title: An Rtf2 Domain-Containing Protein Influences Pre-mRNA Splicing and Is Essential for Embryonic Development in Arabidopsis thaliana.
abstract: Alternative splicing is prevalent in plants, but little is known about its regulation in the context of developmental and signaling pathways. We describe here a new factor that influences pre-messengerRNA (mRNA) splicing and is essential for embryonic development in Arabidopsis thaliana. This factor was retrieved in a genetic screen that identified mutants impaired in expression of an alternatively spliced GFP reporter gene. In addition to the known spliceosomal component PRP8, the screen recovered Arabidopsis RTF2 (AtRTF2), a previously uncharacterized, evolutionarily conserved protein containing a replication termination factor 2 (Rtf2) domain. A homozygous null mutation in AtRTF2 is embryo lethal, indicating that AtRTF2 is an essential protein. Quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated that impaired expression of GFP in atrtf2 and prp8 mutants is due to inefficient splicing of the GFP pre-mRNA. A genome-wide analysis using RNA sequencing indicated that 13-16% of total introns are retained to a significant degree in atrtf2 mutants. Considering these results and previous suggestions that Rtf2 represents an ubiquitin-related domain, we discuss the possible role of AtRTF2 in ubiquitin-based regulation of pre-mRNA splicing.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Nangang District, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Taku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Nangang District, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanno
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Nangang District, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Chieh
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Nangang District, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Pao-Yang
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Nangang District, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Wei
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Nangang District, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Dar
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Nangang District, Taipei 115, Taiwan marjorimatzke@gate.sinica.edu.tw antoniusmatzke@gate.sinica.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Antonius J M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Matzke
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Nangang District, Taipei 115, Taiwan marjorimatzke@gate.sinica.edu.tw antoniusmatzke@gate.sinica.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Marjori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matzke
mesh_terms: D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D023061:Gene Order; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D056426:Genetic Loci; D005838:Genotype; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011485:Protein Binding; D054730:Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs; D012322:RNA Precursors / Q000235:genetics*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017381:Spliceosomes / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D012322:RNA Precursors; D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases; C532784:menthone (3S)-neomenthol reductase, Arabidopsis
keywords: C2HC2 zinc finger; Rtf2 domain; alternative splicing; intron retention; ubiquitin ligase
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