title: The Effect of a Whey Protein Supplement on Bone Mass in Older Caucasian Adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been assumed that the increase in urine calcium (Ca) that accompanies an increase in dietary protein was due to increased bone resorption. However, studies using stable Ca isotopes have found that dietary protein increases Ca absorption without increasing bone resorption.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of a moderately high protein diet on bone mineral density (BMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of protein supplementation daily for 18 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted at two institutional research centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred eight older women and men with a body mass index between 19 and 32 kg/m(2) and a self-reported protein intake between 0.6 and 1.0 g/kg participated in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were asked to incorporate either a 45-g whey protein or isocaloric maltodextrin supplement into their usual diet for 18 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  BMD by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, body composition, and markers of skeletal and mineral metabolism were measured at baseline and at 9 and 18 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between groups for changes in L-spine BMD (primary outcome) or the other skeletal sites of interest. Truncal lean mass was significantly higher in the protein group at 18 months (P = .048). C-terminal telopeptide (P = .0414), IGF-1 (P = .0054), and urinary urea (P < .001) were also higher in the protein group at the end of the study period. There was no difference in estimated glomerular filtration rate at 18 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that protein supplementation above the recommended dietary allowance (0.8 g/kg) may preserve fat-free mass without adversely affecting skeletal health or renal function in healthy older adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Allied Health Sciences (J.E.K., J.D.B., S.L., B.M.K., E.G.-S.), University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-1101; Center on Aging (A.M.K., J.B., A.K.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030; Department of Internal Medicine (J.D.B., R.R.S., C.A.S., A.M.C., E.G.-S., K.L.I.), Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; Institute for Aging Research (K.M.M.), Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; and Yale Center for Analytical Sciences (J.R., J.D.), Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.
authors.forename: Jane E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kerstetter
authors.affiliation: Department of Allied Health Sciences (J.E.K., J.D.B., S.L., B.M.K., E.G.-S.), University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-1101; Center on Aging (A.M.K., J.B., A.K.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030; Department of Internal Medicine (J.D.B., R.R.S., C.A.S., A.M.C., E.G.-S., K.L.I.), Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; Institute for Aging Research (K.M.M.), Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; and Yale Center for Analytical Sciences (J.R., J.D.), Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.
authors.forename: Jessica D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Bihuniak
authors.affiliation: Department of Allied Health Sciences (J.E.K., J.D.B., S.L., B.M.K., E.G.-S.), University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-1101; Center on Aging (A.M.K., J.B., A.K.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030; Department of Internal Medicine (J.D.B., R.R.S., C.A.S., A.M.C., E.G.-S., K.L.I.), Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; Institute for Aging Research (K.M.M.), Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; and Yale Center for Analytical Sciences (J.R., J.D.), Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brindisi
authors.affiliation: Department of Allied Health Sciences (J.E.K., J.D.B., S.L., B.M.K., E.G.-S.), University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-1101; Center on Aging (A.M.K., J.B., A.K.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030; Department of Internal Medicine (J.D.B., R.R.S., C.A.S., A.M.C., E.G.-S., K.L.I.), Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; Institute for Aging Research (K.M.M.), Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; and Yale Center for Analytical Sciences (J.R., J.D.), Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.
authors.forename: Rebecca R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.affiliation: Department of Allied Health Sciences (J.E.K., J.D.B., S.L., B.M.K., E.G.-S.), University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-1101; Center on Aging (A.M.K., J.B., A.K.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030; Department of Internal Medicine (J.D.B., R.R.S., C.A.S., A.M.C., E.G.-S., K.L.I.), Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; Institute for Aging Research (K.M.M.), Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; and Yale Center for Analytical Sciences (J.R., J.D.), Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.
authors.forename: Kelsey M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Mangano
authors.affiliation: Department of Allied Health Sciences (J.E.K., J.D.B., S.L., B.M.K., E.G.-S.), University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-1101; Center on Aging (A.M.K., J.B., A.K.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030; Department of Internal Medicine (J.D.B., R.R.S., C.A.S., A.M.C., E.G.-S., K.L.I.), Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; Institute for Aging Research (K.M.M.), Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; and Yale Center for Analytical Sciences (J.R., J.D.), Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Larocque
authors.affiliation: Department of Allied Health Sciences (J.E.K., J.D.B., S.L., B.M.K., E.G.-S.), University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-1101; Center on Aging (A.M.K., J.B., A.K.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030; Department of Internal Medicine (J.D.B., R.R.S., C.A.S., A.M.C., E.G.-S., K.L.I.), Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; Institute for Aging Research (K.M.M.), Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; and Yale Center for Analytical Sciences (J.R., J.D.), Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.
