title: Contrasts in spatial and temporal variability of oxidative capacity and elemental composition in moxibustion, indoor and outdoor environments in Beijing.
abstract: Moxibustion is a traditional Chinese medicine therapy that burns moxa floss which produces a substantial amount of PM10 into the environment, thus spawning safety concerns about health impacts of the smoke. We compared the oxidative capacity and elemental composition of moxibustion-derived and ambient PM10 in summer and winter to provide a source-, spatial- and temporal-comparison of PM10 biological responses. The PM10 oxidative capacity was 2.04 and 1.45 fold lower, and dose-dependent slope gradient was 2.36 and 1.76 fold lower in moxibustion environment than indoor or outdoor. Oxidative damage was highly correlated with iron, cesium, aluminum and cobalt in indoor, but moxibustion environment displayed low associations. The total elemental concentration was also lower in moxibustion environment than indoor (2.28 fold) or outdoor (2.79 fold). The source-to-dose modeling and slope gradient analysis in this study can be used as a model for future source-, spatial- and temporal-related moxibustion safety evaluation studies.
authors.affiliation: School of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
authors.forename: Min Yee
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: School of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
authors.forename: Chaxi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: School of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China. Electronic address: baixiao100@vip.sina.com.
authors.forename: Baixiao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
authors.forename: Longyi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shao
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D000068476:Beijing; D006801:Humans; D009071:Moxibustion / Q000009:adverse effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D012621:Seasons; D062211:Spatio-Temporal Analysis
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: Elemental composition; Moxa smoke; Moxibustion; Oxidative capacity; Particulate matter