title: Drug-induced acute pancreatitis: a review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The majority of drug-induced pancreatitis cases are mild to moderate in severity, but severe and even fatal cases can occur. Management of drug-induced pancreatitis requires withdrawal of the offending agent and supportive care.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review focuses on differential diagnosis, clinical presentation, drug-mediated effects, treatments, and mechanisms of pancreatitis, with an emphasis on drug-induced pancreatitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although only a minority of cases associated with acute pancreatitis are linked to drugs, clinical presentation and mechanisms of injury to the pancreas are not well understood by clinicians in terms of individual drug effects in the mediation or modulation of injury to the pancreas. In recent years, a large number of commonly prescribed medications has been linked to drug-induced pancreatitis pathogenesis. Although mechanisms are proposed, the exact cause of injury is either not well understood or controversial.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future investigation into the mechanisms of pancreatitis and an appreciation by clinicians of the drugs commonly linked to the condition will help establish earlier diagnosis and quicker cessation of offending drugs in the treatment of drug-induced acute pancreatitis.
authors.affiliation: Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA ; Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA.
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA ; Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA.
authors.forename: Oliver Morgan
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA.
authors.forename: Adam M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kaye
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA ; Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA.
authors.forename: Alan David
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Kaye
keywords: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; antiretroviral therapy–highly active; diuretics; hypoglycemic agents; oral contraceptives; pancreatitis; statins; valproic acid
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