title: Treatment and clinical outcomes of transcatheter heart valve thrombosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Valve thrombosis has yet to be fully evaluated after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. This study aimed to report the prevalence, timing, and treatment of transcatheter heart valve (THV) thrombosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  THV thrombosis was defined as follows (1) THV dysfunction secondary to thrombosis diagnosed based on response to anticoagulation therapy, imaging modality or histopathology findings, or (2) mobile mass detected on THV suspicious of thrombus, irrespective of dysfunction and in absence of infection. Between January 2008 and September 2013, 26 (0.61%) THV thromboses were reported out of 4266 patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation in 12 centers. Of the 26 cases detected, 20 were detected in the Edwards Sapien/Sapien XT cohort and 6 in the Medtronic CoreValve cohort. In patients diagnosed with THV thrombosis, the median time to THV thrombosis post-transcatheter aortic valve implantation was 181 days (interquartile range, 45-313). The most common clinical presentation was exertional dyspnea (n=17; 65%), whereas 8 (31%) patients had no worsening symptoms. Echocardiographic findings included a markedly elevated mean aortic valve pressure gradient (40.5±14.0 mm Hg), presence of thickened leaflets or thrombotic apposition of leaflets in 20 (77%) and a thrombotic mass on the leaflets in the remaining 6 (23%) patients. In 23 (88%) patients, anticoagulation resulted in a significant decrease of the aortic valve pressure gradient within 2 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  THV thrombosis is a rare phenomenon that was detected within the first 2 years after transcatheter aortic valve implantation and usually presented with dyspnea and increased gradients. Anticoagulation seems to have been effective and should be considered even in patients without visible thrombus on echocardiography.
authors: From the Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Interventional Cardiology Unit, EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Heart Center, Segeberger Kliniken GmbH, Bad Segeberg, Germany (M.A.-W., G.R.); Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.); Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories, Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Italy (L.C., E.S.); Division of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (M.B., J.G.W.); Division of Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (H.B., G.K.); Interventional Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel (A.F.); Department of Cardiology, CHU de Liege, Liege, Belgium (V.L.); Department of Cardiology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain (J.S.d.L.); Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Universite´ Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France (D.M.-Z., A.V.); Deaprtment of Cardiology, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.-C.L.); Columbia University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (M.B.L.); and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (F.M., O.A.). info@emocolumbus.it.
authors: Azeem
authors: A
authors: Latib
authors: From the Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Interventional Cardiology Unit, EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Heart Center, Segeberger Kliniken GmbH, Bad Segeberg, Germany (M.A.-W., G.R.); Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.); Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories, Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Italy (L.C., E.S.); Division of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (M.B., J.G.W.); Division of Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (H.B., G.K.); Interventional Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel (A.F.); Department of Cardiology, CHU de Liege, Liege, Belgium (V.L.); Department of Cardiology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain (J.S.d.L.); Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Universite´ Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France (D.M.-Z., A.V.); Deaprtment of Cardiology, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.-C.L.); Columbia University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (M.B.L.); and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (F.M., O.A.).
authors: Toru
authors: T
authors: Naganuma
authors: From the Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Interventional Cardiology Unit, EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Heart Center, Segeberger Kliniken GmbH, Bad Segeberg, Germany (M.A.-W., G.R.); Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.); Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories, Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Italy (L.C., E.S.); Division of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (M.B., J.G.W.); Division of Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (H.B., G.K.); Interventional Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel (A.F.); Department of Cardiology, CHU de Liege, Liege, Belgium (V.L.); Department of Cardiology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain (J.S.d.L.); Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Universite´ Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France (D.M.-Z., A.V.); Deaprtment of Cardiology, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.-C.L.); Columbia University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (M.B.L.); and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (F.M., O.A.).
authors: Mohamed
authors: M
authors: Abdel-Wahab
authors: From the Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Interventional Cardiology Unit, EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Heart Center, Segeberger Kliniken GmbH, Bad Segeberg, Germany (M.A.-W., G.R.); Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.); Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories, Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Italy (L.C., E.S.); Division of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (M.B., J.G.W.); Division of Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (H.B., G.K.); Interventional Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel (A.F.); Department of Cardiology, CHU de Liege, Liege, Belgium (V.L.); Department of Cardiology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain (J.S.d.L.); Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Universite´ Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France (D.M.-Z., A.V.); Deaprtment of Cardiology, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.-C.L.); Columbia University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (M.B.L.); and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (F.M., O.A.).
