title: Effectiveness of psycho-educational intervention in improving outcome of unipolar depression: results from a randomised clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Depressive disorders are one of the leading components of the global burden of disease with a prevalence of up to 14% in the general population. Numerous studies have demonstrated that pharmacotherapy combined with non-pharmacological measures offer the best treatment approach. Psycho-education as an intervention has been studied mostly in disorders such as schizophrenia and dementia, less so in depressive disorders. The present study aimed to assess the impact of psycho-education of patients and their caregivers on the outcome of depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 80 eligible depressed subjects were recruited and randomised into 2 groups. The study group involved an eligible family member and all were offered individual structured psycho-educational modules. Another group (controls) received routine counselling. The subjects in both groups also received routine pharmacotherapy and counselling from the treating clinician and were assessed at baseline, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), and Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWBI). Results from both groups were compared using statistical methods including Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Student's t test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, as well as univariate and multiple regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline socio-demographic and assessment measures were similar in both groups. The study group had consistent improvement in terms of outcome measures with HDRS, GAF, and PGWBI scores showing respective mean change of -15.08, 22, and 60 over 12 weeks. The comparable respective changes in the controls were -8.77, 18.1, and 43.25.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Structured psycho-education combined with pharmacotherapy is an effective intervention for people with depressive disorders. Psycho-education optimises the pharmacological treatment of depression in terms of faster recovery, reduction in severity of depression, and improvement in subjective wellbeing and social functioning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi 110029, India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, GB Pant Hospital and Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi 110029, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003376:Counseling; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Depression; Psychotherapy; Randomized controlled trial; Treatment outcome