title: Aflatoxin M1: Prevalence and decontamination strategies in milk and milk products.
abstract: Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk is among the most carcinogenic compounds, relatively high levels being consumed, especially by the most vulnerable age groups, i.e. infants and the elderly. Reports on its prevalence are constantly being received from various parts of the world compelling nations to establish their own standard limits for AFM1. Global review of the literature indicates the existence of methods of partial decontamination of AFM1, however; evidence based studies do not suggest that any single strategy as a coherent and complete solution to the issue. Microbial decontamination of AFM1 has emerged as the most suitable method up to now but the stability of toxin-microbial cell complexes still remains questionable. This review discusses the chemical nature, established maximum permissible limits and prevalence of AFM1 in various countries from 2009 to 2014. Moreover, the possible mechanisms for AFM1 reduction mainly the microbial decontamination and the stability and bioaccessibility of microbial-AFM1 complexes are also discussed.
authors: a Department of Food Science and Technology , Bahauddin Zakariya University, Food Science and Technology , Multan , Pakistan and.
authors: Amir
authors: A
authors: Ismail
authors: a Department of Food Science and Technology , Bahauddin Zakariya University, Food Science and Technology , Multan , Pakistan and.
authors: Saeed
authors: S
authors: Akhtar
authors: b Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts Amherst , MA , USA.
authors: Robert E
authors: RE
authors: Levin
authors: a Department of Food Science and Technology , Bahauddin Zakariya University, Food Science and Technology , Multan , Pakistan and.
authors: Tariq
authors: T
authors: Ismail
authors: a Department of Food Science and Technology , Bahauddin Zakariya University, Food Science and Technology , Multan , Pakistan and.
authors: Muhammad
authors: M
authors: Riaz
authors: a Department of Food Science and Technology , Bahauddin Zakariya University, Food Science and Technology , Multan , Pakistan and.
authors: Mamoona
authors: M
authors: Amir
mesh_terms: D016607:Aflatoxin M1 / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000032:analysis*; D003666:Decontamination / Q000379:methods*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D016607:Aflatoxin M1
keywords: Bioaccessibility; carcinogenic; mechanism; standard limits; vulnerable