title: Genomic signatures of human and animal disease in the zoonotic pathogen Streptococcus suis.
abstract: Streptococcus suis causes disease in pigs worldwide and is increasingly implicated in zoonotic disease in East and South-East Asia. To understand the genetic basis of disease in S. suis, we study the genomes of 375 isolates with detailed clinical phenotypes from pigs and humans from the United Kingdom and Vietnam. Here, we show that isolates associated with disease contain substantially fewer genes than non-clinical isolates, but are more likely to encode virulence factors. Human disease isolates are limited to a single-virulent population, originating in the 1920, s when pig production was intensified, but no consistent genomic differences between pig and human isolates are observed. There is little geographical clustering of different S. suis subpopulations, and the bacterium undergoes high rates of recombination, implying that an increase in virulence anywhere in the world could have a global impact over a short timescale.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
authors.forename: Lucy A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Weinert
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
authors.forename: Roy R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Chaudhuri
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
authors.forename: Jinhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00100, Finland.
authors.forename: Jukka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Corander
authors.affiliation: MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, London W2 1PG, UK.
authors.forename: Thibaut
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jombart
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
authors.forename: Abiyad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baig
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
authors.forename: Kate J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Howell
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00100, Finland.
authors.forename: Minna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vehkala
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00100, Finland.
authors.forename: Niko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Välimäki
authors.affiliation: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Quan 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Tran Thi Bich
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Chieu
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Quan 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Nguyen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Van Vinh Chau
authors.affiliation: 1] Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Quan 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam [2] Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: Department of Global Health-Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1100 DE, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Constance
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schultsz
authors.affiliation: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
authors.forename: Julian
authors.identifier: 0000000270695958
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parkhill
authors.affiliation: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Bentley
authors.affiliation: Section of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK.
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Langford
authors.affiliation: The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Campus, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Rycroft
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Infectious &Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene &Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
authors.forename: Brendan W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Wren
authors.affiliation: 1] Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Quan 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam [2] Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK.
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Farrar
authors.affiliation: 1] Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Quan 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam [2] Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK [3] Faculty of Infectious &Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene &Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.affiliation: 1] Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Quan 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam [2] Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK.
authors.forename: Ngo Thi
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Hoa
authors.affiliation: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
authors.forename: Matthew T G
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Holden
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
authors.forename: Alexander W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
authors.forename: Duncan J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Maskell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014644:Genetic Variation; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D017011:Streptococcus suis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013552:Swine / Q000382:microbiology; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D006113:United Kingdom; D014744:Vietnam; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D037521:Virulence Factors
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