title: The parental origin correlates with the karyotype of human embryos developing from tripronuclear zygotes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has previously been suggested that embryos developing from intracytoplasmic sperm-injected (ICSI) zygotes with three pronuclei (3PN) are endowed with a mechanism for self-correction of triploidy to diploidy. 3PN are also observed in zygotes after conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF). The parental origin, however, differs between the two fertilization methods. Whereas the vast majority of 3PN IVF zygotes are of dispermic origin and thus more likely to have two centrioles, the 3PN ICSI zygotes are digynic in origin and therefore, more likely to have one centriole. In the present study, we examine whether the parental origin of 3PN embryos correlates with the karyotype.
  
  
  METHODS
  The karyotype of each nucleus was estimated using four sequential fluorescence in situ hybridizations-each with two probes-resulting in quantitative information of 8 different chromosomes. The karyotypes were then compared and correlated to the parental origin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  3PN ICSI embryos displayed a significantly larger and more coordinated reduction from the assumed initial 3 sets of chromosomes than 3PN IVF embryos.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The differences in the parental origin-and hence the number of centrioles-between the 3PN IVF and the 3PN ICSI zygotes are likely to be the cause of the differences in karyotypes.
authors: Department of Clinical Genetics, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark. ; Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors: Mette Warming
authors: MW
authors: Joergensen
authors: Department of Mathematics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors: Rodrigo
authors: R
authors: Labouriau
authors: The Fertility Clinic and Centre for Preimplantation Genetic diagnosis, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark.
authors: Johnny
authors: J
authors: Hindkjaer
authors: Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors: Magnus
authors: M
authors: Stougaard
authors: Department of Clinical Genetics, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark.
authors: Steen
authors: S
authors: Kolevraa
authors: Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors: Lars
authors: L
authors: Bolund
authors: The Fertility Clinic, Horsens Hospital, Horsens, Denmark.
authors: Inge Errebo
authors: IE
authors: Agerholm
authors: Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. ; Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark.
authors: Lone
authors: L
authors: Sunde
keywords: Centrioles; Embryos; Human; Ploidy; Preimplantation; Tripronuclear