title: Relationship between inflammation and oxidative stress and cognitive decline in the institutionalized elderly.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cognitive impairment reduces quality of life and is related to vascular and neurodegenerative disorders. However, there is also a close relationship between these diseases and oxidative stress. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess whether inflammation and oxidative damage are associated with low cognitive performance in the elderly with different housing conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study groups consisted of 32 institutionalized and 25 noninstitutionalized Brazilian elderly subjects. Oxidative damage, inflammation markers, and cognitive function were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results demonstrated pronounced oxidative stress in the institutionalized elderly group, which also had a lower antioxidant status compared to noninstitutionalized subjects. High levels of proinflammatory cytokines were also observed in the institutionalized elderly. Furthermore, the raised levels of inflammatory markers were correlated with increased oxidative stress, and both were associated with low cognitive performance. However, based on multiple linear regression analysis, oxidative stress appears to be the main factor responsible for the cognitive decline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that individuals with lower antioxidant status are more vulnerable to oxidative stress, which is associated with cognitive function, leading to reduced life quality and expectancy.
authors: Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90610 000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil ; Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences (PPGCF), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90610 000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors: Marília
authors: M
authors: Baierle
authors: Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90610 000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil ; Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences (PPGCF), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90610 000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors: Sabrina N
authors: SN
authors: Nascimento
authors: Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90610 000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil ; Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences (PPGCF), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90610 000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors: Angela M
authors: AM
authors: Moro
authors: Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90610 000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil ; Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences (PPGCF), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90610 000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors: Natália
authors: N
authors: Brucker
authors: Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90610 000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil ; Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences (PPGCF), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90610 000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors: Fernando
authors: F
authors: Freitas
authors: Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90610 000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil ; Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences (PPGCF), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90610 000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors: Bruna
authors: B
authors: Gauer
authors: Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90610 000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors: Juliano
authors: J
authors: Durgante
authors: Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 90035 003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors: Suelen
authors: S
authors: Bordignon
authors: Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 90035 003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors: Murilo
authors: M
authors: Zibetti
authors: Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 90035 003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors: Clarissa M
authors: CM
authors: Trentini
authors: Department of Health Sciences, Lutheran University of Brazil, 97020 001 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors: Marta M M F
authors: MM
authors: Duarte
authors: German Institute of Human Nutrition, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
authors: Tilman
authors: T
authors: Grune
authors: Department of Applied Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany.
authors: Nicolle
authors: N
authors: Breusing
authors: Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90610 000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil ; Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences (PPGCF), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90610 000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors: Solange C
authors: SC
authors: Garcia
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D009735:Nursing Homes; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D050050:Protein Carbonylation; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase