title: Loneliness and the social monitoring system: Emotion recognition and eye gaze in a real-life conversation.
abstract: Based on the belongingness regulation theory (Gardner et al., 2005, Pers. Soc. Psychol. Bull., 31, 1549), this study focuses on the relationship between loneliness and social monitoring. Specifically, we examined whether loneliness relates to performance on three emotion recognition tasks and whether lonely individuals show increased gazing towards their conversation partner's faces in a real-life conversation. Study 1 examined 170 college students (Mage = 19.26; SD = 1.21) who completed an emotion recognition task with dynamic stimuli (morph task) and a micro(-emotion) expression recognition task. Study 2 examined 130 college students (Mage = 19.33; SD = 2.00) who completed the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test and who had a conversation with an unfamiliar peer while their gaze direction was videotaped. In both studies, loneliness was measured using the UCLA Loneliness Scale version 3 (Russell, 1996, J. Pers. Assess., 66, 20). The results showed that loneliness was unrelated to emotion recognition on all emotion recognition tasks, but that it was related to increased gaze towards their conversation partner's faces. Implications for the belongingness regulation system of lonely individuals are discussed.
authors: Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors: Gerine M A
authors: GM
authors: Lodder
authors: Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors: Ron H J
authors: RH
authors: Scholte
authors: Research Group School Psychology and Child and Adolescent Development, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Luc
authors: L
authors: Goossens
authors: Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors: Rutger C M E
authors: RC
authors: Engels
authors: Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors: Maaike
authors: M
authors: Verhagen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008132:Loneliness; D011930:Reaction Time; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: emotion recognition; interaction; loneliness; need to belong; social