title: Multiple sclerosis genetics is dead.
abstract: This review addresses several areas of contention related to the genetic theory for multiple sclerosis (MS). It is argued (a) that the concept of MS as a 'complex disease' has little value, (b) just because a disorder is found in multiple families, it is not necessarily genetically based, (c) although twin studies are claimed to show that MS is '30% genetically based' this concept derives from widely varying data, (d) although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) suggest the presence of several MS related genes this has yet to be proven, (e) monozygotic twins discordant for MS should have a different genetic sequence if the disorder has a genetic basis but data so far suggest this may not be correct and (f) epigenetics or epistasis are contentious topics and may not provide the answer. It is concluded that the role of genetics in MS etiology may be overstated and that attention should now be devoted to environmental causes.
authors: Neuroscience Centre, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK. Electronic address: chrishawkes@msn.com.
authors: Christopher H
authors: CH
authors: Hawkes
keywords: Epigenetics; Epistasis; Genome wide association studies; Multiple sclerosis; Twin studies; Vitamin D