title: Sensitivity of chemical shift-encoded fat quantification to calibration of fat MR spectrum.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of different fat spectral models on proton density fat fraction quantification using chemical shift-encoded MRI (CSE-MRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a simulation study, spectral models of fat were compared pairwise. Comparison of magnitude fitting and mixed fitting was performed over a range of echo times and fat fractions. In vivo acquisitions from 41 patients were reconstructed using seven published spectral models of fat. T2-corrected stimulated echo acquisition mode MR spectroscopy was used as a reference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The simulations demonstrated that imperfectly calibrated spectral models of fat result in biases that depend on echo times and fat fraction. Mixed fitting was more robust against this bias than magnitude fitting. Multipeak spectral models showed much smaller differences among themselves than from the single-peak spectral model. In vivo studies showed that all multipeak models agreed better (for mixed fitting, the slope ranged from 0.967 to 1.045 using linear regression) with the reference standard than the single-peak model (for mixed fitting, slope = 0.76).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is essential to use a multipeak fat model for accurate quantification of fat with CSE-MRI. Furthermore, fat quantification techniques using multipeak fat models are comparable, and no specific choice of spectral model has been shown to be superior to the rest.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaoke
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hernando
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.|Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.|Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.|Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Scott B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Reeder
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D011522:Protons; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D011522:Protons
keywords: fat quantification; fat spectrum; magnetic resonance imaging; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; proton density fat fraction; spectral model of fat
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