title: Electron kinetics inferred from observations of microwave bursts during edge localized modes in the mega-amp spherical tokamak.
abstract: Recent measurements of microwave and x-ray emission during edge localized mode (ELM) activity in tokamak plasmas provide a fresh perspective on ELM physics. It is evident that electron kinetics, which are not incorporated in standard (fluid) models for the instability that drives ELMs, play a key role in the new observations. These effects should be included in future models for ELMs and the ELM cycle. The observed radiative effects paradoxically imply acceleration of electrons parallel to the magnetic field combined with rapid acquisition of perpendicular momentum. It is shown that this paradox can be resolved by the action of the anomalous Doppler instability which enables fast collective radiative relaxation, in the perpendicular direction, of electrons accelerated in the parallel direction by inductive electric fields generated by the initial ELM instability.
authors: CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom.
authors: S J
authors: SJ
authors: Freethy
authors: CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom.
authors: K G
authors: KG
authors: McClements
authors: Centre for Fusion, Space and Astrophysics, Warwick University, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.|Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
authors: S C
authors: SC
authors: Chapman
authors: CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom.|Centre for Fusion, Space and Astrophysics, Warwick University, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
authors: R O
authors: RO
authors: Dendy
authors: Centre for Fusion, Space and Astrophysics, Warwick University, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
authors: W N
authors: WN
authors: Lai
authors: CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom.
authors: S J P
authors: SJ
authors: Pamela
authors: CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom.
authors: V F
authors: VF
authors: Shevchenko
authors: York Plasma Institute, University of York, York YO10 5DQ, United Kingdom.
authors: R G L
authors: RG
authors: Vann