title: ACR Appropriateness Criteria Imaging in the Diagnosis of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome.
abstract: Thoracic outlet syndrome is a clinical entity characterized by compression of the neurovascular bundle, and may be associated with additional findings such as venous thrombosis, arterial stenosis, or neurologic symptoms. The goal of imaging is to localize the site of compression, the compressing structure, and the compressed organ or vessel, while excluding common mimics. A literature review is provided of current indications for diagnostic imaging, with discussion of potential limitations and benefits of the respective modalities. The ACR Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed every 3 years by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and review include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer-reviewed journals and the application of a well-established consensus methodology (modified Delphi) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures by the panel. In those instances in which evidence is lacking or not definitive, expert opinion may be used to recommend imaging or treatment. In this document, we provided guidelines for use of various imaging modalities for assessment of thoracic outlet syndrome.
authors.affiliation: University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Electronic address: jmoriarty@mednet.ucla.edu.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Moriarty
authors.affiliation: University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Society for Vascular Surgery, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Dennis F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Bandyk
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida.
authors.forename: Daniel F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Broderick
authors.affiliation: University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Rebecca S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Cornelius
authors.affiliation: University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Karin E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Dill
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Francois
authors.affiliation: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; American College of Cardiology, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: Marie D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Gerhard-Herman
authors.affiliation: Columbia University, New York, New York; Society of Thoracic Surgeons, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ginsburg
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hanley
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Sanjeeva P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Kalva
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Jeffrey P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kanne
authors.affiliation: University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
authors.forename: Loren H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Ketai
authors.affiliation: Ohio State University Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: Bill S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Majdalany
authors.affiliation: Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Ravenel
authors.affiliation: Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.affiliation: New York Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, New York; The American College of Chest Physicians, Northbrook, IL.
authors.forename: Anthony G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Saleh
authors.affiliation: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Matthew P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Schenker
authors.affiliation: University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.
authors.forename: Tan-Lucien H
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.affiliation: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Frank J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Rybicki
mesh_terms: D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011871:Radiology / Q000592:standards*; D012955:Societies, Medical; D013901:Thoracic Outlet Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014481:United States
keywords: Appropriateness criteria; Paget-Schroetter; thoracic outlet