title: Concise Review: Prospects of Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treating Status Epilepticus and Chronic Epilepsy.
abstract: Mononuclear cells (MNCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from the bone marrow and other sources have received significant attention as donor cells for treating various neurological disorders due to their robust neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, it is relatively easy to procure these cells from both autogenic and allogenic sources. Currently, there is considerable interest in examining the usefulness of these cells for conditions such as status epilepticus (SE) and chronic epilepsy. A prolonged seizure activity in SE triggers neurodegeneration in the limbic brain areas, which elicits epileptogenesis and evolves into a chronic epileptic state. Because of their potential for providing neuroprotection, diminishing inflammation and curbing epileptogenesis, early intervention with MNCs or MSCs appears attractive for treating SE as such effects may restrain the development of chronic epilepsy typified by spontaneous seizures and learning and memory impairments. Delayed administration of these cells after SE may also be useful for easing spontaneous seizures and cognitive dysfunction in chronic epilepsy. This concise review evaluates the current knowledge and outlook pertaining to MNC and MSC therapies for SE and chronic epilepsy. In the first section, the behavior of these cells in animal models of SE and their efficacy to restrain neurodegeneration, inflammation, and epileptogenesis are discussed. The competence of these cells for suppressing seizures and improving cognitive function in chronic epilepsy are conferred in the next section. The final segment ponders issues that need to be addressed to pave the way for clinical application of these cells for SE and chronic epilepsy.
authors: Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine at Scott & White, Temple, Texas, USA.|Department of Pediatrics, McLane's Children's Hospital, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas, USA.
authors: Satish
authors: S
authors: Agadi
authors: Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine at Scott & White, Temple, Texas, USA.|Research Service, Olin E. Teague Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas, USA.|Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA.
authors: Ashok K
authors: AK
authors: Shetty
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000628:therapy*; D048091:Guided Tissue Regeneration / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: Bone marrow stromal cells; Cell transplantation; Experimental models; Mesenchymal stem cells; Nervous system; Neural stem cell; Stem cell transplantation; Tissue regeneration