title: Fast and Online Determination of Five Avermectin Residues in Foodstuffs of Plant and Animal Origin Using Reusable Polymeric Monolithic Extractor Coupled with LC-MS/MS.
abstract: A hydrophobic monolith (10 mm × 2.1 mm i.d.) was developed as a reusable online solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent coupled with LC-MS/MS for the rapid determination of five avermectin residues in foodstuffs of both plant and animal origin. The online SPE was achieved using a 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate solution as the loading solvent, and acetonitrile (MeCN) was selected for the washing step. After being transferred from the monolith into a C18 analytical column using MeCN, the analytes were analyzed by LC-MS/MS using MeCN/0.1% NH4OH (10:90, v/v) as the mobile phase. The detection limit was 2 μg/kg for five avermectins, and the recoveries in fresh pear, chili seed, bovine muscle, and milk ranged from 71.8% to 101.3% with relative standard deviations of less than 8.94%. The online SPE and determination were achieved within 15 min, and the monolithic extractor was reusable for more than 500 experiments.
authors: †School of Public Health, Hebei United University, Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China.
authors: Xin
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: †School of Public Health, Hebei United University, Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China.
authors: Man-Man
authors: MM
authors: Wang
authors: †School of Public Health, Hebei United University, Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China.
authors: Guo-Ying
authors: GY
authors: Zheng
authors: ‡Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China.
authors: Lian-Feng
authors: LF
authors: Ai
authors: †School of Public Health, Hebei United University, Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China.
authors: Xue-Sheng
authors: XS
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001331:Automation; D002212:Capsicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D002417:Cattle; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D031989:Pyrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D011108:Polymers; D007559:Ivermectin; C019264:avermectin
keywords: LC-MS/MS; animal origin food; avermectins; monolithic column; on-line solid-phase extraction; plant origin food