title: Functioning and disability analysis of patients with traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury by using the world health organization disability assessment schedule 2.0.
abstract: The purpose of this study is to compare traumatic brain injuries (TBI) and spinal cord injuries (SCI) patients' function and disability by using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0); and to clarify the factors that contribute to disability. We analyzed data available between September 2012 and August 2013 from Taiwan's national disability registry which is based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) framework. Of the 2664 cases selected for the study, 1316 pertained to TBI and 1348 to SCI. A larger percentage of patients with TBI compared with those with SCI exhibited poor cognition, self-care, relationships, life activities, and participation in society (all p < 0.001). Age, sex, injury type, socioeconomic status, place of residence, and severity of impairment were determined as factors that independently contribute to disability (all p < 0.05). The WHODAS 2.0 is a generic assessment instrument which is appropriate for assessing the complex and multifaceted disability associated with TBI and SCI. Further studies are needed to validate the WHODAS 2.0 for TBI and SCI from a multidisciplinary perspective.
authors: School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan. kuo@s.tmu.edu.tw.|Office of Medical Affairs, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan. kuo@s.tmu.edu.tw.
authors: Chia-Ying
authors: CY
authors: Kuo
authors: Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan. peter_liou@s.tmu.edu.tw.|Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan. peter_liou@s.tmu.edu.tw.|Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan. peter_liou@s.tmu.edu.tw.
authors: Tsan-Hon
authors: TH
authors: Liou
authors: Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan. chang2773@gmail.com.|Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan. chang2773@gmail.com.
authors: Kwang-Hwa
authors: KH
authors: Chang
authors: School of Occupational Therapy, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201 Taiwan. y6312002@gmail.com.
authors: Wen-Chou
authors: WC
authors: Chi
authors: Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401, USA. escorpizo.reuben@gmail.com.|Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil 6207, Switzerland. escorpizo.reuben@gmail.com.
authors: Reuben
authors: R
authors: Escorpizo
authors: Department of Public Health, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City 97004, Taiwan. mapleyeng@gmail.com.
authors: Chia-Feng
authors: CF
authors: Yen
authors: Chinese Association of Early Intervention Profession for Children with Developmental Delays, Hualien City 97064, Taiwan. hfliao@ntu.edu.tw.|School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan. hfliao@ntu.edu.tw.
authors: Hua-Fang
authors: HF
authors: Liao
authors: School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan. hychiou@tmu.edu.tw.
authors: Hung-Yi
authors: HY
authors: Chiou
authors: School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan. wtchiu@tmu.edu.tw.
authors: Wen-Ta
authors: WT
authors: Chiu
authors: Radiation Oncology Department, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561,Taiwan. 10576@s.tmu.edu.tw.
authors: Jo-Ting
authors: JT
authors: Tsai
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012648:Self Care; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013624:Taiwan; D014944:World Health Organization; D055815:Young Adult