title: Multimodal Interactions between Proprioceptive and Cutaneous Signals in Primary Somatosensory Cortex.
abstract: The classical view of somatosensory processing holds that proprioceptive and cutaneous inputs are conveyed to cortex through segregated channels, initially synapsing in modality-specific areas 3a (proprioception) and 3b (cutaneous) of primary somatosensory cortex (SI). These areas relay their signals to areas 1 and 2 where multimodal convergence first emerges. However, proprioceptive and cutaneous maps have traditionally been characterized using unreliable stimulation tools. Here, we employed a mechanical stimulator that reliably positioned animals' hands in different postures and presented tactile stimuli with superb precision. Single-unit recordings in SI revealed that most neurons responded to cutaneous and proprioceptive stimuli, including cells in areas 3a and 3b. Multimodal responses were characterized by linear and nonlinear effects that emerged during early (∼20 ms) and latter (> 100 ms) stages of stimulus processing, respectively. These data are incompatible with the modality specificity model in SI, and provide evidence for distinct mechanisms of multimodal processing in the somatosensory system.
authors: The Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, USA. Electronic address: sungsoo@janelia.hhmi.org.
authors: Sung Soo
authors: SS
authors: Kim
authors: The Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA. Electronic address: gomezramirezm@jhu.edu.
authors: Manuel
authors: M
authors: Gomez-Ramirez
authors: The Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
authors: Pramodsingh H
authors: PH
authors: Thakur
authors: The Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
authors: Steven S
authors: SS
authors: Hsiao
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D007699:Kinesthesis; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D009474:Neurons / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D011434:Proprioception / Q000502:physiology*; D012867:Skin / Q000294:innervation*; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D014110:Touch / Q000502:physiology*