title: Uremic myopathy: is oxidative stress implicated in muscle dysfunction in uremia?
abstract: Renal failure is accompanied by progressive muscle weakness and premature fatigue, in part linked to hypokinesis and in part to uremic toxicity. These changes are associated with various detrimental biochemical and morphological alterations. All of these pathological parameters are collectively termed uremic myopathy. Various interventions while helpful can't fully remedy the pathological phenotype. Complex mechanisms that stimulate muscle dysfunction in uremia have been proposed, and oxidative stress could be implicated. Skeletal muscles continuously produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) at rest and more so during contraction. The aim of this mini review is to provide an update on recent advances in our understanding of how ROS and RNS generation might contribute to muscle dysfunction in uremia. Thus, a systematic review was conducted searching PubMed and Scopus by using the Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines. While few studies met our criteria their findings are discussed making reference to other available literature data. Oxidative stress can direct muscle cells into a catabolic state and chronic exposure to it leads to wasting. Moreover, redox disturbances can significantly affect force production per se. We conclude that oxidative stress can be in part responsible for some aspects of uremic myopathy. Further research is needed to discern clear mechanisms and to help efforts to counteract muscle weakness and exercise intolerance in uremic patients.
authors: Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences (DPESS), School of Physical Education (PE), University of Thessaly Trikala, Greece.
authors: Antonia
authors: A
authors: Kaltsatou
authors: Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences (DPESS), School of Physical Education (PE), University of Thessaly Trikala, Greece ; Institute for Research and Technology-Centre for Research and Technology Hellas Trikala, Greece.
authors: Giorgos K
authors: GK
authors: Sakkas
authors: Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences (DPESS), School of Physical Education (PE), University of Thessaly Trikala, Greece.
authors: Konstantina P
authors: KP
authors: Poulianiti
authors: Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences (DPESS), School of Physical Education (PE), University of Thessaly Trikala, Greece.
authors: Yiannis
authors: Y
authors: Koutedakis
authors: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly Larissa, Greece.
authors: Konstantinos
authors: K
authors: Tepetes
authors: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly Larissa, Greece.
authors: Grigorios
authors: G
authors: Christodoulidis
authors: Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly Larissa, Greece.
authors: Ioannis
authors: I
authors: Stefanidis
authors: Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences (DPESS), School of Physical Education (PE), University of Thessaly Trikala, Greece.
authors: Christina
authors: C
authors: Karatzaferi
keywords: muscle dysfunction; muscle weakness; oxidative stress; premature fatigue; uremia; uremic myopathy