title: Bioorganic fertilizer enhances soil suppressive capacity against bacterial wilt of tomato.
abstract: Tomato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most destructive soil-borne diseases. Many strategies have been taken to improve soil suppressiveness against this destructive disease, but limited success has been achieved. In this study, a novel bioorganic fertilizer revealed a higher suppressive ability against bacterial wilt compared with several soil management methods in the field over four growing seasons from March 2011 to July 2013. The application of the bioorganic fertilizer significantly (P<0.05) reduced disease incidence of tomato and increased fruit yields in four independent trials. The association among the level of disease incidence, soil physicochemical and biological properties was investigated. The soil treated with the bioorganic fertilizer increased soil pH value, electric conductivity, organic carbon, NH4+-N, NO3--N and available K content, microbial activities and microbial biomass carbon content, which were positively related with soil suppressiveness. Bacterial and actinomycete populations assessed using classical plate counts were highest, whereas R. solanacearum and fungal populations were lowest in soil applied with the bioorganic fertilizer. Microbial community diversity and richness were assessed using denaturing gel gradient electrophoresis profile analysis. The soil treated with the bioorganic fertilizer exhibited higher bacterial community diversity but lower fungal community diversity. Redundancy analysis showed that bacterial community diversity and richness negatively related with bacterial wilt suppressiveness, while fungal community richness positively correlated with R. solanacearum population. We concluded that the alteration of soil physicochemical and biological properties in soil treated with the bioorganic fertilizer induced the soil suppressiveness against tomato bacterial wilt.
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Chengliang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Shuangri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Rushan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Weiqing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xingxing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, Australia.
authors.forename: Caixian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yongsong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018533:Biomass; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D005308:Fertilizers / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D043368:Ralstonia solanacearum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D005308:Fertilizers; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D012987:Soil
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