title: Exploration of EEG features of Alzheimer's disease using continuous wavelet transform.
abstract: We have developed a novel approach to elucidate several discriminating EEG features of Alzheimer's disease. The approach is based on the use of a variety of continuous wavelet transforms, pairwise statistical tests with multiple comparison correction, and several decision tree algorithms, in order to choose the most prominent EEG features from a single sensor. A pilot study was conducted to record EEG signals from Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and healthy age-matched control (CTL) subjects using a single dry electrode device during several eyes-closed (EC) and eyes-open (EO) resting conditions. We computed the power spectrum distribution properties and wavelet and sample entropy of the wavelet coefficients time series at scale ranges approximately corresponding to the major brain frequency bands. A predictive index was developed using the results from statistical tests and decision tree algorithms to identify the most reliable significant features of the AD patients when compared to healthy controls. The three most dominant features were identified as larger absolute mean power and larger standard deviation of the wavelet scales corresponding to 4-8 Hz (θ) during EO and lower wavelet entropy of the wavelet scales corresponding to 8-12 Hz (α) during EC, respectively. The fourth reliable set of distinguishing features of AD patients was lower relative power of the wavelet scales corresponding to 12-30 Hz (β) followed by lower skewness of the wavelet scales corresponding to 2-4 Hz (upper δ), both during EO. In general, the results indicate slowing and lower complexity of EEG signal in AD patients using a very easy-to-use and convenient single dry electrode device.
authors: Center for Nonlinear Dynamics and Control, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA.
authors: Parham
authors: P
authors: Ghorbanian
authors: NexStep Biomarkers LLC, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
authors: David M
authors: DM
authors: Devilbiss
authors: Palm Drive Hospital, Sebastopol, CA, 95472, USA.
authors: Terry
authors: T
authors: Hess
authors: Palm Drive Hospital, Sebastopol, CA, 95472, USA.
authors: Allan
authors: A
authors: Bernstein
authors: Cerora Inc, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA.
authors: Adam J
authors: AJ
authors: Simon
authors: Center for Nonlinear Dynamics and Control, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA. hashem.ashrafiuon@villanova.edu.
authors: Hashem
authors: H
authors: Ashrafiuon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D003663:Decision Trees; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D058067:Wavelet Analysis
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Continuous wavelet transform; Decision tree; EEG; Entropy