title: Relationship between ADHD and depression among university students in macedonia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral developmental disorder usually diagnosed in children, with appearance of the first symptoms before the age of seven years. The disorder is characterized by inattention and/or impulsivity and hyperactivity that can seriously affect many aspects of behavior and performance at school. ADHD can be associated with comorbidities, such as oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, anxiety or depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was done on a sample of 500 university students. For the measurement of ADHD symptoms, the ADHD Adult Self-report Scale was used and for depression measurement DASS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of this screening study showed that ADHD is highly significant associated with gender (p = 0.0004). Men more often than women have this kind of disorder. Female students have attention subtype deficit, while man student have often hyperactivity/impulsivity disorder and combined subtype due to psychological, temperament and character gender differences among boys and girls. Female examinees are significantly (p=0.028) more often depressed compared to male examinees.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The examined correlations are positive ones or direct, meaning that by increasing the values of the scores from both subscales from the Evaluation ADHD Scale one also increases the scores from the Depression Scale, and vice versa. For a value of p=0.001 and p=0.004 these correlations are statistically highly significant, in other words highly important.
authors: Disability and Insurance Fund of Republic Macedonia, Skopje, Macedonia.
authors: Lidija Sushevska
authors: LS
authors: Panevska
authors: Institute of Epidemiology, Skopje, Macedonia.
authors: Beti
authors: B
authors: Zafirova-Ivanovska
authors: Institute of Epidemiology, Skopje, Macedonia.
authors: Kristin
authors: K
authors: Vasilevska
authors: Institute of Epidemiology, Skopje, Macedonia.
authors: Rozalinda
authors: R
authors: Isjanovska
authors: University Clinic for Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Skopje, Macedonia.
authors: Hadzhihamza
authors: H
authors: Kadri
keywords: ADHD; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; correlation; depression; gender; prevalence; subtypes; university students