title: Hydrolysis of the rutinose-conjugates flavonoids rutin and hesperidin by the gut microbiota and bifidobacteria.
abstract: Flavonols and flavanones are polyphenols exerting many healthy biological activities. They are often glycosylated by rutinose, which hampers absorption in the small intestine. Therefore they require the gut microbiota to release the aglycone and enable colonic absorption. The role of the gut microbiota and bifidobacteria in the release of the aglycones from two major rutinosides, hesperidin and rutin, was investigated. In bioconversion experiments, the microbiota removed rutinose from both rutin and hesperidin, even though complete hydrolysis was not obtained. To investigate whether bifidobacteria can participate to the hydrolysis of rutinosides, 33 strains were screened. Rutin was resistant to hydrolysis by all the strains. Among six tested species, mostly Bifidobacterium catenulatum and Bifidobacterium pseudocatenultum were able to hydrolyze hesperidin, by means of a cell-associated activity. This result is in agreement with the presence of a putative α-l-rhamnosidase in the genome of B. pseudocatenulatum, while most of the available genome sequences of bifidobacteria aside from this species do not bear this sequence. Even though B. pseudocatenulatum may contribute to the release of the aglycone from certain rutinose-conjugated polyphenols, such as hesperidin, it remains to be clarified whether this species may exert a role in affecting the bioavailability of the rutinoside in vivo.
authors: Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy. alberto.amaretti@unimore.it.
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: Amaretti
authors: Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy. stefano.raimondi@unimore.it.
authors: Stefano
authors: S
authors: Raimondi
authors: Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy. alan.leonardi@unimore.it.
authors: Alan
authors: A
authors: Leonardi
authors: Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy. andrea.quartieri@unimore.it.
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Quartieri
authors: Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy. maddalena.rossi@unimore.it.
authors: Maddalena
authors: M
authors: Rossi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000378:metabolism*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D044950:Flavanones / Q000378:metabolism; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006569:Hesperidin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019936:Probiotics; D012431:Rutin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004187:Disaccharides; D044950:Flavanones; C539209:rutinose; D012431:Rutin; D006569:Hesperidin; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases; C022525:alpha-L-rhamnosidase