title: Dose titration of FITC-D for optimal measurement of enteric inflammation in broiler chicks.
abstract: Traditionally, antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) have been used in foodstock animals to reduce enteric inflammation and maintain intestinal homeostasis, thus improving growth and performance. Due to increasing restrictions regarding the use of AGP however, precise and high throughput enteric inflammation models and markers to search for effective alternatives are urgently needed. In this paper, oral administration of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d, 3-5 kDa) and its passage into blood was used as a marker for tight junction permeability. In experiement 1, broilers were assigned to a control group, a group which received 24 h feed restriction (FR), or a group which received dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) (0.75% in water for 5 d), and each group then underwent an oral gavage of FITC-d 2.5 h before sample collection on d10. FITC-d in serum and intestinal samples (duodenum and ceca) were found to be higher (P<0.05) after FR than in the DSS and control groups. In experiment 2, FR was evaluated for its effect on mucosal leakage and an oral dose of FITC-d of 0.5, 1.1, or 2.2 mg/chick was used to measure the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) permeability at 6 d of age. The amount of FITC-d remaining in the duodenal tissue of the control birds increased with dose, only the 1.1 mg FITC-d/chick dose resulted in differences (P<0.05) between the control and FR groups. No differences were noted between the control and FR groups, regardless of FITC-d dosage in cecal recovery of FITC-d. Additionally, FR increased FITC-d serum levels when compared to the control group and in a dose-dependent manner. Experiment 3 compared serum levels after administration of 0.55 and 1.1 mg/chick doses of FITC-d in birds treated with FR, rye-based diet (RBD), and DSS. Intestinal sections were collected for FITC-d recovery in the 1.1 mg dosage group. All inflammation treatments significantly increased serum FITC-d levels at both doses. Only FR resulted in increased (P<0.05) FITC-d recovery from duodenum, ileum, and ceca. In conclusion, FR, DSS, and RBD affected GIT tight junction integrity, suggesting their value for enteric inflammation models, and FITC-d may be a good indicator of permeability.
authors: Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 72701, USA.
authors: E A
authors: EA
authors: Vicuña
authors: Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 72701, USA.
authors: V A
authors: VA
authors: Kuttappan
authors: Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 72701, USA.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Tellez
authors: Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 04510, Mexico.
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Hernandez-Velasco
authors: Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 72701, USA.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Seeber-Galarza
authors: Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 72701, USA.
authors: J D
authors: JD
authors: Latorre
authors: Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 72701, USA.
authors: O B
authors: OB
authors: Faulkner
authors: Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 72701, USA.
authors: A D
authors: AD
authors: Wolfenden
authors: Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 72701, USA.
authors: B M
authors: BM
authors: Hargis
authors: Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 72701, USA lbielke@uark.edu.
authors: L R
authors: LR
authors: Bielke
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D031204:Caloric Restriction / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000662:veterinary*; D002432:Cecum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002645:Chickens / Q000502:physiology*; D016264:Dextran Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003911:Dextrans / Q000097:blood*; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000662:veterinary*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004386:Duodenum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D007082:Ileum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects; D010539:Permeability; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000009:adverse effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D019108:Tight Junctions / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; D011134:Polysaccharides; C015219:fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
keywords: dextran sodium sulfate; enteric inflammation; feed restriction; fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran; rye diet