title: Exploring the drug migration process through ethyl cellulose-based films from infrared-spectral insights.
abstract: Using novel time-dependent ATR-FTIR technique and two-dimensional correlation analysis (2 Dcos), the migration behavior of drugs with varying water solubilities was investigated with ethyl cellulose (EC) films prepared with different kinds of pore formers and/or plasticizers. Three major stages were determined for drug migration: (1) water migrated from the drug-saturated solution to the other side of the EC film, (2) upon saturation of the film, water migration ceased and enough pore former was dissolved, and (3) upon dissolution of enough pore former, channels were formed between both sides of the EC film causing drug migration to begin and water migration to return. Further investigations demonstrated a reduction or elimination in second stage with increasing water solubility of the pore former and/or decreasing water solubility of the drug. These results offer a mechanistic understanding of water and drug migration across EC films not previously studied and might provide an effective guide for the preparation of EC pharmaceutical coating with desired drug release behavior.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Dow Pharma and Food Solutions, Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Cody A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Schoener
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: peiyiwu@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Peiyi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Dow Pharma and Food Solution, Dow Chemical (China) Investment Company, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: hgao3@dow.com.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000737:chemistry*; D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D004058:Diffusion; D004337:Drug Carriers; D007700:Kinetics; D008687:Metformin / Q000737:chemistry*; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D010968:Plasticizers / Q000737:chemistry; D016062:Porosity; D012995:Solubility; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D010968:Plasticizers; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water; D000082:Acetaminophen; C013517:ethyl cellulose; D002482:Cellulose; D008687:Metformin
keywords: ATR-FTIR; Drug release behavior; Ethyl cellulose; Pharmaceutical coating; Two-dimensional correlation analysis