title: Cryptotanshinone protects against adriamycin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The serious side effect of Adriamycin (ADR) is cardiomyopathy. Cryptotanshinone (CRY) is widely and safely used as antioxidant with MTD more than 5 mg/g in rats (p.o).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to study the protection effects of CRY against ADR-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The chemical administration lasted for 20 days with an effective dose of CRY (p.o.) at 50 mg/kg in rats. Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activities, ATP generation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), superoxide anion free radical, oxidative stress-relative enzymes, and mitochondrial biogenesis-relative factors in normal control, ADR (i.p., 1.25 mg/kg), and ADR (i.p., 1.25 mg/kg) + CYP (p.o., 50 mg/kg) groups were detected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  50 mg/kg CRY significantly promoted the energy production of ATP (16.99 ± 2.38 nmol/g Pro) (Pro: Protein) by increasing the complexes activities except II (p > 0.05). After the treatment of CRY, the suppressed MMP was increased while superoxide anion free radical (0.57 ± 0.07/mg Pro) was inhibited markedly. Mitochondrial biogenesis-relative factors PGC-1α, NRF-1, and TFAM were also promoted. Remarkable augmentations of NO, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and increased activity of GSH-PX (p < 0.05) were also detected after the treatment of CRY, while no obvious changes on the activity of nitric oxide synthase (cNOS; p > 0.05) were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that CRY protects against ADR-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes. It could be an ideal potential drug of cardioprotection.
authors: a Department of Tumor Surgery , Wuwei Tumor Hospital , Wuwei, Gansu PR China .
authors: Yanshan
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: b Department of Paediatrics , Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , PR China .
authors: Liang
authors: L
authors: Chen
authors: c International Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing PR China .
authors: Fan
authors: F
authors: Li
authors: d Department of Tumor Chemotherapy , Wuwei Tumor Hospital , Wuwei, Gansu , PR China .
authors: Huijuan
authors: H
authors: Wang
authors: e Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical College , Xuzhou, Jiangsu , PR China , and.
authors: Yunyi
authors: Y
authors: Yao
authors: f Department of Cardiology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu PR China.
authors: Jiamei
authors: J
authors: Shu
authors: c International Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing PR China .
authors: Ming-Zhong
authors: MZ
authors: Ying
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D066126:Cardiotoxicity / Q000517:prevention & control; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000633:toxicity*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D027561:Salvia miltiorrhiza / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D010616:Phenanthrenes; C037886:cryptotanshinone; D004317:Doxorubicin; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate
keywords: ATP generation; cardiovascular protection; mitochondrial biogenesis; mitochondrial complex activity; mitochondrial membrane potential; mitochondrial respiratory chain; oxidative stress; superoxide anion free radical