title: Long term functional outcomes after early childhood pollicization.
abstract: METHODS
  Retrospective Cohort
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Important outcomes of polliciation to treat thumb hypoplasia/aplasia include strength, function, dexterity, and quality of life.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate outcomes and examine predictors of outcome after early childhood pollicization.
  
  
  METHODS
  8 children (10 hands) were evaluated 3-15 years after surgery. Physical examination, questionnaires, grip and pinch strength, Box and Blocks, 9-hole pegboard, and strength-dexterity (S-D) tests were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pollicized hands had poor strength and performance on functional tests. Six of 10 pollicized hands had normal dexterity scores but less stability in maintaining a steady-state force. Predictors of poorer outcomes included older age at surgery, reduced metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal range of motion, and radial absence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pollicization resulted in poor strength and overall function, but normal dexterity was often achieved using altered control strategies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most children should obtain adequate dexterity despite weakness after pollicization except older or severely involved children.
  
  
  METHODS
  IV.
authors.affiliation: Children's Orthopaedic Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lightdale-Miric
authors.affiliation: Children's Orthopaedic Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Nicole M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Mueske
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Emily L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.affiliation: Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Loiselle
authors.affiliation: Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berggren
authors.affiliation: Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Sudarshan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dayanidhi
authors.affiliation: Children's Orthopaedic Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stevanovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Valero-Cuevas
authors.affiliation: Children's Orthopaedic Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address: twren@chla.usc.edu.
authors.forename: Tishya A L
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Wren
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000637:transplantation*; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006226:Hand Deformities / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011788:Quality of Life; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013933:Thumb / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Dexterity; Functional outcome; Pollicization; Surgical outcome; Thumb
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