title: State-of-the-art MRI techniques in neuroradiology: principles, pitfalls, and clinical applications.
abstract: This article reviews the most relevant state-of-the-art magnetic resonance (MR) techniques, which are clinically available to investigate brain diseases. MR acquisition techniques addressed include notably diffusion imaging (diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI)) as well as perfusion imaging (dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC), arterial spin labeling (ASL), and dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)). The underlying models used to process these images are described, as well as the theoretic underpinnings of quantitative diffusion and perfusion MR imaging-based methods. The technical requirements and how they may help to understand, classify, or follow-up neurological pathologies are briefly summarized. Techniques, principles, advantages but also intrinsic limitations, typical artifacts, and alternative solutions developed to overcome them are discussed. In this article, we also review routinely available three-dimensional (3D) techniques in neuro MRI, including state-of-the-art and emerging angiography sequences, and briefly introduce more recently proposed 3D quantitative neuro-anatomy sequences, and new technology, such as multi-slice and multi-transmit imaging.
authors: CREATIS, UMR CNRS 5220 - INSERM U1044, INSA de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France, magalieviallon@me.com.
authors: Magalie
authors: M
authors: Viallon
authors: Victor
authors: V
authors: Cuvinciuc
authors: Benedicte
authors: B
authors: Delattre
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Merlini
authors: Isabelle
authors: I
authors: Barnaure-Nachbar
authors: Seema
authors: S
authors: Toso-Patel
authors: Minerva
authors: M
authors: Becker
authors: Karl-Olof
authors: KO
authors: Lovblad
authors: Sven
authors: S
authors: Haller
mesh_terms: D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D059906:Neuroimaging / Q000379:methods*