title: Measuring psychological trauma in the workplace: psychometric properties of the Italian version of the psychological injury risk indicator-a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to cross-culturally adapt the Psychological Injury Risk Indicator (PIRI) and to validate its psychometric properties.
  
  
  METHODS
  Workers from 24 small companies were invited to self-complete the PIRI before undergoing their routine medical examination at the workplace. All participants (841 out of 845, 99.6%) were also asked to report occupational injuries and episodes of violence that had occurred at the workplace in the previous 12 months and were given the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ12) to complete.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exploratory factor analysis revealed a 4-factor structure, "sleep problems," "recovery failure," "posttraumatic stress symptoms," and "chronic fatigue," which were the same subscales observed in the original version. The internal consistency was excellent (alpha = 0.932). ROC curve analysis revealed that the PIRI was much more efficient than GHQ12 in diagnosing workers who had suffered trauma (workplace violence or injury) in the previous year, as it revealed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.679 (95% CI: 0.625-0.734) for the PIRI, while for the GHQ12 the AUC was 0.551 (not significant).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study, performed on a large population of workers, provides evidence of the validity of the Italian version of the PIRI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0988-7344
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Magnavita
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal-Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI) and Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy ; State Police Health Service Department, Ministry of the Interior, 00189 Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Garbarino
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Social Work, and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Winwood
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000067073:Psychological Trauma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D011594:Psychometrics; D012307:Risk Factors; D057566:Self Report / Q000592:standards*; D017132:Workplace / Q000523:psychology*
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