title: Short-Term Adjuvant Therapy with Terminalia arjuna Attenuates Ongoing Inflammation and Immune Imbalance in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease: In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence.
abstract: The present study evaluated the cardioprotective effects of Terminalia arjuna on classical and immuno-inflammatory markers in coronary artery disease (CAD) as an adjuvant therapy. One hundred sixteen patients with stable CAD were administered placebo/T. arjuna (500 mg twice a day) along with medications in a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. To understand the specificity and efficacy of T. arjuna, we evaluated its effect through microarray and in silico analysis in few representative samples. Data was further validated via real-time PCR (n = 50) each at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months, respectively. rIL-18 cytokine was used to induce inflammation in vitro to compare its effects with atorvastatin. T. arjuna significantly down-regulated TG, VLDL-C, and immuno-inflammatory markers in stable CAD versus placebo-treated subjects. Microarray and pathway analysis of a few samples from T. arjuna/placebo-treated groups and real-time PCR validation further confirmed our observations. Our data demonstrate the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of T. arjuna that may attenuate ongoing inflammation and immune imbalance in medicated CAD subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Divya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.forename: Dimple
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trikha
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vijayvergiya
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Parashar
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kaul
authors.forename: Veena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dhawan
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000069059:Atorvastatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL / Q000097:blood; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D029766:Terminalia; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D020382:Interleukin-18; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014280:Triglycerides; D000069059:Atorvastatin
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