title: Exposure to bisphenol-A and reproductive hormones among male adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bisphenol A (BPA) is a suspected human endocrine disruptor which is widely used.
  
  
  METHODS
  In order to determine whether urine BPA level is associated with serum reproductive hormone levels among male adults, we carried out a cross-sectional study in China. We recruited 592 male workers and collected their urine samples for BPA measurement. We also collected blood samples and examined serum reproductive hormones. We used multiple linear regression and log-binomial model to examine associations between urine BPA level and hormone levels after controlling for age and smoking status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An increased urine BPA level was associated with increased prolactin (p<0.001), estradiol (p<0.001), sex hormone-binding globulin level (p=0.001), and a reduced androstenedione (p<0.001) and free androgen index level (p=0.021). Males, whose urine BPA level was in the 2nd, 3rd and highest quartiles, had respectively 1.58, 1.33 and 3.09-fold increased prevalence of having a high prolactin level (>P75 level). The highest quartile of BPA level was associated with 1.63 and 1.50-fold increased prevalence of having a high estradiol and elevated sex hormone-binding globulin level. Males with higher quartile of BPA level had a lower inhibin B level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High BPA exposure is associated with increased prolactin, estradiol and sex hormone-binding globulin level in males, and may contribute to male infertility.
authors.affiliation: NPFPC Key Laboratory of Contraceptives and Devices, Department of Reproductive Epidemiology and Social Science, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoqin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: NPFPC Key Laboratory of Contraceptives and Devices, Department of Reproductive Epidemiology and Social Science, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Maohua
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, WHO Collaborating Center for Occupational Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zhijun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: NPFPC Key Laboratory of Contraceptives and Devices, Department of Reproductive Epidemiology and Social Science, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ersheng
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: NPFPC Key Laboratory of Contraceptives and Devices, Department of Reproductive Epidemiology and Social Science, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
authors.forename: Jintao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: NPFPC Key Laboratory of Contraceptives and Devices, Department of Reproductive Epidemiology and Social Science, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: yuanwei11@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Division of Research, Kaiser Foundation Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA, USA; Department of Health Research and Policy, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: De-Kun
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000728:Androgens / Q000097:blood; D044466:Asian People; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000652:urine*; D002681:China; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000652:urine*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000652:urine*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007265:Inhibins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D010636:Phenols / Q000652:urine*; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000032:analysis; D055815:Young Adult; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D004958:Estradiol; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D007265:Inhibins; D010636:Phenols; D011388:Prolactin; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; C422364:inhibin B; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: BPA; Bisphenol A; Endocrine disruptor; Reproductive hormone