title: Effects of pioglitazone or exercise in older adults with mild cognitive impairment and insulin resistance: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of pioglitazone or endurance exercise training on cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and insulin resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-eight adults (mean age ± SD: 65 ± 7 years) with central obesity and MCI were randomized to 6 months of endurance exercise, pioglitazone or control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-six participants completed the study. Exercise training did not significantly increase peak oxygen uptake compared to control (p = 0.12). Compared to control, insulin resistance improved in the pioglitazone group (p = 0.002) but not in the exercise group (p = 0.25). There was no measureable effect of pioglitazone or exercise on cognitive performance compared to control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this pilot study, pioglitazone improved insulin resistance but not cognitive performance in older adults with MCI and insulin resistance.
authors: Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA.
authors: Kerry L
authors: KL
authors: Hildreth
authors: Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA.
authors: Rachael E
authors: RE
authors: Van Pelt
authors: Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA.
authors: Kerrie L
authors: KL
authors: Moreau
authors: Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA.
authors: Jim
authors: J
authors: Grigsby
authors: Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA.
authors: Karin F
authors: KF
authors: Hoth
authors: Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA.
authors: Victoria
authors: V
authors: Pelak
authors: Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA.
authors: C Alan
authors: CA
authors: Anderson
authors: Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA.
authors: Bennett
authors: B
authors: Parnes
authors: Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA.
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Kittelson
authors: Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA.
authors: Pamela
authors: P
authors: Wolfe
authors: Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA.
authors: Tammie
authors: T
authors: Nakamura
authors: Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA.
authors: Sunny A
authors: SA
authors: Linnebur
authors: Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA.
authors: Jennifer M
authors: JM
authors: Trujillo
authors: Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA.
authors: Christina L
authors: CL
authors: Aquilante
authors: Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA.
authors: Robert S
authors: RS
authors: Schwartz
keywords: Exercise; Insulin resistance; Mild cognitive impairment; Pioglitazone