title: Proton pump inhibitors utilisation in older people in New Zealand from 2005 to 2013.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prescriptions for proton pump inhibitors (PPI) to treat acid-related disorders continue to rise internationally and in New Zealand. Concerns have been raised regarding its widespread use, costs and potential adverse effects in older people.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to characterise the utilisation of PPI by older people (aged 65 years and older) in New Zealand from 2005 to 2013.
  
  
  METHODS
  Repeated cross-sectional analysis of population-level dispensing data was conducted from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2013. Dispensing data for all PPI prescriptions from 2005 to 2013 were obtained from the Ministry of Health, New Zealand. Utilisation was measured in defined daily doses (DDD) per 1000 older people per day using the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology anatomic, therapeutic and chemical classification system. Utilisation was standardised by sex, age, ethnicity and district health board.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall PPI utilisation showed a 26.7% increase from 2005 to 2013, from 273.41 to 346.53 DDD/1000/day. The greatest utilisation was observed in individuals aged between 80 and 84 years. Middle Eastern/Latin American/African utilised more PPI compared with other ethnic groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Utilisation of PPI among older people in New Zealand increased by a fifth from 2005 to 2013. Given the concerns surrounding the long-term PPI use in older people, the appropriateness of the increased utilisation needs to be continuously re-evaluated by prescribers and health policy makers.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Nishtala
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Soo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000639:trends*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors
keywords: defined daily dose; older person; omeprazole; proton pump inhibitor; utilisation