title: Neurocognitive outcome in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: experience at a tertiary care hospital in Korea.
abstract: This study was conducted to investigate long-term neurocognitive outcomes and to determine associated risk factors in a cohort of Korean survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Forty-two survivors of ALL were compared with 42 healthy controls on measures of a neurocognitive test battery. We analysed potential risk factors (cranial irradiation, sex, age at diagnosis, elapsed time from diagnosis, and ALL risk group) on neurocognitive outcomes. ALL patients had lower, but non-significant full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ, 107.2±12.2 vs. 111.7±10.2), verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ, 107.7±13.6 vs. 112.2±11.4), and performance intelligence quotient (PIQ, 106.3±14.2 vs. 110.1±10.7) scores than healthy controls. However, patients treated with cranial irradiation performed significantly lower on FSIQ (102.2±8.1), VIQ (103.3±11.7), and PIQ (101.4±13.2) compared to non-irradiated patients and healthy controls. ALL patients also had poor attention, concentration, and executive functions. Among ALL survivors, cranial irradiation was a risk factor for poor FSIQ, being male was a risk factor for poor PIQ, and younger age was a risk factor for poor attention. Therefore, the delayed cognitive effects of ALL treatment and its impact on quality of life require continuing monitoring and management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Vincent Hospital, Suwon, Korea.
authors.forename: Seong Joon
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3130-9495
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Vincent Hospital, Suwon, Korea.
authors.forename: Min Hyun
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Wook
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Nak Gyun
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: In Goo
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Yun
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1643-5864
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000523:psychology*; D017741:Survivors; D063128:Tertiary Health Care
keywords: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia; Attention; Child; Cognition; Cranial Irradiation
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