title: In vitro antioxidant and anti-cholinesterase activities of Rhizophora mucronata.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae), commonly known as Asiatic mangrove, has been used traditionally among Asian countries as folk medicine.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study investigates the cholinesterase inhibitory potential and antioxidant activities of R. mucronata.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rhizophora mucronata leaves were successively extracted using solvents of varying polarity and a dosage of 100-500 µg/ml were used for each assay. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities were assessed according to the method of Ellman. In vitro antioxidant activity was assessed using free radical scavenging, reducing power, and metal-chelating activity (duration - 3 months). Total phenolic and flavonoid content were quantified spectrophotometrically. Compound characterization was done using column chromatography, NMR, FTIR, and LC-MS analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Methanolic leaf extract (500 µg/ml) exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against AChE (92.73 ± 0.54%) and BuChE (98.98 ± 0.17%), with an IC50 value of 59.31 ± 0.35 and 51.72 ± 0.33 µg/ml, respectively. Among the different solvent extracts, methanolic extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 47.39 ± 0.43, 401.45 ± 18.52, 80.23 ± 0.70, and 316.47 ± 3.56 µg/ml for DPPH, hydroxyl, nitric oxide radical, and hydrogen peroxide, respectively. Total polyphenolic and flavonoid contents in methanolic extract were observed to be 598.13 ± 1.85 µg of gallic acid equivalent and 48.85 ± 0.70 μg of rutin equivalent/mg of extract. Compound characterization illustrated (+)-catechin as the bioactive compound responsible for cholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of rich source of flavonoids, in particular catechin, might be responsible for its cholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activities.
authors: a Department of Biotechnology , Alagappa University , Karaikudi , Tamil Nadu , India.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Suganthy
authors: a Department of Biotechnology , Alagappa University , Karaikudi , Tamil Nadu , India.
authors: K Pandima
authors: KP
authors: Devi
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007700:Kinetics; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D043982:Rhizophoraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; butyryl cholinesterase; catechin; enzyme kinetics; total polyphenolic conent