title: Could inducible protein-10 and heparin-binding hemagglutinin improve the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected subjects in a country with low incidence of tuberculosis?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to evaluate inducible protein-10 (IP-10) as a biomarker besides interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) to improve the identification of active tuberculosis (TB) and latent tubercular infection (LTBI) in a country with a low incidence of TB.
  
  
  METHODS
  Whole blood from Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected subjects was stimulated with region-of-difference-1 (RD1)-specific peptides and with heparin-binding hemagglutinin (HBHA) to determine the release of IP-10 and IFN-γ.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistically significant difference was observed between positive rates of IP-10 and IFN-γ after RD1-specific peptide stimulation in the TB and LTBI groups; a different response was detected in QuantiFERON TB-gold test-negative (QFT-) subjects. A significantly different proportion of positive responses was observed between IP-10 and IFN-γ following HBHA stimulation in the TB group and in the QFT- group but not in the LTBI group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The IP-10 test seemed to identify false-negative QFT results in some subjects with a positive IFN-γ/IP-10/HBHA pattern.
authors: From the 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences.
authors: Paola
authors: P
authors: Molicotti
authors: Alessandra
authors: A
authors: Bua
authors: Marina
authors: M
authors: Cubeddu
authors: Melania
authors: M
authors: Ruggeri
authors: Maria Stella
authors: MS
authors: Mura
authors: Pietro
authors: P
authors: Pirina
authors: Stefania
authors: S
authors: Zanetti
mesh_terms: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000097:blood*; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D007121:Immunocompetence; D015994:Incidence; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D059425:Interferon-gamma Release Tests; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D055985:Latent Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D037102:Lectins / Q000276:immunology*; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000472:pathogenicity; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; D014374:Tuberculin Test; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D015415:Biomarkers; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D037102:Lectins; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; C104578:heparin-binding hemagglutinin; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: IFN-γ; IP-10; QuantiFERON; Tuberculosis; interferon-gamma