title: Experimental evaluation of the effects of Ankaferd Blood Stopper and collagenated heterologous bone graft on bone healing in sinus floor augmentation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of collagenated heterologous bone graft (CHBG) and Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS), a plant extract, on bone healing after sinus floor augmentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six New Zealand rabbits were used. Bilateral sinus augmentation was performed, and 72 bone defects were created. The maxillary sinuses were grafted with four different biomaterials: blood clot (control group), CHBG (Apatos Mix, OsteoBiol, Tecnoss) (graft group), ABS (ABS group), and ABS + CHBG (ABS+graft group). The rabbits were sacrificed at 1, 4, and 8 weeks after surgery. Histochemical and immunohistochemical examinations were performed on all samples. Staining with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson trichrome was performed, and bone marker activity was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lymphocyte infiltration was high at the first week in all groups and decreased from 1 to 8 weeks. All materials were biocompatible. Osteoclast numbers increased in the control group from 1 to 8 weeks and decreased in the other groups. There was no new bone formation in week 1 in all groups. New bone formation increased in all groups from 1 to 8 weeks, and at the fourth week, new bone formation was greater in the ABS and ABS+graft groups than in the other groups. There were osteoclasts around the bone graft materials, but degeneration of the graft was seen only in the ABS+graft group at week 8.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ABS accelerates bone healing in sinus augmentation procedures and can be used alone or with CHBG. CHBG has osteoconductive properties, and ABS can accelerate bone graft degeneration.
authors.forename: Merve
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cakir
authors.forename: İnci Rana
authors.initials: İR
authors.lastname: Karaca
authors.forename: Ayşegül
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Firat
authors.forename: Figen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kaymaz
authors.forename: Suleyman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bozkaya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000601:surgery*; D010011:Osteocytes / Q000473:pathology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011817:Rabbits; D059546:Sinus Floor Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015415:Biomarkers; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D010936:Plant Extracts; C539751:ankaferd blood stopper