title: Immune evasion activities of accessory proteins Vpu, Nef and Vif are conserved in acute and chronic HIV-1 infection.
abstract: Heterosexual HIV-1 transmission has been identified as a genetic bottleneck and a single transmitted/founder (T/F) variant with reduced sensitivity to type I interferon initiates productive infection in most cases. We hypothesized that particularly active accessory protein(s) may confer T/F viruses with a selective advantage in establishing HIV infection. Thus, we tested vpu, vif and nef alleles from six T/F and six chronic (CC) viruses in assays for 9 immune evasion activities involving the counteraction of interferon-stimulated genes and modulation of ligands known to activate innate immune cells. All functions were highly conserved with no significant differences between T/F and CC viruses, suggesting that these accessory protein functions are important throughout the course of infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mlcochova
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, King׳s College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Apolonia
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Silvia F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Kluge
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Aishwarya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sridharan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kirchhoff
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, King׳s College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Malim
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sauter
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Ravindra K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D054298:Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D057131:Immune Evasion; D008297:Male; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014779:Virus Replication; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000378:metabolism*; D054320:vif Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000378:metabolism*; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins
chemical_list: D054298:Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D054320:vif Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; C514837:nef protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; C514847:vif protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; C514859:vpu protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins
keywords: Accessory; Acute; Chronic; HIV; Nef; Vif; Vpu
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