title: Quantitative Determination of α-Arbutin, β-Arbutin, Kojic Acid, Nicotinamide, Hydroquinone, Resorcinol, 4-Methoxyphenol, 4-Ethoxyphenol, and Ascorbic Acid from Skin Whitening Products by HPLC-UV.
abstract: An HPLC-UV method was developed for the quantitative analysis of nine skin whitening agents in a single injection. These compounds are α-arbutin, β-arbutin, kojic acid, nicotinamide, resorcinol, ascorbic acid, hydroquinone, 4-methoxyphenol, and 4-ethoxyphenol. The separation was achieved on a reversed-phase C18 column within 30 min. The mobile phase was composed of water and methanol, both containing 0.1% acetic acid (v/v). The stability of the analytes was evaluated at different pH values between 2.3 and 7.6, and the extraction procedure was validated for different types of skin whitening product matrixes, which included two creams, a soap bar, and a capsule. The best solvent system for sample preparation was 20 mM NaH2PO4 containing 10% methanol at pH 2.3. The analytical method was validated for accuracy, precision, LOD, and LOQ. The developed HPLC-UV method was applied for the quantitation of the nine analytes in 59 skin whitening products including creams, lotions, sera, foams, gels, mask sheets, soap bars, tablets, and capsules.
authors: National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
authors: Yan-Hong
authors: YH
authors: Wang
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Avonto
authors: Bharathi
authors: B
authors: Avula
authors: Mei
authors: M
authors: Wang
authors: Diego
authors: D
authors: Rua
authors: Ikhlas A
authors: IA
authors: Khan
mesh_terms: D000840:Anisoles / Q000737:chemistry; D001104:Arbutin / Q000737:chemistry; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D006873:Hydroquinones / Q000737:chemistry; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000737:chemistry; D011753:Pyrones / Q000737:chemistry; D012118:Resorcinols / Q000737:chemistry; D062327:Skin Lightening Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D000840:Anisoles; D006873:Hydroquinones; D011753:Pyrones; D012118:Resorcinols; D062327:Skin Lightening Preparations; D009536:Niacinamide; C009760:mequinol; C011890:kojic acid; D001104:Arbutin; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; C031927:hydroquinone; C031389:resorcinol