title: Crystal structure of a light-driven sodium pump.
abstract: Recently, the first known light-driven sodium pumps, from the microbial rhodopsin family, were discovered. We have solved the structure of one of them, Krokinobacter eikastus rhodopsin 2 (KR2), in the monomeric blue state and in two pentameric red states, at resolutions of 1.45 Å and 2.2 and 2.8 Å, respectively. The structures reveal the ion-translocation pathway and show that the sodium ion is bound outside the protein at the oligomerization interface, that the ion-release cavity is capped by a unique N-terminal α-helix and that the ion-uptake cavity is unexpectedly large and open to the surface. Obstruction of the cavity with the mutation G263F imparts KR2 with the ability to pump potassium. These results pave the way for the understanding and rational design of cation pumps with new specific properties valuable for optogenetics.
authors: 1] Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France. [2] Institut de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Grenoble, France. [3] Institut de Biologie Structurale, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (CEA), Grenoble, France. [4] Laboratory for Advanced Studies of Membrane Proteins, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudniy, Russia. [5] Institute of Complex Systems (ICS), ICS-6, Structural Biochemistry, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
authors: Ivan
authors: I
authors: Gushchin
authors: 1] Laboratory for Advanced Studies of Membrane Proteins, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudniy, Russia. [2] Institute of Complex Systems (ICS), ICS-6, Structural Biochemistry, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany. [3] Institute of Crystallography, University of Aachen (RWTH), Aachen, Germany.
authors: Vitaly
authors: V
authors: Shevchenko
authors: 1] Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France. [2] Institut de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Grenoble, France. [3] Institut de Biologie Structurale, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (CEA), Grenoble, France. [4] Laboratory for Advanced Studies of Membrane Proteins, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudniy, Russia. [5] Institute of Complex Systems (ICS), ICS-6, Structural Biochemistry, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
authors: Vitaly
authors: V
authors: Polovinkin
authors: 1] Laboratory for Advanced Studies of Membrane Proteins, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudniy, Russia. [2] Institute of Complex Systems (ICS), ICS-6, Structural Biochemistry, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
authors: Kirill
authors: K
authors: Kovalev
authors: 1] Laboratory for Advanced Studies of Membrane Proteins, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudniy, Russia. [2] Institute of Complex Systems (ICS), ICS-6, Structural Biochemistry, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
authors: Alexey
authors: A
authors: Alekseev
authors: Institute of Complex Systems (ICS), ICS-6, Structural Biochemistry, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
authors: Ekaterina
authors: E
authors: Round
authors: 1] Laboratory for Advanced Studies of Membrane Proteins, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudniy, Russia. [2] Institute of Complex Systems (ICS), ICS-6, Structural Biochemistry, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
authors: Valentin
authors: V
authors: Borshchevskiy
authors: Institute of Complex Systems (ICS), ICS-6, Structural Biochemistry, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
authors: Taras
authors: 0000000184718041
authors: T
authors: Balandin
authors: European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France.
authors: Alexander
authors: A
authors: Popov
authors: ICS, ICS-4, Cellular Biophysics, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Gensch
authors: ICS, ICS-4, Cellular Biophysics, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
authors: Christoph
authors: C
authors: Fahlke
authors: Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Bamann
authors: 1] Institute of Complex Systems (ICS), ICS-6, Structural Biochemistry, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany. [2] Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors: Dieter
authors: 0000000200657366
authors: D
authors: Willbold
authors: 1] Laboratory for Advanced Studies of Membrane Proteins, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudniy, Russia. [2] ICS, ICS-5, Molecular Biophysics, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
authors: Georg
authors: G
authors: Büldt
authors: Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors: Ernst
authors: E
authors: Bamberg
authors: 1] Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France. [2] Institut de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Grenoble, France. [3] Institut de Biologie Structurale, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (CEA), Grenoble, France. [4] Laboratory for Advanced Studies of Membrane Proteins, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudniy, Russia. [5] Institute of Complex Systems (ICS), ICS-6, Structural Biochemistry, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
authors: Valentin
authors: V
authors: Gordeliy
mesh_terms: D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D041965:Flavobacteriaceae / Q000201:enzymology*; D017136:Ion Transport; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012243:Rhodopsin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000648:ultrastructure*
chemical_list: D012243:Rhodopsin; D012964:Sodium; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D011188:Potassium