title: ART for head and neck patients: On the difference between VMAT and IMPT.
abstract: Anatomical changes in the head-and-neck (H&N) region during the course of treatment can cause deteriorated dose distributions. Different replanning strategies were investigated for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT).
  
  
  METHODS
  For six H&N patients two repeated computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) (CT1/MR1 at week 2 and CT2/MR2 at week 4) scans were acquired additionally to the initial planning CT/MR. Organs-at-risk (OARs) and three targets (CTV70Gy, CTV63Gy, CTV56Gy) were delineated on MRs and transferred to respective CT data set. Simultaneously integrated boost plans were created using VMAT (two arcs) and IMPT (four beams). To assess the need of replanning the initial VMAT and IMPT plans were recalculated on repeated CTs. Furthermore, VMAT and IMPT plans were replanned on the repeated CTs. A Demon algorithm was used for deformable registration of the repeated CTs with the initial CT and utilized for dose accumulation. Total dose estimations were performed to compare ART versus standard treatment strategies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dosimetric evaluation of recalculated plans on CT1 and CT2 showed increasing OAR doses for both, VMAT and IMPT. The target coverage of recalculated VMAT plans was considered acceptable in three cases, while for all IMPT plans it dropped. Adaptation of the treatment reduced D2% for brainstem by 6.7 Gy for VMAT and by 8 Gy for IMPT, for particular patients. These D2% reductions were reaching 9 Gy and 14 Gy for the spinal cord. ART improved target dose homogeneity, especially for protons, i.e. D2% decreased by up to 8 Gy while D98% increased by 1.2 Gy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ART showed benefits for both modalities. However, as IMPT is more conformal, the magnitude of dosimetric changes was more pronounced compared to VMAT. Large anatomic variations had a severe impact on treatment plan quality for both VMAT and IMPT. ART is justified in those cases irrespective of treatment modalities.
authors: a Department of Radiation Oncology , Medical University of Vienna/AKH Wien , Vienna , Austria.
authors: Joanna
authors: J
authors: Góra
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Kuess
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Stock
authors: Piotr
authors: P
authors: Andrzejewski
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Knäusl
authors: Brigita
authors: B
authors: Paskeviciute
authors: Gabriela
authors: G
authors: Altorjai
authors: Dietmar
authors: D
authors: Georg
mesh_terms: D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D061766:Proton Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed