title: Hypoxia and P. gingivalis synergistically induce HIF-1 and NF-κB activation in PDL cells and periodontal diseases.
abstract: Periodontitis is characterized by deep periodontal pockets favoring the proliferation of anaerobic bacteria like Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a periodontal pathogen frequently observed in patients suffering from periodontal inflammation. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the signaling pathways activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of P. gingivalis (LPS-PG) and hypoxia in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. The relevant transcription factors nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) were determined. In addition, we analyzed the expression of interleukin- (IL-) 1β, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in PDL cells on mRNA and protein level. This was accomplished by immunohistochemistry of healthy and inflamed periodontal tissues. We detected time-dependent additive effects of LPS-PG and hypoxia on NF-κB and HIF-1α activation in PDL cells followed by an upregulation of IL-1β, MMP-1, and VEGF expression. Immunohistochemistry performed on tissue samples of gingivitis and periodontitis displayed an increase of NF-κB, HIF-1, and VEGF immunoreactivity in accordance with disease progression validating the importance of the in vitro results. To conclude, the present study underlines the significance of NF-κB and HIF-1α and their target genes VEGF, IL-1β, and MMP-1 in P. gingivalis and hypoxia induced periodontal inflammatory processes.
authors: Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, University Hospital of Bonn, Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Gölz
authors: Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, University Hospital of Bonn, Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Memmert
authors: Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, University Hospital of Bonn, Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Rath-Deschner
authors: Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, University Hospital of Bonn, Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Jäger
authors: Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Appel
authors: Clinic of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn, Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Baumgarten
authors: Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, University Hospital of Bonn, Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany.
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Götz
authors: Clinic of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn, Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Frede
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000150:complications*; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000502:physiology*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000235:genetics; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000502:physiology*; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1