title: Influencing organizations to promote health: applying stakeholder theory.
abstract: Stakeholder theory may help health promoters to make changes at the organizational and policy level to promote health. A stakeholder is any individual, group, or organization that can influence an organization. The organization that is the focus for influence attempts is called the focal organization. The more salient a stakeholder is and the more central in the network, the stronger the influence. As stakeholders, health promoters may use communicative, compromise, deinstitutionalization, or coercive methods through an ally or a coalition. A hypothetical case study, involving adolescent use of harmful legal products, illustrates the process of applying stakeholder theory to strategic decision making.
authors.affiliation: Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands g.kok@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
authors.forename: Gerjo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kok
authors.affiliation: Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Zamira
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gurabardhi
authors.affiliation: University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Nell H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Gottlieb
authors.affiliation: Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Fred R H
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Zijlstra
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D003142:Communication; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003657:Decision Making; D004777:Environment; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D058545:Inhalant Abuse / Q000517:prevention & control; D007373:Interinstitutional Relations; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D015279:Organizational Culture; D009936:Organizational Innovation; D012931:Social Environment
keywords: ecological model; environmental approaches; health promotion; organizational change; stakeholder analysis; stakeholder theory