title: Antidoping programme and biological monitoring before and during the 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The FIFA has implemented an important antidoping programme for the 2014 FIFA World Cup.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To perform the analyses before and during the World Cup with biological monitoring of blood and urine samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  All qualified players from the 32 teams participating in the World Cup were tested out-of-competition. During the World Cup, 2-8 players per match were tested. Over 1000 samples were collected in total and analysed in the WADA accredited Laboratory of Lausanne.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The quality of the analyses was at the required level as described in the WADA technical documents. The urinary steroid profiles of the players were stable and consistent with previously published papers on football players. During the competition, amphetamine was detected in a sample collected on a player who had a therapeutic use exemption for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The blood passport data showed no significant difference in haemoglobin values between out-of-competition and postmatch samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Logistical issues linked to biological samples collection, and the overseas shipment during the World Cup did not impair the quality of the analyses, especially when used as the biological passport of football players.
authors: Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine, Geneva & Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
authors: Norbert
authors: N
authors: Baume
authors: Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine, Geneva & Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
authors: Nicolas
authors: N
authors: Jan
authors: Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine, Geneva & Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
authors: Caroline
authors: C
authors: Emery
authors: Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine, Geneva & Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
authors: Béatrice
authors: B
authors: Mandanis
authors: Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine, Geneva & Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
authors: Carine
authors: C
authors: Schweizer
authors: Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine, Geneva & Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
authors: Sylvain
authors: S
authors: Giraud
authors: Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine, Geneva & Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
authors: Nicolas
authors: N
authors: Leuenberger
authors: Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine, Geneva & Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
authors: François
authors: F
authors: Marclay
authors: Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine, Geneva & Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
authors: Raul
authors: R
authors: Nicoli
authors: Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine, Geneva & Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
authors: Laurent
authors: L
authors: Perrenoud
authors: Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine, Geneva & Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
authors: Neil
authors: N
authors: Robinson
authors: FIFA, Zürich, Switzerland FIFA Medical Assessment and Research Centre (F-MARC) and Schulthess Clinic, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors: Jiri
authors: J
authors: Dvorak
authors: Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine, Geneva & Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
authors: Martial
authors: M
authors: Saugy
mesh_terms: D000661:Amphetamine / Q000032:analysis; D000735:Androstenedione / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000379:methods; D001938:Brazil; D002976:Clenbuterol / Q000032:analysis; D004300:Doping in Sports / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D012916:Soccer / Q000502:physiology*; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods; D013256:Steroids / Q000032:analysis; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods; D014147:Tramadol / Q000032:analysis; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D013256:Steroids; D014147:Tramadol; D000735:Androstenedione; D000661:Amphetamine; C014594:formestane; D002976:Clenbuterol
keywords: Football