title: Formation and reduction of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural at frying temperature in model system as a function of amino acid and sugar composition.
abstract: 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is formed during heat treatment of carbohydrate-containing foods, especially in a deep-fat frying process. This study aimed to investigate the effect of amino acids on the formation and reduction of HMF from glucose, fructose and sucrose at frying temperature in model systems containing binary mixtures of an amino acid and a sugar in equal concentrations (0.3M). The results revealed that the formation of HMF from sugars accelerated in the presence of acidic amino acids (i.e. glutamic and aspartic acids). Conversely, the presence of basic amino acids (i.e. lysine, arginine and histidine) led to reduced concentrations of HMF to non-detectable levels in model systems. The results showed that both pH and heating time significantly affected the formation of HMF from fructose in the presence of glutamic acid. In this regard, a higher amount of HMF was formed at lower pH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Teckno Azma, Accredited Laboratory in Fats and Oils, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Parviz
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kavousi
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hamed
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mirhosseini
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hasanah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ghazali
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: abdulazis@upm.edu.my.
authors.forename: Abdul Azis
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ariffin
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D003296:Cooking / Q000379:methods; D005662:Furaldehyde / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008956:Models, Chemical; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D002241:Carbohydrates; C008046:5-hydroxymethylfurfural; D005662:Furaldehyde
keywords: 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF); Amino acid; Deep-fat frying; Furanic compound; Model study; Sugar