title: Intracellular Delivery of Bioactive Cargos to Hard-to-Transfect Cells Using Carbon Nanosyringe Arrays under an Applied Centrifugal g-Force.
abstract: There is considerable interest in developing a common, universal platform for delivering biomacromolecules such as proteins and RNAs into diverse cells with high efficiency. Here, it is shown that carbon nanosyringe arrays (CNSAs) under an applied centrifugal g-force (cf-CNSAs) can deliver diverse bioactive cargos directly into the cytosol of hard-to-transfect cells with relatively high efficiency and reproducibility. The cf-CNSA platform, an optimized version of a previous CNSA-mediated intracellular delivery platform that adds a g-force feature, exhibits more rapid and superior delivery of cargos to various hard-to-transfect cells than is the case in the absence of g-force. Active species, including small interfering RNAs, plasmids, and proteins are successfully transported across plasma membrane barriers into various cells. By overcoming the limitations of currently available transfection methods, the cf-CNSA platform paves the way to universal delivery of a variety of cargos, facilitating the analysis of cellular responses in diverse cell types.
authors.affiliation: KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 305-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Minsuk
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 500-712, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 500-712, South Korea.
authors.forename: Won Bae
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 305-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Vipul
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gujrati
authors.affiliation: KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 305-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Daejin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 500-712, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jinju
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 500-712, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Il
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 305-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyungjun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 305-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Phei Er
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Saw
authors.affiliation: KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 305-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sangyong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002498:Centrifugation; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006112:Gravitation; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism*; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C485184:enhanced green fluorescent protein; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D002244:Carbon
keywords: carbon nanosyringe arrays; intracellular delivery; protein delivery; siRNA delivery; transfection