title: Association of trace elements with lipid profiles and glycaemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in northern Sardinia, Italy: An observational study.
abstract: Sardinia is an Italian region with a high incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to determine the associations of trace elements with lipid profiles and glycaemic control in patients with T1DM. A total of 192 patients with T1DM who attended the Unit of Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases in Sassari, Italy, were enrolled. Trace elements zinc, copper, selenium, chromium, and iron were measured in whole blood by sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The correlations between metabolic variables and the levels of trace elements were determined. Zinc was positively correlated with total cholesterol (P=0.023), low-density lipoprotein (P=0.0015), and triglycerides (P=0.027). Iron as significantly correlated with TC (P=0.0189), LDL (P=0.0121), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P=0.0466). In males, Cr was positively correlated with HDL (P=0.0079) and Se, in females was correlated with TG (P=0.0113). The mean fasting plasma glucose was166.2mgdL(-1). Chromium was correlated with fasting plasma glucose (P=0.0149), particularly in males (P=0.0038). Overall, 63.5% of the patients had moderate HbA1c (7-9%). Copper was significantly correlated with HbA1c% in males (P=0.0155). In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that trace elements show different associations with lipid levels and glycaemic control in T1DM. Zinc, Fe, and Se were associated with lipid levels whereas Cu and Cr were associated with HbA1c%.
authors.affiliation: University of Sassari, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Viale San Pietro 43B, 07100 Sassari, Italy. Electronic address: aperuzzu@uniss.it.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peruzzu
authors.affiliation: University of Sassari, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Viale San Pietro 43B, 07100 Sassari, Italy. Electronic address: gsolinas@uniss.it.
authors.forename: Giuliana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Solinas
authors.affiliation: University of Sassari, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Viale San Pietro 43B, 07100 Sassari, Italy. Electronic address: yasara@uniss.it.
authors.forename: Yolande
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Asara
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health, Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: giovanni.forte@iss.it.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Forte
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health, Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: beatrice.bocca@iss.it.
authors.forename: Beatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bocca
authors.affiliation: University Hospital, Unit of Endocrinology, Viale San Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy. Electronic address: ftolu@uniss.it.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tolu
authors.affiliation: University of Catania, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Androne 83, Catania, Italy. Electronic address: lucmal@unict.it.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Malaguarnera
authors.affiliation: University of Sassari, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Viale San Pietro 43B, 07100 Sassari, Italy. Electronic address: montella@uniss.it.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Montella
authors.affiliation: University of Sassari, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Viale San Pietro 43B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; National Institute Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Viale Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: rmadeddu@uniss.it.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Madeddu
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008055:Lipids; D014131:Trace Elements; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: Glycaemic control; Lipid profile; Trace elements; Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)