title: A poly(alkyl methacrylate-divinylbenzene-vinylbenzyl trimethylammonium chloride) monolithic column for solid-phase microextraction.
abstract: In this study, an organic polymer monolithic columns, which were prepared via in situ polymerization of alkyl methacrylate-ester (AMA), divinylbenzene (DVB) and vinylbenzyl trimethylammonium chloride (VBTA, charged monomer), were developed as adsorbent for solid-phase microextraction (SPME). Different parameters affecting the extraction efficiency for nine (9) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as the ratio of the stearyl methacrylate (SMA) to DVB monomer, column length, sample pH, extraction flow rate and desorption solvent were investigated to obtain the optimal SPME condition. Also, the permeability for each poly(AMA-DVB-VBTA) monolithic column was investigated by adding porogenic solvent (poly(ethylene glycol), PEG). Using the optimized condition, a series of AMA-based poly(AMA-DVB-VBTA) monolith columns were developed to determine the effect the extraction efficiency of NSAIDs by varying the alkyl chain length of the methacrylate ester (methyl-, butyl-, octyl-, or lauryl-methacrylate; (MMA, BMA, OMA, LMA)). Results showed that decreasing the AMA chain length increases the extraction efficiency of some NSAIDs (i.e. sulindac (sul), naproxen (nap), ketoprofen (ket) and indomethacin (idm)). Among the poly(AMA-DVB-VBTA) monolithic columns, poly(BMA-DVB-VBTA) showed a highly repeatable extraction efficiency for NSAIDs with recoveries ranging from 85.0 to 100.2% with relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 6.8% (n=3). The poly(BMA-DVB-VBTA) can also be reused for at least 50 times without any significant effect in extraction efficiency for NSAIDs. Finally, using the established conditions, the poly(BMA-DVB-VBTA) was used to extract trace-level NSAIDs (100μgL(-1)) in river water with good recoveries ranging from 75.8 to 90.8% (RSD<14.9%).
authors: Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung-Li 320, Taiwan.
authors: Wan-Ling
authors: WL
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung-Li 320, Taiwan.
authors: Stephen
authors: S
authors: Lirio
authors: Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung-Li 320, Taiwan; Institute of Modern Separation Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
authors: Yicong
authors: Y
authors: Yang
authors: Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung-Li 320, Taiwan.
authors: Lin-Tai
authors: LT
authors: Wu
authors: Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung-Li 320, Taiwan.
authors: Shu-Ying
authors: SY
authors: Hsiao
authors: Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung-Li 320, Taiwan. Electronic address: hyhuang@cycu.edu.tw.
authors: Hsi-Ya
authors: HY
authors: Huang
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D058105:Polymerization; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014753:Vinyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D008689:Methacrylates; D014753:Vinyl Compounds; C115846:dodecyl methacrylate; C004985:divinyl benzene
keywords: Divinylbenzene; Methacrylate ester; Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); Polymeric monoliths; Solid-phase microextraction (SPME)