title: Induction of size-dependent breakdown of blood-milk barrier in lactating mice by TiO2 nanoparticles.
abstract: This study aims to investigate the potential nanotoxic effects of TiO2 nanoparticles (TNPs) to dams and pups during lactation period. TiO2 nanoparticles are accumulated in mammary glands of lactating mice after i.v. administration. This accumulation of TiO2 NP likely causes a ROS-induced disruption of tight junction of the blood-milk barrier as indicated by the loss of tight junction proteins and the shedding of alveolar epithelial cells. Compared to larger TNPs (50 nm), smaller ones (8 nm) exhibit a higher accumulation in mammary glands and are more potent in causing perturbations to blood-milk barrier. An alarming finding is that the smaller TNPs (8 nm) are transferred from dams to pups through breastfeeding, likely through the disrupted blood-milk barrier. However, during the lactation period, the nutrient quality of milk from dams and the early developmental landmarks of the pups are not affected by above perturbations.
authors: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors: Chengke
authors: C
authors: Zhang
authors: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors: Shumei
authors: S
authors: Zhai
authors: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors: Ling
authors: L
authors: Wu
authors: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors: Yuhong
authors: Y
authors: Bai
authors: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors: Jianbo
authors: J
authors: Jia
authors: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors: Bin
authors: B
authors: Zhang
authors: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors: Bing
authors: B
authors: Yan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007774:Lactation / Q000097:blood* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D019108:Tight Junctions / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium