title: Evaluation of advanced multiplex short tandem repeat systems in pairwise kinship analysis.
abstract: The AmpFLSTR Identifiler Kit, comprising 15 autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci, is commonly employed in forensic practice for calculating match probabilities and parentage testing. The conventional system exhibits insufficient estimation for kinship analysis such as sibship testing because of shortness of examined loci. This study evaluated the power of the PowerPlex Fusion System, GlobalFiler Kit, and PowerPlex 21 System, which comprise more than 20 autosomal STR loci, to estimate pairwise blood relatedness (i.e., parent-child, full siblings, second-degree relatives, and first cousins). The genotypes of all 24 STR loci in 10,000 putative pedigrees were constructed by simulation. The likelihood ratio for each locus was calculated from joint probabilities for relatives and non-relatives. The combined likelihood ratio was calculated according to the product rule. The addition of STR loci improved separation between relatives and non-relatives. However, these systems were less effectively extended to the inference for first cousins. In conclusion, these advanced systems will be useful in forensic personal identification, especially in the evaluation of full siblings and second-degree relatives. Moreover, the additional loci may give rise to two major issues of more frequent mutational events and several pairs of linked loci on the same chromosome.
authors: Department of Forensic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Shimokasuya 143, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan; Scientific Crime Laboratory, Kanagawa Prefectural Police, Yamashitacho 155, Naka-ku, Yokohama 231-0023, Japan.
authors: Tomonori
authors: T
authors: Tamura
authors: Department of Forensic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Shimokasuya 143, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan. Electronic address: osawa@is.icc.u-tokai.ac.jp.
authors: Motoki
authors: M
authors: Osawa
authors: Department of Forensic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Shimokasuya 143, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
authors: Eriko
authors: E
authors: Ochiai
authors: Scientific Crime Laboratory, Kanagawa Prefectural Police, Yamashitacho 155, Naka-ku, Yokohama 231-0023, Japan.
authors: Takanori
authors: T
authors: Suzuki
authors: Scientific Crime Laboratory, Kanagawa Prefectural Police, Yamashitacho 155, Naka-ku, Yokohama 231-0023, Japan.
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D053803:Forensic Genetics; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D040941:Heredity / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D010375:Pedigree; D011996:Records
keywords: GlobalFiler; Kinship analysis; Likelihood ratio; PowerPlex 21; PowerPlex Fusion; Short tandem repeat