title: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is upregulated in the brain of rats with acute pancreatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute pancreatitis (AP) has an effect on both inflammatory/autoimmune processes and psychological states, but the pathophysiological causes of pancreatic encephalopathy in the brain are unclear. We hypothesized that the peripheral immune/inflammatory response during AP can affect indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression and serotonin content in the brain.
  
  
  METHODS
  About 210 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: control (0 h) and 6 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h experimental groups. Acute pancreatitis was induced by an injection of a sodium taurocholate solution via a cannulated bile-pancreatic duct. We measured the plasma TNF-α and IL-6 levels; serotonin, 5-HIAA and the protein concentration levels of IDO and monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) were evaluated in the striatum, hippocampus and left prefrontal cortex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The IL-6 and the TNF-α levels increased in the 24 h, 48 h and 72 h groups. The IDO concentrations of both the 72 h group in the hippocampus and 48 h, 72 h groups in the prefrontal cortex increased; in the corpus striatum, the IDO concentrations fluctuated without statistical significance. The MAO-A protein concentration of the 6 h and 24 h groups decreased in the striatum, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. There were no statistically significant differences found in the serotonin and 5-HIAA concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During the process of AP, cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, may play a role in activation of neuronal pathways utilizing the metabolic enzyme IDO, which may play an important role in determining the mental symptomatology accompanying AP.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Xuan Wu Hospital of Capital Medical University, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Xuan Wu Hospital of Capital Medical University, China. Electronic address: feili36@ccmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery Laboratory, Xuan Wu Hospital of Capital Medical University, China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery Laboratory, Xuan Wu Hospital of Capital Medical University, China.
authors.forename: Haichen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery Laboratory, Xuan Wu Hospital of Capital Medical University, China.
authors.forename: Yeqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Central Laboratory, Xuan Wu Hospital of Capital Medical University, China.
authors.forename: Yanchuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Xuan Wu Hospital of Capital Medical University, China.
authors.forename: Chongchong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase
keywords: Acute pancreatitis; Cytokines; Indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase; Monoamine oxidase; Pancreatic encephalopathy; Serotonin