title: Haeme oxygenase signalling pathway: implications for cardiovascular disease.
abstract: Evidence now points to the haeme oxygenase (HO) pathway as a possible actor in modulating risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). In particular, the HO pathway may represent a key endogenous modulator of oxidative, inflammatory, and cytotoxic stress while also exhibiting vasoregulatory properties. In this review, we summarize the accumulating experimental and emerging clinical data indicating how activity of the HO pathway and its products may play a role in mechanisms underlying the development of CVD. We also identify gaps in the literature to date and suggest future directions for investigation. Because HO pathway activity can be influenced not only by genetic traits and environmental stimuli but also by a variety of existing pharmacologic interventions, the pathway could serve as a prime target for reducing the overall burden of CVD. Further work is needed to determine the role of HO pathway products as possible prognostic markers of risk for clinical CVD events and the extent to which therapeutic augmentation or inhibition of HO pathway activity could serve to modify CVD risk.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA lfredenburgh@rics.bwh.harvard.edu scheng@rics.bwh.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Fredenburgh
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Allison A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Merz
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA lfredenburgh@rics.bwh.harvard.edu scheng@rics.bwh.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000502:physiology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000209:etiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology; D005544:Forecasting; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D006418:Heme / Q000378:metabolism; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000502:physiology; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000502:physiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000502:physiology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D006418:Heme; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)
keywords: Bilirubin; Biliverdin; Carbon monoxide; Cardiovascular disease; Heme oxygenase pathway
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