title: Bioactive compounds and scavenging capacity of extracts from different parts of Vismia cauliflora against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vismia cauliflora A.C.Sm. [Hypericaceae (Clusiaceae)] is a plant from Amazonian forest. It is used by Amerindians to treat dermatosis and inflammatory processes in the skin and has been considered an interesting source of bioactive compounds.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the scavenging capacity of extracts from V. cauliflora (leaf, branch, stem bark, flower, and whole fruit) against reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS), namely, superoxide radical ([Formula: see text]), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hypochlorous acid (HOCl), singlet oxygen ((1)O2), nitric oxide ((•)NO), and peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)). In addition, for the first time, the profile of phenolic compounds and carotenoids was determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  The scavenging capacities of each extract were determined using specific probes (fluorescent, colorimetric, and chemiluminescent) to detect different reactive species ((1)O2, HOCl, H2O2, [Formula: see text], (•)NO, and ONOO(-)). The identification and the quantification of phenolic compounds and carotenoids were carried out by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and HPLC-DAD, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (-)-Epicatechin and proanthocyanidin dimers and trimer were the major phenolic compounds tentatively identified in leaf, branch, stem bark, and flower extracts, while dihydroxybenzoic acids were the major compounds in whole fruit extracts. All-trans-zeinoxanthin and all-trans-β-carotene were the major carotenoids tentatively identified in leaf extracts. All extracts of V. cauliflora showed high efficiency against all tested ROS and RNS, although flower and stem bark extracts exhibited the most remarkable scavenging capacity, especially for (•)NO and ONOO(-).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vismia cauliflora has great potential to be used in the development of phytopharmaceutical products due to its characteristic of being a promising source of bioactive compounds with high antioxidant properties.
authors: PosGraduate Program of Food Science and.
authors: Alessandra Braga
authors: AB
authors: Ribeiro
authors: Alessandra
authors: A
authors: Berto
authors: Renan Campos
authors: RC
authors: Chisté
authors: Marisa
authors: M
authors: Freitas
authors: Jesuí V
authors: JV
authors: Visentainer
authors: Eduarda
authors: E
authors: Fernandes
mesh_terms: D002338:Carotenoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D028084:Clusiaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D003124:Colorimetry; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D035264:Flowers; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005638:Fruit; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D008517:Phytotherapy; D024301:Plant Bark; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D018547:Plant Stems; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000737:chemistry*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002338:Carotenoids
keywords: Amazonian plant; LC-MS; antioxidant capacity, carotenoids; phenolic compounds