title: Expression in yeast, new substrates, and construction of a first 3D model of human orphan cytochrome P450 2U1: Interpretation of substrate hydroxylation regioselectivity from docking studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cytochrome P450 2U1 (CYP2U1) has been identified from the human genome and is highly conserved in the living kingdom. In humans, it has been found to be predominantly expressed in the thymus and in the brain. CYP2U1 is considered as an "orphan" enzyme as few data are available on its physiological function(s) and active site topology. Its only substrates reported so far were unsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid, and, much more recently, N-arachidonoylserotonin.
  
  
  METHODS
  We expressed CYP2U1 in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, built a 3D homology model of CYP2U1, screened a library of compounds known to be substrates of CYP2 family with metabolite detection by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and performed docking experiments to explain the observed regioselectivity of the reactions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We show that drug-related compounds, debrisoquine and terfenadine derivatives, subtrates of CYP2D6 and CYP2J2, are hydroxylated by recombinant CYP2U1 with regioselectivities different from those reported for CYP2D6 and 2J2. Docking experiments of those compounds and of arachidonic acid allow us to explain the regioselectivity of the hydroxylations on the basis of their interactions with key residues of CYP2U1 active site.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show for the first time that human orphan CYP2U1 can oxidize several exogenous molecules including drugs, and describe a first CYP2U1 3D model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results could have consequences for the metabolism of drugs particularly in the brain. The described 3D model should be useful to identify other substrates of CYP2U1 and help in understanding its physiologic roles.
authors: UMR 8601 CNRS, University Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité, 75270 Paris, France.
authors: Lionel
authors: L
authors: Ducassou
authors: UMR 9198 CNRS, University Paris Sud, iBiTec-S/SB2SM, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France.
authors: Gabriella
authors: G
authors: Jonasson
authors: UMR 8601 CNRS, University Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité, 75270 Paris, France.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Dhers
authors: UMR 8601 CNRS, University Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité, 75270 Paris, France.
authors: Nicolas
authors: N
authors: Pietrancosta
authors: UMR 8601 CNRS, University Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité, 75270 Paris, France.
authors: Booma
authors: B
authors: Ramassamy
authors: UMR 8601 CNRS, University Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité, 75270 Paris, France.
authors: Yun
authors: Y
authors: Xu-Li
authors: UMR S 775 INSERM, University Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité, 75270 Paris, France.
authors: Marie-Anne
authors: MA
authors: Loriot
authors: UMR S 775 INSERM, University Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité, 75270 Paris, France.
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Beaune
authors: UMR 8601 CNRS, University Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité, 75270 Paris, France.
authors: Gildas
authors: G
authors: Bertho
authors: UMR 8601 CNRS, University Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité, 75270 Paris, France.
authors: Murielle
authors: M
authors: Lombard
authors: UMR 8601 CNRS, University Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité, 75270 Paris, France.
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Mansuy
authors: UMR 9198 CNRS, University Paris Sud, iBiTec-S/SB2SM, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France. Electronic address: francois.andre@cea.fr.
authors: François
authors: F
authors: André
authors: UMR 8601 CNRS, University Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité, 75270 Paris, France.. Electronic address: jean-luc.boucher@parisdescartes.fr.
authors: Jean-Luc
authors: JL
authors: Boucher
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000072467:Cytochrome P450 Family 2; D003647:Debrisoquin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; C484320:CYP2U1 protein, human; D000072467:Cytochrome P450 Family 2; D003647:Debrisoquin
keywords: Active site topology; Debrisoquine; Docking experiment; Expression in yeast; Orphan cytochrome P450; Terfenadone analogue