title: Multiple tissue-specific expression of rice seed-shattering gene SH4 regulated by its promoter pSH4.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rice seed shattering is an important domestication syndrome encoded by a gene named as SH4. The coding region of SH4 has been well studied regarding its function and roles in evolution. However, its promoter has not been identified, which limited our understanding of the detailed regulatory mechanisms of this gene. It is therefore critical to characterize the promoter and study its expression pattern.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We analyzed the 5' upstream sequences of this gene and identified a ~2.6 kb fragment with typical promoter features, which was designated as pSH4. The promoter contained a number of cis-acting elements related to abscisic acid (ABA) and a CpG island that were characteristics of multiple tissue-specific expression. We isolated and ligated pSH4 to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene, and transformed it into a japonica rice cultivar to determine the multiple expression pattern of SH4. Histochemical location and fluorescence analyses of GUS activity of transgenic plants indicated multiple tissue-specific expression of pSH4 in the seed-pedicel junction region of mature panicles (with highest level), stems, coleoptiles of germinated seeds, and scutella of mature seeds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The multiple tissue-specific expression pSH4 is categorized as a spatiotemporal promoter that drives the expression of the SH4 gene in different rice tissues, in addition to the seed-pedicel junction region. Our findings suggest that SH4 may have additional functions in the growth and development of rice, apart from its major role in seed shattering.
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, 200436 China.
authors.forename: Huanxin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, 200436 China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, 200436 China.
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Agriculture, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wusi Road 247, Fuzhou, 350003 China.
authors.forename: Zhimin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Agriculture, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wusi Road 247, Fuzhou, 350003 China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, 200436 China.
authors.forename: Bao-Rong
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Lu
keywords: Abscission; Agrobacterium-mediated transformation; GUS; Gene expression; Oryza sativa; Sequence analysis; cis-acting elements
references.citation: Science. 2006 Jun 2;312(5778):1392-6
references.pmid: 16614172
references.citation: Plant J. 1996 Feb;9(2):217-27
references.pmid: 8820608
references.citation: Plant J. 2010 Jan;61(1):96-106
references.pmid: 19807881
references.citation: Plant Cell Rep. 2007 Nov;26(11):1919-31
references.pmid: 17661051
references.citation: New Phytol. 2006;170(1):185-93
references.pmid: 16539615
references.citation: Plant J. 1997 Jun;11(6):1237-51
references.pmid: 9225465
references.citation: BMC Plant Biol. 2011 Jan 14;11:14
references.pmid: 21235796
references.citation: Plant J. 2003 Jan;33(2):259-70
references.pmid: 12535340
references.citation: J Exp Bot. 2008;59(12):3247-58
references.pmid: 18603613
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 Oct 10;8(19):4321-5
references.pmid: 7433111
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2002;14 Suppl:S15-45
references.pmid: 12045268
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2000 Oct;124(2):641-54
references.pmid: 11027714
references.citation: Genes Dev. 2001 Oct 1;15(19):2503-8
references.pmid: 11581155
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2001 Jun;126(2):494-500
references.pmid: 11402180
references.citation: DNA Res. 2002 Aug 31;9(4):131-4
references.pmid: 12240835
references.citation: Plant Mol Biol. 1998 Feb;36(3):331-41
references.pmid: 9484474
references.citation: Ecol Evol. 2012 Sep;2(9):2106-13
references.pmid: 23139871
references.citation: Trends Plant Sci. 2011 Apr;16(4):178-82
references.pmid: 21393048
references.citation: Plant J. 1999 Sep;19(6):679-89
references.pmid: 10571853
references.citation: Mol Biol Evol. 2003 Sep;20(9):1377-419
references.pmid: 12777501
references.citation: Rice (N Y). 2013 Feb 06;6(1):4
references.pmid: 24280374
references.citation: Plant Cell Rep. 2012 Jul;31(7):1159-72
references.pmid: 22388917
references.citation: Plant Cell Physiol. 2005 Jan;46(1):69-78
references.pmid: 15659432
references.citation: EMBO J. 1987 Dec 20;6(13):3901-7
references.pmid: 3327686
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2002 Feb;128(2):534-43
references.pmid: 11842157
references.citation: Nat Biotechnol. 2012 May 07;30(5):390-2
references.pmid: 22565958
references.citation: Science. 2006 Mar 31;311(5769):1936-9
references.pmid: 16527928
references.citation: Plant Biotechnol J. 2007 Sep;5(5):664-74
references.pmid: 17596180
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2012 Nov;160(3):1342-56
references.pmid: 22992509
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2012 Mar;24(3):1034-48
references.pmid: 22408071
references.citation: Plant Cell. 1995 Nov;7(11):1879-91
references.pmid: 8535141
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2004 Apr;134(4):1500-13
references.pmid: 15047897
references.citation: New Phytol. 2009 Nov;184(3):708-20
references.pmid: 19674325
references.citation: Plant J. 1994 Aug;6(2):271-82
references.pmid: 7920717
references.citation: Nature. 1985 Feb 28-Mar 6;313(6005):810-2
references.pmid: 3974711
references.citation: Science. 2006 Jun 2;312(5778):1318-9
references.pmid: 16741100
references.citation: BMC Genomics. 2008 Nov 26;9:561
references.pmid: 19036138
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2006 Sep;18(9):2326-40
references.pmid: 16905658
references.citation: Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248-54
references.pmid: 942051
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2003 Jan;15(1):63-78
references.pmid: 12509522
references.citation: Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2006 Feb;9(1):59-65
references.pmid: 16337172
references.citation: Mol Ecol. 2010 Aug;19(16):3271-84
references.pmid: 20584132
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 1999 Jan 1;27(1):297-300
references.pmid: 9847208
references.citation: Plant Cell. 1989 Dec;1(12):1147-56
references.pmid: 2535536
references.citation: Pest Manag Sci. 2009 Jul;65(7):723-31
references.pmid: 19367567