title: Standard versus trans-epithelial collagen cross-linking in keratoconus patients suitable for standard collagen cross-linking.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluating the clinical results of trans-epithelial collagen cross-linking (CXL) and standard CXL in patients with progressive keratoconus.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study comprised 20 eyes of 20 patients with progressive keratoconus. Ten eyes were treated by standard CXL and ten by trans-epithelial cross-linking (TE-CXL, epithelium on) with 1 year of follow-up. All patients underwent complete ophthalmologic testing that included pre- and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity, corrected visual acuity, spherical error, spherical equivalent, corneal astigmatism, simulated maximum, minimum, and average keratometry, coma and spherical aberration, optical pachymetry, and endothelial cell density. Intra-and postoperative complications were recorded. The solution used for standard CXL comprised riboflavin 0.1% and dextran 20.0% (Ricrolin), while the solution for TE-CXL (Ricrolin, TE) comprised riboflavin 0.1%, dextran 15.0%, trometamol (Tris), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Ultraviolet-A treatment was performed with UV-X System at 3 mW/cm(2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both the standard CXL group (ten patients, ten eyes; mean age, 30.4±7.3 years) and the TE-CXL group (ten patients, ten eyes; mean age, 28±3.8 years), uncorrected visual acuity and corrected visual acuity improved significantly after treatment. Furthermore, a significant improvement in topographic outcomes, spherical error, and spherical equivalent was observed in both groups at month 12 posttreatment. No significant variations were recorded in other parameters. No complications were noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A 1-year follow-up showed stability of clinical and refractive outcomes after standard CXL and TE-CXL.
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Eye Clinic, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Eye Clinic, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orrico
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Eye Clinic, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santamaria
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Eye Clinic, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Eye Clinic, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Rosa
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Eye Clinic, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Simonelli
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Eye Clinic, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Rosa
keywords: corneal disease; corneal thickness; keratoconus; refractive outcomes; surgical technique
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