title: Chronic comorbidities in children with type 1 diabetes: a population-based cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence of chronic comorbidities among children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and to compare incidences with a group of children without diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dutch PHARMO database (1998-2010).
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients (<19 years old) with T1D between 1999 and 2009 (T1D cohort) and a group of age- and sex-matched (ratio: 1-4) children without diabetes (reference cohort).
  
  
  METHODS
  The incidence of nine common chronic comorbidities was assessed on the basis that they were treated pharmacologically and/or resulted in hospital admission. Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to estimate the strength of the association between T1D and comorbidities, expressed as HRs and 95% CIs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 915 patients with T1D and 3590 children in the reference cohort (51% boys, mean age of 10.1 (SD 4.5) years) were included. T1D was associated with an increased risk (HR; 95% CI) of hospitalisation for any comorbidity (3.7; 2.5 to 5.5), thyroid disease (14.2; 6.7 to 31.0), non-infectious enteritis and colitis (5.9; 3.0 to 11.5), cardiovascular disorders (3.1; 2.3 to 4.2), mental disorders (2.0; 1.4 to 3.1), epilepsy (2.0; 1.1 to 3.7) and (obstructive) pulmonary disease (1.5; 1.2 to 2.0). There was no significant difference in the incidences of other comorbidities (malignant disorders, anaemia and migraine) between the two cohorts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our longitudinal study showed that incidences of six chronic diseases were significantly higher in T1D children during the early years of developing this disease compared with the reference children.
authors: Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: Soulmaz
authors: S
authors: Fazeli Farsani
authors: Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: Patrick C
authors: PC
authors: Souverein
authors: Department of Paediatrics, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
authors: Marja M J
authors: MM
authors: van der Vorst
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands Division of Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors: Catherijne A J
authors: CA
authors: Knibbe
authors: Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: Anthonius
authors: A
authors: de Boer
authors: Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: Aukje K
authors: AK
authors: Mantel-Teeuwisse
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Diabetes; Epidemiology