title: Titanium Granules for Augmentation of the Maxillary Sinus - A Multicenter Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Biomaterials are commonly used to augment the maxillary sinus floor prior to or in conjunction with dental implant installation. Recently, porous titanium granules (PTGs) have been used in oral implant surgery to stabilize implants and function as an osteoconductive matrix.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate if PTGs can be safely used in a larger population of patients, treated by different surgeons, when sinus floor augmentation was required in conjunction with implant installation. The primary endpoint was 12-month survival rate of the dental implants. Biopsies for histology were taken from the augmented area.
  
  
  METHODS
  At five centers, 40 subjects with uni or bilateral posterior edentulism and atrophy of the posterior maxilla (3-6 mm) were enrolled. In a single-stage procedure, PTG and one to three dental implants were installed in each quadrant. In total, 70 implants were included in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One immobile implant was removed. The mean marginal bone loss was 0.5 mm and 0.8 mm, on the mesial and distal side, respectively. Histologically, all biopsies demonstrated bone ingrowth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that PTG can be safely and effectively used as augmentation material in the sinus floor when used with dental implants in a one-stage procedure.
authors: Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Ståle Petter
authors: SP
authors: Lyngstadaas
authors: Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Anders
authors: A
authors: Verket
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Else Marie
authors: EM
authors: Pinholt
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Mertens
authors: Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Hans Reidar
authors: HR
authors: Haanaes
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Lund, Lund, Sweden.
authors: Gert
authors: G
authors: Wall
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors: Mats
authors: M
authors: Wallström
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors: Lars
authors: L
authors: Rasmusson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011861:Radiography, Dental; D059546:Sinus Floor Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D014025:Titanium / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014025:Titanium
keywords: biomaterials; bone augmentation; implant survival; maxillary sinus floor elevation