title: SOS2-LIKE PROTEIN KINASE5, an SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE3-Type Protein Kinase, Is Important for Abscisic Acid Responses in Arabidopsis through Phosphorylation of ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE5.
abstract: Abscisic acid (ABA) plays an essential role in seed germination. In this study, we demonstrate that one SNF1-related protein kinase3-type protein kinase, SOS2-like protein kinase5 (PKS5), is involved in ABA signal transduction via the phosphorylation of an interacting protein, abscisic acid-insensitive5 (ABI5). We found that pks5-3 and pks5-4, two previously identified PKS5 superactive kinase mutants with point mutations in the PKS5 FISL/NAF (a conserved peptide that is necessary for interaction with SOS3 or SOS3-like calcium binding proteins) motif and the kinase domain, respectively, are hypersensitive to ABA during seed germination. PKS5 was found to interact with ABI5 in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and this interaction was further confirmed in planta using bimolecular fluorescence complementation. Genetic studies revealed that ABI5 is epistatic to PKS5. PKS5 phosphorylates a serine (Ser) residue at position 42 in ABI5 and regulates ABA-responsive gene expression. This phosphorylation was induced by ABA in vivo and transactivated ABI5. Expression of ABI5, in which Ser-42 was mutated to alanine, could not fully rescue the ABA-insensitive phenotypes of the abi5-8 and pks5-4abi5-8 mutants. In contrast, mutating Ser-42 to aspartate rescued the ABA insensitivity of these mutants. These data demonstrate that PKS5-mediated phosphorylation of ABI5 at Ser-42 is critical for the ABA regulation of seed germination and gene expression in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).
authors: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China (X.Z., H.H., Y.B., W.Z., F.Y., M.W., J.H., H.X., A.G., H.Z., C.C., C.G.X.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Yu.Z., Y.Q., F.Z., Ya.Z., Y.Y., Y.G.); andSchool of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (K.S.S.).
authors: Xiaona
authors: X
authors: Zhou
authors: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China (X.Z., H.H., Y.B., W.Z., F.Y., M.W., J.H., H.X., A.G., H.Z., C.C., C.G.X.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Yu.Z., Y.Q., F.Z., Ya.Z., Y.Y., Y.G.); andSchool of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (K.S.S.).
authors: Hongmei
authors: H
authors: Hao
authors: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China (X.Z., H.H., Y.B., W.Z., F.Y., M.W., J.H., H.X., A.G., H.Z., C.C., C.G.X.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Yu.Z., Y.Q., F.Z., Ya.Z., Y.Y., Y.G.); andSchool of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (K.S.S.).
authors: Yuguo
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China (X.Z., H.H., Y.B., W.Z., F.Y., M.W., J.H., H.X., A.G., H.Z., C.C., C.G.X.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Yu.Z., Y.Q., F.Z., Ya.Z., Y.Y., Y.G.); andSchool of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (K.S.S.).
authors: Yili
authors: Y
authors: Bai
authors: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China (X.Z., H.H., Y.B., W.Z., F.Y., M.W., J.H., H.X., A.G., H.Z., C.C., C.G.X.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Yu.Z., Y.Q., F.Z., Ya.Z., Y.Y., Y.G.); andSchool of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (K.S.S.).
authors: Wenbo
authors: W
authors: Zhu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China (X.Z., H.H., Y.B., W.Z., F.Y., M.W., J.H., H.X., A.G., H.Z., C.C., C.G.X.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Yu.Z., Y.Q., F.Z., Ya.Z., Y.Y., Y.G.); andSchool of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (K.S.S.).
authors: Yunxia
authors: Y
authors: Qin
authors: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China (X.Z., H.H., Y.B., W.Z., F.Y., M.W., J.H., H.X., A.G., H.Z., C.C., C.G.X.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Yu.Z., Y.Q., F.Z., Ya.Z., Y.Y., Y.G.); andSchool of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (K.S.S.).
authors: Feifei
authors: F
authors: Yuan
authors: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China (X.Z., H.H., Y.B., W.Z., F.Y., M.W., J.H., H.X., A.G., H.Z., C.C., C.G.X.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Yu.Z., Y.Q., F.Z., Ya.Z., Y.Y., Y.G.); andSchool of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (K.S.S.).
