title: Effect of Methanol Addition on the Resistivity and Morphology of PEDOT:PSS Layers on Top of Carbon Nanotubes for Use as Flexible Electrodes.
abstract: Overcoating carbon nanotube (CNT) films on flexible poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) foils with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (
  PSS) layers reduces the surface roughness, which is interesting for use in organic electronics. Adding methanol to the
  PSS aqueous solution used for spin coating of the
  PSS layer improves the wetting behavior of the CNT/PET surface. Samples with different volume fractions of methanol (0, 33, 50, 67, and 75 vol %) are compared with respect to the transmission, horizontal, and vertical resistivity. With grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering, the film morphologies are probed, which is challenging because of the substrate flexibility. At 50 vol %, methanol optimum conditions are achieved with the resistivity close to that of the bare CNT/PET substrates because of the best contact between the
  PSS film and CNT surface. At lower methanol ratios, the
  PSS films cannot adapt the CNT morphology, and at higher methanol ratios, they rupture into domains and no continuous
  PSS layers are formed.
authors.affiliation: †Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: Weijia
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: †Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ruderer
authors.affiliation: †Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: Ezzeldin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Metwalli
authors.affiliation: †Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: ‡Munich School of Engineering, Herzig Group, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: Eva M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Herzig
authors.affiliation: §Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perlich
authors.affiliation: †Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Müller-Buschbaum
keywords: GISAXS; PEDOT:PSS; flexible electrodes; morphology; resistivity