title: Optimization of cultural conditions for biosurfactant production by Pleurotus djamor in solid state fermentation.
abstract: Being eco-friendly, less toxic, more biodegradable and biocompatible, biological surfactants have higher activity and stability compared to synthetic ones. In spite of the fact that there are abundant benefits of biosurfactants over the synthetic congeners, the problem related with the economical and large scale production proceeds. The utilization of several industrial wastes in the production media as substrates reduces the production cost. This current study aims optimization of biosurfactant production conditions by Pleurotus djamor, grown on sunflower seed shell, grape wastes or potato peels as renewable cheap substrates in solid state fermentation. After determination of the best substrate for biosurfactant production, we indicate optimum size and amount of solid substrate, volume of medium, temperature, pH and Fe(2+) concentrations on biosurfactant production. In optimum conditions, by reducing water surface tension to 28.82 ± 0.3 mN/m and having oil displacement diameter of 3.9 ± 0.3 cm, 10.205 ± 0.5 g/l biosurfactant was produced. Moreover, chemical composition of biosurfactant produced in optimum condition was determined by FTIR. Lastly, laboratory's large-scale production was carried out in optimum conditions in a tray bioreactor designed by us and 8.9 ± 0.5 g/l biosurfactant was produced with a significant surface activity (37.74 ± 0.3 mN/m). With its economical suggestions and applicability of laboratory's large-scale production, this work indicates the possibility of using low cost agro-industrial wastes as renewable substrates for biosurfactant production. Therefore, using economically produced biosurfactant will reduce cost in several applications such as bioremediation, oil recovery and biodegradation of toxic chemicals.
authors: Biotechnology Department, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, 35160 Buca, Izmir, Turkey. Electronic address: zulfiyevelioglu@gmail.com.
authors: Zulfiye
authors: Z
authors: Velioglu
authors: Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylül University, 35160 Buca, Izmir, Turkey. Electronic address: raziye.urek@deu.edu.tr.
authors: Raziye
authors: R
authors: Ozturk Urek
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000191:economics; D002413:Cations, Divalent; D005285:Fermentation; D019649:Food Industry; D006368:Helianthus; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000191:economics; D007501:Iron; D020076:Pleurotus / Q000378:metabolism*; D012639:Seeds; D011198:Solanum tuberosum; D013500:Surface Tension; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000191:economics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013696:Temperature; D027843:Vitis; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D002413:Cations, Divalent; D007220:Industrial Waste; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014867:Water; D007501:Iron
keywords: Biosurfactant; Optimization; Pleurotus djamor; Solid state fermentation; Sunflower seed shell