title: The hippocampus and TNF: Common links between chronic pain and depression.
abstract: Major depression and chronic pain are significant health problems that seriously impact the quality of life of affected individuals. These diseases that individually are difficult to treat often co-exist, thereby compounding the patient's disability and impairment as well as the challenge of successful treatment. The development of efficacious treatments for these comorbid disorders requires a more comprehensive understanding of their linked associations through common neuromodulators, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and various neurotransmitters, as well as common neuroanatomical pathways and structures, including the hippocampal brain region. This review discusses the interaction between depression and chronic pain, emphasizing the fundamental role of the hippocampus in the development and maintenance of both disorders. The focus of this review addresses the hypothesis that hippocampal expressed TNFα serves as a therapeutic target for management of chronic pain and major depressive disorder (MDD).
authors: Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States.
authors: Victoria
authors: V
authors: Fasick
authors: NanoAxis, LLC, Clarence, NY 14031, United States.
authors: Robert N
authors: RN
authors: Spengler
authors: Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States.
authors: Shabnam
authors: S
authors: Samankan
authors: Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States.
authors: Nader D
authors: ND
authors: Nader
authors: Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States; NanoAxis, LLC, Clarence, NY 14031, United States; Program for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States. Electronic address: tai1@buffalo.edu.
authors: Tracey A
authors: TA
authors: Ignatowski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D058748:Pain Perception / Q000502:physiology; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C439524:TNF protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: Brain; Chronic pain; Comorbid; Depression; Hippocampus; Tumor necrosis factor-α