title: Antibacterial, antioxidant, and topical anti-inflammatory activities of Bergia ammannioides: A wound-healing plant.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the traditional use of Bergia ammannioides Henye ex Roth. (Elatinaceae) for the treatment of wounds in India, there is a scarcity of scientific data supporting this use.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to assess wound-healing potentiality of the plant, to study pharmacological activities that may contribute in eliminating wound complications, and to investigate the biologically active fractions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ethanolic extract (EtOH) of the aerial parts was fractionated to obtain n-hexane (HxFr), chloroform (ClFr), ethyl acetate (EtFr), and n-butanol (BuOH) fractions. EtOH and its fractions were formulated in strength of 5 and 10% w/w ointment and tested for wound-healing activity using the excision model. The topical anti-inflammatory, in vitro antioxidant, and antibacterial activities were evaluated. HxFr and EtFr were chemically investigated to isolate their constituents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Application of EtOH, HxFr, and EtFr (10% w/w ointments) leads to 71.77, 85.62, and 81.29% healing of the wounds with an increase in the collagen content. HxFr had the strongest anti-inflammatory (64.5% potency relative to Voltaren®) and antibacterial activity (MIC = 104 μg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus), while EtFr showed the strongest antioxidant activity against DPPH, ABTS(•+), and super oxide radical with an IC50 value of 10.25 ± 0.01, 66.09 ± 0.76, and 167.33 ± 0.91 µg/ml, respectively. β-Sitosterol, lupeol, cyclolaudenol, and cycloartenol were isolated from HxFr. Quercetin, ellagic acid, kaempferol-3-O-α-l-rhamnoside, and quercetin-3-O-α-l-rhamnoside were isolated from EtFr.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study presents scientific evidence for the efficacy of B. ammannioides in enhancing wound healing, and the first isolation of cyclolaudenol and cycloartenol from Bergia.
authors: a Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Kasr El-Aini street , Cairo , Egypt.
authors: Shahira M
authors: SM
authors: Ezzat
authors: a Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Kasr El-Aini street , Cairo , Egypt.
authors: Mouchira A
authors: MA
authors: Choucry
authors: a Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Kasr El-Aini street , Cairo , Egypt.
authors: Zeinab A
authors: ZA
authors: Kandil
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009824:Ointments; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D009824:Ointments; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
keywords: Cycloartenol; cyclolaudenol; wound complications