title: Induction of lcc2 expression and activity by Agaricus bisporus provides defence against Trichoderma aggressivum toxic extracts.
abstract: Laccases are used by fungi for several functions including defence responses to stresses associated with attack by other fungi. Laccase activity changes and the induction of two laccase genes, lcc1 and lcc2, in Agaricus bisporus were measured in response to toxic extracts of medium in which Trichoderma aggressivum, the cause of green mould disease, was grown. A strain of A. bisporus that shows resistance to the extracts showed higher basal levels and greater enzymatic activity after extract exposure than did a sensitive strain. Furthermore, pre-incubation of T. aggressivum extract with laccases reduced toxicity. Faster induction and greater numbers of lcc2 transcripts in response to the extract were noted in the resistant strain than in the sensitive strain. The timing and increase in lcc2 transcript abundance mirrored changes in total laccase activity. No correlation between resistance and lcc1 transcription was apparent. Transcript abundance in transformants with a siRNA construct homologous to both genes varied widely. A strong negative correlation between transcript abundance and sensitivity of the transformant to toxic extract was observed in plate assays. These results indicated that laccase activity and in particular that encoded by lcc2 contributes to toxin metabolism and by extension green mould disease resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
authors.forename: Calvin P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Sjaarda
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
authors.forename: Kamal S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Abubaker
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
authors.forename: Alan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Castle
mesh_terms: D000364:Agaricus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001711:Biotransformation; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects*; D042845:Laccase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009183:Mycotoxins; D042845:Laccase
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