title: Growth and developmental outcome of infants with in-utero exposure to methadone vs buprenorphine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare early growth and developmental outcome of infants with in-utero exposure to low-dose methadone (<100 mg per  day), high-dose methadone (⩾100 mg  per day) and buprenorphine.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of infants with in-utero methadone and buprenorphine exposure who were evaluated at the Southcoast Developmental Pediatric clinic in New Bedford, MA, USA was completed. Growth data and developmental testing results during infancy were compared among the groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infants in the high-dose methadone group had lower head circumference z scores and a lower mean score on the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS). Regression results confirmed an association between methadone dose and head circumference z score and AIMS score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure to maternal methadone dose in excess of 100 mg is associated with a reduction in infant head circumference when compared with buprenorphine or lower dose methadone, and may have a negative impact on motor skill development during early infancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Bier
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Finger
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Bier
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine, St Luke's Hospital, New Bedford, MA, USA.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Physical Medicine, St Luke's Hospital, New Bedford, MA, USA [2] Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants' Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Coyle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002047:Buprenorphine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000254:growth & development*; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts; D008691:Methadone / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009357:Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D002047:Buprenorphine; D008691:Methadone
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