title: Enzymatic saccharification and bioethanol production from Cynara cardunculus pretreated by steam explosion.
abstract: The correct choice of the specific lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment allows obtaining high biomass conversions for biorefinery implementations and cellulosic bioethanol production from renewable resources. Cynara cardunculus (cardoon) pretreated by steam explosion (SE) was involved in second-generation bioethanol production using separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) or simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) processes. Steam explosion pretreatment led to partial solubilisation of hemicelluloses and increased the accessibility of residual polysaccharides towards enzymatic hydrolysis revealing 64% of sugars yield against 11% from untreated plant material. Alkaline extraction after SE pretreatment of cardoon (CSEOH) promoted partial removal of degraded lignin, tannins, extractives and hemicelluloses thus allowing to double glucose concentration upon saccharification step. Bioethanol fermentation in SSF mode was faster than SHF process providing the best results: ethanol concentration 18.7 g L(-1), fermentation efficiency of 66.6% and a yield of 26.6g ethanol/100 g CSEOH or 10.1 g ethanol/100 g untreated cardoon.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL)/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), 7801-908 Beja, Portugal. Electronic address: maria.fernandes@cebal.pt.
authors.forename: Maria C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL)/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), 7801-908 Beja, Portugal.
authors.forename: Miguel D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ferro
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL)/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), 7801-908 Beja, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana F C
authors.initials: AFC
authors.lastname: Paulino
authors.affiliation: CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Joana A S
authors.initials: JAS
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Eco-Effective Conversion, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Riga, Latvia.
authors.forename: Janis
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gravitis
authors.affiliation: CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Dmitry V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Evtuguin
authors.affiliation: CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana M R B
authors.initials: AMRB
authors.lastname: Xavier
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels; D002482:Cellulose / Q000378:metabolism; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D031942:Cynara / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005107:Explosions; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008031:Lignin / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae; D013227:Steam
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D011134:Polysaccharides; D013227:Steam; D000431:Ethanol; D002482:Cellulose; D008031:Lignin
keywords: Cardoon; Lignin; Separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF); Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF); Steam explosion pretreatment