title: Risk factors for developing hepatocellular carcinoma in Egypt.
abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common disorder worldwide and ranks 2nd and 6th most common cancer among men and women in Egypt. HCC has a rising incidence in Egypt mostly due to high prevalence of viral hepatitis and its complications. Proper management requires the interaction of multidisciplinary HCC clinic to choose the most appropriate plan. The different modalities of treatment include resection (surgery or transplantation), local ablation, chemoembolization, radioembolization and molecular targeted therapies. This paper summarizes both the environmental and host related risk factors of HCC in Egypt including well-established risk factors such as hepatitis virus infection, aflatoxin, as well as possible risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ashraf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Omar
authors.affiliation: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Medical College at Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Ghassan K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Abou-Alfa
authors.affiliation: Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khairy
authors.affiliation: Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Heba
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Omar
keywords: Egypt; Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); epidemiology; risk factors