title: Pleiotropic effect of chromosome 5A and the mvp mutation on the metabolite profile during cold acclimation and the vegetative/generative transition in wheat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Wheat is the leading source of vegetable protein in the human diet, and metabolites are crucial for both plant development and human nutrition. The recent advances in metabolomics provided an opportunity to perform an untargeted metabolite analysis in this important crop.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Wheat was characterised at the metabolite level during cold acclimation and transition from the vegetative to the generative phase. The relationship between these changes and chromosome 5A and the maintained vegetative phase (mvp) mutation was also investigated. Samples were taken from the shoots and crowns during four developmental stages: plants grown at 20/17°C, after cold treatment but still during the vegetative phase, at the double ridge and during spikelet formation. The levels of 47 compounds were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, of which 38 were annotated. The cold treatment, in general, increased the concentrations of osmolites but not in all lines and not equally in the shoots and crowns. The accumulation of proline was not associated with the vernalisation process or with frost tolerance. The mvp mutation and chromosome 5A substitutions altered the amounts of several metabolites compared to those of the Tm and CS, respectively, during each developmental stage. The Ch5A substitution resulted in more substantial changes at the metabolite level than did the Tsp5A substitution. While Ch5A mainly influenced the sugar concentrations, Tsp5A altered the level of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates during the vegetative/generative transition. A much higher trehalose, proline, glutamine, asparagine, and unidentified m/z 186 content was detected in crowns than in shoots that may contribute to the frost tolerance of crowns.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Substantial influences of chromosome 5A and the mvp mutation on metabolism during four different developmental stages were demonstrated. The distinct and overlapping accumulation patterns of metabolites suggest the complex genetic regulation of metabolism in the shoots and crowns.
authors.forename: Zsófia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Juhász
authors.forename: Ákos
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Boldizsár
authors.forename: Tibor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kocsy
authors.forename: Ferenc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marincs
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Galiba
authors.forename: Zsófia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bánfalvi
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization; D032461:Chromosomes, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003080:Cold Temperature; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D058685:Genetic Pleiotropy; D005838:Genotype; D055442:Metabolome / Q000235:genetics; D055432:Metabolomics; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014908:Triticum / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins
references.citation: Theor Appl Genet. 1996 Sep;93(4):554-9
references.pmid: 24162347
references.citation: Mol Genet Genomics. 2010 Apr;283(4):351-63
references.pmid: 20179969
references.citation: Plant Signal Behav. 2012 Nov;7(11):1456-66
references.pmid: 22951402
references.citation: BMC Plant Biol. 2012;12:131
references.pmid: 22863402
references.citation: Mol Genet Genomics. 2009 Aug;282(2):141-52
references.pmid: 19421778
references.citation: Mol Genet Genomics. 2010 Mar;283(3):223-32
references.pmid: 20063107
references.citation: BMC Plant Biol. 2010;10:239
references.pmid: 21054876
references.citation: Ann Bot. 2009 Jun;103(8):1165-72
references.pmid: 19304997
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 1983 Nov;73(3):773-7
references.pmid: 16663299
references.citation: Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2009 Apr;12(2):178-84
references.pmid: 19195924
references.citation: Mol Genet Genomics. 2006 Feb;275(2):193-203
references.pmid: 16362370
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 1995 Oct;109(2):697-706
references.pmid: 12228623
references.citation: Cryo Letters. 2004 Sep-Oct;25(5):311-22
references.pmid: 15618983
references.citation: Genes Genet Syst. 2007 Apr;82(2):167-70
references.pmid: 17507783
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2010 Aug;153(4):1846-58
references.pmid: 20571115
references.citation: BMC Plant Biol. 2013;13:44
references.pmid: 23497220
references.citation: J Exp Bot. 2005 Jan;56(410):297-307
references.pmid: 15596477
references.citation: Theor Appl Genet. 1981 Mar;59(3):145-52
references.pmid: 24276440
references.citation: Ann Bot. 2014 Mar;113(4):681-93
references.pmid: 24323247
references.citation: J Exp Bot. 2014 Jun;65(9):2271-86
references.pmid: 24683181
references.citation: Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2006 Apr;39(1):70-82
references.pmid: 16504543
references.citation: Physiol Plant. 2008 Feb;132(2):220-35
references.pmid: 18251863
references.citation: J Exp Bot. 2003 Jan;54(382):513-24
references.pmid: 12508062
references.citation: J Biosci Bioeng. 2012 Jul;114(1):86-91
references.pmid: 22627050
references.citation: Theor Appl Genet. 1992 Dec;85(4):415-8
references.pmid: 24197455
references.citation: Ann Bot. 2004 Nov;94(5):717-24
references.pmid: 15374834
references.citation: Trends Plant Sci. 2007 Aug;12(8):352-7
references.pmid: 17629542
references.citation: Plant Biotechnol J. 2010 Sep;8(7):749-71
references.pmid: 20561247
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2003 Aug;132(4):1849-60
references.pmid: 12913142
references.citation: Mol Genet Genomics. 2005 Dec;274(5):506-14
references.pmid: 16200412
references.citation: Cell Mol Life Sci. 2012 Oct;69(19):3225-43
references.pmid: 22885821
references.citation: BMC Mol Biol. 2009;10:11
references.pmid: 19232096
references.citation: Plant Cell Physiol. 2013 Dec;54(12):1976-88
references.pmid: 24058150
references.citation: PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e55431
references.pmid: 23383190
references.citation: J Exp Bot. 2008;59(9):2393-402
references.pmid: 18508811
references.citation: Theor Appl Genet. 2009 Mar;118(5):881-9
references.pmid: 19130033
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2011 Jul;23(7):2477-82
references.pmid: 21771932