title: Surface characteristics of reciprocating instruments before and after use--a SEM analysis.
abstract: The presence of debris, defects and deformations of endodontic reciprocating instruments before and after chemical-mechanical preparation (MCP) was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The following 26 instruments were divided into 2 groups: Waveone (n=13) and Reciproc (n=13) and examined by SEM (150 x magnification) prior to canal preparation at 2 and 4 mm from the tip. The instruments were used in the preparation of mesial root canals of 26 extracted human permanent mandibular molars. The instruments were then washed in ultrasonic bath and subjected to new microscopic analysis of debris and deformation by a score that used the presence or absence of irregular edges, grooves, microcavities and burrs as criteria. After the SEM analysis and with the scores of the examiners, the collected data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis using the Kruskall-Walis and Mann Whitney test at a 5% significance level. All instruments examined presented debris before and after use. A statistically significant difference was found for defects and deformation between the groups (p<0.05). The presence of defects and deformities was higher in the WaveOne instruments, and Reciproc instruments presented a lower rate.
authors.affiliation: Dental School, UFAM - Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aida Rene Assayag
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Hanan
authors.affiliation: Dental School, UFAM - Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniely Amorin de
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Meireles
authors.affiliation: Dental School, UFAM - Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
authors.forename: Emílio Carlos
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Sponchiado Júnior
authors.affiliation: Dental School, UFAM - Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hanan
authors.affiliation: Araraquara Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Milton Carlos
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kuga
authors.affiliation: Araraquara Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Idomeo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bonetti Filho
mesh_terms: D003762:Dental Instruments; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008963:Molar / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D009532:Nickel; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium