title: Determinants of societal costs in Alzheimer's disease: GERAS study baseline results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To identify the main factors associated with societal costs of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in community-dwelling patients across three European countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline cost data from a prospective, observational study were used. Assessments included patients' cognition, activities of daily living (ADLs) and behavioral symptoms, and caregiver burden. Cost calculations (2010) from the societal perspective were based on patient/caregiver resource use. Generalized linear models estimated factors associated with costs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean monthly costs per patient differed for France (€1881), Germany (€2349), and the UK (€2016), with informal care costs accounting for 50% to 61%. Independent factors associated with costs across all countries were ADL total score, patient living arrangements, caregiver working status, and caregiver burden (all P < .05). Additional factors were significant for the pooled cohort or individual countries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several patient and caregiver factors, including factors associated with informal care, should be included when evaluating care options for patients with AD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dodel
authors.affiliation: Eli Lilly and Company Limited, Lilly Research Centre, Windlesham, Surrey, UK.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Belger
authors.affiliation: Eli Lilly and Company Limited, Lilly Research Centre, Windlesham, Surrey, UK. Electronic address: reed_catherine@lilly.com.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wimo
authors.affiliation: RICE - The Research Institute for the Care of Older People, The RICE Centre, Royal United Hospital, Bath, UK.
authors.forename: Roy W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Eli Lilly and Company Limited, Lilly Research Centre, Windlesham, Surrey, UK.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Happich
authors.affiliation: Agencia Qualitat i Avaluació Sanitaries, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Josep M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Argimon
authors.affiliation: Clinica della Memoria, Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.affiliation: Gerontopole, Alzheimer's Disease Research and Clinical Center, INSERM 1027, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vellas
authors.affiliation: Parc Santari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Josep Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Haro
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006295:Health Resources / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D012111:Residence Characteristics
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Cost of illness; Dementia; Factors; Health care costs