title: Co-infections with respiratory viruses in dogs with bacterial pneumonia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bacterial pneumonia (BP) is an inflammation of the lower airways and lung parenchyma secondary to bacterial infection. The pathogenesis of BP in dogs is complex and the role of canine respiratory viruses has not been fully evaluated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of viral co-infections in dogs with BP and to assess demographic or clinical variables as well as disease severity associated with viral co-infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty household dogs with BP caused by opportunistic bacteria and 13 dogs with chronic (>30 days) tracheobronchitis caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica (BBTB).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cross-sectional observational study. Diagnosis was confirmed by clinical and laboratory findings, diagnostic imaging, and cytologic and microbiologic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage or transtracheal wash fluid. Canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV), canine adenovirus, canine herpes virus, canine influenzavirus, canine distemper virus, canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) and canine pneumovirus, as well as B. bronchiseptica and Mycoplasma spp. were analyzed in respiratory samples using PCR assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CPIV was detected in 7/20 and CRCoV in 1/20 dogs with BP. Respiratory viruses were not detected in dogs with BBTB. There were no significant differences in clinical variables between BP dogs with and without a viral co-infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Respiratory viruses were found frequently in dogs with BP and may therefore play an important role in the etiology and pathogenesis of BP. Clinical variables and disease severity did not differ between BP dogs with and without viral co-infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Viitanen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lappalainen
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rajamäki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D017939:Coronavirus, Canine / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019213:Rubulavirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019351:Rubulavirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology
keywords: CIRD; Canine; Canine infectious respiratory disease
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