title: Biomechanical patterns of text-message distraction.
abstract: The objective of this study was to identify biomechanical measures that can distinguish texting distraction in a laboratory-simulated driving environment. The goal would be to use this information to provide an intervention for risky driving behaviour. Sixteen subjects participated in this study. Three independent variables were tested: task (texting, visual targeting, weighted and non-weighted movements), task direction (front and side) and task distance (close and far). Dependent variables consisted of biomechanical moments, head displacement and the length of time to complete each task. Results revealed that the time to complete each task was higher for texting compared to other tasks. Peak moments during texting were only distinguishable from visual targeting. Peak head displacement and cumulative biomechanical exposure measures indicated that texting can be distinguished from other tasks. Therefore, it may be useful to take into account both temporal and biomechanical measures when considering warning systems to detect texting distraction.
authors: a Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Integrated Systems Engineering, The Ohio State University , 210 Baker Systems Engineering, 1971 Neil Avenue, Columbus , OH 43210 , USA.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Le
authors: a Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Integrated Systems Engineering, The Ohio State University , 210 Baker Systems Engineering, 1971 Neil Avenue, Columbus , OH 43210 , USA.
authors: Jaejin
authors: J
authors: Hwang
authors: a Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Integrated Systems Engineering, The Ohio State University , 210 Baker Systems Engineering, 1971 Neil Avenue, Columbus , OH 43210 , USA.
authors: Sarah
authors: S
authors: Grawe
authors: a Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Integrated Systems Engineering, The Ohio State University , 210 Baker Systems Engineering, 1971 Neil Avenue, Columbus , OH 43210 , USA.
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Li
authors: a Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Integrated Systems Engineering, The Ohio State University , 210 Baker Systems Engineering, 1971 Neil Avenue, Columbus , OH 43210 , USA.
authors: Alison
authors: A
authors: Snyder
authors: a Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Integrated Systems Engineering, The Ohio State University , 210 Baker Systems Engineering, 1971 Neil Avenue, Columbus , OH 43210 , USA.
authors: Christina
authors: C
authors: Lee
authors: a Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Integrated Systems Engineering, The Ohio State University , 210 Baker Systems Engineering, 1971 Neil Avenue, Columbus , OH 43210 , USA.
authors: William S
authors: WS
authors: Marras
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D040421:Cell Phone; D003198:Computer Simulation; D000071826:Distracted Driving; D005260:Female; D006257:Head; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D012309:Risk-Taking; D060145:Text Messaging; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: cell phone distraction; mobile phone distraction; text-messaging; texting