title: The influence of dietary fat source on liver and skeletal muscle mitochondrial modifications and lifespan changes in calorie-restricted mice.
abstract: The Membrane Theory of Aging proposes that lifespan is inversely related to the level of unsaturation in membrane phospholipids. Calorie restriction (CR) without malnutrition extends lifespan in many model organisms, which may be related to alterations in membrane phospholipids fatty acids. During the last few years our research focused on studying how altering the predominant fat source affects the outcome of CR in mice. We have established four dietary groups: one control group fed 95 % of a pre-determined ad libitum intake (in order to prevent obesity), and three CR groups fed 40 % less than ad libitum intake. Lipid source for the control and one of the CR groups was soybean oil (high in n-6 PUFA) whereas the two remaining CR groups were fed diets containing fish oil (high in n-3 PUFA), or lard (high in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids). Dietary intervention periods ranged from 1 to 18 months. We performed a longitudinal lifespan study and a cross-sectional study set up to evaluate several mitochondrial parameters which included fatty acid composition, H(+) leak, activities of electron transport chain enzymes, ROS generation, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial ultrastructure, and mitochondrial apoptotic signaling in liver and skeletal muscle. These approaches applied to different cohorts of mice have independently indicated that lard as a fat source often maximizes the effects of 40 % CR on mice. These effects could be due to significant increases of monounsaturated fatty acids levels, in accordance with the Membrane Theory of Aging.
authors: Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, 3ª planta, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 14014, Córdoba, Spain, jmvillalba@uco.es.
authors: José Manuel
authors: JM
authors: Villalba
authors: José Alberto
authors: JA
authors: López-Domínguez
authors: Yana
authors: Y
authors: Chen
authors: Husam
authors: H
authors: Khraiwesh
authors: José Antonio
authors: JA
authors: González-Reyes
authors: Lucía Fernández
authors: LF
authors: Del Río
authors: Elena
authors: E
authors: Gutiérrez-Casado
authors: Mercedes
authors: M
authors: Del Río
authors: Miguel
authors: M
authors: Calvo-Rubio
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Ariza
authors: Rafael
authors: R
authors: de Cabo
authors: Guillermo
authors: G
authors: López-Lluch
authors: Plácido
authors: P
authors: Navas
authors: Kevork
authors: K
authors: Hagopian
authors: María Isabel
authors: MI
authors: Burón
authors: Jon Jay
authors: JJ
authors: Ramsey
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D017209:Apoptosis; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D045222:Electron Transport Chain Complex Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008136:Longevity; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; D008930:Mitochondria, Liver / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008931:Mitochondria, Muscle / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008954:Models, Biological; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D045222:Electron Transport Chain Complex Proteins; D005395:Fish Oils; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013024:Soybean Oil; C029310:lard