title: Acute Pain and Posttraumatic Stress After Pediatric Injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Using a prospective, longitudinal design, we examined the relationship between acute pain and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in youth following injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children aged 8-17 years who sustained an injury (N = 243) and their parents participated in baseline interviews to assess children's worst pain since injury. 6 months later, participants completed follow-up interviews to assess child PTSS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pain as assessed by the Color Analogue Pain Scale (CAS) predicted PTSS 6 months after injury, even when controlling for demographic and empirically based risk factors. On the other hand, pain as assessed by the Faces Pain Rating Scale was not a significant independent predictor of PTSS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CAS may be a useful addition to existing screening tools for PTSS among children. Additional research is warranted to understand underlying mechanisms linking acute pain and PTSS to improve assessment, prevention, and treatment approaches and promote optimal recovery after pediatric injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Drexel University, The Center for Injury Research and Prevention, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, hildenbranda@email.chop.edu.
authors.forename: Aimee K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Hildenbrand
authors.affiliation: The Center for Injury Research and Prevention, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, and.
authors.forename: Meghan L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Marsac
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Drexel University.
authors.forename: Brian P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Drexel University.
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chute
authors.affiliation: The Center for Injury Research and Prevention, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kassam-Adams
mesh_terms: D059787:Acute Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: PTSD; injury; pain; posttraumatic stress