title: Reciprocal and dynamic polarization of planar cell polarity core components and myosin.
abstract: The Ciona notochord displays planar cell polarity (PCP), with anterior localization of Prickle (Pk) and Strabismus (Stbm). We report that a myosin is polarized anteriorly in these cells and strongly colocalizes with Stbm. Disruption of the actin/myosin machinery with cytochalasin or blebbistatin disrupts polarization of Pk and Stbm, but not of myosin complexes, suggesting a PCP-independent aspect of myosin localization. Wash out of cytochalasin restored Pk polarization, but not if done in the presence of blebbistatin, suggesting an active role for myosin in core PCP protein localization. On the other hand, in the pk mutant line, aimless, myosin polarization is disrupted in approximately one third of the cells, indicating a reciprocal action of core PCP signaling on myosin localization. Our results indicate a complex relationship between the actomyosin cytoskeleton and core PCP components in which myosin is not simply a downstream target of PCP signaling, but also required for PCP protein localization.
authors: Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States.
authors: Erin
authors: E
authors: Newman-Smith
authors: Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States.
authors: Matthew J
authors: MJ
authors: Kourakis
authors: Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States.
authors: Wendy
authors: W
authors: Reeves
authors: Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Veeman
authors: Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States.
authors: William C
authors: WC
authors: Smith
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000187:drug effects; D002938:Ciona intestinalis / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D003571:Cytochalasin B / Q000494:pharmacology; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian; D005326:Fetal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006576:Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings / Q000494:pharmacology; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009218:Myosins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009672:Notochord / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020663:ras Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000098908:Brachyury Protein
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003571:Cytochalasin B; D005326:Fetal Proteins; D006576:Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D009218:Myosins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; D020663:ras Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D000098908:Brachyury Protein; C054562:yellow fluorescent protein, Bacteria; C472645:blebbistatin
keywords: Ciona; developmental biology; notohcord; planar cell polarity; stem cells