title: Cisplatin release from dual-responsive magnetic nanocomposites.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The combination of hyperthermia and controlled drug delivery is a very promising recent effort in cancer therapy. The aim of this study is to synthesize and characterize a dual pH/thermal-responsive composite nanoparticle that acts as a cisplatin carrier, and to evaluate its release profile at different pH and temperature conditions relevant to the physiological and cancerous environment during hyperthermia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Poly (n-isopropyl acrylamide-methacrylic acid-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate) (P (NIPAAM-MAA-HEM)) was synthesized by emulsion polymerization. Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and cisplatin were loaded onto the nanogel, by the swelling method and the conjugation of cisplatin with the -COOH group of MAA, respectively. The chemical and morphological properties of the drug-loaded composite nanoparticle and its profile of drug release at pH levels of 7.4 (physiological pH), 6.8 (tumor extracellular pH), and 5.3 (endosomal pH), and at temperatures of 37°C (physiological) and 43°C (hyperthermia), were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The result shows that the synthesized nanogel and nanocomposite were almost pure and were of an appropriate size and stability. Magnetic saturation was at a position appropriate for the production of enough heat during hyperthermia. A high level of drug release under conditions of low pH and high temperature was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This result suggests that the dual pH/temperature-responsive P (NIPAAM-MAA-HEM) magnetic nanocomposite can be very effective in hyperthermia and controlled cisplatin delivery.
authors.affiliation: a Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.|b Department of Medical Nanotechnology , Faculty of Advanced Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.
authors.forename: Kaveh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurd
authors.affiliation: e Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.
authors.forename: Amir Ahmad
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Khandagi
authors.affiliation: a Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.|b Department of Medical Nanotechnology , Faculty of Advanced Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.
authors.forename: Soodabeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Davaran
authors.affiliation: a Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.|b Department of Medical Nanotechnology , Faculty of Advanced Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.|c Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.|d Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.
authors.forename: Abolfazl
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akbarzadeh
mesh_terms: D002945:Cisplatin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry*; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D002945:Cisplatin; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide
keywords: cisplatin; controlled drug delivery; dual-responsive polymer; hyperthermia; nanocomposite; nanogel