title: Vitamin E as adjuvant treatment for urinary tract infection in girls with acute pyelonephritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin that functions as an antioxidant. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamins E supplementation in combination with antibiotics for the treatment of girls with acute pyelonephritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This double-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted on 152 girls aged 5 to 12 years with a first acute pyelonephritis episode based on technetium Tc 99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (99mTc-DMSA). They were randomized to receive a 14-day treatment with only antibiotics (control group; n = 76) and 14-day treatment with supplements of vitamin E (intervention group; n = 76) in addition to the antibiotics. Patients' clinical symptoms were monitored for 14 days and urine culture was performed 3 to 4 days and 7 to 10 days after the start of the treatment and its completion, respectively. All of the girls once underwent DMSA scan 4 to 6 months after the treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the follow-up days, the mean frequency of fever (P = .01), urinary frequency (P = .001), urgency (P = .003), dribbling (P = .001), and urinary incontinence (P = .006) were significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in the results of urine culture 3 to 4 days after the start of treatment (P = .16) and 7 to 10 days after its termination (P = .37). There was also no significant difference between the results of DMSA scan 4 to 6 months after the start of treatment (P = .31).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin E supplementation has a significant effect in ameliorating sign and symptoms of UTI. However, further studies are recommended to confirm these findings.
authors: Parsa
authors: P
authors: Yousefichaijan
authors: Manigeh
authors: M
authors: Kahbazi
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Rasti
authors: Mohammad
authors: M
authors: Rafeie
authors: Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. sharafkhah@arakmu.ac.ir.
authors: Mojtaba
authors: M
authors: Sharafkhah
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000277:Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D011704:Pyelonephritis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019783:Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000277:Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D014810:Vitamin E; D019783:Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid