title: Biosynthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial applications of silver nanoparticles.
abstract: In the present study, the strain Brevibacterium frigoritolerans DC2 was explored for the efficient and extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles. These biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, which detected the formation of silver nanoparticles in the reaction mixture and showed a maximum absorbance at 420 nm. In addition, field emission transmission electron microscopy revealed the spherical shape of the nanoparticles. The dynamic light scattering results indicated the average particle size of the product was 97 nm with a 0.191 polydispersity index. Furthermore, the product was analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and elemental mapping, which displayed the presence of elemental silver in the product. Moreover, on a medical platform, the product was checked against pathogenic microorganisms including Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella enterica, Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. The nanoparticles demonstrated antimicrobial activity against all of these pathogenic microorganisms. Additionally, the silver nanoparticles were evaluated for their combined effects with the commercial antibiotics lincomycin, oleandomycin, vancomycin, novobiocin, penicillin G, and rifampicin against these pathogenic microorganisms. These results indicated that the combination of antibiotics with biosynthesized silver nanoparticles enhanced the antimicrobial effects of antibiotics. Therefore, the current study is a demonstration of an efficient biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles by B. frigoritolerans DC2 and its effect on the enhancement of the antimicrobial efficacy of well-known commercial antibiotics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Priyanka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yeon Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Gyeonggi-Do Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyu Hyon
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mohamed El-Agamy
authors.initials: Mel-A
authors.lastname: Farh
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea ; Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Deok Chun
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D001709:Biotechnology; D001951:Brevibacterium / Q000378:metabolism; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D012834:Silver
keywords: Brevibacterium frigoritolerans; antimicrobial activity; biosynthesis; silver nanoparticles; synergistic effect
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