFOS levels and female birth weight.
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kishi
authors.forename: Tamie
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Houman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goudarzi
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Seiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Emiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Chihiro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miyashita
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.forename: Tamiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikeno
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000097:blood*; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000187:drug effects*; D002210:Caprylates / Q000097:blood*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000097:blood*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D002210:Caprylates; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D014280:Triglycerides; C023036:perfluorooctanoic acid; C076994:perfluorooctane sulfonic acid
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