title: Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein C Proteins Interact with the Human Papillomavirus Type 16 (HPV16) Early 3'-Untranslated Region and Alleviate Suppression of HPV16 Late L1 mRNA Splicing.
abstract: In order to identify cellular factors that regulate human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) gene expression, cervical cancer cells permissive for HPV16 late gene expression were identified and characterized. These cells either contained a novel spliced variant of the L1 mRNAs that bypassed the suppressed HPV16 late, 5'-splice site SD3632; produced elevated levels of RNA-binding proteins SRSF1 (ASF/SF2), SRSF9 (SRp30c), and HuR that are known to regulate HPV16 late gene expression; or were shown by a gene expression array analysis to overexpress the RALYL RNA-binding protein of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (hnRNP C) family. Overexpression of RALYL or hnRNP C1 induced HPV16 late gene expression from HPV16 subgenomic plasmids and from episomal forms of the full-length HPV16 genome. This induction was dependent on the HPV16 early untranslated region. Binding of hnRNP C1 to the HPV16 early, untranslated region activated HPV16 late 5'-splice site SD3632 and resulted in production of HPV16 L1 mRNAs. Our results suggested that hnRNP C1 controls HPV16 late gene expression.
authors: From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
authors: Soniya
authors: S
authors: Dhanjal
authors: From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
authors: Naoko
authors: N
authors: Kajitani
authors: From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
authors: Jacob
authors: J
authors: Glahder
authors: From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
authors: Ann-Kristin
authors: AK
authors: Mossberg
authors: From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
authors: Cecilia
authors: C
authors: Johansson
authors: From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden Stefan.Schwartz@med.lu.se.
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078404:Epidermal Cells; D004817:Epidermis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D034482:Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Group C / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012326:RNA Splicing / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; C439788:C1 HNRNP; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D034482:Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Group C; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012367:RNA, Viral; C063317:L1 protein, Human papillomavirus type 16
keywords: DNA viruses; HPV; RNA processing; RNA splicing; RNA-binding protein; tumor virus