title: Appearance normalization of histology slides.
abstract: This paper presents a method for automatic color and intensity normalization of digitized histology slides stained with two different agents. In comparison to previous approaches, prior information on the stain vectors is used in the plane estimation process, resulting in improved stability of the estimates. Due to the prevalence of hematoxylin and eosin staining for histology slides, the proposed method has significant practical utility. In particular, it can be used as a first step to standardize appearance across slides and is effective at countering effects due to differing stain amounts and protocols and counteracting slide fading. The approach is validated against non-prior plane-fitting using synthetic experiments and 13 real datasets. Results of application of the method to adjustment of faded slides are given, and the effectiveness of the method in aiding statistical classification is shown.
authors: Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
authors: Jared
authors: J
authors: Vicory
authors: Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
authors: Heather D
authors: HD
authors: Couture
authors: Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
authors: Nancy E
authors: NE
authors: Thomas
authors: Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Borland
authors: Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
authors: J S
authors: JS
authors: Marron
authors: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Woosley
authors: Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA; Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA. Electronic address: mn@cs.unc.edu.
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Niethammer
mesh_terms: D004396:Coloring Agents; D004801:Eosine Yellowish-(YS); D006416:Hematoxylin; D006652:Histological Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000592:standards*; D008853:Microscopy / Q000592:standards*; D015233:Models, Statistical; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D004801:Eosine Yellowish-(YS); D006416:Hematoxylin
keywords: Appearance normalization; Histology