title: High Diagnostic Accuracy Based on CLDN10, HMGA2, and LAMB3 Transcripts in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thyroid nodules are common in adult population and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most frequent malignant finding. The natural history of PTC remains poorly understood and current diagnostic methods limitations are responsible for a significant number of potentially avoidable surgeries.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to identify molecular markers to improve the diagnosis of thyroid lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gene expression profiling was performed using microarray in 61 PTC and 13 surrounding normal tissues (NT). A reliable gene list was established using cross-study validation (138 matched PTC/NT from external databases). Results were collectively interpreted by in silico analysis. A panel of 28 transcripts was evaluated by RT-qPCR, including benign thyroid lesions (BTL) and other follicular cell-derived thyroid carcinomas (OFDTC). A diagnostic algorithm was developed (training set: 23 NT, 8 BTL, and 86 PTC), validated (independent set: 10 NT, 140 BTL, 120 PTC, and 12 OFDTC) and associated with clinical features.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GABRB2 was ranked as the most frequently up-regulated gene in PTC (cross-study validation). Altered genes in PTC suggested a loss of T4 responsiveness and dysregulation of retinoic acid metabolism, highlighting the putative activation of EZH2 and histone deacetylases (predicted in silico). An algorithm combining CLDN10, HMGA2, and LAMB3 transcripts was able to discriminate tumors from BTL samples (94% sensitivity and 96% specificity in validation set). High algorithm scores were associated with regional lymph node metastases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A promising tool with high performance for PTC diagnosis based on three transcripts was designed with the potential to predict lymph node metastasis risk.
authors: International Research Center/AC Camargo Cancer Center (M.C.B.F., F.A.M., C.A.P., S.R.R., S.R.R.), Sao Paulo 01509-010, SP, Brazil; and Faculty of Medicine (S.R.R.), Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-970, SP, Brazil.
authors: Mateus Camargo
authors: MC
authors: Barros-Filho
authors: International Research Center/AC Camargo Cancer Center (M.C.B.F., F.A.M., C.A.P., S.R.R., S.R.R.), Sao Paulo 01509-010, SP, Brazil; and Faculty of Medicine (S.R.R.), Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-970, SP, Brazil.
authors: Fabio Albuquerque
authors: FA
authors: Marchi
authors: International Research Center/AC Camargo Cancer Center (M.C.B.F., F.A.M., C.A.P., S.R.R., S.R.R.), Sao Paulo 01509-010, SP, Brazil; and Faculty of Medicine (S.R.R.), Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-970, SP, Brazil.
authors: Clóvis Antônio
authors: CA
authors: Pinto
authors: International Research Center/AC Camargo Cancer Center (M.C.B.F., F.A.M., C.A.P., S.R.R., S.R.R.), Sao Paulo 01509-010, SP, Brazil; and Faculty of Medicine (S.R.R.), Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-970, SP, Brazil.
authors: Silvia Regina
authors: SR
authors: Rogatto
authors: International Research Center/AC Camargo Cancer Center (M.C.B.F., F.A.M., C.A.P., S.R.R., S.R.R.), Sao Paulo 01509-010, SP, Brazil; and Faculty of Medicine (S.R.R.), Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-970, SP, Brazil.
authors: Luiz Paulo
authors: LP
authors: Kowalski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000235:genetics*; D057167:Claudins / Q000235:genetics*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D025743:HMGA2 Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques / Q000379:methods; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D000077273:Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D059467:Transcriptome; D000097794:Kalinin
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D057167:Claudins; D025743:HMGA2 Protein; D000097794:Kalinin; C502009:claudin 10