title: Metabolomic profiling in tomato reveals diel compositional changes in fruit affected by source-sink relationships.
abstract: A detailed study of the diurnal compositional changes was performed in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Moneymaker) leaves and fruits. Plants were cultivated in a commercial greenhouse under two growth conditions: control and shaded. Expanding fruits and the closest mature leaves were harvested during two different day/night cycles (cloudy or sunny day). High-throughput robotized biochemical phenotyping of major compounds, as well as proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry metabolomic profiling, were used to measure the contents of about 70 metabolites in the leaves and 60 metabolites in the fruits, in parallel with ecophysiological measurements. Metabolite data were processed using multivariate, univariate, or clustering analyses and correlation networks. The shaded carbon-limited plants adjusted their leaf area, decreased their sink carbon demand and showed subtle compositional modifications. For source leaves, several metabolites varied along a diel cycle, including those directly linked to photosynthesis and photorespiration. These metabolites peaked at midday in both conditions and diel cycles as expected. However, transitory carbon storage was limited in tomato leaves. In fruits, fewer metabolites showed diel fluctuations, which were also of lower amplitude. Several organic acids were among the fluctuating metabolites. Diel patterns observed in leaves and especially in fruits differed between the cloudy and sunny days, and between the two conditions. Relationships between compositional changes in leaves and fruits are in agreement with the fact that several metabolic processes of the fruit appeared linked to its momentary supply of sucrose.
authors: INRA, UR1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, Domaine St Paul, Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon, France INRA, UMR1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors: Camille
authors: C
authors: Bénard
authors: INRA, UMR1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors: Stéphane
authors: S
authors: Bernillon
authors: INRA, UMR1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors: Benoît
authors: B
authors: Biais
authors: Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Málaga, Spain.
authors: Sonia
authors: S
authors: Osorio
authors: Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France Univ. Bordeaux, UMR1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors: Mickaël
authors: M
authors: Maucourt
authors: INRA, UMR1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors: Patricia
authors: P
authors: Ballias
authors: INRA, UMR1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors: Catherine
authors: C
authors: Deborde
authors: INRA, UMR1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors: Sophie
authors: S
authors: Colombié
authors: Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France Univ. Bordeaux, UMR1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors: Cécile
authors: C
authors: Cabasson
authors: INRA, UMR1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Jacob
authors: INRA, UR1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, Domaine St Paul, Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon, France.
authors: Gilles
authors: G
authors: Vercambre
authors: INRA, UR1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, Domaine St Paul, Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon, France.
authors: Hélène
authors: H
authors: Gautier
authors: Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France Univ. Bordeaux, UMR1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors: Dominique
authors: D
authors: Rolin
authors: INRA, UR1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, Domaine St Paul, Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon, France.
authors: Michel
authors: M
authors: Génard
authors: Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
authors: Alisdair R
authors: AR
authors: Fernie
authors: INRA, UMR1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors: Yves
authors: Y
authors: Gibon
authors: INRA, UMR1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France moing@bordeaux.inra.fr.
authors: Annick
authors: A
authors: Moing
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism*; D057965:Carbon Sequestration; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D005638:Fruit / Q000378:metabolism*; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000378:metabolism*; D055432:Metabolomics; D010788:Photosynthesis; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism; D013395:Sucrose / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D013395:Sucrose; D002244:Carbon
keywords: 1H-NMR; Diurnal changes; MS; Solanum lycopersicum.; fruit metabolism; metabolomics