title: Octopamine mediates starvation-induced hyperactivity in adult Drosophila.
abstract: Starved animals often exhibit elevated locomotion, which has been speculated to partly resemble foraging behavior and facilitate food acquisition and energy intake. Despite its importance, the neural mechanism underlying this behavior remains unknown in any species. In this study we confirmed and extended previous findings that starvation induced locomotor activity in adult fruit flies Drosophila melanogaster. We also showed that starvation-induced hyperactivity was directed toward the localization and acquisition of food sources, because it could be suppressed upon the detection of food cues via both central nutrient-sensing and peripheral sweet-sensing mechanisms, via induction of food ingestion. We further found that octopamine, the insect counterpart of vertebrate norepinephrine, as well as the neurons expressing octopamine, were both necessary and sufficient for starvation-induced hyperactivity. Octopamine was not required for starvation-induced changes in feeding behaviors, suggesting independent regulations of energy intake behaviors upon starvation. Taken together, our results establish a quantitative behavioral paradigm to investigate the regulation of energy homeostasis by the CNS and identify a conserved neural substrate that links organismal metabolic state to a specific behavioral output.
authors.affiliation: Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China;
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China;
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200; and.
authors.forename: Vivian
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China;
authors.forename: Yinjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; lmwang83@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Liming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology*; D000818:Animals; D003463:Cues; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D005502:Food; D006948:Hyperkinesis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009655:Octopamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013217:Starvation / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D009655:Octopamine
keywords: Drosophila; foraging; octopamine; starvation
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