title: Altered resting-state functional connectivity in cortical networks in psychopathy.
abstract: Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by callous antisocial behavior and criminal recidivism. Here we examine whether psychopathy is associated with alterations in functional connectivity in three large-scale cortical networks. Using fMRI in 142 adult male prison inmates, we computed resting-state functional connectivity using seeds from the default mode network, frontoparietal network, and cingulo-opercular network. To determine the specificity of our findings to these cortical networks, we also calculated functional connectivity using seeds from two comparison primary sensory networks: visual and auditory networks. Regression analyses related network connectivity to overall psychopathy scores and to subscores for the "factors" and "facets" of psychopathy: Factor 1, interpersonal/affective traits; Factor 2, lifestyle/antisocial traits; Facet 1, interpersonal; Facet 2, affective; Facet 3, lifestyle; Facet 4, antisocial. Overall psychopathy severity was associated with reduced functional connectivity between lateral parietal cortex and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. The two factor scores exhibited contrasting relationships with functional connectivity: Factor 1 scores were associated with reduced functional connectivity in the three cortical networks, whereas Factor 2 scores were associated with heightened connectivity in the same networks. This dissociation was evident particularly in the functional connectivity between anterior insula and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. The facet scores also demonstrated distinct patterns of connectivity. We found no associations between psychopathy scores and functional connectivity within visual or auditory networks. These findings provide novel evidence on the neural correlates of psychopathy and suggest that connectivity between cortical association hubs, such as the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, may be a neurobiological marker of the disorder.
authors: Departments of Psychiatry and cphilippi@wisc.edu mrkoenigs@wisc.edu.
authors: Carissa L
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3741-3661
authors: CL
authors: Philippi
authors: Departments of Psychiatry and.
authors: Maia S
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1957-611X
authors: MS
authors: Pujara
authors: Departments of Psychiatry and.
authors: Julian C
authors: JC
authors: Motzkin
authors: Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706.
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Newman
authors: Mind Research Network, An Affiliate of Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, and Departments of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Law, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131.
authors: Kent A
authors: KA
authors: Kiehl
authors: Departments of Psychiatry and cphilippi@wisc.edu mrkoenigs@wisc.edu.
authors: Michael
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5799-4881
authors: M
authors: Koenigs
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000473:pathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000098:blood supply*; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012146:Rest; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: antisocial personality disorder; fMRI; fronto-parietal network; functional connectivity; psychopathy; resting-state