title: Biocompounds from rapeseed oil industry co-stream as active ingredients for skin care applications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite the great number of substances produced by the skincare industry, very few of them seem to truly have an effect on the skin. Therefore, given the social implications surrounding physical appearance, the search for new bioactive compounds to prevent or attenuate skin ageing and enhance self-image is a priority of current research. In this context, being rich in valuable compounds, such as proteins, phenolics, lipids and vitamins, this study is focused on the potential activity of rapeseed press cake hydrolysates to be used as raw materials for skincare applications.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, the protein-rich press residue from the rapeseed oil industry was converted enzymatically into short-chain biologically active peptides using four protease products with varying substrate specificity - Alcalase 2.4L FG, Protex 6L, Protamex and Corolase 7089. The antioxidant, anti-wrinkle and anti-inflammatory activities of the obtained hydrolysates were evaluated in vitro while their biocompatibility with human skin fibroblasts was tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All hydrolysates were biocompatible with skin fibroblasts after 24 h of exposure, while the non-hydrolysed extract induced cell toxicity. Alcalase 2,4L FG and Protex 6L-obtained hydrolysates were the most promising extracts showing improved bioactivities suitable for skin anti-ageing formulations, namely antioxidant activity, inhibiting approximately 80% cellular reactive oxidative species, anti-inflammatory and anti-wrinkle properties, inhibiting around 36% of myeloperoxidase activity and over 83% of elastase activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The enzymatic technology applied to the rapeseed oil industry costream results in the release of bioactive compounds suitable for skincare applications.
authors.affiliation: Grup de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Rambla Sant Nebridi 22, Catalonia, 08222, Spain.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.affiliation: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, Espoo, FI-02044, Finland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rommi
authors.affiliation: Grup de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Rambla Sant Nebridi 22, Catalonia, 08222, Spain.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, Espoo, FI-02044, Finland.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lantto
authors.affiliation: Grup de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Rambla Sant Nebridi 22, Catalonia, 08222, Spain.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tzanov
mesh_terms: D003358:Cosmetics; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil; D017592:Skin Care
chemical_list: D003358:Cosmetics; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D010938:Plant Oils; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil
keywords: bioactive peptides; cell culture; chemical analysis; enzymatic hydrolysis; skin care; spectroscopy