title: Out of the Water: Origin and Diversification of the LBD Gene Family.
abstract: LBD (lateral organ boundaries domain) genes are essential to the developmental programs of many fundamental plant organs and function in some of the basic metabolic pathways of plants. However, our historical perspective on the roles of LBD genes during plant evolution has, heretofore, been fragmentary. Here, we show that the LBD gene family underwent an initial radiation that established five gene lineages in the ancestral genome of most charophyte algae and land plants. By inference, the LBD gene family originated after the emergence of the green plants (Viridiplantae), but prior to the diversification of most extant streptophytes. After this initial radiation, we find limited instances of gene family diversification in land plants until successive rounds of expansion in the ancestors of seed plants and flowering plants. The most dynamic phases of LBD gene evolution, therefore, trace to the aquatic ancestors of embryophytes followed by relatively recent lineage-specific expansions on land.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Florida Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida achander@ufl.edu.
authors.forename: Andre S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Chanderbali
authors.affiliation: College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Fengmei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida.
authors.forename: Pamela S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Soltis
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Florida Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida.
authors.forename: Douglas E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Soltis
mesh_terms: D057946:Charophyceae / Q000235:genetics*; D019669:Embryophyta / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Charophyte algae; LBD genes; Phylogenomics; Viridiplantae
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