title: Synthetic promoters consisting of defined cis-acting elements link multiple signaling pathways to probenazole-inducible system.
abstract: Probenazole (3-allyloxy-1,2-benzisothiazole-1,1-dioxide, PBZ), the active component of Oryzemate, could induce systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in plants through the induction of salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis. As a widely used chemical inducer, PBZ is a good prospect for establishing a new chemical-inducible system. We first designed artificially synthetic promoters with tandem copies of a single type of cis-element (SARE, JERE, GCC, GST1, HSRE, and W-box) that could mediate the expression of the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene in plants upon PBZ treatment. Then we combined different types of elements in order to improve inducibility in the PBZ-inducible system. On the other hand, we were surprised to find that the cis-elements, which are responsive to jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene, also responded to PBZ, implying that SA, JA, and ethylene pathways also would play important roles in PBZ's action. Further analysis demonstrated that PBZ also induced early events of innate immunity via a signaling pathway in which Ca(2+) influx and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity were involved. We constructed synthesized artificial promoters to establish a PBZ chemical-inducible system, and preliminarily explored SA, JA, ethylene, calcium, and MAPK signaling pathways via PBZ-inducible system, which could provide an insight for in-depth study.
authors.affiliation: The Southern Modern Forestry Collaborative Innovation Center, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jiong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Jin-xiao
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xiao-yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guo-dong
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Yu-long
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Ben-ke
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Kuai
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D005813:Genes, Synthetic; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D050436:Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D013844:Thiazoles; C099063:oryzemate
keywords: Chemical-inducible system; Cis-acting element; Probenazole; Synthetic promoter; Systemic acquired resistance (SAR)
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