title: Radiographic evaluation of root canal fillings accomplished by undergraduate dental students.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiographic quality of root canal fillings by fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-year undergraduate students at Tabriz Faculty of Dentistry between 2006 and 2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1183 root canal fillings in 620 teeth were evaluated by two investigators (and in case of disagreement by a third investigator) regarding the presence or absence of under-fillings, over-fillings and perforations. For each tooth, preoperative, working and postoperative radiographs were checked. The Pearson's chi-square test was used for statistical evaluation of the data. Inter-examiner agreement was measured by Cohen's kappa (k) values. The level of significance was set at 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total frequencies of over-filling, under-filling and perforation were 5.6%, 20.4% and 1.9%, respectively. There were significant differences between frequencies of over- and under-fillings (P<0.05). Unacceptable quality, under- and over-fillings were detected in 27.9% of 1183 evaluated canals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The technical quality of root canal therapies performed by undergraduate dental students using step-back preparation and lateral compaction techniques was unacceptable in almost one-fourth of the cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Dental School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;
authors.forename: Hamidreza
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yavari
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Dental School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samiei
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Dental School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;
authors.forename: Shahriar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shahi
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran;
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Borna
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Dental School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;
authors.forename: Amir Ardalan
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Abdollahi
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;
authors.forename: Negar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ghiasvand
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Dental School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;
authors.forename: Gholamreza
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shariati
keywords: Dental Student; Radiographic Evaluation; Root Canal Fillings; Root Canal Treatment; Technical Quality
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