title: Evaluation of the Reproductive Toxicity, Glycometabolism, Glycometabolism-Related Enzyme Levels and Lipid Metabolism of Chromium Malate Supplementation in Sprague-Dawley Rats.
abstract: Our previous study showed that chromium malate improved the regulation of blood glucose in mice with alloxan-induced diabetes. The present study was designed to evaluate the reproductive toxicity of chromium malate in Sprague-Dawley rats and then inspected the effect of chromium malate on glycometabolism, glycometabolism-related enzymes, and lipid metabolism. The results showed that no pathological, toxic feces and urine changes were observed in clinical signs of parental and fetal rats in chromium malate groups. The fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, insulin resistance index, C-peptide, hepatic glycogen, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucokinase, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels of chromium malate groups have no significant change compared with control group and chromium picolinate group. The serum and organ contents of Cr in chromium malate groups have no significant change when compared with control group. No measurable damage on liver, brain, kidney, and testis/uterus of chromium malate groups was found. No significant change in body mass, absolute and relative organ weights, and hematological and biochemical changes of rats were observed compared with the control and chromium picolinate groups. The results indicated that supplements with chromium malate does not cause obvious damage and has no obvious effect on glycometabolism, glycometabolism-related enzyme, and lipid metabolism on female and male rats. The results of this study suggested that chromium malate is safe for human consumption and has the potential for application as a functional food ingredient and dietary supplement.
authors: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
authors: Weiwei
authors: W
authors: Feng
authors: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
authors: Weijie
authors: W
authors: Zhang
authors: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
authors: Ting
authors: T
authors: Zhao
authors: School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
authors: Guanghua
authors: G
authors: Mao
authors: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Wang
authors: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
authors: Xueshan
authors: X
authors: Wu
authors: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
authors: Zhaoxiang
authors: Z
authors: Zhou
authors: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Huang
authors: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
authors: Yongtuan
authors: Y
authors: Bao
authors: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China. yangliuqing@ujs.edu.cn.
authors: Liuqing
authors: L
authors: Yang
authors: School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China. wuxy@ujs.edu.cn.
authors: Xiangyang
authors: X
authors: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017608:Chromium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004798:Enzymes / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D007246:Infertility / Q000139:chemically induced*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D008293:Malates / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010848:Picolinic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D017608:Chromium Compounds; D004798:Enzymes; D008293:Malates; D010848:Picolinic Acids; C030298:malic acid; D005947:Glucose; C030614:picolinic acid
keywords: Chromium complex; Chromium malate; Glycometabolism; Lipid metabolism; Reproductive toxicity