title: Driving speed of young novice and experienced drivers in simulated hazard anticipation scenes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we aimed to demonstrate analysis methods that are sensitive to speed-related differences between experienced and young novice drivers. These differences may be linked to determining which group is better at anticipating hazards.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Awareness of hazardous situations, especially potential ones, is a major discriminator between experienced and young novice drivers who tend to misidentify potential hazards in the traffic environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experienced and young novice drivers were asked to drive a sequence of 14 scenarios in a driving simulator. Scenarios were created in two city areas, residential and business district, and included various types of hazards. Group homogeneity of speed for each group of drivers was computed for each scenario, and two business district scenarios were subjected to piecewise linear regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group homogeneity analysis showed consistent and significant experience-based differences across all scenarios, revealing that the experienced drivers as a group were more homogenous in choosing their driving speed. Differences between groups were larger in the business district where speed was less restricted. Piecewise linear regression analysis revealed that experienced drivers approached uncontrolled intersections by slowing down and responded earlier to materialized events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Young novice drivers were more likely than experienced drivers to choose diverse values of speed at any given road section, presumably due to their poor awareness of potential and hidden hazards. Unlike other analysis methods, it is argued that group homogeneity of speed is a more sensitive measurement to reveal these gaps.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Speed management could be the basis of future hazard anticipation simulator assessments.
authors: Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
authors: Yisrael
authors: Y
authors: Parmet
authors: Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
authors: Avinoam
authors: A
authors: Borowsky
authors: Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
authors: Omri
authors: O
authors: Yona
authors: Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel orontal@bgu.ac.il.
authors: Tal
authors: T
authors: Oron-Gilad
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001334:Automobile Driving; D001364:Awareness / Q000502:physiology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009038:Motion; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: driving simulator; experienced drivers; hazard anticipation; speed management; young novice drivers