title: Patterned Carboxylation of Graphene Using Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy.
abstract: A simple, direct, and versatile scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) approach for local carboxylation of multilayered graphene on nickel is demonstrated, in which carbon dioxide serves as the carboxylation agent under reductive conditions in N,N-dimethylformamide. The use of SECM gives control over both the spatial dimensions and the degree of carboxylation. While the pattern size, in general, is governed by the dimension of the SECM tip, the degree of modification, expressed as the surface coverage of carboxylate groups introduced at the graphene substrate, is found to be controlled by the electrolysis time. This is supported by electrochemical measurements, two-dimensional X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy mapping, and He ion microscopy. Surprisingly, intercalation of the supporting electrolyte in the multilayered graphene on nickel occurs to a relatively small extent when compared to corresponding results obtained in previously described carboxylations of this kind of multilayered graphene.
authors: †Physicochimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux (PHENIX), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
authors: Kristian
authors: K
authors: Torbensen
authors: ‡Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
authors: Mikkel
authors: M
authors: Kongsfelt
authors: ‡Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
authors: Kyoko
authors: K
authors: Shimizu
authors: ‡Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
authors: Emil B
authors: EB
authors: Pedersen
authors: ‡Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
authors: Troels
authors: T
authors: Skrydstrup
authors: ‡Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
authors: Steen U
authors: SU
authors: Pedersen
authors: ‡Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
authors: Kim
authors: K
authors: Daasbjerg