title: Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation and influence of BsmI polymorphism of the VDR gene of the inflammatory profile and oxidative stress in elderly women with vitamin D insufficiency: Vitamin D3 megadose reduces inflammatory markers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin D3 megadose supplementation and influence of BsmI polymorphism in the VDR gene on the inflammatory profile and oxidative stress in elderly women with vitamin D deficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  A double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted with 40 elderly women (aged 68±6 years) diagnosed with vitamin D insufficiency (24.7±3.1 ng/mL). Participants were distributed into a supplementation group that received 200,000 IU of vitamin D3 (SG; n=20) and a placebo group (PG; n=20). Blood samples were collected at baseline and after intervention to analyse the 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone, serum calcium, ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein (us-CRP), alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP-A), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, as well as the renal and hepatic function, and genotyping was performed for BsmI polymorphism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four weeks after supplementation, elderly women in the SG group showed a significant increase in the serum concentration of 25(OH)D (25.29±2.8 to 31.48±6.0; p=0.0001), which was followed by increased TAC (65.25±15.66 to 71.83±10.71; p=0.03) and decreased serum PTH (46.32±13.2 to 35.45±11.0; p=0.009), us-CRP (0.38±0.3 to 0.19±0.1; p=0.007) and AGP-A levels (75.3±15.4 to 61.1±5.9; p=0.005). Changes in BP, ANAC and MDA were not observed. The 25(OH)D and PTH, us-CRP and AGP-A levels of participants with the BB/Bb genotype were more responsive to supplementation, but their other markers did not change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Supplementation with a vitamin D3 megadose reduced inflammatory markers and increased the total antioxidant capacity in elderly women with vitamin D insufficiency. The 25(OH)D, PTH, us-CRP and AGP-A levels of elderly patients with the BB/Bb genotype were more responsive to supplementation compared with those with the bb genotype.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. Electronic address: isa.gabriela@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Isa Gabriela
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: de Medeiros Cavalcante
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre Sérgio
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria José Carvalho
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Darlene Camati
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Persuhn
authors.forename: Chahira Taha Mahd Ibrahim
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Issa
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
authors.forename: ChariraTahaMad Ibraim
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Issa
authors.affiliation: João Pessoa City Hall, Paraíba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tiago Lima
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: de Luna Freire
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: da Conceição Rodrigues Gonçalves
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; C579457:VDR protein, human; D014807:Vitamin D; D002762:Cholecalciferol; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002118:Calcium
keywords: BsmI polymorphism; Elderly; Inflammation and oxidative stress; Supplementation; Vitamin D3