title: Glucose-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles prepared by metal vapour synthesis are electively internalized in a pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line expressing GLUT1 transporter.
abstract: Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) can have a variety of biomedical applications due to their visualization properties through Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and heating with radio frequency or alternating magnetic fields. In the oncological field, coating IONP with organic compounds to provide specific features and to achieve the ability of binding specific molecular targets appears to be very promising. To take advantage of the high avidity of tumor cells for glucose, we report the development of very small glucose-coated IONP (glc-IONP) by employing an innovative technique, Metal Vapor Synthesis (MVS). Moreover, we tested the internalization of our gl-IONP on a tumor line, BxPC3, over-expressing GLUT 1 transporter. Both glc-IONP and polyvinylpyrrolidone-IONP (PVP-IONP), as control, were prepared with MVS and were tested on BxPC3 at various concentrations. To evaluate the role of GLUT-1 transporter, we also investigated the effect of adding a polyclonal anti-GLUT1 antibody. After proper treatment, the iron value was assessed by atomic absorption spectrometer, reported in mcg/L and expressed in mg of protein. Our IONP prepared with MVS were very small and homogeneously distributed in a narrow range (1.75-3.75 nm) with an average size of 2.7 nm and were super-paramagnetic. Glc-IONP were internalized by BxPC3 cells in a larger amount than PVP-IONP. After 6h of treatment with 50 mcg/mL of IONPs, the content of Fe was 1.5 times higher in glc-IONP-treated cells compared with PVP-IONP-treated cells. After 1h pre-treatment with anti-GLUT1, a reduction of 41% cellular accumulation of glc-IONP was observed. Conversely, the uptake of PVP-IONPs was reduced only by 14% with antibody pretreatment. In conclusion, MVS allowed us to prepare small, homogeneous, super-paramagnetic glc-IONP, which are electively internalized by a tumor line over-expressing GLUT1. Our glc-IONP appear to have many requisites for in vivo use.
authors: Section of Endocrinology, General Hospital, Livorno, Viale Alfieri 36, 57100 Livorno, Italy.
authors: Daniele
authors: D
authors: Barbaro
authors: Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 3, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
authors: Lorenzo
authors: L
authors: Di Bari
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35100 Padova, Italy.
authors: Valentina
authors: V
authors: Gandin
authors: Institute of Molecular Science and Technologies, National Research Council, Via G. Fantoli 16/15, I-20138 Milano, Italy.
authors: Claudio
authors: C
authors: Evangelisti
authors: ErreDue SpA, Via G. Gozzano 3, 57121 Livorno, Italy.
authors: Giovanni
authors: G
authors: Vitulli
authors: ErreDue SpA, Via G. Gozzano 3, 57121 Livorno, Italy.
authors: Eleonora
authors: E
authors: Schiavi
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35100 Padova, Italy.
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Marzano
authors: Institute of Molecular Science and Technologies, National Research Council, Via G. Fantoli 16/15, I-20138 Milano, Italy.
authors: Anna M
authors: AM
authors: Ferretti
authors: ErreDue SpA, Via G. Gozzano 3, 57121 Livorno, Italy.
authors: Piero
authors: P
authors: Salvadori
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000502:physiology*; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D015870:Gene Expression; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010316:Particle Size; D011205:Povidone / Q000737:chemistry; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; C495677:SLC2A1 protein, human; C000499:ferric oxide; D011205:Povidone; D005947:Glucose