title: Chronic probable PTSD in police responders in the world trade center health registry ten to eleven years after 9/11.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Police enrolled in the World Trade Center Health Registry (WTCHR) demonstrated increased probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after the terrorist attack of 9/11/2001.
  
  
  METHODS
  Police enrollees without pre-9/11 PTSD were studied. Probable PTSD was assessed by Posttraumatic Stress Check List (PCL). Risk factors for chronic, new onset or resolved PTSD were assessed using multinomial logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Half of police with probable PTSD in 2003-2007 continued to have probable PTSD in 2011-2012. Women had higher prevalence of PTSD than men (15.5% vs. 10.3%, P = 0.008). Risk factors for chronic PTSD included decreased social support, unemployment, 2+ life stressors in last 12 months, 2+ life-threatening events since 9/11, 2+ injuries during the 9/11 attacks, and unmet mental health needs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Police responders to the WTC attacks continue to bear a high mental health burden. Improved early access to mental health treatment for police exposed to disasters may be needed.
authors: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York.
authors: James E
authors: JE
authors: Cone
authors: Jiehui
authors: J
authors: Li
authors: Erica
authors: E
authors: Kornblith
authors: Vihra
authors: V
authors: Gocheva
authors: Steven D
authors: SD
authors: Stellman
authors: Annum
authors: A
authors: Shaikh
authors: Ralf
authors: R
authors: Schwarzer
authors: Rosemarie M
authors: RM
authors: Bowler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004190:Disasters; D060731:Emergency Responders / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008605:Mental Health Services; D008875:Middle Aged; D016495:Police / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015995:Prevalence; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D047851:September 11 Terrorist Attacks / Q000523:psychology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012944:Social Support; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D013997:Time Factors; D014478:Unemployment; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: 9/11 disaster; DSM-IV diagnosis; mental health; police; posttraumatic stress disorder