title: Dolutegravir inhibits HIV-1 Env evolution in primary human cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In treatment-naive HIV-positive individuals, the integrase strand-transfer inhibitor dolutegravir (DTG) has not been associated with emergent drug-resistance mutations, neither against this drug nor against other antiretroviral drugs that were used in combination with it. This is in contrast to all other antiretroviral drugs tested so far, including the integrase strand-transfer inhibitors raltegravir (RAL) and elvitegravir that can lead to treatment failure with the emergence of drug-resistance mutations.
  
  
  METHODS
  These observations suggest that DTG may provide an additional protection against resistance compared to other drugs by decreasing HIV-1 genetic evolution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here, we tested this hypothesis by measuring the genetic and amino-acid diversity of Env/gp160 from two HIV-1 primary isolates that were grown in the presence of increasing concentrations of DTG or RAL over the course of 38-55 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results show that treatment with DTG led to less HIV-1 genetic and amino-acid diversification over time, as compared to treatment with RAL or the absence of drug.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results may help to explain the absence of emergent resistance mutations in treatment-naive individuals treated with DTG.
authors: aMcGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal bDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine cDivision of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada. *Thibault Mesplède, Daniela Moïsi, and Maureen Oliveira contributed equally to the writing of this article.
authors: Thibault
authors: T
authors: Mesplède
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Moïsi
authors: Maureen
authors: M
authors: Oliveira
authors: Ilinca
authors: I
authors: Ibanescu
authors: Frédéric
authors: F
authors: Ohnona
authors: Bluma
authors: B
authors: Brenner
authors: Mark A
authors: MA
authors: Wainberg
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D014644:Genetic Variation; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D006575:Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D059645:Mutation Rate; D010078:Oxazines; D010879:Piperazines; D011728:Pyridones; D000068898:Raltegravir Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology; D012692:Serial Passage; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics*; D000099226:Dolutegravir
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D006575:Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring; D010078:Oxazines; D010879:Piperazines; D011728:Pyridones; D000068898:Raltegravir Potassium; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D000099226:Dolutegravir