title: Anti-inflammatory and wound healing potential of cashew apple juice (Anacardium occidentale L.) in mice.
abstract: Cashew apple is a tropical pseudofruit consumed as juice due to its excellent nutritional and sensory properties. In spite of being well known for its important antioxidant properties, the cashew apple has not been thoroughly investigated for its therapeutic potential. Thereby, this study evaluated the antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing activities of cashew apple juice. Juices from ripe and immature cashew apples were analyzed for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties. Those were evaluated in murine models of xylene-induced ear edema and wound excision. Swiss mice were treated with cashew juice by gavage. Edema thickness was measured and skin lesions were analyzed by planimetry and histology. Both antioxidant content and total antioxidant activity were higher in ripe cashew apple juice (RCAJ) than in unripe cashew apple juice (UNCAJ). The UNCAJ presented the main anti-inflammatory activity by a significant inhibition of ear edema (66.5%) when compared to RCAJ (10%). Moreover, UNCAJ also showed the best result for wound contraction (86.31%) compared to RCAJ (67.54%). Despite of higher antioxidant capacity, RCAJ did not promote better anti-inflammatory, and healing responses, which may be explained by the fact that treatment increased antioxidants level leading to a redox "imbalance" turning down the inflammatory response modulation exerted by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The results suggest that UNCAJ presents a greater therapeutic activity due to a synergistic effect of its phytochemical components, which improve the immunological mechanisms as well as an optimal balance between ROS and antioxidants leading to a better wound healing process.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, CEP 60451-970 Fortaleza, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mirele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: da Silveira Vasconcelos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, CEP 60451-970 Fortaleza, Brazil.
authors.forename: Neuza F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Gomes-Rochette
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, CEP 60740-903 Fortaleza, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Liduína M
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, CEP 60740-903 Fortaleza, Brazil.
authors.forename: Diana Célia S
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Nunes-Pinheiro
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, CEP 60740-903 Fortaleza, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriana R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Tomé
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, CEP 60451-970 Fortaleza, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco Yuri
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Maia de Sousa
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, CEP 60740-903 Fortaleza, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco Geraldo M
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Pinheiro
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, CEP 60511-110 Fortaleza, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Farley H
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Moura
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, CEP 60451-970 Fortaleza, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Raquel A
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, CEP 60455-760 Fortaleza, Brazil.
authors.forename: Erika Freitas
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Mota
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, CEP 60451-970 Fortaleza, Brazil fernandesdemelod@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Dirce Fernandes
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: de Melo
mesh_terms: D031021:Anacardium / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D000067030:Fruit and Vegetable Juices; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010031:Otitis / Q000188:drug therapy; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents
keywords: Anacardium occidentale; antioxidants; inflammation; wound healing activity
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