title: The effect of macrobiotic Ma-Pi 2 diet on systemic inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes: a post hoc analysis of the MADIAB trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current guidelines for the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) emphasize diet as essential therapy. However, the effect of diet on systemic inflammation remains unclear. We investigated the effects of consuming a macrobiotic Ma-Pi 2 diet versus a standard recommended diet (control diet) on markers of inflammation in patients with T2D.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a post hoc analysis of the MADIAB trial, a 21-day randomized controlled trial conducted in 51 patients (25 males and 26 females) with T2D. Patients were randomized 1:1 to the Ma-Pi 2 macrobiotic diet or a control diet based on dietary guidelines for T2D. Biological antioxidant potential of plasma and circulating levels of high-sensitivity C reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and insulin-like growth factor-1 were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 21 days on the Ma-Pi 2 or control diet, markers of inflammation were reduced in both groups. The antioxidant potential of plasma improved significantly in the Ma-Pi group. A significant reduction in insulin growth factor-1 was observed in the Ma-Pi group versus control group (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings of this post hoc analysis demonstrated that the Ma-Pi 2 diet is a safe dietary strategy to reduce levels of the markers of insulin resistance and inflammation, compared with baseline values, in the short term. Furthermore, the Ma-Pi 2 diet was superior to the control diet in reducing insulin growth factor-1 and may be beneficial for patients with T2D.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN10467793.
authors: Area of Endocrinology and Diabetes , University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome , Rome , Italy.
authors: Andreea
authors: A
authors: Soare
authors: Area of Endocrinology and Diabetes , University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome , Rome , Italy.
authors: Rossella
authors: R
authors: Del Toro
authors: Area of Endocrinology and Diabetes , University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome , Rome , Italy.
authors: Elena
authors: E
authors: Roncella
authors: Area of Endocrinology and Diabetes , University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome , Rome , Italy.
authors: Yeganeh Manon
authors: YM
authors: Khazrai
authors: Laboratory Medicine , University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome , Rome , Italy.
authors: Silvia
authors: S
authors: Angeletti
authors: Center of Integrated Research, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome , Rome , Italy.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Dugo
authors: Area of Endocrinology and Diabetes , University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome , Rome , Italy.
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Fallucca
authors: Unit of Dietology and Diabetology , Sandro Pertini Hospital , Rome , Italy.
authors: Lucia
authors: L
authors: Fontana
authors: Unit of Dietology and Diabetology , Sandro Pertini Hospital , Rome , Italy.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Altomare
authors: Area of Endocrinology and Diabetes , University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome , Rome , Italy.
authors: Valeria
authors: V
authors: Formisano
authors: Area of Endocrinology and Diabetes , University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome , Rome , Italy.
authors: Francesca
authors: F
authors: Capata
authors: Center of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Medical Information Technology, Polytechnic Marche University , Ancona , Italy.
authors: Rosaria
authors: R
authors: Gesuita
authors: Area of Endocrinology and Diabetes , University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome , Rome , Italy.
authors: Silvia
authors: S
authors: Manfrini
authors: In Unam Sapientiam , La Sapienza University , Rome , Italy.
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Fallucca
authors: International Study Center for Environment, Agriculture, Food, Health and Economics , Tolentino , Italy.
authors: Mario
authors: M
authors: Pianesi
authors: Area of Endocrinology and Diabetes , University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome , Rome , Italy ; Centre of Diabetes, St. Bartholomew's and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London , London , UK.
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Pozzilli
keywords: Dietary Intervention; Inflammatory Markers; Insulin Resistance; Type 2 Diabetes