title: Risk factors for complications in infants and children with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify risk factors associated with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube complications in a large cohort of infants and children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a chart review of 591 pediatric patients undergoing PEG tube placement between 2006 and 2010 at Boston Children's Hospital. Frequency and type of major and minor complications associated with PEG tubes in children were identified. Univariate and multivariate analyses were then conducted to determine potential risk factors for complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 198 PEG-related complications (72 major and 126 minor) were noted in our cohort of 591 patients. Approximately 10.5% of patients experienced at least one major complication and 16.4% experienced at least one minor complication, with the great majority of complications occurring after discharge postplacement. Age <6 months (P = .003), American Society of Anesthesiologists class III (P = .02), and presence of a neurologic disorder (P = .05) were found to be protective against experiencing a major complication, whereas the presence of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was confirmed to be a risk factor (P = .01) for major complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both minor and major complications are common in children after PEG tube placement, with most complications occurring several months postoperatively. Certain patient factors, including age, neurologic status, and American Society of Anesthesiologists class, may be protective, and the presence of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt may be associate with an increased risk of complications after PEG tube placement.
authors: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Electronic address: maireade.mcsweeney@childrens.harvard.edu.
authors: Maireade E
authors: ME
authors: McSweeney
authors: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors: Jessica
authors: J
authors: Kerr
authors: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors: Hongyu
authors: H
authors: Jiang
authors: Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, UMass Memorial Children's Medical Center, Worcester, MA.
authors: Jenifer R
authors: JR
authors: Lightdale
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005773:Gastroscopy; D005774:Gastrostomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors