title: The Non-carcinogenic Risk of Cadmium in Bottled Water in Different Age Groups Humans: Bandar Abbas City, Iran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The presence of heavy metals such as cadmium in drinking water resources can be dangerous for human because of toxicity and biological accumulation. The consumption of water which contains Cd in high concentration can lead to Bone and Kidney diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this present study, the researcher collected 432 samples of bottled water in the popular marks in summer and winter from the surface of Bandar Abbas. The cadmium concentration was measured by atomic absorption Spectrophotometer in model DR2800 through the Dithizone method. CDI, R and HQ which are caused by Cd for adult men, women and children, have been calculated and evaluated through the equations of EPA and WHO.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean of 1.73±0.19 µg/l (M±SE) is lower than the standard of WHO and EPA. However, 33.2% of all the samples have concentrations more than the standard limit of WHO, and the concentrations of 22.4% of the samples are more than EPA's standard. The CDI for different age groups is as following manner; Children>adult women>adult men. The CDI in children is more than twice as much as in the CDI for adult men and women. The mean of HQ order for different age groups is children>adult men>adult women. Since HQ of adult men (34E-5), adult women (31E-5) and children (84E-5), is lower than 1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It can be said that the population of Bandar Abbas is in a safe area regarding the HQ of the bottled water's cadmium.
authors: Research Center of Social Factors and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
authors: Yadolah
authors: Y
authors: Fakhri
authors: Department of Children's, Nursing Faculty of Nursing, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
authors: Saeedeh
authors: S
authors: Jafarzadeh
authors: Department of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
authors: Bigard
authors: B
authors: Moradi
authors: Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
authors: Yahya
authors: Y
authors: Zandsalimi
authors: Food and Drugs Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran.
authors: Ghazaleh
authors: G
authors: Langarizadeh
authors: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
authors: Leila Rasouli
authors: LR
authors: Amirhajeloo
authors: Research Center for Non-communicable Disease, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.
authors: Maryam
authors: M
authors: Mirzaei
keywords: Bottled Waters; Cadmium; Drinking water; Non-carcinogenic; age groups