title: Physical and chemical characteristics of goldenberry fruit (Physalis peruviana L.).
abstract: Some physical and chemical characteristics of goldenberry fruit (Physalis peruviana L.) were investigated. These characteristics are necessary for the design of equipments for harvesting, processing, transportation, sorting, separating and packing. The fruit length, diameter, geometric and arithmetic mean diameters, sphericity, surface area, projected areas (vertical-horizontal) and aspect ratio of goldenberries were determined as 17.52 mm, 17.31 mm, 17.33 mm, 17.38 mm, 98.9 %, 0.949 cm(2), 388.67-387.85 mm(2) and 0.988, respectively. The mass of fruit, bulk density, fruit density, porosity and fruit hardness were 3.091 g, 997.3 kg/m(3), 462.3 kg/m(3), 53.61 % and 8.01 N, respectively. The highest static coefficient of friction was observed on rubber surface, followed by stainless steel sheet, aluminum sheet, and plywood materials. The dry matter, water soluble dry matter, ash, protein, oil, carbohydrate, titratable acidity, pH, total sugar, reducing sugar, antioxidant capacity were 18.67 %, 14.17 %, 2.98 %, 1.66 %, 0.18 %, 13.86 %, 1.26 %, 6.07, 63.90 g/kg, 31.99 g/kg and 57.67 %, respectively. The fresh fruits have 145.22 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g total phenol content and skin colour data represented as L*, a*, b*, Chroma (C) and Hue angle (α) were 49.92, 25.11, 50.23, 56.12 and 63.48, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Uludag, 16059 Bursa, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gökçen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yıldız
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Uludag, 16059 Bursa, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nazmi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: İzli
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Uludag, 16059 Bursa, Turkey.
authors.forename: Halil
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ünal
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Uludag, 16059 Bursa, Turkey.
authors.forename: Vildan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Uylaşer
keywords: Colour; Fruit hardness; Goldenberry; Physical and chemical characteristics; Total phenol content
references.citation: J Agric Food Chem. 1999 Jun;47(6):2274-9
references.pmid: 10794622
references.citation: Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2007 Sep;58(6):411-8
references.pmid: 17710584