title: Intravenous immunoglobulin use in septic shock patients after emergency laparotomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The role of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) as an adjunctive treatment for abdominal sepsis remains controversial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mechanically ventilated septic shock patients following emergency laparotomy for perforation of the lower intestinal tract were identified in the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination inpatient database from July 2010 to March 2013. The effect of IVIG use on 28-day mortality was evaluated using propensity score and instrumental variable analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eligible patients (n = 4919) treated at 845 hospitals were divided into IVIG (n = 2085) and control (n = 2834) groups. Propensity score matching created a matched cohort of 1081pairs with and without IVIG treatment. Although significant mortality differences existed between the IVIG and control groups in the unmatched analysis (20.6% vs. 18.3%; difference, 2.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.07-4.5), there were no significant differences in the propensity score-matched analysis (20.4% vs. 19.3%; difference, 1.1%; 95% CI, -2.3-4.5). Analysis employing the pattern of hospital IVIG use as an instrumental variable showed that IVIG use was not associated with reduced mortality (difference -2.5; 95% CI, -6.5-1.6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There may be no significant association between IVIG use and mortality in mechanically ventilated septic shock patients after emergency laparotomy.
authors: Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8555, Japan; Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan. Electronic address: t-tagami@nms.ac.jp.
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Tagami
authors: Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8555, Japan. Electronic address: ptmatsui@gmail.com.
authors: Hiroki
authors: H
authors: Matsui
authors: Department of Health Informatics and Policy, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan. Electronic address: kfushimi.hci@tmd.ac.jp.
authors: Kiyohide
authors: K
authors: Fushimi
authors: Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8555, Japan. Electronic address: yasunagah-tky@umin.ac.jp.
authors: Hideo
authors: H
authors: Yasunaga
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007416:Intestinal Perforation / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D007813:Laparotomy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000628:therapy*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous
keywords: Bacteremia; Critical care; Immunoglobulins; Mechanical ventilation; Surgery