title: Training effects on ROS production determined by electron paramagnetic resonance in master swimmers.
abstract: Acute exercise induces an increase in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production dependent on exercise intensity with highest ROS amount generated by strenuous exercise. However, chronic repetition of exercise, that is, exercise training, may reduce exercise-induced oxidative stress. Aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 6-weeks high-intensity discontinuous training (HIDT), characterized by repeated variations of intensity and changes of redox potential, on ROS production and antioxidant capacity in sixteen master swimmers. Time course changes of ROS generation were assessed by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance in capillary blood by a microinvasive approach. An incremental arm-ergometer exercise (IE) until exhaustion was carried out at both before (PRE) and after (POST) training (Trg) period. A significant (P < 0.01) increase of ROS production from REST to the END of IE in PRE Trg (2.82 ± 0.66 versus 3.28 ± 0.66 µmol·min(-1)) was observed. HIDT increased peak oxygen consumption (36.1 ± 4.3 versus 40.6 ± 5.7 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1) PRE and POST Trg, resp.) and the antioxidant capacity (+13%) while it significantly decreased the ROS production both at REST (-20%) and after IE (-25%). The observed link between ROS production, adaptive antioxidant defense mechanisms, and peak oxygen consumption provides new insight into the correlation between ROS response pathways and muscle metabolic function.
authors: Istituto di Bioimmagini e di Fisiologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy.
authors: Simona
authors: S
authors: Mrakic-Sposta
authors: Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università di Milano, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy ; Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy.
authors: Maristella
authors: M
authors: Gussoni
authors: Istituto di Bioimmagini e di Fisiologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy.
authors: Simone
authors: S
authors: Porcelli
authors: Istituto di Bioimmagini e di Fisiologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy.
authors: Lorenzo
authors: L
authors: Pugliese
authors: Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università di Milano, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy.
authors: Gaspare
authors: G
authors: Pavei
authors: Istituto di Bioimmagini e di Fisiologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy.
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Bellistri
authors: Istituto di Bioimmagini e di Fisiologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy ; Università Telematica S. Raffaele Roma, Via F. Daverio 7, 20122 Milano, Italy.
authors: Michela
authors: M
authors: Montorsi
authors: EDEL Therapeutics S.A., PSE-B/EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Tacchini
authors: Istituto di Bioimmagini e di Fisiologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy.
authors: Alessandra
authors: A
authors: Vezzoli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D056352:Athletes; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D005080:Exercise Test; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000032:analysis*; D013550:Swimming
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species