title: Ameliorative effects of physcion 8-O-β-glucopyranoside isolated from Polygonum cuspidatum on learning and memory in dementia rats induced by Aβ1-40.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. Et Zucc. (Polygonaceae) has been traditionally used in folk medicine to treat various diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study investigates the ameliorative effects of physcion 8-O-β-glucopyranoside (PSG) isolated from P. cuspidatum on learning and memory in dementia rats induced by Aβ1-40.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dementia rats were prepared by intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ1-40. PSG (5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg/d, for 5 d) was administered orally. Ameliorative activity of PSG in dementia rats was evaluated by the Morris water maze (MWM) test, and its mechanisms were explored by evaluating AchE activity, levels of DA, NE, and 5-HT in hippocampus, and drebrin protein expressions in hippocampus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results indicated that PSG (5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg/d) significantly inhibited the prolonged latency in dementia rats (p < 0.05), and inhibitory rates were 16.5, 22.7, 33.0, and 44.8% after 5 d of learning, indicating that PSG improves learning and memory of dementia rats. Furthermore, PSG significantly decreased AchE activity (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg/d; p < 0.05), increased 5-HT (20 and 40 mg/kg/d, p < 0.05), NE (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg/d; p < 0.05), and DA levels (5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg; p < 0.05) in the hippocampus. Additionally, PSG obviously decreased the Aβ contents in hippocampus (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg/d; p < 0.05), and up-regulated drebrin protein expressions (5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg/d; p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PSG can significantly enhance learning and memory in Aβ1-40-induced dementia rats, and the mechanisms may be related to increase levels of Ach, 5-HT, NE, and DA, decrease Aβ contents, and up-regulation of drebrin proteins in hippocampus.
authors: Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of the Central South University , Changsha , China.
authors: Nian-Gui
authors: NG
authors: Xu
authors: Zhi-Jie
authors: ZJ
authors: Xiao
authors: Ting
authors: T
authors: Zou
authors: Zhi-Ling
authors: ZL
authors: Huang
mesh_terms: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D003704:Dementia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004642:Emodin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045468:Fallopia japonica; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009005:Monosaccharides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000633:toxicity*; D018517:Plant Roots; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C543378:8-O-beta-D-4'-deoxy-delta(4')-glucuropyranoside; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D009005:Monosaccharides; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C078592:amyloid beta-protein (1-40); C008905:physcione; D004642:Emodin
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Morris water maze test; drebrin