title: New challenges in the epidemiology and treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in periurban areas.
abstract: Visceral leishmaniasis [VL] represents a major public health problem in many areas of the world. This review focuses on the impact of periurbanization on the epidemiology and treatment of VL, using Brazil as an example. VL continues to be mostly a disease of poverty with impact on families. However, the disease has expanded in Latin America, with foci reported as far south as Argentina. There is an increasing overlap ofLeishmania infantum chagasiand HIV infections and other immunosuppressive conditions, resulting in VL emerging as an opportunistic infection. This new setting poses new challenges for VL disease control and patient management.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA ; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais, INCT-DT, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kathryn M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Dupnik
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais, INCT-DT, Brazil ; Department of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eliana L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Joao F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Rodrigues-Neto
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Keesen
authors.affiliation: Health Post-Graduate Program, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil ; Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Zélia
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Fundação Nacional de Saúde, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Iraci
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais, INCT-DT, Brazil ; Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil ; Health Post-Graduate Program, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Selma M B
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jeronimo
keywords: Cancer; HIV; Visceral leishmaniasis; urbanization
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