title: A pentacyclic triterpene natural product, ursolic acid and its prodrug US597 inhibit targets within cell adhesion pathway and prevent cancer metastasis.
abstract: Here we showed that ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpene natural product, and its novel prodrug derivative US597 suppressed cancer cells adhesion, invasion and migration. This effect was accompanied by inhibition of focal adhesion signaling pathway including alterations in ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, P-selectin, integrin α6β1, FAK, Src, paxillin and PTEN. While oral administration of UA or US597 increases survival rate of melanoma lung metastasis in C57BL/6 mice, US597 treatment extend the survival rate above that of UA. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that US597 treatment regulates ICAM-1, a biomarker of metastasis. We did not detect side effects with US597 in mice such as weight loss, viscera tissues toxicity and blood cell abnormalities. Thus, UA and US597 are potential drug candidates for preventing cancer metastasis. Molecular and cellular study data suggest that UA and US597 modulate expression of cell adhesion molecules within focal adhesion signaling pathway leading to cancer cell motility.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
authors.forename: Qiao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
authors.forename: Minrui
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.affiliation: Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
authors.forename: Xiufen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.
authors.forename: Jianzhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
authors.forename: Rodney J Y
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
authors.forename: Jingwei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001688:Biological Products / Q000494:pharmacology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019073:HT29 Cells; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; D006801:Humans; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D053978:Pentacyclic Triterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000097245:Ursolic Acid
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D053978:Pentacyclic Triterpenes; D011355:Prodrugs; D014315:Triterpenes; D000097245:Ursolic Acid; C000603751:3-acetoxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid hexamethylenediamine
keywords: anti-metastasis; cell adhesion molecules; focal adhesion; integrin; ursolic acid
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