title: The Development of Assessment Tools for Plastic Surgery Competencies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Objective tools to assess procedural skills in plastic surgery residency training are currently lacking. There is an increasing need to address this deficit in order to meet today's training standards in North America.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this pilot study was to establish a methodology for determining the essential procedural steps for two plastic surgery procedures to assist resident training and assessment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following a literature review and needs assessment of resident training, the authors purposefully selected two procedures lacking robust assessment metrics (breast augmentation and facelift) and used a consensus process to complete a list of procedural steps for each. Using an online survey, plastic surgery Program Directors, Division Chiefs, and the Royal College Specialty Training Committee members in Canada were asked to indicate whether each step was considered essential or non-essential when assessing competence among graduating plastic surgery trainees. The Delphi methodology was used to obtain consensus among the panel. Panelist reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 17 steps for breast augmentation and 24 steps for facelift were deemed essential by consensus (Cronbach's alpha 0.87 and 0.85, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using the aforementioned technique, the essential procedural steps for two plastic surgery procedures were determined. Further work is required to develop assessment instruments based on these steps and to gather validity evidence in support of their use in surgical education.
authors.affiliation: Dr Courteau is a Surgical Research Fellow in the Division of Surgical Research of the Department of Surgery at McGill University, Montreal, Canada. Dr Knox is a Surgical Research Fellow and Dr Warren is a Clinical Professor in the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of the Department of Surgery at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. Dr Warren is also the Continuing Medical Education Section Editor for the Aesthetic Surgery Journal. Dr Vassiliou is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Surgery at McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Dr Gilardino is the Director of the Plastic Surgery Residency Program and is an Associate Professor in the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of the Department of Surgery at McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Brigitte C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Courteau
authors.affiliation: Dr Courteau is a Surgical Research Fellow in the Division of Surgical Research of the Department of Surgery at McGill University, Montreal, Canada. Dr Knox is a Surgical Research Fellow and Dr Warren is a Clinical Professor in the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of the Department of Surgery at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. Dr Warren is also the Continuing Medical Education Section Editor for the Aesthetic Surgery Journal. Dr Vassiliou is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Surgery at McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Dr Gilardino is the Director of the Plastic Surgery Residency Program and is an Associate Professor in the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of the Department of Surgery at McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Aaron D C
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Knox
authors.affiliation: Dr Courteau is a Surgical Research Fellow in the Division of Surgical Research of the Department of Surgery at McGill University, Montreal, Canada. Dr Knox is a Surgical Research Fellow and Dr Warren is a Clinical Professor in the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of the Department of Surgery at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. Dr Warren is also the Continuing Medical Education Section Editor for the Aesthetic Surgery Journal. Dr Vassiliou is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Surgery at McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Dr Gilardino is the Director of the Plastic Surgery Residency Program and is an Associate Professor in the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of the Department of Surgery at McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Melina C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Vassiliou
authors.affiliation: Dr Courteau is a Surgical Research Fellow in the Division of Surgical Research of the Department of Surgery at McGill University, Montreal, Canada. Dr Knox is a Surgical Research Fellow and Dr Warren is a Clinical Professor in the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of the Department of Surgery at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. Dr Warren is also the Continuing Medical Education Section Editor for the Aesthetic Surgery Journal. Dr Vassiliou is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Surgery at McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Dr Gilardino is the Director of the Plastic Surgery Residency Program and is an Associate Professor in the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of the Department of Surgery at McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.affiliation: Dr Courteau is a Surgical Research Fellow in the Division of Surgical Research of the Department of Surgery at McGill University, Montreal, Canada. Dr Knox is a Surgical Research Fellow and Dr Warren is a Clinical Professor in the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of the Department of Surgery at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. Dr Warren is also the Continuing Medical Education Section Editor for the Aesthetic Surgery Journal. Dr Vassiliou is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Surgery at McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Dr Gilardino is the Director of the Plastic Surgery Residency Program and is an Associate Professor in the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of the Department of Surgery at McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Mirko S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Gilardino
mesh_terms: D002170:Canada; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards; D032921:Consensus; D003479:Curriculum; D003697:Delphi Technique; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000592:standards; D004521:Educational Measurement; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000592:standards; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000193:education* / Q000592:standards; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000193:education* / Q000592:standards; D013518:Surgery, Plastic / Q000193:education* / Q000592:standards; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis