title: Antileishmanial and cytotoxic compounds from Valeriana wallichii and identification of a novel nepetolactone derivative.
abstract: The chloroform extract of Valeriana wallichii (V. wallichii) rhizomes was investigated to elucidate the structures responsible for reported antileishmanial activity. Besides bornyl caffeate (1, already been reported by us previously), bioassay-guided fractionation resulted in two additional cinnamic acid derivatives 2-3 with moderate leishmanicidal activity. The structure of a novel nepetolactone derivative 4 having a cinnamic acid moiety was elucidated by means of spectral analysis. To the best of our knowledge villoside aglycone (5) was isolated from this plant for the first time. The bioassay-guided fractionation yielded two new (compounds 6-7) and two known valtrates (compounds 8-9) with leishmanicidal potential against Leishmania major (L. major) promastigotes. In addition, β-bisabolol (10), α-kessyl alcohol (11), valeranone (12), bornyl isovalerate (13) and linarin-2-O-methylbutyrate (14) were identified. This is the first report on the isolation of 4'-demethylpodophyllotoxin (15), podophyllotoxin (16) and pinoresinol (17) in V. wallichii. In total thirteen known and four new compounds were identified from the extract and their cytotoxic and antileishmanial properties were evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany. jan.glaser@uni-wuerzburg.de.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Glaser
authors.affiliation: Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany. martina.schultheis@uni-wuerzburg.de.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schultheis
authors.affiliation: Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany. heidrun.moll@uni-wuerzburg.de.
authors.forename: Heidrun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moll
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India. banasrihazra@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Banasri
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hazra
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany. u.holzgrabe@pharmazie.uni-wuerzburg.de.
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Holzgrabe
mesh_terms: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018320:Leishmania major / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000081223:Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; D027343:Rhizome / Q000737:chemistry; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014632:Valerian / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000081223:Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C016179:valeranone
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