title: Do parents play different roles in drinking behaviours of male and female adolescents? A longitudinal follow-up study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gender differences in the associations between adolescent drinking behaviour, and perceived parental drinking behaviours and attitudes towards underage drinking, were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were drawn from two cohorts in the Child and Adolescent Behaviours in Long-term Evolution project. We used data from 2009 to 2006, when cohorts 1 and 2, respectively, were in grade 9. No cohort effect was found, so the two cohorts were pooled; 3972 students (1999 boys and 1973 girls) participated in the study. The major variables included adolescent drinking behaviours over the last month, and perceived parental drinking behaviours and parental attitudes towards underage drinking. The effects of the combination of parental drinking behaviours, and attitudes on the drinking behaviours of male and female adolescents, were analysed by logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The drinking behaviour of boys was correlated with the drinking behaviours and attitudes of their fathers but not with those of their mothers. Among boys, having a non-drinking father who was against underage drinking (OR=0.27, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.46), a non-drinking father who was favourable towards underage drinking (OR=0.61, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.94), or a drinking father who was against underage drinking (OR=0.44, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.85) significantly decreased the likelihood of alcohol consumption, whereas maternal behaviour and attitude were not significant influences. Among girls, having a non-drinking father who was against underage drinking (OR=0.52, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.91) or a non-drinking father who was favourable towards underage drinking (OR=0.51, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.83) significantly decreased the likelihood of alcohol consumption, as did having a non-drinking mother who was against underage drinking (OR=0.23, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.60).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The influences of fathers and mothers on the drinking behaviour of their adolescent children differed by offspring gender.
authors: Department of Nursing, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
authors: Chao-Chia
authors: CC
authors: Hung
authors: Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
authors: Hsing-Yi
authors: HY
authors: Chang
authors: Department of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Tai-Chung, Taiwan Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Tai-Chung, Taiwan.
authors: Dih-Ling
authors: DL
authors: Luh
authors: Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
authors: Chi-Chen
authors: CC
authors: Wu
authors: Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Lee-Lan
authors: LL
authors: Yen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D001290:Attitude; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005220:Fathers / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000066608:Underage Drinking / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: PUBLIC HEALTH; alcohol; school