title: Prevalence of major depressive disorder and socio-demographic correlates: Results of a representative household epidemiological survey in Beijing, China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most prevalent mental disorder in the general population and has been associated with socioeconomic factors. Beijing has undergone significant socioeconomic changes in last decade, however no large-scale community epidemiological surveys of MDD have been conducted in Beijing since 2003.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of MDD and its socio-demographic correlates in a representative household sample of the general population in Beijing, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from the 2010 representative household epidemiological survey of mental disorders in Beijing. The multistage cluster random sampling method was used to select qualified subjects in 18 districts and counties, and then face-to-face interviews were administered using the Chinese version of Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders-Patient Edition (SCID-I/P) during November 1, 2010 to December 31, 2010.
  
  
  RESULTS
  19,874 registered permanent residents were randomly identified and 16,032 (response rate=80.7%) completed face-to-face interviews. The time-point and life-time prevalence rates of MDD were estimated to be 1.10% (95% CI: 0.94-1.26%) and 3.56% (95% CI: 3.27-3.85%) respectively. Significant differences were found in sex, age, location of residence, marital status, education, employment status, personal/family monthly income, perception of family environment and relationship with others, when comparing residents with MDD to those without MDD. Those who were female, aged 45 or above, reported low family income, or reported an "average" or "poor" family environment were associated with a higher risk of MDD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of MDD reported in this survey is relatively lower than that in other western countries. Female sex, age older than 45, low family income, and poor family environment appear to be independent risk factors for MDD.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Electronic address: maxinanding@vip.163.com.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Li
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Yi-Lang
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rakofsky
authors.affiliation: Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Mei
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Qiang
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Bing
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Ying
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhen-Bo
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Qiu-Yue
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000068476:Beijing / Q000453:epidemiology; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: China; Epidemiology; Major depressive disorder; Mental health; Prevalence
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