title: Long noncoding ribonucleic acid specific for distant metastasis of gastric cancer is associated with TRIM16 expression and facilitates tumor cell invasion in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increasing evidence has indicated that long noncoding ribonucleic acids (lncRNAs) play a major role in cancers. Although certain lncRNAs has been reported to play a role in gastric cancer (GC), specific lncRNAs involved in distant metastasis of GC remain unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs between stage IV and non-stage IV GC were obtained by microarray. Gene ontology and pathway analysis were used to study functions of differential mRNAs. Algorithms were used to predict potential gene targets of cis or trans-acting lncRNAs. Network analysis was performed to analyze each pair of gene-lncRNA, gene-gene, or lncRNA-lncRNA interactions. Expression of lncRNA special for distant metastasis of GC (SDMGC) and target gene TRIM16 were tested in GC tissues and cell lines. RNAi and overexpression were used to observe the biological functions of SDMGC and TRIM16 on GC cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  502 mRNAs and 440 lncRNAs were found to be differentially expressed. 74 gene ontology terms and 38 pathways were associated with the dysregulated transcripts. Fourteen core factors were determined by network analysis. Expression of SDMGC and TRIM16 was upregulated in the distant metastasis tissues, compared with primary GC tissues, which were positive correlation. Silencing of SDMGC or TRIM16 was demonstrated to decrease cell invasion and migration, while upregulated of SDMGC or TRIM16 could promote cell invasion and migration. However, little effect on proliferation, cell cycle, colony formation, and apoptosis was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SDMGC is obviously upregulated in stage IV GC and may represent a new marker and therapeutic target for GC treatment.
authors: Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors: Yichao
authors: Y
authors: Yan
authors: Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors: Zhanlong
authors: Z
authors: Shen
authors: Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors: Zhidong
authors: Z
authors: Gao
authors: Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors: Jian
authors: J
authors: Cao
authors: Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Yang
authors: Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors: Bo
authors: B
authors: Wang
authors: Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors: Chao
authors: C
authors: Shen
authors: Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors: Shuqiang
authors: S
authors: Mao
authors: Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors: Kewei
authors: K
authors: Jiang
authors: Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors: Yingjiang
authors: Y
authors: Ye
authors: Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors: Shan
authors: S
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000235:genetics*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000235:genetics; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000235:genetics*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D034622:RNA Interference; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D000070584:Tripartite Motif Proteins; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000070584:Tripartite Motif Proteins; C117731:TRIM16 protein, human; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
keywords: LOC100507069; gastric cancer; invasion; long noncoding RNA; metastasis