title: Textural entropy as a potential feature for quantitative assessment of jaw bone healing process.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the study was to propose and evaluate textural entropy as a parameter for bone healing assessment.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty radiographs with loss of bone architecture were investigated (a bone defect was circumscribed - ROI DEF). A reference region (ROI REF) of the same surface area as the ROI DEF was placed in a field distant from the defect, where a normal, trabecular pattern of bone structure was well visualized. Data of three time points were investigated: T0 - immediately after the surgical procedure, T1 - 3 months post-op, and T2 - 12 months post-op.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Textural entropy as a parameter describing bone structure regeneration was selected based on Fisher coefficient (F) evaluation. F was highest in T0 (3.4) and was decreasing later in T1 (1.7) and T2 (1.0 - means final lack of difference in the structure to reference bone). Textural entropy is a measure of structure disarrangement which in a bone defect region attains minimal value due to structural homogeneity, i.e. low complexity of the texture. The calculated parameter in the investigated material revealed a gradual increase inside the bone defect (p < 0.05), i.e. increase of complexity in a time-dependent manner starting from immediate post-op (T0 = 2.51; T1 = 2.68) up to most complex 1 year post-operational (T2 = 2.73), reaching the reference level of a normal bone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Textural entropy may be useful for computer assisted evaluation of bone regeneration process. The complexity of the texture corresponds to mature trabecular bone formation.
authors: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
authors: Michał
authors: M
authors: Kołaciński
authors: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
authors: Marcin
authors: M
authors: Kozakiewicz
authors: Medical Electronics Division, Technical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
authors: Andrzej
authors: A
authors: Materka
keywords: bone healing; digital radiograph; textural entropy