title: Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup phylogeny of the dog: Proposal for a cladistic nomenclature.
abstract: Canis lupus familiaris mitochondrial DNA analysis has increased in recent years, not only for the purpose of deciphering dog domestication but also for forensic genetic studies or breed characterization. The resultant accumulation of data has increased the need for a normalized and phylogenetic-based nomenclature like those provided for human maternal lineages. Although a standardized classification has been proposed, haplotype names within clades have been assigned gradually without considering the evolutionary history of dog mtDNA. Moreover, this classification is based only on the D-loop region, proven to be insufficient for phylogenetic purposes due to its high number of recurrent mutations and the lack of relevant information present in the coding region. In this study, we design 1) a refined mtDNA cladistic nomenclature from a phylogenetic tree based on complete sequences, classifying dog maternal lineages into haplogroups defined by specific diagnostic mutations, and 2) a coding region SNP analysis that allows a more accurate classification into haplogroups when combined with D-loop sequencing, thus improving the phylogenetic information obtained in dog mitochondrial DNA studies.
authors: Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain. Electronic address: rfregel@gmail.com.
authors: Rosa
authors: R
authors: Fregel
authors: Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.
authors: Nicolás M
authors: NM
authors: Suárez
authors: Forensic Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Legal Medicine of Las Palmas, Las Palmas, Spain.
authors: Eva
authors: E
authors: Betancor
authors: Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain.
authors: Ana M
authors: AM
authors: González
authors: Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain.
authors: Vicente M
authors: VM
authors: Cabrera
authors: Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain; Forensic Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Legal Medicine of Las Palmas, Las Palmas, Spain.
authors: José
authors: J
authors: Pestano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D004285:Dogs / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D006239:Haplotypes; D010802:Phylogeny; D009626:Terminology as Topic
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial
keywords: Canis lupus familiaris; Cladistic; Dog; Haplogroup; Mitochondrial DNA; Nomenclature