title: Chlamydia muridarum induction of glandular duct dilation in mice.
abstract: Although Chlamydia-induced hydrosalpinx in women and mice has been used as a surrogate marker for tubal infertility, the medical relevance of nontubal pathologies, such as uterine horn dilation, developed in mice following chlamydial infection remains unclear. We now report that the uterine horn dilation correlates with glandular duct dilation detected microscopically following Chlamydia muridarum infection. The dilated glandular ducts pushed the uterine horn lumen to closure or dilation and even broke through the myometrium to develop extrusion outside the uterine horn. The severity scores of uterine horn dilation observed macroscopically correlated well with the number of cross sections of the dilated glandular ducts counted under microscopy. Chlamydial infection was detected in the glandular epithelial cells, potentially leading to inflammation and dilation of the glandular ducts. Direct delivery of C. muridarum into the mouse uterus increased both uterine horn/glandular duct dilation and hydrosalpinx. However, the chlamydial plasmid, which is essential for the induction of hydrosalpinx, was not required for the induction of uterine horn/glandular duct dilation. Screening 12 strains of mice for uterine horn dilation following C. muridarum infection revealed that B10.D2, C57BL/10J, and C57BL/6J mice were most susceptible, followed by BALB/cJ and A/J mice. Deficiency in host genes involved in immune responses failed to significantly alter the C. muridarum induction of uterine horn dilation. Nevertheless, the chlamydial induction of uterine horn/glandular duct dilation may be used to evaluate plasmid-independent pathogenicity of Chlamydia in susceptible mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University of China, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Zhangsheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA Department of Pathology, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University of China, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hongbo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University of China, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jianlin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA Department of Clinical Diagnosis, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University of China, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lingli
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Sheena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rippentrop
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University of China, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA Zhongg@UTHSCSA.edu wuganqiu@163.com.
authors.forename: Guangming
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University of China, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China Zhongg@UTHSCSA.edu wuganqiu@163.com.
authors.forename: Ganqiu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D023502:Chlamydia muridarum; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D014591:Uterine Diseases / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D014599:Uterus / Q000473:pathology*
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