title: Kinesin's front head is gated by the backward orientation of its neck linker.
abstract: Kinesin-1 is a two-headed motor that takes processive 8-nm hand-over-hand steps and transports intracellular cargos toward the plus-end of microtubules. Processive motility requires a gating mechanism to coordinate the mechanochemical cycles of the two heads. Kinesin gating involves neck linker (NL), a short peptide that interconnects the heads, but it remains unclear whether gating is facilitated by the NL orientation or tension. Using optical trapping, we measured the force-dependent microtubule release rate of kinesin monomers under different nucleotide conditions and pulling geometries. We find that pulling NL in the backward direction inhibits nucleotide binding and subsequent release from the microtubule. This inhibition is independent of the magnitude of tension (2-8 pN) exerted on NL. Our results provide evidence that the front head of a kinesin dimer is gated by the backward orientation of its NL until the rear head releases from the microtubule.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Merve Yusra
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Dogan
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Sinan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Can
authors.affiliation: Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Frank B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Cleary
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Vedud
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Purde
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Electronic address: yildiz@berkeley.edu.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yildiz
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D001692:Biological Transport; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D016547:Kinesins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism*; D055503:Protein Multimerization / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D016547:Kinesins
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