title: Inhibitory effects of antimicrobial agents against Fusarium species.
abstract: We investigated the inhibitory effects of antibacterial, biocidal, and antifungal agents against Fusarium spp. Seven Fusarium spp: four F. falciforme (Fusarium solani species complex), one Fusarium spp, one Fusarium spp. (Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex), and one F. napiforme (Gibberella fujikuroi species complex), isolated from eyes with fungal keratitis were used in this study. Their susceptibility to antibacterial agents: flomoxef, imipenem, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, and Tobracin® (contained 3,000 μg/ml of tobramycin and 25 μg/ml of benzalkonium chloride (BAK), a biocidal agent: BAK, and antifungal agents: amphotericin B, pimaricin (natamycin), fluconazole, itraconazole, miconazole, voriconazole, and micafungin, was determined by broth microdilution tests. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), 100% inhibitory concentration (IC100), and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against the Fusarium isolates were determined. BAK had the highest activity against the Fusarium spp. except for the antifungal agents. Three fluoroquinolones and two aminoglycosides had inhibitory effects against the Fusarium spp. at relatively high concentrations. Tobracin® had a higher inhibitory effect against Fusarium spp. than tobramycin alone. Amphotericin B had the highest inhibitory effect against the Fusarium spp, although it had different degrees of activity against each isolate. Our findings showed that fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and BAK had some degree of inhibitory effect against the seven Fusarium isolates, although these agents had considerably lower effect than amphotericin B. However, the inhibitory effects of amphotericin B against the Fusarium spp. varied for the different isolates. Further studies for more effective medications against Fusarium, such as different combinations of antibacterial, biocidal, and antifungal agents are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, 7-1 Kashima-cho, Gifu-shi, Gifu-ken, 500-8513, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, 7-1 Kashima-cho, Gifu-shi, Gifu-ken, 500-8513, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inuzuka
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, 4-86 Minaminokawa-cho, Ogaki-shi, Gifu-ken, 503-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuhide
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, 4-86 Minaminokawa-cho, Ogaki-shi, Gifu-ken, 503-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobumichi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu-ken, 501-1194, Japan.
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu-ken, 501-1194, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyofumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Regeneration and Advanced Medical Science, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu-ken, 501-1194, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyofumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohkusu
authors.affiliation: Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba-Ken, 260-8673, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Muraosa
authors.affiliation: Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba-Ken, 260-8673, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba-Ken, 260-8673, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamei
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000617:Aminoglycosides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology; D015821:Eye Infections, Fungal / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000494:pharmacology; D005670:Fusarium / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007634:Keratitis / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests
chemical_list: D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D004202:Disinfectants; D024841:Fluoroquinolones
keywords: Fusarium; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; biocidal agent; inhibitory effect