title: Production of Highly Charged Pharmaceutical Aerosols Using a New Aerosol Induction Charger.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Properly charged particles can be used for effective lung targeting of pharmaceutical aerosols. The objective of this study was to characterize the performance of a new induction charger that operates with a mesh nebulizer for the production of highly charged submicrometer aerosols to bypass the mouth-throat and deliver clinically relevant doses of medications to the lungs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Variables of interest included combinations of model drug (albuterol sulfate) and charging excipient (NaCl) as well as strength of the charging field (1-5 kV/cm). Aerosol charge and size were measured using a modified electrical low pressure impactor system combined with high performance liquid chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the approximate mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of the aerosol (~0.4 μm), the induction charge on the particles was an order of magnitude above the field and diffusion charge limit. The nebulization rate was 439.3 ± 42.9 μl/min, which with a 0.1% w/v solution delivered 419.5 ± 34.2 μg of medication per minute. A new correlation was developed to predict particle charge produced by the induction charger.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of the aerosol induction charger and predictive correlations will allow for the practical generation and control of charged submicrometer aerosols for targeting deposition within the lungs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA, lgolshahi@vcu.edu.
authors.forename: Laleh
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Golshahi
authors.forename: P Worth
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Longest
authors.forename: Landon
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Holbrook
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Snead
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hindle
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000336:Aerosols / Q000737:chemistry*; D000420:Albuterol / Q000737:chemistry*; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D010316:Particle Size
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D005079:Excipients; D000420:Albuterol
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