title: Human factors paradigm and customer care perceptions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this paper is to examine if customer care (CC) can be directly linked to patient safety through a human factors (HF) framework.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from an online questionnaire, completed by a convenience healthcare worker sample (n=373), was interrogated using thematic analysis within Vincent et al.'s (1998) HF theoretical framework. This proposes seven areas affecting patient safety: institutional context, organisation and management, work environment, team factors, individual, task and patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis identified responses addressing all framework areas. Responses (597) principally focused on work environment 40.7 per cent (n=243), organisation and management 28.8 per cent (n=172). Nevertheless, reference to other framework areas were clearly visible within the data: teams 10.2 per cent (n=61), individual 6.7 per cent (n=40), patients 6.0 per cent (n=36), tasks 4.2 per cent (n=24) and institution 3.5 per cent (n=21). Findings demonstrate congruence between CC perceptions and patient safety within a HF framework.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The questionnaire requested participants to identify barriers to rather than CC enablers. Although this was at a single site complex organisation, it was similar to those throughout the NHS and other international health systems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CC can be viewed as consonant with patient safety rather than the potentially dangerous consumerisation stance, which could ultimately compromise patient safety.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work provides an original perspective on the link between CC and patient safety and has the potential to re-focus healthcare perceptions.
authors: Centre for Higher Education Research and Practice, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK.
authors: Colin
authors: C
authors: Clarke
authors: Lesley-Jane
authors: LJ
authors: Eales-Reynolds
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003142:Communication; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017146:Models, Organizational; D015279:Organizational Culture; D009937:Organizational Objectives; D061214:Patient Safety; D058996:Quality Improvement; D013222:State Medicine; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom
keywords: Customer care; Human factors; NHS; Patient safety; Thematic analysis