title: Short communication: Macrocyclic lactone residues in butter from Brazilian markets.
abstract: Macrocyclic lactones (ML) are commonly used in drug formulations for the treatment of parasites in cattle. In Brazil, except for drugs (or formulations) with long-term (half-life) effects, ML are registered for use in bovines. Indiscriminate use of ML may result in the presence of residues in milk and dairy products due to their lipophilic properties and thermal stability. This study applied a method of liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection, recently developed and validated for the determination of residues of abamectin, doramectin, ivermectin, and moxidectin in butter. The method was applied to 38 samples of commercial butter purchased in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between June and September 2013, analyzed in triplicate. Ivermectin was detected in 89.5% of the samples, with concentrations between 0.3 and 119.4 µg/kg; 76.3% of the samples contained doramectin (0.6 to 64.7 µg/kg) and 55.2% contained abamectin (0.7 to 4.5 µg/kg). Most butter samples (76.3%) contained residues of more than 1 ML; however, no residues of moxidectin were detected. The results showed a high incidence of the presence of avermectins in butter samples. Butter is not included in the Brazilian National Plan for Control of Residues and Contaminants in Animal Products. As ML residues concentrate in lipophilic compounds, butter and other fatty dairy products should be screened for the presence of ML residues.
authors: Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brazil Filho, 64, Santa Rosa 24230-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, Valonguinho 24020-141, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
authors: Fabio
authors: F
authors: Macedo
authors: Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brazil Filho, 64, Santa Rosa 24230-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
authors: Eliane Teixeira
authors: ET
authors: Marsico
authors: Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brazil Filho, 64, Santa Rosa 24230-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
authors: Carlos Adam
authors: CA
authors: Conte-Júnior
authors: Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, Valonguinho 24020-141, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
authors: Leonardo
authors: L
authors: de Almeida Furtado
authors: Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, Valonguinho 24020-141, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
authors: Taila Figueredo
authors: TF
authors: Brasil
authors: Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, Valonguinho 24020-141, Niterói, RJ, Brazil. Electronic address: annibal@vm.uff.br.
authors: Annibal Duarte
authors: AD
authors: Pereira Netto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000977:Antiparasitic Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D001938:Brazil; D002079:Butter / Q000032:analysis*; D002417:Cattle; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D005504:Food Analysis; D007783:Lactones / Q000737:chemistry*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000977:Antiparasitic Agents; D007783:Lactones; D002079:Butter
keywords: commercial butter; liquid chromatography; macrocyclic lactone; veterinary drug residue