title: Prevalence and predictors of hookah use in US Air Force military recruits.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hookah use has gained recent popularity among U.S. youth. The current study describes the characteristics and correlates associated with hookah use in late adolescent and young adult US Air Force (USAF) recruits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from a cross-sectional questionnaire of USAF personnel in Technical Training School at Joint Base San Antonio (N=10,997). Response rate was 78%. Logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between hookah use, demographic variables, other tobacco and nicotine containing product (TNCP) use, and the social environment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of ever hookah use was 28%; at least monthly hookah use was 10%. Increased hookah use was positively associated with Hispanic ethnicity (OR [odds ratio] 1.52; 95% CI: 1.25, 1.85), cigarette smoking (OR 4.05; CI: 3.41, 4.82) and smokeless tobacco use (OR 1.35; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.71). Hookah use was negatively associated with age (OR 0.84; 95% 0.71 to 1.00), living as married (OR 0.54; 95% CI: 0.40-0.72), African American (OR 0.53; 95% CI: 0.40, 0.69) and ≥4-year degree (OR 0.54; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.82). Hookah use was highest among recruits who "many or almost all" of their friends smoked cigarettes (OR 2.43; 95% CI: 1.80, 3.30) and for those who reported willingness to try a tobacco product that claims to be safer than cigarettes (OR 3.16; 95% CI: 2.64, 3.77).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hookah use among military recruits is similar to the civilian population. A willingness to try TNCPs claiming to be safer than cigarettes may influence hookah use. Public health campaigns disseminating accurate information about hookah health risks may be needed to reduce hookah use among youth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Center for Population Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 66 N Pauline, Suite 633, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
authors.forename: Brittany D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Linde
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Electronic address: ebbert.jon@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Jon O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Ebbert
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Center for Population Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 66 N Pauline, Suite 633, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
authors.forename: Christin K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Pasker
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Center for Population Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 66 N Pauline, Suite 633, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wayne Talcott
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Darrell R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Klesges
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Hookah; Military; Tobacco; Tobacco and nicotine containing product (TNCP)
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