title: Tear Osmolarity and Ocular Surface Parameters as Diagnostic Markers of Ocular Graft-Versus-Host Disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the diagnostic value of tear osmolarity and several ocular surface parameters in screening for ocular surface alterations in ocular graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-three patients with ocular GVHD and 74 healthy participants were screened for ocular surface changes using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), tear osmolarity, Schirmer test, tear break-up time (TBUT), and fluorescein corneal staining. The severity of ocular GVHD was diagnosed according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) grading system. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity and cutoff values were determined for each ocular parameter using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) analysis. Significance was defined at P < .05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The tear osmolarity, corneal staining score, and OSDI score gradually increased as the severity of ocular GVHD increased, and Schirmer value gradually decreased as the GVHD grade increased in severity. The Schirmer test showed greatest diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for ocular GVHD (92.1% sensitivity, 85.7% specificity, cutoff = 9 mm), followed by the TBUT (87.3% sensitivity, 75.0% specificity, cutoff = 6 s), tear osmolarity (98.4% sensitivity, 60.7% specificity, cutoff = 311 mOsm/L), corneal staining score (66.7% sensitivity, 82.1% specificity, cutoff = 2), and OSDI score (77.8% sensitivity, 66.1% specificity, cutoff = 20.8).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multiple diagnostic modalities should be used to detect ocular surface changes in GVHD patients. The severity of ocular GVHD can be effectively monitored using tear osmolarity; however, additional studies are required.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea; Laboratory of Visual Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Kyung-Sun
authors: KS
authors: Na
authors: Laboratory of Visual Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Young-Sik
authors: YS
authors: Yoo
authors: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea; Laboratory of Visual Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Kyu-Yeon
authors: KY
authors: Hwang
authors: Laboratory of Visual Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Jee-Won
authors: JW
authors: Mok
authors: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea; Laboratory of Visual Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: ckjoo@catholic.ac.kr.
authors: Choun-Ki
authors: CK
authors: Joo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D015415:Biomarkers; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015590:Fluorophotometry; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods; D013666:Tears / Q000737:chemistry*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers