title: De novo produced anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies relation to alloimmunity in patients with chronic renal failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic renal failure causes patients to become dialysis dependent, which is exhausting for them both financially and psychologically. However, the definitive treatment of chronic renal failure is transplantation. One of the crucial factors affecting success in transplantation is the presence of anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies in patients. HLA alloimmunization is caused by various sensitization events such as blood transfusion, pregnancy, and transplantation. In this study, different sensitization events were compared to determine the effectiveness on the panel-reactive antibody status in female solid organ transplantation candidates based upon pregnancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When results were evaluated in terms of alloimmunization rates, 62.8%, 73.4%, and 14.9% of the patients were found to have blood transfusion, pregnancy, and rejection history, respectively. Three hundred twenty-six of the 444 women had had at least one pregnancy. Panel-reactive antibody (PRA) (class I and/or II)-positive rates were significantly higher among patients with pregnancy and blood transfusion history (43.7%) than patients with only pregnancy history (27.5%) and pregnancy and transplantation history (40%). While transplantation history significantly affects class II anti-HLA levels, blood transfusion raises class I levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Solid organ transplantation appears to have the strongest HLA alloimmunization effect followed by pregnancy and blood transfusion, especially for class II HLA antigens. Patients who were sensitized by more than one sensitization event have a lower chance to have a solid organ transplantation. In this case, identification of donor-specific antibodies and the results of the cross-match tests play an important role both before and postrenal transplantation.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Izmir Katip Celebi University , Izmir, Turkey .|2 Tissue Typing Laboratory, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital , Izmir, Turkey .
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pirim
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Izmir Katip Celebi University , Izmir, Turkey .|2 Tissue Typing Laboratory, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital , Izmir, Turkey .
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soyoz
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Izmir Katip Celebi University , Izmir, Turkey .|2 Tissue Typing Laboratory, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital , Izmir, Turkey .
authors.forename: Tulay K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Ayna
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Izmir Katip Celebi University , Izmir, Turkey .|2 Tissue Typing Laboratory, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital , Izmir, Turkey .
authors.forename: Asli O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Kocyigit
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Izmir Katip Celebi University , Izmir, Turkey .|2 Tissue Typing Laboratory, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital , Izmir, Turkey .
authors.forename: Burcu C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Gurbuz
authors.affiliation: 3 General Surgery Department, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital , Izmir, Turkey .
authors.forename: Cem
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tugmen
authors.affiliation: 2 Tissue Typing Laboratory, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital , Izmir, Turkey .
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kurtulmus
authors.affiliation: 2 Tissue Typing Laboratory, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital , Izmir, Turkey .
authors.forename: Berk
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ozyilmaz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D006650:Histocompatibility Testing; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000601:surgery; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D008285:Major Histocompatibility Complex / Q000276:immunology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000276:immunology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014181:Transplantation Immunology
chemical_list: D006680:HLA Antigens