title: The role of Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms in vaccine immune response.
abstract: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of pattern recognition receptors that are deputed to recognise a range of molecular structures in pathogens. One of the most studied members of this family is the TLR4, which is essential for the signalling of lipopolysaccharide. The gene encoding for TLR4 is highly polymorphic and this genetic variability may explain in part the interindividual variability observed in several clinical setting, including the response to vaccination. Herein, we review and systematise the available scientific evidence about the effect of TLR4 polymorphisms on vaccine response, including approved prophylactic, new therapeutic cancer vaccines and recently approved vaccine adjuvants. Data reviewed in this analysis indicate that TLR4 polymorphisms significantly affect vaccine response. If these results are confirmed by further analyses, the use of these genetic biomarkers may become a useful tool to tailor vaccination in specific subsets of patients.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University Hospital "Luigi Sacco", Università di Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pellegrino
authors.affiliation: Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University Hospital "Luigi Sacco", Università di Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Falvella
authors.affiliation: Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University Hospital "Luigi Sacco", Università di Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheli
authors.affiliation: Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University Hospital "Luigi Sacco", Università di Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Perrotta
authors.affiliation: Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Lecco, Italy.|Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience, University Hospital "Luigi Sacco", Università di Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Clementi
authors.affiliation: Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University Hospital "Luigi Sacco", Università di Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Radice
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008458:Measles Vaccine / Q000276:immunology; D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D010567:Pertussis Vaccine / Q000276:immunology; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D008458:Measles Vaccine; D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines; D010567:Pertussis Vaccine; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014612:Vaccines
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