title: Determination of biogenic amine profiles in conventional and organic cocoa-based products.
abstract: Cocoa contains many compounds such as biogenic amines (BAs), known to influence consumer health. Spermidine, spermidine, putrescine, histamine, tyramine, β-phenylethylamine, cadaverine and serotonine have been found in several cocoa-based products using HPLC with UV detection after derivatisation with dansyl-chloride. Once optimised in terms of linearity, percentage recovery, LOD, LOQ and repeatability, this method was applied to real samples. Total concentrations of BAs ranged from 5.7 to 79.0 µg g(-)(1) with wide variations depending on the type of sample. BAs present in all samples were in decreasing order: histamine (1.9-38.1 µg g(-)(1)) and tyramine (1.7-31.7 µg g(-)(1)), while putrescine (0.9-32.7 µg g(-)(1)), spermidine (1.0-9.7 µg g(-)(1)) and spermidine (0.6-9.3 µg g(-)(1)) were present in most of the samples. Cadaverine, serotonine and β-phenylethylamine were present in a few samples at much lower concentrations. Organic samples always contained much lower levels of BAs than their conventional counterparts and, generally speaking, the highest amounts of BAs were found in the most processed products.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences , University of Calabria , Arcavacata di Rende (CS) , Italy.
authors.forename: Donatella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Restuccia
authors.forename: U Gianfranco
authors.initials: UG
authors.lastname: Spizzirri
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Puoci
authors.forename: Nevio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Picci
mesh_terms: D001679:Biogenic Amines / Q000737:chemistry*; D002099:Cacao / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods; D058871:Organic Agriculture; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D001679:Biogenic Amines
keywords: LC-UV; biogenic amines; cocoa-based products; food quality; food safety