title: Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles: Toward Cell-free Therapeutic Applications.
abstract: Mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with the ability to differentiate into several cell types, thus serving as a cell reservoir for regenerative medicine. Much of the current interest in therapeutic application of MSCs to various disease settings can be linked to their immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties. One of the key mechanisms of MSC anti-inflammatory effects is the secretion of soluble factors with paracrine actions. Recently it has emerged that the paracrine functions of MSCs could, at least in part, be mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are predominantly released from the endosomal compartment and contain a cargo that includes miRNA, mRNA, and proteins from their cells of origin. Recent animal model-based studies suggest that EVs have significant potential as a novel alternative to whole cell therapies. Compared to their parent cells, EVs may have a superior safety profile and can be safely stored without losing function. In this article, we review current knowledge related to the potential use of MSC-derived EVs in various diseases and discuss the promising future for EVs as an alternative, cell-free therapy.
authors: Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland. Electronic address: sweta.rani@nuigalway.ie.
authors: Sweta
authors: S
authors: Rani
authors: Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
authors: Aideen E
authors: AE
authors: Ryan
authors: Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
authors: Matthew D
authors: MD
authors: Griffin
authors: Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Ritter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055252:Cell-Derived Microparticles / Q000378:metabolism; D055354:Exosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D000067128:Extracellular Vesicles / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D019899:Paracrine Communication; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical