title: HIV Tat protein: Is Tat-C much trickier than Tat-B?
abstract: Out of various subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), subtype B and C cause most of the infections worldwide. Clade specific differences have been reported in differences in clinical picture of HIV pathogenesis. Transcription of the HIV-1 genome is regulated by the interaction of HIV Tat protein to the trans-activation response (TAR) element. The differential binding of clade B and C Tat proteins to TAR and differences in activation of NF-κB cascade leading to differential transactivation capacity and cytokine expression has been examined in this study. More stable Tat-TAR complex formation by Tat-C revealed by EMSA and higher TNF-α expression shown by Tat-C compared to Tat-B leads to higher NF-κB activation, which may be plausible cause for higher transactivation by Tat-C as obtained by FACS analysis. This comparative study would be helpful in understanding the basic mechanism of clade specific Tat protein differences and their functional relationships.
authors: Laboratory of Neurovirology and Inflammation Biology, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
authors: Manish Kumar
authors: MK
authors: Johri
authors: Laboratory of Neurovirology and Inflammation Biology, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
authors: Nikhil
authors: N
authors: Sharma
authors: Laboratory of Neurovirology and Inflammation Biology, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
authors: Sunit K
authors: SK
authors: Singh
mesh_terms: D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005838:Genotype; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D016328:NF-kappa B; D037521:Virulence Factors; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
keywords: HIV; HIV Tat protein; HIV pathogenesis; NF-κB activation; cytokines; neuropathogenesis