title: The therapeutic effects of docosahexaenoic acid on oestrogen/androgen-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats.
abstract: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the major disorders of the urinary system in elderly men. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is the main component of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) and has nerve protective, anti-inflammatory and tumour-growth inhibitory effects. Here, the therapeutic potential of DHA in treating BPH was investigated. Seal oil effectively prevented the development of prostatic hyperplasia induced by oestradiol/testosterone in a rat model by suppressing the increase of the prostatic index (PI), reducing the thickness of the peri-glandular smooth muscle layer, inhibiting the proliferation of both prostate epithelial and stromal cells, and downregulating the expression of androgen receptor (AR) and oestrogen receptor α (ERα). An in vitro study showed that DHA inhibited the growth of the human prostate stromal cell line WPMY-1 and the epithelial cell line RWPE-1 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In both cell lines, the DHA arrested the cell cycle in the G2/M phase. In addition, DHA also reduced the expression of ERα and AR in the WPMY-1 and RWPE-1 cells. These results indicate that DHA inhibits the multiplication of prostate stromal and epithelial cells through a mechanism that may involve cell cycle arrest and the downregulation of ERα and AR expression.
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Bioactive Materials Key Lab of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors: Chao
authors: C
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, China.
authors: Fei
authors: F
authors: Luo
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Bioactive Materials Key Lab of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Zhou
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Bioactive Materials Key Lab of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors: Xiaoling
authors: X
authors: Du
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Bioactive Materials Key Lab of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors: Jiandang
authors: J
authors: Shi
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Bioactive Materials Key Lab of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors: Xiaoling
authors: X
authors: Zhao
authors: Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, China.
authors: Yong
authors: Y
authors: Xu
authors: Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Zhu
authors: Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China. Electronic address: hongwei@tijmu.edu.cn.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Hong
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Bioactive Materials Key Lab of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. Electronic address: zhangju@nankai.edu.cn.
authors: Ju
authors: J
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D002369:Castration; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D056744:Cyclin B1 / Q000378:metabolism; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000009:adverse effects; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004967:Estrogens / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016195:G2 Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008938:Mitosis / Q000187:drug effects; D009821:Oils / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D011467:Prostate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D013739:Testosterone / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D056744:Cyclin B1; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D004967:Estrogens; D009821:Oils; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol
keywords: Androgen receptor; Benign prostatic hyperplasia; Cell cycle; Docosahexaenoic acid; Oestrogen receptor α