title: Reduction in inpatient resource utilization and costs associated with long-acting injectable antipsychotics across different age groups of Medicaid-insured schizophrenia patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluate utilization of inpatient healthcare resources and associated costs after 12 months of treatment using long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotic medications among a large sample of Medicaid-insured patients categorized by different age groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult patients with schizophrenia were identified from the Thomson Reuters MarketScan Research database (1/1/2006-12/31/2010) before initiation of treatment using LAI antipsychotic agents. Utilization of inpatient healthcare resources and associated direct medical costs were compared for 12-month baseline and 12-month follow-up periods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 3,094 Medicaid-insured patients with schizophrenia initiating treatment with LAIs, the mean number of all-cause hospitalizations and hospitalization days were reduced by 24% and 31% (p<0.0001) compared with baseline, respectively, with similar significant reductions among all age groups (18-30, 31-40, 41-50, and 51-60 years). During 12-month follow-up with LAIs, mean reductions in all-cause costs were $4,369 (18-30 years, p<0.0001), $3,681 (31-40 years, p<0.0001), $2,051 (41-50 years, p=0.1332), and $4,492 (51-60 years, p=0.0107). Subanalyses separating first-generation and second-generation medication groups resulted in mean reduction in all-cause costs of $3,561 and $3,645, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results from this large cohort study provide naturalistic real-world evidence of the utility of LAIs in patients with schizophrenia and suggest that these agents may help to reduce the risk of relapse across all age groups (especially among younger patients). Given that relapse prevention is the ultimate goal of antipsychotic treatment, results from this large Medicaid patient population establish the value of LAIs for the management of schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA;
authors.forename: Siddhesh A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kamat
authors.affiliation: Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA;
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Offord
authors.affiliation: Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA;
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Docherty
authors.affiliation: Novosys Health, Flemington, NJ, USA;
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Lundbeck, Deerfield, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eramo
authors.affiliation: Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development and Commercialization, Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA;
authors.forename: Ross A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.affiliation: Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA;
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.affiliation: CNK Consulting Group LLC, Delray Beach, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Karson
keywords: first-generation; inpatient costs; long-acting injectable agents; mirror study; naturalistic study; schizophrenia; second-generation; utilization of inpatient healthcare resources
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