title: Expression of the central obesity and Type 2 Diabetes mellitus genes is associated with insulin resistance in young obese children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The assessment of the health consequences associated with obesity in young children is challenging. The aims of this study were: (1) to compare insulin resistance indices derived from OGTT in obese patients and healthy control (2) to analyze central obesity and Type 2 Diabetes genes expression in obese children, with special attention to the youngest group (< 10 years old).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 49 children with obesity (median age 13.5 years old), and 25 healthy peers. Biochemical blood tests and expression of 11 central obesity and 33 Type 2 Diabetes genes was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant difference in insulin resistance between obese and non-obese adolescents was observed in all studied indices (mean values of the insulin levels: 24.9 vs. 9.71 mIU/L in T0, 128 vs. 54.7 mIU/L in T60 and 98.7 vs. 41.1 mIU/L in T120 respectively; AUC: 217 vs. 77.2 ng/ml*h, mean values of B% (state beta cell function), S% (insulin sensitivity), and IR were 255 (±97) vs. 135 (±37.8), 46.6 (±37.3) vs. 84.2 (±29.6) and 3 (±1.55) vs. 1.36 (±0,56); HIS, WBIS and ISIBel median 3.89, 44.7, 0.73 vs. 8.57, 110, 2.25. All comparisons differed significantly p<0.001). Moreover, insulin sensitivity was significantly better in the older obese group (>10 years old): median AUC 239 vs. 104 ng/ml*h, and HIS, WBIS and ISIBel 3.57, 38, 0.67 vs. 6.23, 75.6, 1.87 respectively in the obese older compared to the obese younger subgroup, p<0.05. The expression of 64% of the central obesity genes and 70% of Type 2 Diabetes genes was higher in the obese compared to control groups. The differences were more pronounced in the younger obese group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insulin resistance may develop in early stage of childhood obesity and in very young children may be associated with higher expression of the central obesity and Type 2 Diabetes genes.
authors: Department of Clinical Immunology, Chair of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Skoczen
authors: Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Polish-American Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Wojcik
authors: Department of Statistics, Cracow University of Economics, Krakow, Poland.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Fijorek
authors: Department of Clinical Immunology, Chair of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Siedlar
authors: Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Polish-American Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
authors: J B
authors: JB
authors: Starzyk
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000235:genetics*