title: Bactericidal effect of extracts and metabolites of Robinia pseudoacacia L. on Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis causing dental plaque and periodontal inflammatory diseases.
abstract: The mouth cavity hosts many types of anaerobic bacteria, including Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, which cause periodontal inflammatory diseases and dental caries. The present study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial potential of extracts of Robinia pseudoacacia and its different fractions, as well as some of its natural compounds against oral pathogens and a nonpathogenic reference bacteria, Escherichia coli. The antibacterial activity of the crude extract and the solvent fractions (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol) of R. pseudoacacia were evaluated against S. mutans, P. gingivalis and E. coli DH5α by standard micro-assay procedure using conventional sterile polystyrene microplates. The results showed that the crude extract was more active against P. gingivalis (100% growth inhibition) than against S. mutans (73% growth inhibition) at 1.8 mg/mL. The chloroform and hexane fractions were active against P. gingivalis, with 91 and 97% growth inhibition, respectively, at 0.2 mg/mL. None of seven natural compounds found in R. pseudoacacia exerted an antibacterial effect on P. gingivalis; however, fisetin and myricetin at 8 µg/mL inhibited the growth of S. mutans by 81% and 86%, respectively. The crude extract of R. pseudoacacia possesses bioactive compounds that could completely control the growth of P. gingivalis. The antibiotic activities of the hexane and chloroform fractions suggest that the active compounds are hydrophobic in nature. The results indicate the effectiveness of the plant in clinical applications for the treatment of dental plaque and periodontal inflammatory diseases and its potential use as disinfectant for various surgical and orthodontic appliances.
authors: School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea. jkpatra@ynu.ac.kr.
authors: Jayanta Kumar
authors: JK
authors: Patra
authors: Wildlife Genetic Resources Center, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 404-708, Korea. treeofieje@korea.kr.
authors: Eun Sil
authors: ES
authors: Kim
authors: Wildlife Genetic Resources Center, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 404-708, Korea. kyoungheeoh@gmail.com.
authors: Kyounghee
authors: K
authors: Oh
authors: Ensoltek Co., Ltd., Techno 10-ro 51, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-510, Korea. hyeonjeongkim@gmail.com.
authors: Hyeon-Jeong
authors: HJ
authors: Kim
authors: School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea. me_raadika@ynu.ac.kr.
authors: Radhika
authors: R
authors: Dhakal
authors: Ensoltek Co., Ltd., Techno 10-ro 51, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-510, Korea. yangseon@ensoltek.co.kr.
authors: Yangseon
authors: Y
authors: Kim
authors: School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea. khbaek@ynu.ac.kr.
authors: Kwang-Hyun
authors: KH
authors: Baek
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000187:drug effects*; D031301:Robinia / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts