title: Temozolomide-based combination for advanced neuroendocrine neoplasms: a systematic review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this systematic review, we explored the value of using temozolomide (TMZ)-based combinations for advanced neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Database search were conducted using the terms 'NENs' and 'TMZ' and 'systemic therapy.' Outcomes of interest included progression-free survival and overall survival, toxicities and tumor response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 16 trials including 348 patients were included. Median progression-free survival ranged from 6 to 31 months. The disease control rate ranged from 65 to 100%. Frequently reported grade 3/4 toxicities were leukopenia, lymphopenia and elevated transaminases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The published clinical data suggest that TMZ-based combination with some anticancer agents (especially capecitabine) could be an effective treatment option for advanced low-intermediate grade NENs.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Abdel-Rahman
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fouad
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068258:Bevacizumab / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000069287:Capecitabine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003606:Dacarbazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000068338:Everolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015282:Octreotide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000077204:Temozolomide; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000068258:Bevacizumab; D013792:Thalidomide; D000069287:Capecitabine; D003606:Dacarbazine; D000068338:Everolimus; D015282:Octreotide; D000077204:Temozolomide
keywords: combination regimens; neuroendocrine neoplasms; systemic therapy; temozolomide