title: Electrochemical detection of a single cytomegalovirus at an ultramicroelectrode and its antibody anchoring.
abstract: We report observations of stochastic collisions of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) on ultramicroelectrodes (UMEs), extending the observation of discrete collision events on UMEs to biologically relevant analytes. Adsorption of an antibody specific for a virion surface glycoprotein allowed differentiation of MCMV from MCMV bound by antibody from the collision frequency decrease and current magnitudes in the electrochemical collision experiments, which shows the efficacy of the method to size viral samples. To add selectivity to the technique, interactions between MCMV, a glycoprotein-specific primary antibody to MCMV, and polystyrene bead "anchors," which were functionalized with a secondary antibody specific to the Fc region of the primary antibody, were used to affect virus mobility. Bead aggregation was observed, and the extent of aggregation was measured using the electrochemical collision technique. Scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy further supported aggregate shape and extent of aggregation with and without MCMV. This work extends the field of collisions to biologically relevant antigens and provides a novel foundation upon which qualitative sensor technology might be built for selective detection of viruses and other biologically relevant analytes.
authors: Department of Chemistry, Center for Electrochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712; and.
authors: Jeffrey E
authors: JE
authors: Dick
authors: Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712.
authors: Adam T
authors: AT
authors: Hilterbrand
authors: Department of Chemistry, Center for Electrochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712; and.
authors: Aliaksei
authors: A
authors: Boika
authors: Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712.
authors: Jason W
authors: JW
authors: Upton
authors: Department of Chemistry, Center for Electrochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712; and ajbard@mail.utexas.edu.
authors: Allen J
authors: AJ
authors: Bard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000737:chemistry*; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000737:chemistry*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008839:Microelectrodes; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral
keywords: collisions; cytomegalovirus; electrochemistry; murine cytomegalovirus; virus