title: [Early renal tubulointerstitial changes and their interventions with Shenkang Injection in diabetic rats].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore whether renal tubulointerstitial lesions are early renal pathological changes and its interventions in diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The type 2 diabetic rat model was induced by a high-sugar and high-fat diet with a low-dose intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. And Shenkang Injection (SKI) was used as an intervention drug. A total of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into diabetic (DM), DM+SKI (DMSK) and normal control (NC) groups. The general status, blood biochemical parameters, microalbuminuria and urinary N-acetyl-D-glueosaminidas (NAG) were recorded. The insulin resistance of diabetic rats was detected with hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp test.Renal pathological changes were evaluated with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. The expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in kidney tissue and renal interstitial CD68(+) cells was detected with immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of microalbuminuria, urinary NAG, glomerular volume, renal tubular score, TLR4 expression and renal interstitial CD68(+) cells significantly increased in DM rats with body weight loss and insulin resistance (IOD value of TLR4: 6 289.86 ± 272.45 vs 207.14 ± 22.37; CD68(+) cells: 8.79 ± 0.79 vs.1.23 ± 0.52). All changes in DM rats improved after SKI intervention (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Renal tubulointerstitial lesions are early renal damages in type 2 diabetic rats.SKI can attenuate diabetic tubulointerstitial damage and delay the progression of diabetic nephropathy associated with the inhibition of TLR4 expression and inflammation-mediated macrophage infiltration.
authors: Department of Geriatric Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100853, China.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Geriatric Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100853, China.
authors: Qiang
authors: Q
authors: Ma
authors: Department of Geriatric Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100853, China.
authors: Guang
authors: G
authors: Yang
authors: Department of Geriatric Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100853, China.
authors: Jiahui
authors: J
authors: Zhao
authors: Department of Geriatric Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100853, China.
authors: Sheng
authors: S
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Geriatric Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100853, China.
authors: Qiangguo
authors: Q
authors: Ao
authors: Department of Geriatric Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100853, China.
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Du
authors: Department of Geriatric Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100853, China.
authors: Xiaohua
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Geriatric Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100853, China. Email: qlcheng64@163.com.
authors: Qingli
authors: Q
authors: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria; D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D007674:Kidney Diseases; D008264:Macrophages; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; C550195:shenkang