title: Safety of a water flosser: a literature review.
abstract: Since their introduction more than 50 years ago, water flossers (also known as oral irrigators) have been subject to numerous studies on their safety, efficacy, and delivery of antimicrobial agents, particularly in relation to their ability to impact clinical parameters such as plaque, bleeding, gingivitis, pocket depth, and calculus. Evidence based on such studies and decades of use by the public continues to support their safety and efficacy and disproves suggestions of possible detrimental effects on the attachment, junctional epithelium, or pocket depth.
authors.affiliation: Lecturer, UCLA School of Dentistry; Private Practice, Davis, California; Diplomate, American Board of Periodontology.
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Jolkovsky
authors.affiliation: Director of Research, Water Pik, Inc., Fort Collins, Colorado.
authors.forename: Deborah M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Lyle
mesh_terms: D003742:Dental Devices, Home Care; D006801:Humans; D009910:Oral Hygiene / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water