title: Dissecting Redox Biology Using Fluorescent Protein Sensors.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  Fluorescent protein sensors have revitalized the field of redox biology by revolutionizing the study of redox processes in living cells and organisms.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Within one decade, a set of fundamental new insights has been gained, driven by the rapid technical development of in vivo redox sensing. Redox-sensitive yellow and green fluorescent protein variants (rxYFP and roGFPs) have been the central players.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although widely used as an established standard tool, important questions remain surrounding their meaningful use in vivo. We review the growing range of thiol redox sensor variants and their application in different cells, tissues, and organisms. We highlight five key findings where in vivo sensing has been instrumental in changing our understanding of redox biology, critically assess the interpretation of in vivo redox data, and discuss technical and biological limitations of current redox sensors and sensing approaches.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We explore how novel sensor variants may further add to the current momentum toward a novel mechanistic and integrated understanding of redox biology in vivo. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 24, 680-712.
authors: 1 Plant Energy Biology Lab, Department Chemical Signalling, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn , Bonn, Germany .
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Schwarzländer
authors: 2 Division of Redox Regulation, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany .
authors: Tobias P
authors: TP
authors: Dick
authors: 3 Department Chemical Signalling, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn , Bonn, Germany .
authors: Andreas J
authors: AJ
authors: Meyer
authors: 2 Division of Redox Regulation, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany .|4 Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern , Kaiserslautern, Germany .
authors: Bruce
authors: B
authors: Morgan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; C054562:yellow fluorescent protein, Bacteria; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins