title: How Does the Accuracy of Intracranial Volume Measurements Affect Normalized Brain Volumes? Sample Size Estimates Based on 966 Subjects from the HUNT MRI Cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The intracranial volume is commonly used for correcting regional brain volume measurements for variations in head size. Accurate intracranial volume measurements are important because errors will be propagated to the corrected regional brain volume measurements, possibly leading to biased data or decreased power. Our aims were to describe a fully automatic SPM-based method for estimating the intracranial volume and to explore the practical implications of different methods for obtaining the intracranial volume and normalization methods on statistical power.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe a method for calculating the intracranial volume that can use either T1-weighted or both T1- and T2-weighted MR images. The accuracy of the method was compared with manual measurements and automatic estimates by FreeSurfer and SPM-based methods. Sample size calculations on intracranial volume-corrected regional brain volumes with intracranial volume estimates from FreeSurfer, SPM, and our proposed method were used to explore the benefits of accurate intracranial volume estimates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proposed method for estimating the intracranial volume compared favorably with the other methods evaluated here, with mean and absolute differences in manual measurements of -0.1% and 2.2%, respectively, and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.97 when using T1-weighted images. Using both T1- and T2-weighted images for estimating the intracranial volume slightly improved the accuracy. Sample size calculations showed that both the accuracy of intracranial volume estimates and the method for correcting the regional volume measurements affected the sample size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Accurate intracranial volume estimates are most important for ratio-corrected regional brain volumes, for which our proposed method can provide increased power in intracranial volume-corrected regional brain volume data.
authors: From the Departments of Neuroscience (T.I.H., V.B., A.H.) Department of Medical Imaging (T.I.H., V.B., A.H.), St. Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
authors: T I
authors: TI
authors: Hansen
authors: From the Departments of Neuroscience (T.I.H., V.B., A.H.) Department of Medical Imaging (T.I.H., V.B., A.H.), St. Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Brezova
authors: Circulation and Medical Imaging (L.E.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Eikenes
authors: From the Departments of Neuroscience (T.I.H., V.B., A.H.) Department of Medical Imaging (T.I.H., V.B., A.H.), St. Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Håberg
authors: Medical Imaging Research Group (T.R.V.), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway Department of Radiology (T.R.V.), University Hospital North Norway, Tromsø, Norway. torgil.vangberg@uit.no.
authors: T R
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-5464
authors: TR
authors: Vangberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D012016:Reference Values; D018401:Sample Size