title: Head-shaking and Vibration-induced Nystagmus During and Between the Attacks of Unilateral Ménière's Disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To aid in defining each phase of Ménière's disease (MD) and underlying vestibular pathophysiology by analyzing the evolving patterns of spontaneous, head-shaking (HSN), and vibration-induced nystagmus (VIN) during and between the attacks of MD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series review.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the patterns of HSN and VIN during 123 attacks from 87 patients who had definite unilateral MD and underwent recording of eye movements both during and between the attacks using video-oculography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HSN tended to beat toward the lesion side during the irritative phase (80.0%) and toward the healthy side during the paretic phase (82.9%). In contrast, VIN was more commonly induced during the irritative phase (63.7%) and more likely beat toward the healthy side irrespective of the phases evaluated (84.3%). Directional dissociation may occur between HSN and VIN, especially during the irritative phase when HSN mostly beat to the lesion side, but VIN is toward the healthy side.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The characteristic patterns of HSN and VIN during each phase of MD would aid in defining the acute phases of MD and understanding the underlying vestibular pathophysiology.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon; †Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu; ‡Section of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Regional Clinical Trial Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon; §Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; and ∥Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sun-Uk
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyun-Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kee
authors.forename: Seung Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Sheen
authors.forename: Byung Yoon
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Ja-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.forename: Ji-Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D020820:Dyskinesias / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006257:Head / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008575:Meniere Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009759:Nystagmus, Pathologic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014732:Vibration