title: Diagnostic value of Wilms tumor 1 and CD44 in Langerhans cell sarcoma: case series of 4 patients.
abstract: Langerhans cell sarcoma (LCS) is a rare tumor with markedly malignant cytological features originating from Langerhans cells. LCS diagnosis is difficult and requires differentiation from other malignant tumors and Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). Immunochemical antibodies, such as langerin, S-100 protein, and CD1a, have been used to diagnose LCS, but the results are crossed with LCH. To determine more significant biomarkers of LCS, we studied the expression and distribution pattern of Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) and cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) in LCS. A broad panel of antibodies was used for immunohistochemical technology. Simultaneously, dual immunofluorescence staining examination and fluorescence in situ hybridization staining methods were used to study the location of WT1 and CD44 in LCS tumor cells. The results showed that tumor cells expressed WT1, CD44, and other special Langerhans cell markers (langerin, CD1a, and S-100 protein). LCS cells in all the cases showed normal cytogenetic findings without overexpression of WT1 and CD44. The expression of WT1 and CD44 was observed on langerin tumor cells by dual immunofluorescence staining examination in LCS. Our results suggest that WT1 and CD44 are potential biomarkers for LCS diagnosis. Clear understanding of their functional roles may further explain the pathogenesis of this highly malignant tumor and develop some novel immunotherapy strategies.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pathology (C-sW, Y-pC, W-hH, JY, PW, X-xL); Institute of Anal-Colorectal Surgery (C-fG), 150th Hospital, Luoyang, Henan; and Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery (HL), Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Chang-song
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yan-ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wei-hua
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Chun-fang
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xue-xia
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Lv
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood; D018949:Antigens, CD1 / Q000097:blood; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000097:blood*; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D054752:Langerhans Cell Sarcoma / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D037241:Mannose-Binding Lectins / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000097:blood; D009396:Wilms Tumor / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018949:Antigens, CD1; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C419393:CD1a antigen; C121916:CD207 protein, human; C497483:CD44 protein, human; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D037241:Mannose-Binding Lectins; D009418:S100 Proteins
references.citation: Auris Nasus Larynx. 2010 Dec;37(6):750-3
references.pmid: 20554413
references.citation: J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2011;30:110
references.pmid: 22133358
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1995 Feb;128(4):687-98
references.pmid: 7532176
references.citation: J Exp Med. 1997 Dec 15;186(12):1985-96
references.pmid: 9396767
references.citation: Cell Adhes Commun. 1995 Aug;3(3):217-30
references.pmid: 8846023
references.citation: J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003 Sep;49(3):527-9
references.pmid: 12963924
references.citation: Int J Hematol. 2007 Feb;85(2):116-20
references.pmid: 17321988
references.citation: Leuk Res. 2008 Sep;32(9):1393-9
references.pmid: 18457871
references.citation: EMBO J. 1999 Jul 15;18(14):3990-4003
references.pmid: 10406804
references.citation: Cancer Sci. 2004 Dec;95(12):930-5
references.pmid: 15596040
references.citation: Cancer. 1984 Jul 15;54(2):347-52
references.pmid: 6202393
references.citation: J Transl Med. 2011;9:209
references.pmid: 22152097
references.citation: Cancer Res. 1995 Nov 15;55(22):5386-9
references.pmid: 7585606
references.citation: Nat Cell Biol. 2002 Jun;4(6):399-407
references.pmid: 12032545
references.citation: Oncogene. 2004 Sep 9;23(41):6933-41
references.pmid: 15286719
references.citation: Cell. 1990 Feb 9;60(3):509-20
references.pmid: 2154335
references.citation: Cell Cycle. 2006 Jun;5(12):1249-53
references.pmid: 16760668
references.citation: Int J Surg Pathol. 2009 Aug;17(4):347-53
references.pmid: 18805873
references.citation: Int J Oncol. 2004 Mar;24(3):461-71
references.pmid: 14767530
references.citation: Onco Targets Ther. 2011;4:71-8
references.pmid: 21792314
references.citation: J Korean Med Sci. 2006 Jun;21(3):577-80
references.pmid: 16778410
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2008 Jan;1785(1):55-62
references.pmid: 17980713
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Apr 1;100(7):3983-8
references.pmid: 12629218
references.citation: Neoplasma. 2004;51(1):17-20
references.pmid: 15004653
references.citation: Blood. 1994 Nov 1;84(9):3071-9
references.pmid: 7949179
references.citation: Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2002 Nov;39(6):527-79
references.pmid: 12484499