title: Nutritional effects of egg shell membrane supplements on chicken performance and immunity.
abstract: Eggshell membranes (ESM) contain a variety of proteins and peptides which help in the development of embryo and provide protection to it. Many of the peptides and proteins associated with ESM have antimicrobial, immune-modulatory, and adjuvant properties. We hypothesized that the membrane byproducts from egg, provided as posthatch nutritional supplements to chickens, may improve their performance and immunity. To explore its effect, we fed 3 groups of broiler chicks with feed containing 0, 0.2, and 0.4% ESM from d 1 posthatch through 14 d and regular feed thereafter. The birds were individually weighed at the onset of the study and at weekly intervals until the termination at third wk when they were bled and euthanized. The relative weights of liver, spleen, bursa, and heart, hematology profiles, and clinical chemistry variables including serum IgM, IgG, and corticosterone concentrations were measured. The chickens in the ESM treated groups showed a statistically significant increase in BW with no impact on relative organ weights. Compared with controls, the WBC and lymphocyte percentage increased in chickens fed 0.4% ESM whereas the monocyte percentage decreased at both levels of ESM. Except for the serum protein which increased in ESM fed birds no other metabolic clinical chemistry variables showed any significant change. Both IgM and IgG(Y) levels were elevated and corticosterone levels reduced in chickens fed ESM supplemented diets. Our results suggest that ESM supplements during the early phases of growth may improve immunity and stress variables, and enhance their growth performance without any detrimental effect on other physiological parameters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Makkar
authors.affiliation: USDA/Agricultural Research Service, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 narayan.rath@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Rath
authors.affiliation: Poultry Science Center, Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Packialakshmi
authors.affiliation: USDA/Agricultural Research Service, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701.
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Huff
authors.affiliation: USDA/Agricultural Research Service, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701.
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Huff
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis; D004528:Egg Shell / Q000737:chemistry*; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008297:Male
keywords: chicken; egg shell membrane; growth; immunity; stress