title: Orbital fracture in a professional diver: issues and management.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We present a case report of a professional diver who sustained a fracture of the left orbital medial wall as well as floor exceeding 50% with orbital fat herniation blocking the maxillary sinus ostium. This may result in a closed cavity within the maxillary sinus that could potentially result in barotraumas during future diving. The aim of his surgery consists of repairing the orbital fracture and to aerating the sinus at the same sitting.
  
  
  METHODS
  A transconjunctival approach was used combined with endoscopic sinus surgery approach to the maxillary sinus. The orbital floor fracture was repaired with a titanium plate. A wide middle meatal antrostomy was performed. A size eight Foley's catheter was inserted into the maxillary sinus and the balloon inflated to elevate and support the displaced inferior orbital floor bone fragment. The balloon was left in situ for 4 weeks to support the mobile inferior orbital fragment till adequate bone healing and stability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient recovered well. At 3 months post-operatively, the maxillary antrostomy remained patent, and a hyperbaric oxygen challenge test was performed with success. A repeat orbital CT scan 1 day after hyperbaric challenge showed no signs of air leakage, and the bony inferior orbital floor fracture has healed completely with the titanium plate in situ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first case report of repair of orbital floor fracture with simultaneous aeration of the maxillary sinus in a professional diver using a combined approach. The patient was able to resume his occupation as a professional diver following surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Facial Plastic Surgery Service, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433 Singapore.
authors.forename: Dennis Yu Kim
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Chua
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Facial Plastic Surgery Service, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433 Singapore.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lo
keywords: Orbital fracture; Scuba diving; Sinus barotrauma
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