title: Disease Relapses among Patients with Giant Cell Arteritis: A Prospective, Longitudinal Cohort Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the frequency, timing, and clinical features of relapses in giant cell arteritis (GCA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with GCA enrolled in a prospective, multicenter, longitudinal study were included in the analysis. Relapse was defined as either new disease activity after a period of remission or worsening disease activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 128 subjects: 102 women (80%) and 26 men (20%). Mean ± SD age at diagnosis of GCA was 69.9 ± 8.6 years. Mean followup for the cohort was 21.4 ± 13.9 months. Median (interquartile range) duration of disease at study enrollment was 4.6 months (1.2, 16.8). During followup, 59 relapses were observed in 44 patients (34%). Ten patients (8%) experienced 2 or more relapses. The most common symptoms at relapse were headache (42%) and polymyalgia rheumatica (51%), but ischemic (some transient) manifestations (visual symptoms, tongue or jaw claudication, and/or limb claudication) occurred in 29% of relapses (12% cohort). Forty-three relapses (73%) occurred while patients were taking glucocorticoid therapy at a median (range) prednisone dose of 7.5 (0-35) mg. In 21% of relapses, both erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were normal. Among 69 patients enrolled in the cohort with newly diagnosed disease, 24% experienced a first relapse within 12 months after diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among patients with GCA, relapses are common, often occurring during treatment. ESR and CRP are frequently normal at times of clinical relapse, highlighting the need for better biomarkers to assess disease activity in GCA. There remains a need for effective therapeutic alternatives to glucocorticoids in GCA.
authors: From the Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Biostatistics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Division of Rheumatology, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; The Vasculitis Center, Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA.T.A. Kermani, MD, MS, UCLA; K.J. Warrington, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; D. Cuthbertson, MS, Department of Biostatistics, University of South Florida; S. Carette, MD, FRCPC, Division of Rheumatology, Mount Sinai Hospital; G.S. Hoffman, MD, MS, Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic; N.A. Khalidi, MD, FRCPC, Division of Rheumatology, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University; C.L. Koening, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, University of Utah; C.A. Langford, MD, MHS, Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic; K. Maksimowicz-McKinnon, DO, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh; C.A. McAlear, MA, The Vasculitis Center, Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, and Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; P.A. Monach, MD, PhD, The Vasculitis Center, Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; P. Seo, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University
authors: Tanaz A
authors: TA
authors: Kermani
authors: From the Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Biostatistics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Division of Rheumatology, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; The Vasculitis Center, Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA.T.A. Kermani, MD, MS, UCLA; K.J. Warrington, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; D. Cuthbertson, MS, Department of Biostatistics, University of South Florida; S. Carette, MD, FRCPC, Division of Rheumatology, Mount Sinai Hospital; G.S. Hoffman, MD, MS, Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic; N.A. Khalidi, MD, FRCPC, Division of Rheumatology, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University; C.L. Koening, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, University of Utah; C.A. Langford, MD, MHS, Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic; K. Maksimowicz-McKinnon, DO, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh; C.A. McAlear, MA, The Vasculitis Center, Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, and Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; P.A. Monach, MD, PhD, The Vasculitis Center, Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; P. Seo, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University
authors: Kenneth J
authors: KJ
authors: Warrington
authors: From the Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Biostatistics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Division of Rheumatology, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; The Vasculitis Center, Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA.T.A. Kermani, MD, MS, UCLA; K.J. Warrington, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; D. Cuthbertson, MS, Department of Biostatistics, University of South Florida; S. Carette, MD, FRCPC, Division of Rheumatology, Mount Sinai Hospital; G.S. Hoffman, MD, MS, Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic; N.A. Khalidi, MD, FRCPC, Division of Rheumatology, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University; C.L. Koening, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, University of Utah; C.A. Langford, MD, MHS, Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic; K. Maksimowicz-McKinnon, DO, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh; C.A. McAlear, MA, The Vasculitis Center, Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, and Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; P.A. Monach, MD, PhD, The Vasculitis Center, Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; P. Seo, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Cuthbertson
authors: From the Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Biostatistics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Division of Rheumatology, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; The Vasculitis Center, Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA.T.A. Kermani, MD, MS, UCLA; K.J. Warrington, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; D. Cuthbertson, MS, Department of Biostatistics, University of South Florida; S. Carette, MD, FRCPC, Division of Rheumatology, Mount Sinai Hospital; G.S. Hoffman, MD, MS, Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic; N.A. Khalidi, MD, FRCPC, Division of Rheumatology, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University; C.L. Koening, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, University of Utah; C.A. Langford, MD, MHS, Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic; K. Maksimowicz-McKinnon, DO, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh; C.A. McAlear, MA, The Vasculitis Center, Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, and Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; P.A. Monach, MD, PhD, The Vasculitis Center, Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; P. Seo, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University
