title: Prehospital Pain and Analgesic Therapy in Elderly Patients with Hip Fractures.
abstract: As a part of aging, hip fractures are becoming more common. The connection between increased pain and a poor outcome has previously been shown. Therefore, even in prehospital situations, analgesic therapy appears to be reasonable. We established a prospective study with 153 patients to evaluate the patients' pain levels during the prehospital phase of treatment and prehospital analgesic therapy.
  
  
  
  We performed a prospective study on 153 patients the age of 60 years or older in a University hospital setting between 2010 and 2011 who suffered hip fracture. Analgesics given and the type of medical staff that was involved were documented. Pain was measured using the NRS upon initial contact of the medical staff and upon admission to our emergency department.
  
  
  
  Initial pain level evaluated by EMS (emergency medical service) was 6.8 (SD = 2.7). Twenty-two percent of the patients reported an NRS of 10 as the highest value following their injury. Forty-three of 153 patients (28%) received analgesics. The mean initial pain score for those 43 patients who did receive pain medication was 7.0 (SD = 2.6). However, this score dropped to a mean of 2.8 (SD = 1.4) upon hospital arrival (P < 0.001). The patients who did not receive pain medication had an initial pain score of 4.5 (SD = 1.9). Upon admission to the hospital, this score decreased to a mean of 4.0 (SD = 1.7, P = 0.092).
  
  
  
  Only a minority of patients with hip fractures received prehospital analgesia. The administration of prehospital analgesia was associated with significant pain relief.
authors: Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.
authors: Ludwig
authors: L
authors: Oberkircher
authors: Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.
authors: Natalie
authors: N
authors: Schubert
authors: Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.
authors: Daphne-Asimenia
authors: DA
authors: Eschbach
authors: Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.
authors: Christopher
authors: C
authors: Bliemel
authors: Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Krueger
authors: Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.
authors: Steffen
authors: S
authors: Ruchholtz
authors: Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.
authors: Benjamin
authors: B
authors: Buecking
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008950:MMPI; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics
keywords: Emergency Medical Services; elderly; hip fracture; pain; prehospital; prehospital analgesia; trauma