title: Determination of α-ketoglutaric and pyruvic acids in urine as potential biomarkers for diabetic II and liver cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A simple and sensitive hollow fiber-liquid phase microextraction with in situ derivatization method was developed for the determination of α-ketoglutaric (α-KG) and pyruvic acids (PA) in small-volume urine samples. 2,4,6-trichloro phenyl hydrazine was used as derivatization agent.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Under the optimum extraction conditions, enrichment factors of 742 and 400 for α-KG and PA, respectively, were achieved. Calibration curves were linear over the range 1 to 1000 ng/ml (r(2) ≥ 0.998). Detection and quantitation limits were 0.03 and 0.02, and 0.10 and 0.05 ng/ml for α-KG and PA, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The concentrations in diabetic II and liver cancer samples were significantly lower than those from healthy people, showing their potential as biomarkers for these diseases.
authors: School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
authors: Ahmad
authors: A
authors: Makahleh
authors: Gazala Mohamed
authors: GM
authors: Ben-Hander
authors: Bahruddin
authors: B
authors: Saad
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000652:urine*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D007656:Ketoglutaric Acids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000652:urine*; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000652:urine*; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000652:urine*; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D007656:Ketoglutaric Acids; D019289:Pyruvic Acid