title: Ex vivo uranium decontamination efficiency on wounded skin and in vitro skin toxicity of a calixarene-loaded nanoemulsion.
abstract: The present work aims at studying the decontamination efficacy of a calixarene-loaded nanoemulsion on two ex vivo wounded skin models mimicking superficial stings or cuts contaminated with uranium, and on a third model using excoriation. The decontaminating formulation was compared with the currently used radio-decontaminating soapy water (Trait rouge®) treatment. Moreover, to assess skin damage potentially induced by the undiluted nanoemulsion, in vitro toxicity studies were conducted on an in vitro reconstructed human epidermis, coupled with three different toxicity tests [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, lactate dehydrogenase, and interleukin-1-α]. This work demonstrated not only a significant decontamination activity of the calixarene nanoemulsion on wounded skin, ranging from 92% to 94% of the applied uranium solution according to the ex vivo model used, but also the absence of side effects of this promising treatment.
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de pharmacie, Institut Galien Paris-Sud, LabEx LERMIT, Chatenay-Malabry Cedex 92296, France; CNRS, UMR 8612, Chatenay-Malabry Cedex 92296, France; Institut de Radioprotection et de Surete Nucleaire (IRSN), PRP-Hom, SDI, Laboratoire de RadioChimie, Fontenay-aux-Roses 92260, France.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grives
authors.affiliation: Institut de Radioprotection et de Surete Nucleaire (IRSN), PRP-Hom, SDI, Laboratoire de RadioChimie, Fontenay-aux-Roses 92260, France.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Phan
authors.affiliation: Institut de Radioprotection et de Surete Nucleaire (IRSN), PRP-Hom, SDI, Laboratoire de RadioChimie, Fontenay-aux-Roses 92260, France.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Morat
authors.affiliation: Institut de Radioprotection et de Surete Nucleaire (IRSN), PRP-Hom, SDI, Laboratoire de RadioChimie, Fontenay-aux-Roses 92260, France.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Suhard
authors.affiliation: Institut de Radioprotection et de Surete Nucleaire (IRSN), PRP-Hom, SDI, Laboratoire de RadioChimie, Fontenay-aux-Roses 92260, France.
authors.forename: Francois
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rebiere
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de pharmacie, Institut Galien Paris-Sud, LabEx LERMIT, Chatenay-Malabry Cedex 92296, France; CNRS, UMR 8612, Chatenay-Malabry Cedex 92296, France. Electronic address: elias.fattal@u-psud.fr.
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fattal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D047250:Calixarenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D003666:Decontamination / Q000379:methods*; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013552:Swine; D014501:Uranium / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D010636:Phenols; C476540:calix(6)arene; D047250:Calixarenes; D014501:Uranium
keywords: chelation; diffusion; emulsion; formulation vehicle; in vitro models; nanotechnology; skin; toxicity