title: Geometry-controllable graphene layers and their application for supercapacitors.
abstract: A facile and ultrafast method for geometry controllable and vertically transformative 3D graphene architectures is demonstrated. The 2D stacked graphene layers produced by exfoliation of graphite were transformed, e.g., from horizontal to vertical, by applying electric charge (-2 V with 1-3 μAh/cm2). The three-dimensionally transformed graphene layers have maximized surface area as well as high specific capacitance, 410 F g(-1) in LiClO4/PC electrolyte, which is 4.4 times higher than that of planar (stacked) graphene layers. Furthermore, they can remarkably exhibit 87% of retained capacitance as the scan rate is increased from 100 to 1000 mV s(-1), unlike planar graphene, which displays 61% retention under the same conditions.
authors.affiliation: †Sungkyunkwan Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 440-746 Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Soojeong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: ‡School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 440-746 Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Ha
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: ‡School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 440-746 Suwon, Republic of Korea.|§Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 440-746 Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Hyung
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: ‡School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 440-746 Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Misuk
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: †Sungkyunkwan Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 440-746 Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Bum
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: ‡School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 440-746 Suwon, Republic of Korea.|§Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 440-746 Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-il
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: †Sungkyunkwan Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 440-746 Suwon, Republic of Korea.|‡School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 440-746 Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Youngkwan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: geometry control; graphene; polystyrene sulfonate (PSS); supercapacitor