title: Polysaccharides from Smilax glabra inhibit the pro-inflammatory mediators via ERK1/2 and JNK pathways in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells.
abstract: The rhizomes of Smilax glabra have been used as both food and folk medicine in many countries for a long time. However, little research has been reported on polysaccharides of S. glabra. In the present study, two polysaccharide fractions, SGP-1 and SGP-2, were isolated from the rhizomes of S. glabra with the number average molecular weights of 1.72 × 10(2)kDa and 1.31 × 10(2)kDa, and the weight average molecular weights of 1.31 × 10(5)kDa and 1.18 × 10(5)kDa, respectively, and their mainly monosaccharide compositions were both galactose and rhamnose (2.5:1). Both SGP-1 and SGP-2 significantly suppressed the release of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) from LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, as well as the mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), TNF-α and IL-6. Additionally, SGP-1 and SGP-2 repressed the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK). These findings strongly suggested polysaccharides were also the anti-inflammatory active ingredient for S. glabra, and the potential of SGP-1 and SGP-2 as the anti-inflammatory agents.
authors.affiliation: The Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510120, China.
authors.forename: Chuan-li
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: The Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510120, China.
authors.forename: Zhu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: The Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China.
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: The Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China.
authors.forename: Meng-mei
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: The Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China.
authors.forename: Wen-long
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510120, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-jie
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: The Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510120, China. Electronic address: luchuanjian888@vip.sina.com.
authors.forename: Chuan-jian
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D027343:Rhizome / Q000737:chemistry; D032281:Smilax / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: Anti-inflammation; Mechanism; Polysaccharides; RAW264.7 cell; Smilax glabra