title: Sodium imaging as a marker of tissue injury in patients with multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Recent studies have suggested that intra-axonal sodium accumulation contribute to axonal degeneration in patients with MS. Advances in MRI hardware and software allow acquisition of brain sodium signal in vivo. This review begins with a summary of the experimental evidence for impairment of sodium homeostasis in MS. Then, MRI methods for sodium acquisition are reviewed and the application of the techniques in patients with MS is discussed. Sodium imaging and ultra-high field MRI have the potential to provide tissue-specific markers of neurodegeneration in MS.
authors: Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NY, USA; Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NY, USA. Electronic address: matilde.inglese@mssm.edu.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Inglese
authors: Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., New York University, NY, USA.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Oesingmann
authors: CRMBM-CEMEREM, UMR 7339, CNRS, Aix-Marseille université, France; Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., New York University, NY, USA.
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Zaaraoui
authors: CRMBM-CEMEREM, UMR 7339, CNRS, Aix-Marseille université, France; Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., New York University, NY, USA.
authors: J P
authors: JP
authors: Ranjeva
authors: Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NY, USA.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Fleysher
keywords: Multiple Sclerosis; Multiple-quantum filtering; Sodium imaging; Ultra-high magnetic field