title: Infant temperament: stability by age, gender, birth order, term status, and socioeconomic status.
abstract: Two complementary studies focused on stability of infant temperament across the 1st year and considered infant age, gender, birth order, term status, and socioeconomic status (SES) as moderators. Study 1 consisted of 73 mothers of firstborn term girls and boys queried at 2, 5, and 13 months of age. Study 2 consisted of 335 mothers of infants of different gender, birth order, term status, and SES queried at 6 and 12 months. Consistent positive and negative affectivity factors emerged at all time points across both studies. Infant temperament proved stable and robust across gender, birth order, term status, and SES. Stability coefficients for temperament factors and scales were medium to large for shorter (< 9 months) interassessment intervals and small to medium for longer (> 10 months) intervals.
authors: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
authors: Marc H
authors: MH
authors: Bornstein
authors: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
authors: Diane L
authors: DL
authors: Putnick
authors: Washington State University.
authors: Maria A
authors: MA
authors: Gartstein
authors: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
authors: Chun-Shin
authors: CS
authors: Hahn
authors: Dairy Research Institute.
authors: Nancy
authors: N
authors: Auestad
authors: University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children.
authors: Deborah L
authors: DL
authors: O'Connor
mesh_terms: D001722:Birth Order; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D012923:Social Class; D013694:Temperament / Q000502:physiology*