title: Time-Dependent Pressure and Flow Behavior of a Self-oscillating Laryngeal Model With Ventricular Folds.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to better understand the pressure-flow behavior of a self-oscillating vocal fold model at various stages of the glottal cycle.
  
  
  METHODS
  An established self-oscillating vocal fold model was extended to include the false vocal folds (FVFs) and was used to study time-dependent pressure and velocity distributions through the larynx (including the true vocal folds [TVFs] and FVFs). Vocal fold vibration was modeled with a finite element method, laryngeal flow was simulated with the solution of unsteady Navier-Stokes equations, and the acoustics of the vocal tract was modeled with a wave reflection method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results demonstrate realistic phonatory behaviors and therefore may be considered as a pedagogical tool for showing detailed aerodynamic, kinematic, and acoustic characteristics. The TVFs self-oscillated regularly with reasonable amplitude and mucosal waves. There were large pressure gradients in the glottal region. The centerline velocity was highest during glottal closing and sharply dropped near the center of the flow vortex. The average centerline velocity was about 25 m/second in the glottal region. The transglottal pressure was higher during glottal closing when the glottal shape was divergent and pressure recovery was present within the glottis. The centerline velocity increased as expected throughout the convergent glottis, tended to decrease throughout the divergent glottis, and decreased past the TVFs within the ventricle-FVF region.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This model produces realistic results and demonstrates interactions among phonation variables of a highly instructive nature, including the influence of the FVFs.
authors: Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. Electronic address: alipour@iowa.uiowa.edu.
authors: Fariborz
authors: F
authors: Alipour
authors: Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio.
authors: Ronald C
authors: RC
authors: Scherer
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D011312:Pressure; D013997:Time Factors; D014732:Vibration; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: False vocal folds; Finite-element model; Glottal pressure distribution; Laryngeal velocity pattern