title: Anammox cultivation in a closed sponge-bed trickling filter.
abstract: A feasibility study was carried out to assess the cultivation of Anammox bacteria in lab-scale closed sponge-bed trickling filter (CSTF) reactors, namely: CSTF-1 at 20°C and CSTF-2 at 30°C. Stable conditions were reached from day 66 in CSTF-2 and from day 104 in CSTF-1. The early stability of CSTF-2 is attributable to the influence of temperature; nevertheless, by day 405, the nitrogen removal performed by CSTF-1 increased up to similar values of CSTF-2. The maximum total nitrogen removal efficiency was 82% in CSTF-1 and 84% in CSTF-2. After more than 400 days of operation, CSTF-1 and CSTF-2 were capable to attain a total nitrogen removal efficiency of 74±5% and 78±4% with a total nitrogen conversion rate of 1.52 and 1.60kg-N/m(sponge)(3)d, respectively. The proposed technology could be a suitable alternative for mainstream nitrogen removal in post-treatment units via the Anammox conversion pathway.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering and Water Technology Department, UNESCO-IHE, PO Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, The Netherlands; Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands. Electronic address: J.A.SanchezGuilen@tudelft.nl.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sánchez Guillén
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering and Water Technology Department, UNESCO-IHE, PO Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, The Netherlands. Electronic address: pattycuellar@gmail.com.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Cuéllar Guardado
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering and Water Technology Department, UNESCO-IHE, PO Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, The Netherlands. Electronic address: c.lopezvazquez@unesco-ihe.org.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lopez Vazquez
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering and Water Technology Department, UNESCO-IHE, PO Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, The Netherlands. Electronic address: deoli2@unesco-ihe.org.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: de Oliveira Cruz
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering and Water Technology Department, UNESCO-IHE, PO Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, The Netherlands; Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands. Electronic address: d.brdjanovic@unesco-ihe.org.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brdjanovic
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering and Water Technology Department, UNESCO-IHE, PO Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, The Netherlands; Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands. Electronic address: J.B.vanLier@tudelft.nl.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: van Lier
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000737:chemistry*; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D018533:Biomass; D019149:Bioreactors; D058440:Denitrification / Q000502:physiology*; D005374:Filtration / Q000295:instrumentation; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000535:Aluminum
keywords: Anammox; Closed sponge-bed trickling filter; DHS; Immobilized biomass; Mainstream nitrogen removal