title: Anti-NMDA receptor antibodies in patients with a first episode of schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Encephalitis with antibodies against N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) is classified as an autoimmune disorder with psychotic symptoms, which are frequently dominant. However, it remains unclear how frequently NMDA-R antibodies lead to a condition that mimics psychosis and first-episode schizophrenia. In our work, we investigated the presence of antibodies against NMDA-R in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) in comparison with healthy volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 50 antipsychotic-naïve patients with FEP (including 21 women) and 50 healthy volunteers (including 21 women). The mean age of the patients was 27.4 (±7.4) years and that of the healthy controls was 27.0 (±7.3) years. Antibodies against NMDA-R in the serum were detected by immunofluorescence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the investigated patients with an FEP and none of the healthy controls showed positive antibodies against NMDA-Rs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to results of studies, a small proportion of patients with an FEP possess antibodies against NMDA-R. However, the extent to which this finding contributes to the etiopathogenesis of the response to antipsychotic medication and whether immunomodulatory therapy is indicated in these cases remains uncertain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralové, Charles University in Prague, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic ; National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jiří
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Masopust
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ctirad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Andrýs
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralové, Charles University in Prague, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bažant
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Oldřich
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Vyšata
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Centrum, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Kamil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuca
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vališ
keywords: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor; NMDA-R; encephalitis; schizophrenia
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