title: Isolation and identification of naegleria species from environmental water in changchun, northeastern china.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Naegleria is a free-living amoeba, and pathogenic Naegleria may pose a health risk to people exposed to recreational water. Our objective in this study was to determine if there are pathogenic amoebae in environmental water samples from Changchun, Northeastern China.
  
  
  METHODS
  During July to September 2012, a total of 70 water samples were collected from Changchun, Northeastern China, and Naegleria was enriched by in vitro culture and detected by PCR using Naegleria genus-specific primers. Resulting PCR products were sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed to identify Naegleria species.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Naegleria was detected in 65 (92.9%) of 70 water samples. DNA sequence and phylogenetic analyses based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA sequences revealed four Naegleria species, including N. pagei (n = 24) and N. Australiensis (n = 18), N. clarki (n = 13) and N. gruberi (n = 10), in which N. australiensis is pathogenic to mice. But the pathogenic species N. fowleri was not detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report on Naegleria species in Northeastern China, showing that almost all environmental water samples were contaminated with Naegleria, including N. pagei, N. Australiensis, N. clarki and N. gruberi, which should be considered a potential public health threat.
authors.affiliation: Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Jiping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
keywords: Changchun; China; Identification; Naegleria; PCR
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