title: A novel, rapid method to quantify intraplatelet calcium dynamics by ratiometric flow cytometry.
abstract: Cytosolic free calcium ions represent important second-messengers in platelets. Therefore, quantitative measurement of intraplatelet calcium provides a popular and very sensitive tool to evaluate platelet activation and reactivity. Current protocols for determination of intracellular calcium concentrations in platelets have a number of limitations. Cuvette-based methods do not allow measurement of calcium flux in complex systems, such as whole blood, and therefore require isolation steps that potentially interfere with platelet activation. Flow cytometry has the potential to overcome this limitation, but to date the application of calibrated, quantitative readout of calcium kinetics has only been described for Indo-1. As excitation of Indo-1 requires a laser in the ultraviolet range, such measurements cannot be performed with a standard flow cytometer. Here, we describe a novel, rapid calibration method for ratiometric calcium measurement in platelets using both Ar(+)-laser excited fluorescence dyes Fluo-4 and Fura Red. We provide appropriate equations that allow rapid quantification of intraplatelet calcium fluxes by measurement of only two standardisation buffers. We demonstrate that this method allows quantitative calcium measurement in platelet rich plasma as well as in whole blood. Further, we show that this method prevents artefacts due to platelet aggregate formation and is therefore an ideal tool to determine basal and agonist induced calcium kinetics.
authors: Institute of Physiology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
authors: Alice
authors: A
authors: Assinger
authors: Institute of Physiology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
authors: Ivo
authors: I
authors: Volf
authors: Institute of Physiology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
authors: Diethart
authors: D
authors: Schmid
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000378:metabolism; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood*; D002138:Calibration; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000378:metabolism; D016014:Linear Models; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014966:Xanthenes / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D001572:Benzofurans; C409648:Fluo 4; D007093:Imidazoles; D014966:Xanthenes; C082877:fura red; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D002118:Calcium