title: Inflammatory cytokine kinetics to single bouts of acute moderate and intense aerobic exercise in women with active and inactive systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the cytokines INF-γ, IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α and soluble TNF receptors (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2) in response to single bouts of acute moderate and intense exercise in systemic lupus erythematosus women with active (SLE(ACTIVE)) and inactive (SLE(INACTIVE)) disease. Twelve SLE(INACTIVE) women (age: 35.3 ± 5.7 yrs; BMI: 25.6±3.4 kg/m2), eleven SLE(ACTIVE) women (age: 30.4 ± 4.5 yrs; BMI: 26.1±4.8 kg/m2), and 10 age- and BMI-matched healthy control women (HC) performed 30 minutes of acute moderate (~50% of VO(2)peak) and intense (~70% of VO(2)peak) exercise bout. Cytokines and soluble TNF receptors were assessed at baseline, immediately after, every 30 minutes up to three hours, and 24 hours after both acute exercise bouts. In response to acute moderate exercise, cytokines and soluble TNF receptors levels remained unchanged in all groups (P>0.05), except for a reduction in IL-6 levels in the SLE(ACTIVE) group at the 60th and 180th minutes of recovery (P<0.05), and a reduction in sTNFR1 levels in the HC group at the 90th, 120th, 150th, 180th minutes of recovery (P<0.05). The SLE(INACTIVE) group showed higher levels of TNF-α, sTNFR1, and sTNFR2 at all time points when compared with the HC group (P<0.05). Also, the SLE(ACTIVE) group showed higher levels of IL-6 at the 60th minute of recovery (P<0.05) when compared with the HC group. After intense exercise, sTNFR1 levels were reduced at the 150th (P=0.041) and 180th (P=0.034) minutes of recovery in the SLE(INACTIVE) group, whereas the other cytokines and sTNFR2 levels remained unchanged (P>0.05). In the HC group, IL-10, TNF-α, sTNFR1, and sTNFR2 levels did not change, whilst INF-γ levels decreased (P=0.05) and IL-6 levels increased immediately after the exercise (P=0.028), returning to baseline levels 24 hours later (P > 0.05). When compared with the HC group, the SLE(INACTIVE) group showed higher levels of TNF-α and sTNFR2 in all time points, and higher levels of sTNFR1 at the end of exercise and at the 30th minute of recovery (P<0.05). The SLE(ACTIVE) group also showed higher levels of TNF-α at all time points when compared with the HC group (P<0.05), (except after 90 min, 120 min and 24 hours of recovery) (P>0.05). Importantly, the levels of all cytokine and soluble TNF receptors returned to baseline 24 hours after the end of acute exercise, irrespective of its intensity, in all three groups (P>0.05). This study demonstrated that both the single bouts of acute moderate and intense exercise induced mild and transient changes in cytokine levels in both SLE(INACTIVE) and SLE(ACTIVE) women, providing novel evidence that acute aerobic exercise does not trigger inflammation in patients with this disease.
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Division, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Perandini
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Division, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sales-de-Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Division, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sbv
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mello
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: N O
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Camara
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Division, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.|School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: F B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Benatti
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Division, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Division, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Borba
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Division, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bonfa
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Division, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.|School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Roschel
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Division, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.|School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Sá-Pinto
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Division, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.|School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gualano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D007700:Kinetics; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I / Q000097:blood*; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II / Q000097:blood*; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II
keywords: active disease.; exercise training; immune system; inflammation; non-active disease; physical activity; rheumatic diseases