title: Pediatric loss of control eating syndrome: Association with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and impulsivity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite data linking Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and adult binge eating, there are limited data in children with loss of control (LOC) eating. We examined inhibitory control in children with LOC eating syndrome (LOC-ES) and its association with ADHD.
  
  
  METHODS
  79 children (8-14 years) over the fifth weight percentile were recruited, irrespective of LOC eating or ADHD status. The Eating Disorder Examination for Children and the Standard Pediatric Eating Episode Interview assessed LOC-ES. ADHD diagnosis was determined by the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for children and Conners-3 (Parent Report) DSM-IV Scales of Inattention and/or Hyperactivity (T score > 65). The Go/No-Go (GNG) Task and the Behavior Regulation Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) assessed impulse control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Odds of LOC-ES were increased 12 times for children with ADHD (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 12.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.11, 51.64, p < 0.001), after adjusting for BMI z scores and relevant covariates. Children had 1.17 times higher odds of reporting LOC-ES with every 5% increase in GNG Commission Rate (aOR = 1.17, CI = 1.01, 1.36, p < 0.05) and 1.25 times higher odds of reporting LOC-ES with every 5 unit T-score increase in BRIEF Inhibit Scale (aOR = 1.25, CI = 1.04, 1.50, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with ADHD had significantly greater odds of LOC-ES compared to children without ADHD. Children with LOC-ES had significantly greater impulse control deficits on performance-based neuropsychological assessments and on parent reports than children without LOC-ES. These findings suggest a need to investigate possible shared mechanisms such as impulse control deficits, among children with LOC-ES and ADHD.
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.|Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors: Shauna P
authors: SP
authors: Reinblatt
authors: Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.|Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors: E Mark
authors: EM
authors: Mahone
authors: Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors: Marian
authors: M
authors: Tanofsky-Kraff
authors: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors: Angela E
authors: AE
authors: Lee-Winn
authors: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors: Gayane
authors: G
authors: Yenokyan
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.|Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors: Jeannie-Marie S
authors: JM
authors: Leoutsakos
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors: Timothy H
authors: TH
authors: Moran
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors: Angela S
authors: AS
authors: Guarda
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.|Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.|Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors: Mark A
authors: MA
authors: Riddle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001288:Attention; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D056912:Binge-Eating Disorder / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology
keywords: attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder; binge eating; eating disorder; impulsivity; obesity