title: Reshaping procedures for the surgical management of corneal ectasia.
abstract: Corneal ectasia is a progressive, degenerative, and noninflammatory thinning disorder of the cornea. Recently developed corneal reshaping techniques have expanded the treatment armamentarium available to the corneal specialist by offering effective nontransplant options. This review summarizes the current evidence base for corneal collagen crosslinking, topography-guided photorefractive keratectomy, and intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation for the treatment of corneal ectasia by analyzing the data published between the years 2000 and 2014.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
authors.affiliation: From Moorfields Eye Hospital (Ziaei), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital (Barsam), and Centre for Sight (Daya), East Grinstead, London, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology (Kim), Duke University Eye Center, Durham, North Carolina, Carolina Cataract and Laser Center, Ladson, South Carolina (Vroman), Ophthalmic Consultants of Long Island (Donnenfeld), Rockville Centre, and Department of Ophthalmology (Kanellopoulos), New York University Medical School, New York, New York, Cincinnati Eye Institute (Holland), Cincinnati, Ohio, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (Mah), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Emory University School of Medicine (Randleman), Atlanta, Georgia; Laservision.gr Eye Institute (Kanellopoulos), Athens, Greece; Instituto de Microcirugía Ocular (Güell), Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: mohammed.ziaei@moorfields.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ziaei
authors.affiliation: From Moorfields Eye Hospital (Ziaei), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital (Barsam), and Centre for Sight (Daya), East Grinstead, London, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology (Kim), Duke University Eye Center, Durham, North Carolina, Carolina Cataract and Laser Center, Ladson, South Carolina (Vroman), Ophthalmic Consultants of Long Island (Donnenfeld), Rockville Centre, and Department of Ophthalmology (Kanellopoulos), New York University Medical School, New York, New York, Cincinnati Eye Institute (Holland), Cincinnati, Ohio, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (Mah), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Emory University School of Medicine (Randleman), Atlanta, Georgia; Laservision.gr Eye Institute (Kanellopoulos), Athens, Greece; Instituto de Microcirugía Ocular (Güell), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Allon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barsam
authors.affiliation: From Moorfields Eye Hospital (Ziaei), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital (Barsam), and Centre for Sight (Daya), East Grinstead, London, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology (Kim), Duke University Eye Center, Durham, North Carolina, Carolina Cataract and Laser Center, Ladson, South Carolina (Vroman), Ophthalmic Consultants of Long Island (Donnenfeld), Rockville Centre, and Department of Ophthalmology (Kanellopoulos), New York University Medical School, New York, New York, Cincinnati Eye Institute (Holland), Cincinnati, Ohio, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (Mah), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Emory University School of Medicine (Randleman), Atlanta, Georgia; Laservision.gr Eye Institute (Kanellopoulos), Athens, Greece; Instituto de Microcirugía Ocular (Güell), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Neda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shamie
authors.affiliation: From Moorfields Eye Hospital (Ziaei), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital (Barsam), and Centre for Sight (Daya), East Grinstead, London, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology (Kim), Duke University Eye Center, Durham, North Carolina, Carolina Cataract and Laser Center, Ladson, South Carolina (Vroman), Ophthalmic Consultants of Long Island (Donnenfeld), Rockville Centre, and Department of Ophthalmology (Kanellopoulos), New York University Medical School, New York, New York, Cincinnati Eye Institute (Holland), Cincinnati, Ohio, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (Mah), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Emory University School of Medicine (Randleman), Atlanta, Georgia; Laservision.gr Eye Institute (Kanellopoulos), Athens, Greece; Instituto de Microcirugía Ocular (Güell), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vroman
authors.affiliation: From Moorfields Eye Hospital (Ziaei), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital (Barsam), and Centre for Sight (Daya), East Grinstead, London, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology (Kim), Duke University Eye Center, Durham, North Carolina, Carolina Cataract and Laser Center, Ladson, South Carolina (Vroman), Ophthalmic Consultants of Long Island (Donnenfeld), Rockville Centre, and Department of Ophthalmology (Kanellopoulos), New York University Medical School, New York, New York, Cincinnati Eye Institute (Holland), Cincinnati, Ohio, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (Mah), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Emory University School of Medicine (Randleman), Atlanta, Georgia; Laservision.gr Eye Institute (Kanellopoulos), Athens, Greece; Instituto de Microcirugía Ocular (Güell), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: From Moorfields Eye Hospital (Ziaei), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital (Barsam), and Centre for Sight (Daya), East Grinstead, London, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology (Kim), Duke University Eye Center, Durham, North Carolina, Carolina Cataract and Laser Center, Ladson, South Carolina (Vroman), Ophthalmic Consultants of Long Island (Donnenfeld), Rockville Centre, and Department of Ophthalmology (Kanellopoulos), New York University Medical School, New York, New York, Cincinnati Eye Institute (Holland), Cincinnati, Ohio, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (Mah), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Emory University School of Medicine (Randleman), Atlanta, Georgia; Laservision.gr Eye Institute (Kanellopoulos), Athens, Greece; Instituto de Microcirugía Ocular (Güell), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Eric D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Donnenfeld
