title: Refugia persistence of Qinghai-Tibetan plateau by the cold-tolerant bird Tetraogallus tibetanus (Galliformes: Phasianidae).
abstract: Most of the temperate species are expected to have moved to lower altitudes during the glacial periods of the Quaternary. Here we tested this hypothesis in a cold-tolerant avian species Tibetan snowcock (Tetraogallus tibetanus) using two segments of mitochondrial gene (a 705bp Cytochrome-b; abbrev. Cyt-b and an 854 bp Control Region; abbrev. CR) and eight microsatellite loci by characterizing population differentiation and gene flow across its range. Combined (Cyt-b + CR) datasets detected several partially lineages with poor support. Microsatellite data, however, identified two distinct lineages congruent with the geographically separated western and central regions of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). The phylogeographic patterns that we observed might be explained by a combination of vicariance events that led to local isolation of T. tibetanus during warm periods and range expansions and population intermixing during cold periods. The results of this study add to our knowledge of population differentiation and connectivity in high altitude mountain ecosystems.
authors.affiliation: School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
authors.forename: Bei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou, China.
authors.forename: Lixun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
authors.forename: Naifa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000220:Adaptation, Biological / Q000502:physiology*; D000531:Altitude; D063147:Animal Distribution / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002681:China; D003080:Cold Temperature; D045303:Cytochromes b / Q000235:genetics; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D017753:Ecosystem; D046094:Galliformes / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051456:Gene Flow / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population; D005843:Geography; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D019901:Locus Control Region / Q000235:genetics; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D045303:Cytochromes b
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