title: Vision and eye health: moving into the digital age with instrument-based vision screening.
abstract: Significant advancements in vision screening research are leading to improved design, functionality, and reliability of screening tools. Presently, two vision screening approaches are available to school nurses for children ages 3 years and older: optotype-based screening and instrument-based screening. Optotype-based screening pertains to tests of visual acuity using optotypes (e.g., pictures, letters, and numbers), which children identify to determine visual acuity. Instrument-based screening pertains to automated devices that measure amblyogenic risk factors, such as refractive error, media opacities, and eye misalignment. Differences between the two approaches; best and acceptable practice recommendations for both approaches; unacceptable tests of visual acuity; and best, acceptable, and unacceptable occluders are described.
authors: Director, Vision and Eye Health Initiatives for The Good-Lite Company and consultant for School Health Corporation, Elgin, IL.
authors: P Kay
authors: PK
authors: Nottingham Chaplin
authors: Director, NCCVEH at Prevent Blindness, Chicago, IL.
authors: Kira
authors: K
authors: Baldonado
authors: Associate Professor of Ophthalmology, Atlanta, GA.
authors: Amy
authors: A
authors: Hutchinson
authors: Marcus Professor of Pediatric Studies, Boston, MA.
authors: Bruce
authors: B
authors: Moore
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000550:Amblyopia / Q000175:diagnosis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009907:Optometry / Q000379:methods; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000175:diagnosis; D012573:School Nursing / Q000458:organization & administration*; D013285:Strabismus / Q000175:diagnosis; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000451:nursing; D015351:Vision Screening / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D015348:Vision, Binocular; D014792:Visual Acuity
keywords: HOTV; LEA symbols; Sloan letters; instrument-based screening; occluders; optotype-based screening; preschool vision screening; school-age vision screening