title: Brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis prevalence in livestock from pastoralist communities adjacent to Awash National Park, Ethiopia.
abstract: This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence of brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis (BTB) in local cattle and goat breeds of Oromo and Afar pastoralist communities living in two distinct parts around the Awash National Park. A questionnaire survey was carried out to assess information on husbandry, milk consumption habits, and on knowledge-attitude-practice regarding both diseases. Among a total of 771 animals from all sites tested by comparative intradermal tuberculin test (CIDT) none were BTB reactors with the >4mm cut-off. Using the >2mm cut-off, individual apparent prevalence was 0.9% (95%CI: 0.23-3.56%) in cattle and 0.7% (95%CI: 0.12-3.45%) in goats. Herd prevalence in Oromia and Afar sites was 0% and 66.7% respectively in goats and 16.7% and 50% in cattle. Among the 327 animals tested by enzyme linked immunoassay for brucellosis, 4.8% (95%CI: 1.2-17.1%) of cattle and 22.8% (95%CI: 5.98-29.5%) of goats were reactors. Highest individual prevalence of both diseases was found in Afar settlements with brucellosis being as high as 50%. Respondent ethnicity was the only risk factor for brucellosis positivity in goats in the univariable risk factor analysis. Knowledge about the diseases was poor. Raw goat milk was regularly consumed by women and children, putting them at risk for brucellosis. This study highlighted an increased prevalence gradient of BTB and brucellosis from West to East along the study sites with high brucellosis individual prevalence and abortion rates among Afar settlements in particular.
authors.affiliation: Armauer Hansen Research Institute, PO Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinsstr. 57, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom. Electronic address: rea.tschopp@unibas.ch.
authors.forename: Rea
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tschopp
authors.affiliation: Armauer Hansen Research Institute, PO Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Electronic address: shiferawbekele92@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Shiferaw
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bekele
authors.affiliation: Armauer Hansen Research Institute, PO Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Electronic address: tesfayemoti@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tesfaye
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moti
authors.affiliation: Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom. Electronic address: d.young@imperial.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Armauer Hansen Research Institute, PO Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Electronic address: aseffaa@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aseffa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002006:Brucellosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D002007:Brucellosis, Bovine / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D002417:Cattle; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D006041:Goats; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D008297:Male; D000068316:Parks, Recreational; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D014380:Tuberculosis, Bovine / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology
keywords: Bovine tuberculosis; Brucellosis; Ethiopia; Livestock; Pastoralists