title: Social support, marital adjustment, and psychological distress among women with primary infertility in Pakistan.
abstract: This study aimed to identify prevalence rates of psychological distress among Pakistani women seeking help for primary infertility. The associations of social support, marital adjustment, and sociodemographic factors with psychological distress were also examined. A total of 177 women with primary infertility were interviewed from one hospital in Islamabad using a Self-Reporting Questionnaire, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment Test. The data were collected between November 2012 and March 2013. The prevalence of psychological distress was 37.3 percent. The results of the logistic regression suggested that marital adjustment and social support were significantly negatively associated with psychological distress in this sample. These associations were not confounded by any of the demographic variables controlled in the multivariable regression models. The role of perceived social support and adjustment in marriage among women experiencing primary infertility are important factors in understanding their psychological distress. The results of this small-scale effort highlight the need for social and familial awareness to help tackle the psychological distress related to infertility. Future research needs to focus on the way the experience of infertility is conditioned by social structural realities. New ways need to be developed to better take into account the process and nature of the infertility experience.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Behavioral Sciences , Fatima Jinnah Women University , Rawalpindi , Pakistan.
authors.forename: Farah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Qadir
authors.forename: Amna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khalid
authors.forename: Girmay
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Medhin
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000523:psychology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008393:Marriage / Q000523:psychology*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Pakistani women; infertility; marital adjustment; psychological distress; social support