title: Uptake, Metabolic Effects and Toxicity of Arsenate and Arsenite in Astrocytes.
abstract: The inorganic arsenic species arsenate and arsenite are common environmental toxins which contaminate the drinking water in many countries. Chronic intoxication with arsenicals has been connected with various diseases, but causes also neurological complications and impairs cognitive development, learning and memory. In brain, astrocytes have a pivotal role as partners of neurons in homeostatic and metabolic processes. In addition, astrocytes are the first parenchymal brain cell type which encounters substances which cross the blood-brain barrier and are considered as first line of defence against the toxic potential of xenobiotics. Therefore, astrocytes are likely to play a prominent role in the metabolism and potential detoxification of arsenicals in brain. This article summarizes the current knowledge on the uptake and toxicity of arsenate and arsenite in astrocytes and discusses the modulation of the astrocytic glucose and glutathione metabolism by arsenicals.
authors: Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), Center for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany. ralf.dringen@uni-bremen.de.|Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technologies, Leobener Strasse, 28359, Bremen, Germany. ralf.dringen@uni-bremen.de.
authors: Ralf
authors: R
authors: Dringen
authors: Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), Center for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany.
authors: Sabrina
authors: S
authors: Spiller
authors: Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), Center for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany.
authors: Sarah
authors: S
authors: Neumann
authors: Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), Center for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany.|Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technologies, Leobener Strasse, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
authors: Yvonne
authors: Y
authors: Koehler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001149:Arsenates / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity*; D018053:Arsenites / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity*; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006019:Glycolysis; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D001149:Arsenates; D018053:Arsenites; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D019344:Lactic Acid; D005978:Glutathione; D005947:Glucose; C015001:arsenite; C025657:arsenic acid
keywords: Arsenic; GSH; Glycolysis; Metabolism; Toxicity