title: Simultaneous electrochemical sensing of thallium, lead and mercury using a novel ionic liquid/graphene modified electrode.
abstract: In the present manuscript, an electrochemical sensor for the sensitive detection of Tl(+), Pb(2+) and Hg(2+) is described. A new composite electrode has been fabricated using graphene, 1-n-octylpyridinum hexafluorophosphate (OPFP), and [2,4-Cl2C6H3C(O)CHPPh3] (L), as a new synthetic phosphorus ylide. The physicochemical and electrochemical characterizations of fabricated sensor were investigated in details. The advantages of the proposed composite electrode are its ability in simultaneous electrochemical detection of Tl(+), Pb(2+) and Hg(2+) with good selectivity, stability and no need for separating of the three species from complex mixtures prior to electrochemical measurements. The analytical performance of the proposed electrode was examined using square wave voltammetry. Tl(+), Pb(2+) and Hg(2+) can be determined in linear ranges from 1.25×10(-9) to 2.00×10(-7) mol L(-1). Low detection limits of 3.57×10(-10) mol L(-1) for Tl(+), 4.50×10(-10) mol L(-1) for Pb(2+) and 3.86×10(-10) mol L(-1) for Hg(2+) were achieved. Finally, the proposed electrochemical sensor was applied to detect trace analyte ions in various water and soil samples with satisfactory results.
authors.affiliation: Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: h.bagheri82@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bagheri
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Afkhami
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
authors.forename: Hosein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khoshsafar
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mosayeb
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rezaei
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Javad
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Sabounchei
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sarlakifar
mesh_terms: D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004566:Electrodes; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D008628:Mercury / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D013793:Thallium / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D052578:Ionic Liquids; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D010710:Phosphates; D007854:Lead; D006108:Graphite; D013793:Thallium; D008628:Mercury
keywords: Chemically modified carbon paste electrode; Electrochemical sensor; Graphene; Heavy metals; Simultaneous determination of heavy metals