title: Evaluation of annual survival and mortality rates and longevity of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) at the United States Navy Marine Mammal Program from 2004 through 2013.
abstract: Objective-To evaluate annual survival and mortality rates and the longevity of a managed population of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Design-Retrospective cohort study. Animals-103 bottlenose dolphins at the US Navy Marine Mammal Program (MMP). Procedures-Population age structures, annual survival and crude mortality rates, and median age at death for dolphins > 30 days old were determined from 2004 through 2013. Results-During 2004 through 2013, the annual survival rates for MMP dolphins ranged from 0.98 to 1.0, and the annual crude mortality rates ranged from 0% to 5%, with a mean of 2.7%. The median age at death was 30.1 years from 2004 through 2008 and increased to 32 years from 2009 through 2013. The maximum age for a dolphin in the study was 52 years. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results indicated that the annual mortality rates were low and survival rates were high for dolphins in the MMP from 2004 through 2013 and that the median age at death for MMP dolphins during that time was over 10 years greater than that reported in free-ranging dolphins. These findings were likely attributable to the continually improving care and husbandry of managed dolphin populations.
authors.affiliation: National Marine Mammal Foundation, 2240 Shelter Island Dr, San Diego, CA 92106.
authors.forename: Stephanie K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Venn-Watson
authors.forename: Eric D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Cynthia R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xitco
authors.forename: Sam H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ridgway
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D050681:Bottle-Nosed Dolphin; D015331:Cohort Studies; D008136:Longevity; D058749:Military Facilities; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States