title: Investigation of a Novel PLGA/CaP Scaffold in the Healing of Tooth Extraction Sockets to Alveolar Bone Preservation in Humans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is expected that 40% to 60% of initial alveolar bone volume will be lost up to 6 months after tooth extraction. OsteoScaf(TM) (TRT, Toronto, ON, Canada) (poly (DL-lactide-co-glycololide/calcium phosphate [PLGA/CaP] scaffold) is a novel bone substitute material and represents a promising alternative for maintaining alveolar bone integrity in this clinical scenario.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Here it was hypothesized that OsteoScaf would reduce alveolar bone lost after tooth extraction in patient, acting as a clot-retention device.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 10 patients (32 sockets) were included in the study, of which 16 sockets were grafted with OsteoScaf and 16 were used as control (coagulum alone). Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed both immediately following extraction and also at 120 days postoperatively, at which time biopsy samples were also harvested for histological analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Quantitative analysis of CBCT showed less bone resorption in the OsteoScaf groups, being 10.5% to 14.4% less bone lost in the center of the socket, 15.4% in the buccal region, and 12.6% in the palatal. Qualitative histological analysis showed new bone tissue in direct apposition to the scaffold - demonstrating its osteoconductive nature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OsteoScaf diminished the expected bone lost during the postextraction remodeling of the alveolar bone ridge at 120 days postextraction.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Stomatology and Oral Surgery Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.|Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Ana Claudia
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Araujo-Pires
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.|Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Vanessa Cristina
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Stomatology and Oral Surgery Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Osny
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ferreira-Junior
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Stomatology and Oral Surgery Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.|Surgery and Integrated Clinic, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Sérgio Perri
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Limin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.|Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: John Edward
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Davies
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000517:prevention & control; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects*; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000502:physiology*; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid
keywords: CBCT imaging; alveolar bone remodeling; biomaterials; bone regeneration; bone substitutes; bone tissue engineering; clinical study; extraction socket; histological analysis; micro-CT