title: Co-exposure to aluminum and acrylamide disturbs expression of metallothionein, proinflammatory cytokines and induces genotoxicity: Biochemical and histopathological changes in the kidney of adult rats.
abstract: The individual toxic effects of aluminum and acrylamide are known but there is no data on their combined effects. The present study investigates the toxic effects after combined exposure to these toxicants on: (i) oxidative stress during combined chronic exposure to aluminum and acrylamide on kidney function (ii) correlation of oxidative stress with metallothionein (MT) and inflammatory cytokines expression, DNA damage, and histopathological changes. Rats were exposed to aluminum (50 mg/kg body weight) in drinking water and acrylamide (20 mg/kg body weight) by gavage either individually or in combination for 3 weeks. Exposure rats to aluminum chloride or acrylamide alone and in combination induced nephrotoxicity, as evidenced by a decrease in the 24-h urine volume and uric acid levels in plasma and an increase of plasma creatinine, urea, and blood urea nitrogen levels. Nephrotoxicity was objectified by a significant increase in malondialdehyde level, advanced oxidation protein, and protein carbonyl contents, whereas reduced glutathione, nonprotein thiol, vitamin C levels, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities showed a significant decline. Superoxide dismutase activity and its gene expression were increased. Aluminum and acrylamide co-exposure exhibited synergism in various biochemical variables and also in DNA damage. Kidney total MT levels and genes expression of MT1, MT2, and proinflammatory cytokines were increased. All these changes were supported by histopathological observations. Co-exposure to aluminum and acrylamide exhibited synergism and more pronounced toxic effects compared with their individual effects based on various biochemical variables, genotoxic, and histopathological changes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1044-1058, 2016.
authors: Animal Physiology Laboratory, Sfax Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, 3000 Sfax, BP 1171, Tunisia.
authors: Imen
authors: I
authors: Ghorbel
authors: Enzymes and Bioconversions Laboratory, National Engineering School, University of Sfax, BP 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia.
authors: Sameh
authors: S
authors: Maktouf
authors: Biochemistry Laboratory, CHU Hedi Chaker, University of Sfax, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia.
authors: Nesrine
authors: N
authors: Fendri
authors: Biochemistry Laboratory, CHU Hedi Chaker, University of Sfax, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia.
authors: Kamel
authors: K
authors: Jamoussi
authors: Enzymes and Bioconversions Laboratory, National Engineering School, University of Sfax, BP 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia.
authors: Semia
authors: S
authors: Ellouze Chaabouni
authors: Anatomopathology Laboratory, CHU Habib Bourguiba, University of Sfax, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia.
authors: Tahia
authors: T
authors: Boudawara
authors: Animal Physiology Laboratory, Sfax Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, 3000 Sfax, BP 1171, Tunisia.
authors: Najiba
authors: N
authors: Zeghal
mesh_terms: D020106:Acrylamide / Q000633:toxicity*; D000077410:Aluminum Chloride; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002712:Chlorides / Q000633:toxicity*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D015415:Biomarkers; D002712:Chlorides; D016207:Cytokines; D060766:Drinking Water; D020106:Acrylamide; D014527:Uric Acid; D000077410:Aluminum Chloride; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D008668:Metallothionein; D003404:Creatinine; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: acrylamide; aluminum chloride; metallothionein; nephrotoxicity; proinflammatory cytokines; rat