title: Profile analyses of the Personality Assessment Inventory following military-related traumatic brain injury.
abstract: Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) profiles were examined in 160 U.S. service members (SMs) following mild-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Participants who sustained a mild TBI had significantly higher PAI scores than those with moderate-severe TBI on eight of the nine clinical scales examined. A two-step cluster analysis identified four PAI profiles, heuristically labeled "High Distress", "Moderate Distress", "Somatic Distress," and "No Distress". Postconcussive and posttraumatic stress symptom severity was highest for the High Distress group, followed by the Somatic and Moderate Distress groups, and the No Distress group. Profile groups differed in age, ethnicity, rank, and TBI severity. Findings indicate that meaningful patterns of behavioral and personality characteristics can be detected in active duty military SMs following TBI, which may prove useful in selecting the most efficacious rehabilitation strategies.
authors: Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, San Antonio Military Medical Center, Ft Sam Houston, TX, USA jan.e.kennedy2.ctr@mail.mil.
authors: Jan E
authors: JE
authors: Kennedy
authors: Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, San Antonio Military Medical Center, Ft Sam Houston, TX, USA.
authors: Douglas B
authors: DB
authors: Cooper
authors: Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, San Antonio Military Medical Center, Ft Sam Houston, TX, USA.
authors: Matthew W
authors: MW
authors: Reid
authors: Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, San Antonio Military Medical Center, Ft Sam Houston, TX, USA.
authors: David F
authors: DF
authors: Tate
authors: Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors: Rael T
authors: RT
authors: Lange
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010551:Personality; D010552:Personality Assessment; D057566:Self Report; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cluster analysis; Military; Personality assessment inventory; Postconcussion; Traumatic brain injury