title: An empirical inferential method of estimating nitrogen deposition to Mediterranean-type ecosystems: the San Bernardino Mountains case study.
abstract: The empirical inferential method (EIM) allows for spatially and temporally-dense estimates of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition to Mediterranean ecosystems. This method, set within a GIS platform, is based on ambient concentrations of NH3, NO, NO2 and HNO3; surface conductance of NH4(+) and NO3(-); stomatal conductance of NH3, NO, NO2 and HNO3; and satellite-derived LAI. Estimated deposition is based on data collected during 2002-2006 in the San Bernardino Mountains (SBM) of southern California. Approximately 2/3 of dry N deposition was to plant surfaces and 1/3 as stomatal uptake. Summer-season N deposition ranged from <3 kg ha(-1) in the eastern SBM to ∼ 60 kg ha(-1) in the western SBM near the Los Angeles Basin and compared well with the throughfall and big-leaf micrometeorological inferential methods. Extrapolating summertime N deposition estimates to annual values showed large areas of the SBM exceeding critical loads for nutrient N in chaparral and mixed conifer forests.
authors: USDA Forest Service, PSW Research Station, 4955 Canyon Crest Drive, Riverside, CA 92507, USA. Electronic address: abytnerowicz@fs.fed.us.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Bytnerowicz
authors: Center for Conservation Biology & Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
authors: R F
authors: RF
authors: Johnson
authors: Air Quality Research Division, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario MH3 5T4, Canada.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Zhang
authors: Center for Conservation Biology & Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
authors: G D
authors: GD
authors: Jenerette
authors: USDA Forest Service, PSW Research Station, 4955 Canyon Crest Drive, Riverside, CA 92507, USA. Electronic address: mfenn@fs.fed.us.
authors: M E
authors: ME
authors: Fenn
authors: USDA Forest Service, PSW Research Station, 4955 Canyon Crest Drive, Riverside, CA 92507, USA.
authors: S L
authors: SL
authors: Schilling
authors: Ecotoxicología de la Contaminación Atmosférica, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain.
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Gonzalez-Fernandez
mesh_terms: D002140:California; D017753:Ecosystem; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis*; D054046:Plant Stomata / Q000378:metabolism; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism; D012621:Seasons; D064028:Tracheophyta
chemical_list: D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Complex terrain; Critical loads; Forests; Inferential deposition model; Nitrogen deposition