title: Class III β-tubulin in normal and cancer tissues.
abstract: Microtubules are polymeric structures composed of tubulin subunits. Each subunit consists of a heterodimer of α- and β-tubulin. At least seven β-tubulin isotypes, or classes, have been identified in human cells, and constitutive isotype expression appears to be tissue specific. Class III β-tubulin (βIII-tubulin) expression is normally confined to testes and tissues derived from neural cristae. However, its expression can be induced in other tissues, both normal and neoplastic, subjected to a toxic microenvironment characterized by hypoxia and poor nutrient supply. In this review, we will summarize the mechanisms underlying βIII-tubulin constitutive and induced expression. We will also illustrate its capacity to serve as a biomarker of neural commitment in normal tissues and as a pure prognostic biomarker in cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Danbury Hospital Research Institute, Danbury, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mariani
authors.affiliation: Danbury Hospital Research Institute, Danbury, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Roshan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Karki
authors.affiliation: Danbury Hospital Research Institute, Danbury, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spennato
authors.affiliation: Danbury Hospital Research Institute, Danbury, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Deep
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pandya
authors.affiliation: Danbury Hospital Research Institute, Danbury, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Shiquan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Danbury Hospital Research Institute, Danbury, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Mirko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andreoli
authors.affiliation: Danbury Hospital Research Institute, Danbury, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fiedler
authors.affiliation: Danbury Hospital Research Institute, Danbury, CT, USA. Electronic address: cristiano.ferlini@danhosp.org.
authors.forename: Cristiano
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferlini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000378:metabolism; D014404:Tubulin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014404:Tubulin
keywords: Biomarker; Cancer; Neural differentiation; TUBB3; βIII-Tubulin
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