title: Impaired recognition of emotional facial expressions in patients with multiple sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Disturbances that occur in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are not restricted to motor, sensory, or urinary functions; they also include cognitive dysfunction, fatigue, and depression. Moreover, people with MS are known to have fewer social activities and a reduced quality of life. One aspect of social interaction is accurate recognition of facial expressions. Several studies have suggested impairment in the processing of facial expressions in patients with multiple sclerosis, but it is not clear if these deficits are based on cognitive, depressive, or other attendant symptoms.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate emotion recognition and facial identity recognition abilities and their relation with cognitive functions, depression, and fatigue in a cohort of MS patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Emotion recognition and facial identity recognition abilities were investigated in a cohort of 61 MS patients with unimpaired visual acuity and 53 healthy controls using the Florida Affect Battery. Additionally, we investigated possible relationships between impaired facial expression recognition and other clinical features.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MS patients were not impaired in facial identity discrimination, but showed a poor performance in all subtests that required emotion recognition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Impaired recognition of facial emotions by patients with MS seems to be associated with both cognitive and affective (depression) aspects of the disease.
authors: Department of Neurology, University of Greifswald, Sauerbruchstrasse, 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Berneiser
authors: Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology, University of Greifswald, Germany.
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Wendt
authors: Department of Neurology, University of Greifswald, Sauerbruchstrasse, 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Grothe
authors: Department of Neurology, University of Greifswald, Sauerbruchstrasse, 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
authors: Christof
authors: C
authors: Kessler
authors: Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology, University of Greifswald, Germany.
authors: Alfons O
authors: AO
authors: Hamm
authors: Department of Neurology, University of Greifswald, Sauerbruchstrasse, 17475 Greifswald, Germany. Electronic address: adressel@uni-greifswald.de.
authors: Alexander
authors: A
authors: Dressel
keywords: Depression; Emotion recognition; Facial identity recognition; Florida Affect Battery; Multiple sclerosis; Neuropsychology