title: Effects of age on cognitive control during semantic categorization.
abstract: We used event-related potentials (ERPs) to study age effects of perceptual (basic-level) vs. perceptual-semantic (superordinate-level) categorization on cognitive control using the go/nogo paradigm. Twenty-two younger (11 M; 21 ± 2.2 years) and 22 older adults (9 M; 63 ± 5.8 years) completed two visual go/nogo tasks. In the single-car task (SiC) (basic), go/nogo responses were made based on single exemplars of a car (go) and a dog (nogo). In the object animal task (ObA) (superordinate), responses were based on multiple exemplars of objects (go) and animals (nogo). Each task consisted of 200 trials: 160 (80%) 'go' trials that required a response through button pressing and 40 (20%) 'nogo' trials that required inhibition/withholding of a response. ERP data revealed significantly reduced nogo-N2 and nogo-P3 amplitudes in older compared to younger adults, whereas go-N2 and go-P3 amplitudes were comparable in both groups during both categorization tasks. Although the effects of categorization levels on behavioral data and P3 measures were similar in both groups with longer response times, lower accuracy scores, longer P3 latencies, and lower P3 amplitudes in ObA compared to SiC, N2 latency revealed age group differences moderated by the task. Older adults had longer N2 latency for ObA compared to SiC, in contrast, younger adults showed no N2 latency difference between SiC and ObA. Overall, these findings suggest that age differentially affects neural processing related to cognitive control during semantic categorization. Furthermore, in older adults, unlike in younger adults, levels of categorization modulate neural processing related to cognitive control even at the early stages (N2).
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 901 South Sixth Street, Champaign, IL 61820, USA; Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, 2200 West Mockingbird Lane, Dallas, TX 75235, USA. Electronic address: raksha@illinois.edu.
authors.forename: Raksha A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Mudar
authors.affiliation: Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, 2200 West Mockingbird Lane, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
authors.forename: Hsueh-Sheng
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.affiliation: Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, 2200 West Mockingbird Lane, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
authors.forename: Mandy J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Maguire
authors.affiliation: Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, 2200 West Mockingbird Lane, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Spence
authors.affiliation: Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, 2200 West Mockingbird Lane, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eroh
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kraut
authors.affiliation: Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, 2200 West Mockingbird Lane, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hart
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012660:Semantics; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Aging; Categorization; Cognitive control; Event-related potentials; Semantic
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