title: A little sugar goes a long way: the cell biology of O-GlcNAc.
abstract: Unlike the complex glycans decorating the cell surface, the O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification is a simple intracellular Ser/Thr-linked monosaccharide that is important for disease-relevant signaling and enzyme regulation. O-GlcNAcylation requires uridine diphosphate-GlcNAc, a precursor responsive to nutrient status and other environmental cues. Alternative splicing of the genes encoding the O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) yields isoforms targeted to discrete sites in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria. OGT and OGA also partner with cellular effectors and act in tandem with other posttranslational modifications. The enzymes of O-GlcNAc cycling act preferentially on intrinsically disordered domains of target proteins impacting transcription, metabolism, apoptosis, organelle biogenesis, and transport.
authors.forename: Michelle R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bond
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hanover
mesh_terms: D000117:Acetylglucosamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D017351:N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases / Q000235:genetics*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D014530:Uridine Diphosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D020033:Protein Isoforms; D014530:Uridine Diphosphate; D017351:N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases; C449880:O-GlcNAc transferase; C063057:UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-peptide beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase; D000117:Acetylglucosamine
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