title: Carotenoid-enriched transgenic corn delivers bioavailable carotenoids to poultry and protects them against coccidiosis.
abstract: Carotenoids are health-promoting organic molecules that act as antioxidants and essential nutrients. We show that chickens raised on a diet enriched with an engineered corn variety containing very high levels of four key carotenoids (β-carotene, lycopene, zeaxanthin and lutein) are healthy and accumulate more bioavailable carotenoids in peripheral tissues, muscle, skin and fat, and more retinol in the liver, than birds fed on standard corn diets (including commercial corn supplemented with colour additives). Birds were challenged with the protozoan parasite Eimeria tenella and those on the high-carotenoid diet grew normally, suffered only mild disease symptoms (diarrhoea, footpad dermatitis and digital ulcers) and had lower faecal oocyst counts than birds on the control diet. Our results demonstrate that carotenoid-rich corn maintains poultry health and increases the nutritional value of poultry products without the use of feed additives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Production, ETSEA, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nogareda
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Production, ETSEA, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Production, ETSEA, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Angulo
authors.affiliation: Biosynthesis Group, Department of Molecular Biosciences, J. W. Goethe Universität, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sandmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Portero
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, ETSEA, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Capell
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, ETSEA, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Changfu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, ETSEA, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain.|Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Christou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002645:Chickens; D003048:Coccidiosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003872:Dermatitis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D004032:Diet; D004539:Eimeria / Q000187:drug effects; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011200:Poultry / Q000469:parasitology*; D014456:Ulcer / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D014801:Vitamin A; D002338:Carotenoids
keywords: Eimeria tenella; antioxidants; bioavailability; carotenoids; genetic engineering; poultry
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