title: Corticosteroid use does not alter nasal mucus glucose in chronic rhinosinusitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate nasal mucus glucose concentrations in patients with and without chronic rhinosinusitis and determine if corticosteroid therapy alters mucus glucose.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single tertiary care center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-five patients presenting to an otolaryngology clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants completed questionnaires that included a history of medical and surgical therapies as well as sinusitis-specific quality-of-life measurements. Nasal mucus was collected in an outpatient clinic using an open cell foam technique. The nasal mucus glucose concentrations of patients with and without chronic rhinosinusitis were compared to the use of systemic and topical glucocorticoid treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A statistically significant difference was measured between mean nasal glucose secretions of control patients, 10.2 mg/dL, compared with patients diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis, 18.4 mg/dL (P < .0001). Use of corticosteroids, both topical and systemic, did not correlate with nasal glucose concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis have elevated nasal glucose concentrations compared with control patients, and this elevated nasal glucose level was independent of corticosteroid use. Nasal glucose may independently contribute to the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA kyle.hatten@uphs.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Kyle M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Hatten
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: James N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Nithin D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Adappa
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center Surgical Services, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Noam A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D005947:Glucose
keywords: chronic rhinosinusitis; glucocorticoid; innate immunity; solitary chemosensory cell