title: Detection of mutations in mtrR gene in quinolone resistant strains of N. gonorrhoeae isolated from India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Emergence of multi-drug resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae resulting from new genetic mutation is a serious threat in controlling gonorrhea. This study was undertaken to identify and characterise mutations in the mtrR genes in N.gonorrhoeae isolates resistant to six different antibiotics in the quinolone group.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of five quinolones for 64 N.gonorrhoeae isolates isolated during Jan 2007-Jun 2009 were determined by E-test method. Mutations in MtrR loci were examined by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportion of N.gonorrhoeae strains resistant to anti-microbials was 98.4% for norfloxacin and ofloxacin, 96.8% for enoxacin and ciprofloxacin, 95.3% for lomefloxacin. Thirty-one (48.4%) strains showed mutation (single/multiple) in mtrR gene. Ten different mutations were observed and Gly-45 → Asp, Tyr-105 → His being the most common observed mutation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report from India on quinolone resistance mutations in MtrRCDE efflux system in N.gonorrhoeae. In conclusion, the high level of resistance to quinolone and single or multiple mutations in mtrR gene could limit the drug choices for gonorrhoea.
authors: Department of Microbiology and Clinical Pathology, National AIDS Research Institute, Bhosari, Pune, Maharastra, India.
authors: S V
authors: SV
authors: Kulkarni
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Bala
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Bhattacharya
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Risbud
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015363:Quinolones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D015363:Quinolones; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C087450:mtrR protein, Neisseria gonorrhoeae