title: Protective effect of simvastatin and rosuvastatin on trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Statins have anti-inflammatory effects that are not directly related to their cholesterol lowering activity. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of simvastatin or rosuvastatin on the extent of colonic mucosal damage and on the inflammatory response in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced ulcerative colitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ulcerative colitis was induced by single intrarectal injection of 120 mg/kg TNBS. Test groups were treated with simvastatin (10 mg/kg, p.o.) or rosuvastatin (10 mg/kg, p.o.). Colonic mucosal inflammation was evaluated clinically, biochemically, and histologically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Disease activity index score in TNBS-treated rats, as determined by weight loss, stool consistency, fecal occult blood, were significantly lowers in simvastatin or rosuvastatin-treated rats than TNBS-treated animals. Simvastatin or rosuvastatin counteracted the reduction in colon length, decreased colon weight, neutrophil accumulation, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha level in TNBS-induced colitis. Simvastatin and rosuvastatin also inhibited the increase in oxidative stress levels after TNBS administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that simvastatin and rosuvastatin significantly ameliorate experimental colitis in rats, and these effects could be explained by their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth University, Piparia, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Rajesh A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Maheshwari
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth University, Piparia, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Balaraman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth University, Piparia, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Girish U
authors.initials: GU
authors.lastname: Sailor
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth University, Piparia, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Dhanya B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Sen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000068718:Rosuvastatin Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D000068718:Rosuvastatin Calcium; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid; D019821:Simvastatin; D009195:Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Rosuvastatin; simvastatin; trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; tumor necrosis factor-α; ulcerative colitis
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