title: Simultaneous determination three phytosterol compounds, campesterol, stigmasterol and daucosterol in Artemisia apiacea by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array ultraviolet/visible detector.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Artemisia apiacea is a traditional herbal medicine using treatment of eczema and jaundice in Eastern Asia, including China, Korea, and Japan.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  An accurate and sensitive analysis method using high performance liquid chromatography-diode array ultraviolet/visible detector and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of three phytosterol compounds, campesterol, stigmasterol and daucosterol in A. apiacea was established.
  
  
  METHODS
  The analytes were separated on a Shiseido C18 column (5 μm, 4.6 mm I.D. ×250 mm) with gradient elution of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid and acetonitrile. The flow rate was 1 mL/min and detection wavelengths were set at 205 and 254 nm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Validation of the method was performed to demonstrate its linearity, precision and accuracy. The calibration curves showed good linearity (R (2) > 0.9994). The limits of detection and limits of quantification were within the ranges 0.55-7.07 μg/mL and 1.67-21.44 μg/mL, respectively. And, the relative standard deviations of intra- and inter-day precision were <2.93%. The recoveries were found to be in the range of 90.03-104.91%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The developed method has been successfully applied to the analysis for quality control of campesterol, stigmasterol and daucosterol in A. apiacea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Jiwoo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Bae
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Weon
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Bo-Ra
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Min Rye
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Eom
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea ; Department of Biomaterials Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Choong Je
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Ma
keywords: Artemisia apiacea; high performance liquid chromatography-diode array ultraviolet/visible detector; liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry; simultaneous determination
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