title: Hockey STAR: A Methodology for Assessing the Biomechanical Performance of Hockey Helmets.
abstract: Optimizing the protective capabilities of helmets is one of several methods of reducing brain injury risk in sports. This paper presents the experimental and analytical development of a hockey helmet evaluation methodology. The Summation of Tests for the Analysis of Risk (STAR) formula combines head impact exposure with brain injury probability over the broad range of 227 head impacts that a hockey player is likely to experience during one season. These impact exposure data are mapped to laboratory testing parameters using a series of 12 impact conditions comprised of three energy levels and four head impact locations, which include centric and non-centric directions of force. Injury risk is determined using a multivariate injury risk function that incorporates both linear and rotational head acceleration measurements. All testing parameters are presented along with exemplar helmet test data. The Hockey STAR methodology provides a scientific framework for manufacturers to optimize hockey helmet design for injury risk reduction, as well as providing consumers with a meaningful metric to assess the relative performance of hockey helmets.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, 313 Kelly Hall, 325 Stanger Street, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA. bethmv2@vt.edu.
authors.forename: Bethany
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rowson
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, 313 Kelly Hall, 325 Stanger Street, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rowson
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, 313 Kelly Hall, 325 Stanger Street, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
authors.forename: Stefan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Duma
mesh_terms: D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control; D006260:Head Protective Devices; D006688:Hockey; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008962:Models, Theoretical
keywords: Acceleration; Concussion; Impact; Linear; Risk; Rotational
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