title: Overexpression of a truncated CTF7 construct leads to pleiotropic defects in reproduction and vegetative growth in Arabidopsis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Eco1/Ctf7 is essential for the establishment of sister chromatid cohesion during S phase of the cell cycle. Inactivation of Ctf7/Eco1 leads to a lethal phenotype in most organisms. Altering Eco1/Ctf7 levels or point mutations in the gene can lead to alterations in nuclear division as well as a wide range of developmental defects. Inactivation of Arabidopsis CTF7 (AtCTF7) results in severe defects in reproduction and vegetative growth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To further investigate the function(s) of AtCTF7, a tagged version of AtCTF7 and several AtCTF7 deletion constructs were created and transformed into wild type or ctf7 +/- plants. Transgenic plants expressing 35S:NTAP:AtCTF7∆299-345 (AtCTF7∆B) displayed a wide range of phenotypic alterations in reproduction and vegetative growth. Male meiocytes exhibited chromosome fragmentation and uneven chromosome segregation. Mutant ovules contained abnormal megasporocyte-like cells during pre-meiosis, megaspores experienced elongated meiosis and megagametogenesis, and defective megaspores/embryo sacs were produced at various stages. The transgenic plants also exhibited a broad range of vegetative defects, including meristem disruption and dwarfism that were inherited in a non-Mendelian fashion. Transcripts for epigenetically regulated transposable elements (TEs) were elevated in transgenic plants. Transgenic plants expressing 35S:AtCTF7∆B displayed similar vegetative defects, suggesting the defects in 35S:NTAP:AtCTF7∆B plants are caused by high-level expression of AtCTF7∆B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High level expression of AtCTF7∆B disrupts megasporogenesis, megagametogenesis and male meiosis, as well as causing a broad range of vegetative defects, including dwarfism that are inherited in a non-Mendelian fashion.
authors.forename: Desheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Makaroff
mesh_terms: D000123:Acetyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020090:Chromosome Segregation; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000235:genetics; D005298:Fertility; D035264:Flowers / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D058685:Genetic Pleiotropy; D040582:Inheritance Patterns / Q000235:genetics; D008540:Meiosis; D050505:Mutant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010641:Phenotype; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012098:Reproduction; D012639:Seeds / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D050505:Mutant Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000123:Acetyltransferases; C583922:CTF7 protein, Arabidopsis
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