title: Alternative futures for Borneo show the value of integrating economic and conservation targets across borders.
abstract: Balancing economic development with international commitments to protect biodiversity is a global challenge. Achieving this balance requires an understanding of the possible consequences of alternative future scenarios for a range of stakeholders. We employ an integrated economic and environmental planning approach to evaluate four alternative futures for the mega-diverse island of Borneo. We show what could be achieved if the three national jurisdictions of Borneo coordinate efforts to achieve their public policy targets and allow a partial reallocation of planned land uses. We reveal the potential for Borneo to simultaneously retain ∼50% of its land as forests, protect adequate habitat for the Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) and Bornean elephant (Elephas maximus borneensis), and achieve an opportunity cost saving of over US$43 billion. Such coordination would depend on enhanced information sharing and reforms to land-use planning, which could be supported by the increasingly international nature of economies and conservation efforts.
authors: 1] Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia [2] Borneo Futures Project, Country Woods 306, Jalan WR Supratman, Pondok Ranji-Rengas, Ciputat 15412, Tangerang, Indonesia [3] School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia.
authors: Rebecca K
authors: RK
authors: Runting
authors: 1] Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia [2] Borneo Futures Project, Country Woods 306, Jalan WR Supratman, Pondok Ranji-Rengas, Ciputat 15412, Tangerang, Indonesia [3] Center for International Forestry Research, P.O. Box 0113 BOCBD, Bogor 16000, Indonesia.
authors: Erik
authors: E
authors: Meijaard
authors: 1] Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia [2] Borneo Futures Project, Country Woods 306, Jalan WR Supratman, Pondok Ranji-Rengas, Ciputat 15412, Tangerang, Indonesia [3] Durrell Institute for Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, Marlowe Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NS, UK [4] HUTAN/Kinabatangan Orangutan Conservation Programme, PO Box 3109, 90734 Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia [5] Living Landscape Alliance, 5 Jupiter House, Calleva Park, Aldermaston, Reading RG7 8NN, UK.
authors: Nicola K
authors: NK
authors: Abram
authors: 1] Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia [2] Borneo Futures Project, Country Woods 306, Jalan WR Supratman, Pondok Ranji-Rengas, Ciputat 15412, Tangerang, Indonesia.
authors: Jessie A
authors: 0000000235555108
authors: JA
authors: Wells
authors: Center for International Forestry Research, P.O. Box 0113 BOCBD, Bogor 16000, Indonesia.
authors: David L A
authors: DL
authors: Gaveau
authors: 1] Borneo Futures Project, Country Woods 306, Jalan WR Supratman, Pondok Ranji-Rengas, Ciputat 15412, Tangerang, Indonesia [2] HUTAN/Kinabatangan Orangutan Conservation Programme, PO Box 3109, 90734 Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia [3] Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma MUIS, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia [4] North England Zoological Society, Upton-by-Chester, Chester CH2 1LH, UK.
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Ancrenaz
authors: 1] Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia [2] School of Life Sciences, Imperial College, Silwood Park Campus, Berkshire, SL5 7PY UK.
authors: Hugh P
authors: HP
authors: Possingham
authors: 1] School of Natural Sciences &Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Hatton Garden, Liverpool L3 2AJ, UK [2] Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Serge A
authors: SA
authors: Wich
authors: 1] Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University, Canberra, 0200 ACT, Australia [2] Pelangi Indonesia, Jl. Masjid III No. 25, Pejompongan, Jakarta 10210, Indonesia [3] IDH-The Sustainable Trade Initiative, , Nieuwekade 9, 3511 RV Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: Fitrian
authors: F
authors: Ardiansyah
authors: Wildlife Conservation Society, Malaysia Program, 7, Jalan Ridgeway, 93200 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.
authors: Melvin T
authors: MT
authors: Gumal
authors: Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma MUIS, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
authors: Laurentius N
authors: LN
authors: Ambu
authors: Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia.
authors: Kerrie A
authors: KA
authors: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D001893:Borneo; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D057217:Economic Development; D017753:Ecosystem; D004606:Elephants; D056727:Endangered Species; D065928:Forests; D006801:Humans; D000067936:Natural Resources; D011148:Pongo pygmaeus; D011640:Public Policy