title: Tools for Anopheles gambiae Transgenesis.
abstract: Transgenesis is an essential tool to investigate gene function and to introduce desired characters in laboratory organisms. Setting-up transgenesis in non-model organisms is challenging due to the diversity of biological life traits and due to knowledge gaps in genomic information. Some procedures will be broadly applicable to many organisms, and others have to be specifically developed for the target species. Transgenesis in disease vector mosquitoes has existed since the 2000s but has remained limited by the delicate biology of these insects. Here, we report a compilation of the transgenesis tools that we have designed for the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae, including new docking strains, convenient transgenesis plasmids, a puromycin resistance selection marker, mosquitoes expressing cre recombinase, and various reporter lines defining the activity of cloned promoters. This toolbox contributed to rendering transgenesis routine in this species and is now enabling the development of increasingly refined genetic manipulations such as targeted mutagenesis. Some of the reagents and procedures reported here are easily transferable to other nonmodel species, including other disease vector or agricultural pest insects.
authors: INSERM U963, CNRS UPR9022, Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67084 Strasbourg, France.
authors: Gloria
authors: G
authors: Volohonsky
authors: INSERM U963, CNRS UPR9022, Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67084 Strasbourg, France.
authors: Olivier
authors: O
authors: Terenzi
authors: INSERM U963, CNRS UPR9022, Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67084 Strasbourg, France.
authors: Julien
authors: J
authors: Soichot
authors: Imperial College London, Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Imperial College Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
authors: Daniel A
authors: DA
authors: Naujoks
authors: Imperial College London, Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Imperial College Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
authors: Tony
authors: T
authors: Nolan
authors: Imperial College London, Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Imperial College Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
authors: Nikolai
authors: N
authors: Windbichler
authors: INSERM U963, CNRS UPR9022, Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67084 Strasbourg, France.
authors: Delphine
authors: D
authors: Kapps
authors: INSERM U963, CNRS UPR9022, Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67084 Strasbourg, France.
authors: Andrea L
authors: AL
authors: Smidler
authors: INSERM U963, CNRS UPR9022, Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67084 Strasbourg, France.
authors: Anaïs
authors: A
authors: Vittu
authors: Department of Vector Biology, Max-Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors: Giulia
authors: G
authors: Costa
authors: INSERM U963, CNRS UPR9022, Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67084 Strasbourg, France.
authors: Stefanie
authors: S
authors: Steinert
authors: Department of Vector Biology, Max-Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors: Elena A
authors: EA
authors: Levashina
authors: INSERM U963, CNRS UPR9022, Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67084 Strasbourg, France.
authors: Stéphanie A
authors: SA
authors: Blandin
authors: INSERM U963, CNRS UPR9022, Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67084 Strasbourg, France e.marois@unistra.fr.
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Marois
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D000852:Anopheles / Q000235:genetics*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003062:Codon / Q000235:genetics; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000235:genetics; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D017344:Genes, Insect; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000378:metabolism; D019426:Integrases / Q000378:metabolism; D007814:Larva / Q000235:genetics; D008845:Microinjections; D009030:Mosaicism; D010063:Ovum / Q000378:metabolism; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D019076:Transgenes; D019895:Transposases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003062:Codon; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; C045073:Cre recombinase; D019426:Integrases; D019895:Transposases
keywords: circumsporozoite protein; codon usage; cre recombinase; phage ΦC31 attP docking sites; puromycin; transgenesis vectors