title: Effect of diet-induced obesity or type 1 or type 2 diabetes on corneal nerves and peripheral neuropathy in C57Bl/6J mice.
abstract: We determined the impact diet-induced obesity (DIO) and types 1 and 2 diabetes have on peripheral neuropathy with emphasis on corneal nerve structural changes in C57Bl/6J mice. Endpoints examined included nerve conduction velocity, response to thermal and mechanical stimuli and innervation of the skin and cornea. DIO mice and to a greater extent type 2 diabetic mice were insulin resistant. DIO and both types 1 and 2 diabetic mice developed motor and sensory nerve conduction deficits. In the cornea of DIO and type 2 diabetic mice there was a decrease in sub-epithelial corneal nerves, innervation of the corneal epithelium, and corneal sensitivity. Type 1 diabetic mice did not present with any significant changes in corneal nerve structure until after 20 weeks of hyperglycemia. DIO and type 2 diabetic mice developed corneal structural damage more rapidly than type 1 diabetic mice although hemoglobin A1 C values were significantly higher in type 1 diabetic mice. This suggests that DIO with or without hyperglycemia contributes to development and progression of peripheral neuropathy and nerve structural damage in the cornea.
authors: Department of Veterans Affairs Iowa City Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA.|Veterans Affairs Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors: Matthew S
authors: MS
authors: Yorek
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors: Alexander
authors: A
authors: Obrosov
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors: Hanna
authors: H
authors: Shevalye
authors: Department of Veterans Affairs Iowa City Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors: Amey
authors: A
authors: Holmes
authors: Department of Veterans Affairs Iowa City Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA.|Veterans Affairs Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City, IA, USA.|Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors: Matthew M
authors: MM
authors: Harper
authors: Department of Veterans Affairs Iowa City Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA.|Veterans Affairs Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City, IA, USA.|Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors: Randy H
authors: RH
authors: Kardon
authors: Department of Veterans Affairs Iowa City Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA.|Veterans Affairs Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City, IA, USA.|Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.|Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors: Mark A
authors: MA
authors: Yorek
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D003315:Cornea / Q000294:innervation* / Q000473:pathology; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000209:etiology*; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000378:metabolism; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000502:physiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology*; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; C027576:4-hydroxy-2-nonenal
keywords: corneal confocal microscopy; corneal nerves; diabetes; diabetic peripheral neuropathy; obesity