title: Simultaneous multi-slice Turbo-FLASH imaging with CAIPIRINHA for whole brain distortion-free pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling at 3 and 7 T.
abstract: Simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) or multiband (MB) imaging has recently been attempted for arterial spin labeled (ASL) perfusion MRI in conjunction with echo-planar imaging (EPI) readout. It was found that SMS-EPI can reduce the T1 relaxation effect of the label and improve image coverage and resolution with little penalty in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). However, EPI still suffers from geometric distortion and signal dropout from field inhomogeneity effects especially at high and ultrahigh magnetic fields. Here we present a novel scheme for achieving high fidelity distortion-free quantitative perfusion imaging by combining pseudo-continuous ASL (pCASL) with SMS Turbo-FLASH (TFL) readout at both 3 and 7 T. Bloch equation simulation was performed to characterize and optimize the TFL-based pCASL perfusion signal. Two MB factors (3 and 5) were implemented in SMS-TFL pCASL and compared with standard 2D TFL and EPI pCASL sequences. The temporal SNR of SMS-TFL pCASL relative to that of standard TFL pCASL was 0.76 ± 0.10 and 0.74 ± 0.11 at 7 T and 0.70 ± 0.05 and 0.65 ± 0.05 at 3T for MB factor of 3 and 5, respectively. By implementing background suppression in conjunction with SMS-TFL at 3T, the relative temporal SNR improved to 0.84 ± 0.09 and 0.79 ± 0.10 for MB factor of 3 and 5, respectively. Compared to EPI pCASL, significantly increased temporal SNR (p<0.001) and improved visualization of orbitofrontal cortex were achieved using SMS-TFL pCASL. By combining SMS acceleration with TFL pCASL, we demonstrated the feasibility for whole brain distortion-free quantitative mapping of cerebral blood flow at high and ultrahigh magnetic fields.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of FMRI Technology (LOFT), Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Center of Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Steen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moeller
authors.affiliation: Center of Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Xiufeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Center of Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: An T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Vu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of FMRI Technology (LOFT), Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krasileva
authors.affiliation: Center of Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Kamil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ugurbil
authors.affiliation: Center of Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Essa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yacoub
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of FMRI Technology (LOFT), Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Electronic address: jwang71@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Danny J J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D003198:Computer Simulation; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D055420:Perfusion Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio; D013113:Spin Labels; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D013113:Spin Labels
keywords: Arterial spin labeling (ASL); Cerebral blood flow (CBF); Multiband (MB); Simultaneous multi-slice (SMS); Turbo-FLASH (TFL)
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