title: Differentiating Milk and Non-milk Proteins by UPLC Amino Acid Fingerprints Combined with Chemometric Data Analysis Techniques.
abstract: Amino acid fingerprinting combined with chemometric data analysis was used to differentiate milk and non-milk proteins in this study. Microwave-assisted hydrolysis and ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) were used to obtain the amino acid fingerprints. Both univariate and multivariate chemometrics methods were applied for differentiation. The confidence boundary of amino acid concentration, principal component analysis (PCA), and partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) of the amino acid fingerprints demonstrated that there were significant differences between milk proteins and inexpensive non-milk protein powders from other biological sources including whey, peanut, corn, soy, fish, egg yolk, beef extract, collagen, and cattle bone. The results indicate that the amino acid compositions with the chemometric techniques could be applied for the detection of potential protein adulterants in milk.
authors.affiliation: †Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
authors.forename: Weiying
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: †Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
authors.forename: Xiaxia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: §Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.
authors.forename: Boyan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: †Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
authors.forename: Haiming
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: §Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.
authors.forename: Liangli Lucy
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D008894:Milk Proteins
keywords: amino acid fingerprinting; protein differentiation; univariate and multivariate data analyses