title: Aberrant immunostaining pattern of the CD24 glycoprotein in clinical samples and experimental models of pediatric medulloblastomas.
abstract: The CD24 glycoprotein is a mediator of neuronal proliferation, differentiation and immune suppression in the normal CNS, and a proposed cancer biomarker in multiple peripheral tumor types. We performed a comparative analysis of CD24 gene expression in a large cohort of pediatric and adult brain tumors (n = 813), and further characterized protein expression in tissue sections (n = 39), primary brain tumor cultures (n = 12) and a novel orthotopic group 3 medulloblastoma xenograft model. Increased CD24 gene expression was demonstrated in ependymomas, medulloblastomas, anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas, although medulloblastomas displayed higher expression than all other tumor entities. Preferential expression of CD24 in medulloblastomas was confirmed at protein level by immunostaining and computerized image analysis of cryosections. Morphologies and immunophenotyping of CD24(+) cells in tissue sections tentatively suggested disparate functions in different tumor subsets. Notably, protein staining of medulloblastoma cells was associated with prominent cytoplasmic and membranous granules, enabling rapid and robust identification of medulloblastoma cells in clinical tissue samples, as well as in experimental model systems. In conclusion, our results implicate CD24 as a clinically and experimentally useful medulloblastoma immunomarker. Although our results encourage further functional studies of CD24 as a potential molecular target in subsets of brain tumors, the promiscuous expression of CD24 in vivo highlights the importance of specificity in the future design of such targeted treatment.
authors.affiliation: Glioma Immunotherapy Group, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Barngatan 2B, 221 85, Lund, Sweden, emma.sanden@med.lu.se.
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sandén
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dyberg
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Krona
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Visse
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Carén
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Northcott
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kool
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ståhl
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Persson
authors.forename: Elisabet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Englund
authors.forename: John I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Johnsen
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Siesjö
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Darabi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051927:CD24 Antigen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002528:Cerebellar Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008527:Medulloblastoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051927:CD24 Antigen; C497889:CD24 protein, human
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