title: Pre-B Lymphocyte Protein 3 (VPREB3) Expression in the Adrenal Cortex: Precedent for non-Immunological Roles in Normal and Neoplastic Human Tissues.
abstract: The pre-B lymphocyte protein 3 (VPREB3) is expressed during B cell differentiation and in subsets of mature B lymphocytes and is mainly found in bone marrow and lymphoid tissue germinative centers. So far, its function in B cells remains to be clarified. The messenger RNA (mRNA) of VPREB3 was previously detected in aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA); however, further information about this protein in human adrenocortical cells and tissues is currently unavailable. Therefore, in the present study, we, for the first time, investigate the protein expression of VPREB3 in human adrenocortical tissues. In addition, we approach the previously suggested similarities in expression patterns of aldosterone-producing cells and Purkinje neurons. Immunohistochemical analysis of VPREB3 was performed in 13 nonpathological adrenals (NA), 6 adrenal glands with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA), 18 APA, 5 cortisol-producing adenomas (CPA), and 5 nonpathological human cerebellum specimens. The mRNA levels of VPREB3, steroidogenic enzymes, and other aldosterone biosynthesis markers were detected in 53 APA samples using real-time RT-PCR (qPCR) and compared to the clinical data of APA patients. In our results, the VPREB3 protein was diffusely detected in APA, partially or weakly detected in CPA, and immunolocalized in the zona glomerulosa of NA and IHA, as well as in the cytoplasm of cerebellar Purkinje cells. In APA, VPREB3 mRNA levels were significantly correlated to plasma aldosterone (P = 0.026; R = 0.30), KCNJ5 mutations (P = 0.0061; mutated 34:19 wild type), CYP11B2 (P < 0.0001; R = 0.65), Purkinje cell protein 4 (PCP4; P < 0.0001; R = 0.53), and voltage-dependent calcium channels CaV1.3 (P = 0.023; R = 0.31) and CaV3.2 (P = 0.0019; R = 0.42). Based on our data, we hypothesize a possible role for VPREB3 in aldosterone biosynthesis, and present ideas for future functional studies.
authors: Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan, felizola@med.tohoku.ac.jp.
authors: Saulo J A
authors: SJ
authors: Felizola
authors: Koshin
authors: K
authors: Katsu
authors: Kazue
authors: K
authors: Ise
authors: Yasuhiro
authors: Y
authors: Nakamura
authors: Yoichi
authors: Y
authors: Arai
authors: Fumitoshi
authors: F
authors: Satoh
authors: Hironobu
authors: H
authors: Sasano
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000302:Adrenal Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000306:Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology; D051676:G Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation; D054420:Pre-B Cell Receptors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D051676:G Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium Channels; C484274:KCNJ5 protein, human; D054420:Pre-B Cell Receptors; C515476:pre-B lymphocyte protein 3, human; D000804:Angiotensin II; D000450:Aldosterone