title: Study of O/W micro- and nano-emulsions based on propylene glycol diester as a vehicle for geranic acid.
abstract: Nano- and microemulsions containing as the oil phase caprylic/capric propylene glycol diesters (Crodamol PC) were investigated as potential vehicle for controlled release of geranic acid. The influence of emulsifiers and co-surfactants on stability of the emulsions was investigated. Different kind of polysorbates (ethoxylated esters of sorbitan and fatty acids) were applied as the emulsifiers. The short-chain alcohols (ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol) were used as co-surfactants. The emulsions were prepared at ambient temperature (25°C), by the phase inversion composition method (PIC). The stable O/W high dispersed emulsion systems based on Crodamol PC, of mean droplets size less than 200 nm, were prepared. Microemulsions stabilized by the mixture of Polisorbat 80 and 1-butanol were characterized by the largest degree of dispersion (137 nm) and the lowest PDI value (0.094), at surfactant/co-surfactant: oil weight ratio 90:10. The stable nano-emulsion (mean droplet size of 33 nm) was obtained for surfactant: oil (S:O) weight ratio 90:10, without co-surfactant addition. This nano-emulsion was chosen to release studies. The obtained results showed that the prepared stable nano-emulsion can be used as a carrier for controlled release of geranic acid. The active substance release from the nano-emulsion and the oil solution, after 24 hours was 22%.
authors: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Kraków, Poland.
authors: Małgorzata
authors: M
authors: Jaworska
authors: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Kraków, Poland.
authors: Elżbieta
authors: E
authors: Sikora
authors: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Kraków, Poland.
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Ogonowski
authors: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Kraków, Poland.
authors: Monika
authors: M
authors: Konieczna
mesh_terms: D020001:1-Butanol / Q000737:chemistry; D002210:Caprylates / Q000737:chemistry; D003652:Decanoic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry*; D004952:Esters / Q000737:chemistry; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000737:chemistry; D019946:Propylene Glycol / Q000737:chemistry*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D013729:Terpenes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D002210:Caprylates; D003652:Decanoic Acids; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004655:Emulsions; D004952:Esters; D011136:Polysorbates; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D013729:Terpenes; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D019946:Propylene Glycol; D020001:1-Butanol; C043081:decaprenoic acid