authors.forename: Belinda M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Kotler
authors.affiliation: Department of Allied Health Sciences (J.E.K., J.D.B., S.L., B.M.K., E.G.-S.), University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-1101; Center on Aging (A.M.K., J.B., A.K.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030; Department of Internal Medicine (J.D.B., R.R.S., C.A.S., A.M.C., E.G.-S., K.L.I.), Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; Institute for Aging Research (K.M.M.), Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; and Yale Center for Analytical Sciences (J.R., J.D.), Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.
authors.forename: Christine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.affiliation: Department of Allied Health Sciences (J.E.K., J.D.B., S.L., B.M.K., E.G.-S.), University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-1101; Center on Aging (A.M.K., J.B., A.K.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030; Department of Internal Medicine (J.D.B., R.R.S., C.A.S., A.M.C., E.G.-S., K.L.I.), Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; Institute for Aging Research (K.M.M.), Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; and Yale Center for Analytical Sciences (J.R., J.D.), Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cusano
authors.affiliation: Department of Allied Health Sciences (J.E.K., J.D.B., S.L., B.M.K., E.G.-S.), University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-1101; Center on Aging (A.M.K., J.B., A.K.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030; Department of Internal Medicine (J.D.B., R.R.S., C.A.S., A.M.C., E.G.-S., K.L.I.), Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; Institute for Aging Research (K.M.M.), Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; and Yale Center for Analytical Sciences (J.R., J.D.), Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gaffney-Stomberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Allied Health Sciences (J.E.K., J.D.B., S.L., B.M.K., E.G.-S.), University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-1101; Center on Aging (A.M.K., J.B., A.K.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030; Department of Internal Medicine (J.D.B., R.R.S., C.A.S., A.M.C., E.G.-S., K.L.I.), Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; Institute for Aging Research (K.M.M.), Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; and Yale Center for Analytical Sciences (J.R., J.D.), Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kleppinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Allied Health Sciences (J.E.K., J.D.B., S.L., B.M.K., E.G.-S.), University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-1101; Center on Aging (A.M.K., J.B., A.K.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030; Department of Internal Medicine (J.D.B., R.R.S., C.A.S., A.M.C., E.G.-S., K.L.I.), Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; Institute for Aging Research (K.M.M.), Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; and Yale Center for Analytical Sciences (J.R., J.D.), Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.
authors.forename: Jesse
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.affiliation: Department of Allied Health Sciences (J.E.K., J.D.B., S.L., B.M.K., E.G.-S.), University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-1101; Center on Aging (A.M.K., J.B., A.K.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030; Department of Internal Medicine (J.D.B., R.R.S., C.A.S., A.M.C., E.G.-S., K.L.I.), Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; Institute for Aging Research (K.M.M.), Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; and Yale Center for Analytical Sciences (J.R., J.D.), Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dziura
authors.affiliation: Department of Allied Health Sciences (J.E.K., J.D.B., S.L., B.M.K., E.G.-S.), University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-1101; Center on Aging (A.M.K., J.B., A.K.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030; Department of Internal Medicine (J.D.B., R.R.S., C.A.S., A.M.C., E.G.-S., K.L.I.), Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; Institute for Aging Research (K.M.M.), Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; and Yale Center for Analytical Sciences (J.R., J.D.), Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kenny
authors.affiliation: Department of Allied Health Sciences (J.E.K., J.D.B., S.L., B.M.K., E.G.-S.), University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-1101; Center on Aging (A.M.K., J.B., A.K.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030; Department of Internal Medicine (J.D.B., R.R.S., C.A.S., A.M.C., E.G.-S., K.L.I.), Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; Institute for Aging Research (K.M.M.), Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; and Yale Center for Analytical Sciences (J.R., J.D.), Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.
authors.forename: Karl L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Insogna
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D000067816:Whey Proteins; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D008894:Milk Proteins; D000067816:Whey Proteins
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