title: Low prevalence of the transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance among newly diagnosed HIV-1 individuals in Jiangsu Province, China during 2009-2011.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prevalence of The transmitted HIV drug resistance (THDR) has been reported in many countries. In China, the low level THDR was found in only a few provinces. To know the transmitted HIV drug resistance in east of China, we investigated THDR during 2009-2011 in Jiangsu province of China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January and August of 2009, 2010, and 2011, we consecutively collected 50, 54, 53 blood specimens respectively from qualified individuals at surveillance sentinel sites in Jiangsu province according to protocol of HIV Drug Resistance Threshold Survey (HIVDR-TS) recommended by WHO. The region of pol gene including protease and partial retro-transcriptase was amplified, sequenced and edited. Then the sequences were submitted to HIV drug resistance database to analysis transmitted HIV drug resistance mutations using Calibrated Population Resistance tool. The reference sequences of different HIV-1 subtypes were downloaded from HIV database and Genebank. The phylogenetic trees were inferred using the neighbor-joining method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results show that THDR has been at low level from 2009 to 2011, only K101E and V179D mutation was detected which did not belong to the major HIV-1 drug resistance mutations. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CRF01_AE is the predominant subtype, and followed by CRF07_BC and B subtype. Subtype B consists of the two distinct clusters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The low level of THDR suggests that anti-retroviral treatment was implemented more effectively and THDR surveillance should be conducted two years later in Jiangsu province of China. CRF01_AE has become the predominant subtype and dual infection of HIV may be common in Jiangsu province.
authors: Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, 210009, China. hongxiongguo@gmail.com.
authors: Hongxiong
authors: H
authors: Guo
authors: Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, 210009, China. xqxu18@sina.com.
authors: Xiaoqin
authors: X
authors: Xu
authors: Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, 210009, China. Huhaiyang@jscdc.cn.
authors: Haiyang
authors: H
authors: Hu
authors: Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, 210009, China. vera_46@sina.com.
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Zhou
authors: Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, 210009, China. yht@jscdc.cn.
authors: Haitao
authors: H
authors: Yang
authors: Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, 210009, China. 156724422@qq.com.
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Qiu
authors: Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, 210009, China. fugf@jscdc.cn.
authors: Gengfeng
authors: G
authors: Fu
authors: Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, 210009, China. huanxp@vip.sina.com.
authors: Xiping
authors: X
authors: Huan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D015995:Prevalence; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D054302:pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D054302:pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus