title: Seroprevalence and seroincidence of herpes simplex virus (2006-2010), syphilis (2006-2010), and vaccine-preventable human papillomavirus subtypes (2000-2010) among US military personnel.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sexually transmitted infections have historically been burdensome in military populations. We describe the seroprevalence and seroincidence of vaccine-preventable human papillomavirus (VP-HPV) subtypes in a sample of 200 servicemen, along with the seroprevalence and seroincidence of herpes simplex virus (HSV-1/2) and syphilis in a sample of 200 men and 200 women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sera from 200 men, along with associated demographic data, were obtained and tested for HPV serotypes at service entry and 10 years later. Similarly, 200 active-duty men and 200 active-duty women were tested for HSV-1/2 at entry to service and 4 years later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The baseline prevalence of VP-HPV subtypes was 14.5%, and cumulative seroincidence of new infection was 34% over a 10-year period (n = 68). Of these, 63% (n = 43) represented HPV-6, HPV-11, or both; 18% of new infections were either HPV-16 or HPV-18, and 19% (n = 13) were a mixture of all 4 strains. At entry to military service, 33.5% of men were seropositive for HSV-1 and 1.5% were positive for HSV-2; seroincidence was 3.4 and 1.1 per 100 person-years, respectively. Among women, 39% were seropositive for HSV-1 and 4.0% for HSV-2; seroincidence was 5.5 and 3.3 per 100 person-years, respectively. There were 2 prevalent and 3 incident cases of syphilis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sexually transmitted infections in military populations are highly prevalent, incident, and epidemiologically distinct. Our data show the rates of HPV and HSV-1/2 acquisition that are higher than those seen in the general public, again highlighting the need for continued preventive efforts. Consideration of universal HPV vaccination among men is warranted.
authors: From the *Department of Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD; †Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD; ‡Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Naval Medical Center of San Diego, San Diego, CA; and §Department of Defense Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Silver Spring, MD.
authors: Jennifer
authors: J
authors: Masel
authors: Robert G
authors: RG
authors: Deiss
authors: Xun
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Jose L
authors: JL
authors: Sanchez
authors: Anuradha
authors: A
authors: Ganesan
authors: Grace E
authors: GE
authors: Macalino
authors: Joel C
authors: JC
authors: Gaydos
authors: Mark G
authors: MG
authors: Kortepeter
authors: Brian K
authors: BK
authors: Agan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs / Q000458:organization & administration*; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000196:embryology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015995:Prevalence; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013587:Syphilis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines