title: Time to prerandomization monthly seizure count in perampanel trials: A novel epilepsy endpoint.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether a novel endpoint of time to prerandomization monthly seizure count could be used to differentiate efficacious and nonefficacious therapies in clinical trials of new add-on antiepileptic drugs (AEDs).
  
  
  METHODS
  This analysis used data from 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trials of perampanel as an add-on therapy in patients with epilepsy who were experiencing refractory partial seizures: studies 304 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00699972), 305 (NCT00699582), and 306 (NCT00700310). Time to prerandomization monthly seizure count was evaluated post hoc for each trial, and findings were compared with the original primary outcomes (median percent change in seizure frequency and 50% responder rate). Outcomes were assessed for all partial-onset seizures, secondarily generalized (SG) tonic-clonic seizures only, and complex partial plus SG (CP + SG) seizures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Perampanel 4-12 mg significantly prolonged median time to prerandomization monthly seizure count, generally by more than 1 week, compared with placebo, across all 3 studies, consistent with the original primary outcomes. Analysis of SG seizures only, and CP + SG seizures, also indicated a significantly prolonged median time to prerandomization monthly seizure count with perampanel 8 mg and 12 mg compared with placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Time to prerandomization monthly seizure count is a promising novel alternative to the standard endpoints of median percent change in seizure frequency and 50% responder rates used in trials of add-on AEDs. Use of this endpoint could reduce exposure to placebo or ineffective treatments, thereby facilitating trial recruitment and improving safety.
authors: From the NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (J.A.F.), New York; Hospital Ruber Internacional (A.G.-N.), Madrid, Spain; Mount Sinai Hospital (S.M., E.B.), New York; and the Eisai Neuroscience Product Creation Unit (L.K., D.K.), Woodcliff Lake, NJ. jacqueline.french@nyumc.org.
authors: Jacqueline A
authors: JA
authors: French
authors: From the NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (J.A.F.), New York; Hospital Ruber Internacional (A.G.-N.), Madrid, Spain; Mount Sinai Hospital (S.M., E.B.), New York; and the Eisai Neuroscience Product Creation Unit (L.K., D.K.), Woodcliff Lake, NJ.
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Gil-Nagel
authors: From the NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (J.A.F.), New York; Hospital Ruber Internacional (A.G.-N.), Madrid, Spain; Mount Sinai Hospital (S.M., E.B.), New York; and the Eisai Neuroscience Product Creation Unit (L.K., D.K.), Woodcliff Lake, NJ.
authors: Stefano
authors: S
authors: Malerba
authors: From the NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (J.A.F.), New York; Hospital Ruber Internacional (A.G.-N.), Madrid, Spain; Mount Sinai Hospital (S.M., E.B.), New York; and the Eisai Neuroscience Product Creation Unit (L.K., D.K.), Woodcliff Lake, NJ.
authors: Lynn
authors: L
authors: Kramer
authors: From the NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (J.A.F.), New York; Hospital Ruber Internacional (A.G.-N.), Madrid, Spain; Mount Sinai Hospital (S.M., E.B.), New York; and the Eisai Neuroscience Product Creation Unit (L.K., D.K.), Woodcliff Lake, NJ.
authors: Dinesh
authors: D
authors: Kumar
authors: From the NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (J.A.F.), New York; Hospital Ruber Internacional (A.G.-N.), Madrid, Spain; Mount Sinai Hospital (S.M., E.B.), New York; and the Eisai Neuroscience Product Creation Unit (L.K., D.K.), Woodcliff Lake, NJ.
authors: Emilia
authors: E
authors: Bagiella
mesh_terms: D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D009570:Nitriles; D011728:Pyridones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012640:Seizures / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D009570:Nitriles; D011728:Pyridones; C551441:perampanel