title: Evaluation of Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Leaves of Ocimum tenuiflorum (Lamiaceae) and Prediction of Biological Activity of its Phytoconstituents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to evaluate the anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of hydroalcoholic extract of leaves of Ocimum tenuiflorum (Lamiaceae) and prediction of biological activities of its phytoconstituents using in vivo anti-diabetic model and in silico analysis respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  The leaves of O. tenuiflorum were extracted with 60% ethanol, and the extract was used for further pharmacological screening. The acute toxicity of the extract was evaluated as per the guidelines set by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, revised draft guidelines 423. The oral anti-diabetic activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of O. tenuiflorum (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) was studied against streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg/kg; i.p.) + nicotinamide (120 mg/kg; i.p.) induced diabetes mellitus. The animals were treated with the investigational plant extract and standard drug (glibenclamide) for 21 consecutive days and the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of O. tenuiflorum on blood glucose levels was measured at regular intervals. At the end of the study, blood samples were collected from all the animals for biochemical estimation, then the animals were sacrificed and the liver and kidney were collected for organ weight analysis. Prediction for pharmacological and toxicological properties of phytoconstituents of O. tenuiflorum was carried out using online web tools such as online pass prediction and lazar toxicity prediction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The hydroalcoholic extract of O. tenuiflorum showed significant anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic activity at 250 and 500 mg/kg, and this effect was comparable with that of glibenclamide. Predicted biological activities of phytoconstituents of O. tenuiflorum showed presence of various pharmacological actions, which includes anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic activities. Prediction of toxicological properties of phytoconstituents of O. tenuiflorum did not show any major toxic effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hydroalcoholic extract of O. tenuiflorum showed significant anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic activity against STZ + nicotinamide induced diabetes mellitus in rats. Further studies are required to confirm the anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic activities of individual phytoconstituents of O. tenuiflorum.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Subramani
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parasuraman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Subramani
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Balamurugan
authors.affiliation: Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Parayil Varghese
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Christapher
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Ultra College of Pharmacy, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Rajendran Ramesh
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Petchi
authors.affiliation: Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Wong Yeng
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Yeng
authors.affiliation: Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Jeyabalan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sujithra
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Ultra College of Pharmacy, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Chockalingam
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vijaya
keywords: Anti-diabetic activity; Anti-hyperlipidemic activity; In silico analysis; Ocimum tenuiflorum; Phytoconstituents
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