title: Reliability and applicability of the Patient Enablement Instrument (PEI) in a Swedish general practice setting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Patient Enablement Instrument (PEI), which has been used to evaluate core ingredients in primary care consultations, has been proposed as a means of moving beyond patient satisfaction evaluations. The aim of the present study was to examine the reliability and applicability of the PEI to the Swedish context.
  
  
  METHODS
  The original PEI was translated to Swedish and included in a questionnaire that was given to consecutively scheduled patients in four primary care settings. Respondents completed identical questionnaires immediately after a consultation, as well as two days and two weeks later. The analysis focused on internal reliability, test-retest reliability and internal construct validity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean PEI scores declined significantly between baseline (3.48, SD 3.21) and the first follow-up questionnaire (3.06, SD 3.37). All three questionnaires showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha >0.85). Test-retest showed moderate agreement for all questions when comparing baseline and the first follow-up (kappa 0.54-0.65) and greater consistency between the two follow-up questionnaires (kappa 0.65-0.75). A large proportion of respondents characterized at least one of the questions as irrelevant (39%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Swedish version of the PEI instrument has high internal consistency and moderate to good reliability. It can be used in research but is not recommended as a measure of quality of care. The instrument could benefit from further development and validity testing.
authors: Department of Research and Development, Region Kronoberg, Box 1223, SE-351 12, Växjö, Kronoberg, Sweden. mattias.roost@ltkronoberg.se.|Department of Clinical Sciences, General Practice/Family Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden. mattias.roost@ltkronoberg.se.
authors: Mattias
authors: M
authors: Rööst
authors: Blekinge Centre of Competence, Blekinge County Council, Karlskrona, Sweden. andrzej.zielinski@ltblekinge.se.
authors: Andrzej
authors: A
authors: Zielinski
authors: Department of Research and Development, Region Kronoberg, Box 1223, SE-351 12, Växjö, Kronoberg, Sweden. christer.petersson@ltkronoberg.se.
authors: Christer
authors: C
authors: Petersson
authors: Department of Clinical Sciences, General Practice/Family Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden. eva-lena.strandberg@med.lu.se.
authors: Eva Lena
authors: EL
authors: Strandberg
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D058006:General Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D018802:Patient-Centered Care; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013548:Sweden