title: Short-term administration of GW501516 improves inflammatory state in white adipose tissue and liver damage in high-fructose-fed mice through modulation of the renin-angiotensin system.
abstract: High activation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)/(angiotensin-II type 1 receptor) AT1r axis is closely linked to pro-inflammatory effects and liver damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the short-term administration of GW501516 on pro-inflammatory markers in white adipose tissue (WAT) and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), lipogenesis and insulin resistance in the liver upon high-fructose diet (HFru)-induced ACE/AT1r axis activation. Three-month-old male C57Bl/6 mice were fed a standard chow diet or a HFru for 8 weeks. Then, the animals were separated randomly into four groups and treated with GW501516 for 3 weeks. Morphological variables, systolic blood pressure, and plasma determinations were analyzed. In the WAT, the ACE/AT1r axis and pro-inflammatory cytokines were assessed, and in the liver, the ACE/AT1r axis, HSCs, fatty acid oxidation, insulin resistance, and AMPK activation were evaluated. The HFru group displayed a high activation of the ACE/AT1r axis in both the WAT and liver; consequently, we detected inflammation and liver damage. Although GW501516 abolished the increased activation of the ACE/AT1r axis in the WAT, no differences were found in the liver. GW501516 blunted the inflammatory state in the WAT and reduced HSC activation in the liver. In addition, GW501516 alleviates damage in the liver by increasing the expression of the genes that regulate beta-oxidation and decreasing the expression of the genes and proteins that are involved in lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis. We conclude that GW501516 may serve as a therapeutic option for the treatment of a highly activated ACE/AT1r axis in WAT and liver.
authors: Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Av 28 de Setembro 87 fds, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030, Brazil.|Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors: D'Angelo C
authors: DC
authors: Magliano
authors: Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Av 28 de Setembro 87 fds, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030, Brazil.
authors: Aline
authors: A
authors: Penna-de-Carvalho
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Manuel
authors: M
authors: Vazquez-Carrera
authors: Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Av 28 de Setembro 87 fds, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030, Brazil. mandarim@uerj.br.
authors: Carlos A
authors: CA
authors: Mandarim-de-Lacerda
authors: Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Av 28 de Setembro 87 fds, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030, Brazil.
authors: Marcia B
authors: MB
authors: Aguila
mesh_terms: D052436:Adipose Tissue, White / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D005632:Fructose / Q000378:metabolism*; D055166:Hepatic Stellate Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050155:Lipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D047494:PPAR delta / Q000819:agonists*; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C425931:GW 501516; D047494:PPAR delta; D013844:Thiazoles; D005632:Fructose
keywords: ACE/AT1r axis; AMPK; GW501516; Hepatic stellate cells; Inflammation