title: Dietary gut microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, and host metabolic regulation.
abstract: During feeding, the gut microbiota contributes to the host energy acquisition and metabolic regulation thereby influencing the development of metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetate, butyrate, and propionate, which are produced by gut microbial fermentation of dietary fiber, are recognized as essential host energy sources and act as signal transduction molecules via G-protein coupled receptors (FFAR2, FFAR3, OLFR78, GPR109A) and as epigenetic regulators of gene expression by the inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC). Recent evidence suggests that dietary fiber and the gut microbial-derived SCFAs exert multiple beneficial effects on the host energy metabolism not only by improving the intestinal environment, but also by directly affecting various host peripheral tissues. In this review, we summarize the roles of gut microbial SCFAs in the host energy regulation and present an overview of the current understanding of its physiological functions.
authors: Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan. 50012152019@st.tuat.ac.jp.
authors: Mayu
authors: M
authors: Kasubuchi
authors: Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan. 50012152057@st.tuat.ac.jp.
authors: Sae
authors: S
authors: Hasegawa
authors: Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. hiramatsu.takerou.88v@st.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
authors: Takero
authors: T
authors: Hiramatsu
authors: Department of Pharmacogenomics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. ichimura.atsuhiko.2r@kyoto-u.ac.jp.
authors: Atsuhiko
authors: A
authors: Ichimura
authors: Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan. ichimura.atsuhiko.2r@kyoto-u.ac.jp.|Department of Pharmacogenomics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. ichimura.atsuhiko.2r@kyoto-u.ac.jp.
authors: Ikuo
authors: I
authors: Kimura
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000378:metabolism*; D002087:Butyrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000628:therapy; D004032:Diet; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000628:therapy; D011422:Propionates / Q000378:metabolism*; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D002087:Butyrates; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D011422:Propionates; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D006655:Histone Deacetylases