title: Long-term outcome after arterial ischemic stroke in children and young adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare long-term outcome of children and young adults with arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) from 2 large registries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study comparing functional and psychosocial long-term outcome (≥2 years after AIS) in patients who had AIS during childhood (1 month-16 years) or young adulthood (16.1-45 years) between January 2000 and December 2008, who consented to follow-up. Data of children were collected prospectively in the Swiss Neuropediatric Stroke Registry, young adults in the Bernese stroke database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Follow-up information was available in 95/116 children and 154/187 young adults. Median follow-up of survivors was 6.9 years (interquartile range 4.7-9.4) and did not differ between the groups (p = 0.122). Long-term functional outcome was similar (p = 0.896): 53 (56%) children and 84 (55%) young adults had a favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale 0-1). Mortality in children was 14% (13/95) and in young adults 7% (11/154) (p = 0.121) and recurrence rate did not differ (p = 0.759). Overall psychosocial impairment and quality of life did not differ, except for more behavioral problems among children (13% vs 5%, p = 0.040) and more frequent reports of an impact of AIS on everyday life among adults (27% vs 64%, p < 0.001). In a multivariate regression analysis, low Pediatric NIH Stroke Scale/NIH Stroke Scale score was the most important predictor of favorable outcome (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were no major differences in long-term outcome after AIS in children and young adults for mortality, disability, quality of life, psychological, or social variables.
authors: From the Division of Pediatric Neurology (B.G.S., S.B., M.R., M.S.), University Children's Hospital, Inselspital, and University of Bern; Departments of Neurology (B.G.S., A.C., M.A., H.P.M., U.F.) and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.G.), Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, and University of Bern; Division of Pediatric Neurology (J.F.), University Hospital Geneva; Division of Pediatric Neurology (P.W.), University Children's Hospital Basel; and Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.H.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Goeggel Simonetti
authors: From the Division of Pediatric Neurology (B.G.S., S.B., M.R., M.S.), University Children's Hospital, Inselspital, and University of Bern; Departments of Neurology (B.G.S., A.C., M.A., H.P.M., U.F.) and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.G.), Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, and University of Bern; Division of Pediatric Neurology (J.F.), University Hospital Geneva; Division of Pediatric Neurology (P.W.), University Children's Hospital Basel; and Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.H.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: Ariane
authors: A
authors: Cavelti
authors: From the Division of Pediatric Neurology (B.G.S., S.B., M.R., M.S.), University Children's Hospital, Inselspital, and University of Bern; Departments of Neurology (B.G.S., A.C., M.A., H.P.M., U.F.) and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.G.), Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, and University of Bern; Division of Pediatric Neurology (J.F.), University Hospital Geneva; Division of Pediatric Neurology (P.W.), University Children's Hospital Basel; and Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.H.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: Marcel
authors: M
authors: Arnold
authors: From the Division of Pediatric Neurology (B.G.S., S.B., M.R., M.S.), University Children's Hospital, Inselspital, and University of Bern; Departments of Neurology (B.G.S., A.C., M.A., H.P.M., U.F.) and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.G.), Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, and University of Bern; Division of Pediatric Neurology (J.F.), University Hospital Geneva; Division of Pediatric Neurology (P.W.), University Children's Hospital Basel; and Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.H.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: Sandra
authors: S
authors: Bigi
authors: From the Division of Pediatric Neurology (B.G.S., S.B., M.R., M.S.), University Children's Hospital, Inselspital, and University of Bern; Departments of Neurology (B.G.S., A.C., M.A., H.P.M., U.F.) and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.G.), Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, and University of Bern; Division of Pediatric Neurology (J.F.), University Hospital Geneva; Division of Pediatric Neurology (P.W.), University Children's Hospital Basel; and Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.H.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: Mária
authors: M
authors: Regényi
authors: From the Division of Pediatric Neurology (B.G.S., S.B., M.R., M.S.), University Children's Hospital, Inselspital, and University of Bern; Departments of Neurology (B.G.S., A.C., M.A., H.P.M., U.F.) and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.G.), Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, and University of Bern; Division of Pediatric Neurology (J.F.), University Hospital Geneva; Division of Pediatric Neurology (P.W.), University Children's Hospital Basel; and Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.H.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: Heinrich P
authors: HP
authors: Mattle
authors: From the Division of Pediatric Neurology (B.G.S., S.B., M.R., M.S.), University Children's Hospital, Inselspital, and University of Bern; Departments of Neurology (B.G.S., A.C., M.A., H.P.M., U.F.) and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.G.), Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, and University of Bern; Division of Pediatric Neurology (J.F.), University Hospital Geneva; Division of Pediatric Neurology (P.W.), University Children's Hospital Basel; and Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.H.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Gralla
authors: From the Division of Pediatric Neurology (B.G.S., S.B., M.R., M.S.), University Children's Hospital, Inselspital, and University of Bern; Departments of Neurology (B.G.S., A.C., M.A., H.P.M., U.F.) and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.G.), Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, and University of Bern; Division of Pediatric Neurology (J.F.), University Hospital Geneva; Division of Pediatric Neurology (P.W.), University Children's Hospital Basel; and Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.H.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: Joel
authors: J
authors: Fluss
authors: From the Division of Pediatric Neurology (B.G.S., S.B., M.R., M.S.), University Children's Hospital, Inselspital, and University of Bern; Departments of Neurology (B.G.S., A.C., M.A., H.P.M., U.F.) and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.G.), Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, and University of Bern; Division of Pediatric Neurology (J.F.), University Hospital Geneva; Division of Pediatric Neurology (P.W.), University Children's Hospital Basel; and Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.H.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Weber
authors: From the Division of Pediatric Neurology (B.G.S., S.B., M.R., M.S.), University Children's Hospital, Inselspital, and University of Bern; Departments of Neurology (B.G.S., A.C., M.A., H.P.M., U.F.) and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.G.), Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, and University of Bern; Division of Pediatric Neurology (J.F.), University Hospital Geneva; Division of Pediatric Neurology (P.W.), University Children's Hospital Basel; and Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.H.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: Annette
authors: A
authors: Hackenberg
authors: From the Division of Pediatric Neurology (B.G.S., S.B., M.R., M.S.), University Children's Hospital, Inselspital, and University of Bern; Departments of Neurology (B.G.S., A.C., M.A., H.P.M., U.F.) and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.G.), Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, and University of Bern; Division of Pediatric Neurology (J.F.), University Hospital Geneva; Division of Pediatric Neurology (P.W.), University Children's Hospital Basel; and Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.H.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland. maja.steinlin@insel.ch.
authors: Maja
authors: M
authors: Steinlin
authors: From the Division of Pediatric Neurology (B.G.S., S.B., M.R., M.S.), University Children's Hospital, Inselspital, and University of Bern; Departments of Neurology (B.G.S., A.C., M.A., H.P.M., U.F.) and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (J.G.), Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, and University of Bern; Division of Pediatric Neurology (J.F.), University Hospital Geneva; Division of Pediatric Neurology (P.W.), University Children's Hospital Basel; and Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.H.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: Urs
authors: U
authors: Fischer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000401:mortality* / Q000523:psychology; D015984:Causality; D002539:Cerebral Arterial Diseases / Q000401:mortality* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000401:mortality* / Q000523:psychology; D015995:Prevalence; D011584:Psychology; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000401:mortality* / Q000523:psychology; D015996:Survival Rate; D013557:Switzerland / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult