title: Stably expressed housekeeping genes across developmental stages in the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae.
abstract: Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is a reliable and reproducible technique for measuring mRNA expression. To facilitate gene expression studies and obtain more accurate qRT-PCR analysis, normalization relative to stable housekeeping genes is mandatory. In this study, ten housekeeping genes, including beta-actin (Actin) , elongation factor 1 α (EF1A) , glyceralde hyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) , ribosomal protein L13 (RPL13) , ribosomal protein 49 (RP49) , α-tubulin (Tubulin) , vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (v-ATPase) , succinate dehydrogenase subunit A (SDHA) , 28S ribosomal RNA (28S) , and 18S ribosomal RNA (18S) from the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, were selected as the candidate reference genes. Four algorithms, geNorm, Normfinder, BestKeeper, and the ΔCt method, were used to evaluate the performance of these candidates as endogenous controls across different developmental stages. In addition, RefFinder, which integrates the above-mentioned software tools, provided the overall ranking of the stability/suitability of these candidate reference genes. Among them, PRL13 and v-ATPase were the two most stable housekeeping genes across different developmental stages. This work is the first step toward establishing a standardized qRT-PCR analysis in T. urticae following the MIQE guideline. With the recent release of the T. urticae genome, results from this study provide a critical piece for the subsequent genomics and functional genomics research in this emerging model system.
authors.affiliation: Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America.
authors.forename: Chunxiao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America.
authors.forename: Huipeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America.
authors.forename: Xuguo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000235:genetics*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000235:genetics*; D020043:Genes, Essential / Q000235:genetics*; D017344:Genes, Insect / Q000235:genetics*; D012984:Software; D040102:Tetranychidae / Q000235:genetics*; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000235:genetics
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