title: Distinctive structural hallmarks and biological activities of the multiple cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides in a primitive teleost fish.
abstract: Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) represent a crucial component of the innate immune system in vertebrates. Although widely studied in mammals, little is known about the structure and function of fish CAMPs. Further to the previous findings, two more cathelicidin genes and multiple transcripts from rainbow trout were identified in the present study. Interestingly, we found that trout have evolved energy-saving forms of cathelicidins with the total deletion of the characteristic cathelin-like domain. Sequence analysis revealed that salmonid CAMPs have formed a special class of antimicrobial peptides in vertebrates with three distinctive hallmarks: the N terminus is intensified by positive charges, the central region consists of repetitive motifs based on RPGGGS, and the C terminus is lowly charged. Immunofluorescence localization of trout CAMPs demonstrated that these peptides expressed mainly at the mucosal layer of gut. Meanwhile, signals around sinusoids were also detected in head kidney. Moreover, the biological activities of trout CAMPs were proved to be mediated by the N terminus. Additionally, the repetitive motifs characteristically existing in Salmonidae increased the structural flexibilities of peptides and further increased the antibacterial and IL-8-stimulating activities. Unlike most α helical and cytotoxic mammalian CAMPs, trout CAMPs, mainly consisting of β-sheet and random coil, exhibited no cytotoxic activities. The distinctive structural features of trout CAMPs provide new insights into the understanding of the evolution of CAMPs in vertebrates. Moreover, the high bacterial membrane selectivity of trout CAMPs will help to design excellent peptide antibiotics.
authors: Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; and.
authors: Xu-Jie
authors: XJ
authors: Zhang
authors: Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; and.
authors: Xiang-Yang
authors: XY
authors: Zhang
authors: Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; and.
authors: Nu
authors: N
authors: Zhang
authors: Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; and.
authors: Xia
authors: X
authors: Guo
authors: Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
authors: Kai-Song
authors: KS
authors: Peng
authors: Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China;
authors: Han
authors: H
authors: Wu
authors: Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; and.
authors: Long-Feng
authors: LF
authors: Lu
authors: Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China;
authors: Nan
authors: N
authors: Wu
authors: Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; and.
authors: Dan-Dan
authors: DD
authors: Chen
authors: Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China;
authors: Shun
authors: S
authors: Li
authors: Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China;
authors: Pin
authors: P
authors: Nie
authors: Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; yzhang@ihb.ac.cn.
authors: Yong-An
authors: YA
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D054804:Cathelicidins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D054804:Cathelicidins