title: [The role of early-life metabolic programming in the pathogenesis of lifestyle diseases].
abstract: In recent years, a blooming period of genomics brings a window of opportunity to assess predispositions to some diseases in individuals, even before the first symptoms appear. However, a risk of becoming ill is more complex, as the gene expression is modified by epigenetic and environmental factors. Fetal development and first months of life are periods of dynamic growth and significant sensitivity to external factors. According to the theory of early-life metabolic programming, adaptive changes in these stages have lasting health effects. Among many environmental factors, the youngest children's diet plays an important role. Breastfeeding of newborns and infants is an essential part of lifestyle diseases prevention. Constantly increasing number of reports link natural nutrition of the youngest children with less risk of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in future life. However, further long-term studies taking into account number of bias factors, explaining protective mechanisms of human milk, are needed.
authors: Klinika Pediatrii i Nefrologii, Uniwersytecki Dziecięcy Szpital Kliniczny w Białymstoku, ul. Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Białystok, Poland, tel. (+48 85) 74-50-828, e-mail: renfil@onet.pl.
authors: Renata
authors: R
authors: Roszkowska
authors: Katarzyna
authors: K
authors: Taranta-Janusz
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Wasilewska
mesh_terms: D001942:Breast Feeding; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior