title: Anthrax vaccine associated deaths in miniature horses.
abstract: During a widespread anthrax outbreak in Canada, miniature horses were vaccinated using a live spore anthrax vaccine. Several of these horses died from an apparent immune-mediated vasculitis temporally associated with this vaccination. During the course of the outbreak, other miniature horses from different regions with a similar vaccination history, clinical signs, and necropsy findings were found.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4.
authors.forename: Bruce K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Wobeser
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000881:Anthrax / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D022122:Anthrax Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D049628:Body Size; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D006736:Horses; D008297:Male; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D022122:Anthrax Vaccines
references.citation: J Emerg Med. 2003 Oct;25(3):271-6
references.pmid: 14585454
references.citation: J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2001 Mar 1;218(5):753-5
references.pmid: 11280411
references.citation: J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1987 Sep 15;191(6):715-6
references.pmid: 3119528
references.citation: Am J Clin Dermatol. 2008;9(2):71-92
references.pmid: 18284262
references.citation: Can Vet J. 2008 Mar;49(3):235-7
references.pmid: 18390096
references.citation: Zoonoses Public Health. 2008 Aug;55(6):279-90
references.pmid: 18489538
references.citation: Can Vet J. 2009 Mar;50(3):291-4
references.pmid: 19436482
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2011 Nov;121(11):4210-21
references.pmid: 22045571
references.citation: J Appl Microbiol. 1999 Aug;87(2):294-7
references.pmid: 10475972