title: A facile one-step electrochemical strategy of doping iron, nitrogen, and fluorine into titania nanotube arrays with enhanced visible light photoactivity.
abstract: Highly ordered iron, nitrogen, and fluorine tri-doped TiO2 (Fe, (N, F)-TiO2) nanotube arrays were successfully synthesized by a facile one-step electrochemical method in an NH4F electrolyte containing Fe ions. The morphology, structure, composition, and photoelectrochemical property of the as-prepared nanotube arrays were characterized by various methods. The photoactivities of the samples were evaluated by the degradation of phenol in an aqueous solution under visible light. Tri-doped TiO2 showed higher photoactivities than undoped TiO2 under visible light. The optimum Fe(3+) doping amount at 0.005M exhibited the highest photoactivity and exceeded that of undoped TiO2 by a factor of 20 times under visible light. The formation of N 2p level near the valence band (VB) contributed to visible light absorption. Doping fluorine and appropriate Fe(3+) ions reduced the photogenerated electrons-holes recombination rate and enhanced visible light photoactivity. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results indicated the presence of synergistic effects in Fe, N, and F tri-doped TiO2, which enhanced visible light photoactivity. The Fe, (N, F)-TiO2 photocatalyst exhibited high stability.
authors: Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
authors: Zulin
authors: Z
authors: Hua
authors: Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
authors: Zhangyan
authors: Z
authors: Dai
authors: Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China. Electronic address: baixue10@tsinghua.org.cn.
authors: Xue
authors: X
authors: Bai
authors: Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors: Zhengfang
authors: Z
authors: Ye
authors: Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
authors: Haixin
authors: H
authors: Gu
authors: Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
authors: Xin
authors: X
authors: Huang
mesh_terms: D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D005461:Fluorine / Q000737:chemistry*; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D008027:Light; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry*; D019800:Phenol / Q000737:chemistry; D010782:Photolysis; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C009495:titanium dioxide; D005461:Fluorine; D019800:Phenol; D014025:Titanium; D007501:Iron; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Iron, nitrogen, and fluorine tri-doping; Synergistic effect; TiO(2) nanotube array; Visible light photoactivity