title: An ancestral bacterial division system is widespread in eukaryotic mitochondria.
abstract: Bacterial division initiates at the site of a contractile Z-ring composed of polymerized FtsZ. The location of the Z-ring in the cell is controlled by a system of three mutually antagonistic proteins, MinC, MinD, and MinE. Plastid division is also known to be dependent on homologs of these proteins, derived from the ancestral cyanobacterial endosymbiont that gave rise to plastids. In contrast, the mitochondria of model systems such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mammals, and Arabidopsis thaliana seem to have replaced the ancestral α-proteobacterial Min-based division machinery with host-derived dynamin-related proteins that form outer contractile rings. Here, we show that the mitochondrial division system of these model organisms is the exception, rather than the rule, for eukaryotes. We describe endosymbiont-derived, bacterial-like division systems comprising FtsZ and Min proteins in diverse less-studied eukaryote protistan lineages, including jakobid and heterolobosean excavates, a malawimonad, stramenopiles, amoebozoans, a breviate, and an apusomonad. For two of these taxa, the amoebozoan Dictyostelium purpureum and the jakobid Andalucia incarcerata, we confirm a mitochondrial localization of these proteins by their heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The discovery of a proteobacterial-like division system in mitochondria of diverse eukaryotic lineages suggests that it was the ancestral feature of all eukaryotic mitochondria and has been supplanted by a host-derived system multiple times in distinct eukaryote lineages.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Comparative Genomics and Evolutionary Bioinformatics (CGEB), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada, B3H 4R2;
authors.forename: Michelle M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Leger
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec (BIOCEV) Group, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic;
authors.forename: Markéta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petrů
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec (BIOCEV) Group, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic;
authors.forename: Vojtěch
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Žárský
authors.affiliation: Centre for Comparative Genomics and Evolutionary Bioinformatics (CGEB), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada, B3H 4R2;
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Eme
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic;
authors.forename: Čestmír
authors.initials: Č
authors.lastname: Vlček
authors.affiliation: Centre for Comparative Genomics and Evolutionary Bioinformatics (CGEB), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada, B3H 4R2;
authors.forename: Tommy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harding
authors.affiliation: Robert Cedergren Centre for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Département de Biochimie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3T 1J4; and.
authors.forename: B Franz
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eliáš
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec (BIOCEV) Group, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic;
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Doležal
authors.affiliation: Centre for Comparative Genomics and Evolutionary Bioinformatics (CGEB), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada, B3H 4R2; andrew.roger@dal.ca.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Roger
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics; D001419:Bacteria / Q000166:cytology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D004023:Dictyostelium / Q000378:metabolism; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D063154:Mitochondrial Dynamics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D018087:Plastids / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C071525:FtsZ protein, Bacteria; C080466:MinC protein, Bacteria; C093548:MinE protein, E coli; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; C072069:MinD protein, E coli
keywords: Min proteins; MinCDE; mitochondria; mitochondrial division; mitochondrial fission
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