title: Presence of gingivitis and periodontitis significantly increases hospital charges in patients undergoing heart valve surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the prevalence and impact of gingivitis and periodontitis in patients having heart valve surgical procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nationwide Inpatient Sample for the years 2004-2010 was used. All patients who had heart valve surgical procedures were selected. Prevalence of gingivitis/periodontitis was examined in these patients. Impact of gingivitis/periodontitis on hospital charges, length of stay, and infectious complications was examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  596,190 patients had heart valve surgical procedures. Gingivitis/periodontitis was present in 0.2 percent. Outcomes included: median hospital charges ($175,418 with gingivitis/ periodontitis versus $149,353 without gingivitis/periodontitis) and median length of stay (14 days with gingivitis/periodontitis versus 8 days without gingivitis/periodontitis). After adjusting for the effects of patient- and hospital-level confounding factors, hospital charges and length of stay were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in those with gingivitis/periodontitis compared to their counterparts. Further, patients with gingivitis/periodontitis had significantly higher odds for having bacterial infections (OR = 3.41, 95% CI = 2.33-4.98, p < 0.0001) when compared to those without gingivitis/periodontitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Presence of gingivitis and periodontitis is associated with higher risk for bacterial infections and significant hospital resource utilization.
authors: Veerasathpurush
authors: V
authors: Allareddy
authors: Satheesh
authors: S
authors: Elangovan
authors: Sankeerth
authors: S
authors: Rampa
authors: Kyungsup
authors: K
authors: Shin
authors: Romesh P
authors: RP
authors: Nalliah
authors: Veerajalandhar
authors: V
authors: Allareddy
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000601:surgery; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017722:Hospital Charges / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D017057:Medically Uninsured / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000601:surgery; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018805:Sepsis / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology