title: Down-Regulation of Renal Gluconeogenesis in Type II Diabetic Rats Following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery: A Potential Mechanism in Hypoglycemic Effect.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was initiated to evaluate the effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery on renal gluconeogenesis in type 2 diabetic rats and its relationship with hormonal parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diabetic rats were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 35 mg/kg) combined with a high-fat diet. They were then randomly divided into three groups: diabetes model group (DM group, n = 8), sham Roux-en-Y gastric bypass group (SRYGB group, n = 8), and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass group (RYGB group, n = 14). Another 8 normal rats comprised the normal control group (NC group, n = 8). Body weight, glucose, serum lipid, insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), leptin, and adiponectin were measured pre- and postoperatively. Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), insulin receptor-α (IR-α), insulin receptor-β (IR-β), and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (Gsk3b) were measured in renal cortex by using RT-PCR and Western immune-blot analyses on the 4th week after operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following RYGB surgery, surgery-treated rats showed significantly improved oral glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance as well as increased post-gavage insulin levels and serum circulating levels of GLP-1 and adiponectin. RT-PCR and Western immune-blot analyses showed PEPCK and G6Pase protein and mRNA to be significantly decreased in the renal cortex in the RYGB group (p < 0.05 vs. DM or SRYGB group); in addition, IR-α and Gsk3b phosphorylation levels increased in the RYGB group (p < 0.05 vs. DM or SRYGB group).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Down-regulation of renal gluconeogenic enzymes might be a potential mechanism in hypoglycemia. An improved insulin signal pathway in the renal cortex and increased circulating adiponectin concentrations may contribute to the decline of renal gluconeogenesis following RYGB surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Hong-Tao
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Guang-Yu
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jian-Feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Li-Jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001835:Body Weight; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D015536:Down-Regulation; D015390:Gastric Bypass; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D005943:Gluconeogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007668:Kidney / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; C499920:Adipoq protein, rat; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D011972:Receptor, Insulin
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