title: Brain and behavioral perturbations in rats following Western diet access.
abstract: Energy dense "Western" diets (WD) are known to cause obesity as well as learning and memory impairments, blood-brain barrier damage, and psychological disturbances. Impaired glucose (GLUT1) and monocarboxylate (MCT1) transport may play a role in diet-induced dementia development. In contrast, ketogenic diets (KD) have been shown to be neuroprotective. We assessed the effect of 10, 40 and 90 days WD, KD and Chow maintenance on spontaneous alternation (SA) and vicarious trial and error (VTE) behaviors in male rats, then analyzed blood glucose, insulin, and ketone levels; and hippocampal GLUT1 and MCT1 mRNA. Compared to Chow and KD, rats fed WD had increased 90 day insulin levels. SA was decreased in WD rats at 10, but not 40 or 90 days. VTE was perturbed in WD-fed rats, particularly at 10 and 90 days, indicating hippocampal deficits. WD rats had lower hippocampal GLUT1 and MCT1 expression compared to Chow and KD, and KD rats had increased 90 day MCT1 expression compared to Chow and WD. These data suggest that WD reduces glucose and monocarboxylate transport at the hippocampus, which may result in learning and memory deficits. Further, KD consumption may be useful for MCT1 transporter recovery, which may benefit cognition.
authors: Ingestive Behavior Research Center, Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, 703 Third Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, Asbury Hall, 4400 Massachusetts Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20016, USA. Electronic address: Hargrave@american.edu.
authors: Sara L
authors: SL
authors: Hargrave
authors: Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, Asbury Hall, 4400 Massachusetts Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20016, USA.
authors: Terry L
authors: TL
authors: Davidson
authors: Ingestive Behavior Research Center, Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, 703 Third Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors: Tien-Jui
authors: TJ
authors: Lee
authors: Ingestive Behavior Research Center, Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, 703 Third Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors: Kimberly P
authors: KP
authors: Kinzig
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D003704:Dementia / Q000209:etiology*; D055423:Diet, Ketogenic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D066273:Diet, Western / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007659:Ketones / Q000097:blood; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D027501:Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D027981:Symporters / Q000378:metabolism; D000099233:Monocarboxylate Transport Protein 1
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D007328:Insulin; D007659:Ketones; D027501:Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D027981:Symporters; D000099233:Monocarboxylate Transport Protein 1; C495679:Slc2a1 protein, rat
keywords: GLUT1; Hippocampus; MCT1; Obesity; Spontaneous alternation; Vicarious trial and error