title: The Biocompatibility of a Cellulose Exopolysaccharide Implant in the Rabbit Bladder When Compared With Dextranomer Microspheres Plus Hyaluronic Acid.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate biocompatibility of a cellulosic exopolysaccharide (CEC) as bulking agent in rabbit urinary bladder.
  
  
  METHODS
  The experimental study was developed at the Nucleus for Experimental Surgery or UFPE. The new agent was injected into the bladder of the adult rabbits using a small abdominal incision. Animals were injected with 0.2 mL of dextranomer microspheres (Dx) plus hyaluronic acid and CEC. The animals were studied after 3 days (G1), 90 days (G2), and 11 months (G3). The biocompatibility was evaluated according to the histologic parameters (presence of blood vessels, inflammatory reaction, and collagen deposition) by a quantitative analysis. The Student paired t test was used for continuous variables, and the scores were compared through the chi-square test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both materials were structurally homogeneous and free from inflammatory cells or blood vessels (G1). In 3-month samples (G2), CEC areas were densely invaded by fibroblasts and blood vessels. Dx areas were fragmented but still homogeneous and free from cells or blood vessels. Samples from 3 and 11 months showed a significant difference in favor of CEC especially concerning preservation of material in the implant site, as well as the presence of neovascularization. This experimental study represents a positive outcome in terms of reflux resolution in the long term. Further studies may be necessary to confirm its efficacy when in clinical use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CEC exhibited low inflammatory response and integrated with the host tissue better than Dx in the long-term follow-up.
authors: Department of Surgery, Center for Health Sciences, Urology Service at the Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Recife, Brazil. Electronic address: urology@salvador.net.
authors: Salvador Vilar Correia
authors: SV
authors: Lima
authors: Department of Surgery, Center for Health Sciences, Urology Service at the Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Recife, Brazil.
authors: Artur Eduardo
authors: AE
authors: de Oliveira Rangel
authors: Department of Pathology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Recife, Brazil.
authors: Mariana Montenegro
authors: MM
authors: de Melo Lira
authors: Nucleus for Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Recife, Brazil.
authors: Flávia Cristina Morone
authors: FC
authors: Pinto
authors: Nucleus for Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Recife, Brazil.
authors: Olávio
authors: O
authors: Campos Júnior
authors: Urogenital Research Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors: Francisco José Barcellos
authors: FJ
authors: Sampaio
authors: Department of Surgery, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Recife, Brazil.
authors: José Lamartine
authors: JL
authors: de Andrade Aguiar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003911:Dextrans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D008422:Materials Testing; D008863:Microspheres; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011817:Rabbits; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003911:Dextrans; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; C013471:dextranomer; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid