title: Red Bean Extract Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and H₂O₂-Induced Oxidative Stress in RAW 264.7 Macrophages.
abstract: Red bean (Phaseolus radiatus L. var. Aurea) is a leguminous seed and mainly used as one of the popular ingredients in oriental desserts. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of 50 g/kg ethanolic extract of red bean (RBE) by measuring lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expressions of nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. On the other hand, the antioxidant activity of RBE was determined by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances method and comet assay using H2O2-induced macrophages. The results showed that RBE at the concentrations of 50-200 μg/mL can significantly suppress the inflammatory responses in LPS-stimulated macrophages through the reduction of cellular NO and downregulation of the gene expressions of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, RBE can diminish H2O2-induced oxidative damage in RAW 264.7 macrophage. Phenolic compounds and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside from BRE may have efficacy as overall in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents. Red bean exerts an anti-inflammatory response and has potential as a health-promoting ingredient.
authors: 1 Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Kainan University , Taoyuan, Taiwan .
authors: Wen-Wan
authors: WW
authors: Chao
authors: 2 Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University , Taichung, Taiwan .
authors: Yun-Chin
authors: YC
authors: Chung
authors: 2 Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University , Taichung, Taiwan .
authors: I-Ping
authors: IP
authors: Shih
authors: 3 Tri-Service General Hospital , Taipei, Taiwan .
authors: Hsun-Yen
authors: HY
authors: Wang
authors: 2 Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University , Taichung, Taiwan .
authors: Su-Tze
authors: ST
authors: Chou
authors: 4 Department of Food Science, National Chiayi University , Chiayi, Taiwan .
authors: Cheng-Kuang
authors: CK
authors: Hsu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000032:analysis; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D000431:Ethanol; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D027805:Phaseolus / Q000737:chemistry*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000431:Ethanol; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2
keywords: anti-inflammation; antioxidant; macrophage; red bean