title: Ethylene responses in rice roots and coleoptiles are differentially regulated by a carotenoid isomerase-mediated abscisic acid pathway.
abstract: Ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA) act synergistically or antagonistically to regulate plant growth and development. ABA is derived from the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. Here, we analyzed the interplay among ethylene, carotenoid biogenesis, and ABA in rice (Oryza sativa) using the rice ethylene response mutant mhz5, which displays a reduced ethylene response in roots but an enhanced ethylene response in coleoptiles. We found that MHZ5 encodes a carotenoid isomerase and that the mutation in mhz5 blocks carotenoid biosynthesis, reduces ABA accumulation, and promotes ethylene production in etiolated seedlings. ABA can largely rescue the ethylene response of the mhz5 mutant. Ethylene induces MHZ5 expression, the production of neoxanthin, an ABA biosynthesis precursor, and ABA accumulation in roots. MHZ5 overexpression results in enhanced ethylene sensitivity in roots and reduced ethylene sensitivity in coleoptiles. Mutation or overexpression of MHZ5 also alters the expression of ethylene-responsive genes. Genetic studies revealed that the MHZ5-mediated ABA pathway acts downstream of ethylene signaling to inhibit root growth. The MHZ5-mediated ABA pathway likely acts upstream but negatively regulates ethylene signaling to control coleoptile growth. Our study reveals novel interactions among ethylene, carotenogenesis, and ABA and provides insight into improvements in agronomic traits and adaptive growth through the manipulation of these pathways in rice.
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Cui-Cui
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China mabiao@genetics.ac.cn sychen@genetics.ac.cn jszhang@genetics.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Biao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia.
authors.forename: Derek Phillip
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Collinge
authors.affiliation: Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia.
authors.forename: Barry James
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Pogson
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Si-Jie
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Kai-Xuan
authors.initials: KX
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Yi-Qin
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Wan-Ke
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Cheng-Cai
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Fang
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute/National Key Facility for Genetic Resources and Gene Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Tie-Gang
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China mabiao@genetics.ac.cn sychen@genetics.ac.cn jszhang@genetics.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Shou-Yi
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China mabiao@genetics.ac.cn sychen@genetics.ac.cn jszhang@genetics.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Jin-Song
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000378:metabolism; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D007535:Isomerases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012275:Oryza / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005030:Ethylenes; D010940:Plant Proteins; D002338:Carotenoids; D000040:Abscisic Acid; C036216:ethylene; D007535:Isomerases
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