title: A general strategy for nanohybrids synthesis via coupled competitive reactions controlled in a hybrid process.
abstract: A new methodology based on core alloying and shell gradient-doping are developed for the synthesis of nanohybrids, realized by coupled competitive reactions, or sequenced reducing-nucleation and co-precipitation reaction of mixed metal salts in a microfluidic and batch-cooling process. The latent time of nucleation and the growth of nanohybrids can be well controlled due to the formation of controllable intermediates in the coupled competitive reactions. Thus, spatiotemporal-resolved synthesis can be realized by the hybrid process, which enables us to investigate nanohybrid formation at each stage through their solution color changes and TEM images. By adjusting the bi-channel solvents and kinetic parameters of each stage, the primary components of alloyed cores and the second components of transition metal doping ZnO or Al2O3 as surface coatings can be successively formed. The core alloying and shell gradient-doping strategy can efficiently eliminate the crystal lattice mismatch in different components. Consequently, varieties of gradient core-shell nanohybrids can be synthesized using CoM, FeM, AuM, AgM (M = Zn or Al) alloys as cores and transition metal gradient-doping ZnO or Al2O3 as shells, endowing these nanohybrids with unique magnetic and optical properties (e.g., high temperature ferromagnetic property and enhanced blue emission).
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science &Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Rongming
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Materials and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Wantai
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science &Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Yuanjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Xiaomiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science &Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Junmei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Xiaodi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science &Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Yujun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
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