title: Longitudinal Relationships between Reproductive Hormones and Cognitive Decline in Older Men: The Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The longitudinal relationship between declining levels of reproductive hormones and cognitive function remains unclear in older men.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to examine the temporal relationship between changes in major reproductive hormone levels and cognitive decline over time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Men age 70 years and older from the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project (CHAMP) were assessed at baseline (2005-2007; n = 1705), 2-year followup (2007-2009; n = 1367), and 5-year followup (2010-2013; n = 958).
  
  
  METHODS
  At all assessments, T, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estradiol (E2), and estrone (E1) were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and SHBG, LH, and FSH by immunoassay. Dementia was diagnosed at baseline by clinical assessment and review by a specialist panel. Cognitive function was measured at all three assessments by the Mini Mental State Examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the baseline reproductive hormones predicted cognitive decline in men without dementia over 5 years. However, the change in serum hormones over time was associated with cognitive decline. In univariate analysis, change in all the studied hormones, except for E2, was significantly associated with cognitive decline. However, in multivariate-adjusted models accounting for potential confounders, only change in serum T (β = 0.067), DHT (β = 0.394), calculated free T (β = 0.005), and E1 (β = 0.009) remained significantly associated (P < .05) with cognitive decline. Men who had dementia at baseline had significantly greater decline in serum T levels, but not in other studied hormones, over the 5 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings show that decline in androgen status is associated with cognitive decline in older men, but the causality of this association requires further elucidation.
authors: School of Public Health (B.H., R.G.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; Centre of Education and Research on Ageing (B.H., R.G.C., L.M.W., F.M.B., V.N., D.G.L.C.), and ANZAC Research Institute (R.G.C., D.G.L.C., M.J.S., D.J.H.), University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, Sydney 2139, Australia.
authors: Benjumin
authors: B
authors: Hsu
authors: School of Public Health (B.H., R.G.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; Centre of Education and Research on Ageing (B.H., R.G.C., L.M.W., F.M.B., V.N., D.G.L.C.), and ANZAC Research Institute (R.G.C., D.G.L.C., M.J.S., D.J.H.), University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, Sydney 2139, Australia.
authors: Robert G
authors: RG
authors: Cumming
authors: School of Public Health (B.H., R.G.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; Centre of Education and Research on Ageing (B.H., R.G.C., L.M.W., F.M.B., V.N., D.G.L.C.), and ANZAC Research Institute (R.G.C., D.G.L.C., M.J.S., D.J.H.), University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, Sydney 2139, Australia.
authors: Louise M
authors: LM
authors: Waite
authors: School of Public Health (B.H., R.G.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; Centre of Education and Research on Ageing (B.H., R.G.C., L.M.W., F.M.B., V.N., D.G.L.C.), and ANZAC Research Institute (R.G.C., D.G.L.C., M.J.S., D.J.H.), University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, Sydney 2139, Australia.
authors: Fiona M
authors: FM
authors: Blyth
authors: School of Public Health (B.H., R.G.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; Centre of Education and Research on Ageing (B.H., R.G.C., L.M.W., F.M.B., V.N., D.G.L.C.), and ANZAC Research Institute (R.G.C., D.G.L.C., M.J.S., D.J.H.), University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, Sydney 2139, Australia.
authors: Vasi
authors: V
authors: Naganathan
authors: School of Public Health (B.H., R.G.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; Centre of Education and Research on Ageing (B.H., R.G.C., L.M.W., F.M.B., V.N., D.G.L.C.), and ANZAC Research Institute (R.G.C., D.G.L.C., M.J.S., D.J.H.), University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, Sydney 2139, Australia.
authors: David G
authors: DG
authors: Le Couteur
authors: School of Public Health (B.H., R.G.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; Centre of Education and Research on Ageing (B.H., R.G.C., L.M.W., F.M.B., V.N., D.G.L.C.), and ANZAC Research Institute (R.G.C., D.G.L.C., M.J.S., D.J.H.), University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, Sydney 2139, Australia.
authors: Markus J
authors: MJ
authors: Seibel
authors: School of Public Health (B.H., R.G.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; Centre of Education and Research on Ageing (B.H., R.G.C., L.M.W., F.M.B., V.N., D.G.L.C.), and ANZAC Research Institute (R.G.C., D.G.L.C., M.J.S., D.J.H.), University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, Sydney 2139, Australia.
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Handelsman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood* / Q000523:psychology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000097:blood*; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000097:blood; D003704:Dementia / Q000097:blood; D013196:Dihydrotestosterone / Q000097:blood; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D004970:Estrone / Q000097:blood; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000378:metabolism; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D013196:Dihydrotestosterone; D004970:Estrone; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol