title: An effective approach to reduce inflammation and stenosis in carotid artery: polypyrrole nanoparticle-based photothermal therapy.
abstract: Photothermal therapy (PTT), as a promising treatment for tumours, has rarely been reported for application in artery restenosis, which is a common complication of endovascular management due to enduring chronic inflammation and abnormal cell proliferation. In our study, biodegradable polypyrrole nanoparticles (PPy-NPs) were synthesized and characterized, including their size distribution, UV-vis-NIR absorbance, molar extinction coefficients, and photothermal properties. We then verified that PPy-NP incubation followed by 915 nm near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation could effectively ablate inflammatory macrophages in vitro, leading to significant cell apoptosis and cell death. Further, it was found that a combination of local PPy-NP injection with 915 nm NIR laser irradiation could significantly alleviate arterial inflammation by eliminating infiltrating macrophages and further ameliorating artery stenosis in an ApoE(-/-) mouse model, without showing any obvious toxic side effects. Thus, we propose that PTT based on PPy-NPs as photothermal agents and a 915 nm NIR laser as a power source can serve as a new effective treatment for reducing inflammation and stenosis formation in inflamed arteries after endovascular management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China. luxinwu@shsmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhiyou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Jinbao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Kaichuang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Yuxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xinrui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Fukang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Lijia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Junqing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Xinwu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000473:pathology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology*; D008264:Macrophages; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D010789:Phototherapy / Q000379:methods*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011108:Polymers; D011758:Pyrroles; C067635:polypyrrole