title: Depersonalization: An exploratory factor analysis of the Italian version of the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  "Depersonalization" (DP) is a common symptom in the general population and psychiatric patients (Michal et al., 2011 [1]). DP is characterized by an alteration in the experience of the self, so that one feels detached from his or her own mental processes or body (or from the world), feeling as being an outside observer of his or her own self, and loosing the experience of unity and identity (American Psychiatric Association, 2013 [2]).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We performed an exploratory factor analysis of the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale Italian version (CDS-IV).
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 149 inpatients and outpatients of psychiatric services located in two Italian regions, Lazio and Campania. Patients were aged between 15 and 65 and diagnosed with schizophrenic, depressive or anxiety disorders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four factors accounted for 97.4% of the variance. Factor 1 (10, 24, 26, 1, 13, 23, 9, 2, 5, and 11), called "Detachment from the Self", captures experiences of detachment from actions and thoughts. Factor 2 (19, 20, 27, 3, 12, 23, 22, and 11), called "Anomalous bodily experiences", refers to unusual bodily experiences. Factor 3 (7, 28, 25, 6, 9, and 2), named "Numbing", describes the dampening of affects. Factor 4 (14, 17, and 16), named "Temporal blunting", refers to the subjective experience of time. We did not find any specific factor that refers to derealization; this suggests that the constructs of depersonalization/derealization (DP/DR) were strongly related to each other.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that the constructs of DP/DR subsume several psychopathological dimensions; moreover, the above mentioned factors were broadly consistent with prior literature.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Mental Health Department, ASL RME. Adolescents Department, Rome, Italy.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Fagioli
authors: NESMOS Department (Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Functions), Sapienza University, 2nd Medical School, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: ltelesforo@yahoo.it.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Telesforo
authors: Mental Health Department, ASL Viterbo, SPDC Viterbo, Italy.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Dell'Erba
authors: UMR8576, UGSF, Neuroplasticity Team, University of Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, Federico II University 2nd Medical School, via Pansini 5 - 80131, Naples.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Consolazione
authors: Mental Health Department, ASL RMD, DSM, via Collautti, Rome, Italy.
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Migliorini
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Patanè
authors: Mental Health Department, ASL RME. Adolescents Department, Rome, Italy.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Boldrini
authors: Mental Health Department, ASL RME. Adolescents Department, Rome, Italy.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Graziani
authors: I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Nicoletti
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Fiori-Nastro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D003861:Depersonalization / Q000523:psychology*; D004213:Dissociative Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014177:Translations