title: Ocular inflammation associated with antivascular endothelial growth factor treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the diagnosis and management of intraocular inflammation following antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inflammation following intravitreal anti-VEGF injections can cause a dramatic reduction in acuity. Differentiating factors from truly infectious endophthalmitis include a lack of pain, redness, or hypopyon, although none of these factors is diagnostic. A high suspicion of infectious endophthalmitis should trigger a prompt vitreous tap and injection of intravitreal antibiotics. Conversely, if noninfectious endophthalmitis is suspected, close observation with frequent topical steroids is warranted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most eyes with noninfectious endophthalmitis following anti-VEGF injection recover within 1 month to baseline acuity with topical corticosteroid treatment. Mechanisms hypothesized to explain postinjection inflammation include patient-specific, delivery-specific, and medication-specific factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 10 Plum Street Suite 600, New Brunswick NJ 08901, USA.
authors.forename: Howard F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Fine
authors.forename: Greg D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Despotidis
authors.forename: Jonathan L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Prenner
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A