title: Nitric Oxide-Enhanced Molecular Imaging of Atheroma using Vascular Cellular Adhesion Molecule 1-Targeted Echogenic Immunoliposomes.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether pre-treatment with nitric oxide-loaded echogenic liposomes (NO-ELIP) plus ultrasound can improve highlighting by molecularly targeted (anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 [VCAM-1]) ELIP of atheroma components. Atherosclerotic animals were treated with anti-VCAM-1-ELIP or immunoglobulin (IgG)-ELIP. Each group was selected at random to receive pre-treatment with standard ELIP plus ultrasound, NO-ELIP without ultrasound and NO-ELIP plus ultrasound. Intravascular ultrasound highlighting data for the same arterial segments were collected before and after treatment. Pre-treatment with NO-ELIP plus ultrasound resulted in a significant increase in acoustic enhancement by anti-VCAM-1-ELIP (21.3 ± 1.5% for gray-scale value, 53.9 ± 3.1% for radiofrequency data; p < 0.001 vs. IgG-ELIP, p < 0.05 vs. pre-treatment with standard ELIP plus ultrasound or NO-ELIP without ultrasound). NO-ELIP plus ultrasound can improve highlighting of atheroma by anti-VCAM-1 ELIP. This NO pre-treatment strategy may be useful in optimizing contrast agent delivery to the vascular wall for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Hyunggun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Kee
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Yonghoon
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rim
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Melanie R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Moody
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Melvin E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Klegerman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vela
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Shao-Ling
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: David D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: McPherson
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA. Electronic address: Susan.T.Laing@uth.tmc.edu.
authors.forename: Susan T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Laing
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008081:Liposomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D014463:Ultrasonography; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008081:Liposomes; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D009569:Nitric Oxide
keywords: Atheroma; Contrast agent; Contrast echocardiography; Early atherosclerosis; Molecular imaging; Nitric oxide; Ultrasound; Vascular cell adhesion molecule
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