title: Orthodontic cements and demineralization: an in vitro comparative scanning electron microscope study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Comparison of the demineralization potential of four luting cements, i.e. zinc phosphate, conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC), resin-modified GIC and acid modified composite resin.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted on 75 extracted premolar teeth, which were grouped into five, each group containing 15 teeth. Groups were non-banded control, teeth cemented with the above-mentioned cements. These were incubated at 37°C for 30 days in sealable plastic containers, after which the teeth were debanded, cleaned and placed in acid gelatin solution at 37°C for 4 weeks to simulate the cariogenic solution. Then, the teeth were sectioned and examined under scanning electron microscope. The depth of the carious lesions was measured using image analysis with Digimizer software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The depth of the carious lesions was maximum with non-banded group, followed by zinc phosphate, acid modified composite resin, resin-modified GIC and conventional GIC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among the four orthodontic banding cements compared, the enamel demineralization potential is least with conventional GIC, followed by resin-modified GIC, acid modified composite resin and zinc phosphate.
authors: Senior Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, Raja Rajeshwari Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Prabhavathi
authors: Professor, Department of Pedodontics, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Dental Sciences, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors: Josy
authors: J
authors: Jacob
authors: Reader, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sree Mookambika Institute of Dental Sciences, Kulasekharam, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors: M Shashi
authors: MS
authors: Kiran
authors: Consultant Orthodontist, KKR Medical Centre and Research Institute, Velachery, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors: Murugesan
authors: M
authors: Ramakrishnan
authors: Dental Surgeon, Beyond Smiles Dental Clinic, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors: Esha
authors: E
authors: Sethi
authors: Reader, Department of Periodontics, Madha Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors: C S
authors: CS
authors: Krishnan
keywords: Acid gelatin; Acid modified composite resin; Demineralization; Luting; Resin modified glass ionomer cement; Scanning electron microscope