title: Morphological effects of mitomycin C on urothelial responses to experimentally-induced urethral stricture in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the urothelial responses to mitomycin C treatment after urethral injury in rats, as the urothelium might play a role in the pathogenesis of urethral stricture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups (n = 5/group): negative control, positive control without further treatment, experimental control treated with sodium hyaluronate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and experimental treated with mitomycin C after internal urethrotomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with negative controls, positive controls showed a significant increase in cell proliferation and DNA damage accompanied by a considerable decrease in DNA repair in the urothelium, which resulted in urethral stricture. Experimental controls showed a significant increase in cell proliferation, DNA damage and DNA repair compared with negative controls. The mitomycin C-treated group showed a significant decrease in cell proliferation and DNA damage, but a considerable increase in DNA repair compared with the positive and experimental control groups. DNA damage was immediately increased after urethral injury, but DNA repair and cell proliferation showed belated and upregulated expression after mitomycin C treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mitomycin C could induce healthy re-epithelialization without severe damage in the urothelium. This finding might support the possibility of using mitomycin C as an adjuvant therapy for urethral strictures, and it might also suggest a urothelial role in the process of urethral stricture after urethral injury.
authors: Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chosun University.
authors: In Youb
authors: IY
authors: Chang
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoulpaik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul.
authors: Jin Nam
authors: JN
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju.
authors: Sun-Ouck
authors: SO
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Nursing, School of Natural Science, Songwon University, Gwangju.
authors: Misook
authors: M
authors: Han
authors: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University.
authors: Jung-Sik
authors: JS
authors: Huh
authors: Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University.
authors: Young Hee
authors: YH
authors: Maeng
authors: Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.
authors: Sang Pil
authors: SP
authors: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004249:DNA Damage; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008297:Male; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014521:Urethra / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D014525:Urethral Stricture / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019459:Urothelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; D016685:Mitomycin
keywords: apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1; mitomycin C; proliferating cell nuclear antigen; urethral stricture; urothelium