title: Ethyl glucuronide in vitreous humor and blood postmortem specimens: analysis by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry and interpreting results of neo-formation of ethanol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The determination of ethyl glucuronide (EtG), a stable and sensitive marker that is specific to alcohol intake, finds many applications both in the forensic toxicology and clinical fields.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study is to examine the possibility of using a cadaveric biological matrix, vitreous humor (VH), to determine EtG as a marker of recent ethanol use.
  
  
  METHODS
  The blood, taken from the femoral vein, and the VH were obtained from 63 autopsy cases. Analysis of the EtG was performed using an LC/MS/MS system. Analyses of the ethanol and putrefaction biomarkers, such as acetaldehyde and n-propanol, were performed using the HS-GC/FID technique in both the matrices.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 17 cases, both ethanol and EtG were absent in both matrices.Nineteen cases presented ethanol in blood from 0.05 to 0.30 g/L, EtG-Blood concentration from 0.02 to 3.27 mg/L, and EtG-VH concentration from 0.01 mg/L to 2.88 mg/L. Thirteen cases presented ethanol in blood > 0.05 g/L but EtG concentration in blood and VH lower than 0.01 mg/L, are part of these 8 samples presented acetic aldehyde and n- propanol in blood or VH, means identification of putrefaction indicators. Fourteen cases presented ethanol in blood > 0.46 and EtG concentration in blood and VH higher than 0.01 mg/L.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The determination of EtG in biological material is important in those cases where the intake of ethanol appears doubtful, as it allows us to exclude the possibility of any post-mortem formation of ethanol.
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Vezzoli
authors: Marzia
authors: M
authors: Bernini
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: De Ferrari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000378:metabolism; D001344:Autopsy; D002102:Cadaver; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D000431:Ethanol / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D053593:Forensic Toxicology; D005965:Glucuronates / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D005965:Glucuronates; C093924:ethyl glucuronide; D000431:Ethanol