title: Subacute and subchronic toxicity of Avalon(®) mixture (bentazone+dicamba) to rats.
abstract: Subacute and subchronic toxicity of the herbicide Avalon(®), a mixture of bentazone and dicamba, were tested on rats. Avalon(®) was administered at dose levels of 250, 500 and 1000mg/kg body weight/day for 28 and 90 days. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were monitored together with biochemistry parameters. The results showed that the mixture caused increases in the activities of ALT, AST and ALP, elevated concentrations of sodium, albumin and albumin/globulin ratio in males. In females, ALT activity, cholesterol and phosphate levels were increased. The changes generally were dose related and, in most cases, females exhibited lower susceptibility than males. The effects of a mixture are, in the most cases, different from the effects of the individual substances. The effects of bentazone were not prevalent which would be expected taking the composition of the mixture into account.
authors: Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31-b, 11080 Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia. Electronic address: dragica.brkic@pesting.org.rs.
authors: Dragica
authors: D
authors: Brkić
authors: Toxi-Coop, Toxicological Research Center Zrt., Pálya u. 2, H-2120 Dunakeszi, Hungary. Electronic address: ilona.pasics@toxicoop.hu.
authors: Ilona
authors: I
authors: Szakonyne-Pasics
authors: Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31-b, 11080 Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia. Electronic address: slavica.gasic@pesting.org.rs.
authors: Slavica
authors: S
authors: Gašić
authors: University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia. Electronic address: ivana.teodorovic@dbe.uns.ac.rs.
authors: Ivana
authors: I
authors: Teodorović
authors: University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia. Electronic address: raskovic@agrif.bg.ac.rs.
authors: Božidar
authors: B
authors: Rašković
authors: Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Directorate for Water, Bulevar umetnosti 2a, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia. Electronic address: nbrkich@gmail.com.
authors: Nenad
authors: N
authors: Brkić
authors: Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31-b, 11080 Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia. Electronic address: nneskovic@beotel.net.
authors: Neško
authors: N
authors: Nešković
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D001581:Benzothiadiazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D003996:Dicamba / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D012737:Sex Factors; D059551:Toxicity Tests, Subacute / Q000379:methods*; D059550:Toxicity Tests, Subchronic / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001581:Benzothiadiazines; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006540:Herbicides; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; C002003:bentazone; D003996:Dicamba
keywords: Bentazone; Dicamba; Mixture; Rat; Subacute toxicity; Subchronic toxicity