title: Educating medical trainees on medication reconciliation: a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Effective medication reconciliation is critical in reducing the risk of preventable adverse drug events. Medical trainees are often responsible for medication reconciliation on admission, transfer and discharge of the most vulnerable patients; therefore, it is important that trainees are educated on this aspect of quality care.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a systematic review using MEDLINE and EMBASE databases to identify education initiatives targeted at improving trainee skill and knowledge in carrying out medication reconciliation. Studies published in English or French between July 1980 and July 2013, where the primary focus of the article was the role of medical trainees in conducting medication reconciliation, and where trainee-specific data was reported, were included. Included articles must have reported trainee-specific data. Given the anticipated heterogeneity and array of outcomes, we were unable to employ a specific tool in assessing the risk of bias across studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven studies met pre-specified eligibility criteria, indicating the lack of published education initiatives targeted towards improving trainee knowledge and experience. Four described an education intervention targeted towards students completing internal medicine clerkship, while the remaining 3 were implemented among residents. Although no two interventions were the same, 5 out of 7 included an experiential component.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Varying success was achieved with medication reconciliation education interventions. While some noted improved competence and/or confidence amongst trainees, namely undergraduate medical students, others noted little effect resulting from the intervention.
authors: McGill Clinical and Health Informatics Research Group, McGill University, 140 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Canada. aliya.ramjaun@mail.utoronto.ca.
authors: Aliya
authors: A
authors: Ramjaun
authors: Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada. monisha.sudarshan@mail.mcgill.ca.
authors: Monisha
authors: M
authors: Sudarshan
authors: McGill Clinical and Health Informatics Research Group, McGill University, 140 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Canada. laura.patakfalvi@gmail.com.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Patakfalvi
authors: McGill Clinical and Health Informatics Research Group, McGill University, 140 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Canada. robyn.tamblyn@mcgill.ca.|Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. robyn.tamblyn@mcgill.ca.
authors: Robyn
authors: R
authors: Tamblyn
authors: McGill Clinical and Health Informatics Research Group, McGill University, 140 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Canada. ari.meguerditchian@mcgill.ca.|Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada. ari.meguerditchian@mcgill.ca.|Department of Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada. ari.meguerditchian@mcgill.ca.
authors: Ari N
authors: AN
authors: Meguerditchian
mesh_terms: D002982:Clinical Clerkship / Q000458:organization & administration; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003479:Curriculum; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000379:methods*; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008297:Male; D059065:Medication Reconciliation / Q000379:methods*; D010351:Patient Discharge