title: Metabolite profiling of barley grain subjected to induced drought stress: responses of free amino acids in differently adapted cultivars.
abstract: To investigate cultivar-specific metabolite changes upon drought stress in barley grain, differently adapted cultivars were field-grown under drought conditions using a rain-out shelter and under normal weather conditions (2010-2012). The grain was subjected to a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolite profiling approach allowing the analyses of a broad spectrum of lipophilic and hydrophilic low molecular weight constituents. Multi- and univariate analyses demonstrated that there are grain metabolites which were significantly changed upon drought stress, either decreased or increased in all cultivars. On the other hand, for proteinogenic free amino acids increased concentrations were consistently observed in all seasons only in cultivars for which no drought resistance/tolerance had been described. Consistent decreases were seen only in the group of stress tolerant/resistant cultivars. These cultivar-specific correlations were particularly pronounced for branched-chain amino acids. The results indicate that free amino acids may serve as potential markers for cultivars differently adapted to drought stress.
authors: †Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Lebensmitteltechnologie, Technische Universität München, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, D-85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
authors: Alexandra
authors: A
authors: Lanzinger
authors: †Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Lebensmitteltechnologie, Technische Universität München, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, D-85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Frank
authors: §Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture (LfL), Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Am Gereuth 8, D-85354 Freising, Germany.
authors: Gabriela
authors: G
authors: Reichenberger
authors: §Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture (LfL), Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Am Gereuth 8, D-85354 Freising, Germany.
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Herz
authors: †Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Lebensmitteltechnologie, Technische Universität München, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, D-85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
authors: Karl-Heinz
authors: KH
authors: Engel
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D055864:Droughts; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D001467:Hordeum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D014867:Water
keywords: Hordeum vulgare L.; barley grain; drought stress; free amino acids; metabolite profiling