authors: Haim
authors: H
authors: Danenberg
authors: From the Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Interventional Cardiology Unit, EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Heart Center, Segeberger Kliniken GmbH, Bad Segeberg, Germany (M.A.-W., G.R.); Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.); Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories, Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Italy (L.C., E.S.); Division of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (M.B., J.G.W.); Division of Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (H.B., G.K.); Interventional Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel (A.F.); Department of Cardiology, CHU de Liege, Liege, Belgium (V.L.); Department of Cardiology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain (J.S.d.L.); Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Universite´ Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France (D.M.-Z., A.V.); Deaprtment of Cardiology, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.-C.L.); Columbia University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (M.B.L.); and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (F.M., O.A.).
authors: Linda
authors: L
authors: Cota
authors: From the Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Interventional Cardiology Unit, EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Heart Center, Segeberger Kliniken GmbH, Bad Segeberg, Germany (M.A.-W., G.R.); Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.); Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories, Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Italy (L.C., E.S.); Division of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (M.B., J.G.W.); Division of Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (H.B., G.K.); Interventional Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel (A.F.); Department of Cardiology, CHU de Liege, Liege, Belgium (V.L.); Department of Cardiology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain (J.S.d.L.); Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Universite´ Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France (D.M.-Z., A.V.); Deaprtment of Cardiology, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.-C.L.); Columbia University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (M.B.L.); and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (F.M., O.A.).
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Barbanti
authors: From the Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Interventional Cardiology Unit, EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Heart Center, Segeberger Kliniken GmbH, Bad Segeberg, Germany (M.A.-W., G.R.); Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.); Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories, Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Italy (L.C., E.S.); Division of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (M.B., J.G.W.); Division of Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (H.B., G.K.); Interventional Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel (A.F.); Department of Cardiology, CHU de Liege, Liege, Belgium (V.L.); Department of Cardiology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain (J.S.d.L.); Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Universite´ Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France (D.M.-Z., A.V.); Deaprtment of Cardiology, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.-C.L.); Columbia University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (M.B.L.); and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (F.M., O.A.).
authors: Helmut
authors: H
authors: Baumgartner
authors: From the Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Interventional Cardiology Unit, EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Heart Center, Segeberger Kliniken GmbH, Bad Segeberg, Germany (M.A.-W., G.R.); Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.); Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories, Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Italy (L.C., E.S.); Division of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (M.B., J.G.W.); Division of Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (H.B., G.K.); Interventional Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel (A.F.); Department of Cardiology, CHU de Liege, Liege, Belgium (V.L.); Department of Cardiology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain (J.S.d.L.); Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Universite´ Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France (D.M.-Z., A.V.); Deaprtment of Cardiology, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.-C.L.); Columbia University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (M.B.L.); and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (F.M., O.A.).
authors: Ariel
authors: A
authors: Finkelstein
authors: From the Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Interventional Cardiology Unit, EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Heart Center, Segeberger Kliniken GmbH, Bad Segeberg, Germany (M.A.-W., G.R.); Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.); Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories, Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Italy (L.C., E.S.); Division of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (M.B., J.G.W.); Division of Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (H.B., G.K.); Interventional Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel (A.F.); Department of Cardiology, CHU de Liege, Liege, Belgium (V.L.); Department of Cardiology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain (J.S.d.L.); Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Universite´ Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France (D.M.-Z., A.V.); Deaprtment of Cardiology, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.-C.L.); Columbia University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (M.B.L.); and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (F.M., O.A.).
authors: Victor
authors: V
authors: Legrand
authors: From the Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Interventional Cardiology Unit, EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Heart Center, Segeberger Kliniken GmbH, Bad Segeberg, Germany (M.A.-W., G.R.); Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.); Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories, Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Italy (L.C., E.S.); Division of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (M.B., J.G.W.); Division of Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (H.B., G.K.); Interventional Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel (A.F.); Department of Cardiology, CHU de Liege, Liege, Belgium (V.L.); Department of Cardiology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain (J.S.d.L.); Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Universite´ Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France (D.M.-Z., A.V.); Deaprtment of Cardiology, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.-C.L.); Columbia University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (M.B.L.); and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (F.M., O.A.).
