title: Deciduous-dentition malocclusion predicts orthodontic treatment needs later: findings from a population-based birth cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Estimating orthodontic treatment need in the permanent dentition using information from the deciduous-dentition malocclusion may assist in defining the time for appropriate orthodontic intervention. Our objective was to investigate whether malocclusion in the deciduous teeth predicts orthodontic treatment need in the permanent dentition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two oral health studies nested in a birth cohort were carried out at ages 6 (n = 359) and 12 (n = 339) years. Open bite, crossbite, and canine malocclusion were assessed in the deciduous teeth. Orthodontic treatment need was determined in the permanent dentition using the dental esthetic index. Prevalence ratios were estimated using 2 dental esthetic index cutoff points: highly desirable/mandatory orthodontic treatment and only mandatory orthodontic treatment. We tested all combinations of the deciduous malocclusion and the outcomes, controlling for confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children with only open bite and those with concurrent open bite and canine malocclusion were more likely to have either highly desirable/mandatory orthodontic treatment or only mandatory orthodontic treatment needs by age 12. The combination of crossbite and open bite in the deciduous teeth was associated with the highest risk of need for mandatory orthodontic treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Malocclusion in the deciduous teeth is a risk factor for orthodontic treatment need in the permanent dentition. Children with malocclusion at a young age should be monitored regularly, and caregivers may be able to better prepare for possible orthodontic treatment.
authors.affiliation: Associate professor, Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, School of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. Electronic address: karen.peres@adelaide.edu.au.
authors.forename: Karen Glazer
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Peres
authors.affiliation: Professor, Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, School of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Marco Aurelio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Peres
authors.affiliation: Professor, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: William Murray
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.affiliation: Senior lecturer, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Broadbent
authors.affiliation: Adjunct professor, Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pedro Cury
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Hallal
authors.affiliation: Associate professor, Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Batista
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Menezes
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D003481:Cuspid / Q000473:pathology; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005544:Forecasting; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D061326:Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000453:epidemiology*; D024343:Open Bite / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous