title: Characterization of short root anomaly in a Mexican cohort--hereditary idiopathic root malformation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to systematically characterize individuals with short root anomaly (SRA) without any history of orthodontic treatment. The long-term objective of the study was to improve diagnosis and treatment planning and determine risk factors for developing SRA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven patients including two families and 16 unrelated individuals from (9-48 years) reported to orthodontic and/or dental practitioners within the USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Digital panoramic and periapical films were analyzed to document pattern and frequency of SRA-affected teeth. Crown-to-root (CR) ratios of the affected teeth were used to characterize the extent of malformation. Pedigree analysis by inspection was completed for one family to determine pattern of inheritance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six of the twenty-seven individuals were of Latino descent, and one was of Filipino descent. Hard tissues including enamel, dentin, pulp chambers and canals, and surrounding soft tissues were normal. We found that 25 of 27 individuals had localized SRA and two Latino individuals had generalized SRA. Teeth were affected bilaterally with maxillary central incisors (~63%) and mandibular second premolars most commonly involved (~33%). Affected teeth had a distinct, similar radiographic appearance; in the generalized cases, there was a more severe affection with larger (~twice) CR ratios. Ninety-four percent of affected individuals did not show a significant difference in the CR ratios at different ages. Pedigree analysis suggests an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern in one family.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report to show that SRA occurs more frequently in Latino individuals and has a predilection for anterior teeth. The occurrence of SRA in two families further confirms a hereditary component and supports a distinct nosology and nomenclature, hereditary idiopathic root malformation (HIRM) and warrants further investigation.
authors: Operative Dentistry Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors: C P
authors: CP
authors: Puranik
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Hill
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Henderson Jeffries
authors: S N
authors: SN
authors: Harrell
authors: R W
authors: RW
authors: Taylor
authors: S A
authors: SA
authors: Frazier-Bowers
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000002:abnormalities; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005799:Genes, Dominant / Q000235:genetics; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000002:abnormalities; D040582:Inheritance Patterns / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D017058:Mexican Americans / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D009811:Odontometry / Q000379:methods; D010375:Pedigree; D016300:Radiography, Bitewing / Q000379:methods; D019252:Radiography, Dental, Digital / Q000379:methods; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019228:Tooth Crown / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: crown-root ratio; hereditary root malformation; idiopathic root malformation; root malformation; short root anomaly