title: Choice impulsivity: Definitions, measurement issues, and clinical implications.
abstract: Impulsivity critically relates to many psychiatric disorders. Given the multifaceted construct that impulsivity represents, defining core aspects of impulsivity is vital for the assessment and understanding of clinical conditions. Choice impulsivity (CI), involving the preferential selection of smaller sooner rewards over larger later rewards, represents one important type of impulsivity. The International Society for Research on Impulsivity (InSRI) convened to discuss the definition and assessment of CI and provide recommendations regarding measurement across species. Commonly used preclinical and clinical CI behavioral tasks are described, and considerations for each task are provided to guide CI task selection. Differences in assessment of CI (self-report, behavioral) and calculating CI indices (e.g., area-under-the-curve, indifference point, and steepness of discounting curve) are discussed along with properties of specific behavioral tasks used in preclinical and clinical settings. The InSRI group recommends inclusion of measures of CI in human studies examining impulsivity. Animal studies examining impulsivity should also include assessments of CI and these measures should be harmonized in accordance with human studies of the disorders being modeled in the preclinical investigations. The choice of specific CI measures to be included should be based on the goals of the study and existing preclinical and clinical literature using established CI measures.
authors: Department of Psychology, Maryland Neuroimaging Center, Center for Addictions, Personality, and Emotion Research, Maryland Neuroimaging Center, University of Maryland.
authors: Kristen R
authors: KR
authors: Hamilton
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine.
authors: Marci R
authors: MR
authors: Mitchell
authors: Schizophrenia Division, Complex Mental Illness, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health.
authors: Victoria C
authors: VC
authors: Wing
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine.
authors: Iris M
authors: IM
authors: Balodis
authors: Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute.
authors: Warren K
authors: WK
authors: Bickel
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky.
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Fillmore
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas at Houston Medical School.
authors: Scott D
authors: SD
authors: Lane
authors: Department of Psychology, Center for Addictions, Personality, and Emotion Research, University of Maryland.
authors: C W
authors: CW
authors: Lejuez
authors: Department of Psychology, Texas Tech University.
authors: Andrew K
authors: AK
authors: Littlefield
authors: Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen.
authors: Maartje
authors: M
authors: Luijten
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio.
authors: Charles W
authors: CW
authors: Mathias
authors: Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University.
authors: Suzanne H
authors: SH
authors: Mitchell
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Center for Compulsive Behavior and Addiction, Rush University Medical Center.
authors: T Celeste
authors: TC
authors: Napier
authors: Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky.
authors: Brady
authors: B
authors: Reynolds
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia.
authors: Christian G
authors: CG
authors: Schütz
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida.
authors: Barry
authors: B
authors: Setlow
authors: Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri.
authors: Kenneth J
authors: KJ
authors: Sher
authors: Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine.
authors: Alan C
authors: AC
authors: Swann
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Center for Compulsive Behavior and Addiction, Rush University Medical Center.
authors: Stephanie E
authors: SE
authors: Tedford
authors: School of Psychology and Counselling, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology.
authors: Melanie J
authors: MJ
authors: White
authors: Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia.
authors: Catharine A
authors: CA
authors: Winstanley
authors: Department of Psychology, Center for Addictions, Personality, and Emotion Research, University of Maryland.
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Yi
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine.
authors: Marc N
authors: MN
authors: Potenza
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine.
authors: F Gerard
authors: FG
authors: Moeller
mesh_terms: D065786:Delay Discounting; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior; D010551:Personality; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012201:Reward; D000068356:Self-Control