title: Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity as a screen for arterial stiffness: a comparison with cardiac magnetic resonance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite technical simplicity and the low cost of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (BA-PWV), its use has been hampered by a lack of data supporting its usefulness and reliability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of BA-PWV to measure aortic stiffness in comparison to using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 124 participants without cardiovascular risk factors volunteered for this study. BA-PWV was measured using a vascular testing device. On the same day, using CMR, cross-sectional areas for distensibility and average blood flow were measured at four aortic levels: the ascending, upper thoracic descending, lower thoracic descending, and abdominal aorta.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to PWV measured by CMR, BA-PWV values were significantly higher and the differences therein were similar in all age groups (all p<0.001). There was a significant correlation between BA-PWV and PWV by CMR (r=0.697, p<0.001). Both BA-PWV and PWV by CMR were significantly and positively associated with age (r=0.652 and 0.724, p<0.001). The reciprocal of aortic distensibility also demonstrated a statistically significant positive correlation with BA-PWV (r=0.583 to 0.673, all p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BA-PWV was well correlated with central aortic PWV and distensibility, as measured by CMR, regardless of age and sex.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Kyoung
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Shin Yi
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ki Hong
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Hee
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Mok
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yeon Hyeon
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. dkkim@skku.edu.
authors.forename: Duk-Kyung
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index / Q000379:methods*; D000843:Ankle Joint; D001011:Aorta / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; D008297:Male; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D059289:Vascular Stiffness
keywords: Arterial stiffness; brachial artery; distensibility; magnetic resonance imaging; pulse wave velocity
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