title: Veteran exposure to suicide: Prevalence and correlates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to determine rates and consequences of suicide exposure in a veteran population and variables related to psychiatric morbidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  931 veterans from a random digit dial survey conducted July 2012-June 2013 in the Commonwealth of Kentucky was utilized to examine associations between suicide exposure and depression and anxiety. For those with lifetime suicide exposure, perceptions of closeness to the decedent and additional traumatic death exposure were also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Almost half of veterans (47.1%, n=434) reported lifetime exposure to suicide. Suicide-exposed individuals were almost twice as likely to have diagnosable depression (OR=1.92, CI=1.31-2.8) and more than twice as likely to have diagnosable anxiety (OR=2.37, CI=1.55-3.61). Suicide-exposed were also more likely than non-exposed to report suicide ideation (9.9% vs. 4.3%). Perceived closeness to decedent increased the odds of depression (OR=1.38, CI=1.12-1.69), anxiety (OR=1.51, CI=1.21-1.89) and PTSD (OR=1.65, CI=1.27-2.16) and more than doubled the odds of Prolonged Grief (OR=2.47, CI=1.60-3.83). A model examined time sequence of suicide and traumatic death exposure. Experiencing a suicide exposure first and subsequent traumatic death exposure in their military career almost quadrupled the odds of suicide ideation (OR=3.56, p=.01, CI=1.34-9.46).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Major study limitations include use of only one US state and random digit dial response rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Suicide exposure confers psychiatric risks in veterans. Perceptions of closeness to decedents, which may extend beyond familial lines, may heighten these risks in the suicide exposed. Multiple exposures to suicide and traumatic death may lead to significant suicide risk.
authors: College of Social Work, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. Electronic address: julie.cerel@uky.edu.
authors: Julie
authors: J
authors: Cerel
authors: College of Social Work, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
authors: Judy G
authors: JG
authors: van de Venne
authors: Department of Psychology, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, KY, USA.
authors: Melinda M
authors: MM
authors: Moore
authors: School of Health, University of New England, Armidale, Australia.
authors: Myfanwy J
authors: MJ
authors: Maple
authors: College of Social Work, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
authors: Chris
authors: C
authors: Flaherty
authors: UK College of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
authors: Margaret M
authors: MM
authors: Brown
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology; D003643:Death; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D000069581:Exposure to Violence / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006117:Grief; D006801:Humans; D007629:Kentucky / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D000067073:Psychological Trauma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology*; D058014:Veterans Health
keywords: Exposure; Suicide; Veteran