title: Surgical treatment of pectoralis major tendon rupture (outcome assessment).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rupture of pectoralis major (PM) occurs most commonly as a result of an indirect mechanism associated with extensive tension on a maximally contracted muscle. Patients with PM tendon ruptures, classically present a history of sudden severe pain in arm and shoulder at the time of injury. Treatment options vary from conservative to operative. In cases with total or near-total injuries, surgical treatment by anatomic repair is generally advised, since conservative treatment may lead to poor results. The present paper reports 24 cases of surgically-treated ruptured PM while assessing the results.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2005 and 2010, 32 cases of unilaterally distal ruptured PM were surgically treated by the same surgeon and same technique, in two teaching hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All cases were followed postoperatively by physical examination and functional criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Since eight of the cases were lost from follow up, 24 cases were followed for at least one year. According to modified Kakwani system, 6 of our patients (25%) rated as excellent, 15 cases(62.5%) rated as good, 2 cases (8.33%) rated as fair and 1 case (4.1%) rated as poor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, we see that 87.5% of the patients had good to excellent results, according to modified Kakwani classification, after one year of follow up. So it seems that surgical repair of the pectoralis major ruptures will help the patients to return to their previous activities more frequently and we believe, to achieve better functional outcome. Meticulous surgical technique and attention to rehabilitation program are more important than delay in surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammadreza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guity
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharafat Vaziri
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shafiei
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgeon, Booshehr University of Medical Sciences, Booshehr, Iran.
authors.forename: Amirreza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farhoud
keywords: Bench Press; Bodybuilder; Muscle Rupture; Pectoralis Major Rupture
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