title: The role of autophagy induced by tumor microenvironment in different cells and stages of cancer.
abstract: Development of a tumor is a very complex process, and invasion and metastasis of malignant tumors are hallmarks and are difficult problems to overcome. The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in controlling tumor fate and autophagy induced by the tumor microenvironment is attracting more and more attention. Autophagy can be induced by several stressors in the tumor microenvironment and autophagy modifies the tumor microenvironment, too. Autophagy has dual roles in tumor growth. In this review, we discussed the interaction between autophagy and the tumor microenvironment and the paradoxical roles of autophagy on tumor growth at different stages of tumor development.
authors.affiliation: Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, 200438 Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, 200438 Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Dan-Dan
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, 200438 Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, 200438 Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ying-Ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.affiliation: Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, 200438 Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Peng
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Central laboratory, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, 200438 Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Chang Hai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, 200438 Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Li-Xin
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Wei
keywords: Autophagy; Tumor microenvironment; Tumorigenesis
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