title: Effects of phylloquinone supplementation on lipid profile in women with rheumatoid arthritis: a double blind placebo controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with an excess mortality from cardiovascular disease which is likely attributed to an atherogenic lipid profile. Among nutritional factors vitamin K has been recently focused as a pivotal nutrient in improvement of lipid related markers. Thus, this study was designed to determine the effects of vitamin K on lipid profile in this disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty eight patients with definitive RA were participated in the present double blind placebo controlled study. They were randomly allocated into two groups to receive vitamin K1 as phylloquinone [10 mg/day] (n = 30) or placebo pills (n = 28), for eight weeks. In order to control the effects of probable confounders dietary intakes, anthropometric measurements including weight and height, clinical status using disease activity score-28 (DAS-28), physical activity and anxiety status were evaluated at baseline. Moreover, serum levels of lipid related markers including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) were measured at baseline and at the end of intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding any of the baseline characteristics. After adjusting for some relevant confounders, in comparison between two groups, we observed no significant changes in lipid related markers at the end of intervention. Also, there was no significant difference between before and after intervention values within groups (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Function of vitamin K1 in lipid profile modification remains still controversial. This study showed that vitamin K1 has no effect on lipid profile in women with rheumatoid arthritis. Further studies with a longer follow-up are required to determine the effects of vitamin K on atherogenic lipid profile.
authors: Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Rheumatology Section, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors: Sousan
authors: S
authors: Kolahi
authors: Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors: Bahram
authors: B
authors: Pourghassem Gargari
authors: Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors: Mehran
authors: M
authors: Mesgari Abbasi
authors: Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors: Mohammad
authors: M
authors: Asghari Jafarabadi
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Student Research Committee, Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5157974141, Iran.
authors: Neda
authors: N
authors: Ghamarzad Shishavan
keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis; lipid profile; phylloquinone; vitamin K1