title: Immuno-evasive tactics by schistosomes identify an effective allergy preventative.
abstract: Many chronic inflammatory diseases can be improved by helminth infection, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. Allergy and helminthiasis are both associated with Th2-like immune responses; thus, defining how infection with parasites leads to reduced allergy has been particularly challenging. We sought to better understand this conundrum by evaluating host-parasite interactions involved in Th2 immunity in human schistosomiasis. Immune cells were cultured with schistosomes and the effect on CD23, an IgE receptor associated with resistance in schistosomiasis, was evaluated. Cells treated with schistosomes demonstrated reduced surface CD23 levels with a parallel accumulation of soluble (s) CD23 suggesting this IgE receptor is proteolytically cleaved by the parasite. Consistent with this hypothesis, a schistosome-generated (SG)-sCD23 fragment of 15 kDa was identified. SG-sCD23 inhibited IgE from binding to CD23 and FcεRI, but lacked the ability to bind CD21. These results suggested that schistosomes target IgE-mediated immunity in immuno-evasive tactics. Based on its characteristics, we predicted that SG-sCD23 would function as an efficacious allergy preventative. Treatment of human FcεRI-transgenic mice with recombinant (r) SG-sCD23 reduced the ability of human IgE to induce an acute allergic response in vivo. In addition, an optimized form of rSG-sCD23 with an introduced point mutation at Asp258 (D258E)to stabilize IgE binding had increased efficacy compared to native rSG-sCD23. Schistosome infection may thus inhibit allergic-like protective immune responses by increasing soluble IgE decoy receptors. Allergy treatments based on this naturally occurring phenomenon may be highly effective and have fewer side effects with long-term use.
authors.affiliation: Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Qyana
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.affiliation: Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: YanMei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Whitworth
authors.affiliation: Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Russo
authors.affiliation: Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gul
authors.affiliation: Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Afzal A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Connor
authors.affiliation: Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisian, Kenya.
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mwinzi
authors.affiliation: Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: lisaganley@comcast.net.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ganley-Leal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D057131:Immune Evasion; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D017455:Receptors, IgE / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D012555:Schistosomiasis mansoni / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017455:Receptors, IgE; D007073:Immunoglobulin E
keywords: CD23; Host–parasite interactions; IgE; Schistosomes
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