title: Nutritional energy stimulates NAD+ production to promote tankyrase-mediated PARsylation in insulinoma cells.
abstract: The poly-ADP-ribosylation (PARsylation) activity of tankyrase (TNKS) regulates diverse physiological processes including energy metabolism and wnt/β-catenin signaling. This TNKS activity uses NAD+ as a co-substrate to post-translationally modify various acceptor proteins including TNKS itself. PARsylation by TNKS often tags the acceptors for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Whether this TNKS activity is regulated by physiological changes in NAD+ levels or, more broadly, in cellular energy charge has not been investigated. Because the NAD+ biosynthetic enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) in vitro is robustly potentiated by ATP, we hypothesized that nutritional energy might stimulate cellular NAMPT to produce NAD+ and thereby augment TNKS catalysis. Using insulin-secreting cells as a model, we showed that glucose indeed stimulates the autoPARsylation of TNKS and consequently its turnover by the ubiquitin-proteasomal system. This glucose effect on TNKS is mediated primarily by NAD+ since it is mirrored by the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), and is blunted by the NAMPT inhibitor FK866. The TNKS-destabilizing effect of glucose is shared by other metabolic fuels including pyruvate and amino acids. NAD+ flux analysis showed that glucose and nutrients, by increasing ATP, stimulate NAMPT-mediated NAD+ production to expand NAD+ stores. Collectively our data uncover a metabolic pathway whereby nutritional energy augments NAD+ production to drive the PARsylating activity of TNKS, leading to autoPARsylation-dependent degradation of the TNKS protein. The modulation of TNKS catalytic activity and protein abundance by cellular energy charge could potentially impose a nutritional control on the many processes that TNKS regulates through PARsylation. More broadly, the stimulation of NAD+ production by ATP suggests that nutritional energy may enhance the functions of other NAD+-driven enzymes including sirtuins.
authors: Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, United States of America; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America.
authors: Linlin
authors: L
authors: Zhong
authors: Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America.
authors: Tsung-Yin J
authors: TY
authors: Yeh
authors: Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America; Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Hao
authors: Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America.
authors: Nasim
authors: N
authors: Pourtabatabaei
authors: Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, United States of America; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America.
authors: Sushil K
authors: SK
authors: Mahata
authors: Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America.
authors: Jianhua
authors: J
authors: Shao
authors: Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America.
authors: Steven D
authors: SD
authors: Chessler
authors: Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, United States of America; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America.
authors: Nai-Wen
authors: NW
authors: Chi
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000178:Acrylamides / Q000737:chemistry; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D002384:Catalysis; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000235:genetics; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007340:Insulinoma / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D009243:NAD / Q000737:chemistry*; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000737:chemistry; D010880:Piperidines / Q000737:chemistry; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000737:chemistry; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D051381:Rats; D038501:Tankyrases / Q000737:chemistry*; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000178:Acrylamides; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D005947:Glucose; D009243:NAD; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase; D010880:Piperidines; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D038501:Tankyrases; D025801:Ubiquitin; C480543:N-(4-(1-benzoylpiperidin-4-yl)butyl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)acrylamide; C555624:tankyrase 1, rat; C418109:TNKS protein, human