title: Dairy consumption is associated with a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome among young adults from Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been suggested that a greater dairy consumption is a contributing factor to a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) as a result of the possible actions of some milk nutrients. However, results remain controversial. The aim of this study was to examine the association between dairy consumption and MetS and its components.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dairy consumption and biochemical and anthropometric parameters were determined in 2031 young adults ages 23 to 25 y. Food consumption was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. The estimated habitual portion of dairy products consumed daily was divided into quintiles. The criteria of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and of the Joint Interim Statement (JIS) were used for the classification of MetS. Nonadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were estimated by logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of MetS was 11.9% by the IDF criteria and 9% by the JIS criteria. A greater dairy consumption was associated with a lower prevalence of MetS according to both IDF (OR, 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.38-0.97) and JIS (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.39-0.98) criteria when the last quintile was compared with the first. The association persisted in the model adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, dietary, and lifestyle variables according to the IDF (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.30-0.93) and was borderline according to the JIS (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.34-1.00), but lost significance when data were adjusted for calcium in both models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A greater dairy consumption is associated with a lower prevalence of MetS, with calcium probably being the nutrient responsible for this association.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Course, Federal University of Tocantins, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maylla L B
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gilberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kac
authors.affiliation: Public Health Department, Federal University of Maranhão, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raimundo A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Puericulture and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Heloisa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bettiol
authors.affiliation: Department of Puericulture and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marco A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Barbieri
authors.affiliation: Department of Puericulture and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Viviane C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Public Health Department, Federal University of Maranhão, Brazil. Electronic address: aasilva@ufma.br.
authors.forename: Antônio A M
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001938:Brazil; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary
keywords: Abdominal; Calcium; Dairy products; Metabolic syndrome X; Obesity; Young adult