authors: Feiyi
authors: F
authors: Zhao
authors: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China (X.Z., H.H., Y.B., W.Z., F.Y., M.W., J.H., H.X., A.G., H.Z., C.C., C.G.X.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Yu.Z., Y.Q., F.Z., Ya.Z., Y.Y., Y.G.); andSchool of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (K.S.S.).
authors: Mengyao
authors: M
authors: Wang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China (X.Z., H.H., Y.B., W.Z., F.Y., M.W., J.H., H.X., A.G., H.Z., C.C., C.G.X.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Yu.Z., Y.Q., F.Z., Ya.Z., Y.Y., Y.G.); andSchool of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (K.S.S.).
authors: Jingjiang
authors: J
authors: Hu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China (X.Z., H.H., Y.B., W.Z., F.Y., M.W., J.H., H.X., A.G., H.Z., C.C., C.G.X.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Yu.Z., Y.Q., F.Z., Ya.Z., Y.Y., Y.G.); andSchool of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (K.S.S.).
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Xu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China (X.Z., H.H., Y.B., W.Z., F.Y., M.W., J.H., H.X., A.G., H.Z., C.C., C.G.X.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Yu.Z., Y.Q., F.Z., Ya.Z., Y.Y., Y.G.); andSchool of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (K.S.S.).
authors: Aiguang
authors: A
authors: Guo
authors: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China (X.Z., H.H., Y.B., W.Z., F.Y., M.W., J.H., H.X., A.G., H.Z., C.C., C.G.X.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Yu.Z., Y.Q., F.Z., Ya.Z., Y.Y., Y.G.); andSchool of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (K.S.S.).
authors: Huixian
authors: H
authors: Zhao
authors: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China (X.Z., H.H., Y.B., W.Z., F.Y., M.W., J.H., H.X., A.G., H.Z., C.C., C.G.X.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Yu.Z., Y.Q., F.Z., Ya.Z., Y.Y., Y.G.); andSchool of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (K.S.S.).
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Zhao
authors: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China (X.Z., H.H., Y.B., W.Z., F.Y., M.W., J.H., H.X., A.G., H.Z., C.C., C.G.X.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Yu.Z., Y.Q., F.Z., Ya.Z., Y.Y., Y.G.); andSchool of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (K.S.S.).
authors: Cuiling
authors: C
authors: Cao
authors: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China (X.Z., H.H., Y.B., W.Z., F.Y., M.W., J.H., H.X., A.G., H.Z., C.C., C.G.X.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Yu.Z., Y.Q., F.Z., Ya.Z., Y.Y., Y.G.); andSchool of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (K.S.S.).
authors: Yongqing
authors: Y
authors: Yang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China (X.Z., H.H., Y.B., W.Z., F.Y., M.W., J.H., H.X., A.G., H.Z., C.C., C.G.X.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Yu.Z., Y.Q., F.Z., Ya.Z., Y.Y., Y.G.); andSchool of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (K.S.S.).
authors: Karen S
authors: KS
authors: Schumaker
authors: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China (X.Z., H.H., Y.B., W.Z., F.Y., M.W., J.H., H.X., A.G., H.Z., C.C., C.G.X.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Yu.Z., Y.Q., F.Z., Ya.Z., Y.Y., Y.G.); andSchool of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (K.S.S.).
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Guo
authors: State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China (X.Z., H.H., Y.B., W.Z., F.Y., M.W., J.H., H.X., A.G., H.Z., C.C., C.G.X.);State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Yu.Z., Y.Q., F.Z., Ya.Z., Y.Y., Y.G.); andSchool of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (K.S.S.) changen.xie@nwsuaf.edu.cn.
authors: Chang Gen
authors: CG
authors: Xie
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D004843:Epistasis, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D017343:Genes, Plant; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects; D008954:Models, Biological; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010768:Phosphoserine / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000040:Abscisic Acid; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D010768:Phosphoserine; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C409743:ABI5 protein, Arabidopsis; C523537:SIP4 protein, Arabidopsis