title: A four-compartment metabolomics analysis of the liver, muscle, serum, and urine response to polytrauma with hemorrhagic shock following carbohydrate prefeed.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hemorrhagic shock accompanied by injury represents a major physiologic stress. Fasted animals are often used to study hemorrhagic shock (with injury). A fasted state is not guaranteed in the general human population. The objective of this study was to determine if fed animals would exhibit a different metabolic profile in response to hemorrhagic shock with trauma when compared to fasted animals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Proton (1H) NMR spectroscopy was used to determine concentrations of metabolites from four different compartments (liver, muscle, serum, urine) taken at defined time points throughout shock/injury and resuscitation. PLS-DA was performed and VIP lists established for baseline, shock and resuscitation (10 metabolites for each compartment at each time interval) on metabolomics data from surviving animals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fed status prior to the occurrence of hemorrhagic shock with injury alters the metabolic course of this trauma and potentially affects mortality. The death rate for CPF animals is higher than FS animals (47 vs 28%). The majority of deaths occur post-resuscitation suggesting reperfusion injury. The metabolomics response to shock reflects priorities evident at baseline. FS animals raise the baseline degree of proteolysis to provide additional amino acids for energy production while CPF animals rely on both glucose and, to a lesser extent, amino acids. During early resuscitation levels of metabolites associated with energy production drop, suggesting diminished demand.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Feeding status prior to the occurrence of hemorrhagic shock with injury alters the metabolic course of this trauma and potentially affects mortality. The response to shock reflects metabolic priorities at baseline.
authors: Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.
authors: Nancy
authors: N
authors: Witowski
authors: Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.
authors: Elizabeth
authors: E
authors: Lusczek
authors: Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.
authors: Charles
authors: C
authors: Determan
authors: Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Lexcen
authors: Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.
authors: Kristine
authors: K
authors: Mulier
authors: Minnesota NMR Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.
authors: Beverly
authors: B
authors: Ostrowski
authors: Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.
authors: Greg
authors: G
authors: Beilman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D055432:Metabolomics; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism*; D012151:Resuscitation; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D005947:Glucose