title: Identity-specific coding of future rewards in the human orbitofrontal cortex.
abstract: Nervous systems must encode information about the identity of expected outcomes to make adaptive decisions. However, the neural mechanisms underlying identity-specific value signaling remain poorly understood. By manipulating the value and identity of appetizing food odors in a pattern-based imaging paradigm of human classical conditioning, we were able to identify dissociable predictive representations of identity-specific reward in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and identity-general reward in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Reward-related functional coupling between OFC and olfactory (piriform) cortex and between vmPFC and amygdala revealed parallel pathways that support identity-specific and -general predictive signaling. The demonstration of identity-specific value representations in OFC highlights a role for this region in model-based behavior and reveals mechanisms by which appetitive behavior can go awry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611; and.
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611; and.
authors.forename: Jay A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gottfried
authors.affiliation: Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8006, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Philippe N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Tobler
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611; and thorsten.kahnt@northwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3575-2670
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kahnt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001519:Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology; D009812:Odorants; D009915:Orbit / Q000502:physiology*; D010465:Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D012119:Respiration; D012201:Reward; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: associative learning; multivoxel pattern analysis; olfaction; reward value; ventromedial prefrontal cortex
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