title: Testing whether the DSM-5 personality disorder trait model can be measured with a reduced set of items: An item response theory investigation of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5.
abstract: The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) includes an alternative model of personality disorders (PDs) in Section III, consisting in part of a pathological personality trait model. To date, the 220-item Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5; Krueger, Derringer, Markon, Watson, & Skodol, 2012) is the only extant self-report instrument explicitly developed to measure this pathological trait model. The present study used item response theory-based analyses in a large sample (n = 1,417) to investigate whether a reduced set of 100 items could be identified from the PID-5 that could measure the 25 traits and 5 domains. This reduced set of PID-5 items was then tested in a community sample of adults currently receiving psychological treatment (n = 109). Across a wide range of criterion variables including NEO PI-R domains and facets, DSM-5 Section II PD scores, and externalizing and internalizing outcomes, the correlational profiles of the original and reduced versions of the PID-5 were nearly identical (rICC = .995). These results provide strong support for the hypothesis that an abbreviated set of PID-5 items can be used to reliably, validly, and efficiently assess these personality disorder traits. The ability to assess the DSM-5 Section III traits using only 100 items has important implications in that it suggests these traits could still be measured in settings in which assessment-related resources (e.g., time, compensation) are limited.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Georgia.
authors.forename: Jessica L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Maples
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Georgia.
authors.forename: Nathan T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Lauren R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Few
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Crego
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky.
authors.forename: Whitney L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Gore
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Purdue University.
authors.forename: Douglas B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Samuel
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Georgia.
authors.forename: Rachel L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Purdue University.
authors.forename: Donald R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Lynam
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky.
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Widiger
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Iowa.
authors.forename: Kristian E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Markon
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota.
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Krueger
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Georgia.
authors.forename: Joshua D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057566:Self Report