title: Current perspectives on ranibizumab.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This review summarizes the Phase III studies addressing intravitreal ranibizumab treatment in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), macular edema (ME) from retinal vein occlusion (RVO), and diabetic ME (DME).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data from 12 major Phase III studies: six studies in patients with neovascular AMD, two studies in patients with ME from RVO, and four studies in patients with DME demonstrate significant improvement in vision in patients undergoing treatment with intravitreal ranibizumab over patients receiving no treatment or receiving only grid laser. These effects are achieved with low incidences of ocular and nonocular adverse events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravitreal ranibizumab is a highly effective and safe therapy for improving vision and reducing vision loss in patients with neovascular AMD, ME from RVO, and DME. Patients generally require long-term treatment although some data show that frequency of treatment necessary to maintain visual outcomes decreases over time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Albany Medical Center, Lions Eye Institute, Albany, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Vaidehi S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Dedania
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Sophie J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bakri
keywords: age-related macular degeneration; branch retinal vein occlusion; central retinal vein occlusion; diabetic macular edema; intravitreal; macular edema
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