title: Capillary deposition of complement C4d and C3d in Chinese renal allograft biopsies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  C3d is a product of both the classic and the alternative complement cascades; however, few studies have addressed the role of C3d in renal biopsies and its relationship with long-term graft survival rate is not very clear.
  
  
  METHODS
  94 patients with biopsy-proven acute rejection episodes were included in the study. We investigated the associations between histological findings, clinical examinations, and outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall prevalence for C4dPTC and C3dPTC was 42.6% and 29.8%. There was a significant association between C3dPTC and C4dPTC (P < 0.001). C3dPTC and C4dPTC were related with histological types (P = 0.024 and P < 0.001, resp.). The long-term survival rate for C4dPTC positive transplants was lower than that of C4dPTC negative transplants, but it was not statistic significant in our study (P = 0.150). The survival rate of C3dPTC positive group was much lower than the negative group (P = 0.014). Patients with double positives for C4dPTC and C3dPTC exhibited the lowest survival rate significantly different from those of the C3dPTC only and C4dPTC only groups (P = 0.01 and P = 0.0037).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This longitudinal cohort study has demonstrated that C3d deposition in the PTC was closely related to renal dysfunction and pathological changes.
authors.affiliation: Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China ; Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China ; Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China ; Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China ; Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China ; Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China ; Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China ; Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China ; Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China ; Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China ; Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China ; Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China ; Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China.
authors.forename: Guangjun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China ; Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China ; Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China ; Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China.
authors.forename: Wenqing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China ; Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China ; Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China ; Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China.
authors.forename: Jianghua
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3282-3998
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D064591:Allografts / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002196:Capillaries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015933:Complement C3d / Q000378:metabolism*; D015935:Complement C4b / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010446:Peptide Fragments; D015933:Complement C3d; D015935:Complement C4b; C032261:complement C4d
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