title: High sodium intake is associated with short leukocyte telomere length in overweight and obese adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Telomere shortening has an important role in cellular aging. However, the impact of high sodium intake, an important risk factor of age-related diseases, on telomere shortening remains unknown. Therefore, we examined the relationship between high dietary sodium intake and leukocyte telomere length (LTL), particularly in the context of obesity, as obesity increases salt sensitivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  LTL was determined by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction method in 766 adolescents aged 14-18 years (50% females, 49% African Americans). Dietary sodium intake was assessed by seven independent 24-h dietary recalls. We divided the sample into low sodium (mean 2388±522 mg per day) or high sodium groups (mean 4142±882 mg per day) based on the median value (3280.9 mg per day).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the entire cohort, there was no significant association between sodium intake and LTL (r=-0.05, P=0.24). However, there was a significant interaction between sodium intake and obesity status (P=0.049). Further multiple linear regression analyses revealed that higher dietary sodium intake was associated with shorter LTL in the overweight/obese group (body mass index ⩾85th percentile, β=-0.37, P=0.04), but not in the normal-weight group (β=0.01, P=0.93) after adjusting for multiple confounding factors. In the overweight/obese group, LTL was significantly shorter in the high sodium intake subjects vs low sodium intake subjects (1.24±0.22 vs. 1.32±0.20, P=0.02), but not the normal-weight group (1.29±0.24 vs 1.30±0.24, P=0.69).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher dietary sodium intake is associated with shorter telomere length in overweight and obese adolescents.
authors: Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Zhu
authors: 1] Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA [2] Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Bhagatwala
authors: Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.
authors: N K
authors: NK
authors: Pollock
authors: 1] Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA [2] Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Parikh
authors: Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Gutin
authors: Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Stallmann-Jorgensen
authors: Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Thomas
authors: Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.
authors: G A
authors: GA
authors: Harshfield
authors: Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Dong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000187:drug effects; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005845:Georgia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016615:Telomere / Q000473:pathology; D059506:Telomere Shortening / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D012982:Sodium, Dietary