title: Psychometric Properties of the Pain Stages of Change Questionnaire: New Insights on the Measurement of Readiness to Change in Adolescents, Mothers, and Fathers.
abstract: There is increasing interest in the measurement of "readiness to change," or willingness to engage in a self-management approach to pain coping, as a predictor of treatment response in pediatric pain populations. The primary aim of the present study was to provide cross-validation of the Pain Stages of Change Questionnaire-Adolescent and -Parent versions in a new, independent pediatric chronic pain sample by examining aspects of reliability, validity, and generalizability of the factor structures identified in the initial validation study. Secondary aims were to 1) expand upon previously identified differences between the Pain Stages of Change Questionnaire-Adolescent and -Parent versions and 2) examine previously unreported aspects of father data. Although slight differences emerged, the factor structures identified in the initial validation were largely replicated, suggesting that the psychometric properties of the measure are robust across pediatric outpatient chronic pain samples. Variability between parent and adolescent reports suggests that there may be meaningful differences in the interpretation of each measure and that factors other than readiness to change may influence response patterns. Findings highlight the need for more fine-tuned analyses of the way the construct operates in youth with pediatric pain and their parents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings provide further validation of the Pain Stages of Change Questionnaire-Adolescent and -Parent versions measures in a new outpatient pediatric chronic pain sample. Previously uninvestigated father data showed good reliability and patterns of findings similar to validated mother reports. Moreover, the study suggests that the adolescent and parent versions may function in meaningfully different ways.
authors: Medical College of Wisconsin, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Electronic address: jennyevansphd@gmail.com.
authors: Jenny R
authors: JR
authors: Evans
authors: Department of Psychology, McMicken College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors: Kristen
authors: K
authors: Jastrowski Mano
authors: Connecticut Children's Medical Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut.
authors: Jessica W
authors: JW
authors: Guite
authors: Medical College of Wisconsin, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
authors: Steven J
authors: SJ
authors: Weisman
authors: Medical College of Wisconsin, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
authors: Keri R
authors: KR
authors: Hainsworth
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D058443:Catastrophization; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005220:Fathers / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012648:Self Care; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Pediatric; chronic pain; measurement; readiness to change; self-management