title: Effect of a single injection of tranexamic acid on blood loss after primary hybrid TKA.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Control of perioperative blood loss is important in total knee arthroplasty (TKA), especially cementless or hybrid TKA. There is increasing interest in the use of tranexamic acid (TXA) for this purpose, however, studies to date have mainly evaluated the effects of various TXA administration regimens on patients who have undergone cemented TKA. We sought to determine (1) whether administration of TXA reduces blood loss after hybrid TKA, and (2) whether an autologous blood reinfusion system is necessary in TKA patients who are treated with TXA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-five patients (100 knees) who underwent hybrid primary TKA (cemented tibia, uncemented femur) were included in this study. The initial 50 knees were treated without TXA and the following 50 were treated with TXA. Intravenous TXA (1000 mg) was administered shortly before deflation of the tourniquet. All continuous variables were expressed as median values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total volumes of blood lost at postoperative 1 day were 590 mL and 150 mL and autotransfusion of collected blood was performed in 88% and 16% of patients in the without and with TXA groups, respectively. A median volume of 400 mL of collected blood was returned to the patients in the without TXA group, and 0 mL to the patients in the with TXA group. The calculated volumes of blood lost were 761 mL and 683 mL (p=0.2250), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One intravenous injection of 1000 mg TXA may help to control postoperative blood loss and reduce the need for postoperative autologous blood reinfusion after hybrid TKA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level II.
authors: Ishii Orthopaedic & Rehabilitation Clinic, 1089 Shimo-Oshi, Gyoda, Saitama 361-0037, Japan. Electronic address: ishii@sakitama.or.jp.
authors: Yoshinori
authors: Y
authors: Ishii
authors: Ishii Orthopaedic & Rehabilitation Clinic, 1089 Shimo-Oshi, Gyoda, Saitama 361-0037, Japan.
authors: Hideo
authors: H
authors: Noguchi
authors: Ishii Orthopaedic & Rehabilitation Clinic, 1089 Shimo-Oshi, Gyoda, Saitama 361-0037, Japan.
authors: Junko
authors: J
authors: Sato
authors: Ishii Orthopaedic & Rehabilitation Clinic, 1089 Shimo-Oshi, Gyoda, Saitama 361-0037, Japan.
authors: Chiduru
authors: C
authors: Tsuchiya
authors: Division of Information Science and Biostatistics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
authors: Shin-Ichi
authors: S
authors: Toyabe
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001804:Blood Transfusion, Autologous; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014148:Tranexamic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents; D014148:Tranexamic Acid
keywords: Autologous blood reinfusion system; Blood loss; Hybrid TKA; Intravenous; Tranexamic acid