title: Improved stress corrosion cracking resistance of a novel biodegradable EW62 magnesium alloy by rapid solidification, in simulated electrolytes.
abstract: The high corrosion rate of magnesium (Mg) and Mg-alloys precludes their widespread acceptance as implantable biomaterials. Here, we investigated the potential for rapid solidification (RS) to increase the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance of a novel Mg alloy, Mg-6%Nd-2%Y-0.5%Zr (EW62), in comparison to its conventionally cast (CC) counterpart. RS ribbons were extrusion consolidated in order to generate bioimplant-relevant geometries for testing and practical use. Microstructural characteristics were examined by SEM. Corrosion rates were calculated based upon hydrogen evolution during immersion testing. The surface layer of the tested alloys was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Stress corrosion resistance was assessed by slow strain rate testing and fractography. The results indicate that the corrosion resistance of the RS alloy is significantly improved relative to the CC alloy due to a supersaturated Nd enrichment that increases the Nd2O3 content in the external oxide layer, as well as a more homogeneous structure and reduced grain size. These improvements contributed to the reduced formation of hydrogen gas and hydrogen embrittlement, which reduced the SCC sensitivity relative to the CC alloy. Therefore, EW62 in the form of a rapidly solidified extruded structure may serve as a biodegradable implant for biomedical applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hakimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aghion
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Department, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA. Electronic address: jgoldman@mtu.edu.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goldman
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000497:Alloys; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry*; D003343:Corrosion; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000737:chemistry; D006244:Hardness; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D008274:Magnesium / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004573:Electrolytes; D006859:Hydrogen; D008274:Magnesium
keywords: EW62 alloy; Magnesium; Rapid solidification; Stress corrosion cracking