authors.affiliation: From Moorfields Eye Hospital (Ziaei), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital (Barsam), and Centre for Sight (Daya), East Grinstead, London, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology (Kim), Duke University Eye Center, Durham, North Carolina, Carolina Cataract and Laser Center, Ladson, South Carolina (Vroman), Ophthalmic Consultants of Long Island (Donnenfeld), Rockville Centre, and Department of Ophthalmology (Kanellopoulos), New York University Medical School, New York, New York, Cincinnati Eye Institute (Holland), Cincinnati, Ohio, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (Mah), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Emory University School of Medicine (Randleman), Atlanta, Georgia; Laservision.gr Eye Institute (Kanellopoulos), Athens, Greece; Instituto de Microcirugía Ocular (Güell), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.affiliation: From Moorfields Eye Hospital (Ziaei), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital (Barsam), and Centre for Sight (Daya), East Grinstead, London, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology (Kim), Duke University Eye Center, Durham, North Carolina, Carolina Cataract and Laser Center, Ladson, South Carolina (Vroman), Ophthalmic Consultants of Long Island (Donnenfeld), Rockville Centre, and Department of Ophthalmology (Kanellopoulos), New York University Medical School, New York, New York, Cincinnati Eye Institute (Holland), Cincinnati, Ohio, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (Mah), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Emory University School of Medicine (Randleman), Atlanta, Georgia; Laservision.gr Eye Institute (Kanellopoulos), Athens, Greece; Instituto de Microcirugía Ocular (Güell), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kanellopoulos
authors.affiliation: From Moorfields Eye Hospital (Ziaei), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital (Barsam), and Centre for Sight (Daya), East Grinstead, London, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology (Kim), Duke University Eye Center, Durham, North Carolina, Carolina Cataract and Laser Center, Ladson, South Carolina (Vroman), Ophthalmic Consultants of Long Island (Donnenfeld), Rockville Centre, and Department of Ophthalmology (Kanellopoulos), New York University Medical School, New York, New York, Cincinnati Eye Institute (Holland), Cincinnati, Ohio, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (Mah), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Emory University School of Medicine (Randleman), Atlanta, Georgia; Laservision.gr Eye Institute (Kanellopoulos), Athens, Greece; Instituto de Microcirugía Ocular (Güell), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Francis S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Mah
authors.affiliation: From Moorfields Eye Hospital (Ziaei), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital (Barsam), and Centre for Sight (Daya), East Grinstead, London, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology (Kim), Duke University Eye Center, Durham, North Carolina, Carolina Cataract and Laser Center, Ladson, South Carolina (Vroman), Ophthalmic Consultants of Long Island (Donnenfeld), Rockville Centre, and Department of Ophthalmology (Kanellopoulos), New York University Medical School, New York, New York, Cincinnati Eye Institute (Holland), Cincinnati, Ohio, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (Mah), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Emory University School of Medicine (Randleman), Atlanta, Georgia; Laservision.gr Eye Institute (Kanellopoulos), Athens, Greece; Instituto de Microcirugía Ocular (Güell), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: J Bradley
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Randleman
authors.affiliation: From Moorfields Eye Hospital (Ziaei), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital (Barsam), and Centre for Sight (Daya), East Grinstead, London, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology (Kim), Duke University Eye Center, Durham, North Carolina, Carolina Cataract and Laser Center, Ladson, South Carolina (Vroman), Ophthalmic Consultants of Long Island (Donnenfeld), Rockville Centre, and Department of Ophthalmology (Kanellopoulos), New York University Medical School, New York, New York, Cincinnati Eye Institute (Holland), Cincinnati, Ohio, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (Mah), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Emory University School of Medicine (Randleman), Atlanta, Georgia; Laservision.gr Eye Institute (Kanellopoulos), Athens, Greece; Instituto de Microcirugía Ocular (Güell), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Sheraz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Daya
authors.affiliation: From Moorfields Eye Hospital (Ziaei), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital (Barsam), and Centre for Sight (Daya), East Grinstead, London, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology (Kim), Duke University Eye Center, Durham, North Carolina, Carolina Cataract and Laser Center, Ladson, South Carolina (Vroman), Ophthalmic Consultants of Long Island (Donnenfeld), Rockville Centre, and Department of Ophthalmology (Kanellopoulos), New York University Medical School, New York, New York, Cincinnati Eye Institute (Holland), Cincinnati, Ohio, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (Mah), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Emory University School of Medicine (Randleman), Atlanta, Georgia; Laservision.gr Eye Institute (Kanellopoulos), Athens, Greece; Instituto de Microcirugía Ocular (Güell), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Güell
mesh_terms: D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D003319:Corneal Stroma / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007640:Keratoconus / Q000601:surgery*; D018903:Photorefractive Keratectomy; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation
chemical_list: D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D003094:Collagen