title: Depression after minor stroke: Prevalence and predictors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Severity of stroke and disability after stroke are major predictors of post-stroke depression (PSD). The prevalence of PSD in patients with minor stroke is expected to be low because minor stroke is characterized by mild neurological dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and predictors of PSD in patients with minor ischemic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with first-ever minor ischemic stroke (n=757) were followed up at 14±2 days, 3 months, 6 months, and 1year after stroke. Depression status was assessed at each follow-up. Patients that had PSD at follow-ups were classified into two groups according to the time point of the diagnosis of PSD: patients diagnosed at 14±2 days formed the early-onset PSD group, and those who were diagnosed at any subsequent follow-ups constituted the late-onset PSD group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 1-year prevalence of PSD in patients with minor stroke was 29.0% (95% CI, 25.2-32.8). Female gender, current smoking at stroke onset, mild global cognitive impairment at 14±2 days, and stroke recurrence were independently associated with a high risk of PSD over the 1-year follow-up. Predictors of early-onset PSD included female gender, current smoking, and mild global cognitive impairment at 14±2 days, while predictors of late-onset PSD were current smoking and stroke recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Approximately three in ten patients with first-ever minor ischemic stroke may develop depression during the first year after stroke. Female gender, smoking, mild global cognitive impairment, and stroke recurrence predict early-onset or late-onset PSD after minor ischemic stroke.
authors: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
authors: YuZhi
authors: Y
authors: Shi
authors: Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
authors: YuTao
authors: Y
authors: Xiang
authors: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Yang
authors: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
authors: Ning
authors: N
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
authors: Shuo
authors: S
authors: Wang
authors: University of Notre Dame Australia/Marian Centre, Perth, Australia; School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
authors: Gabor S
authors: GS
authors: Ungvari
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors: Helen F K
authors: HF
authors: Chiu
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors: Wai Kwong
authors: WK
authors: Tang
authors: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
authors: YiLong
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
authors: XingQuan
authors: X
authors: Zhao
authors: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
authors: YongJun
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Department of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurology and Clinical Psychology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Electronic address: snowsen@126.com.
authors: ChunXue
authors: C
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Ischemic stroke; Minor stroke; Post-stroke depression; Smoking