title: Dietary supplementation of GrandFusion(®) mitigates cerebral ischemia-induced neuronal damage and attenuates inflammation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dietary supplementation of fruits and vegetables has been the main stay for nutritional benefit and overall well-being. GrandFusion(®) is a nutritional supplement that contains the natural nutrients from whole fruits and vegetables that include complex nutrients and phytonutrients that contain anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, C57BL/6 mice were fed a diet supplemented with GrandFusion(®) for 2 months prior to 1 hour of ischemia induced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAo) followed by various times of reperfusion. Mice were subjected to MCAo for 1 hour and then at various times following reperfusion, animals were assessed for behavioral outcomes (open field testing, rotarod, and adhesive test removal), and infarct volumes (cresyl violet and triphenyltetrazolium chloride). In addition, to determine the potential mechanisms associated with treatment, the brain tissue was examined for changes in oxidative stress and inflammatory markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The GrandFusion(®) diet was able to show a significant protection from infarct damage in the brain and an improvement in neurological outcomes. The diet did not alter heart rate, blood pressure, pO2, pCO2, or pH. In addition, the diet mitigated inflammation by reducing microglial and astrocytic activation following ischemia and reperfusion and limiting oxidative stress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study demonstrates the neuroprotective effect of a diet rich in fruits and vegetables that contain anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory against the impact of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury.
authors: a Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC , USA.
authors: Jin
authors: J
authors: Yu
authors: a Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC , USA.
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Zhu
authors: b Department of Radiation Oncology , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC , USA.|c Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center , Charleston , SC , USA.
authors: Sebastiano
authors: S
authors: Gattoni-Celli
authors: a Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC , USA.
authors: Saeid
authors: S
authors: Taheri
authors: a Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC , USA.|c Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center , Charleston , SC , USA.
authors: Mark Stephen
authors: MS
authors: Kindy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D017628:Microglia / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011897:Random Allocation; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents
keywords: Cerebral ischemia; Diet; Inflammation; Neuroprotection; Oxidative stress