title: TALEN-mediated targeted mutagenesis produces a large variety of heritable mutations in rice.
abstract: CRISPR/Cas9 and TALEN are currently the two systems of choice for genome editing. We have studied the efficiency of the TALEN system in rice as well as the nature and inheritability of TALEN-induced mutations and found important features of this technology. The N287C230 TALEN backbone resulted in low mutation rates (0-6.6%), but truncations in its C-terminal domain dramatically increased efficiency to 25%. In most transgenic T0 plants, TALEN produced a single prevalent mutation accompanied by a variety of low-frequency mutations. For each independent T0 plant, the prevalent mutation was present in most tissues within a single tiller as well as in all tillers examined, suggesting that TALEN-induced mutations occurred very early in the development of the shoot apical meristem. Multigenerational analysis showed that TALEN-induced mutations were stably transmitted to the T1 and T2 populations in a normal Mendelian fashion. In our study, the vast majority of TALEN-induced mutations (~81%) affected multiple bases and ~70% of them were deletions. Our results contrast with published reports for the CRISPR/Cas9 system in rice, in which the predominant mutations affected single bases and deletions accounted for only 3.3% of the overall mutations.
authors: Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Zhang
authors: Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
authors: Feng
authors: F
authors: Gou
authors: Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
authors: Jinshan
authors: J
authors: Zhang
authors: Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.|School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
authors: Wenshan
authors: W
authors: Liu
authors: Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
authors: Qianqian
authors: Q
authors: Li
authors: Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
authors: Yanfei
authors: Y
authors: Mao
authors: Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
authors: José Ramón
authors: JR
authors: Botella
authors: Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.|Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
authors: Jian-Kang
authors: JK
authors: Zhu
mesh_terms: D020090:Chromosome Segregation / Q000235:genetics; D017343:Genes, Plant; D005838:Genotype; D040582:Inheritance Patterns / Q000235:genetics*; D016296:Mutagenesis / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D000069896:Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000069896:Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases
keywords: TALEN; rice; targeted genome editing