title: Carotene Degradation and Isomerization during Thermal Processing: A Review on the Kinetic Aspects.
abstract: Kinetic models are important tools for process design and optimization to balance desired and undesired reactions taking place in complex food systems during food processing and preservation. This review covers the state of the art on kinetic models available to describe heat-induced conversion of carotenoids, in particular lycopene and β-carotene. First, relevant properties of these carotenoids are discussed. Second, some general aspects of kinetic modeling are introduced, including both empirical single-response modeling and mechanism-based multi-response modeling. The merits of multi-response modeling to simultaneously describe carotene degradation and isomerization are demonstrated. The future challenge in this research field lies in the extension of the current multi-response models to better approach the real reaction pathway and in the integration of kinetic models with mass transfer models in case of reaction in multi-phase food systems.
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe) , Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S) , Ku Leuven, Leuven , Belgium.
authors.forename: Ines J P
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Colle
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe) , Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S) , Ku Leuven, Leuven , Belgium.
authors.forename: Lien
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lemmens
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe) , Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S) , Ku Leuven, Leuven , Belgium.
authors.forename: Griet
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Knockaert
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe) , Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S) , Ku Leuven, Leuven , Belgium.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van Loey
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe) , Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S) , Ku Leuven, Leuven , Belgium.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hendrickx
mesh_terms: D002338:Carotenoids / Q000737:chemistry*; D005511:Food Handling; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007536:Isomerism; D000077276:Lycopene; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000737:chemistry; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D019207:beta Carotene; D002338:Carotenoids; D000077276:Lycopene
keywords: Kinetics; lycopene; multi-response modeling; single-response modeling; β-carotene