title: Surface characterization and in vivo evaluation of dual Acid-etched and grit-blasted/acid-etched implants in sheep.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dual acid-etching is widely used to modify dental implant topography and enhance early bone healing. This study evaluated the histomorphometric, biomechanical, and histological bone response to acid-etched (AA) in comparison with grit-blasted/acid-etched (GB) and machined control (C) implants within sites of relatively low-bone remodeling rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Implant surface topography was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and optical interferometry (IFM). Six adult male sheep (n = 6) received 72 Ti-6Al-4V implants (n = 24 per surface) in both ilium (n = 12 per bone bilaterally). The implants remained for 3 and 6 weeks in vivo. The histomorphometric parameters bone-implant contact (BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO) were evaluated. Biomechanical analysis consisted of torque-to-interface failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IFM analysis showed the highest average surface roughness for GB and the highest density of summits and developed surface area percentage (P < 0.01) for AA. No difference was observed in BAFO for all groups in 3 and 6 weeks. Increased BIC and torque resistance were observed for AA implants at both time points after implantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, improved bone-to-implant response was observed for the AA implant surface.
authors: *PhD Candidate, Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY. †Assistant Professor, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, UNIGRANRIO University School of Health Sciences, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ‡PhD Candidate, Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY. §Adjunct Professor and Director, Material Analysis and Testing Laboratory, Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY. ‖Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, University of São Paulo-Bauru College of Dentistry, São Paulo, Brazil. ¶Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY. #Associate Professor, Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY; Director for Research, Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY; Affiliated Faculty, Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Yoo
authors: Charles
authors: C
authors: Marin
authors: Gileade
authors: G
authors: Freitas
authors: Nick
authors: N
authors: Tovar
authors: Estevam A
authors: EA
authors: Bonfante
authors: Hellen S
authors: HS
authors: Teixeira
authors: Malvin N
authors: MN
authors: Janal
authors: Paulo G
authors: PG
authors: Coelho
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods*; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D007368:Interferometry; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D012756:Sheep; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants