title: Adductor Canal Blockade Following Total Knee Arthroplasty-Continuous or Single Shot Technique? Role in Postoperative Analgesia, Ambulation Ability and Early Functional Recovery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
abstract: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can be associated with severe pain in early postoperative period. Adductor canal block may provide optimal analgesia following TKA. However, ideal regimen for administration whether continuous or single shot is yet undefined. We prospectively randomized 90 patients in continuous and single shot adductor canal blockade groups. Postoperative VAS (visual analog scale for pain) score was significantly better at all times in continuous than single shot technique (P<0.001). However, ambulation ability (Timed Up & Go, 10m walk, 30s chair) and early functional recovery (active SLR, ambulation with walker, staircase competency, ambulation distance and maximal flexion at discharge) showed no statistical significant difference. Continuous adductor canal blockade was superior to single shot block in terms of pain control but was similar for early functional recovery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level III, therapeutic study.
authors.affiliation: Bombay Hospital and Research Centre, Marine Lines, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Nilen A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Bombay Hospital and Research Centre, Marine Lines, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Joint Reconstruction Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, South Korea.
authors.forename: Nimesh P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Bombay Hospital and Research Centre, Marine Lines, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Rajasthan Hospital, Shahibaug, Ahmedabad, Gujrat, India.
authors.forename: Karnav A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Panchal
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000577:Amides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004434:Early Ambulation; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D020127:Recovery of Function; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016138:Walking
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077212:Ropivacaine
keywords: adductor canal block; ambulation ability; analgesia; continuous; single shot; total knee arthroplasty