title: Effect of cigarette design on biomarkers of exposure, puffing topography and respiratory parameters.
abstract: Despite the lack of evidence, many reports exist which have implied that smokers inhale low-yield cigarette smoke more deeply than that of high-yield cigarettes. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term switching between smoker's own brand and test cigarettes with different smoke yields on puffing topography, respiratory parameters and biomarkers of exposure. Participants were randomly assigned to smoke either a Test Cigarette-High Tar (TCH), for two days, and then switched to a Test Cigarette-Low Tar (TCL), for two days or the reverse order (n = 10 each sequence). Puffing topography (CReSS microdevice), respiratory parameters (inductive plethysmography) and biomarkers of exposure (BOE, urinary nicotine equivalents - NE and blood carboxyhemoglobin - COHb) were measured at baseline and on days 2 and 4. The average puffs per cigarette, puff volume and puff durations were statistically significantly lower, and inter-puff interval was significantly longer for the TCH compared to the TCL groups. Respiratory parameters were not statistically significantly different between the TCH and TCL groups. Post-baseline NE and COHb were statistically significantly lower in the TCL compared to the TCH groups. Under the conditions of this study, we found no indication of changes in respiratory parameters, particularly inhalation time and volume, between study participants smoking lower versus higher yield cigarettes. Likewise, the BOE provides no indication of deeper inhalation when smoking low- versus high-yield cigarettes. These findings are consistent with the published literature indicating smoking low-yield cigarettes does not increase the depth of inhalation.
authors.affiliation: Altria Client Services Inc. , Richmond, VA , USA.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Appleton
authors.forename: Jianmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lipowicz
authors.forename: Mohamadi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sarkar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D002263:Carboxyhemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D001239:Inhalation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000652:urine; D012907:Smoking; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D062789:Tobacco Products / Q000145:classification
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009538:Nicotine; D002263:Carboxyhemoglobin
keywords: Biomarkers of exposure; cigarette smoking; depth of inhalation; filter ventilation; inhalation volume; low tar; puffing topography; respiratory parameters
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