title: Modulating Effects of Spirulina platensis against Tilmicosin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tilmicosin (TIL) is a long-acting macrolide antibiotic used to treat cattle for pathogens that cause bovine respiratory disease. However, overdoses of this medication have been reported to induce cardiac damage. Our experimental objective was to evaluate the protective effects of Spirulina platensis (SP) administration against TIL-induced cardiotoxicity in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our experimental in vivo animal study used 40 male albino mice that were divided into five groups of eight mice per group. The first group served as a control group and was injected with saline. The second group received SP at dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight for five days. The third group received a single dose of TIL (75 mg/kg, subcutaneously). Groups 4 and 5 were given SP at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight for five consecutive days just before administration of TIL at the same dose and regimen used for group 3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TIL treated animals showed a significant increase in serum cardiac injury biomarkers as well as cardiac lipid peroxidation, however they had evidence of an inhibition in antioxidant biomarkers. SP normalized elevated serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), and CK-MB. Furthermore, SP reduced TIL-induced lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Administration of SP minimized the toxic effects of TIL by its free radicalscavenging and potent antioxidant activity.
authors: Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
authors: Abdelaziz E
authors: AE
authors: Ibrahim
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
authors: Mohamed Mohamed
authors: MM
authors: Abdel-Daim
keywords: Antioxidant; Heart; Oxidative Stress; Spirulina; Tilmicosin