title: The BRAIN Initiative: developing technology to catalyse neuroscience discovery.
abstract: The evolution of the field of neuroscience has been propelled by the advent of novel technological capabilities, and the pace at which these capabilities are being developed has accelerated dramatically in the past decade. Capitalizing on this momentum, the United States launched the Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies (BRAIN) Initiative to develop and apply new tools and technologies for revolutionizing our understanding of the brain. In this article, we review the scientific vision for this initiative set forth by the National Institutes of Health and discuss its implications for the future of neuroscience research. Particular emphasis is given to its potential impact on the mapping and study of neural circuits, and how this knowledge will transform our understanding of the complexity of the human brain and its diverse array of behaviours, perceptions, thoughts and emotions.
authors.affiliation: Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA jorgensonla@od.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Lyric A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Jorgenson
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA bnewsome@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: William T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Newsome
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Lulu and Anthony Wang Laboratory of Neural Circuits and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Cornelia I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Bargmann
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Engineering and Science and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Emery N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Bioengineering, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Deisseroth
authors.affiliation: Brown Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Donoghue
authors.affiliation: Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Kathy L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.affiliation: Biological Technologies Office, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Arlington, VA 22203, USA.
authors.forename: Geoffrey S F
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA.
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: MacLeish
authors.affiliation: Biology Department and Volen Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA.
authors.forename: Eve
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marder
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Normann
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Sanes
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute and James H. Clark Center for Biomedical Engineering & Sciences, CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Schnitzer
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Terrence J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Sejnowski
authors.affiliation: Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Bezos Center for Neural Circuit Dynamics and Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Tank
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Roger Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Tsien
authors.affiliation: Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, MN 55454, USA.
authors.forename: Kamil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ugurbil
authors.affiliation: Directorate for Biological Sciences, National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA 22230, USA.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wingfield
mesh_terms: D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D009488:Neurosciences / Q000379:methods*; D012107:Research Design
keywords: BRAIN Initiative; neural circuitry; neurotechnology
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