title: MicroRNA biomarkers for early detection of embryonic malformations in pregnancy.
abstract: Congenital birth defects, manifested in newborn infants, are formed during early embryogenesis. Targeted and individualized interventions to prevent birth defects require early detection of risk and signs of developmental abnormalities. Current diagnosis of structural anomalies largely relies on ultrasonography, which can only detect abnormities after their formation in fetuses. Biomolecules, mainly proteins, in maternal blood have been used as indicators of fetal anomalies; however, they lack adequate sensitivity for detecting embryonic malformations. Recently, cell-free microRNAs (miRNAs) have been found in blood and evaluated as biomarkers for diseases. Expression of certain miRNAs in maternal plasma has been shown to be correlated with birth defects in infants. Although their reliability and sensitivity remain to be validated, miRNAs, which can be amplified and sequenced, are potentially sensitive and specific biomarkers for early embryonic dysmorphogenesis.
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China.
authors: Xuezheng
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors: Zhiyong
authors: Z
authors: Zhao
keywords: birth defect; diagnosis; embryonic malformation; miRNA