title: Juvenile hormone-activated phospholipase C pathway enhances transcriptional activation by the methoprene-tolerant protein.
abstract: Juvenile hormone (JH) is a key regulator of a wide diversity of developmental and physiological events in insects. Although the intracellular JH receptor methoprene-tolerant protein (MET) functions in the nucleus as a transcriptional activator for specific JH-regulated genes, some JH responses are mediated by signaling pathways that are initiated by proteins associated with plasma membrane. It is unknown whether the JH-regulated gene expression depends on the membrane-mediated signal transduction. In Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, we found that JH activated the phospholipase C (PLC) pathway and quickly increased the levels of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, diacylglycerol, and intracellular calcium, leading to activation and autophosphorylation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). When abdomens from newly emerged mosquitoes were cultured in vitro, the JH-activated gene expression was repressed substantially if specific inhibitors of PLC or CaMKII were added to the medium together with JH. In newly emerged female mosquitoes, RNAi-mediated depletion of PLC or CaMKII considerably reduced the expression of JH-responsive genes, including the Krüppel homolog 1 gene (AaKr-h1) and the early trypsin gene (AaET). JH-induced loading of MET to the promoters of AaKr-h1 and AaET was weakened drastically when either PLC or CaMKII was inactivated in the cultured tissues. Therefore, the results suggest that the membrane-initiated signaling pathway modifies the DNA-binding activity of MET via phosphorylation and thus facilitates the genomic responses to JH. In summary, this study reveals an interplay of genomic and nongenomic signaling mechanisms of JH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061; and.
authors.forename: Pengcheng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Juan
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061; and zhujin@vt.edu.
authors.forename: Jinsong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005260:Female; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007605:Juvenile Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008726:Methoprene / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D034622:RNA Interference; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004075:Diglycerides; D019476:Insect Proteins; D007527:Isoenzymes; D007605:Juvenile Hormones; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate; D008726:Methoprene; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D002118:Calcium
keywords: development; insect hormone; phospholipase C; protein kinase; transcription
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