title: Dietary diversity as a proxy measure of blood antioxidant status in women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dietary diversity is recognized as a key indicator of dietary quality. However, its association with blood antioxidant levels has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to assess the association of the dietary diversity score (DDS) with blood antioxidant status in women who attend the sports clubs of a municipality in western Tehran, Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 397 randomly selected women from the sport clubs of a Tehran municipality. Sociodemographic data were recorded and the women's weight and height were measured. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated by dividing the weight (kg) by height squared (m(2)). A 24-h recall questionnaire was used to estimate food intake. Biochemical indices, including serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and erythrocyte activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were measured in 90 women selected randomly from all participants. DDS was computed according to the guidelines of the Food and Agriculture Organization. The mean of SOD, TAC and GPx were compared across DDS quartiles after adjustment for age, education level, physical activity, energy intake, and BMI using analysis of covariance test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean of TAC, SOD, and GPx was linearly increased with increasing the quartile of DDS, after adjustment for age, education level, physical activity, energy intake, and BMI (Ptrend < 0.001). Significant differences were observed for intake of different food groups, except cereals and white roots, between the DDS quartiles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DDS is associated with blood antioxidant markers. Increasing the dietary diversity might be associated with a reduction in oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Elham
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Narmaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fereydoun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Siassi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular, Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.lastname: Fariba Koohdani
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, School of Public Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qorbani
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Farideh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shiraseb
authors.affiliation: Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Asal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ataie-Jafari
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: Gsotodeh@tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Gity
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sotoudeh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001827:Body Height / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Antioxidant status; Dietary diversity score; Women