title: Language control in bilinguals: Intention to speak vs. execution of speech.
abstract: Bilinguals require a high degree of cognitive control to select the language intended for speaking and inhibit the unintended. Previous neuroimaging studies have not teased apart brain regions for generating the intention to use a given language, and those for speaking in that language. Separating these two phases can clarify at what stage competition between languages occurs. In this fMRI study German-English bilinguals were first cued to use German or English. After a delay, they named a picture in the cued language. During the intention phase, the precuneus, right superior lateral parietal lobule, and middle temporal gyrus were more activated when participants had to update the currently active language. During language execution activation was higher for English compared to German in brain areas associated with cognitive control, most notably the anterior cingulate and the caudate. Our results suggest two different systems enabling cognitive control during bilingual language production.
authors: Department of Psychology, Università Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy; NeuroMI - Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: carlo.reverberi@unimib.it.
authors: Carlo
authors: C
authors: Reverberi
authors: Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin and Charité, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Center of Advanced Neuroimaging, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Kuhlen
authors: Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University San Raffaele and Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
authors: Jubin
authors: J
authors: Abutalebi
authors: Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin and Charité, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Center of Advanced Neuroimaging, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors: R Stefan
authors: RS
authors: Greulich
authors: Center of Brain and Cognition, CBC, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Spain.
authors: Albert
authors: A
authors: Costa
authors: Department of Psychology, Università Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy; NeuroMI - Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy.
authors: Shima
authors: S
authors: Seyed-Allaei
authors: Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin and Charité, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Center of Advanced Neuroimaging, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors: John-Dylan
authors: JD
authors: Haynes
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D003463:Cues; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D007802:Language; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D019303:Multilingualism; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bilingualism; Cognitive control; Intention; Language; Lexicon; Naming; Speech; Time resolved fMRI