title: Relationship between trusting behaviors and psychometrics associated with social network and depression among young generation: a pilot study.
abstract: Maladaptive social interaction and its related psychopathology have been highlighted in psychiatry especially among younger generations. In Japan, novel expressive forms of psychiatric phenomena such as "modern-type depression" and "hikikomori" (a syndrome of severe social withdrawal lasting for at least six months) have been reported especially among young people. Economic games such as the trust game have been utilized to evaluate real-world interpersonal relationships as a novel candidate for psychiatric evaluations. To investigate the relationship between trusting behaviors and various psychometric scales, we conducted a trust game experiment with eighty-one Japanese university students as a pilot study. Participants made a risky financial decision about whether to trust each of 40 photographed partners. Participants then answered a set of questionnaires with seven scales including the Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS)-6 and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9. Consistent with previous research, male participants trusted partners more than female participants. Regression analysis revealed that LSNS-family (perceived support from family) for male participants, and item 8 of PHQ-9 (subjective agitation and/or retardation) for female participants were associated with participants' trusting behaviors. Consistent with claims by social scientists, our data suggest that, for males, support from family was negatively associated with cooperative behavior toward non-family members. Females with higher subjective agitation (and/or retardation) gave less money toward males and high attractive females, but not toward low attractive females in interpersonal relationships. We believe that our data indicate the possible impact of economic games in psychiatric research and clinical practice, and validation in clinical samples including modern-type depression and hikikomori should be investigated.
authors.affiliation: School of Business, Monash University, Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 46150, Malaysia; Organization for Japan-US studies, Waseda University, Building No 120. 513, Waseda Tsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 1620041, Japan.
authors.forename: Motoki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan; Brain Research Unit, Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road (R&D 66), Portland, Oregon 97239, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States of America.
authors.forename: Alan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Teo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Horikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, South 1, West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 0608543, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tateno
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan.
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan.
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shimokawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigenobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanba
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005717:Games, Experimental; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011594:Psychometrics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D035502:Trust; D055815:Young Adult
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