title: Impaired facial emotion recognition in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis and with first-episode schizophrenia, and their associations with neurocognitive deficits and self-reported schizotypy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to quantify facial emotion recognition abnormalities and their relation to neurocognitive dysfunction and schizotypy in individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis and patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty individuals at UHR for psychosis, 24 patients with FES and 46 normal controls performed a facial emotion recognition task that presented facial photographs encompassing all basic emotions. The perceptual aberration scale and revised social anhedonia scale were employed for self-reported assessment of schizotypy. An intellectual functioning (IQ) test and a broad battery of neurocognitive tests were conducted. Emotional task performance indexed by accuracy rate of specific emotion was compared among three groups. The correlation of accuracy rate with neurocognitive tests and schizotypy scales were analyzed within each clinical group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A recognition deficit of facial emotions was present in both clinical groups, even after adjusting for IQ and gender as covariates. This emotional deficit showed few significant relationships with broad range of individual neurocognitive measures. Meanwhile, this deficit demonstrated significant relationships with schizotypy, especially perceptual aberration in each clinical group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Facial emotion recognition deficit may not only be present in FES patients, but may already have evolved prior to the onset of overt psychotic symptoms. This emotion recognition deficit may be linked to a perceptual aberration and largely independent of broad range of neurocognitive dysfunction.
authors: Section of Affect and Neuroscience, Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Su Young
authors: SY
authors: Lee
authors: Section of Affect and Neuroscience, Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Minji
authors: M
authors: Bang
authors: Section of Affect and Neuroscience, Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Kyung Ran
authors: KR
authors: Kim
authors: Section of Affect and Neuroscience, Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Mi Kyung
authors: MK
authors: Lee
authors: Section of Affect and Neuroscience, Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Jin Young
authors: JY
authors: Park
authors: Section of Affect and Neuroscience, Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Yun Young
authors: YY
authors: Song
authors: Section of Affect and Neuroscience, Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Jee In
authors: JI
authors: Kang
authors: Section of Affect and Neuroscience, Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Eun
authors: E
authors: Lee
authors: Section of Affect and Neuroscience, Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Graduate Program in Cognitive Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: ansk@yuhs.ac.
authors: Suk Kyoon
authors: SK
authors: An
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D004644:Emotions; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications*; D012569:Schizotypal Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D057566:Self Report; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Deficit; Facial emotions recognition; First-episode; Neurocognition; Schizophrenia; Schizotypy; Ultra-high risk for psychosis