title: Long noncoding RNAs in cardiac development and ageing.
abstract: A large part of the mammalian genome is transcribed into noncoding RNAs. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as critical epigenetic regulators of gene expression. Distinct molecular mechanisms allow lncRNAs either to activate or to repress gene expression, thereby participating in the regulation of cellular and tissue function. LncRNAs, therefore, have important roles in healthy and diseased hearts, and might be targets for therapeutic intervention. In this Review, we summarize the current knowledge of the roles of lncRNAs in cardiac development and ageing. After describing the definition and classification of lncRNAs, we present an overview of the mechanisms by which lncRNAs regulate gene expression. We discuss the multiple roles of lncRNAs in the heart, and focus on the regulation of embryonic stem cell differentiation, cardiac cell fate and development, and cardiac ageing. We emphasize the importance of chromatin remodelling in this regulation. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic and biomarker potential of lncRNAs.
authors: Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
authors: Yvan
authors: Y
authors: Devaux
authors: Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
authors: Jennifer
authors: J
authors: Zangrando
authors: Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6211 LK Maastricht, Netherlands.
authors: Blanche
authors: B
authors: Schroen
authors: Academic Medical Center, 1105AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors: Esther E
authors: EE
authors: Creemers
authors: University of Lausanne Medical School, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors: Thierry
authors: T
authors: Pedrazzini
authors: Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors: Ching-Pin
authors: CP
authors: Chang
authors: Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors: Gerald W
authors: GW
authors: Dorn
authors: Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, OE 8886, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Thum
authors: Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6211 LK Maastricht, Netherlands.
authors: Stephane
authors: S
authors: Heymans
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000502:physiology; D006321:Heart / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding