title: [Standardization of the German 16-item short version of the Inventory of Personality Organization (IPO-16)].
abstract: Standardization of the German 16-item short version of the Inventory of Personality Organization (IPO-16).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The 16-item short version of the Inventory of Personality Organization (IPO-16) is a self-report measure assessing the severity of personality dysfunction. This study provides representative norms and determines the smallest real difference value for the IPO-16.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standardization of the IPO-16 was based on a representative survey among the German general population (N = 2502). Retest reliability and the smallest real difference were assessed in a separate longitudinal online survey, whereby participants completed the IPO-16 three times at time intervals of 2 months (N = 495).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average IPO-16-mean score in the general population was 1.87. The influence of age and sex was small, albeit statistically significant.We therefore developed sex- and age-specific norms. The average retest reliability across 2 months was .85, and the smallest real difference was 0.66.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The IPO-16 is a well-validated, and now standardized, screening instrument for the assessment of severity of personality dysfunction. It can be recommended for use in research and practice.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: Cord
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Benecke
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hörz-Sagstetter
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dammann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D064889:Psychotherapy, Psychodynamic; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014175:Translating; D055815:Young Adult