title: Bladder carcinoma data with clinical risk factors and molecular markers: a cluster analysis.
abstract: Bladder cancer occurs in the epithelial lining of the urinary bladder and is amongst the most common types of cancer in humans, killing thousands of people a year. This paper is based on the hypothesis that the use of clinical and histopathological data together with information about the concentration of various molecular markers in patients is useful for the prediction of outcomes and the design of treatments of nonmuscle invasive bladder carcinoma (NMIBC). A population of 45 patients with a new diagnosis of NMIBC was selected. Patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), muscle invasive bladder carcinoma (MIBC), carcinoma in situ (CIS), and NMIBC recurrent tumors were not included due to their different clinical behavior. Clinical history was obtained by means of anamnesis and physical examination, and preoperative imaging and urine cytology were carried out for all patients. Then, patients underwent conventional transurethral resection (TURBT) and some proteomic analyses quantified the biomarkers (p53, neu, and EGFR). A postoperative follow-up was performed to detect relapse and progression. Clusterings were performed to find groups with clinical, molecular markers, histopathological prognostic factors, and statistics about recurrence, progression, and overall survival of patients with NMIBC. Four groups were found according to tumor sizes, risk of relapse or progression, and biological behavior. Outlier patients were also detected and categorized according to their clinical characters and biological behavior.
authors: Urology Department, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Complutense University, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors: Enrique
authors: E
authors: Redondo-Gonzalez
authors: Natural Computing Laboratory (LCoN), Mackenzie Presbyterian University, 01302-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Leandro Nunes
authors: LN
authors: de Castro
authors: Urology Department, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Complutense University, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors: Jesús
authors: J
authors: Moreno-Sierra
authors: Clinical Analysis Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors: María Luisa
authors: ML
authors: Maestro de las Casas
authors: Odontology School, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors: Vicente
authors: V
authors: Vera-Gonzalez
authors: Natural Computing Laboratory (LCoN), Mackenzie Presbyterian University, 01302-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Daniel Gomes
authors: DG
authors: Ferrari
authors: Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca/BISITE Research Group, University of Salamanca, Edificio I+D+i, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
authors: Juan Manuel
authors: JM
authors: Corchado
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016208:Databases, Factual; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins