title: Metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma in the maxilla and mandible, an extremely rare presentation.
abstract: Malignancy is characterized by anaplasia, invasiveness, and metastasis. Primary oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most prevalent oral malignancy, but secondary malignancy from distant sites have also been reported. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common primary liver malignancy that frequently metastasizes during the course of the disease, but < 1% of cases show oral involvement. Such secondary neoplasms do not have any pathognomonic clinical or radiologic findings, and therefore they pose a diagnostic challenge. Hence, in the differential diagnosis of malignant tumors of the oral cavity, it is essential to consider the occurrence of both primary as well as metastatic tumors despite the low incidence of the latter. A rare case of HCC metastasizing to both the maxilla and mandible is presented, in which the patient succumbed to the disease as a result of the delay in diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
authors.forename: Satya Ranjan
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Misra
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, MNR Dental College and Hospital, Fasalwadi, Sangareddy, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: Y Uday
authors.initials: YU
authors.lastname: Shankar
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Kalka Dental College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Varun
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rastogi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maragathavalli
keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma; jaw metastasis; secondary malignancies
references.citation: Aust Dent J. 2013 Sep;58(3):373-5
references.pmid: 23981222
references.citation: Gastroenterol Jpn. 1985 Dec;20(6):604-10
references.pmid: 3002897
references.citation: J Periodontol. 1996 Jul;67(7):717-9
references.pmid: 8832483
references.citation: Stem Cell Rev. 2005;1(3):253-60
references.pmid: 17142862
references.citation: Prog Clin Cancer. 1967;3:1-18
references.pmid: 4966305
references.citation: Case Rep Transplant. 2012;2012:181242
references.pmid: 23213609
references.citation: Postgrad Med. 1971 Jan;49(1):155-8
references.pmid: 5539672
references.citation: Radiology. 2000 Sep;216(3):698-703
references.pmid: 10966697
references.citation: J Gastrointest Oncol. 2014 Aug;5(4):296-317
references.pmid: 25083303
references.citation: Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009 Apr;7(4):A22, A22.e1
references.pmid: 19135175
references.citation: Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2009 Jun;107(6):e49-53
references.pmid: 19464643
references.citation: Wiad Lek. 2004;57(7-8):392-4
references.pmid: 15631200
references.citation: J Oral Pathol Med. 1994 Sep;23(8):337-41
references.pmid: 7815371
references.citation: Oral Oncol. 2011 Jan;47(1):62-7
references.pmid: 20729131
references.citation: J Clin Periodontol. 2003 Oct;30(10):926-9
references.pmid: 14710773
references.citation: Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2006 May;35(5):412-5
references.pmid: 16473498
references.citation: Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1965 Sep;20:350-62
references.pmid: 14342927
references.citation: Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2004 Mar;97(3):359-68
references.pmid: 15024361
references.citation: Acta Cytol. 2008 Jul-Aug;52(4):490-4
references.pmid: 18702372