title: Neighborhood-level and individual-level correlates of cannabis use among young persons living with HIV/AIDS.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In addition to individual characteristics, there may be a wide range of environmental or neighborhood stressors that contribute to elevated cannabis use in groups of youth living with HIV/AIDS (YLHIV); however, the effects of social disorganization on cannabis use in YLHIV to date have not been studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the effects of individual-level and neighborhood-level factors by developing hierarchical generalized linear models estimating odds of current cannabis use (any use during the past 3 months) and daily cannabis use among a sample of YLHIV (N = 1921) currently receiving medical care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final model for daily cannabis use in the past 3 months included significant positive effects associated with hostility (O.R. = 1.08, 95% C.I.: 1.05, 1.11), being older (O.R. = 1.12, 95% C.I.: 1.05, 1.20), being a bisexual male (O.R. = 1.72, 95% C.I.: 1.10, 2.70), and residing in a community with a murder rate in the highest quartile (O.R. = 1.91, 95% C.I.: 1.27, 2.87), second highest quartile (O.R. = 1.62, 95% C.I.: 1.06, 2.46), or third highest quartile (O.R. = 1.52, 95% C.I.: 1.01, 2.30).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This paper advances our knowledge of the multilevel factors associated with elevated cannabis use among groups of YLHIV and furthers our understanding of social and structural determinants of health in this population. Future research into cannabis use among YLHIV should consider, not only cannabis use within the context of the adjustment of living with HIV/AIDS, but also the stressors that characterize the environments in which groups of YLHIV live.
authors: Department of Health Sciences, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, United States. Electronic address: Dbruce1@depaul.edu.
authors: Douglas
authors: D
authors: Bruce
authors: National Institutes on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, United States.
authors: Shoshana Y
authors: SY
authors: Kahana
authors: Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
authors: Jose A
authors: JA
authors: Bauermeister
authors: Department of Neurosciences, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States.
authors: Sharon L
authors: SL
authors: Nichols
authors: Division of Infectious Diseases, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
authors: Lisa B
authors: LB
authors: Hightow-Weidman
authors: Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
authors: Justin E
authors: JE
authors: Heinze
authors: Department of Health Sciences, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, United States.
authors: Jaclyn
authors: J
authors: Shea
authors: College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, United States.
authors: M Isabel
authors: MI
authors: Fernández
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001727:Bisexuality; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006304:Health Status; D006708:Homicide / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006716:Homosexuality; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008385:Marijuana Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008603:Mental Health; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bisexual; Cannabis (marijuana); HIV/AIDS; Neighborhood; Social disorganization; Youth