title: Negative energy balance induced by paradoxical sleep deprivation causes multicompartmental changes in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle.
abstract: Objective. Describe multicompartmental changes in the fat and various muscle fiber types, as well as the hormonal profile and metabolic rate induced by SD in rats. Methods. Twenty adult male Wistar rats were equally distributed into two groups: experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). The EG was submitted to SD for 96 h. Blood levels of corticosterone (CORT), total testosterone (TESTO), insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) were used to assess the catabolic environment. Muscle trophism was measured using a cross-sectional area of various muscles (glycolytic, mixed, and oxidative), and lipolysis was inferred by the weight of fat depots from various locations, such as subcutaneous, retroperitoneal, and epididymal. The metabolic rate was measured using oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]O2) measurement. Results. SD increased CORT levels and decreased TESTO, IGF-1, and T4. All fat depots were reduced in weight after SD. Glycolytic and mixed muscles showed atrophy, whereas atrophy was not observed in oxidative muscle. Conclusion. Our data suggest that glycolytic muscle fibers are more sensitive to atrophy than oxidative fibers during SD and that fat depots are reduced regardless of their location.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros 925, 04024-003 São Paulo, SP, Brazil ; Centro de Estudos em Psicobiologia e Exercício, Rua Marselhesa 500, 04020-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mônico-Neto
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos em Psicobiologia e Exercício, Rua Marselhesa 500, 04020-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil ; Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, 11015-020 Santos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sara Quaglia de Campos
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Giampá
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 04039-032 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kil Sun
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros 925, 04024-003 São Paulo, SP, Brazil ; Centro de Estudos em Psicobiologia e Exercício, Rua Marselhesa 500, 04020-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila Maria
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: de Melo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros 925, 04024-003 São Paulo, SP, Brazil ; Centro de Estudos em Psicobiologia e Exercício, Rua Marselhesa 500, 04020-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Helton de Sá
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0525-5371
authors.initials: Hde S
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros 925, 04024-003 São Paulo, SP, Brazil ; Centro de Estudos em Psicobiologia e Exercício, Rua Marselhesa 500, 04020-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Murilo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dáttilo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros 925, 04024-003 São Paulo, SP, Brazil ; Centro de Estudos em Psicobiologia e Exercício, Rua Marselhesa 500, 04020-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Alexandre
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Minali
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos em Psicobiologia e Exercício, Rua Marselhesa 500, 04020-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil ; Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, 11015-020 Santos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pedro Henrique
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Santos Prado
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros 925, 04024-003 São Paulo, SP, Brazil ; Centro de Estudos em Psicobiologia e Exercício, Rua Marselhesa 500, 04020-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tufik
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros 925, 04024-003 São Paulo, SP, Brazil ; Centro de Estudos em Psicobiologia e Exercício, Rua Marselhesa 500, 04020-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marco Túlio
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: de Mello
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos em Psicobiologia e Exercício, Rua Marselhesa 500, 04020-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil ; Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, 11015-020 Santos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Hanna Karen Moreira
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Antunes
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