title: SLM produced porous titanium implant improvements for enhanced vascularization and osteoblast seeding.
abstract: To improve well-known titanium implants, pores can be used for increasing bone formation and close bone-implant interface. Selective Laser Melting (SLM) enables the production of any geometry and was used for implant production with 250-µm pore size. The used pore size supports vessel ingrowth, as bone formation is strongly dependent on fast vascularization. Additionally, proangiogenic factors promote implant vascularization. To functionalize the titanium with proangiogenic factors, polycaprolactone (PCL) coating can be used. The following proangiogenic factors were examined: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12). As different surfaces lead to different cell reactions, titanium and PCL coating were compared. The growing into the porous titanium structure of primary osteoblasts was examined by cross sections. Primary osteoblasts seeded on the different surfaces were compared using Live Cell Imaging (LCI). Cross sections showed cells had proliferated, but not migrated after seven days. Although the cell count was lower on titanium PCL implants in LCI, the cell count and cell spreading area development showed promising results for titanium PCL implants. HMGB1 showed the highest migration capacity for stimulating the endothelial cell line. Future perspective would be the incorporation of HMGB1 into PCL polymer for the realization of a slow factor release.
authors: Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, D-30559 Hannover, Germany. julia.matena@tiho-hannover.de.
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Matena
authors: Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Rostock University Medical Center, D-18119 Rostock, Germany. svea.petersen@uni-rostock.de.
authors: Svea
authors: S
authors: Petersen
authors: Materials and Processes Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., D-30419 Hannover, Germany. m.gieseke@lzh.de.
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Gieseke
authors: Clinic for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany. kampmann.andreas@mh-hannover.de.
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Kampmann
authors: Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Rostock University Medical Center, D-18119 Rostock, Germany. michael.teske@uni-rostock.de.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Teske
authors: Institute for Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, D-30559 Hannover, Germany. martin.beyerbach@tiho-hannover.de.
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Beyerbach
authors: Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, D-30559 Hannover, Germany. hugo.murua.escobar@med.uni-rostock.de.|Division of Medicine Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, D-18057 Rostock, Germany. hugo.murua.escobar@med.uni-rostock.de.
authors: Hugo
authors: H
authors: Murua Escobar
authors: Institut fuer Werkstoffkunde, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, D-30823 Hannover, Germany. haferkamp@iw.uni-hannover.de.
authors: Heinz
authors: H
authors: Haferkamp
authors: Clinic for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany. gellrich.nils-claudius@mh-hannover.de.
authors: Nils-Claudius
authors: NC
authors: Gellrich
authors: Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, D-30559 Hannover, Germany. ingo.nolte@tiho-hannover.de.
authors: Ingo
authors: I
authors: Nolte
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12 / Q000378:metabolism; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005615:Freezing; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D007834:Lasers; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D016062:Porosity; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C016240:polycaprolactone; D014025:Titanium