title: Extractability of Low Molecular Mass Flavanols and Flavonols from Red Grape Skins. Relationship to Cell Wall Composition at Different Ripeness Stages.
abstract: Flavonol and flavan-3-ol extractabilities from red grape skins were evaluated in Tempranillo grapes harvested at different ripeness stages and with different soluble solid contents within each stage. Flavan-3-ol extractability is related to ripeness stage and also to cell wall composition, mainly to arabinogalactans (AG), mannans, rhamnogalacturonans-I (RG-I), homogalacturonans (HG), xyloglucans (XG), and total polysaccharides content, which are negatively correlated to flavan-3-ol extractability, whereas soluble solid content did not exert any influence on their extraction. Moreover, procyanidin extraction is more strongly related to cell wall composition than prodelphinidin extraction. Flavonol extractability was not influenced by insoluble material contents; although some cell wall components presented a relationship with flavonol extractability, the presence of AG and mannans would decrease total flavonol extractability, whereas protein is positively related to total and major flavonol compounds (i.e., quercetin and myricetin derivatives). The different behaviors observed between those two groups of polyphenol compounds could be due to different tissue and cellular location.
authors: Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatologı́a, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca , Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
authors: Natalia
authors: N
authors: Quijada-Morín
authors: Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla , 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
authors: José Miguel
authors: JM
authors: Hernández-Hierro
authors: Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatologı́a, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca , Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
authors: Julián C
authors: JC
authors: Rivas-Gonzalo
authors: Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatologı́a, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca , Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
authors: M Teresa
authors: MT
authors: Escribano-Bailón
mesh_terms: D002473:Cell Wall / Q000737:chemistry*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D044948:Flavonols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development*; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D044948:Flavonols; D010936:Plant Extracts; C404987:flavan-3-ol
keywords: cell wall; flavan-3-ol extractability; flavonol extractability; grape skins