title: The neural substrates of response inhibition to negative information across explicit and implicit tasks in GAD patients: electrophysiological evidence from an ERP study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been established that the inability to inhibit a response to negative stimuli is the genesis of anxiety. However, the neural substrates of response inhibition to sad faces across explicit and implicit tasks in general anxiety disorder (GAD) patients remain unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electrophysiological data were recorded when subjects performed two modified emotional go/no-go tasks in which neutral and sad faces were presented: one task was explicit (emotion categorization), and the other task was implicit (gender categorization).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the explicit task, electrophysiological evidence showed decreased amplitudes of no-go/go difference waves at the N2 interval in the GAD group compared to the control group. However, in the implicit task, the amplitudes of no-go/go difference waves at the N2 interval showed a reversed trend. Source localization analysis on no-go/N2 components revealed a decreased current source density (CSD) in the right dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex in GAD individuals relative to controls. In the implicit task, the left superior temporal gyrus and the left inferior parietal lobe showed enhanced activation in GAD individuals and may compensate for the dysfunction of the right dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicated that the processing of response inhibition to socially sad faces in GAD individuals was interrupted in the explicit task. However, this processing was preserved in the implicit task. The neural substrates of response inhibition to sad faces were dissociated between implicit and explicit tasks.
authors: Laboratory of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Department of Medical Psychology, Anhui Medical University Hefei, China.
authors: Fengqiong
authors: F
authors: Yu
authors: Laboratory of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Department of Medical Psychology, Anhui Medical University Hefei, China.
authors: Chunyan
authors: C
authors: Zhu
authors: Laboratory of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Department of Medical Psychology, Anhui Medical University Hefei, China.
authors: Lei
authors: L
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei, China.
authors: Xingui
authors: X
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei, China.
authors: Dan
authors: D
authors: Li
authors: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei, China.
authors: Long
authors: L
authors: Zhang
authors: Laboratory of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Department of Medical Psychology, Anhui Medical University Hefei, China.
authors: Rong
authors: R
authors: Ye
authors: Anhui Mental Health Center Hefei, China.
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Dong
authors: Institute of Social and affective Neuroscience, Shenzhen University Shenzhen, China.
authors: Yuejia
authors: Y
authors: Luo
authors: Anhui Mental Health Center Hefei, China.
authors: Xinlong
authors: X
authors: Hu
authors: Laboratory of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Department of Medical Psychology, Anhui Medical University Hefei, China ; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei, China.
authors: Kai
authors: K
authors: Wang
keywords: N2; general anxiety disorder; go/no-go task; response inhibition; source localization