title: The microbial diversity of an industrially produced lambic beer shares members of a traditionally produced one and reveals a core microbiota for lambic beer fermentation.
abstract: The microbiota involved in lambic beer fermentations in an industrial brewery in West-Flanders, Belgium, was determined through culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques. More than 1300 bacterial and yeast isolates from 13 samples collected during a one-year fermentation process were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry followed by sequence analysis of rRNA and various protein-encoding genes. The bacterial and yeast communities of the same samples were further analyzed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of PCR-amplified V3 regions of the 16S rRNA genes and D1/D2 regions of the 26S rRNA genes, respectively. In contrast to traditional lambic beer fermentations, there was no Enterobacteriaceae phase and a larger variety of acetic acid bacteria were found in industrial lambic beer fermentations. Like in traditional lambic beer fermentations, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces pastorianus, Dekkera bruxellensis and Pediococcus damnosus were the microorganisms responsible for the main fermentation and maturation phases. These microorganisms originated most probably from the wood of the casks and were considered as the core microbiota of lambic beer fermentations.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Freek
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Spitaels
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Brewing, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Anneleen D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Wieme
authors.affiliation: Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Maarten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Janssens
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Maarten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aerts
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Brewing, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van Landschoot
authors.affiliation: Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Vuyst
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: Peter.Vandamme@UGent.be.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vandamme
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D001515:Beer / Q000382:microbiology*; D001530:Belgium; D044822:Biodiversity; D005285:Fermentation; D007218:Industrial Microbiology; D064307:Microbiota; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010376:Pediococcus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D015003:Yeasts / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism
keywords: AAB; LAB; Lambic beer; MALDI-TOF MS; Spontaneous fermentation; Yeasts