title: Evaluation of contact lens multipurpose solutions on bacterial biofilm development.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  No sooner are contact lenses (CLs) inserted into the eyes than lipids, proteins, and glycoproteins rapidly accumulate on their surface, thus favoring the adhesion of commensal bacteria and biofilm formation. Infections may be caused by the proliferation of indigenous flora or other opportunistic pathogens. Our purpose was to evaluate the activity and the capacity of different CL solutions to interfere with the mechanisms of biofilm formation and stability and use of a system to study dynamically biofilm development.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the antibiofilm activity of three different multipurpose solutions (MPSs): Regard, Biotrue, and OPTI-FREE PureMoist on four bacterial species (Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus). Static biofilm assay was first performed to analyze the effect of MPSs. Dynamic assays were performed with the BioFlux system to analyze the effect of the OxyChlorite solution Regard on the biofilm formation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our studies show that MPSs are able to completely inhibit biofilm formation of Staphylococcus species and of S. marcescens after only 4 hr of incubation. Moreover, a reduction of biofilm formation by Pseudomonas was noted. Best results on P. aeruginosa were obtained with Regard. Regard was also used for dynamic assay, revealing its ability to disaggregate the mature biofilm. Regard completely inhibited biofilm formation by S. epidermidis and slowed down biofilm development by P. aeruginosa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that the CL solutions tested were all able to reduce biofilm formation. Furthermore, the BioFlux system was proven to be useful for the evaluation of the effectiveness of CL solutions against microbial biofilm formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases (M.A., A.C., G.L.S., R.P., M.T., L.S.), Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; and Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences (S.P.), G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Artini
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cellini
authors.forename: Gian Luca
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Scoarughi
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Papa
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tilotta
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Palma
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Selan
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D018639:Contact Lens Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects*; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D018639:Contact Lens Solutions