title: Effect of technique of sealer agitation on percentage and depth of MTA Fillapex sealer penetration: A comparative in-vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effect of three root canal sealer activation techniques on percentage and depth of sealer penetration of MTA Fillapex and AH Plus sealers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty teeth prepared till F5 ProTaper size were divided into three equal groups on the basis of sealer activation technique (G1: Ultrasonics, G2: Lentulo spiral, and G3: Counter-clockwise rotary motion). Each group was further divided into two equal subgroups on the basis of type of sealer used: AH Plus (Denstply, Konstanz, Germany) or MTA Fillapex (Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil) and obturated with gutta-percha. Horizontal sections at 3 and 6 mm from the apex were obtained and the percentage and depth of penetration of sealers into dentinal tubules were measured using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Statistical analysis was performed utilizing Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests with a significance level of 5%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  G1 showed significantly (P < 0.001) high percentage and depth of sealer penetration than G2 and G3 while the difference was insignificant (P > 0.05) between G2 and G3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percentage and depth of sealer penetration are influenced by the type of sealer used sealer activation technique and by the root canal level. Ultrasonic method of sealer activation and MTA Fillapex showed the best results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Subharti Dental College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Vineeta
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nikhil
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Subharti Dental College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Parul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bansal
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Subharti Dental College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Shefali
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sawani
keywords: Confocal laser scanning microscopy; counter-clockwise motion; lentulospiral; percentage and depth of sealer penetration; ultlrasonics
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