title: Diagnostics in venous thromboembolism: from origin to future prospects.
abstract: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a prevalent and life-threatening condition that requires an accurate and timely diagnosis. The current diagnostic approach to this condition, entailing an efficient integration of clinical judgment, diagnostic imaging, and laboratory testing, is the result of decades of scientific and medical research. This article aims to present and discuss the major breakthroughs that have occurred in the diagnostic imaging of both deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, along with the various biological markers that have emerged from the laboratory bench and which have only marginally migrated to the bedside. Despite decades of research, the current diagnostic armamentarium for an efficient diagnosis of VTE remains suboptimal, and some wiggle room remains for the development of more efficient diagnostic tools, which may include thrombus-targeted molecular imaging, infrared thermal imaging, thrombin generation, and proteomics.
authors: Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Academic Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Lippi
authors: Clinical Biochemistry Section, Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors: Elisa
authors: E
authors: Danese
authors: Department of Haematology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Pathology West, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
authors: Emmanuel J
authors: EJ
authors: Favaloro
authors: Clinical Biochemistry Section, Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors: Martina
authors: M
authors: Montagnana
authors: Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Carlo Poma, Mantova, Italy.
authors: Massimo
authors: M
authors: Franchini
mesh_terms: D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000266:history*; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000266:history*