title: The impact of obesity on pediatric procedural sedation-related outcomes: results from the Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of obesity on adverse events and required interventions during pediatric procedural sedation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium database of prospectively collected procedural sedation encounters was queried to identify patients for whom body mass index (BMI) could be calculated. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥95th percentile for age and gender. Sedation-related outcomes, adverse events, and therapeutic interventions were compared between obese and nonobese patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For analysis, 28,792 records were eligible. A total of 5,153 patients (17.9%) were obese; they were predominantly male and older and had a higher median American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification (P < 0.001). Total adverse events were more common in obese patients (odds ratio [OR] 1.49, 95% confidence interval [1.31, 1.70]). Respiratory events (airway obstruction OR 1.94 [1.54, 2.44], oxygen desaturation OR 1.99 [1.50, 2.63], secretions OR 1.48 [1.01, 2.15], laryngospasm OR 2.30 [1.30, 4.05]), inability to complete the associated procedure (OR 1.96 [1.16, 3.30]), and prolonged recovery (OR 2.66 [1.26, 5.59]) were increased in obese patients. Obese patients more frequently required airway intervention including repositioning, suctioning, jaw thrust, airway adjuncts, and bag-valve-mask ventilation. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated obesity to be independently associated with minor and moderate but not major adverse events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obesity is an independent risk factor for adverse respiratory events during procedural sedation and is associated with an increased frequency of airway interventions, suggesting that additional vigilance and expertise are required when sedating these patients.
authors.affiliation: Children's Respiratory and Critical Care Specialists, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Patricia D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Scherrer
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Emergency Medicine Associates, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta at Scottish Rite Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Mallory
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Cravero
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, St Louis University at Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St Louis, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Lia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lowrie
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Alfred I duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA.
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hertzog
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Berkenbosch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D010372:Pediatrics; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: adverse events; complications; obesity; pediatric sedation; procedural sedation