title: Health gain by salt reduction in europe: a modelling study.
abstract: Excessive salt intake is associated with hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Salt intake exceeds the World Health Organization population nutrition goal of 5 grams per day in the European region. We assessed the health impact of salt reduction in nine European countries (Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom). Through literature research we obtained current salt intake and systolic blood pressure levels of the nine countries. The population health modeling tool DYNAMO-HIA including country-specific disease data was used to predict the changes in prevalence of ischemic heart disease and stroke for each country estimating the effect of salt reduction through its effect on blood pressure levels. A 30% salt reduction would reduce the prevalence of stroke by 6.4% in Finland to 13.5% in Poland. Ischemic heart disease would be decreased by 4.1% in Finland to 8.9% in Poland. When salt intake is reduced to the WHO population nutrient goal, it would reduce the prevalence of stroke from 10.1% in Finland to 23.1% in Poland. Ischemic heart disease would decrease by 6.6% in Finland to 15.5% in Poland. The number of postponed deaths would be 102,100 (0.9%) in France, and 191,300 (2.3%) in Poland. A reduction of salt intake to 5 grams per day is expected to substantially reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease and mortality in several European countries.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marieke A H
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hendriksen
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Joop M A
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: van Raaij
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johanna M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Geleijnse
authors.affiliation: Noncommunicable Diseases and Health Promotion, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Joao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Breda
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hendriek C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Boshuizen
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D004039:Diet, Sodium-Restricted; D005060:Europe; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D015233:Models, Statistical; D015995:Prevalence; D062486:Public Health Surveillance; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary
chemical_list: D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary
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