title: The effects of xylitol and sorbitol on lysozyme- and peroxidase-related enzymatic and candidacidal activities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether xylitol and sorbitol affect enzymatic and candidacidal activities of lysozyme, the peroxidase system, and the glucose oxidase-mediated peroxidase system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Xylitol and sorbitol were added to hen egg-white lysozyme, bovine lactoperoxidase, glucose oxidase-mediated peroxidase, and whole saliva in solution and on hydroxyapatite surfaces. The enzymatic activities of lysozyme, peroxidase, and glucose oxidase-mediated peroxidase were determined by the turbidimetric method, the NbsSCN assay, and production of oxidized o-dianisidine, respectively. Candidacidal activities were determined by comparing colony forming units using Candida albicans ATCC strains 10231, 11006, and 18804.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While xylitol and sorbitol did not affect the enzymatic activity of hen egg-white lysozyme both in solution and on hydroxyapatite surfaces, they did inhibit the enzymatic activity of salivary lysozyme significantly in solution, but not on the surfaces. Xylitol and sorbitol enhanced the enzymatic activities of both bovine lactoperoxidase and salivary peroxidase significantly in a dose-dependent manner in solution, but not on the surfaces. Sorbitol, but not xylitol, inhibited the enzymatic activity of glucose oxidase-mediated peroxidase significantly. Both xylitol and sorbitol did not affect candidacidal activities of hen egg-white lysozyme, the bovine lactoperoxidase system, or the glucose oxidase-mediated bovine lactoperoxidase system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Xylitol and sorbitol inhibited salivary lysozyme activity, but enhanced both bovine lactoperoxidase and salivary peroxidase activities significantly in solution. Xylitol and sorbitol did not augment lysozyme- and peroxidase-related candidacidal activities.
authors: Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Bum-Soo
authors: BS
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Ji-Youn
authors: JY
authors: Chang
authors: Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Yoon-Young
authors: YY
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hkho@snu.ac.kr.
authors: Hong-Seop
authors: HS
authors: Kho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology*; D002417:Cattle; D002645:Chickens; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D017886:Durapatite; D005260:Female; D007784:Lactoperoxidase / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D009113:Muramidase / Q000187:drug effects*; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000187:drug effects*; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D013012:Sorbitol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013234:Stem Cells; D013499:Surface Properties; D014993:Xylitol / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D013012:Sorbitol; D017886:Durapatite; D007784:Lactoperoxidase; D010544:Peroxidases; C023057:glucose peroxidase; C421864:hen egg lysozyme; D009113:Muramidase; D014993:Xylitol
keywords: Candidacidal activity; Glucose oxidase; Lysozyme; Peroxidase; Sorbitol; Xylitol