title: Maternal lifestyle during pregnancy and child psychomotor development - Polish Mother and Child Cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nowadays special attention is paid to prenatal exposures to maternal lifestyle factors and their impact on a child development.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of modifiable maternal lifestyle factors on child neurodevelopment based on the Polish Mother and Child Cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The current analysis included 538 mother-child pairs. The following factors related to maternal lifestyle were considered: smoking and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure (based on the cotinine level in maternal saliva measured using LC-ESI+MS/MS method), alcohol consumption and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in pregnancy, pre-pregnancy BMI, and folic acid supplementations before and during pregnancy based on questionnaire data. Psychomotor development was assessed in children at the ages of one and two by the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant association was observed between prenatal exposure to tobacco constituents and a decreased child motor development in assessments performed at both ages (β=-0.8, p=0.01; β=-1.4, p<0.001). Maternal pre-pregnancy underweight was associated with decreased language abilities at 12 months of age (β=-5.2, p=0.01) and cognitive and motor development at 24 months of age, for which the associations were of borderline significance (p=0.06). The recommended level of LTPA during pregnancy was beneficial for child language development at two years of age (β=4.8, p=0.02). For alcohol and folic acid consumption there were no significant associations with any of the analyzed domains of child neurodevelopment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children prenatally exposed to tobacco compounds and those of underweight mothers had a decreased psychomotor development. The recommended level of LTPA during pregnancy had positive impact on child development. These results underscore the importance of policies and public health interventions promoting healthy lifestyle among women in reproductive age and during pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy Street, 91-348 Lodz, Poland. Electronic address: kinga@imp.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Kinga
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Polańska
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy Street, 91-348 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Muszyński
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy Street, 91-348 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sobala
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy Street, 91-348 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Emila
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dziewirska
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Work Psychology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Merecz-Kot
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy Street, 91-348 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hanke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007804:Language Development; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D009043:Motor Activity; D011044:Poland; D011247:Pregnancy; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
keywords: Alcohol; BMI; Children; Cotinine; Folic acid; Leisure-time physical activity; Neurodevelopment