title: Is local alcohol outlet density related to alcohol-related morbidity and mortality in Scottish cities?
abstract: Alcohol consumption may be influenced by the local alcohol retailing environment. This study is the first to examine neighbourhood alcohol outlet availability (on- and off-sales outlets) and alcohol-related health outcomes in Scotland. Alcohol-related hospitalisations and deaths were significantly higher in neighbourhoods with higher outlet densities, and off-sales outlets were more important than on-sales outlets. The relationships held for most age groups, including those under the legal minimum drinking age, although were not significant for the youngest legal drinkers (18-25 years). Alcohol-related deaths and hospitalisations were higher in more income-deprived neighbourhoods, and the gradient in deaths (but not hospitalisations) was marginally larger in neighbourhoods with higher off-sales outlet densities. Efforts to reduce alcohol-related harm should consider the potentially important role of the alcohol retail environment.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health (CRESH), School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, UK. Electronic address: e.richardson@ed.ac.uk.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.affiliation: Global Public Health Unit, School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9LD, UK. Electronic address: S.E.Hill@ed.ac.uk.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health (CRESH), Section of Public Health and Health Policy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8RZ, UK. Electronic address: richard.mitchell@glasgow.ac.uk.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health (CRESH), School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, UK. Electronic address: Jamie.pearce@ed.ac.uk.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health (CRESH), School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, UK. Electronic address: Niamh.Shortt@ed.ac.uk.
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Shortt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D002947:Cities; D003132:Commerce; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061213:Mortality, Premature; D011204:Poverty Areas; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012606:Scotland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Alcohol outlets; Drinking; Hospitalization; Mortality; Scotland
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