title: Clinical imaging guidelines part 4: challenges in identifying, engaging and collaborating with stakeholders.
abstract: The effective development and use of clinical imaging guidelines requires an understanding of who the stakeholders are, what their interests in the process are, and what roles they should play. If the appropriate stakeholders are not engaged in the right roles, it is unlikely that clinical imaging guidelines will be successfully developed, relied on, and actually used. Some stakeholders are obvious: for the development of clinical imaging guidelines, both imagers and those who request examinations, such as general practitioners, internists, and medical specialists, must be involved. To gain acceptance, other relevant groups are stakeholders, including medical societies, other health care professionals, insurers, health IT experts and vendors, and patients. The role of stakeholders must be dictated by their specific interest. For some, involvement in the creation of guidelines is the right role. For others, such as regulators or insurers, reviews or invitations to comment are required, and for others, such as medical educators, it is probably sufficient to provide information and create awareness. Only through a careful consideration of who the stakeholders are and what are their interests are the successful development, acceptance, and use of clinical imaging guidelines likely to occur. Future efforts must focus on collaboration, particularly among groups that create clinical imaging guidelines and those that can support their use, and on regulatory roles and mandates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University, North Carolina. Electronic address: mabettmann@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bettmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Helja
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oikarinen
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Madan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rehani
authors.affiliation: Radiation Protection of Patients Unit, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Center, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Ola
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Holmberg
authors.affiliation: Radiation Programme, Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health (PHE) Cluster of Family, Women's and Children's Health (FWC) World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: del Rosario Perez
authors.affiliation: Standards of Practice and Accreditation, RANZCR, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Anusha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naidoo
authors.affiliation: Korean Society of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Hyun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Do
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dreyer
authors.affiliation: Medical Exposure Regulatory Infrastructure Team CRCE, Public Health England Chilton, Didcot Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ebdon-Jackson
mesh_terms: D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003657:Decision Making; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D017146:Models, Organizational; D009937:Organizational Objectives; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011871:Radiology / Q000458:organization & administration*; D014481:United States
keywords: Imaging stakeholders; clinical imaging guidelines; guideline development roles