title: Using frameworks to diagram value in complex policy and environmental interventions to prevent childhood obesity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To date, few tools assist policy makers and practitioners in understanding and conveying the implementation costs, potential impacts, and value of policy and environmental changes to address healthy eating, active living, and childhood obesity. For the Evaluation of Healthy Kids, Healthy Communities (HKHC), evaluators considered inputs (resources and investments) that generate costs and savings as well as benefits and harms related to social, economic, environmental, and health-related outcomes in their assessment of 49 HKHC community partnerships funded from 2009 to 2014.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using data collected through individual and group interviews and an online performance monitoring system, evaluators created a socioecological framework to assess investments, resources, costs, savings, benefits, and harms at the individual, organizational, community, and societal levels. Evaluators customized frameworks for 6 focal strategies: active transportation, parks and play spaces, child care physical activity standards, corner stores, farmers' markets, and child care nutrition standards.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To illustrate the Value Frameworks, this brief highlights the 38 HKHC communities implementing at least 1 active transportation strategy. Evaluators populated this conceptual Value Framework with themes from the strategy-specific inputs and outputs. The range of factors corresponding to the implementation and impact of the HKHC community partnerships are highlighted along with the inputs and outputs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Value Frameworks helped evaluators identify gaps in current analysis models (ie, benefit-cost analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis) as well as paint a more complete picture of value for potential obesity prevention strategies. These frameworks provide a comprehensive understanding of investments needed, proposed costs and savings, and potential benefits and harms associated with economic, social, environmental, and health outcomes. This framing also allowed evaluators to demonstrate the interdependence of each socioecological level on the others in these multicomponent interventions. This model can be used by practitioners and community leaders to assess realistic and sustainable strategies to combat childhood obesity.
authors.affiliation: Transtria LLC, St Louis, Missouri (Mss Swank and Kemner and Dr Brennan); and University of Memphis School of Public Health, Memphis, Tennessee (Dr Gentry).
authors.forename: Melissa Farrell
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Swank
authors.forename: Laura K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gentry
authors.forename: Allison L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Kemner
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004777:Environment; D006291:Health Policy / Q000639:trends; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D011634:Public Health / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards