title: Dietary Njavara rice bran oil reduces experimentally induced hypercholesterolaemia by regulating genes involved in lipid metabolism.
abstract: The present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-atherogenic effect of Njavara rice bran oil (NjRBO) on atherosclerosis by modulating enzymes and genes involved in lipid metabolism in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet (HCD). Adult male rats (Sprague-Dawley strain, weighing 100-120 g) were divided into three groups of nine animals each. Group I served as the control, group II were fed a HCD and group III were fed a HCD and NjRBO (100 mg/kg body weight). The study duration was 60 d. Serum and tissue lipid profile, atherogenic index, enzymes of lipid metabolism, plasma C-reactive protein levels, serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, gene and protein expression of paraoxonase 1 (PON1), PPARα, ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), apoB and apoA1 in the liver were quantified. Total cholesterol, TAG, phospholipid, NEFA, LDL-cholesterol concentrations in the serum and liver, lipogenic enzyme activities, hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity and atherogenic index were significantly increased in HCD-fed rats, but they decreased after treatment with NjRBO. HDL-cholesterol level and lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase activity were increased in the NjRBO-treated group, but decreased in the HCD-fed group. The expression levels of ABCA1, apoA1, PON1 and PPARα were found to be significantly increased in NjRBO-treated group compared with the HCD-fed group; however, the expression level of apoB was found to be higher in HCD-fed group and lower in the NjRBO-treated group. These data suggest that NjRBO possesses an anti-atherogenic property by modulating lipid metabolism and up-regulating genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport and antioxidative defence mechanism through the induction of the gene expression PON1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry,University of Kerala,Kariavattom,Thiruvananthapuram,Kerala695581,India.
authors.forename: Pushpan K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Chithra
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry,University of Kerala,Kariavattom,Thiruvananthapuram,Kerala695581,India.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sindhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry,University of Kerala,Kariavattom,Thiruvananthapuram,Kerala695581,India.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Shalini
authors.affiliation: Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR), Industrial Estate PO, Papanamcode,Thiruvananthapuram,Kerala695019,India.
authors.forename: Rathnam
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Parvathy
authors.affiliation: Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR), Industrial Estate PO, Papanamcode,Thiruvananthapuram,Kerala695019,India.
authors.forename: Ananthasankaran
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jayalekshmy
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry,University of Kerala,Kariavattom,Thiruvananthapuram,Kerala695581,India.
authors.forename: Antony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Helen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000139:chemically induced; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000097:blood; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000009:adverse effects; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007249:Inflammation; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000235:genetics*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D000073879:Rice Bran Oil
chemical_list: D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D016207:Cytokines; D008055:Lipids; D010938:Plant Oils; D002351:Carrageenan; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; C019734:arylesterase; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; D000073879:Rice Bran Oil
keywords: Paraoxonase 1