title: Evaluation of bone regeneration with biphasic calcium phosphate substitute implanted with bone morphogenetic protein 2 and mesenchymal stem cells in a rabbit calvarial defect model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo osteogenic potential of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), and/or mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) composites by using a rabbit calvarial defect model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bone formation was assessed by using three different kinds of implants in rabbit calvarial defects, BCP alone, BCP/recombinant human (rh) BMP-2, and BCP/rhBMP-2/MSCs composite. The implants were harvested after 2 or 8 weeks, and the area of new bone formation was quantified by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histologic studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest bone formation was achieved with the BCP/rhBMP-2/MSCs treatment, and it was significantly higher than that achieved with the empty or BCP-alone treatment. The quantity of new bone at 8 weeks was greater than at 4 weeks in each group. The relative density of osteocalcin immunoreactivity also increased during this interval.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that the combination of BCP, rhBMP-2, and MSCs synergistically enhances osteogenic potential during the early healing period and could be used as a bone graft substitute.
authors.affiliation: Wonkwang Bone Regeneration Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Daejeon Korea; Bonecell Biotech Inc., Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Beom-Su
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea.
authors.forename: Moon-Ki
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Daejeon Dental Hospital, Wonkwang University, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Daejeon Dental Hospital, Wonkwang University, Daejeon, Korea. Electronic address: Omslee@wku.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D023421:Models, Animal; D011817:Rabbits; D012886:Skull / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates