title: Potential drug interactions associated with glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid.
abstract: Glycyrrhizin (GZ), the main active component of licorice, is a widely used therapeutic in the clinic. Depending on the disease, the treatment may involve a long course of high dose GZ. Another component of licorice, glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), is the main active metabolite of GZ and is thought to be responsible for the majority of the pharmacological properties of GZ. Therefore, GZ and GA are both used for therapeutic purposes. In addition, GZ and GA are also widely used to sweeten and flavor foods. Due to this widespread, multifaceted use of these substances, potential drug interactions with GZ and GA have recently gained attention. Along these lines, this review covers the known effects of GZ and GA on drug-metabolizing enzymes and efflux transporters. We conclude that both GZ and GA may have an effect on the activity of CYPs. For example, GZ may induce CYP3A activity through activation of PXR. Also, GZ and GA may affect glucuronidation in rats and humans. Furthermore, 18β-GA is a potent inhibitor of P-gp, while GZ and GA are inhibitors of MRP1, MRP2 and BCRP. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of many medications may be altered when used concurrently with GZ or GA, which is also covered in this review. Overall, GZ, GA or related products should be taken with caution when taken with additional medications due to the possible drug interactions.
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin , China and.
authors.forename: Xinchi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Liqin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Qiu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004347:Drug Interactions; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006034:Glycyrrhetinic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019695:Glycyrrhizic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D015394:Molecular Structure; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D019695:Glycyrrhizic Acid; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase; D006034:Glycyrrhetinic Acid
keywords: CYPs; MRP; P-gp; UGTs; drug interactions; glycyrrhetic acid; glycyrrhizin