title: Optimization for extracellular polymeric substances extraction of microbial aggregates.
abstract: The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are important macromolecular components in microbial aggregates. The three EPS extraction methods - ultrasound + cation exchange resins (CER) + sulfide, ultrasound + formamide + NaOH, and ultrasound + heat - were investigated in the study, and the component differences of extracted EPS from the loose flocs and dense aerobic granules were compared using chemical analysis and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM). Results showed that the contents of EPS were extracted effectively by ultrasound + formamide + NaOH and ultrasound + heat methods, and the ultrasound + CER + sulfide method did not extract the polysaccharides (PS) or protein (PN) contents from the sludge samples. The 3D-EEM analysis indicated that the nature of peak B/D, peak C/E/F, and peak A/G were attributed to PN-like, humic acid-like and fulvic acid-like fluorophores. All fluorophores can be detected from the EPS extracted through the ultrasound + heat method. Hopefully this will provide more information about the EPS interaction mechanism of microbial aggregates.
authors: Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China E-mail: felix79cn@hotmail.com; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors: Liang
authors: L
authors: Zhu
authors: Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China E-mail: felix79cn@hotmail.com.
authors: Haitian
authors: H
authors: Yu
authors: Hangzhou Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou, 310007, China.
authors: Yimei
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China E-mail: felix79cn@hotmail.com.
authors: Hanying
authors: H
authors: Qi
authors: Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China E-mail: felix79cn@hotmail.com; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors: Xiangyang
authors: X
authors: Xu
mesh_terms: D002411:Cation Exchange Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D005559:Formamides / Q000737:chemistry; D006358:Hot Temperature; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D013440:Sulfides / Q000737:chemistry; D014465:Ultrasonics; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002411:Cation Exchange Resins; D005559:Formamides; D011108:Polymers; D012722:Sewage; D013440:Sulfides; C031066:formamide; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide