title: In-process microbial testing: statistical properties of a rapid alternative to compendial enumeration methods.
abstract: In-process tests are used between manufacturing steps to avoid the cost of further processing material that is apt to fail its final tests. Rapid microbiological methods that return simple negative or positive results are attractive in this context because they are faster than the compendial methods used at product release. However, using a single such test will not reliably detect barely unacceptable material (sensitivity) without generating an undesirable number of false rejections (poor specificity). We quantify how to achieve a balance between the risks of false acceptance and false rejection by performing multiple rapid microbiological methods and applying an acceptance rule. We show how the end user can use a simple (and novel) graph to choose a sample size, the number of samples, and an acceptance rule that yield a good balance between the two risks while taking cost (number of tests) into account.
  
  
  
  In-process tests are used between manufacturing steps to avoid the cost of further processing material that is apt to fail its final tests. Rapid microbiological methods that return simple negative or positive results are attractive in this context because they are faster than the compendial methods used at product release. However, using a single such test will not reliably detect barely unacceptable material (sensitivity) without generating an undesirable number of false rejections (poor specificity). We quantify how to achieve a balance between the risks of false acceptance and false rejection by performing multiple rapid microbiological methods and applying an acceptance rule. We show how the end user can use a simple (and novel) graph to choose a sample size, the number of samples, and an acceptance rule that yield a good balance between the two risks while taking cost (number of tests) into account.
authors: MannKind Corporation, One Casper Street, Danbury, CT efriedman@mannkindcorp.com.
authors: Emil M
authors: EM
authors: Friedman
authors: MannKind Corporation, One Casper Street, Danbury, CT.
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Warner
authors: MannKind Corporation, One Casper Street, Danbury, CT.
authors: Sam C
authors: SC
authors: Shum
authors: MannKind Corporation, One Casper Street, Danbury, CT.
authors: Fred
authors: F
authors: Adair
mesh_terms: D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004340:Drug Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004345:Drug Industry; D008828:Microbiological Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D015233:Models, Statistical; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018401:Sample Size; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations
keywords: Alternative microbial method; Binomial distribution; Colony-forming units (CFU); False alarm rate; Most probable number (MPN); Operating Characteristic (OC) curve; Poisson distribution; Rapid microbiological method (RMM); Sensitivity; Specificity