title: Human bite wounds: a swiss emergency department experience.
abstract: ﻿﻿﻿﻿﻿﻿ Human bites (HB) are the third most common bite wound diagnosed in emergency departments, after dog and cat bites. Management of HB can be challenging, given the high risk of infection associated with multiorganism-rich oral flora. Recognition and early aggressive treatment are essential steps in preventing infections and other associated complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective, 10-year electronic chart review was performed, which identified 104 HB. Diagnosis, treatment, and outcome were noted for each case.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most of the patients were male, with a male:female ratio of 4:1. A majority of patients (n = 53, 51%) presented with finger and hand injuries. Only 13.8% were bitten on the head or neck, and 25% on the upper limbs. The remainder (35.2%) of patients sustained injuries to other body parts. Twelve operations were necessary and performed by plastic and hand surgeons. More than half of the patients (60.5%) received antibiotic therapy, and 84.6% of the patients had their tetanus prophylaxis administered or received a booster by the time of treatment. Only 40.4% of patients had a post-bite serology test to rule out bloodborne viral infections, none of whom tested positive. The viral status of the biter was known in two cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The goals of HB management are to minimize infection risk and its complications, and to prevent the transmission of systemic infections, such as hepatitis B/C and HIV. Accurate documentation and a management algorithm should be instituted in emergency departments in order to achieve these goals. ﻿﻿﻿.
authors: ﻿Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; email: malektabbara@gmail.com.
authors: Malek
authors: M
authors: Tabbara
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
authors: Panagiota
authors: P
authors: Hatzigianni
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
authors: Christoph
authors: C
authors: Fux
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
authors: Heinz
authors: H
authors: Zimmermann
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
authors: Aristomenis K
authors: AK
authors: Exadaktylos