title: Use of a facilitated discussion model for antenatal care to improve communication.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Achieving health literacy is a critical step to improving health outcomes and the health of a nation. However, there is a lack of research on health literacy in low-resource countries, where maternal health outcomes are at their worst.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the usefulness and feasibility of providing focused antenatal care (FANC) in a group setting using picture cards to improve patient-provider communication, patient engagement, and improve health literacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  An exploratory, mixed methods design was employed to gather pilot data using the Health Literacy Skills Framework.
  
  
  METHODS
  A busy urban district hospital in the Ashanti Region of Ghana was used to gather data during 2014.
  
  
  METHODS
  A facility-driven convenience sample of midwives (n=6) aged 18 years or older, who could speak English or Twi, and had provided antenatal care at the participating hospital during the previous year prior to the start of the study participated in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected using pre-test and post-test surveys, completed three months after the group FANC was implemented. A semi-structured focus group was conducted with four of the participating midwives and the registered nurse providing support and supervision for the study (n=5) at the time of the post-test. Data were analyzed concurrently to gain a broad understanding of patient communication, engagement, and group FANC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in the mean communication (t(df=3)=0.541, p=0.626) and engagement (t(df=3)=-0.775, p=0.495) scores between the pre- and post-test. However, the focus group revealed the following themes: (a) improved communication through the use of picture cards; (b) enhanced information sharing and peer support through the facilitated group process and; and (c) an improved understanding of patient concerns.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The improved communication noted through the use of picture cards and the enhanced information sharing and peer support elicited through the group FANC undoubtedly provided patients with additional tools to invoke self-determination, and carry out the behaviors they thought were most important to improve pregnancy outcomes.
authors: University of Michigan School of Nursing, 400 N. Ingalls, Room 3320, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address: jrlori@umich.edu.
authors: Jody R
authors: JR
authors: Lori
authors: University of Michigan School of Nursing, 400 N. Ingalls, Room 3188, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address: mlmunro@umich.edu.
authors: Michelle L
authors: ML
authors: Munro
authors: University of Michigan School of Nursing, 400 N. Ingalls, Room 3352, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address: meachuey@gmail.com.
authors: Meagan R
authors: MR
authors: Chuey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001296:Audiovisual Aids; D003142:Communication; D005260:Female; D005869:Ghana; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D008880:Midwifery; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000379:methods*; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Africa; Antenatal care; Communication; Focused antenatal care; Ghana; Group care; Health literacy; Maternal health; Midwifery; Mixed methodology