title: Precise fusion of MRI and dual energy 111In WBC/99mTc HDP SPECT/CT in the diabetic foot using companion CT: an example of SPECT/MRI imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of our study was to correctly fuse MRI and SPECT ¹¹¹In WBC and ⁹⁹m Tc HDP images using companion CT images. The fused images could be used to assess proper surgical approach in treatment of the diabetic foot.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine patients who had dual energy ¹¹¹In WBC/ ⁹⁹m Tc HDP SPECT/CT and MRI studies within a week were investigated in an ongoing project. A GE Infinia SPECT/CT camera and Siemens MAGNETOM 1.5T MR system were used in this study. First, the MRI and corresponding CT images were coregistrated using a transformation based on normalized mutual information. The transformation was saved and used for MRI and ¹¹¹In WBC/ ⁹⁹m Tc HDP SPECT fusion. A Jaszczak phantom study was also performed in order to estimate accuracy of MRI/ SPECT fusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Jaszczak phantom study with 3.7 MBq ¹¹¹In hot sphere showed that MRI/SPECT alignment using the approach described above produced registration with 0.7 ± 0.4 mm accuracy in all three dimensions (3D). The nine clinical cases were visually evaluated and showed 1-2 mm 3D fusion accuracy. MRI provides almost perfect anatomy of soft tissue and bony structures but it may exaggerate the extent of infection. ¹¹¹In WBC/⁹⁹m Tc HDP SPECT imaging is more accurate for infection detection but lacks anatomical reference. Combination of these images proved an essential adjunct to diagnosis. A clinical utility of the approach is illustrated in two clinical examples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CT in dual energy ¹¹¹In WBC/⁹⁹m Tc HDP SPECT/CT studies can be used to accurately fuse and compare ¹¹¹In WBC/⁹⁹m Tc HDP SPECT and MRI images of the diabetic foot. This can significantly help in conservative treatment planning and limb salvage procedures in treatment of diabetic foot infections.
authors: Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA - karin.knesaurek@mssm.edu.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Knešaurek
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Kolker
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Vatti
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Heiba
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods; D015900:Radiography, Dual-Energy Scanned Projection / Q000379:methods; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013669:Technetium Tc 99m Medronate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C024226:technetium Tc 99m hydroxymethylene diphosphonate; D013669:Technetium Tc 99m Medronate