title: Beyond Columnar Organization: Cell Type- and Target Layer-Specific Principles of Horizontal Axon Projection Patterns in Rat Vibrissal Cortex.
abstract: Vertical thalamocortical afferents give rise to the elementary functional units of sensory cortex, cortical columns. Principles that underlie communication between columns remain however unknown. Here we unravel these by reconstructing in vivo-labeled neurons from all excitatory cell types in the vibrissal part of rat primary somatosensory cortex (vS1). Integrating the morphologies into an exact 3D model of vS1 revealed that the majority of intracortical (IC) axons project far beyond the borders of the principal column. We defined the corresponding innervation volume as the IC-unit. Deconstructing this structural cortical unit into its cell type-specific components, we found asymmetric projections that innervate columns of either the same whisker row or arc, and which subdivide vS1 into 2 orthogonal [supra-]granular and infragranular strata. We show that such organization could be most effective for encoding multi whisker inputs. Communication between columns is thus organized by multiple highly specific horizontal projection patterns, rendering IC-units as the primary structural entities for processing complex sensory stimuli.
authors.affiliation: Computational Neuroanatomy Group, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Rajeevan T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Narayanan
authors.affiliation: Computational Neuroanatomy Group, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany Graduate School of Neural Information Processing, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Egger
authors.affiliation: Digital Neuroanatomy, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter , FL 33458, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Huibert D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Mansvelder
authors.affiliation: Digital Neuroanatomy, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter , FL 33458, USA.
authors.forename: Bert
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sakmann
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Christiaan P J
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: de Kock
authors.affiliation: Computational Neuroanatomy Group, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany Digital Neuroanatomy, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter , FL 33458, USA Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oberlaender
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001369:Axons / Q000502:physiology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003712:Dendrites / Q000502:physiology; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology*; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000145:classification* / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000166:cytology*; D014738:Vibrissae / Q000294:innervation*
chemical_list: C013411:biocytin; D008239:Lysine
keywords: barrel cortex; excitatory; intracortical unit; multiwhisker; transcolumnar
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