title: Effect of linear alkylbenzene mixtures and sanitary sewage in biochemical and molecular responses in pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas.
abstract: Urban effluents are rich in nutrients, organic matter, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), pesticides, hydrocarbons, surfactants, and others. Previous studies have shown that oysters Crassostrea gigas accumulate significant levels of linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) in sanitary sewage contaminated sites, but there is little information about its toxicological effects in marine bivalves. The aim of this study was to analyze the transcription of genes in two tissues of C. gigas exposed for 12, 24, and 36 h to LABs or sanitary sewage. Likewise, the activity of antioxidant and biotransformation enzymes was measured in oysters exposed for 36 h in all groups. Oysters exposed to LABs and oysters exposed to sanitary sewage showed different patterns of transcriptional responses. LAB-exposed oysters showed lower level of biological responses than the oysters exposed to sanitary sewage. Despite the ability of the oyster C. gigas to accumulate LABs (28-fold), the data indicate that these contaminants are not the cause for the transcriptional responses observed in oysters exposed to sanitary sewage. Possibly, the biological changes observed in the sanitary sewage-exposed oysters are associated with the presence of other contaminants, which might have caused synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effects. The results show that FABP-like and GST-ω-like messenger RNAs (mRNAs) have a rapid response in tissues of oyster C. gigas exposed to sanitary sewage, suggesting a possible protective response and a role in maintaining homeostasis of these organisms.
authors: Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry-LABCAI, Federal University Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors: Fabrício
authors: F
authors: Flores-Nunes
authors: Aquaculture Pathology Research Center-NEPAQ, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors: Jacó J
authors: JJ
authors: Mattos
authors: Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry-LABCAI, Federal University Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors: Flávia L
authors: FL
authors: Zacchi
authors: Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry-LABCAI, Federal University Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors: Miguel A S
authors: MA
authors: Serrano
authors: Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry-LABCAI, Federal University Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors: Clei E
authors: CE
authors: Piazza
authors: Laboratory of Marine Organic Chemistry-LABQOM, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Silvio T
authors: ST
authors: Sasaki
authors: Laboratory of Marine Organic Chemistry-LABQOM, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Satie
authors: S
authors: Taniguchi
authors: Laboratory of Marine Organic Chemistry-LABQOM, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Márcia C
authors: MC
authors: Bicego
authors: Laboratory of Marine Mollusks-LMM, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors: Cláudio M R
authors: CM
authors: Melo
authors: Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry-LABCAI, Federal University Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil. afonso.bainy@ufsc.br.
authors: Afonso C D
authors: AC
authors: Bainy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001555:Benzene Derivatives / Q000633:toxicity*; D049896:Crassostrea / Q000187:drug effects*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D001555:Benzene Derivatives; D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Antioxidant enzymes; Crassostrea gigas; Differential gene transcriptions; Linear alkylbenzenes; Sanitary sewage