title: Can data science inform environmental justice and community risk screening for type 2 diabetes?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Having the ability to scan the entire country for potential "hotspots" with increased risk of developing chronic diseases due to various environmental, demographic, and genetic susceptibility factors may inform risk management decisions and enable better environmental public health policies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Develop an approach for community-level risk screening focused on identifying potential genetic susceptibility hotpots.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our approach combines analyses of phenotype-genotype data, genetic prevalence of single nucleotide polymorphisms, and census/geographic information to estimate census tract-level population attributable risks among various ethnicities and total population for the state of California.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We estimate that the rs13266634 single nucleotide polymorphism, a type 2 diabetes susceptibility genotype, has a genetic prevalence of 56.3%, 47.4% and 37.0% in Mexican Mestizo, Caucasian, and Asian populations. Looking at the top quintile for total population attributable risk, 16 California counties have greater than 25% of their population living in hotspots of genetic susceptibility for developing type 2 diabetes due to this single genotypic susceptibility factor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study identified counties in California where large portions of the population may bear additional type 2 diabetes risk due to increased genetic prevalence of a susceptibility genotype. This type of screening can easily be extended to include information on environmental contaminants of interest and other related diseases, and potentially enables the rapid identification of potential environmental justice communities. Other potential uses of this approach include problem formulation in support of risk assessments, land use planning, and prioritization of site cleanup and remediation actions.
authors: National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors: J Allen
authors: JA
authors: Davis
authors: National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors: Lyle D
authors: LD
authors: Burgoon
mesh_terms: D001208:Asia / Q000208:ethnology; D001213:Asian / Q000235:genetics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002140:California; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D057225:Data Mining; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics; D004777:Environment; D005060:Europe / Q000208:ethnology; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005828:Genetics, Population; D005838:Genotype; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000235:genetics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D008800:Mexico / Q000208:ethnology; D010641:Phenotype; D010865:Pilot Projects; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D015995:Prevalence; D011640:Public Policy; D012306:Risk; D012308:Risk Management; D012935:Social Justice; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics; D000075703:Zinc Transporter 8
chemical_list: D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; C492522:SLC30A8 protein, human; D000075703:Zinc Transporter 8