title: Comparative analysis of local anesthesia with 2 different concentrations of adrenaline: a randomized and single blind study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Local anesthetic agents are more commonly used in dentistry to have painless procedure during surgical intervention in bone and soft tissue. There are many local anesthetic agents available with the wide selection of vaso-constrictive agents that improve the clinical efficacy and the duration of local anesthesia. Most commonly lignocaine with adrenaline is used in various concentrations. Systemically adrenaline like drugs can cause a number of cardiovascular disturbances while most are short lived, permanent injury or even death may follow in drug induced ventricular fibrillation, myocardial infarction or cerebro-vascular accidents. This study compared the efficacy and cardiovascular effects with the use of 2% lignocaine with two different concentrations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients underwent extractions of mandibular bilateral teeth using 2% lignocaine with two different concentrations - one with 1:80000 and the other with 1:200000.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in the efficacy and duration with the 2% lignocaine with 2 different concentrations. 2% lignocaine with 1:80000 adrenaline concentration has significantly increased the heart rate and blood pressure especially systolic compared with the lignocaine with 1:200000.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Though 2% lignocaine with 1:80000 is widely used in India, 1:200000 adrenaline concentrations do not much affect the cardiovascular parameters. So it is recommended to use 2% lignocaine with 1:200000 for cardiac patients.
authors: Professor and Head, Vice Principal, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College and Hospital, Visnagar, Gujarat, India.
authors: Anil
authors: A
authors: Managutti
authors: Reader, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Modern Dental College and Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Prakasam
authors: Reader, Department of Prosthodontics, Annasaheb Chudaman Patil Memorial Dental College, Dhule, Maharashtra, India.
authors: Nagraj
authors: N
authors: Puthanakar
authors: Reader, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College and Hospital, Visnagar, Gujarat, India.
authors: Shailesh
authors: S
authors: Menat
authors: Postgraduate Student, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College and Hospital, Visnagar, Gujarat, India.
authors: Disha
authors: D
authors: Shah
authors: Postgraduate Student, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College and Hospital, Visnagar, Gujarat, India.
authors: Harsh
authors: H
authors: Patel
keywords: Adrenaline; inferior alveolar nerve block; lignocaine (2%); local anesthesia