title: A field investigation on transport of carbon-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) in groundwater.
abstract: The application of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) for subsurface remediation of groundwater contaminants is a promising new technology, which can be understood as alternative to the permeable reactive barrier technique using granular iron. Dechlorination of organic contaminants by zero-valent iron seems promising. Currently, one limitation to widespread deployment is the fast agglomeration and sedimentation of nZVI in colloidal suspensions, even more so when in soils and sediments, which limits the applicability for the treatment of sources and plumes of contamination. Colloid-supported nZVI shows promising characteristics to overcome these limitations. Mobility of Carbo-Iron Colloids (CIC) - a newly developed composite material based on finely ground activated carbon as a carrier for nZVI - was tested in a field application: In this study, a horizontal dipole flow field was established between two wells separated by 5.3m in a confined, natural aquifer. The injection/extraction rate was 500L/h. Approximately 1.2kg of CIC was suspended with the polyanionic stabilizer carboxymethyl cellulose. The suspension was introduced into the aquifer at the injection well. Breakthrough of CIC was observed visually and based on total particle and iron concentrations detected in samples from the extraction well. Filtration of water samples revealed a particle breakthrough of about 12% of the amount introduced. This demonstrates high mobility of CIC particles and we suggest that nZVI carried on CIC can be used for contaminant plume remediation by in-situ formation of reactive barriers.
authors: Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany. Electronic address: Jan.busch@uni-potsdam.de.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Busch
authors: Fraunhofer IKTS, Winterbergstraße 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany. Electronic address: tmeiss@gmx.net.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Meißner
authors: Fraunhofer IKTS, Winterbergstraße 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany. Electronic address: annegret.potthoff@ikts.fraunhofer.de.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Potthoff
authors: Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany. Electronic address: steffen.bleyl@ufz.de.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Bleyl
authors: Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany. Electronic address: anett.georgi@ufz.de.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Georgi
authors: Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany. Electronic address: katrin.mackenzie@ufz.de.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Mackenzie
authors: Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany. Electronic address: ralf.trabitzsch@ufz.de.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Trabitzsch
authors: Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany. Electronic address: ulrike.werban@ufz.de.
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Werban
authors: Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany. Electronic address: Sascha.oswald@uni-potsdam.de.
authors: S E
authors: SE
authors: Oswald
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium / Q000737:chemistry; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D003102:Colloids / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D005858:Germany; D060587:Groundwater / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D054879:Halogenation; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D012987:Soil; D013535:Suspensions / Q000737:chemistry; D014876:Water Pollution
chemical_list: D003102:Colloids; D012987:Soil; D013535:Suspensions; D002606:Charcoal; D002244:Carbon; D007501:Iron; D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium
keywords: Carbon colloid; Fe–C composite; Field aquifer; Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI); Particle mobility; Remediation