title: Burnout, psychological morbidity and use of coping mechanisms among palliative care practitioners: A multi-centre cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of burnout, psychological morbidity and the use of coping mechanisms among palliative care practitioners in Singapore have not been studied.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to study the prevalence of burnout and psychological morbidity among palliative care practitioners in Singapore and its associations with demographic and workplace factors as well as the use of coping mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a multi-centre, cross-sectional study of all the palliative care providers within the public healthcare sector in Singapore.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in hospital palliative care services, home hospice and inpatient hospices in Singapore. The participants were doctors, nurses and social workers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of burnout among respondents in our study was 91 of 273 (33.3%) and psychological morbidity was 77 (28.2%). Working >60 h per week was significantly associated with burnout (odds ratio: 9.02, 95% confidence interval: 2.3-35.8, p = 0.002) and psychological morbidity (odds ratio: 7.21, 95% confidence interval: 1.8-28.8, p = 0.005). Home hospice care practitioners (41.5%) were more at risk of developing psychological morbidity compared to hospital-based palliative care (17.5%) or hospice inpatient care (26.0%) (p = 0.007). Coping mechanisms like physical well-being, clinical variety, setting boundaries, transcendental (meditation and quiet reflection), passion for one's work, realistic expectations, remembering patients and organisational activities were associated with less burnout.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results reveal that burnout and psychological morbidity are significant in the palliative care community and demonstrate a need to look at managing long working hours and promoting the use of coping mechanisms to reduce burnout and psychological morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Palliative Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore mervyn_koh@ttsh.com.sg.
authors.forename: Mervyn Yong Hwang
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.affiliation: HCA Hospice Care, Singapore.
authors.forename: Poh Heng
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.affiliation: Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Patricia Soek Hui
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Neo
authors.affiliation: Assisi Hospice, Singapore.
authors.forename: Yew Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.affiliation: National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Woon Chai
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Yong
authors.affiliation: Dover Park Hospice, Singapore.
authors.forename: Wah Ying
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.affiliation: Department of Palliative Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Mira Li Juan
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Palliative Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Allyn Yin Mei
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Hum
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D017051:Hospice Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012846:Singapore / Q000453:epidemiology; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D016526:Workload
keywords: Burnout; psychological morbidity and use of coping mechanisms among palliative care practitioners: A multi-centre cross-sectional study