title: The business case for pediatric asthma quality improvement in low-income populations: examining a provider-based pay-for-reporting intervention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure the return on investment (ROI) for a pediatric asthma pay-for-reporting intervention initiated by a Medicaid managed care plan in New York State.
  
  
  METHODS
  Practice-level, randomized prospective evaluation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five primary care practices providing care to children enrolled in the Monroe Plan for Medical Care (the Monroe Plan).
  
  
  METHODS
  Practices were randomized to either treatment (13 practices, 11 participated) or control (12 practices).
  
  
  METHODS
  For each of its eligible members assigned to a treatment group practice, the Monroe plan paid a low monthly incentive fee to the practice. To receive the incentive, treatment group practices were required to conduct, and report to the Monroe Plan, the results of chart audits on eligible members. Chart audits were conducted by practices every 6 months. After each chart audit, the Monroe Plan provided performance feedback to each practice comparing its adherence to asthma care guidelines with averages from all other treatment group practices. Control practices continued with usual care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intervention implementation and operating costs and per member, per month claims costs. ROI was measured by net present value (discounted cash flow analysis).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ROI to the Monroe Plan was negative, primarily due to high intervention costs and lack of reductions in spending on emergency department and hospital utilization for children in treatment relative to control practices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A pay-for-reporting, chart audit intervention is unlikely to achieve the meaningful reductions in utilization of high-cost services that would be necessary to produce a financial ROI in 2.5 years.
authors: Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7411, USA.
authors: Kristin L
authors: KL
authors: Reiter
authors: Mathematica Policy Research, Inc., Washington, DC 20002-4221, USA.
authors: Kristin Andrews
authors: KA
authors: Lemos
authors: Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
authors: Charlotte E
authors: CE
authors: Williams
authors: Deputy Director of the Center on Health Care Effectiveness, Mathematica Policy Research, Inc., Princeton, NJ 08543, USA.
authors: Dominick
authors: D
authors: Esposito
authors: Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7411, USA Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
authors: Sandra B
authors: SB
authors: Greene
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001249:Asthma / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004282:Documentation; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008484:Medicaid / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D009518:New York; D010816:Physician Incentive Plans / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011203:Poverty; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D058996:Quality Improvement / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Medicaid; asthma; audit and feedback; business case; pay-for-reporting; return on investment