title: Nonlethal dose of silver nanoparticles attenuates TNF-α-induced hepatic epithelial cell death through HSP70 overexpression.
abstract: Silver nanoparticles (Ag-nps) have been widely used in various biomedical products. Compared with its hazardous effects extensively being studied, rare attention has been paid to the potential protective effect of Ag-nps to human health. The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of Ag-nps and heat shock treatment on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced cell damage in Clone 9 cells. Clone 9 cells were pretreated with nonlethal concentration of Ag-nps (1 μg/ml) or heat shock, and then cell damages were induced by TNF-α (1 ng/ml). Protective effects of Ag-nps administration or heat shock treatment were determined by examining the TNF-α-induced changes in cell viabilities. The results showed that the intensity of cytotoxicity produced by TNF-α was alleviated upon treatment with nonlethal concentration of Ag-nps (1 μg/ml). Similar protective effects were also found upon heat shock treatment. These data demonstrate that Ag-nps and heat shock treatment were equally capable of inducing heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) protein expression in Clone 9 cells. The results suggest that clinically Ag-nps administration is a viable strategy to induce endogenous HSP70 expression instead of applying heat shock. In conclusion, our study for the first time provides evidence that Ag-nps may act as a viable alternative for HSP70 induction clinically.
authors: Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;
authors: Tsen-Ni
authors: TN
authors: Tsai
authors: Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;
authors: Tzu-Ying
authors: TY
authors: Lee
authors: Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;
authors: Maw-Shung
authors: MS
authors: Liu
authors: Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;
authors: Jia-Jing
authors: JJ
authors: Ho
authors: Teaching and Research Center, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;
authors: Li-Ju
authors: LJ
authors: Huang
authors: Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;
authors: Chia-Jen
authors: CJ
authors: Liu
authors: Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;
authors: Tsan-Ju
authors: TJ
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; and Department of Pediatrics, Changhua Christian Children Hospital, Changhua City, Changhua County, Taiwan rechya@kmu.edu.tw.
authors: Rei-Cheng
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6116-260X
authors: RC
authors: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018869:Heat-Shock Response; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles; D051381:Rats; D012834:Silver / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000633:toxicity*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D012834:Silver
keywords: cell viability; heat shock protein 70; silver nanoparticles; tumor necrosis factor-α