title: An extraction process to recover vanadium from low-grade vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite.
abstract: An extraction process to recover vanadium from low-grade vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite was developed. In this study, a mixed solvent system of di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (D2EHPA) and tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) diluted with kerosene was used for the selective extraction of vanadium from a hydrochloric acid leaching solution that contained low vanadium concentration with high concentrations of iron and impurities of Ca, Mg, and Al. In the extraction process, the initial solution pH and the phase ratio had considerable functions in the extraction of vanadium from the hydrochloric acid leaching solution. Under optimal extraction conditions (i.e., 30-40°C for 10min, 1:3 phase ratio (O/A), 20% D2EHPA concentration (v/v), and 0-0.8 initial solution pH), 99.4% vanadium and only 4.2% iron were extracted by the three-stage counter-current extraction process. In the stripping process with H2SO4 as the stripping agent and under optimal stripping conditions (i.e., 20% H2SO4 concentration, 5:1 phase ratio (O/A), 20min stripping time, and 40°C stripping temperature), 99.6% vanadium and only 5.4% iron were stripped by the three-stage counter-current stripping process. The stripping solution contained 40.16g/LV2O5,0.691g/L Fe, 0.007g/L TiO2, 0.006g/L SiO2 and 0.247g/L CaO. A V2O5 product with a purity of 99.12% V2O5 and only 0.026% Fe was obtained after the oxidation, precipitation, and calcination processes. The total vanadium recovered from the hydrochloric acid leaching solution was 85.5%.
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Desheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Hongxin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Guoping
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. Electronic address: tqgreen@ipe.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Hongdong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Guozhi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. Electronic address: linawang@ipe.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Weijing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate / Q000737:chemistry; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry; D007648:Kerosene; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D013464:Sulfuric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014639:Vanadium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D007648:Kerosene; D010755:Organophosphates; D010087:Oxides; D013464:Sulfuric Acids; D014639:Vanadium; C009495:titanium dioxide; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; C009524:tributyl phosphate; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate; C016538:lime; D014025:Titanium; D007501:Iron; C033158:sulfuric acid; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide
keywords: D2EHPA/TBP; Extraction; Hydrochloric acid leaching solution; Vanadium; Vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite