title: Sequential healing events of osseointegration at UnicCa(®) and SLActive(®) implant surfaces: an experimental study in the dog.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the sequential events in osseointegration at implants with highly hydrophilic surfaces.
  
  
  METHODS
  All premolars and the first molars were bilaterally extracted in 12 Beagle dogs. After 3 months, full-thickness flaps were elevated and two different implants systems with various surfaces were randomly installed in the edentulous premolar region in one side of the mandible. One surface was acid etched and further modified with calcium ions (UnicCa(®)), while the other was sandblasted with large grits and acid etched (SLActive(®)). The flaps were sutured to allow a fully submerged healing. The surgery on the other side of the mandible and the sacrifices were planned in such a way to obtain biopsies representing the healing after 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks (n = 6 per period).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After one week of healing, new bone apposition was found at both surfaces with percentages of 6.9 ± 3.3% and 6.1 ± 4.6% at UnicCa(®) and SLActive(®), respectively. After 2 weeks, the percentages had increased to 29.1 ± 11.9% and 21.6 ± 14.3%, respectively. After 4 and 8 weeks of healing, mean values of 46.3 ± 7.3% and 58.7 ± 15.1% at UnicCa(®) and 51.2 ± 16.1% and 68.9 ± 15.4% at SLActive(®) surfaces were found, respectively. None of the differences in percentages were statistically significant. Concomitantly, the old bone was resorbed at both surfaces from about 21-22% after 1 week to about 4-6% after 8 weeks of healing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The osseointegration process onto moderately rough titanium implant surfaces of high hydrophilicity was very similar for two implant systems that were both nanotechnologically modified.
authors.affiliation: University of Medicine, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Favero
authors.affiliation: Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.|University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Niklaus P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto (SP), São Paulo University USP, Ribeirão (SP), Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Salata
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto (SP), São Paulo University USP, Ribeirão (SP), Brazil.
authors.forename: Evandro Carneiro
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Martins Neto
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medical Science, La Habana, Cuba.
authors.forename: Marino
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caroprese
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medical Science, La Habana, Cuba.|ARDEC, Ariminum Odontologica, Rimini, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Botticelli
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000818:Animals; D001641:Bicuspid; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D004285:Dogs; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery; D008422:Materials Testing; D008963:Molar; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014025:Titanium; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D014025:Titanium
keywords: animal study; bone; bone healing; early healing; histology; implant dentistry; implant surface; osseointegration