title: Acute and chronic administration of gold nanoparticles cause DNA damage in the cerebral cortex of adult rats.
abstract: The use of gold nanoparticles is increasing in medicine; however, their toxic effects remain to be elucidated. Studies show that gold nanoparticles can cross the blood-brain barrier, as well as accumulate in the brain. Therefore, this study was undertaken to better understand the effects of gold nanoparticles on rat brains. DNA damage parameters were evaluated in the cerebral cortex of adult rats submitted to acute and chronic administration of gold nanoparticles of two different diameters: 10 and 30nm. During acute administration, adult rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of either gold nanoparticles or saline solution. During chronic administration, adult rats received a daily single injection for 28 days of the same gold nanoparticles or saline solution. Twenty-four hours after either single (acute) or last injection (chronic), the rats were euthanized by decapitation, their brains removed, and the cerebral cortices isolated for evaluation of DNA damage parameters. Our study showed that acute administration of gold nanoparticles in adult rats presented higher levels of damage frequency and damage index in their DNA compared to the control group. It was also observed that gold nanoparticles of 30nm presented higher levels of damage frequency and damage index in the DNA compared to the 10nm ones. When comparing the effects of chronic administration of gold nanoparticles of 10 and 30nm, we observed that occurred significant different index and frequency damage, comparing with control group. However, there is no difference between the 10 and 30nm groups in the levels of DNA damage for both parameters of the Comet assay. Results suggest that gold nanoparticles for both sizes cause DNA damage for chronic as well as acute treatments, although a higher damage was observed for the chronic one.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Síntese de Complexos Multifuncionais, PPGCS, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Catarinense, Campus Sombrio, 88960-000 Sombrio, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eria
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental, PPGCS, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, 88704-9000 Tubarão, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gislaine Tezza
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Rezin
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Síntese de Complexos Multifuncionais, PPGCS, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elton Torres
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Zanoni
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Síntese de Complexos Multifuncionais, PPGCS, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Frederico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Souza Notoya
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, PPGCS, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela Dimer
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Leffa
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, PPGCS, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriani Paganini
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Damiani
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, PPGCS, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francine
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Daumann
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna 140, Saltillo, Coahuila, 25294, Mexico.
authors.forename: Juan Carlos Ortiz
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna 140, Saltillo, Coahuila, 25294, Mexico.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Benavides
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Síntese de Complexos Multifuncionais, PPGCS, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, PPGCS, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Síntese de Complexos Multifuncionais, PPGCS, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil. Electronic address: bocaocao@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marcos Marques
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: da Silva Paula
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D006046:Gold / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D006046:Gold
keywords: Comet assay; DNA damage; Damage frequency; Damage index; Genotoxicity; Gold nanoparticles