title: Surface microstructure of dental implants before and after insertion: an in vitro study by means of scanning probe microscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The surface microstructure of dental implants affects osseointegration, which makes their accurate topographic characterization important. We defined a procedure for evaluation of implant topography before (pre-) and after (post-) in vitro implantation test in bovine bone.
  
  
  METHODS
  The apical morphology of ten implants was analyzed in pre- and post-conditions using atomic force microscopy or 3D profilometry. We extracted four topographical parameters (two amplitude, 1 spatial, and 1 hybrid) and assessed the differences by analysis of variance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The implant with coating (Spline Twist MP-1 HA) was damaged. The two implants with highest pre-amplitude parameters (Pitt Easy VTPS, TLR3815) maintained their character on testing. Pitt Easy PURETEX and OT-F1 were the only nondamaged implants whose amplitude parameters increased. The surface area underwent minor changes even when the texture changed (Tri-Vent, Pitt Easy PURETEX, Exp #1). The implants that ranked the lowest in all parameters before implantation were DT4013TI, Tri-Vent, OT-F1, and Exp #2. On testing, DT4013TI showed the highest decrease in values, whereas Tri-Vent showed the highest increase in surface area. All the experimental implants showed similar topographic properties both pre- and post-test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For most implants, no major changes occurred in surface topography on implantation. The procedure applied seems promising to evaluate the degradation of implant surface on insertion.
authors: *Research Technologist, Department of Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy. †Private Practice, via Cesarea 2, Genova, Italy. ‡Technologist, Piezosurgery Inc., Columbus, OH. §Private Practice, piazza della Vittoria 8, Genova, Italy.
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Salerno
authors: Angelo
authors: A
authors: Itri
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Frezzato
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: Rebaudi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D015921:Dental Implants; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants