title: Progress of PTSD symptoms following birth: a prospective study in mothers of high-risk infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To understand how postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in mothers of high-risk infants progress and identify what factors predict postpartum PTSD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively obtained self-reported psychological data from neonatal intensive care unit discharged infants' mothers (NICU mothers) at the infants' corrected ages of 1 (T0), 3 (T1) and 12 months (T2) and mothers of healthy infants (controls). Maternal sociodemographic and infant-related factors were also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PTSD was present in 25 and 9% of NICU mothers and controls, respectively. We identified four PTSD patterns: none, persistent, delayed and recovered. The postpartum PTSD course was associated with trait anxiety. Whether the infant was the first child who predicted PTSD at year 1 (adjusted odds ratio=7.62, 95% confidence interval=1.07 to 54.52).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mothers of high-risk infants can develop early or late PTSD, and its course can be influenced by factors besides medical status. We therefore recommend regular screenings of postpartum PTSD.
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: W J
authors: WJ
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: K R
authors: KR
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Namkoong
authors: Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: E S
authors: ES
authors: Park
authors: Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: D-w
authors: DW
authors: Rha
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015931:Intensive Care, Neonatal; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D057566:Self Report; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis*