title: Genetic basis of the highly efficient yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus: complete genome sequence and transcriptome analyses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High-temperature fermentation technology with thermotolerant microbes has been expected to reduce the cost of bioconversion of cellulosic biomass to fuels or chemicals. Thermotolerant Kluyveromyces marxianus possesses intrinsic abilities to ferment and assimilate a wide variety of substrates including xylose and to efficiently produce proteins. These capabilities have been found to exceed those of the traditional ethanol producer Saccharomyces cerevisiae or lignocellulose-bioconvertible ethanologenic Scheffersomyces stipitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The complete genome sequence of K. marxianus DMKU 3-1042 as one of the most thermotolerant strains in the same species has been determined. A comparison of its genomic information with those of other yeasts and transcriptome analysis revealed that the yeast bears beneficial properties of temperature resistance, wide-range bioconversion ability, and production of recombinant proteins. The transcriptome analysis clarified distinctive metabolic pathways under three different growth conditions, static culture, high temperature, and xylose medium, in comparison to the control condition of glucose medium under a shaking condition at 30°C. Interestingly, the yeast appears to overcome the issue of reactive oxygen species, which tend to accumulate under all three conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study reveals many gene resources for the ability to assimilate various sugars in addition to species-specific genes in K. marxianus, and the molecular basis of its attractive traits for industrial applications including high-temperature fermentation. Especially, the thermotolerance trait may be achieved by an integrated mechanism consisting of various strategies. Gene resources and transcriptome data of the yeast are particularly useful for fundamental and applied researches for innovative applications.
authors.affiliation: Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, 755-8505 Japan.|Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand.
authors.forename: Noppon
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lertwattanasakul
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515 Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kosaka
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0066 Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hosoyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genome Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8562 Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, 755-8505 Japan.|Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand.
authors.forename: Nadchanok
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rodrussamee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515 Japan.
authors.forename: Minenosuke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsutani
authors.affiliation: Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, 755-8505 Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.affiliation: Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, 755-8505 Japan.
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.affiliation: Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, 755-8505 Japan.
authors.lastname: Suprayogi
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0066 Japan.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuchikane
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand.
authors.forename: Savitree
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Limtong
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0066 Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.affiliation: Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, 755-8505 Japan.|Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515 Japan.
authors.forename: Mamoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamada
keywords: Complete genome sequence; Kluyveromyces marxianus; Thermotolerant yeast; Transcriptome analysis; Xylose fermentation
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