title: [Nutritional composition of infant milk formulas. Level of compliance in their manufacture and adequacy of nutritional needs].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A high percentage of infants are fed with infant formulas. The aim of this study was to assess compliance with the Technical and Safety Regulations in the manufacture of Spanish infant formulas, analyse their adequacy to the recommendations of nutritional composition and the Dietary References Intakes for infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 31 infant formulas were analysed, of which 18 were infant formulas, 10 follow-on formulas, and 3 growing-up milks. The European Technical and Safety Regulations, the Spanish Dietary Reference Intakes and the Institute of Medicine of the United States and Canada, were used for the assessment of compliance and adequacy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The energy and macronutrient content of analysed infant formulas is placed in the middle of the range indicated in the Technical and Safety Regulations, and meets the recommended amounts. However, most micronutrients such as phosphorus, calcium, retinol, vitamin D, E, C, B6, B12, thiamin, riboflavin, and folate are at the lower limit of the Technical and Safety Regulations. However, the recommended consumption of infant formulas exceeded the Dietary References Intakes for vitamin E, C, retinol, vitamin B and folate, and vitamin B12 for follow-on formulas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infant formulas are within the reference values of the European Technical and Safety Regulations in energy and macronutrients, but we believe that the level of micronutrients should be reviewed, based on current scientific data on infant requirements and possible adverse effects.
authors: Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Mental (NUTRISAM), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, España.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Jardí Piñana
authors: Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Mental (NUTRISAM), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, España.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Aranda Pons
authors: Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Mental (NUTRISAM), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, España.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Bedmar Carretero
authors: Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Mental (NUTRISAM), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, España. Electronic address: victoria.arija@urv.cat.
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Arija Val
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D041943:Infant Formula / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000592:standards*; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D008892:Milk; D009753:Nutritive Value; D013030:Spain; D014807:Vitamin D; D014815:Vitamins
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D
keywords: Breast milk; Cow milk; Dietary intakes; Fórmulas infantiles; Infant formulas; Ingestas dietéticas; Leche de vaca; Leche materna; Macronutrientes; Macronutrients; Micronutrientes; Micronutrients; Reference values; Valores de referencia