title: Nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped graphene quantum dots: synthesis from adenosine triphosphate, optical properties, and cellular imaging.
abstract: Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are emerging zero-dimensional materials promising a wide spectrum of applications, particularly, as superior fluorescent reporters for bio-imaging and optical sensing. Heteroatom doping can endow GQDs with new or improved photoluminescence properties. Here, we demonstrate a simple strategy for the synthesis of nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped GQDs from a single biomolecule precursor (adenosine triphosphate - ATP). Such ATP-GQDs exhibit high fluorescence quantum yield, strong two-photon upconversion, small molecular weight, high photostability, and good biocompatibility. Furthermore, transferrin conjugated ATP-GQDs have been used for imaging and real-time tracking of transferrin receptors in live cells.
authors: Bioengineering Program, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457. ChenPeng@ntu.edu.sg.
authors: Arundithi
authors: A
authors: Ananthanarayanan
authors: Yue
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Parimal
authors: P
authors: Routh
authors: Mahasin Alam
authors: MA
authors: Sk
authors: Aung
authors: A
authors: Than
authors: Ming
authors: M
authors: Lin
authors: Jie
authors: J
authors: Zhang
authors: Jie
authors: J
authors: Chen
authors: Handong
authors: H
authors: Sun
authors: Peng
authors: P
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000737:chemistry*; D003584:Cytological Techniques; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000737:chemistry*; D045663:Quantum Dots / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D010758:Phosphorus; D006108:Graphite; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D009584:Nitrogen