title: Pragmatic measurement of health satisfaction in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus using the Current Health Satisfaction Questionnaire.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The concept of diabetes-related health satisfaction encompasses issues specifically related to living with diabetes (eg, blood glucose, blood pressure levels, body weight). Health satisfaction is more specific than overall health-related quality of life because it considers disease-related factors, and is different from diabetes treatment satisfaction because it addresses issues not specifically related to treatment. Low levels of health satisfaction in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may negatively affect self-care behaviors and treatment outcomes; however, there are currently no instruments available to assess health satisfaction in this population. This study assessed the measurement properties of a newly constructed, 14-item Current Health Satisfaction Questionnaire (CHES-Q) designed to assess diabetes-related health satisfaction and knowledge of the disease and important laboratory results.
  
  
  METHODS
  In-depth interviews were conducted in 23 adults with T2DM to confirm the content and clarity of the CHES-Q. The revised instrument was administered to 1,015 individuals with T2DM, along with supplemental questionnaires, including the Short Form-36. All subjects completed the questionnaires again 3 to 7 days later. CHES-Q test-retest reliability, construct validity, and known-groups validity were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In general, respondents found the CHES-Q to be clear and comprehensive. Test-retest reliability was generally acceptable for all items (≥0.70), except for three that fell just below the widely accepted cut-point of 0.70 (range 0.63-0.69). Convergent and divergent validity was demonstrated based on hypothesized correlations with the Short Form-36. Known-groups validity was confirmed for most CHES-Q items when respondents were split into groups known to differ clinically by body mass index, disease severity, or glycated hemoglobin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Health satisfaction is a unique and important concept to consider when developing individualized strategies for managing T2DM because health satisfaction is a key element of patient-centered care. The CHES-Q allows for the pragmatic assessment of many aspects of diabetes-related health satisfaction in a single questionnaire.
authors: Janssen Global Services, LLC, Raritan, NJ, USA.
authors: Shana B
authors: SB
authors: Traina
authors: Health Outcomes Solutions, Winter Park, FL, USA.
authors: Hilary H
authors: HH
authors: Colwell
authors: Health Outcomes Solutions, Winter Park, FL, USA ; Neuropsychiatric Research Institute and University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, ND, USA.
authors: Ross D
authors: RD
authors: Crosby
authors: Health Outcomes Solutions, Winter Park, FL, USA.
authors: Susan D
authors: SD
authors: Mathias
keywords: Current Health Satisfaction Questionnaire; diabetes; health satisfaction; patient-reported outcomes; reliability; validity