title: Alcohol consumption and the risk of renal cancers in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC).
abstract: Epidemiologic studies have reported that moderate alcohol consumption is inversely associated with the risk of renal cancer. However, there is no information available on the associations in renal cancer subsites. From 1992 through to 2010, 477,325 men and women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort were followed for incident renal cancers (n = 931). Baseline and lifetime alcohol consumption was assessed by country-specific, validated dietary questionnaires. Information on past alcohol consumption was collected by lifestyle questionnaires. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated from Cox proportional hazard models. In multivariate analysis, total alcohol consumption at baseline was inversely associated with renal cancer; the HR and 95% CI for the increasing categories of total alcohol consumption at recruitment versus the light drinkers category were 0.78 (0.62-0.99), 0.82 (0.64-1.04), 0.70 (0.55-0.90), 0.91 (0.63-1.30), respectively, (ptrend  = 0.001). A similar relationship was observed for average lifetime alcohol consumption and for all renal cancer subsites combined or for renal parenchyma subsite. The trend was not observed in hypertensive individuals and not significant in smokers. In conclusion, moderate alcohol consumption was associated with a decreased risk of renal cancer.
authors: Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France.
authors: Magdalena B
authors: MB
authors: Wozniak
authors: Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France.
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Brennan
authors: Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France.|Department of Population Health Research, Cancer Control Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada.
authors: Darren R
authors: DR
authors: Brenner
authors: Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors: Kim
authors: K
authors: Overvad
authors: Department of Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Anja
authors: A
authors: Olsen
authors: Department of Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Tjønneland
authors: Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, Villejuif, France.|Institut Gustave-Roussy (IGR), Université Paris Sud, INSERM, Villejuif, France.
authors: Marie-Christine
authors: MC
authors: Boutron-Ruault
authors: Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, Villejuif, France.|Institut Gustave-Roussy (IGR), Université Paris Sud, INSERM, Villejuif, France.
authors: Françoise
authors: F
authors: Clavel-Chapelon
authors: Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, Villejuif, France.|Institut Gustave-Roussy (IGR), Université Paris Sud, INSERM, Villejuif, France.
authors: Guy
authors: G
authors: Fagherazzi
authors: Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
authors: Verena
authors: V
authors: Katzke
authors: Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
authors: Tilman
authors: T
authors: Kühn
authors: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany.
authors: Heiner
authors: H
authors: Boeing
authors: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany.
authors: Manuela M
authors: MM
authors: Bergmann
authors: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany.
authors: Annika
authors: A
authors: Steffen
authors: Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.|Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece.
authors: Androniki
authors: A
authors: Naska
authors: Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.|Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece.|Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Greece.
authors: Antonia
authors: A
authors: Trichopoulou
authors: Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece.|Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Greece.|Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
authors: Dimitrios
authors: D
authors: Trichopoulos
authors: Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy.
authors: Calogero
authors: C
authors: Saieva
authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Grioni
authors: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
authors: Salvatore
authors: S
authors: Panico
authors: Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, "Civic - M.P. Arezzo" Hospital, ASP Ragusa, Italy.
authors: Rosario
authors: R
authors: Tumino
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.|HuGeF Foundation, Torino, Italy.
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Vineis
authors: Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.|Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.|Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.|Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: H B As
authors: HB
authors: Bueno-de-Mesquita
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.|MRC-PHE, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
authors: Petra H
authors: PH
authors: Peeters
authors: Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Anette
authors: A
authors: Hjartåker
authors: Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.|Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway.|Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.
authors: Elisabete
authors: E
authors: Weiderpass
authors: Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Instituto BIO-Donostia, Basque Government, CIBER De Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), San Sebastian, Spain.
authors: Larraitz
authors: L
authors: Arriola
authors: Escuela Andaluza De Salud Pública, Instituto De Investigación Biosanitaria, Universidad De Granada, Granada, Spain.|CIBER De Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Granada, Spain.
authors: Esther
authors: E
authors: Molina-Montes
authors: Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'hospitalet De Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Eric J
authors: EJ
authors: Duell
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.
authors: Carmen
authors: C
authors: Santiuste
authors: Public Health Directorate, Asturias, Spain.
authors: Ramón
authors: R
authors: Alonso de la Torre
authors: Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain.|CIBER De Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
authors: Aurelio
authors: A
authors: Barricarte Gurrea
authors: Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.|Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors: Tanja
authors: T
authors: Stocks
authors: Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France.|Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors: Mattias
authors: M
authors: Johansson
authors: Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors: Börje
authors: B
authors: Ljungberg
authors: MRC Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors: Nick
authors: N
authors: Wareham
authors: School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors: Kay-Tee
authors: KT
authors: Khaw
authors: Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors: Ruth C
authors: RC
authors: Travis
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
authors: Amanda J
authors: AJ
authors: Cross
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
authors: Neil
authors: N
authors: Murphy
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
authors: Elio
authors: E
authors: Riboli
authors: Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France.
authors: Ghislaine
authors: G
authors: Scelo
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: EPIC; alcohol consumption; cohort study; kidney cancer; renal cell carcinoma; risk factors