title: Early free access to hypertonic NaCl solution induces a long-term effect on drinking, brain cell activity and gene expression of adult rat offspring.
abstract: Exposure to an altered osmotic environment during a pre/postnatal period can differentially program the fluid intake and excretion pattern profile in a way that persists until adulthood. However, knowledge about the programming effects on the underlying brain neurochemical circuits of thirst and hydroelectrolyte balance, and its relation with behavioral outputs, is limited. We evaluated whether early voluntary intake of hypertonic NaCl solution may program adult offspring fluid balance, plasma vasopressin, neural activity, and brain vasopressin and angiotensinergic receptor type 1a (AT1a)-receptor gene expression. The manipulation (M) period covered dams from 1 week before conception until offspring turned 1-month-old. The experimental groups were (i) Free access to hypertonic NaCl solution (0.45 M NaCl), food (0.18% NaCl) and water [M-Na]; and (ii) Free access to food and water only [M-Ctrol]. Male offspring (2-month-old) were subjected to iv infusion (0.15 ml/min) of hypertonic (1.5M NaCl), isotonic (0.15M NaCl) or sham infusion during 20 min. Cumulative water intake (140 min) and drinking latency to the first lick were recorded from the start of the infusion. Our results indicate that, after systemic sodium overload, the M-Na group had increased water intake, and diminished neuronal activity (Fos-immunoreactivity) in the subfornical organ (SFO) and nucleus of the solitary tract. They also showed reduced relative vasopressin (AVP)-mRNA and AT1a-mRNA expression at the supraoptic nucleus and SFO, respectively. The data indicate that the availability of a rich source of sodium during the pre/postnatal period induces a long-term effect on drinking, neural activity, and brain gene expression implicated in the control of hydroelectrolyte balance.
authors: Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
authors: A F
authors: AF
authors: Macchione
authors: Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Beas
authors: Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
authors: F M
authors: FM
authors: Dadam
authors: Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
authors: X E
authors: XE
authors: Caeiro
authors: Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Godino
authors: Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
authors: L F
authors: LF
authors: Ponce
authors: Sección de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital Privado, Córdoba, Argentina.
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Amigone
authors: Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina. Electronic address: lvivas@immf.uncor.edu.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Vivas
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology*; D004326:Drinking / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; D014667:Vasopressins
keywords: AVP and AT1a mRNA relative gene expression; c-fos; nucleus of the solitary tract; pre/postnatal programing; subfornical organ; vasopressin