authors: José Suárez
authors: JS
authors: de Lezo
authors: From the Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Interventional Cardiology Unit, EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Heart Center, Segeberger Kliniken GmbH, Bad Segeberg, Germany (M.A.-W., G.R.); Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.); Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories, Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Italy (L.C., E.S.); Division of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (M.B., J.G.W.); Division of Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (H.B., G.K.); Interventional Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel (A.F.); Department of Cardiology, CHU de Liege, Liege, Belgium (V.L.); Department of Cardiology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain (J.S.d.L.); Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Universite´ Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France (D.M.-Z., A.V.); Deaprtment of Cardiology, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.-C.L.); Columbia University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (M.B.L.); and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (F.M., O.A.).
authors: Joelle
authors: J
authors: Kefer
authors: From the Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Interventional Cardiology Unit, EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Heart Center, Segeberger Kliniken GmbH, Bad Segeberg, Germany (M.A.-W., G.R.); Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.); Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories, Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Italy (L.C., E.S.); Division of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (M.B., J.G.W.); Division of Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (H.B., G.K.); Interventional Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel (A.F.); Department of Cardiology, CHU de Liege, Liege, Belgium (V.L.); Department of Cardiology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain (J.S.d.L.); Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Universite´ Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France (D.M.-Z., A.V.); Deaprtment of Cardiology, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.-C.L.); Columbia University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (M.B.L.); and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (F.M., O.A.).
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Messika-Zeitoun
authors: From the Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Interventional Cardiology Unit, EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Heart Center, Segeberger Kliniken GmbH, Bad Segeberg, Germany (M.A.-W., G.R.); Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.); Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories, Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Italy (L.C., E.S.); Division of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (M.B., J.G.W.); Division of Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (H.B., G.K.); Interventional Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel (A.F.); Department of Cardiology, CHU de Liege, Liege, Belgium (V.L.); Department of Cardiology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain (J.S.d.L.); Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Universite´ Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France (D.M.-Z., A.V.); Deaprtment of Cardiology, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.-C.L.); Columbia University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (M.B.L.); and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (F.M., O.A.).
authors: Gert
authors: G
authors: Richardt
authors: From the Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Interventional Cardiology Unit, EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Heart Center, Segeberger Kliniken GmbH, Bad Segeberg, Germany (M.A.-W., G.R.); Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.); Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories, Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Italy (L.C., E.S.); Division of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (M.B., J.G.W.); Division of Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (H.B., G.K.); Interventional Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel (A.F.); Department of Cardiology, CHU de Liege, Liege, Belgium (V.L.); Department of Cardiology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain (J.S.d.L.); Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Universite´ Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France (D.M.-Z., A.V.); Deaprtment of Cardiology, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.-C.L.); Columbia University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (M.B.L.); and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (F.M., O.A.).
authors: Eugenio
authors: E
authors: Stabile
authors: From the Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Interventional Cardiology Unit, EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Heart Center, Segeberger Kliniken GmbH, Bad Segeberg, Germany (M.A.-W., G.R.); Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.); Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories, Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Italy (L.C., E.S.); Division of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (M.B., J.G.W.); Division of Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (H.B., G.K.); Interventional Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel (A.F.); Department of Cardiology, CHU de Liege, Liege, Belgium (V.L.); Department of Cardiology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain (J.S.d.L.); Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Universite´ Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France (D.M.-Z., A.V.); Deaprtment of Cardiology, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.-C.L.); Columbia University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (M.B.L.); and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (F.M., O.A.).
authors: Gerrit
authors: G
authors: Kaleschke
authors: From the Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Interventional Cardiology Unit, EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Heart Center, Segeberger Kliniken GmbH, Bad Segeberg, Germany (M.A.-W., G.R.); Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.); Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories, Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Italy (L.C., E.S.); Division of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (M.B., J.G.W.); Division of Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (H.B., G.K.); Interventional Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel (A.F.); Department of Cardiology, CHU de Liege, Liege, Belgium (V.L.); Department of Cardiology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain (J.S.d.L.); Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Universite´ Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France (D.M.-Z., A.V.); Deaprtment of Cardiology, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.-C.L.); Columbia University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (M.B.L.); and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (F.M., O.A.).
authors: Alec
authors: A
authors: Vahanian
authors: From the Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Interventional Cardiology Unit, EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Heart Center, Segeberger Kliniken GmbH, Bad Segeberg, Germany (M.A.-W., G.R.); Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.); Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories, Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Italy (L.C., E.S.); Division of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (M.B., J.G.W.); Division of Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (H.B., G.K.); Interventional Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel (A.F.); Department of Cardiology, CHU de Liege, Liege, Belgium (V.L.); Department of Cardiology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain (J.S.d.L.); Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Universite´ Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France (D.M.-Z., A.V.); Deaprtment of Cardiology, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.-C.L.); Columbia University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (M.B.L.); and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (F.M., O.A.).
