title: The mechanism of melanocytes-specific cytotoxicity induced by phenol compounds having a prooxidant effect, relating to the appearance of leukoderma.
abstract: Specific phenol compounds including rhododendrol (RD), a skin-brightening ingredient in cosmetics, are reported to induce leukoderma, inducing a social problem, and the elucidation of mechanism of leukoderma is strongly demanded. This study investigated the relationship among the cytotoxicities of six phenol compounds on B16F10 melanoma cells and HaCaT keratinocytes and generated reactive oxygen species (ROS). As a result, the cytotoxicity of RD on B16F10 cells was higher than that on HaCaT cells, and RD significantly increased intracellular ROS and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in B16F10 cells. Furthermore, although raspberry ketone (RK), RD derivative, also increased intracellular ROS in B16F10 cells, increase in ROS was suppressed by disodium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate dehydrate (EDTA). The amounts of increased ROS with RK in HaCaT cells without melanocyte were further increased by tyrosinase. Therefore, tyrosinase, a metalloprotein having copper, was speculated to be one of causative agents allowing phenol compounds to work as a prooxidant. Hydroxyl radical was generated by adding a mixture of tyrosinase and H2O2 to RD, and the amount of the radical was further increased by UVB, indicating that RD cytotoxicity was caused by intracellularly increased ROS, which possibly related to phenol induced prooxidants.
authors: Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 2-10 Kawadacho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan ; I.T.O. Co. Ltd., 1-6-7-3F Naka-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-0006, Japan.
authors: Takeshi
authors: 0000-0002-1581-1194
authors: T
authors: Nagata
authors: I.T.O. Co. Ltd., 1-6-7-3F Naka-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-0006, Japan ; Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
authors: Shinobu
authors: S
authors: Ito
authors: Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 2-10 Kawadacho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan.
authors: Kazuyoshi
authors: 0000-0002-5336-855X
authors: K
authors: Itoga
authors: Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
authors: Hideko
authors: H
authors: Kanazawa
authors: School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan.
authors: Hitoshi
authors: H
authors: Masaki
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008544:Melanocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000178:diet therapy; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D010636:Phenols; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase