title: Gold nanotheranostics: photothermal therapy and imaging of Mucin 7 conjugated antibody nanoparticles for urothelial cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To kill urothelial cancer cells while preserving healthy cells, this study used photothermal therapy (PTT). PTT techniques target urothelial cancer cells using gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and a green light laser.
  
  
  METHODS
  The GNPs were conjugated with anti-Mucin 7 antibodies, which acted as a probe for targeting tumor cells. Conjugated GNPs were exposed to a green light laser (532 nm) with sufficient thermal energy to kill the transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to our results, nanoparticles conjugated with Mucin 7 antibodies damaged all types of cancer cells (MBT2, T24, 9202, and 8301) at relatively low energy levels (i.e., 500 laser shots at 10 W/cm(2) in power, 1.6 Hz in frequency, and 300 ms in duration). Nonconjugated nanoparticles required 30 W/cm(2) or more to achieve the same effect. Cell damage was directly related to irradiation time and applied laser energy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The minimally invasive PTT procedure combined with Mucin 7 targeted GNPs is able to kill cancer cells and preserve healthy cells. The success of this treatment technique can likely be attributed to the lower amount of energy required to kill targeted cancer cells compared with that required to kill nontargeted cancer cells. Our in vitro pilot study yielded promising results; however, additional animal studies are required to confirm these findings.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan ; Department of Urology, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, 123 Sin-der Road, Beigang, Yunlin 651, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chieh Hsiao
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6294-9092
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Jhen
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jia-Jin
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006046:Gold / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009077:Mucins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D010789:Phototherapy; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019459:Urothelium / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; C083238:MUC7 protein, human; D009077:Mucins; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides; D006046:Gold
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