title: Preparation and evaluation of luteolin-phospholipid complex as an effective drug delivery tool against GalN/LPS induced liver damage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The phyto-phospholipid complexation technique is a promising approach to improve the bioavailability and efficacy of flavonoids.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to improve the bioavailability and efficacy of luteolin by phospholipid complexation against inflammatory liver damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  The phospholipid complex of luteolin (LPC) was prepared by solvent evaporation accompanied by freeze drying. The physicochemical properties of LPC were investigated by means of spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Pharmacokinetic parameters in rats were determined and the hepatoprotective potential was assessed against D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide (GalN/LPS) induced hepatic damage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LPC showed drug loading of 74.14% and average particle size 147.4 nm. The results of FTIR, thermal and diffraction studies confirmed the formation of complex. The aqueous/n-octanol solubility showed improvements. LPC showed an increase in relative in vivo bioavailability to 535.31% of pure luteolin. The histological and biochemical changes induced by GalN/LPS were significantly ameliorated by LPC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hepatoprotective effect of LPC was more profound than luteolin with a particle size suitable for passive targeting of inflammatory sites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LPC was successfully formulated under optimized conditions and is an efficient drug delivery system for oral administration of luteolin with enhanced bioavailability and hepatoprotective potential.
authors.affiliation: a University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University , Raipur , Chhattisgarh , India.
authors.forename: Junaid
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: a University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University , Raipur , Chhattisgarh , India.
authors.forename: Swarnlata
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saraf
authors.affiliation: a University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University , Raipur , Chhattisgarh , India.
authors.forename: Shailendra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saraf
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005688:Galactosamine / Q000276:immunology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D047311:Luteolin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010743:Phospholipids; D020011:Protective Agents; D005688:Galactosamine; D047311:Luteolin
keywords: Bioavailability; hepatoprotective; luteolin; phospholipid complex