title: Modulation of antioxidant systems by subchronic exposure to the aqueous extract of leaves from Achillea millefolium L. in rats.
abstract: We determined the effects of subchronic exposure to aqueous extract of leaves from Achillea millefolium (AE) on enzyme- and non-enzyme-dependent antioxidant systems in rats. Seven days treatment with AE (1 g/kg/twice a day, p.o.) altered the reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and antioxidant enzyme activities in several organs of the animals. Amount of GSH in uterus was increased (73%) while in kidneys it was decreased (23%). Besides, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) activity was increased in forestomach (26%) and in liver (64%), while glutathione S-transferase activity was decreased in the forestomach (32%) and increased in the liver (41%), kidney (35%) and uterus (37%). In preliminary experiments targeting the interaction of AE with acetaminophen (600 mg/kg, p.o.), we observed augmentation of acetaminophen-induced increase of the plasmatic alanine aminotransaminase, aspartate aminotransaminase and lactate dehydrogenase. Overall, the results indicate a potential toxic interaction of AE compounds with xenobiotics that use the glutathione pathway.
authors: a Sector of Biological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology , Universidade Federal do Paraná , Curitiba , PR , Brazil.
authors: Cristiane Hatsuko
authors: CH
authors: Baggio
authors: a Sector of Biological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology , Universidade Federal do Paraná , Curitiba , PR , Brazil.
authors: Gláucia de Martini
authors: Gde M
authors: Otofuji
authors: a Sector of Biological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology , Universidade Federal do Paraná , Curitiba , PR , Brazil.
authors: Cristina Setim
authors: CS
authors: Freitas
authors: a Sector of Biological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology , Universidade Federal do Paraná , Curitiba , PR , Brazil.
authors: Bárbara
authors: B
authors: Mayer
authors: a Sector of Biological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology , Universidade Federal do Paraná , Curitiba , PR , Brazil.
authors: Maria Consuelo Andrade
authors: MC
authors: Marques
authors: a Sector of Biological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology , Universidade Federal do Paraná , Curitiba , PR , Brazil.
authors: Sonia
authors: S
authors: Mesia-Vela
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000633:toxicity; D031162:Achillea / Q000737:chemistry*; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014599:Uterus / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000082:Acetaminophen; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Achillea millefolium; acetaminophen toxicity; antioxidant enzymes; glutathione; toxicity