title: Physicochemical properties and biological activities of Thai plant mucilages for artificial saliva preparation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plant mucilages can be found in various parts of several Thai plants, which can be used as thickening, moisturizing, and lubricating agents in artificial saliva formulations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties, biological activity, and cytotoxicity of Thai plant mucilages.
  
  
  METHODS
  The mucilages from Thai plants were extracted by various processes (temperature and pH variation, microwave oven, steam, and Tris-HCl buffer extraction). The viscosity and the rheology were evaluated using viscometer. Antioxidative activities including DPPH radical scavenging and metal chelating activities were investigated. The mucilages were determined for cytotoxicity on normal human gingival fibroblasts and anti-adherent activity of Streptococcus mutans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mucilages from Ocimum citriodorum Vis. (Lamiaceae), Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (Moraceae), Abelmoschus esculentus (Linn.) Moench. (Malvaceae), and Basella alba Linn. (Basellaceae) exhibited pseudoplastic non-Newtonian rheology. The highest DPPH radical-scavenging and metal-chelating activities were observed in the mucilages from B. alba (microwave, 3 min) and A. esculentus (microwave, 1 min) with the SC50 and MC50 values (50% of scavenging activity and 50% of metal chelating activity, respectively) of 0.71 ± 0.32 and 1.11 ± 0.52 mg/ml, respectively. Most mucilages exhibited no cytotoxicity to normal human gingival fibroblasts. The mucilage from A. esculentus (microwave, 5 min) gave the shortest wetting time of 2.75 ± 0.51 min. The highest S. mutans adhesion inhibition was observed in A. esculentus (pH 11) of 5.39 ± 9.70%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has indicated the suitable physicochemical and biological properties and the potential application of mucilages from Thai plants for artificial saliva preparation.
authors: Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand .
authors: Aranya
authors: A
authors: Manosroi
authors: Kassara
authors: K
authors: Pattamapun
authors: Narinthorn
authors: N
authors: Khositsuntiwong
authors: Bang-on
authors: BO
authors: Kietthanakorn
authors: Witchapong
authors: W
authors: Issarangporn
authors: Charinya
authors: C
authors: Chankhampan
authors: Worapaka
authors: W
authors: Manosroi
authors: Jiradej
authors: J
authors: Manosroi
mesh_terms: D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D062087:Plant Mucilage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012464:Saliva, Artificial / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013785:Thailand; D014783:Viscosity / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D062087:Plant Mucilage; D012464:Saliva, Artificial
keywords: Adhesion inhibition; antioxidant; cytotoxicity; pseudoplastic non-Newtonian rheology; wetting time