title: Three-dimensional printed calcaneal prosthesis following total calcanectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The majority of patients with extremity sarcoma can be surgically treated without amputation. However, limb-salvage surgery for foot sarcomas including the calcaneus remains challenging.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 71-year-old man presented with a 5-year history of right heel persistent pain. Imaging studies revealed an osteolytic, destructive and highly metabolic lesion in the right calcaneus. Computed tomography guided core needle biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of grade 2 chondrosarcoma. A total calcanectomy was performed, and the defect was reconstructed with a patient matched three-dimensional printed titanium calcaneal prosthesis. Intra-operatively, ligaments including the Achilles tendon, and plantar fascia were reattached. The post-operative course was uneventful, and at the 5-month clinical follow-up, the patient was fully weightbearing, with a mobile ankle without pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case is the first to use additive manufacturing to create a prosthetic calcaneus. The complex peri-calcaneal articular surfaces and reattachment of tendinous structures facilitate efforts to stabilize the prosthesis in situ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three-dimensional-printed prosthesis of the calcaneus is a viable alternative to amputation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; Department of Orthopaedic Oncology and Surgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1298, Japan. Electronic address: jungo.imanishi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jungo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Imanishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address: sarcoma@bigpond.net.au.
authors.forename: Peter F M
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Choong
keywords: Calcaneal sarcoma; Limb-salvage surgery; Three-dimensional printed prosthesis
references.citation: Foot Ankle Int. 2007 Jul;28(7):841-4
references.pmid: 17666179
references.citation: Acta Orthop Belg. 2014 Jun;80(2):196-204
references.pmid: 25090792
references.citation: Foot Ankle Int. 2009 Jul;30(7):716-20
references.pmid: 19589324
references.citation: Ortop Traumatol Rehabil. 2007 May-Jun;9(3):273-6
references.pmid: 17721425
references.citation: Acta Orthop Scand. 1999 Aug;70(4):361-4
references.pmid: 10569266
references.citation: J Surg Oncol. 2010 Jul 1;102(1):48-53
references.pmid: 20578078
references.citation: Am J Sports Med. 2000 Jan-Feb;28(1):77-82
references.pmid: 10653548
references.citation: J Hand Surg Am. 2014 Sep;39(9):1840-5
references.pmid: 25042538
references.citation: J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1953 Jan;35-A(1):211-4
references.pmid: 13022722
references.citation: J Surg Oncol. 2012 Jun 1;105(7):673-8
references.pmid: 22213188
references.citation: BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2007 Aug 15;8:82
references.pmid: 17697370
references.citation: J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2000 Jan;82(1):109-12
references.pmid: 10653091
references.citation: J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1982 Dec;64(9):1355-8
references.pmid: 7142243
references.citation: Foot Ankle Int. 1998 Jun;19(6):411-5
references.pmid: 9677086
references.citation: Foot Ankle Surg. 2008;14(4):221-4
references.pmid: 19083646
references.citation: Foot Ankle Int. 2011 Jan;32(1):92-4
references.pmid: 21288441
references.citation: Foot Ankle Int. 2000 Aug;21(8):638-42
references.pmid: 10966360