title: [Profile and susceptibility to antibiotics in urinary tract infections in children and newborns from 2012 to 2013: Data from 1879 urine cultures].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We present recent data on the bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility of uropathogenic bacteria isolated in children and newborns in our region over the past 2 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study on the positive urine cultures from pediatric and neonatal populations during 2012-2013. Bacteria were identified using conventional methods. Susceptibility testing was performed and interpreted as recommended by the committee of the susceptibility of the French Society of Microbiology (CA-SFM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We collected 1879 non-redundant bacteria with more than 73% Escherichia coli. Children and infants (mean age, 32 months [range, 1 month to 14 years]) accounted for 84% of the bacteria collected and newborns (mean age, 12 days [range, 1 day to 1 month]) 16%. A female predominance was observed in the pediatric population (M:F sex ratio, 3.2), whereas for the neonatal population, the proportions were almost identical in both sexes (M:F sex ratio, 1.1). Most of the positive urine cultures (n=1234) were from the community. Hospitalized patients (n=636) were divided into pediatric (60%) and neonatal units (40%). Five bacterial genera dominated the bacteriological profile: E. coli, Klebsiella sp., Proteus sp., Enterobacter sp., and Enterococcus. The susceptibility of the main BUP antibiotics used for treatment of frequent UTI showed the effectiveness of furadoine, imipenem, fosfomycin, and colistin. Amoxicillin kept constant activity against Enterococcus and Streptococcus agalactiae. The rates of resistance of Enterobacteriaceae to beta-lactam antibiotics were high, especially in the neonatal population. The production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) was noted in 12.8% of pediatric Enterobacteria vs. 22.6% of the neonatal strains. For community Enterobacteriaceae, the activity of beta-lactam antibiotics was limited with 11.2% resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (C3G), including 8.6% ESBL production.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The impact of widespread use of beta-lactam antibiotics in neonatal and pediatric environments is felt. Colistin, imipenem, and fosfomycin are the most frequently used antibiotics active against bacteria responsible for neonatal and pediatric UTI; however, they cannot be used as probabilistic treatment. Nitrofurans seem to be active antibiotics on UTI, but they present limits in their use in neonatal and pediatric populations. Their indication in case of pyelonephritis should be discussed.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de microbiologie et immunologie, UR12SP34, CHU Farhat Hached, avenue Ibn El Jazzar, 4000 Sousse, Tunisie. Electronic address: mnmarzouk@gmail.com.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marzouk
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de microbiologie et immunologie, UR12SP34, CHU Farhat Hached, avenue Ibn El Jazzar, 4000 Sousse, Tunisie.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferjani
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de microbiologie et immunologie, UR12SP34, CHU Farhat Hached, avenue Ibn El Jazzar, 4000 Sousse, Tunisie.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haj Ali
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de microbiologie et immunologie, UR12SP34, CHU Farhat Hached, avenue Ibn El Jazzar, 4000 Sousse, Tunisie.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boukadida
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology*; D001437:Bacteriuria / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014416:Tunisia; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents