title: High salt intake negatively impacts ovarian follicle development.
abstract: Many human disorders induce high salinity in tissues and organs, interfering with their normal physiological functions. Using a mouse model, we demonstrated that high salt intake caused infertility. Specifically, we established that high salinity dramatically affects ovarian follicle development and the extent of follicular atresia. However, it did not significantly influence the primordial follicles. TUNEL assays revealed that high salt intake inhibited follicle development by inducing the granulosa and theca cells that surround the oocytes to undergo apoptosis. Furthermore, immunohistological staining for the proliferation markers Ki67 and PH3 showed that high salt intake also repressed granulosa cell proliferation. In vitro testing of granulosa cells also confirmed that high salt significantly repressed cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis. In summary, high salt consumption negatively impacts reproductive functions in female mice by interfering with ovarian folliculogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Institute of Fetal-Preterm Labor Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors.forename: Cheung-Kwan
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.affiliation: Institute of Vascular Biological Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Jing-Li
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Vascular Biological Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Xi-Wen
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Vascular Biological Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Xiang
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Institute of Vascular Biological Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Xia
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Vascular Biological Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Jiang-Chao
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Kenneth Ka Ho
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Institute of Fetal-Preterm Labor Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. Electronic address: yang_xuesong@126.com.
authors.forename: Xuesong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Vascular Biological Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China. Electronic address: wanglijing62@163.com.
authors.forename: Li-Jing
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005496:Follicular Atresia / Q000187:drug effects; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000139:chemically induced; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D011247:Pregnancy; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000633:toxicity*; D013799:Theca Cells / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D012965:Sodium Chloride
keywords: Apoptosis; High salt; Infertility; Ovarian follicle; Proliferation