title: Prediabetes, diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes, their risk factors and association with knowledge of diabetes in rural Bangladesh: The Bangladesh Population-based Diabetes and Eye Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of prediabetes and diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) in rural Bangladesh.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a population-based cluster random sampling strategy, 3104 adults aged ≥30 years were recruited. Fasting capillary blood glucose, blood pressure, height, weight, waist circumference, and knowledge, attitudes, and practice related to diabetes were recorded. Diabetes was defined as fasting glucose (FG) ≥7.0 mmol/L or a self-reported diagnosis of diabetes; impaired FG (IFG) was defined as FG ≥ 6.1 and <7.0 mmol/L.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall crude prevalence of DM was 7.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.3%-8.1%; n = 222), of which 55% (n = 123) was previously undiagnosed (UDM). The prevalence of IFG was 5.3% (95% CI 4.5%-6.1%; n = 163). The age-standardized prevalence of DM and IFG was 6.6% and 5.0%, respectively. The prevalence of UDM was higher in people of lower socioeconomic status (59% vs. 31%; P < 0.001). Of those with known DM, 56% had poor glycemic control (FG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L) and 37% were not on medication. Overall knowledge of DM was poor; only 16.3%, 17.8%, and 13.4% of those with UDM, IFG, and normal FG knew that diabetes causes eye disease, compared with 55.6% of those with known DM (Ptrend  < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this rural Bangladeshi community, UDM was high. Lower socioeconomic status was associated with a higher risk of UDM. Overall knowledge of DM was poor. Public health programmes should target those of low socioeconomic status and aim to increase knowledge of DM in rural Bangladesh.
authors: Department of Statistics, Data Science and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.|Organisation for Rural Community Development (ORCD), Dariapur, Bangladesh.
authors: Fakir M Amirul
authors: FM
authors: Islam
authors: Center for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.|Organisation for Rural Community Development (ORCD), Dariapur, Bangladesh.
authors: Rahul
authors: R
authors: Chakrabarti
authors: Organisation for Rural Community Development (ORCD), Dariapur, Bangladesh.
authors: M Tauhidul
authors: MT
authors: Islam
authors: Organisation for Rural Community Development (ORCD), Dariapur, Bangladesh.
authors: Mohammad
authors: M
authors: Wahab
authors: Center for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.|Duke-National University of Singapore, Graduate Medical School.|Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.
authors: Ecosse
authors: E
authors: Lamoureux
authors: Center for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors: Robert P
authors: RP
authors: Finger
authors: Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors: Jonathan E
authors: JE
authors: Shaw
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D012423:Rural Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: Bangladesh; and practice (KAP); attitudes; diabetes mellitus; knowledge; risk factors; rural; 危险因素,农村; 孟加拉国; 态度; 知识; 知识、态度与习惯(KAP); 糖尿病