title: Single-dose live-attenuated vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine protects African green monkeys from Nipah virus disease.
abstract: Nipah virus is a zoonotic paramyxovirus that causes severe respiratory and/or encephalitic disease in humans, often resulting in death. It is transmitted from pteropus fruit bats, which serve as the natural reservoir of the virus, and outbreaks occur on an almost annual basis in Bangladesh or India. Outbreaks are small and sporadic, and several cases of human-to-human transmission have been documented as an important feature of the epidemiology of Nipah virus disease. There are no approved countermeasures to combat infection and medical intervention is supportive. We recently generated a recombinant replication-competent vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine that encodes a Nipah virus glycoprotein as an antigen and is highly efficacious in the hamster model of Nipah virus disease. Herein, we show that this vaccine protects African green monkeys, a well-characterized model of Nipah virus disease, from disease one month after a single intramuscular administration of the vaccine. Vaccination resulted in a rapid and strong virus-specific immune response which inhibited virus shedding and replication. This vaccine platform provides a rapid means to afford protection from Nipah virus in an outbreak situation.
authors: National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Prescott
authors: National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA; University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA.
authors: Blair L
authors: BL
authors: DeBuysscher
authors: National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
authors: Friederike
authors: F
authors: Feldmann
authors: National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
authors: Donald J
authors: DJ
authors: Gardner
authors: National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
authors: Elaine
authors: E
authors: Haddock
authors: National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
authors: Cynthia
authors: C
authors: Martellaro
authors: National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
authors: Dana
authors: D
authors: Scott
authors: National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA. Electronic address: feldmannh@niaid.nih.gov.
authors: Heinz
authors: H
authors: Feldmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D006224:Cricetinae; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D045464:Henipavirus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D008297:Male; D045405:Nipah Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D014611:Vaccination; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D018116:Vesiculovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D019562:Viral Load; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D014766:Viremia
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines
keywords: Immune response; Nipah virus; Paramyxovirus; Vaccine; Vesicular stomatitis virus