title: Biomaterial strategies for engineering implants for enhanced osseointegration and bone repair.
abstract: Bone tissue has a remarkable ability to regenerate and heal itself. However, large bone defects and complex fractures still present a significant challenge to the medical community. Current treatments center on metal implants for structural and mechanical support and auto- or allo-grafts to substitute long bone defects. Metal implants are associated with several complications such as implant loosening and infections. Bone grafts suffer from donor site morbidity, reduced bioactivity, and risk of pathogen transmission. Surgical implants can be modified to provide vital biological cues, growth factors and cells in order to improve osseointegration and repair of bone defects. Here we review strategies and technologies to engineer metal surfaces to promote osseointegration with the host tissue. We also discuss strategies for modifying implants for cell adhesion and bone growth via integrin signaling and growth factor and cytokine delivery for bone defect repair.
authors: Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors: Rachit
authors: R
authors: Agarwal
authors: Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address: andres.garcia@me.gatech.edu.
authors: Andrés J
authors: AJ
authors: García
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000069343:Bone-Implant Interface / Q000502:physiology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011108:Polymers / Q000494:pharmacology; D013499:Surface Properties; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D016207:Cytokines; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D011108:Polymers
keywords: Coatings; Growth factor; Metal implants; Polymer Hydrogel; Therapeutic release