title: A Simple Technique for Visualizing Ultrasound Fields Without Schlieren Optics.
abstract: A simple technique designed for visualization of ultrasound fields without Schlieren optics is introduced. An optical system of direct shadowgraphy with diverging light, which consists of a point light source and a shadow screen, constituted the basic system, but the screen was replaced by focusing optics: a camera that makes a virtual screen at its focus plane. The proposed technique visualizes displacement of light deflected by ultrasound, and the use of focusing optics enables flexible settings of the virtual screen position and optical magnification. Insufficient sensitivity of shadowgraphy was overcome by elimination of non-deflecting light using image subtraction of shadowgrams taken with and without ultrasound exposure. A 1-MHz focused transducer for ultrasound therapy and a 20-MHz miniature transducer for intravascular imaging were used for experiments, and alternate pressure change in short-pulsed ultrasound was visualized, indicating the usefulness of the proposed technique for evaluation of medical ultrasound fields.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. Electronic address: kudo@bme.ist.hokudai.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Nobuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kudo
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D008029:Lighting / Q000295:instrumentation*; D055096:Optical Devices; D012031:Refractometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D000069453:Ultrasonic Waves; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000295:instrumentation*
keywords: Focused shadowgraphy; Focused ultrasound; High-frequency ultrasound; Optical method; Schlieren technique; Shadowgraphy; Ultrasound field; Visualization