title: Behavioral, immunologic, and virologic correlates of oral human papillomavirus infection in HIV-infected youth.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the epidemiology or risk factors for oral human papillomavirus (HPV) in HIV-infected youth. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and correlates of oral HPV infection and to explore the association between HPV vaccination and oral infection in HIV-infected youth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Youth 12 to 24 years of age with behaviorally acquired HIV were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Procedures involved medical chart review, survey, and collection of an oral rinse sample. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine whether demographic, behavioral, immunologic, and virologic factors and history of vaccination were significantly associated with oral HPV infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age of the 272 participants was 21.5 years; 64% were non-Hispanic black and 20.2% were Hispanic; and 10.8% of men compared with 20.3% of women were fully vaccinated. Human papillomavirus prevalence was 19.7% in men and 18.6% in women (P = 1.0). Only men were positive for vaccine-type HPV: 5.6% were positive for HPV-6, HPV-11, HPV-16, and/or HPV-18, and 4.2% were positive for HPV-16 and/or HPV-18. Among men who were fully vaccinated, none were positive for HPV-6, HPV-11, HPV-16, and/or HPV-18, compared with 12 (6.3%) of men who were not fully vaccinated (P = 0.37). Two variables were marginally associated with oral HPV (P < 0.10): marijuana use in the previous 3 months and lower CD4+ T-cell count.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevalence rates of oral HPV were relatively high in this population of HIV-infected youth and were similar in male and female youth. No fully vaccinated men were infected with vaccine-type HPV.
authors: From the *Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH; †New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; ‡Westat, Rockville, MD; §Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; ¶Maternal and Pediatric Infectious Disease Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD; and ∥Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
authors: Jessica A
authors: JA
authors: Kahn
authors: Bret J
authors: BJ
authors: Rudy
authors: Jiahong
authors: J
authors: Xu
authors: Elizabeth A
authors: EA
authors: Secord
authors: Bill G
authors: BG
authors: Kapogiannis
authors: Sarah
authors: S
authors: Thornton
authors: Maura L
authors: ML
authors: Gillison
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; D002648:Child; D060085:Coinfection / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000523:psychology; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000523:psychology; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012747:Sexual Partners / Q000523:psychology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019562:Viral Load; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines