title: Urinary albumin and transferrin as early diagnostic markers of chronic kidney disease.
abstract: Feline renal diseases are increasingly noted in veterinary practice. It is important to diagnose and identify the pathological basis of renal dysfunction accurately at an early stage, but there are only a few reports on this area in clinical veterinary medicine. We investigated the efficacy of measurement of urinary albumin (u-Alb) and urinary transferrin (u-Tf) for early diagnosis using 5-µl urine samples collected noninvasively by catheterization from normal (IRIS stage I) cats and cats with stage I chronic kidney disease (CKD). The u-Alb levels in normal and stage I CKD cats were 6.0 ± 4.5 and 11.2 ± 8.4 mg/dl, respectively, and the u-Tf levels were 0.09 ± 0.42 and 0.52 ± 0.79 mg/dl, respectively. Based on ROC curve analysis, the sensitivity and specificity of u-Alb and u-Tf were higher than those of the currently used biomarker, the plasma creatinine level. The sensitivity of u-Alb was higher than that of u-Tf, whereas the specificity of u-Tf was higher than that of u-Alb. The validity of the threshold albumin level (20 mg/dl) was confirmed by measurements using SDS-PAGE. Since leakage of u-Tf in urine precedes leakage of u-Alb, inclusion of u-Tf in biochemistry tests may be appropriate for IRIS staging as a diagnostic marker of early diagnosis of renal disorder in cats.
authors.affiliation: Maeda Veterinary Hospital, 1-4-8 Yamatemachi, Tomakomai, Hokkaido 053-0851, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sogawa
authors.forename: Kazuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
authors.forename: Saori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sagizaka
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.forename: Waka
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Horie
authors.forename: Toshifumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Yui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Mamoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sanda
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D002415:Cats / Q000652:urine; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine / Q000662:veterinary*; D014168:Transferrin / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D014168:Transferrin
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