title: Global mucosal and serum cytokine profile in patients with ulcerative colitis undergoing anti-TNF therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The knowledge of the effects of anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) treatment on the global cytokine profile in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) is limited. A better understanding of these mechanisms could improve the ability to select patients that should undergo the therapy. Therefore, the aim was to determine the global mucosal and serum cytokine profile before and during induction therapy with anti-TNF in UC patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, mucosal biopsies (n = 28) and serum samples (n = 42) were collected from UC patients (total n = 48) before anti-TNF therapy. At week 14 response to the therapy was evaluated and again mucosal biopsies (n = 14) and serum samples (n = 42) were collected. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to determine mucosal cytokine mRNA expression and the MSD MULTI-ARRAY assay system platform was used for analysis of cytokines in serum. The global cytokine profile was evaluated by multivariate factor analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, the global profile of mucosal cytokine mRNA expression and serum cytokines discriminated therapy responders from non-responders. Responders had lower mucosal mRNA expression of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-17A, IL-6 and interferon γ (IFN-γ) than non-responders. Fourteen weeks after therapy start mucosal IL-1β and IL-6 were down-regulated in therapy responders but not in non-responders. At week 14, serum levels of IL-6 were decreased in therapy responders whereas IFN-γ and IL-12p70 were increased in non-responders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that patients with a therapy failure have a more severe pro-inflammatory cytokine profile before start of anti-TNF treatment, which is less well suppressed by the treatment as compared to therapy responders.
authors: Department of Microbioloy and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden.
authors: Rahil
authors: R
authors: Dahlén
authors: Maria K
authors: MK
authors: Magnusson
authors: Antal
authors: A
authors: Bajor
authors: Anders
authors: A
authors: Lasson
authors: Kjell-Arne
authors: KA
authors: Ung
authors: Hans
authors: H
authors: Strid
authors: Lena
authors: L
authors: Öhman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: IBD; adalimumab; biomarker; cytokine; infliximab; prediction; therapy response; ulcerative colitis