title: AP-1-Targeting Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Methanolic Extract of Persicaria chinensis.
abstract: In traditional Chinese medicine, Persicaria chinensis L. has been prescribed to cure numerous inflammatory disorders. We previously analyzed the bioactivity of the methanol extract of this plant (Pc-ME) against LPS-induced NO and PGE2 in RAW264.7 macrophages and found that it prevented HCl/EtOH-induced gastric ulcers in mice. The purpose of the current study was to explore the molecular mechanism by which Pc-ME inhibits activator protein- (AP-) 1 activation pathway and mediates its hepatoprotective activity. To investigate the putative therapeutic properties of Pc-ME against AP-1-mediated inflammation and hepatotoxicity, lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated RAW264.7 and U937 cells, a monocyte-like human cell line, and an LPS/D-galactosamine- (D-GalN-) induced acute hepatitis mouse model were employed. The expression of LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was significantly diminished by Pc-ME. Moreover, Pc-ME reduced AP-1 activation and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation in both LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and differentiated U937 cells. Additionally, we highlighted the hepatoprotective and curative effects of Pc-ME pretreated orally in a mouse model of LPS/D-GalN-intoxicated acute liver injury by demonstrating the significant reduction in elevated serum AST and ALT levels and histological damage. Therefore, these results strongly suggest that Pc-ME could function as an antihepatitis remedy suppressing MAPK/AP-1-mediated inflammatory events.
authors: Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea ; Department of Animal Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh.
authors: Muhammad Jahangir
authors: 0000-0003-1030-5898
authors: MJ
authors: Hossen
authors: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, Republic of Korea.
authors: Seung Cheol
authors: 0000-0002-5000-9914
authors: SC
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-742, Republic of Korea.
authors: Young-Jin
authors: YJ
authors: Son
authors: Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
authors: Kwang-Soo
authors: KS
authors: Baek
authors: Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
authors: Eunji
authors: 0000-0002-1908-5310
authors: E
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
authors: Woo Seok
authors: WS
authors: Yang
authors: Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
authors: Deok
authors: 0000-0001-9092-9662
authors: D
authors: Jeong
authors: Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jae Gwang
authors: JG
authors: Park
authors: Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
authors: Han Gyung
authors: HG
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
authors: Woo-Jae
authors: WJ
authors: Chung
authors: Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
authors: Keejung
authors: K
authors: Yoon
authors: Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea.
authors: Chongsuk
authors: 0000-0001-8363-1059
authors: C
authors: Ryou
authors: Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Sungnam 461-701, Republic of Korea.
authors: Sang Yeol
authors: SY
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jong-Hoon
authors: JH
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jae Youl
authors: 0000-0001-8141-9927
authors: JY
authors: Cho