title: Initiatives to Enhance Primary Care Delivery: Two Examples from the Field.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increasing demands on primary care providers have created a need for systems-level initiatives to improve primary care delivery. The purpose of this paper is to describe and present outcomes for two such initiatives: the Pennsylvania Academy of Family Physicians' Residency Program Collaborative (RPC) and the St. Johnsbury Vermont Community Health Team (CHT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Researchers conducted case studies of the initiatives using mixed methods, including: secondary analysis of program and electronic health record data, systematic document review and interviews.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RPC is a learning collaborative that teaches quality improvement and patient-centeredness to primary care providers, residents, clinical support staff, and administrative staff in residency programs. Results show that participation in a higher number of live learning sessions resulted in a significant increase in patient centered medical home recognition attainment and significant improvements in performance in diabetic process measures including eye exams (14.3%, p=0.004), eye referrals (13.82%, p=0.013), foot exams (15.73%, p=0.003), smoking cessation (15.83%, p=0.012), and self-management goals (25.45%, p=0.001). As a community-clinical linkages model, CHT involves primary care practices, community health workers (CHWs), and community partners. Results suggest that CHT members successfully work together to coordinate comprehensive care for the individuals they serve. Further, individuals exposed to CHWs experienced increased stability in access to health insurance (p=0.001) and prescription drugs (p=0.000), and the need for health education counseling (p=0.000).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings from this study indicate that these two system-level strategies have the promise to improve primary care delivery. Additional research can determine the extent to which these strategies can improve other health outcomes.
authors: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention.
authors: Jan L
authors: JL
authors: Losby
authors: ICF International.
authors: Marnie J
authors: MJ
authors: House
authors: ICF International.
authors: Thearis
authors: T
authors: Osuji
authors: ICF International.
authors: Sarah Abood
authors: SA
authors: O'Dell
authors: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention.
authors: Alberta M
authors: AM
authors: Mirambeau
authors: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Preventio.
authors: Joanna
authors: J
authors: Elmi
authors: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Preventio.
authors: Eileen
authors: E
authors: Chappelle
authors: ICF International.
authors: Dara F
authors: DF
authors: Schlueter
keywords: case study; community health workers; medical residents; primary care; program evaluation; quality improvement