title: Comprehensive multiphase NMR: a promising technology to study plants in their native state.
abstract: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is arguably one the most powerful tools to study the interactions and molecular structure within plants. Traditionally, however, NMR has developed as two separate fields, one dealing with liquids and the other dealing with solids. Plants in their native state contain components that are soluble, swollen, and true solids. Here, a new form of NMR spectroscopy, developed in 2012, termed comprehensive multiphase (CMP)-NMR is applied for plant analysis. The technology composes all aspects of solution, gel, and solid-state NMR into a single NMR probe such that all components in all phases in native unaltered samples can be studied and differentiated in situ. The technology is evaluated using wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana and the cellulose-deficient mutant ectopic lignification1 (eli1) as examples. Using CMP-NMR to study intact samples eliminated the bias introduced by extraction methods and enabled the acquisition of a more complete structural and metabolic profile; thus, CMP-NMR revealed molecular differences between wild type (WT) and eli1 that could be overlooked by conventional methods. Methanol, fatty acids and/or lipids, glutamine, phenylalanine, starch, and nucleic acids were more abundant in eli1 than in WT. Pentaglycine was present in A. thaliana seedlings and more abundant in eli1 than in WT.
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada.
authors: Heather L
authors: HL
authors: Wheeler
authors: Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada.|Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
authors: Ronald
authors: R
authors: Soong
authors: Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada.|Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
authors: Denis
authors: D
authors: Courtier-Murias
authors: Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada.|Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
authors: Adolfo
authors: A
authors: Botana
authors: Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada.|Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
authors: Blythe
authors: B
authors: Fortier-Mcgill
authors: Bruker Biospin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA, 01821-3991, USA.
authors: Werner E
authors: WE
authors: Maas
authors: Bruker Biospin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA, 01821-3991, USA.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Fey
authors: Bruker Biospin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA, 01821-3991, USA.
authors: Howard
authors: H
authors: Hutchins
authors: Bruker Biospin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA, 01821-3991, USA.
authors: Sridevi
authors: S
authors: Krishnamurthy
authors: Bruker Ltd. Canada, 555 Steeles Avenue East, Milton, Ontario, L9T 1Y6, Canada.
authors: Rajeev
authors: R
authors: Kumar
authors: Bruker Ltd. Canada, 555 Steeles Avenue East, Milton, Ontario, L9T 1Y6, Canada.
authors: Martine
authors: M
authors: Monette
authors: Bruker Ltd. Canada, 555 Steeles Avenue East, Milton, Ontario, L9T 1Y6, Canada.
authors: Henry J
authors: HJ
authors: Stronks
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada.
authors: Malcolm M
authors: MM
authors: Campbell
authors: Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada.|Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
authors: Andre
authors: A
authors: Simpson
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002482:Cellulose / Q000378:metabolism*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D017353:Gene Deletion; D017343:Genes, Plant; D005973:Glutamine / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D055442:Metabolome / Q000502:physiology*; D000432:Methanol / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D009696:Nucleic Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D059828:Plant Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D036226:Seedlings / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013213:Starch / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D009696:Nucleic Acids; D014867:Water; D005973:Glutamine; D010649:Phenylalanine; D002482:Cellulose; D013213:Starch; D000432:Methanol
keywords: 13C; 1H; Arabidopsis thaliana; NMR; cell wall; ectopic lignification1 (eli1); lignin; multiphase analysis; natural samples; plant