title: Oakleaf: an S locus-linked mutation of Primula vulgaris that affects leaf and flower development.
abstract: In Primula vulgaris outcrossing is promoted through reciprocal herkogamy with insect-mediated cross-pollination between pin and thrum form flowers. Development of heteromorphic flowers is coordinated by genes at the S locus. To underpin construction of a genetic map facilitating isolation of these S locus genes, we have characterised Oakleaf, a novel S locus-linked mutant phenotype. We combine phenotypic observation of flower and leaf development, with classical genetic analysis and next-generation sequencing to address the molecular basis of Oakleaf. Oakleaf is a dominant mutation that affects both leaf and flower development; plants produce distinctive lobed leaves, with occasional ectopic meristems on the veins. This phenotype is reminiscent of overexpression of Class I KNOX-homeodomain transcription factors. We describe the structure and expression of all eight P. vulgaris PvKNOX genes in both wild-type and Oakleaf plants, and present comparative transcriptome analysis of leaves and flowers from Oakleaf and wild-type plants. Oakleaf provides a new phenotypic marker for genetic analysis of the Primula S locus. We show that none of the Class I PvKNOX genes are strongly upregulated in Oakleaf leaves and flowers, and identify cohorts of 507 upregulated and 314 downregulated genes in the Oakleaf mutant.
authors: School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.|John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
authors: Jonathan M
authors: JM
authors: Cocker
authors: School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.|John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
authors: Margaret A
authors: MA
authors: Webster
authors: School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.|John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
authors: Jinhong
authors: J
authors: Li
authors: The Genome Analysis Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
authors: Jonathan
authors: J
authors: Wright
authors: The Genome Analysis Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
authors: Gemy
authors: G
authors: Kaithakottil
authors: The Genome Analysis Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Swarbreck
authors: School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.|John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
authors: Philip M
authors: PM
authors: Gilmartin
mesh_terms: D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000032:analysis; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D035264:Flowers / Q000254:growth & development*; D015870:Gene Expression; D017343:Genes, Plant; D056426:Genetic Loci; D005838:Genotype; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D063245:Plant Development / Q000235:genetics; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000254:growth & development*; D031825:Primula / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D018744:DNA, Plant
keywords: KNOX genes; Oakleaf; Primula vulgaris; S locus; heterostyly