title: Review: Bioelectrical mechanisms in spinal cord stimulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this review is to make specialists in a variety of disciplines familiar with basic aspects of spinal cord stimulation and the role of mathematical modeling in understanding its mechanisms of action and the solution of basic problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  The paper is divided into five sections. The content of each section also covers aspects of various disciplines. Most aspects are presented in an unusual way, likely resulting in new viewpoints and further developments in the growing field of neuromodulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A special, integrating role is the mathematical modeling of spinal cord stimulation and the simulation studies of various aspects, such as the stimulation in axial low-back pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In particular the conclusions from several computer simulation studies are relevant and of interest to specialists in many disciplines.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Technical Medicine (MIRA), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Holsheimer
authors.forename: Jan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Buitenweg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001416:Back Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D006801:Humans; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000502:physiology*; D062187:Spinal Cord Stimulation / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Electrode paddle; low back pain; review article; spinal cord stimulation; stimulation