title: Physical features, phenolic compounds, betalains and total antioxidant capacity of coloured quinoa seeds (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) from Peruvian Altiplano.
abstract: Physical features, bioactive compounds and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of coloured quinoa varieties (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) from Peruvian Altiplano were studied. Quinoa seeds did not show a pure red colour, but a mixture which corresponded to different fractal colour values (51.0-71.8), and they varied from small to large size. Regarding bioactive compounds, total phenolic (1.23-3.24mg gallic acid equivalents/g) and flavonol contents (0.47-2.55mg quercetin equivalents/g) were highly correlated (r=0.910). Betalains content (0.15-6.10mg/100g) was correlated with L colour parameter (r=-0.569), total phenolics (r=0.703) and flavonols content (r=0.718). Ratio of betaxanthins to betacyanins (0.0-1.41) was negatively correlated with L value (r=-0.744). Whereas, high TAC values (119.8-335.9mmol Trolox equivalents/kg) were negatively correlated with L value (r=-0.779), but positively with betalains (r=0.730), as well as with free (r=0.639), bound (r=0.558) and total phenolic compounds (r=0.676). Unexploited coloured quinoa seeds are proposed as a valuable natural source of phenolics and betalains with high antioxidant capacity.
authors: Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Fatima
authors: F
authors: Abderrahim
authors: Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Facultad de Agroindustria, Puno, Peru.
authors: Elizabeth
authors: E
authors: Huanatico
authors: Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Facultad de Agroindustria, Puno, Peru.
authors: Roger
authors: R
authors: Segura
authors: Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Silvia
authors: S
authors: Arribas
authors: Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Madrid, Spain.
authors: M Carmen
authors: MC
authors: Gonzalez
authors: Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: lcondezotm@hotmail.com.
authors: Luis
authors: L
authors: Condezo-Hoyos
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants; D050858:Betalains / Q000737:chemistry*; D027465:Chenopodium quinoa / Q000737:chemistry*; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000737:chemistry*; D010568:Peru; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D010636:Phenols; D050858:Betalains; C017616:phenolic acid
keywords: Betalains; Peruvian Altiplano; Phenolic compounds; QUENCHER procedure; Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.); Total antioxidant capacity