title: Clinicopathological significance of CXCR4 in non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Emerging evidence indicates that C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is a candidate oncogene in several types of human tumors including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the correlation between CXCR4 expression and clinicopathological characteristics of NSCLC remains unclear. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis to quantitatively evaluate the association of CXCR4 expression with the incidence of NSCLC and clinicopatho-logical characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  A detailed literature search was made from Medline and Web of Science for related research publications written in English and Chinese. The methodological quality of the studies was also evaluated. Analyses of pooled data were performed. Odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio (HR) were calculated and summarized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final analysis of 1,446 NSCLC patients from 13 eligible studies was performed. We observed that CXCR4 expression was significantly higher in NSCLC than in normal lung tissue from the pooled OR from five studies including 380 NSCLC and 118 normal lung tissue (OR=12.86, 95% confidence interval =3.63-45.59, P<0.0001). CXCR4 expression was not associated with smoking status and type of pathology. However, CXCR4 expression was significantly associated with clinical stages, metastatic status, and overall survival in NSCLC patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this meta-analysis suggest that CXCR4 expression is associated with an increased risk and worse survival in NSCLC patients. The aberrant CXCR4 expression plays an important role in the carcinogenesis and metastasis of NSCLC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasonography, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuan-He
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: C527276:CXCR4 protein, human; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4
keywords: chemokine; clinicopathological factor; hazard ratio; meta-analysis; odds ratio
references.citation: Eur J Cancer. 2008 May;44(7):1022-9
references.pmid: 18375114
references.citation: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2009 Mar;137(3):615-21
references.pmid: 19258077
references.citation: J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014 Jul;25(7):1486-95
references.pmid: 24511119
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e47287
references.pmid: 23082154
references.citation: Oncol Rep. 2012 Dec;28(6):2043-8
references.pmid: 22972438
references.citation: Stat Med. 1996 Jun 30;15(12):1237-48; discussion 1249-52
references.pmid: 8817798
references.citation: Clin Exp Metastasis. 2009;26(3):261-8
references.pmid: 19199057
references.citation: Oncogene. 2011 Jan 13;30(2):201-11
references.pmid: 20802527
references.citation: Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2010 Jan-Mar;23(1):153-64
references.pmid: 20378003
references.citation: BMC Cancer. 2009;9:213
references.pmid: 19563666
references.citation: Cancer Biol Ther. 2006 Oct;5(10):1320-6
references.pmid: 16929169
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2002 Jun 1;62(11):3106-12
references.pmid: 12036921
references.citation: Mol Cancer. 2013;12(1):85
references.pmid: 23902739
references.citation: CA Cancer J Clin. 2010 Sep-Oct;60(5):277-300
references.pmid: 20610543
references.citation: Control Clin Trials. 1986 Sep;7(3):177-88
references.pmid: 3802833
references.citation: Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2007 May-Jun;17(3):676-86
references.pmid: 17504381
references.citation: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2012 Nov;144(5):1167-1175.e1
references.pmid: 22925564
references.citation: Curr Mol Med. 2013 Dec;13(10):1538-48
references.pmid: 24206137
references.citation: Ann Oncol. 2004 Apr;15(4):613-7
references.pmid: 15033669
references.citation: Hum Pathol. 2008 Dec;39(12):1751-5
references.pmid: 18701133
references.citation: Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2013 Dec;88(3):696-705
references.pmid: 24120239
references.citation: BMC Urol. 2014;14:12
references.pmid: 24472670
references.citation: Mol Cancer. 2006;5:56
references.pmid: 17083723
references.citation: J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2012;31:34
references.pmid: 22537906
references.citation: J Thorac Oncol. 2011 Jul;6(7):1169-78
references.pmid: 21623238
references.citation: J Int Med Res. 2011;39(4):1253-64
references.pmid: 21986127
references.citation: Cancer J. 2009 Nov-Dec;15(6):519-25
references.pmid: 20010172
references.citation: BMJ. 2003 Sep 6;327(7414):557-60
references.pmid: 12958120
references.citation: Oncotarget. 2013 Dec;4(12):2171-85
references.pmid: 24259307
references.citation: Oncol Rep. 2013 Apr;29(4):1524-32
references.pmid: 23443279
references.citation: Curr Pharm Des. 2010;16(35):3903-20
references.pmid: 21158728
references.citation: Lung Cancer. 2010 Jun;68(3):466-71
references.pmid: 19716197
references.citation: Eur Respir J. 2001 Oct;18(4):705-19
references.pmid: 11716177
references.citation: Exp Ther Med. 2011 May;2(3):517-522
references.pmid: 22977534
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010 Dec 3;403(1):154-9
references.pmid: 21059341
references.citation: Ann Oncol. 2007 Jan;18(1):70-6
references.pmid: 17032700
references.citation: Eur J Cancer. 2013 Jan;49(1):219-30
references.pmid: 22683307
references.citation: CA Cancer J Clin. 2012 Jan-Feb;62(1):10-29
references.pmid: 22237781
references.citation: Oncol Lett. 2013 Oct;6(4):933-938
references.pmid: 24137439
references.citation: Br J Cancer. 2006 Jul 17;95(2):210-7
references.pmid: 16819541
references.citation: Onco Targets Ther. 2013 Sep 30;6:1347-61
references.pmid: 24124379
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2003 Jul 1;63(13):3833-9
references.pmid: 12839981
references.citation: J Immunol. 1997 Nov 1;159(9):4322-9
references.pmid: 9379028
references.citation: Am J Cancer Res. 2013;3(1):46-57
references.pmid: 23359227
references.citation: Int J Oncol. 2008 Jul;33(1):113-9
references.pmid: 18575756
references.citation: Mol Cancer Res. 2014 Jan;12(1):38-47
references.pmid: 24025971
references.citation: Future Med Chem. 2012 May;4(7):853-67
references.pmid: 22571611
references.citation: In Vivo. 2012 Jul-Aug;26(4):711-8
references.pmid: 22773586
references.citation: Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2011 Aug;21(6):981-7
references.pmid: 21738044
references.citation: Ann Oncol. 2012 Oct;23(10):2755-62
references.pmid: 22492700
references.citation: Int J Breast Cancer. 2011;2011:420981
references.pmid: 22295222
references.citation: Int J Cancer. 2013 Jan 15;132(2):276-87
references.pmid: 22689289
references.citation: BMJ. 1997 Sep 13;315(7109):629-34
references.pmid: 9310563
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Dec 1;11(23):8273-80
references.pmid: 16322285
references.citation: World J Surg. 2011 Jan;35(1):56-61
references.pmid: 21046385
references.citation: Blood. 2009 Apr 30;113(18):4341-51
references.pmid: 19139079
references.citation: Exp Hematol. 2011 Mar;39(3):282-92
references.pmid: 21138752
references.citation: Theranostics. 2013;3(1):26-33
references.pmid: 23382783
references.citation: Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2014 Feb;34(2):153-8
references.pmid: 24589587
references.citation: Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2010 Dec;29(4):709-22
references.pmid: 20839032
references.citation: BMC Cancer. 2014;14:49
references.pmid: 24475985
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2006 Feb 15;66(4):2181-7
references.pmid: 16489019
references.citation: J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005 Aug 17;97(16):1180-4
references.pmid: 16106022
references.citation: FEBS Lett. 1998 Apr 17;426(2):271-8
references.pmid: 9599023
references.citation: Oncologist. 2008;13 Suppl 1:5-13
references.pmid: 18263769
references.citation: Lab Invest. 2006 Dec;86(12):1221-32
references.pmid: 17075581