title: QVA149 (indacaterol/glycopyrronium) for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The combination of two bronchodilators with different mechanisms of action to treat patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an established medical practice, but the dissimilarities in the onset and duration of action of long-acting β2-agonists (LABA) and long-acting muscarinic agents (LAMA) and differences in the devices used for the delivery of these drugs make free combinations uncomfortable and unpredictable, especially if focused on adherence to prescribed treatment. Therefore, there is the need for fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) of bronchodilators in a single inhaler.
  
  
  METHODS
  The results of the pivotal Phase III IGNITE and EXPEDITION programs show that QVA149 (indacaterol/glycopyrronium FDC) is able to elicit a significant improvement in lung function and patient-reported outcomes, including breathlessness and rescue medication use, reduced rates of COPD exacerbations and health-related quality of life when compared with current standard of care. Moreover, QVA149 is generally well tolerated, with most adverse events being of mild-to-moderate severity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given that the LABA/LAMA coformulation is the most powerful bronchodilator available, QVA149, which has been the first LABA/LAMA FDC to be developed, should be considered central in the maintenance treatment of COPD, and could be a potential option for improving lung function and health status in maintenance-naïve patients.
authors.affiliation: Second University of Naples, Department of Experimental Medicine , Naples , Italy mariagabriella.matera@unina2.it.
authors.forename: Maria Gabriella
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Matera
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rogliani
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cazzola
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017326:Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000188:drug therapy; D006024:Glycopyrrolate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007189:Indans / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life; D015363:Quinolones / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007189:Indans; D015363:Quinolones; C554862:indacaterol-glycopyrronium combination; D006024:Glycopyrrolate
keywords: QVA149; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; glycopyrronium; indacaterol; treatment