title: Diet rich in high glucoraphanin broccoli reduces plasma LDL cholesterol: Evidence from randomised controlled trials.
abstract: METHODS
  Cruciferous-rich diets have been associated with reduction in plasma LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), which may be due to the action of isothiocyanates derived from glucosinolates that accumulate in these vegetables. This study tests the hypothesis that a diet rich in high glucoraphanin (HG) broccoli will reduce plasma LDL-C.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and thirty volunteers were recruited to two independent double-blind, randomly allocated parallel dietary intervention studies, and were assigned to consume either 400 g standard broccoli or 400 g HG broccoli per week for 12 weeks. Plasma lipids were quantified before and after the intervention. In study 1 (37 volunteers), the HG broccoli diet reduced plasma LDL-C by 7.1% (95% CI: -1.8%, -12.3%, p = 0.011), whereas standard broccoli reduced LDL-C by 1.8% (95% CI +3.9%, -7.5%, ns). In study 2 (93 volunteers), the HG broccoli diet resulted in a reduction of 5.1% (95% CI: -2.1%, -8.1%, p = 0.001), whereas standard broccoli reduced LDL-C by 2.5% (95% CI: +0.8%, -5.7%, ns). When data from the two studies were combined the reduction in LDL-C by the HG broccoli was significantly greater than standard broccoli (p = 0.031).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evidence from two independent human studies indicates that consumption of high glucoraphanin broccoli significantly reduces plasma LDL-C.
authors: Food and Health Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich, UK.
authors: Charlotte N
authors: CN
authors: Armah
authors: Christos
authors: C
authors: Derdemezis
authors: Maria H
authors: MH
authors: Traka
authors: Jack R
authors: JR
authors: Dainty
authors: Joanne F
authors: JF
authors: Doleman
authors: Shikha
authors: S
authors: Saha
authors: Wing
authors: W
authors: Leung
authors: John F
authors: JF
authors: Potter
authors: Julie A
authors: JA
authors: Lovegrove
authors: Richard F
authors: RF
authors: Mithen
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D000368:Aged; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D001937:Brassica; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005961:Glucosinolates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007096:Imidoesters / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010091:Oximes; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000502:physiology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013454:Sulfoxides
chemical_list: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D005961:Glucosinolates; D007096:Imidoesters; D010091:Oximes; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D013454:Sulfoxides; C494929:PTEN protein, human; C119494:glucoraphanin
keywords: Broccoli; Cholesterol; Glucoraphanin; Sulforaphane