title: [Charles Bonnet syndrome. A 45-case series].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS) is a condition characterised by the presence of visual hallucinations, mainly complex, in patients with significant vision loss and without cognitive impairment. The rise in CBS cases is due to an increased life expectancy and to the development of age-related pathologies such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We herein analyse the main characteristics present in 45 patients diagnosed with CBS at the Neuro-ophthalmology Unit in Hospital Clinico San Carlos. The patients were referred from the macular pathology, glaucoma and ocular surface units, as well as from AE, where they were diagnosed with CBS and later confirmed at the Multidisciplinary Unit formed by the ophthalmology, neurology and psychiatry services of the hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women (66.66%) over 80 constituted 68.88% of the patients and mainly had AMD (37.77%). The most prevalent hallucinations described by the patients were of people and faces (35.55%), in colour (66.66%), in movement (80%), had developed over a period of 6 to 12 months (26.66%), had a frequency of 3 episodes per day (35.55%) and lasted between 3 to 5 minutes (35.55%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CBS is a complex disorder that requires a multidisciplinary approach from neurologists, psychiatrists, general practitioners and ophthalmologists. New studies are needed in order to understand its clinical presentation and behaviour, and thus improve its management.
authors: Hospital Clinico San Carlos, 28035 Madrid, Espana.
authors: Enrique
authors: E
authors: Santos-Bueso
authors: Mercedes
authors: M
authors: Serrador-García
authors: Jesús
authors: J
authors: Porta-Etessam
authors: Octavio
authors: O
authors: Rodríguez-Gómez
authors: José M
authors: JM
authors: Martínez-de-la-Casa
authors: Julián
authors: J
authors: García-Feijoo
authors: Julián
authors: J
authors: García-Sánchez
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015897:Comorbidity; D003624:Darkness; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000150:complications; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D010348:Patient Care Team; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D014792:Visual Acuity