title: Electrochemical assay to detect influenza viruses and measure drug susceptibility.
abstract: An electrochemical assay has been designed to rapidly diagnose influenza viruses. Exposure of a glucose-bearing substrate to influenza viruses or its enzyme, neuraminidase (NA), releases glucose, which was detected amperometrically. Two methods were used to detect released glucose. First, we used a standard glucose blood meter to detect two viral NAs and three influenza strains. We also demonstrated drug susceptibility of two antivirals, Zanamivir and Oseltamivir, using the assay. Finally, we used disposable test strips to detect nineteen H1N1 and H3N2 influenza strains using this assay in one hour. The limit and range of detection of this first generation assay is 10(2) and 10(2)-10(8) plaque forming units (pfu), respectively. Current user-friendly glucose meters can be repurposed to detect influenza viruses.
authors.affiliation: 788 Petit Science Center, Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA-30302 (USA).
authors.forename: Xiaohu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Abasaheb N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Dhawane
authors.forename: Joyce
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sweeney
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Mugdha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vasireddi
authors.forename: Suri S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Iyer
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000187:drug effects; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D053139:Oseltamivir / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053243:Zanamivir / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D053139:Oseltamivir; D005947:Glucose; D053243:Zanamivir
keywords: biosensors; carbohydrates; electrochemistry; glycosides; influenza virus
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