title: Neuroimaging findings from childhood onset schizophrenia patients and their non-psychotic siblings.
abstract: Childhood onset schizophrenia (COS), with onset of psychosis before age 13, is a rare form of schizophrenia that represents a more severe and chronic form of the adult onset illness. In this review we examine structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of COS and non-psychotic siblings of COS patients in the context of studies of schizophrenia as a whole. Studies of COS to date reveal progressive loss of gray matter volume and cortical thinning, ventricular enlargement, progressive decline in cerebellar volume and a significant but fixed deficit in hippocampal volume. COS is also associated with a slower rate of white matter growth and disrupted local connectivity strength. Sibling studies indicate that non-psychotic siblings of COS patients share many of these brain abnormalities, including decreased cortical thickness and disrupted white matter growth, yet these abnormalities normalize with age. Cross-sectional and longitudinal neuroimaging studies remain some of the few methods for assessing human brain function and play a pivotal role in the quest for understanding the neurobiology of schizophrenia as well as other psychiatric disorders. Parallel studies in non-psychotic siblings provide a unique opportunity to understand both risk and resilience in schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, United States.
authors.forename: Anna E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Ordóñez
authors.affiliation: Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, United States.
authors.forename: Zoe I
authors.initials: ZI
authors.lastname: Luscher
authors.affiliation: Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, United States. Electronic address: gogtayn@mail.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Nitin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gogtay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D058068:Endophenotypes; D006801:Humans; D059906:Neuroimaging; D012561:Schizophrenia, Childhood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D035781:Siblings
keywords: Childhood; Endophenotype; Neuroimaging; Schizophrenia; Siblings
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