title: Roles of the International Council for Laboratory Animal Science (ICLAS) and International Association of Colleges of Laboratory Animal Medicine (IACLAM) in the Global Organization and Support of 3Rs Advances in Laboratory Animal Science.
abstract: Practical implementation of the 3Rs at national and regional levels around the world requires long-term commitment, backing, and coordinated efforts by international associations for laboratory animal medicine and science, including the International Association of Colleges of Laboratory Animal Medicine (IACLAM) and the International Council for Laboratory Animal Science (ICLAS). Together these organizations support the efforts of regional organization and communities of laboratory animal science professionals as well as the development of local associations and professional colleges that promote the training and continuing education of research facility personnel and veterinary specialists. The recent formation of a World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) Collaborating Center for Laboratory Animal Science and Welfare emphasizes the need for research into initiatives promoting laboratory animal welfare, particularly in emerging economies and regions with nascent associations of laboratory animal science.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada. pvturner@uoguelph.ca.
authors.forename: Patricia V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.affiliation: Research and, Development, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pekow
authors.affiliation: Animals in Science Regulation Unit, Home Office, London, UK.
authors.forename: Judy MacArthur
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Patri
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vergara
authors.affiliation: Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bayne
authors.affiliation: Veterinary and Professional Services, Charles River, Wilmington, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsutomu Miki
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Kurosawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Hyeok
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Seok
authors.affiliation: Cornell Center for Animal Resources and Education, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Baneux
mesh_terms: D032761:Animal Experimentation; D000827:Animal Welfare; D000818:Animals; D000830:Animals, Laboratory; D007391:International Cooperation; D007756:Laboratory Animal Science
references.citation: J Vet Med Educ. 2009 Spring;36(1):89-99
references.pmid: 19435995
references.citation: Lab Anim. 2013 Jul;47(3):146-52
references.pmid: 23563121
references.citation: Can Vet J. 2009 Mar;50(3):257-60
references.pmid: 19436476
references.citation: ILAR J. 2021 Dec 31;62(3):369-406
references.pmid: 36413618
references.citation: Science. 2006 May 5;312(5774):700-1
references.pmid: 16675685
references.citation: Lab Anim. 2008 Jan;42(1):1-11
references.pmid: 18348761
references.citation: PLoS Biol. 2010 Jun 29;8(6):e1000412
references.pmid: 20613859
references.citation: Can Vet J. 2008 Jan;49(1):86-8
references.pmid: 18320986
references.citation: J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci. 2015 Mar;54(2):174-80
references.pmid: 25836964
references.citation: ILAR J. 2009;50(1):85-8
references.pmid: 19106455
references.citation: ILAR J. 2011;52(3):393-403
references.pmid: 23382153