title: Sesquiterpene Lactone Composition of Wild and Cultivated Sunflowers and Biological Activity against an Insect Pest.
abstract: Sesquiterpene lactones in sunflowers, Helianthus spp., are important to interactions with pathogens, weeds, and insects. Across a broad range of Helianthus annuus, differences in composition of sesquiterpene lactones extracted from disc florets were found between wild and cultivated sunflowers and also between distinct groups of inbreds used to produce sunflower hybrids. Discriminant function analysis showed the presence and relative abundance of argophyllone B, niveusin B, and 15-hydroxy-3-dehydrodesoxyfruticin were usually (75%) effective at classifying wild sunflowers, cultivated inbreds, and hybrids. Argophyllone B reduced the larval mass of the sunflower moth, Homeosoma electellum, by >30%, but only at a dose greater than that found in florets. Low doses of mixed extracts from cultivated florets produced a similar (≈40%) reduction in larval mass, suggesting combinations of sesquiterpene lactones act additively. Although the results support a role for sesquiterpene lactones in herbivore defense of cultivated sunflowers, additional information is needed to use these compounds purposefully in breeding.
authors: †Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States.
authors: Jarrad R
authors: JR
authors: Prasifka
authors: Otmar
authors: O
authors: Spring
authors: Jürgen
authors: J
authors: Conrad
authors: †Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States.
authors: Leonard W
authors: LW
authors: Cook
authors: ⊥Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604, United States.
authors: Debra E
authors: DE
authors: Palmquist
authors: †Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States.
authors: Michael E
authors: ME
authors: Foley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006368:Helianthus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development; D007783:Lactones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009036:Moths / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007783:Lactones; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012717:Sesquiterpenes
keywords: Asteraceae; Helianthus annuus; Pyralidae; argophyllin; argophyllone B; argophyllone B tiglate; host plant resistance; terpenoids