title: Oligoclonal bands predict multiple sclerosis in children with optic neuritis.
abstract: We retrospectively evaluated predictors of conversion to multiple sclerosis (MS) in 357 children with isolated optic neuritis (ON) as a first demyelinating event who had a median follow-up of 4.0 years. Multiple Cox proportional-hazards regressions revealed abnormal cranial magnet resonance imaging (cMRI; hazard ratio [HR] = 5.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.39-10.39, p < 0.001), presence of cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulin G oligoclonal bands (OCB; HR = 3.69, 95% CI = 2.32-5.86, p < 0.001), and age (HR = 1.08 per year of age, 95% CI = 1.02-1.13, p = 0.003) as independent predictors of conversion, whereas sex and laterality (unilateral vs bilateral) had no influence. Combined cMRI and OCB positivity indicated a 26.84-fold higher HR for developing MS compared to double negativity (95% CI = 12.26-58.74, p < 0.001). Accordingly, cerebrospinal fluid analysis may supplement cMRI to determine the risk of MS in children with isolated ON.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital Aschaffenburg, Aschaffenburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Heussinger
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Informatics, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Evangelos
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kontopantelis
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropaediatrics, Developmental Neurology and Social Paediatrics, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Janina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gburek-Augustat
authors.affiliation: HELIOS Children's Hospital Wuppertal, University of Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jenke
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Gesa
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vollrath
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscular Disorders, Center of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Korinthenberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Neurology, Center of Paediatrics, University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hofstetter
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropediatrics, University Children's Hospital of Saarland, Homburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Sascha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Brecht
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kornek
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Herkenrath
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Mareike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schimmel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wenner
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics and Social Pediatrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Häusler
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropediatrics, Developmental Neurology, and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Soeren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lutz
authors.affiliation: Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology, and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karenfort
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blaschek
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurology, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smitka
authors.affiliation: University Hospital for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karch
authors.affiliation: Department for Neuropediatrics, Children's and Youth Hospital "Auf der Bult", Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piepkorn
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics I, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria and Pediatric Neurology, Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Datteln, Germany.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rostasy
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lücke
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuropediatrics and Developmental Medicine, University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Trollmann
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital Aschaffenburg, Aschaffenburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klepper
authors.affiliation: University Children's Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Häussler
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weissert
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropediatrics, Children's Hospital of the University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Merkenschlager
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buttmann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000473:pathology*; D043025:Oligoclonal Bands / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D009902:Optic Neuritis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D043025:Oligoclonal Bands