title: Bone Regulates Glucose Metabolism as an Endocrine Organ through Osteocalcin.
abstract: Skeleton was considered as a dynamic connective tissue, which was essential for mobility, calcium homeostasis, and hematopoietic niche. However more and more evidences indicate that skeleton works not only as a structural scaffold but also as an endocrine organ, which regulates several metabolic processes. Besides osteoprotegerin (OPG), sclerostin (SOST), and Dickopf (DKK) which play essential roles in bone formation, modelling, remodelling, and homeostasis, bone can also secret hormones, such as osteocalcin (OCN), which promotes proliferation of β cells, insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity. Additionally OCN can also regulate the fat cells and male gonad endocrine activity and be regulated by insulin and the neural system. In summary, skeleton has endocrine function via OCN and plays an important role in energy metabolism, especially in glucose metabolism.
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital/Clinical School, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, China.
authors: Jin
authors: 0000-0002-9858-2314
authors: J
authors: Shao
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital/Clinical School, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, China.
authors: Zhi
authors: Z
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital/Clinical School, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, China.
authors: Tieyi
authors: T
authors: Yang
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital/Clinical School, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, China.
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Ying
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital/Clinical School, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, China.
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital/Clinical School, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, China.
authors: Shuyi
authors: S
authors: Liu