title: Synthesis of waste cooking oil based biodiesel via ferric-manganese promoted molybdenum oxide / zirconia nanoparticle solid acid catalyst: influence of ferric and manganese dopants.
abstract: The utilization of ferric-manganese promoted molybdenum oxide/zirconia (Fe-Mn- MoO3/ZrO2) (FMMZ) solid acid catalyst for production of biodiesel was demonstrated. FMMZ is produced through impregnation reaction followed by calcination at 600°C for 3 h. The characterization of FMMZ had been done using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), temperature programmed desorption of NH3 (TPD-NH3), transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and Brunner-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area measurement. The effect of waste cooking oil methyl esters (WCOME's) yield on the reactions variables such as reaction temperature, catalyst loading, molar ratio of methanol/oil and reusability were also assessed. The catalyst was used to convert the waste cooking oil into corresponding methyl esters (95.6%±0.15) within 5 h at 200℃ reaction temperature, 600 rpm stirring speed, 1:25 molar ratio of oil to alcohol and 4% w/w catalyst loading. The reported catalyst was successfully recycled in six connective experiments without loss in activity. Moreover, the fuel properties of WCOME's were also reported using ASTM D 6751 methods.
authors.affiliation: Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre,   2) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Sendang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Fatah H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Alhassan
authors.forename: Umer
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Rashid
authors.forename: Yun Hin
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Taufiq-Yap
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D002384:Catalysis; D004952:Esters; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008345:Manganese / Q000737:chemistry; D000432:Methanol; D008982:Molybdenum / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D010938:Plant Oils; D013997:Time Factors; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D004952:Esters; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D010087:Oxides; D010938:Plant Oils; D008345:Manganese; D008982:Molybdenum; D015040:Zirconium; C028541:zirconium oxide; D000432:Methanol