title: In vitro comparison of cytotoxic and antibacterial effects of 16 commercial toothpastes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Toothpastes are considered as one of the most common and usable cosmetic and hygienic materials. Such materials contain chemicals which may have an adverse effect on oral tissue in humans. The present study aimed to compare the toxic effect of current commercial toothpastes including Iranian products and imported types which are consumed globally on oral epithelial- and HeLa cells as well as to evaluate their antibacterial effect on Streptococcus mutans in Shiraz, Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this experimental study, 16 types of commercial toothpastes were prepared, and their effect was determined on primer epithelial cells of the oral cavity and HeLa cells. Toothpastes anti streptococcal property and toxicity were examined in vitro in different intervals of 1, 2, and 5 min. Data collection and analysis were done using one-way analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All experimented toothpastes revealed variable toxic effects on cultured cells. Through an increase in the time of exposure with toothpastes, the toxicity of these materials substantially increased (P = 0.005). On the other hand, all tested toothpastes showed varying degrees of anti-streptococcal effect in the laboratory (P = 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most cytotoxic effect on primer epithelial cells of oral mucosa and HeLa cells, respectively, belongs to Bath, Daroogar2, Latifeh2, Crend, Sehat, Nasim and Aqua fresh toothpastes; however, the least cytotoxic effect on primer epithelial cells of oral mucosa and HeLa cells, respectively, belongs to Pronamel followed by Crest (sensitive), Close-up, Oral-B, Signal, Colgate, Paradent, and AME.
authors: Associate Professor, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors: Jannan
authors: J
authors: Ghapanchi
authors: Postgraduate Student, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors: Fereshteh
authors: F
authors: Kamali
authors: Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Afagh
authors: A
authors: Moattari
authors: Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Poorshahidi
authors: Postgraduate, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Fars, Shiraz, Iran.
authors: Esmaiel
authors: E
authors: Shahin
authors: Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Fars, Shiraz, Iran.
authors: Fahimeh
authors: F
authors: Rezazadeh
authors: Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors: Hooman
authors: H
authors: Khorshidi
authors: Postgraduate Student, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran.
authors: Samira
authors: S
authors: Jamshidi
keywords: Antibacterial effect; HeLa cell; cytotoxicity; oral epithelial cell; toothpastes