title: Social factors and barriers to self-care adherence in Hispanic men and women with diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore quantitatively the extent to which social support, social norms and barriers are associated with self-efficacy and self-care adherence in Hispanic patients with diabetes and the extent to which these differ for men and women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline survey data were collected from 248 low-SES, Hispanic men and women who were participants in a randomized controlled trial of a culturally targeted intervention for diabetes management. Student's t, Pearson correlations and multiple regression were used to analyze the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to men, women were less likely to receive support, faced more barriers, reported less self-efficacy and had lower levels of self-care adherence. Perceived support was consistently correlated with better self-efficacy in women but not men, even though men reported higher levels of support.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lack of adequate support seems to be a fundamental barrier for Hispanic women with diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Health care providers should be sensitive to sociocultural influences in Hispanic groups that may facilitate men's self-care adherence, but could potentially hamper women's efforts. Interventions designed for Hispanics should augment women's support needs and address culture and social factors that may differentially impact the ability of men and women to manage their diabetes.
authors.affiliation: School of Community and Environmental Health, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, USA. Electronic address: cmansyur@odu.edu.
authors.forename: Carol L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Mansyur
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA.
authors.forename: Luis O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Rustveld
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA.
authors.forename: Susan G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Nash
authors.affiliation: School of Allied Health Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA.
authors.forename: Maria L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Jibaja-Weiss
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003469:Culture; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology*; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010465:Perception; D036301:Qualitative Research; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012648:Self Care; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D016903:Drug Monitoring
keywords: Diabetes; Gender disparities; Hispanic; Self-care adherence; Self-efficacy; Social norms; Social support