title: Effect of different endodontic regeneration protocols on wettability, roughness, and chemical composition of surface dentin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated the changes in physiochemical properties of dentin surfaces after performing different endodontic regeneration protocols.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human dentin slices were randomized into 4 treatment groups and 1 untreated control group (n = 10). One treatment group was irrigated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 5 minutes followed by EDTA for 10 minutes. The other 3 treatment groups were irrigated with NaOCl; treated for 4 weeks with triple antibiotic paste (TAP), diluted triple antibiotic paste (DTAP), or calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]2); and then irrigated with EDTA. After treatment, contact angles between a blood analog and dentin surfaces were evaluated. Surface roughness and chemical composition were characterized using optical profilometry and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, respectively. One-way analysis of variance followed by Fisher least significant difference tests were used for statistical analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All treatment groups showed a significant reduction in wettability and a significant increase in surface roughness when compared with untreated dentin. Dentin treated with Ca(OH)2 had significantly lower wettability compared with all other groups. No significant difference in wettability was found between dentin treated with DTAP and TAP protocols. Dentin treated with TAP had significantly higher surface roughness compared with all other groups. Untreated dentin and NaOCl + EDTA-treated dentin had significantly higher calcium and phosphorus as well as significantly lower carbon compared with dentin treated with Ca(OH)2, DTAP, and TAP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endodontic regeneration protocols had a significant effect on wettability, surface roughness, and chemical composition of surface dentin. The Ca(OH)2 protocol caused a significant reduction in dentin wettability compared with TAP or DTAP protocols.
authors.affiliation: Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. Electronic address: gyassen@iupui.edu.
authors.forename: Ghaeth H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Yassen
authors.affiliation: Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: Alaa H A
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Sabrah
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: George J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Eckert
authors.affiliation: Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Platt
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D003804:Dentin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects*; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008963:Molar; D009824:Ointments; D012038:Regeneration; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000494:pharmacology; D013499:Surface Properties; D017155:Wettability
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D009824:Ointments; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D004492:Edetic Acid; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide
keywords: Calcium hydroxide; dentin; endodontic regeneration; surface roughness; triple antibiotic paste; wettability