title: Theory and practice in the construction of professional identity in nursing students: a qualitative study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The problem of nurses' professional identity continues to be seen in the disjunction between theoretical training and clinical placements. Moreover, it is not known how nursing students perceive these contradictions or how this discrepancy influences the construction of professional identity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To gain insight into nursing students' perception of their theoretical and practical training and how this training influences the process of constructing their professional identity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative, ethnographic study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Third-year nursing students at the l'Escola Universitària d'Infermeria Vall d'Hebron de Barcelona.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participant observation was conducted in the hospital setting and primary care. Discussion groups were held. The constant comparative method was used for the analysis. The study adhered to the criteria of credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Students believed that both theoretical and practical trainings were indispensable. Nevertheless, clinical placements were considered essential to confer sense to the theory and to shape their identity, as they helped student nurses to experience their future professional reality and to compare it with what they had been taught in theoretical and academic classes. The role of the clinical placement mentor was essential. With regard to theory, the skills developed in problem-based learning gave novice nurses' confidence to approach the problems of daily practice and new situations. Equally, this approach taught them to reflect on what they did and what they were taught and this ability was transferred to the clinical setting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For students, both strategies (theory and practice) are vital to nursing education and the construction of a professional identity, although pride of place is given to clinical placements and mentors. The skills developed with problem-based learning favor active and reflective learning and are transferred to learning in the clinical setting.
authors: Nursing Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Can Domènech, Edifici M, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: antonia.arreciado@uab.cat.
authors: Antonia
authors: A
authors: Arreciado Marañón
authors: Public Health, Mental Health and Maternal Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, Campus Ciències de la Salut de Bellvitge, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: pisla@ub.edu.
authors: Ma Pilar
authors: MP
authors: Isla Pera
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004508:Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate; D006801:Humans; D008611:Mentors / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology; D024802:Nurse's Role; D015402:Nursing Education Research; D011231:Preceptorship; D018794:Problem-Based Learning; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012933:Social Identification; D013338:Students, Nursing / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Education, nursing; Learning; Nursing education research; Qualitative research; Social identity; Students, nursing; Teaching