authors: Simon
authors: S
authors: Carette
authors: From the Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Biostatistics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Division of Rheumatology, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; The Vasculitis Center, Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA.T.A. Kermani, MD, MS, UCLA; K.J. Warrington, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; D. Cuthbertson, MS, Department of Biostatistics, University of South Florida; S. Carette, MD, FRCPC, Division of Rheumatology, Mount Sinai Hospital; G.S. Hoffman, MD, MS, Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic; N.A. Khalidi, MD, FRCPC, Division of Rheumatology, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University; C.L. Koening, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, University of Utah; C.A. Langford, MD, MHS, Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic; K. Maksimowicz-McKinnon, DO, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh; C.A. McAlear, MA, The Vasculitis Center, Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, and Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; P.A. Monach, MD, PhD, The Vasculitis Center, Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; P. Seo, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University
authors: Gary S
authors: GS
authors: Hoffman
authors: From the Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Biostatistics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Division of Rheumatology, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; The Vasculitis Center, Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA.T.A. Kermani, MD, MS, UCLA; K.J. Warrington, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; D. Cuthbertson, MS, Department of Biostatistics, University of South Florida; S. Carette, MD, FRCPC, Division of Rheumatology, Mount Sinai Hospital; G.S. Hoffman, MD, MS, Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic; N.A. Khalidi, MD, FRCPC, Division of Rheumatology, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University; C.L. Koening, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, University of Utah; C.A. Langford, MD, MHS, Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic; K. Maksimowicz-McKinnon, DO, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh; C.A. McAlear, MA, The Vasculitis Center, Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, and Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; P.A. Monach, MD, PhD, The Vasculitis Center, Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; P. Seo, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University
authors: Nader A
authors: NA
authors: Khalidi
authors: From the Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Biostatistics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Division of Rheumatology, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; The Vasculitis Center, Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA.T.A. Kermani, MD, MS, UCLA; K.J. Warrington, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; D. Cuthbertson, MS, Department of Biostatistics, University of South Florida; S. Carette, MD, FRCPC, Division of Rheumatology, Mount Sinai Hospital; G.S. Hoffman, MD, MS, Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic; N.A. Khalidi, MD, FRCPC, Division of Rheumatology, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University; C.L. Koening, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, University of Utah; C.A. Langford, MD, MHS, Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic; K. Maksimowicz-McKinnon, DO, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh; C.A. McAlear, MA, The Vasculitis Center, Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, and Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; P.A. Monach, MD, PhD, The Vasculitis Center, Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; P. Seo, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University
authors: Curry L
authors: CL
authors: Koening
authors: From the Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Biostatistics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Division of Rheumatology, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; The Vasculitis Center, Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA.T.A. Kermani, MD, MS, UCLA; K.J. Warrington, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; D. Cuthbertson, MS, Department of Biostatistics, University of South Florida; S. Carette, MD, FRCPC, Division of Rheumatology, Mount Sinai Hospital; G.S. Hoffman, MD, MS, Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic; N.A. Khalidi, MD, FRCPC, Division of Rheumatology, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University; C.L. Koening, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, University of Utah; C.A. Langford, MD, MHS, Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic; K. Maksimowicz-McKinnon, DO, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh; C.A. McAlear, MA, The Vasculitis Center, Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, and Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; P.A. Monach, MD, PhD, The Vasculitis Center, Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; P. Seo, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University
authors: Carol A
authors: CA
authors: Langford
