title: Isolation, identification, and characterization of the nematophagous fungus Monacrosporium salinum from China.
abstract: Nematophagous fungi are considered to have the best potential as biological agents for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in domestic animals. However, relatively few studies have been conducted with the genus Monacrosporium, especially with strains native to China. In the present study, we isolated and identified nematophagous fungi from fresh sheep feces. A pure fungal strain was molecularly characterized, and its nematophagous activity was evaluated. The morphological plasticity of the isolated strain, as well as its interaction with the nematode targets, was observed by scanning electron microscopy of the infected Trichostrongylus colubriformis L3 and the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Three isolated fungal strains from the 30 fresh fecal samples of sheep from Inner Mongolia, China exhibited predatory activity; however, only a single strain was successfully purified (SF 0459). The SF 0459 strain was characterized by morphological analysis of its conidia and sequencing of its ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 region. This strain was identified to be Monacrosporium salinum (GenBank ID: KP036623). Nematophagous fungus helper bacteria were found at the interaction points between fungi and nematodes. The percentage of live T. colubriformis L3 was reduced by 83.79-88.69% based on the in vitro assay.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China.
authors.forename: Bo-bo
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China.
authors.forename: Long-jie
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China.
authors.forename: Ming-yue
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China.
authors.forename: Kui-zheng
authors.initials: KZ
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China.
authors.forename: Ming-wang
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China.
authors.forename: Chun-lan
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China.
authors.forename: Lin-xin
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China.
authors.forename: De-qiong
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-shan
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jia-yan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China.
authors.forename: Shuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China.
authors.forename: Chun-rong
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China.
authors.forename: Tian-hui
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jian-wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000145:classification / Q000166:cytology / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology*; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000382:microbiology*; D002681:China; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012756:Sheep; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014254:Trichostrongylus / Q000382:microbiology*
keywords: Biological control; Caenorhabditis elegans; Monacrosporium salinum; Nematophagous fungus; Trichostrongylus colubriformis