title: Comparison in decision-making between bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa, and healthy women: influence of mood status and pathological eating concerns.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Decision-making is reported to be impaired in anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), but the influence of mood status, pathophysiological eating, and weight concerns on the performance of decision-making ability between AN and BN is still unclear. The aims of this study were to investigate differential impairments in the decision-making process between AN, BN, and healthy controls (HC), and secondly, to explore the role of mood status, such as anxiety, depression, pathological eating, and weight concerns, in decision-making ability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients suffering from AN (n = 22), BN (n = 36) and age-matched HC (n = 51) were assessed for their decision-making abilities using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Self-reported questionnaires including the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), the Bulimia Investigatory Test, Edinburgh (BITE), the Eating Disorders Inventory, the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory measuring obsessive-compulsive traits, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale were used to assess pathological eating concerns and attitude to feelings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences in IGT performance were observed between BN and HC. Significant negative correlation was found between IGT performance and the BITE symptom subscale in AN. In BN, there was a negative correlation between the EDE-Q weight concerns subscale and IGT performance. It was also found that increased anxiety, depression, and eating/weight concerns predicted poorer decision-making.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different patterns of association between pathological eating concerns/behaviors and performances in decision-making ability were found between AN, BN, and HC. Anxiety, depressive mood status, and eating/weight concerns were related to decision-making ability.
authors.affiliation: United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Japan ; Research Center for Child Mental Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan ; Department of Regional Disaster Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan ; Tochigi Shimotsuga General Hospital, Tochigi Medical Center, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Japan ; Research Center for Child Mental Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Child Mental Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan ; Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Numata
authors.affiliation: United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Japan ; Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Matzuzawa
authors.affiliation: Tochigi Shimotsuga General Hospital, Tochigi Medical Center, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murano
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Koutaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yokote
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan ; Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan ; Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaomi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iyo
authors.affiliation: United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Japan ; Research Center for Child Mental Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan ; Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Japan ; Research Center for Child Mental Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan ; Department of Child Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakazato
keywords: Anorexia nervosa; Anxiety; Bulimia nervosa; Decision-making; Depressive mood; Iowa Gambling Task; Weight-concern
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