title: Experimental evolution gone wild.
abstract: Because of their large population sizes and rapid cell division rates, marine microbes have, or can generate, ample variation to fuel evolution over a few weeks or months, and subsequently have the potential to evolve in response to global change. Here we measure evolution in the marine diatom Skeletonema marinoi evolved in a natural plankton community in CO2-enriched mesocosms deployed in situ. Mesocosm enclosures are typically used to study how the species composition and biogeochemistry of marine communities respond to environmental shifts, but have not been used for experimental evolution to date. Using this approach, we detect a large evolutionary response to CO2 enrichment in a focal marine diatom, where population growth rate increased by 1.3-fold in high CO2-evolved lineages. This study opens an exciting new possibility of carrying out in situ evolution experiments to understand how marine microbial communities evolve in response to environmental change.
authors.affiliation: GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, Kiel, Germany Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, J. A. Palménin tie 260, Hanko, Finland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scheinin
authors.affiliation: GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Riebesell
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, USA.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Rynearson
authors.affiliation: GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Lohbeck
authors.affiliation: Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, The King's Building's, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, UK s.collins@ed.ac.uk.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Collins
mesh_terms: D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000235:genetics; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000235:genetics*; D017377:Diatoms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D017753:Ecosystem; D036281:Genetic Research; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D012107:Research Design / Q000639:trends
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide
keywords: Skeletonema; carbon dioxide; diatom evolution; experimental evolution; in situ mesocosms; ocean acidification
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