title: Effect of fruit vinegars on liver damage and oxidative stress in high-fat-fed rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vinegar has long been used as a condiment and a traditional medicine worldwide.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The current study investigates the antioxidant effect of three types of fruit vinegars (FV) namely pomegranate [Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae)], prickly pear [Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. (Cactaceae)], and apple [Malus domestica Borkh. (Rosaceae)] vinegars in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemic Wistar rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups; HFD (80 cal/d) fed rats were orally dosed with fruit vinegars (7 ml/kg) once daily for 28 weeks. At the end of the experiment, lipid profile, lipid peroxidation products, antioxidant enzymes, and trace elements were assessed in serum. In addition, a liver histopathological study was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HFD showed a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in lipid profile and TBARS levels when compared with normal control. Daily oral administration of FV normalized various biochemical, metabolic, and histopathological changes. However, pomegranate vinegar exhibited a very significant (p ≤ 0.001) reduction in lipid profile levels (total cholesterol: 165%, triglycerides: 68%, LDL-c: 76%, and atherogenic index: 80%), whereas an increase in antioxidant status (SOD: 7-fold, GPx: 4.81-fold, GRx: 1.66-fold, and TAS: 3.45-fold) when compared with hyperlipidemic control. Histopathological examinations also confirmed the protective effects of pomegranate vinegar against lipid accumulation and the improvement of hepatic lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fruit vinegars regulate lipid metabolism and decrease liver damage in high-fat fed rats as shown in this study.
authors: a Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Physiology, FSB, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB) , Algiers , Algeria .
authors: Asma
authors: A
authors: Bouazza
authors: a Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Physiology, FSB, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB) , Algiers , Algeria .|b Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition , Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique , ElHarrach , Algiers , Algeria , and.
authors: Arezki
authors: A
authors: Bitam
authors: b Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition , Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique , ElHarrach , Algiers , Algeria , and.
authors: Malek
authors: M
authors: Amiali
authors: a Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Physiology, FSB, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB) , Algiers , Algeria .
authors: Abdenour
authors: A
authors: Bounihi
authors: c Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences , Central Biochemistry Laboratory, Mustapha Bacha Hospital , Algiers , Algeria.
authors: Lyece
authors: L
authors: Yargui
authors: a Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Physiology, FSB, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB) , Algiers , Algeria .
authors: Elhadj Ahmed
authors: EA
authors: Koceir
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005285:Fermentation; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000032:analysis; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004041:Dietary Fats; D059808:Polyphenols; D019342:Acetic Acid
keywords: Antihyperlipidemic effect; antioxidant effect; apple; pomegranate; prickly pear