title: Support for down-staging of pregnancy-associated cervical cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate all cases of cervical cancer associated with pregnancy during 16 years in the Western Region of Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, descriptive cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  All women with cervical cancer, diagnosed during pregnancy or within 6 months after parturition, between 1993 and 2008.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was based on data from different registers and medical records.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incidence, diagnostic measures, treatment and outcome of disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cervical cancer was diagnosed in 47 women (15.6/100 000 deliveries). Sixteen women had abnormal vaginal bleeding and/or discharge. The other women were asymptomatic and diagnosed by abnormal cervical smear or clinical signs at vaginal examination. Nine women had atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance as presenting by cervical atypia. Twenty-two women had stage IA, 17 stage IB1, six stage IB2 and two stage IIA cancer. Cancer was diagnosed in the first trimester in two, in the second trimester in 14, in the third trimester in five and postpartum in 26 women. Histology revealed squamous cell carcinoma in 36 women, adenocarcinoma in eight, and adenosquamous carcinoma in three. Twenty women underwent cesarean section due to diagnosed or clinically suspected cancer, combined with the Wertheim-Meigs radical hysterectomy in six women. Sixteen women with stage IA1 cancer without signs of vascular invasion underwent conization as definitive therapy. Six women died of the disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early detection of cervical cytological atypia and proper follow-up during pregnancy led to detection of a high proportion of stage I cancer cases, which could be cured with fertility-sparing therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kärrberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rådberg
authors.affiliation: Regional Cancer Center of Western Sweden, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Holmberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Norström
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D000328:Adult; D018196:Carcinoma, Adenosquamous / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003127:Colposcopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D015994:Incidence; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011247:Pregnancy; D011252:Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy
keywords: Cervical cancer; dysplasia; pregnancy; screening; treatment