title: Characterization and structure prediction of partial length protein sequences of pcoA, pcoR and chrB genes from heavy metal resistant bacteria from the Klip River, South Africa.
abstract: The Klip River has suffered from severe anthropogenic effects from industrial activities such as mining. Long-term exposure to heavy metal pollution has led to the development of heavy metal resistant strains of Pseudomonas sp. KR23, Lysinibacillus sp. KR25, and E. coli KR29. The objectives of this study were to characterize the genetics of copper and chromate resistance of the isolates. Copper and chromate resistance determinants were cloned and sequenced. Open reading frames (ORFs) related to the genes CopA and CopR were identified in E. coli KR29, PcoA in Lysinibacillus sp. KR25 and none related to chromate resistance were detected. The 3D-models predicted by I-TASSER disclose that the PcoA proteins consist of β-sheets, which form a part of the cupredoxin domain of the CopA copper resistance family of genes. The model for PcoR_29 revealed the presence of a helix turn helix; this forms part of a DNA binding protein, which is part of a heavy metal transcriptional regulator. The bacterial strains were cured using ethidium bromide. The genes encoding for heavy metal resistance and antibiotic resistance were found to be located on the chromosome for both Pseudomonas sp. (KR23) and E. coli (KR29). For Lysinibacillus (KR25) the heavy metal resistance determinants are suspected to be located on a mobile genetic element, which was not detected using gel electrophoresis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Vaal University of Technology, Private Bag X021, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa. pchihomvu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Patience
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chihomvu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Vaal University of Technology, Private Bag X021, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa. stegmannfam@mweb.co.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stegmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Vaal University of Technology, Private Bag X021, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa. mpillay@vut.ac.za.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pillay
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002840:Chromates / Q000009:adverse effects; D003300:Copper / Q000009:adverse effects; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary / Q000235:genetics*; D045483:Rivers; D013019:South Africa
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002840:Chromates; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D003300:Copper
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