title: The effect of myostatin on proliferation and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.
abstract: Myostatin is a critical negative regulator of skeletal muscle development, and has been reported to be involved in the progression of obesity and diabetes. In the present study, we explored the effects of myostatin on the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl] 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide spectrophotometry, intracellular triglyceride (TG) assays, and real-time quantitative RT-PCR methods. The results indicated that recombinant myostatin significantly promoted the proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and the expression of proliferation-related genes, including Cyclin B2, Cyclin D1, Cyclin E1, Pcna, and c-Myc, and IGF1 levels in the medium of 3T3-L1 were notably upregulated by 35.2, 30.5, 20.5, 33.4, 51.2, and 179% respectively (all P<0.01) in myostatin-treated 3T3-L1 cells. Meanwhile, the intracellular lipid content of myostatin-treated cells was notably reduced as compared with the non-treated cells. Additionally, the mRNA levels of Pparγ, Cebpα, Gpdh, Dgat, Acs1, Atgl, and Hsl were significantly downregulated by 22-76% in fully differentiated myostatin-treated adipocytes. Finally, myostatin regulated the mRNA levels and secretion of adipokines, including Adiponectin, Resistin, Visfatin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (all P<0.001). Above all, myostatin promoted 3T3-L1 proliferation by increasing the expression of cell-proliferation-related genes and by stimulating IGF1 secretion. Myostatin inhibited 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation by suppressing Pparγ and Cebpα expression, which consequently deceased lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells by inhibiting the expression of critical lipogenic enzymes and by promoting the expression of lipolytic enzymes. Finally, myostatin modulated the expression and secretion of adipokines in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
authors: Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of HealthDepartment of Endocrinology, The Translational Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, #1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Beijing 100730, China.
authors: Hui Juan
authors: HJ
authors: Zhu
authors: Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of HealthDepartment of Endocrinology, The Translational Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, #1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Beijing 100730, China.
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Pan
authors: Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of HealthDepartment of Endocrinology, The Translational Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, #1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Beijing 100730, China.
authors: Xu Zhe
authors: XZ
authors: Zhang
authors: Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of HealthDepartment of Endocrinology, The Translational Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, #1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Beijing 100730, China.
authors: Nai Shi
authors: NS
authors: Li
authors: Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of HealthDepartment of Endocrinology, The Translational Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, #1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Beijing 100730, China.
authors: Lin Jie
authors: LJ
authors: Wang
authors: Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of HealthDepartment of Endocrinology, The Translational Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, #1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Beijing 100730, China.
authors: Hong Bo
authors: HB
authors: Yang
authors: Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of HealthDepartment of Endocrinology, The Translational Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, #1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Beijing 100730, China fygong@sina.com.
authors: Feng Ying
authors: FY
authors: Gong
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D030301:Activin Receptors, Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D015870:Gene Expression; D005990:Glycerol / Q000378:metabolism; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D051379:Mice; D055435:Myostatin / Q000502:physiology*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; C530718:CEBPA protein, mouse; C525912:Mstn protein, mouse; D055435:Myostatin; D047495:PPAR gamma; C519530:insulin-like growth factor-1, mouse; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D030301:Activin Receptors, Type II; C425584:activin receptor type II-B; D005990:Glycerol
keywords: 3T3-L1 preadipocytes; adipokines; lipid accumulation; myostatin; proliferation