title: Evaluation of the filling ability of artificial lateral canals using calcium silicate-based and epoxy resin-based endodontic sealers and two gutta-percha filling techniques.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the ability of a calcium silicate-based sealer (iRoot SP) and an epoxy resin-based sealer (Topseal) using two gutta-percha filling techniques to fill artificial lateral canals (ALCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy single-rooted human teeth were selected. Ten of these were used to obtain pilot data. Three ALCs were produced on mesial and distal surfaces of each root, one in each third, using size 10 engine reamers. The roots were randomly assigned to four experimental groups according to the filling technique and sealer used: 1, cold gutta-percha (single-point technique) with iRoot SP (SP-iR); 2, cold gutta-percha (single-point technique) with Topseal (SP-T); 3, continuous wave of condensation technique with iRoot SP (CWC-iR); and 4, continuous wave of condensation technique with Topseal (CWC-T). Digital periapical radiographs were taken. After the sealer had set, the roots were demineralized, cleared in methyl-salicylate and examined under a stereomicroscope. The depth of penetration of sealer and/or gutta-percha into the ALC was scored using a 5-point system, conducting an analysis on four surfaces. Filling scores of 0-1 were considered not acceptable, whilst scores of 2-4 were considered acceptable. Pearson's chi-square test was used to compare the experimental groups (P < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  CWC-T was associated with the highest acceptable filling (57.8%), followed by CWC-iR (53.3%), SP-T (48.9%) and SP-iR (36.7%). Only when SP-iR was compared to the other groups, was the difference significant (P < 0.05). The apical third was associated with the lowest acceptable filling (37.5%). It was followed, in ascending order, by the middle (51.6%) and coronal thirds (58.3%). These differences were significant only when the apical thirds were compared to the other root thirds (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The calcium silicate-based sealer with continuous wave of condensation was more effective in artificial filling lateral canals than the single-point technique. The epoxy resin-based sealer with both filling techniques was effective in artificial filling lateral canals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics and Research Group in Basic and Clinical Sciences in Dentistry (CBO), School of Dentistry, CES University, Medellín, Colombia.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics and Research Group in Basic and Clinical Sciences in Dentistry (CBO), School of Dentistry, CES University, Medellín, Colombia.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Restrepo
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics and Research Group in Basic and Clinical Sciences in Dentistry (CBO), School of Dentistry, CES University, Medellín, Colombia.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Aristizábal
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Research Committee, School of Dentistry, CES University and University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Álvarez
mesh_terms: D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D004853:Epoxy Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011897:Random Allocation; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D012389:Root Canal Obturation / Q000379:methods*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000379:methods; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C115110:Topseal; C000621519:iRoot SP; D006171:Gutta-Percha; C031293:calcium silicate
keywords: Topseal; artificial lateral canal; filling technique; gutta-percha; iRoot SP; sealer