title: Non-invasive biopsy of doped-ions inside optical substrate by modified two-photon microscopy.
abstract: Doped-ion based optical elements play key roles in optical signal processes, including amplification, absorption, wavelength-filtering, lighting, and polarizing plate. Non-invasively mapping the spatial distribution of the ion concentrations in these optical elements is highly desirable either during the fabrication process or to determine their optical qualities. In this work, we applied modified two-photon fluorescence (m-TPF) microscopy to trace the ion-distributions deep inside the optical elements. For demonstration purposes, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer films inside polarizing plates are taken as an example, where the spatial distributions of Iodine-dyed ions were measured by the m-TPF microscope in a fast and non-invasive way. The durability of the polarizer films can be distinguished from the axial distribution of the Iodine-dyed ions, without the need to perform a biopsy. This proposed method and demonstrated results show great potential for monitoring the spatial distributions of doped-ions in the optical elements quickly and non-destructively, which would be of great benefit in both scientific research and industrial applications.
authors.forename: Yao-Chin
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hsiang-Ning
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wang-Yang
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ming-Che
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Chan