authors: Jean-Claude
authors: JC
authors: Laborde
authors: From the Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Interventional Cardiology Unit, EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Heart Center, Segeberger Kliniken GmbH, Bad Segeberg, Germany (M.A.-W., G.R.); Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.); Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories, Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Italy (L.C., E.S.); Division of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (M.B., J.G.W.); Division of Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (H.B., G.K.); Interventional Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel (A.F.); Department of Cardiology, CHU de Liege, Liege, Belgium (V.L.); Department of Cardiology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain (J.S.d.L.); Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Universite´ Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France (D.M.-Z., A.V.); Deaprtment of Cardiology, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.-C.L.); Columbia University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (M.B.L.); and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (F.M., O.A.).
authors: Martin B
authors: MB
authors: Leon
authors: From the Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Interventional Cardiology Unit, EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Heart Center, Segeberger Kliniken GmbH, Bad Segeberg, Germany (M.A.-W., G.R.); Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.); Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories, Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Italy (L.C., E.S.); Division of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (M.B., J.G.W.); Division of Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (H.B., G.K.); Interventional Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel (A.F.); Department of Cardiology, CHU de Liege, Liege, Belgium (V.L.); Department of Cardiology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain (J.S.d.L.); Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Universite´ Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France (D.M.-Z., A.V.); Deaprtment of Cardiology, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.-C.L.); Columbia University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (M.B.L.); and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (F.M., O.A.).
authors: John G
authors: JG
authors: Webb
authors: From the Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Interventional Cardiology Unit, EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Heart Center, Segeberger Kliniken GmbH, Bad Segeberg, Germany (M.A.-W., G.R.); Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.); Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories, Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Italy (L.C., E.S.); Division of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (M.B., J.G.W.); Division of Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (H.B., G.K.); Interventional Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel (A.F.); Department of Cardiology, CHU de Liege, Liege, Belgium (V.L.); Department of Cardiology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain (J.S.d.L.); Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Universite´ Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France (D.M.-Z., A.V.); Deaprtment of Cardiology, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.-C.L.); Columbia University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (M.B.L.); and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (F.M., O.A.).
authors: Vasileios F
authors: VF
authors: Panoulas
authors: From the Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Interventional Cardiology Unit, EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Heart Center, Segeberger Kliniken GmbH, Bad Segeberg, Germany (M.A.-W., G.R.); Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.); Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories, Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Italy (L.C., E.S.); Division of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (M.B., J.G.W.); Division of Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (H.B., G.K.); Interventional Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel (A.F.); Department of Cardiology, CHU de Liege, Liege, Belgium (V.L.); Department of Cardiology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain (J.S.d.L.); Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Universite´ Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France (D.M.-Z., A.V.); Deaprtment of Cardiology, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.-C.L.); Columbia University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (M.B.L.); and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (F.M., O.A.).
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Maisano
authors: From the Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Interventional Cardiology Unit, EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Heart Center, Segeberger Kliniken GmbH, Bad Segeberg, Germany (M.A.-W., G.R.); Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.); Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories, Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Italy (L.C., E.S.); Division of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (M.B., J.G.W.); Division of Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (H.B., G.K.); Interventional Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel (A.F.); Department of Cardiology, CHU de Liege, Liege, Belgium (V.L.); Department of Cardiology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain (J.S.d.L.); Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Universite´ Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France (D.M.-Z., A.V.); Deaprtment of Cardiology, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.-C.L.); Columbia University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (M.B.L.); and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (F.M., O.A.).
authors: Ottavio
authors: O
authors: Alfieri
authors: From the Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Interventional Cardiology Unit, EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus, Milan, Italy (A.L., T.N., V.F.P., A.C.); Heart Center, Segeberger Kliniken GmbH, Bad Segeberg, Germany (M.A.-W., G.R.); Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (H.D.); Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories, Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Italy (L.C., E.S.); Division of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (M.B., J.G.W.); Division of Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (H.B., G.K.); Interventional Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel (A.F.); Department of Cardiology, CHU de Liege, Liege, Belgium (V.L.); Department of Cardiology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain (J.S.d.L.); Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Universite´ Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France (D.M.-Z., A.V.); Deaprtment of Cardiology, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.-C.L.); Columbia University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (M.B.L.); and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (F.M., O.A.).
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Colombo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D013997:Time Factors; D065467:Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants
keywords: anticoagulants; aortic valve stenosis; bioprosthesis; echocardiography; thrombosis; transcatheter aortic valve replacement