title: Host-defense and trefoil factor family peptides in skin secretions of the Mawa clawed frog Xenopus boumbaensis (Pipidae).
abstract: Peptidomic analysis of norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions from the octoploid Mawa clawed frog Xenopus boumbaensis Loumont, 1983 led to the identification and characterization of 15 host-defense peptides belonging to the magainin (two peptides), peptide glycine-leucine-amide (PGLa; three peptides), xenopsin precursor fragment (XPF; three peptides), caerulein precursor fragment (CPF; two peptides), and caerulein precursor fragment-related peptide (CPF-RP; five peptides) families. In addition, caerulein and three peptides with structural similarity to the trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides, xP2 and xP4 from Xenopus laevis were also present in the secretions. Consistent with data from comparisons of the nucleotides sequence of mitochondrial and nuclear genes, the primary structures of the peptides suggest a close phylogenetic relationship between X. boumbaensis and the octoploid frogs Xenopus amieti and Xenopus andrei. As the three species occupy disjunct ranges within Cameroon, it is suggested that they diverged from a common ancestor by allopatric speciation.
authors: SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, 17666 Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. Electronic address: m.conlon@ulster.ac.uk.
authors: J Michael
authors: JM
authors: Conlon
authors: Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, 17666 Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
authors: Milena
authors: M
authors: Mechkarska
authors: Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
authors: Jolanta
authors: J
authors: Kolodziejek
authors: INSERM U-982, PRIMACEN, CNRS, IRIB, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
authors: Jérôme
authors: J
authors: Leprince
authors: PISSARO, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB) CNRS UMR 6270, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
authors: Laurent
authors: L
authors: Coquet
authors: PISSARO, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB) CNRS UMR 6270, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
authors: Thierry
authors: T
authors: Jouenne
authors: INSERM U-982, PRIMACEN, CNRS, IRIB, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
authors: Hubert
authors: H
authors: Vaudry
authors: Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
authors: Norbert
authors: N
authors: Nowotny
authors: Rare Species Conservatory Foundation, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors: Jay D
authors: JD
authors: King
mesh_terms: D029845:Amphibian Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071164:Trefoil Factor-2; D014981:Xenopus
chemical_list: D029845:Amphibian Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D000071164:Trefoil Factor-2
keywords: Frog skin; Host-defense; Pipidae; Polyploidy; Trefoil factor family; Xenopus