title: Characterization and photocatalytic treatability of red water from Brazilian TNT industry.
abstract: The current study aims to characterize and evaluate the photocatalytic treatability of the "red water" effluent from a Brazilian TNT production industry. Analyses were performed using physical, chemical, spectroscopic and chromatographic assays, which demonstrated that the effluent presented a significant pollution potential, mainly due to COD, BOD, solids and to the high concentration of nitroaromatic compounds such as 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, 1-methyl-2,4-dinitrobenzene, 2-methyl-1,3-dinitrobenzene, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene-3,5-dinitro-p-toluidine and 2-methyl-3,5-dinitro-benzoamine. By a modified sol-gel and a dip-coating technique, it was possible to obtain a TiO2 film on borosilicate glass substrate which functional composition and microstructure were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The evaluation of the photocatalytic treatability using borosilicate-glass-TiO2 demonstrated high degradation efficiency. In this context, a reduction of 32 and 100% for COD and nitroaromatic compounds, respectively, was observed. Although the proposed photocatalytic process has found difficulties in reducing the content of organic matter and effluent color in the red water, its potential for degrading refractory chemical compounds such as the nitroaromatic ones enables it to be used as tertiary treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Postgraduate Programme in Technology of Chemical and Biochemical Processes, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Pato Branco, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ludwichk
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Chemistry and Biology, Post graduation in Environmental Science and Technology Federal Technological University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Oliver Karil
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Helferich
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Chemistry and Biology, Post graduation in Environmental Science and Technology Federal Technological University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristiane Patrícia
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Kist
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Postgraduate Programme in Technology of Chemical and Biochemical Processes, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Pato Branco, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline Chitto
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Postgraduate Programme in Technology of Chemical and Biochemical Processes, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Pato Branco, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thiago
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cavasotto
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Chemistry and Biology, Post graduation in Environmental Science and Technology Federal Technological University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Davi Costa
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Postgraduate Programme in Technology of Chemical and Biochemical Processes, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Pato Branco, PR, Brazil; Academic Department of Chemistry and Biology, Post graduation in Environmental Science and Technology Federal Technological University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: marciorodrigues@utfpr.edu.br.
authors.forename: Marcio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barreto-Rodrigues
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001555:Benzene Derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D001938:Brazil; D002384:Catalysis; D003116:Color; D003621:Daphnia / Q000187:drug effects; D005898:Glass; D007220:Industrial Waste; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D014303:Trinitrotoluene; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D001555:Benzene Derivatives; D007220:Industrial Waste; D017640:Silicates; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014303:Trinitrotoluene; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Borosilicate-glass-TiO(2); Nitroaromatic compounds; Red water