title: Treadmill exercise improves short-term memory by enhancing hippocampal cell proliferation in quinolinic acid-induced Huntington's disease rats.
abstract: Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited genetic disorder, characterized by cognitive dysfunction and abnormal body movements called chorea. Quinolinic acid (QA) is an endogenous metabolite of tryptophan in the kynurenine pathway. QA-induced alterations are similar to the symptoms of HD patients. Physical exercise has beneficial effects on the brain functions. Exercise increases production of neurotrophic factors in the brain and improves learning ability and memory function. In the present study, we investigated the effects of treadmill exercise short-term memory on QA-induced HD rats in relation with cell proliferation. For the induction of Huntington's animal model, 2 μL of 100 nmol QA was intrastriatal injected into the rats. The rats in the treadmill exercise groups were forced to run on a treadmill for 30 min once a day, five times a week for 2 weeks. Step-down avoidance test was conducted for the determination of short-term memory. Cell proliferation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus was determined by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and doublecortin (DCX) immunohistochemistry. Western blot for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) were performed. In the present results, treadmill exercise alleviated QA-induced short-term memory impairment in HD rats. Treadmill exercise increased cell proliferation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus through enhancing BDNF expression in the HD rats. These results revealed that treadmill exercise is effective for the symptom improvement in the HD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: You-Mi
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea ; Department of Sport & Health Science, College of Natural Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Sang
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea ; Department of Sport & Health Science, College of Natural Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Woon
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Il-Gyu
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jun-Jang
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Ju
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Sport and Recreation, College of Health Science, Jangan University, Hwasung, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Wook
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Chungju Hospital, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Hee
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Hippocampus; Huntington’s disease; Quinolinic acid; Treadmill exercise
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