title: Serotype shift of a 793/B genotype infectious bronchitis coronavirus by natural recombination.
abstract: An infectious bronchitis coronavirus, designated as ck/CH/LHLJ/140906, was isolated from an infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strain H120-vaccinated chicken flock, which presented with a suspected infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infection. A phylogenetic analysis based on the S1 gene clustered ck/CH/LHLJ/140906 with the 793/B group; however, a pairwise comparison showed that the 5' terminal of the S1 gene (containing hypervariable regions I and II) had high sequence identity with the H120 strain, while the 3' terminal sequence was very similar to that of IBV 4/91 strain. A SimPlot analysis of the complete genomic sequence, which was confirmed by a phylogenetic analysis and nucleotide similarities using the corresponding gene fragments, suggested that isolate ck/CH/LHLJ/140906 emerged from multiple recombination events between parental IBV strains 4/91 and H120. Although the isolate ck/CH/LHLJ/140906 had slightly higher S1 amino acid sequence identity to strain 4/91 (88.2%) than to strain H120 (86%), the serotype of the virus was more closely related to that of the H120 strain (32% antigenic relatedness) than to the 4/91 strain (15% antigenic relatedness). Whereas, vaccination of specific pathogen-free chickens with the 4/91 vaccine provided better protection against challenge with ck/CH/LHLJ/140906 than did vaccination with the H120 strain according to the result of virus re-isolation. As the spike protein, especially in the hypervariable regions of the S1 domain, of IBVs contains viral neutralizing epitopes, the results of this study showed that recombination of the S1 domain resulted in the emergence of a new serotype.
authors.affiliation: Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zongxi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qianqian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qiuling
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Mengying
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuhao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Huixin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiangang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: swliu@hvri.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Shengwang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001991:Bronchitis / Q000662:veterinary / Q000821:virology*; D002645:Chickens / Q000821:virology*; D017934:Coronavirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000662:veterinary*; D005814:Genes, Viral; D023281:Genomics; D005838:Genotype; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D010802:Phylogeny; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000821:virology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D065288:Serogroup; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: Genotype; Infectious bronchitis coronavirus; Recombination; Serotype; Vaccination-challenge test
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