title: Prevalence and treatment outcomes of second primary malignancies in Saudi patients with differentiated thyroid cancers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinicopathologic features, and explore the treatment outcomes of synchronous, or metachronous second primary malignancies (SPM) in conjunction with differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC).
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study was conducted on 823 DTC patients treated between 2000 and 2012 at 2 tertiary care hospitals (King Fahad Medical City and King Khalid University Hospital) in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Forty-one (5%) DTC patients were found to have SPM (61% metachronous and 39% synchronous). These patients with SPM were studied for clinicopathological features and treatment outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients with DTC and SPM were older (median age: 54.3 years) than those without SPM (median age: 43.2 years); p=0.04. The frequency of SPM was breast (51.2%), colon (12.2%), kidney (7.3%), astrocytoma (7.3%), parotid (7.3%), rectum (4.9%), lymphoma (4.9%), nasopharynx (2.4%), and stomach (2.4%). Median follow-up was 8.05 years. Ten-year disease free survival, and overall survival (OS) rates were lower in DTC patients with SPM (56.1% for 10-year survival, and 71.7% for OS) than without SPM (95.5% for 10-year survival, and 97.8% for OS); p=0.0001. Metachronous SPM had better 10-year disease free survival rates (60.2%) than synchronous SPM (45%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The co-occurrence of SPM with DTC affects long-term disease free survival and OS rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail. kalqahtani@ksu.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Khalid H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Al-Qahtani
authors.forename: Mushabbab
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Asiri
authors.forename: Mutahir A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Tunio
authors.forename: Naji J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Aljohani
authors.forename: Yasser
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bayoumi
authors.forename: Hussain
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Al-Hussain
authors.forename: Ahmad M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Maklad
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015996:Survival Rate; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
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