title: Quantitative X-ray phase contrast waveguide imaging of bacterial endospores.
abstract: Quantitative waveguide-based X-ray phase contrast imaging has been carried out on the level of single, unstained, unsliced and freeze-dried bacterial cells ofBacillus thuringiensisandBacillus subtilisusing hard X-rays of 7.9 keV photon energy. The cells have been prepared in the metabolically dormant state of an endospore. The quantitative phase maps obtained by iterative phase retrieval using a modified hybrid input-output algorithm allow for mass and mass density determinations on the level of single individual endospores but include also large field of view investigations. Additionally, a direct reconstruction based on the contrast transfer function is investigated, and the two approaches are compared. Depending on the field of view and method, a resolution down to 65 nm was achieved at a maximum applied dose of below 5 × 105Gy. Masses in the range of about ∼110-190 (20) fg for isolated endospores have been obtained.
authors.affiliation: University of Göttingen, Institute for X-ray Physics, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Wilke
authors.affiliation: University of Göttingen, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Grisebachstrasse 8, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoppert
authors.affiliation: University of Göttingen, Institute for X-ray Physics, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krenkel
authors.affiliation: University of Göttingen, Institute for X-ray Physics, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany ; Philips Research, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bartels
authors.affiliation: University of Göttingen, Institute for X-ray Physics, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Salditt
keywords: Bacillus subtilis; Bacillus thuringiensis; contrast transfer function; endospores; holotomography; phase retrieval; waveguide imaging
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