title: Prevalence and correlates of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in Korean college students.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) persists into adulthood in a high proportion of cases, causing social difficulties and affective problems. We evaluated the prevalence of symptoms of ADHD and the correlates thereof in Korean college students.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 2,172 college students, stratified to reflect geographical differences, were asked to complete self-report questionnaires on ADHD symptoms, depression, and related factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ADHD symptoms were found in 7.6% of college students. Univariate analysis revealed that younger students had higher rates of ADHD symptoms than did older students. We found significant associations between ADHD symptoms and problematic alcohol use, depression, and lifetime suicidal behavior. Multivariate analysis revealed that ADHD symptoms in adults were significantly associated with depression (odds ratio [OR] =4.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.23-6.80; P<0.001) and overweight or obesity (OR =1.50; 95% CI 1.02-2.22; P=0.040), after controlling for sex and age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results have implications in terms of the mental health interventions required to assess problems such as depression, alcohol use, obesity, and suicidality in young adults with ADHD symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Sook
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Eun
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Moon-Doo
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: adult ADHD; alcohol problem; depression; obesity
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 1998 Aug 15;44(4):269-73
references.pmid: 9715358
references.citation: Psychol Med. 2005 Jun;35(6):817-27
references.pmid: 15997602
references.citation: J Abnorm Psychol. 2002 May;111(2):279-89
references.pmid: 12003449
references.citation: Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2007;16(2):52-65
references.pmid: 17623385
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 2009 Mar;194(3):204-11
references.pmid: 19252145
references.citation: J Learn Disabil. 2001 Jul-Aug;34(4):370-9
references.pmid: 15503581
references.citation: J Youth Adolesc. 1991 Apr;20(2):149-66
references.pmid: 24265004
references.citation: J Nerv Ment Dis. 1997 Sep;185(9):533-41
references.pmid: 9307614
references.citation: J Atten Disord. 2005 Nov;9(2):384-91
references.pmid: 16371661
references.citation: J Nerv Ment Dis. 1997 Aug;185(8):475-82
references.pmid: 9284860
references.citation: Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2004 Dec;110(6):408-15
references.pmid: 15521824
references.citation: Psychiatry Res. 2011 Apr 30;186(2-3):378-83
references.pmid: 20724004
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1996 Apr;53(4):339-48
references.pmid: 8634012
references.citation: J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2007 Apr;35(2):265-74
references.pmid: 17211727
references.citation: World Rev Nutr Diet. 2005;94:1-12
references.pmid: 16145245
references.citation: J Occup Environ Med. 2005 Jun;47(6):565-72
references.pmid: 15951716
references.citation: Addiction. 1993 Jun;88(6):791-804
references.pmid: 8329970
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2006 Apr;163(4):716-23
references.pmid: 16585449
references.citation: J Atten Disord. 2008 Sep;12(2):149-55
references.pmid: 18319376
references.citation: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009 Mar;17(3):539-44
references.pmid: 19131944
references.citation: JAMA. 2004 Aug 4;292(5):619-23
references.pmid: 15292088
references.citation: Occup Environ Med. 2008 Dec;65(12):835-42
references.pmid: 18505771
references.citation: J Nerv Ment Dis. 1998 May;186(5):304-10
references.pmid: 9612448
references.citation: J Clin Psychiatry. 2006 Apr;67(4):524-40
references.pmid: 16669717
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 1995 Nov;152(11):1652-8
references.pmid: 7485630
references.citation: J Am Coll Health. 1998 Jan;46(4):185-8
references.pmid: 9519582
references.citation: J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2006 Dec;34(6):773-87
references.pmid: 17066222
references.citation: Psychol Med. 2005 Feb;35(2):245-56
references.pmid: 15841682
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 2007 May;190:402-9
references.pmid: 17470954
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 2013 Jul;203(1):24-34
references.pmid: 23661765
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1996 May;53(5):437-46
references.pmid: 8624187