title: HIV-1 prevalence and subtype/recombinant distribution among travelers entering China from Vietnam at the HeKou port in the Yunnan province, China, between 2003 and 2012.
abstract: The aim of this study was to assess HIV-1 prevalence and the distribution of HIV-1 subtypes among travelers crossing the border at the HeKou land port. Between 2003 and 2012, 22,799 persons were randomly recruited from people entering China from Vietnam. In this crossing border population, a total of 161 (0.71%) travelers were determined as HIV-1-positive. From them, 140 HIV-1-positive serum samples were collected for RNA extraction and subsequent RT-nested PCR amplification of the group-specific antigen (gag)-RT with a length of 2.6 kb. The DNA sequences were analyzed to determine the HIV-1 subtypes/recombinants. We found that the circulating recombinant form 01_AE (CRF01_AE) was the most common HIV-1 subtype, accounting for 49.4% (41/83) of the subtyped 83 samples, followed by CRF08_BC (26.5%, 22/83) and CRF07_BC (7.2%, 6/83). Only 1 sample was classified as subtype C. Thirteen cases could not be clustered into any known subtypes or CRFs and presented as unique recombinant forms (URFs). Of them, 6 recombination patterns were identified. They had distinct structures consisting of fragments of subtypes B, C, CRF01_AE, CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC. Between 2003 and 2012, CRF01_AE and CRE08_BC were shown to be the most prevalent recombinant forms identified each year. But yearly change of each subtype is uncertain regular among in these travelers during the past decade. Understanding the distribution of HIV-1 subtypes/recombinants and how it changes across time among individuals entering China from Vietnam through this land port is crucial to establish strategies for the prevention of HIV cross-border transmission.
authors: Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Center for Molecular Medicine in Yunnan province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, China.
authors: Yajuan
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Care Center for International Travel Health in Yunnan, Yunnan, China.
authors: Yaobo
authors: Y
authors: Liang
authors: Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Center for Molecular Medicine in Yunnan province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, China.
authors: Yue
authors: Y
authors: Feng
authors: Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Center for Molecular Medicine in Yunnan province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, China.
authors: Binghui
authors: B
authors: Wang
authors: Care Center for International Travel Health in Yunnan, Yunnan, China.
authors: Yaping
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: HeKou Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Yunnan, China.
authors: Zhikun
authors: Z
authors: Wu
authors: HeKou Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Yunnan, China.
authors: Jianchun
authors: J
authors: Zhang
authors: Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Center for Molecular Medicine in Yunnan province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, China.
authors: Zulqarnain
authors: Z
authors: Baloch
authors: Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Center for Molecular Medicine in Yunnan province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, China.
authors: A-Mei
authors: AM
authors: Zhang
authors: Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Center for Molecular Medicine in Yunnan province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, China.
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Liu
authors: Care Center for International Travel Health in Yunnan, Yunnan, China.
authors: Weihong
authors: W
authors: Qin
authors: Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Center for Molecular Medicine in Yunnan province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, China.
authors: Xueshan
authors: X
authors: Xia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001483:Base Sequence; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D013997:Time Factors; D014195:Travel; D014744:Vietnam / Q000208:ethnology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: human immunodeficiency virus; molecular epidemiology; subtype distribution