title: Biological effects of listeriolysin O: implications for vaccination.
abstract: Listeriolysin O (LLO) is a thiol-activated cholesterol-dependent pore-forming toxin and the major virulence factor of Listeria monocytogenes (LM). Extensive research in recent years has revealed that LLO exerts a wide array of biological activities, during the infection by LM or by itself as recombinant antigen. The spectrum of biological activities induced by LLO includes cytotoxicity, apoptosis induction, endoplasmic reticulum stress response, modulation of gene expression, intracellular calcium oscillations, and proinflammatory activity. In addition, LLO is a highly immunogenic toxin and the major target for innate and adaptive immune responses in different animal models and humans. Recently, the crystal structure of LLO has been published in detail. Here, we review the structure-function relationship for this fascinating microbial molecule, highlighting the potential uses of LLO in the fields of biomedicine and biotechnology, particularly in vaccination.
authors: Instituto de Investigaciones Medico-Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, 91700 Veracruz, VER, Mexico ; Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, 91000 Xalapa,VER, Mexico.
authors: K G
authors: KG
authors: Hernández-Flores
authors: Instituto de Investigaciones Medico-Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, 91700 Veracruz, VER, Mexico ; Facultad de Medicina "Dr. Porfirio Sosa Zarate", Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Villa Rica, 94299 Boca del Río, VER, Mexico.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Vivanco-Cid
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; C038705:hlyA protein, Listeria monocytogenes