authors: From the Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Biostatistics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Division of Rheumatology, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; The Vasculitis Center, Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA.T.A. Kermani, MD, MS, UCLA; K.J. Warrington, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; D. Cuthbertson, MS, Department of Biostatistics, University of South Florida; S. Carette, MD, FRCPC, Division of Rheumatology, Mount Sinai Hospital; G.S. Hoffman, MD, MS, Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic; N.A. Khalidi, MD, FRCPC, Division of Rheumatology, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University; C.L. Koening, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, University of Utah; C.A. Langford, MD, MHS, Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic; K. Maksimowicz-McKinnon, DO, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh; C.A. McAlear, MA, The Vasculitis Center, Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, and Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; P.A. Monach, MD, PhD, The Vasculitis Center, Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; P. Seo, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University
authors: Kathleen
authors: K
authors: Maksimowicz-McKinnon
authors: From the Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Biostatistics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Division of Rheumatology, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; The Vasculitis Center, Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA.T.A. Kermani, MD, MS, UCLA; K.J. Warrington, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; D. Cuthbertson, MS, Department of Biostatistics, University of South Florida; S. Carette, MD, FRCPC, Division of Rheumatology, Mount Sinai Hospital; G.S. Hoffman, MD, MS, Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic; N.A. Khalidi, MD, FRCPC, Division of Rheumatology, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University; C.L. Koening, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, University of Utah; C.A. Langford, MD, MHS, Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic; K. Maksimowicz-McKinnon, DO, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh; C.A. McAlear, MA, The Vasculitis Center, Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, and Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; P.A. Monach, MD, PhD, The Vasculitis Center, Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; P. Seo, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University
authors: Carol A
authors: CA
authors: McAlear
authors: From the Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Biostatistics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Division of Rheumatology, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; The Vasculitis Center, Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA.T.A. Kermani, MD, MS, UCLA; K.J. Warrington, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; D. Cuthbertson, MS, Department of Biostatistics, University of South Florida; S. Carette, MD, FRCPC, Division of Rheumatology, Mount Sinai Hospital; G.S. Hoffman, MD, MS, Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic; N.A. Khalidi, MD, FRCPC, Division of Rheumatology, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University; C.L. Koening, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, University of Utah; C.A. Langford, MD, MHS, Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic; K. Maksimowicz-McKinnon, DO, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh; C.A. McAlear, MA, The Vasculitis Center, Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, and Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; P.A. Monach, MD, PhD, The Vasculitis Center, Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; P. Seo, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University
authors: Paul A
authors: PA
authors: Monach
authors: From the Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Biostatistics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Division of Rheumatology, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; The Vasculitis Center, Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA.T.A. Kermani, MD, MS, UCLA; K.J. Warrington, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; D. Cuthbertson, MS, Department of Biostatistics, University of South Florida; S. Carette, MD, FRCPC, Division of Rheumatology, Mount Sinai Hospital; G.S. Hoffman, MD, MS, Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic; N.A. Khalidi, MD, FRCPC, Division of Rheumatology, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University; C.L. Koening, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, University of Utah; C.A. Langford, MD, MHS, Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic; K. Maksimowicz-McKinnon, DO, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh; C.A. McAlear, MA, The Vasculitis Center, Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, and Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; P.A. Monach, MD, PhD, The Vasculitis Center, Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; P. Seo, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University
authors: Philip
authors: P
authors: Seo
authors: From the Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Biostatistics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Division of Rheumatology, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; The Vasculitis Center, Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA.T.A. Kermani, MD, MS, UCLA; K.J. Warrington, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; D. Cuthbertson, MS, Department of Biostatistics, University of South Florida; S. Carette, MD, FRCPC, Division of Rheumatology, Mount Sinai Hospital; G.S. Hoffman, MD, MS, Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic; N.A. Khalidi, MD, FRCPC, Division of Rheumatology, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University; C.L. Koening, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, University of Utah; C.A. Langford, MD, MHS, Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic; K. Maksimowicz-McKinnon, DO, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh; C.A. McAlear, MA, The Vasculitis Center, Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, and Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; P.A. Monach, MD, PhD, The Vasculitis Center, Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; P. Seo, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University
authors: Peter A
authors: PA
authors: Merkel
authors: Steven R
authors: SR
authors: Ytterberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D013700:Giant Cell Arteritis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011111:Polymyalgia Rheumatica / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D011241:Prednisone
keywords: COHORT STUDY; DISEASE ACTIVITY; GIANT CELL ARTERITIS; RELAPSES