title: Effect of carbon and nitrogen sources on in vitro flower and fruit formation and withanolides production in Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal.
abstract: We studied the influence of sucrose and nitrogen concentration on in vitro flowering and fruit setting in elongated shoots of Withania somnifera. BA (1.5 mg/l) and IAA (0.3 mg/l) on MS medium supplemented with 4% sucrose showed 67% of in vitro flower induction frequency, 9 flowers/shoot, 4 fruits/shoot and 11 seeds/fruit in elongated-shoots. Different concentrations of nitrogen sources (L-glutamine, adenine sulphate, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate 5-25 mg/l) were tested in combination with 4% sucrose and BA at 1.5 mg/l and IAA at 0.3 mg/l. Highest number of flowers (20 flowers/shoot; 2.2-fold) and fruits (16 fruits/shoot; 3.39-fold), fruit setting (12 seeds/fruit; 1.08-fold) at a higher frequency (88%) were achieved on MS medium augmented with 15 mg/l adenine sulphate with same PGRs and sucrose concentration. The maximum production of withanolide A (0.68 mg/g DW) and withanolide B (0.77 mg/g DW) was recorded in in vitro fruits. Highest accumulation of withaferin A (2 mg/g DW) was quantified from in vitro flowers, whereas, it was low in in vitro fruits (0.49 mg/g DW withaferin A). However, withanone (0.23 mg/g DW) was found accumulated uniformly in both in vitro flowers and fruits compared to control.
authors: Ganeshan
authors: G
authors: Sivanandhan
authors: Jeevaraj
authors: J
authors: Theboral
authors: Gnanajothi Kapil
authors: GK
authors: Dev
authors: Natesan
authors: N
authors: Selvaraj
authors: Markandan
authors: M
authors: Manickavasagam
authors: Andy
authors: A
authors: Ganapathi
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development*; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D018527:Hydroponics; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development; D013395:Sucrose / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D032341:Withania / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D054358:Withanolides / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D009566:Nitrates; D054358:Withanolides; D005973:Glutamine; D013395:Sucrose; D002244:Carbon; D000225:Adenine; D009584:Nitrogen