title: Factors Affecting Surgical Site Infection Rates in Hepatobiliary Surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are several studies regarding risk factors affecting surgical site infections (SSIs); nevertheless, there are an insufficient number of studies focusing on risk factors for SSI in hepatobiliary (HPB) surgery. In this study, we aimed to determine risk factors related to HPB surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1,418 patients were included in this study, all of whom underwent hepatobiliary system surgery in a five-year period between January 2005 and December 2009. Demographic data, patient- and surgery-related risk factors, and laboratory parameters were analyzed retrospectively from a database maintained prospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall incidence of SSI was 3.94% for HPB surgery. In multivariable analysis, blood transfusion (OR: 20.9), the presence of surgical drains (OR: 10.7), a pre-operative hospital stay of more than eight days (OR: 8.1), diabetes mellitus (OR: 6.2), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR: 6.127), inappropriate antimicrobial prophylaxis (OR: 6), obesity (OR: 3.2), the presence of an external-internal biliary drainage catheter (OR: 2), and a direct bilirubin concentrations more than 15 mg/dL (OR: 1.4) were determined as independent risk factors related to SSI. E.coli and Enterococcus spp. were the pathogens isolated most commonly in SSIs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of the independent risk factors for hepatobiliary system surgery are similar to those for other general abdominal surgical procedures. The presence of an external-internal biliary drainage catheter and direct bilirubin concentrations higher than 15 mg/dL were found to be specific risk factors for HPB surgery.
authors.affiliation: Uludag University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozgen
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Isik
authors.affiliation: Uludag University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ekrem
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.affiliation: Uludag University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey.
authors.forename: Pinar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sarkut
authors.affiliation: Uludag University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey.
authors.forename: Halit Ziya
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Dundar
mesh_terms: D001662:Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D004322:Drainage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D001663:Bilirubin