title: Awareness of modifiable acute myocardial infarction risk factors has little impact on risk perception for heart attack among vulnerable patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Poor awareness of modifiable risks for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) may explain the reported weak relationship between patients' actual and perceived risk for AMI.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the level of awareness of modifiable risks and perceived vulnerability for AMI among Jordanian patients, and to determine their independent association.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional correlational study (N = 231). Perceived risk, awareness of risk factors and risk profile were collected by self-reports and medical chart review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients were mostly males (80%) and had a mean of 55.3 ± 12.6 years for age. Perceived and actual AMI risks were not highly congruent even though patients had, on average, two modifiable risks and were knowledgeable of them. Awareness of risk factors independently explained 3.5% of the variance in perceived risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk for developing AMI is underestimated among cardiac patients and it is only weakly linked with their awareness of AMI risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Hashemite University, School of Nursing, Zarqa, Jordan. Electronic address: maabed2@g.uky.edu.
authors.forename: Mona A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Abed
authors.affiliation: The University of Jordan, School of Nursing, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: Amani A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.affiliation: University of Kentucky, School of Nursing, Kentucky, USA; University of Ulster, School of Nursing, Belfast, Ireland.
authors.forename: Debra K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Moser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001364:Awareness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010465:Perception; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Awareness; Knowledge; Myocardial infarction; Perception; Risk factors