title: Differences in successful treatment completion among pregnant and non-pregnant American women.
abstract: The present study explores characteristics of successful substance abuse treatment completion of pregnant women through an analysis of retrospective outcomes data. Women without prior treatment admissions, aged 18-44, and not in methadone maintenance therapy were included (N = 678,782). Chi-square tests analyzed significant differences; logistic regression provided predictive probabilities; odds ratios (OR) and risk differences with 95 % confidence intervals represent the effect sizes and clinically meaningful differences. Pregnant women were less likely to successfully complete treatment than non-pregnant women (χ (2) = 321.33, df = 1, p < 0.0001), though the difference was not clinically meaningful (risk difference = 4.75, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 4.23-5.26). Aside from criminal justice agencies, "other community agencies" refer the greatest percentage of pregnant women to treatment (risk difference = 6.37, 95 % CI = 5.89-6.84). Pregnant women successfully complete treatment more than non-pregnant women in only non-intensive outpatient settings (χ (2) = 10,182.48, df = 7, p < 0.0001). Further attention to referral source and treatment setting for pregnant women may improve successful treatment completion by targeting needs of pregnant women. Referring to non-intensive outpatient and residential hospital treatment settings may help to ameliorate prenatal substance abuse treatment contingent on the primary problem substance.
authors.affiliation: Iowa Consortium for Substance Abuse Research and Evaluation, University of Iowa, 100 MTP4, Iowa City, IA, 52245-5000, USA.|Department of Psychological and Quantitative Foundations, Counseling Psychology, College of Education, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Ethan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sahker
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: McCabe
authors.affiliation: Iowa Consortium for Substance Abuse Research and Evaluation, University of Iowa, 100 MTP4, Iowa City, IA, 52245-5000, USA. stephan-arndt@uiowa.edu.|Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. stephan-arndt@uiowa.edu.|Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. stephan-arndt@uiowa.edu.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arndt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Community health; Pregnant; Substance abuse; Treatment outcomes