title: Juvenile Swine Surgical Alveolar Cleft Model to Test Novel Autologous Stem Cell Therapies.
abstract: Reconstruction of craniofacial congenital bone defects has historically relied on autologous bone grafts. Engineered bone using mesenchymal stem cells from the umbilical cord on electrospun nanomicrofiber scaffolds offers an alternative to current treatments. This preclinical study presents the development of a juvenile swine model with a surgically created maxillary cleft defect for future testing of tissue-engineered implants for bone generation. Five-week-old pigs (n=6) underwent surgically created maxillary (alveolar) defects to determine critical-sized defect and the quality of treatment outcomes with rib, iliac crest cancellous bone, and tissue-engineered scaffolds. Pigs were sacrificed at 1 month. Computed tomography scans were obtained at days 0 and 30, at the time of euthanasia. Histological evaluation was performed on newly formed bone within the surgical defect. A 1 cm surgically created defect healed with no treatment, the 2 cm defect did not heal. A subsequently created 1.7 cm defect, physiologically similar to a congenitally occurring alveolar cleft in humans, from the central incisor to the canine, similarly did not heal. Rib graft treatment did not incorporate into adjacent normal bone; cancellous bone and the tissue-engineered graft healed the critical-sized defect. This work establishes a juvenile swine alveolar cleft model with critical-sized defect approaching 1.7 cm. Both cancellous bone and tissue engineered graft generated bridging bone formation in the surgically created alveolar cleft defect.
authors.affiliation: 1 Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caballero
authors.affiliation: 2 Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Justin C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Morse
authors.affiliation: 3 General Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center , Maywood, Illinois.
authors.forename: Alexandra E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Halevi
authors.affiliation: 4 Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rambam Medical Center , Haifa, Israel .
authors.forename: Omri
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Emodi
authors.affiliation: 5 Plastic Surgery, Kapiolani Hospital for Women and Children , Honolulu, Hawaii.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Pharaon
authors.affiliation: 2 Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Jeyhan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.affiliation: 1 Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: van Aalst
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002102:Cadaver; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D008437:Maxilla / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D010012:Osteogenesis; D013552:Swine; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous
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