title: In vitro bone strain distributions in a sample of primate pelves.
abstract: The pelvis is a critical link in the hindlimb locomotor system and has a central role in resisting loads associated with locomotion, but our understanding of its structural biomechanics is quite limited. Empirical data on how the pelvis responds to the loads it encounters are important for understanding pelvic adaptation to locomotion, and for testing hypotheses regarding how the pelvis is adapted to its mechanical demands. This paper presents in vitro strain gauge data on a sample of monkey and ape cadaveric specimens (Macaca, Papio, Ateles, Hylobates), and assesses strain magnitudes and distributions through the bones of the pelvis: the ilium, ischium and pubis. Pelves were individually mounted in a materials testing system, loads were applied across three hindlimb angular positions, and strains were recorded from 18 locations on the pelvic girdle. Peak principal strains range from 2000 to 3000 με, similar to peak strains recorded from other mammals in vivo. Although previous work has suggested that the bones of the pelvis may act as bent beams, this study suggests that there are likely additional loading regimes superimposed on bending. Specifically, these data suggest that the ilium is loaded in axial compression and torsion, the ischium in torsion, the pubic rami in mediolateral bending, and the pubic symphysis is loaded in a combination of compression and torsion. Compressive strains dominate the pelves of all species representatives. Shear strains change with limb position; hip flexion at 45° induces smaller shear strains than mid-stance (90°) or hip extension (105°). The pelvic girdle is a complex structure that does not lend itself easily to modeling, but finite element analyses may prove useful to generate and refine hypotheses of pelvic biomechanics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Kristi L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Lewton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D002102:Cadaver; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D010388:Pelvis / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D011323:Primates / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D033081:Shear Strength; D013045:Species Specificity; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
keywords: biomechanics; loading; pelvis; primates; strain
references.citation: Comput Biol Med. 1978 Mar;8(2):91-104
references.pmid: 639496
references.citation: Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2015 Jan;298(1):230-48
references.pmid: 25339080
references.citation: Science. 2011 Sep 9;333(6048):1407-11
references.pmid: 21903805
references.citation: J Biomech. 1989;22(8-9):775-80
references.pmid: 2613712
references.citation: Am J Phys Anthropol. 2004;Suppl 39:63-99
references.pmid: 15605390
references.citation: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009 Feb 15;34(4):309-15
references.pmid: 19214089
references.citation: Am J Phys Anthropol. 1998 May;106(1):87-100
references.pmid: 9590526
references.citation: Am J Phys Anthropol. 1995 Dec;98(4):527-74
references.pmid: 8599386
references.citation: J Anat. 2009 Jan;214(1):65-78
references.pmid: 19166474
references.citation: J Biomech. 1995 Jun;28(6):715-24
references.pmid: 7601870
references.citation: J Anat. 2013 Mar;222(3):305-12
references.pmid: 23171269
references.citation: Am J Phys Anthropol. 1994 Feb;93(2):241-57
references.pmid: 8147439
references.citation: J Biomech Eng. 2005 Jun;127(3):364-73
references.pmid: 16060343
references.citation: Am J Phys Anthropol. 1949 Sep;7(3):301-33, illust, incl pl
references.pmid: 15392781
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 May 19;106(20):8151-6
references.pmid: 19380728
references.citation: Am J Phys Anthropol. 2001 Dec;116(4):257-65
references.pmid: 11745077
references.citation: J Anat. 2011 Jan;218(1):112-41
references.pmid: 21105871
references.citation: Am J Phys Anthropol. 1996 Oct;101(2):183-215
references.pmid: 8893085
references.citation: J Hum Evol. 2010 Feb;58(2):166-78
references.pmid: 19945140
references.citation: Acta Orthop Scand. 1987 Dec;58(6):620-5
references.pmid: 3442206
references.citation: J Morphol. 1979 Feb;159(2):253-96
references.pmid: 105147
references.citation: J Orthop Res. 1985;3(3):372-9
references.pmid: 4032108
references.citation: Science. 2009 Oct 2;326(5949):71e1-6
references.pmid: 19810197
references.citation: J Hum Evol. 1997 Jun;32(6):523-59
references.pmid: 9210017
references.citation: Ann Anat. 2004 Dec;186(5-6):387-96
references.pmid: 15646269
references.citation: J Biomech. 1986;19(9):703-14
references.pmid: 3793745
references.citation: Am J Phys Anthropol. 2005 Nov;128(3):659-69
references.pmid: 15861422
references.citation: J Hum Evol. 2000 Mar;38(3):347-65
references.pmid: 10683305
references.citation: Am J Phys Anthropol. 1981 Jul;55(3):399-410
references.pmid: 6791507
references.citation: Am J Phys Anthropol. 2001 Oct;116(2):108-39
references.pmid: 11590585
references.citation: Am J Phys Anthropol. 2011 May;145(1):1-10
references.pmid: 21484756
references.citation: Arch Oral Biol. 1991;36(4):273-81
references.pmid: 2064549
references.citation: Am J Phys Anthropol. 2006 Aug;130(4):529-35
references.pmid: 16425190
references.citation: Am J Phys Anthropol. 1987 Jun;73(2):227-31
references.pmid: 3113264
references.citation: J Anat. 2013 Sep;223(3):195-227
references.pmid: 23855772
references.citation: Am J Phys Anthropol. 1997 Feb;102(2):203-32
references.pmid: 9066901
references.citation: J Hum Evol. 2004 Mar;46(3):239-54
references.pmid: 14984782
references.citation: Gait Posture. 2005 Jan;21(1):95-112
references.pmid: 15536039
references.citation: J Biomech. 1982;15(3):165-70
references.pmid: 7096369
references.citation: J Biomech Eng. 1995 Aug;117(3):272-8
references.pmid: 8618379
references.citation: J Exp Biol. 1982 Dec;101:187-211
references.pmid: 7166694
references.citation: Am J Phys Anthropol. 2000 Aug;112(4):553-74
references.pmid: 10918129
references.citation: J Morphol. 2000 Jul;245(1):51-66
references.pmid: 10861831
references.citation: Proc Inst Mech Eng H. 2009 Nov;223(8):965-79
references.pmid: 20092094
references.citation: Am J Phys Anthropol. 1973 May;38(3):757-79
references.pmid: 4735528
references.citation: Folia Primatol (Basel). 1985;44(2):82-95
references.pmid: 4043875
references.citation: J Biomed Eng. 1989 Sep;11(5):398-402
references.pmid: 2796319
references.citation: J Hum Evol. 1999 Feb;36(2):211-32
references.pmid: 10068067
references.citation: J Biomech. 2007;40(1):26-35
references.pmid: 16427645
references.citation: Am J Phys Anthropol. 2006 Apr;129(4):484-98
references.pmid: 16425178