title: Evolution of DNA aptamers through in vitro metastatic-cell-based systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment for metastatic cancer recognition and imaging.
abstract: Metastasis, the capability of tumor cells to spread and grow at distant sites, is the primary factor in cancer mortality. Because metastasis in sentinel lymph nodes suggests the original spread of tumors from a primary site, the detection of lymph node involvement with cancer serves as an important prognostic and treatment parameter. Here we have developed a panel of DNA aptamers specifically binding to colon cancer cell SW620 derived from metastatic site lymph node, with high affinity after 14 rounds of selection by the cell-SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) method. The binding affinities of selected aptamers were evaluated by flow cytometry. Aptamer XL-33 with the best binding affinity (0.7 nM) and its truncated sequence XL-33-1 with 45 nt showed excellent selectivity for recognizing target cell SW620. The binding entity of the selected aptamer has been preliminarily determined as a membrane protein on the cell surface. Tissue imaging results showed that XL-33-1 was highly specific to the metastatic tumor tissue or lymph node tissue with corresponding cancer metastasis and displayed an 81.7% detection rate against colon cancer tissue with metastasis in regional lymph nodes. These results suggest that XL-33-1 has great potential to become a molecular imaging agent for early detection of lymph node tissue with colon cancer metastasis. More importantly, this study clearly demonstrates that DNA ligands selectively recognizing metastatic cancer cells can be readily generated by metastatic-cell-based SELEX for potential applications in metastatic cancer diagnosis and treatment.
authors: †State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Affiliated Chenggong Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China.
authors: Xilan
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: †State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Affiliated Chenggong Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China.
authors: Yuan
authors: Y
authors: An
authors: ‡State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
authors: Jiang
authors: J
authors: Jin
authors: †State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Affiliated Chenggong Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China.
authors: Zhi
authors: Z
authors: Zhu
authors: §State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China.
authors: Linlin
authors: L
authors: Hao
authors: †State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Affiliated Chenggong Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China.
authors: Lu
authors: L
authors: Liu
authors: ‡State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
authors: Yongquan
authors: Y
authors: Shi
authors: ‡State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
authors: Daiming
authors: D
authors: Fan
authors: †State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Affiliated Chenggong Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China.
authors: Tianhai
authors: T
authors: Ji
authors: †State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Affiliated Chenggong Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China.
authors: Chaoyong James
authors: CJ
authors: Yang
mesh_terms: D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide / Q000737:chemistry*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D057054:Molecular Imaging; D013696:Temperature; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide; D008024:Ligands