title: Effect of a sleep aid in analgesia after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects and safety of a sleep aid for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-eight patients were prospectively assigned to either the zolpidem group (multimodal analgesia+zolpidem; 39 patients) or the control group (multimodal analgesia; 39 patients). Self-rated pain levels were assessed twice a day using a visual analog scale (VAS). The need for additional rescue analgesic, duration of functional recovery, and adverse effects were assessed for the first 5 days after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean number of times that additional rescue analgesic was required during 5 days after surgery was 2.1±2.0 in the zolpidem group and 3.3±2.8 in the control group, a significant difference. There were no significant differences between the two groups in mean VAS pain scores during the first 5 days after surgery, although the zolpidem group had lower VAS pain scores than the control group. Additionally, there were no significant differences in duration of functional recovery and adverse effects between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of zolpidem for analgesia after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair provided a significant reduction in the need for rescue analgesic without increasing adverse effects. Nevertheless, mean VAS pain scores during the first 5 days after surgery did not differ between the zolpidem group and the control group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dongsan Medical Center, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Chul-Hyun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dongsan Medical Center, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea. shuk@dsmc.or.kr.
authors.forename: Si-Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hanmi Hospital, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Kuk
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hanmi Hospital, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Hong-Kwan
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Dongsan Medical Center, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Ilseon
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods*; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059408:Pain Management; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011725:Pyridines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017006:Rotator Cuff / Q000601:surgery*; D000070636:Rotator Cuff Injuries; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D064232:Visual Analog Scale; D000077334:Zolpidem
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D011725:Pyridines; D000077334:Zolpidem
keywords: Rotator cuff; arthroscopic repair; postoperative analgesia; sleep aid; zolpidem
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