title: Incidence of Late-Stage Age-Related Macular Degeneration in American Whites: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate incidence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by subtype in American whites aged ≥50 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic review and meta-analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort studies of AMD incidence in populations of white European ancestry published in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen publications in 10 populations that examined AMD incident cases were identified.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on age-sex-specific incidence of late AMD, geographic atrophy (GA) and neovascular AMD (NVAMD), year of recruitment, AMD grading method, and continent were extracted.
  
  
  METHODS
  Annual incidence of late AMD, GA, and NVAMD by age-sex in American whites aged ≥50 years from a Bayesian meta-analysis of incidence studies was compared with incidence extrapolated from published prevalence estimates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incidence rates from the review agreed with those derived from prevalence, but the latter were based on more data, especially at older ages and by AMD subtypes. Annual incidence (estimated from prevalence) of late AMD in American whites was 3.5 per 1000 aged ≥50 years (95% credible interval 2.5, 4.7 per 1000), equivalent to 293 000 new cases in American whites per year (95% credible interval 207 000, 400 000). Incidence rates approximately quadrupled per decade in age. Annual incidence GA rates were 1.9 per 1000 aged ≥50 years, NVAMD rates were 1.8 per 1000. Late AMD incidence was 38% higher in women vs men (95% credible interval 6%, 82%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Estimating AMD incidence from prevalence allows better characterization at older ages and by AMD subtype where longitudinal data from incidence studies are limited.
authors: Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: arudnick@sgul.ac.uk.
authors: Alicja R
authors: AR
authors: Rudnicka
authors: Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
authors: Venediktos V
authors: VV
authors: Kapetanakis
authors: Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
authors: Zakariya
authors: Z
authors: Jarrar
authors: Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
authors: Andrea K
authors: AK
authors: Wathern
authors: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Wormald
authors: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
authors: Astrid E
authors: AE
authors: Fletcher
authors: Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
authors: Derek G
authors: DG
authors: Cook
authors: Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
authors: Christopher G
authors: CG
authors: Owen
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D057092:Geographic Atrophy / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D057135:Wet Macular Degeneration / Q000208:ethnology*; D044465:White People