title: Effects of self-compassion workbook training on trauma-related guilt in a sample of homeless veterans: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present pilot study examined the effects of a 4-week-long self-administered self-compassion training on trauma-related guilt and compared it to a stress inoculation control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 47 homeless male veterans who were living in transitional housing facilities volunteered to participate in this study. Participants were randomly assigned to either a self-compassion (N = 13) or a stress inoculation (N = 14) group and were asked to complete pre-, mid-, and postintervention assessments measuring changes in self-compassion, trauma-related guilt, and posttraumatic stress disorder severity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants in both interventions reported increased levels of self-compassion and equal reductions in trauma-related guilt. No other significant changes were noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results from this pilot study provide preliminary evidence for the use of self-compassion and stress inoculation trainings as effective interventions for trauma-related guilt. The findings also suggest that self-administered trainings in the form of workbooks may be a viable, cost-effective form of intervention for disadvantaged populations, such as homeless veterans in transitional housing, who may lack resources or access to professionals or paraprofessionals. The effects of both self-compassion training and stress inoculation training on the study variables and directions for future research on self-compassion and trauma-related guilt are discussed.
authors.affiliation: University of Missouri-St. Louis.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Held
authors.affiliation: University of Tennessee.
authors.forename: Gina P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Owens
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006167:Guilt; D006703:Ill-Housed Persons / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D000067073:Psychological Trauma / Q000628:therapy*; D011615:Psychotherapy, Group / Q000379:methods*; D012649:Self Concept; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000517:prevention & control; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: homelessness; self-compassion; trauma-related guilt; treatment; veterans