title: Development of Ti-Nb-Zr alloys with high elastic admissible strain for temporary orthopedic devices.
abstract: A new series of beta Ti-Nb-Zr (TNZ) alloys with considerable plastic deformation ability during compression test, high elastic admissible strain, and excellent cytocompatibility have been developed for removable bone tissue implant applications. TNZ alloys with nominal compositions of Ti-34Nb-25Zr, Ti-30Nb-32Zr, Ti-28Nb-35.4Zr and Ti-24.8Nb-40.7Zr (wt.% hereafter) were fabricated using the cold-crucible levitation technique, and the effects of alloying element content on their microstructures, mechanical properties (tensile strength, yield strength, compressive yield strength, Young's modulus, elastic energy, toughness, and micro-hardness), and cytocompatibilities were investigated and compared. Microstructural examinations revealed that the TNZ alloys consisted of β phase. The alloy samples displayed excellent ductility with no cracking, or fracturing during compression tests. Their tensile strength, Young's modulus, elongation at rupture, and elastic admissible strain were measured in the ranges of 704-839 MPa, 62-65 GPa, 9.9-14.8% and 1.08-1.31%, respectively. The tensile strength, Young's modulus and elongation at rupture of the Ti-34Nb-25Zr alloy were measured as 839 ± 31.8 MPa, 62 ± 3.6 GPa, and 14.8 ± 1.6%, respectively; this alloy exhibited the elastic admissible strain of approximately 1.31%. Cytocompatibility tests indicated that the cell viability ratios (CVR) of the alloys are greater than those of the control group; thus the TNZ alloys possess excellent cytocompatibility.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sertan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozan
authors.affiliation: Advanced Material Research and Development Center, Zhejiang Industry & Trade Vocational College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130025, China.
authors.forename: Jixing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3083, Australia.
authors.forename: Yuncang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Rasim
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ipek
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia; School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3083, Australia. Electronic address: cuie.wen@rmit.edu.au.
authors.forename: Cuie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wen
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002452:Cell Count; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D019245:Compressive Strength / Q000187:drug effects; D055119:Elastic Modulus / Q000187:drug effects*; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods*; D009983:Orthopedic Equipment; D013718:Tensile Strength / Q000187:drug effects; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys
keywords: Cytocompatibility; Elastic admissible strain; Mechanical properties; TNZ (Ti–Nb–Zr) alloys; Young’s modulus