title: Management of chronic spontaneous urticaria in the elderly.
abstract: The guidelines for the management of urticaria in adults and children have been revised and updated recently. However, there are few data in the literature concerning several aspects of this disease in the elderly (e.g., epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical aspects, association with co-morbidities, efficacy and safety profiles of treatments, and management strategies). This is an obvious deficiency in the data, as this disease causes a deterioration in quality of life, affecting the quality of sleep, everyday life habits and activities, and inducing severe disability. Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) can also be associated with internal, infectious, autoimmune, or neoplastic diseases. It is therefore necessary to pay particular attention to these clinical issues through appropriate clinical examinations. At the same time, the specific features of medications used to treat CSU in the elderly should be carefully evaluated, as its pharmacological treatment raises a number of problems related both to the clinical condition of the patient and to concomitant diseases, as well as to the polypharmacotherapy, which is common in older subjects and may cause safety problems because of the drug interactions. Non-sedating new-generation antihistamines are the mainstay treatment of CSU for the elderly. The efficacy and safety of alternative treatment options have not been assessed in the geriatric population with CSU; corticosteroids and cyclosporine (ciclosporin) should be used by this population with extreme caution. Similarly, there are no data regarding the actual safety profile of the new-generation antihistamines at higher doses than those recommended in elderly patients.
authors: Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari, Medical School, Policlinico, Unit of Geriatric Immunoallergology, Policlinico, piazza G. Cesare, 70124, Bari, Italy, Mariateresa.ventura@uniba.it.
authors: Maria Teresa
authors: MT
authors: Ventura
authors: Nicoletta
authors: N
authors: Cassano
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Romita
authors: Michelangelo
authors: M
authors: Vestita
authors: Caterina
authors: C
authors: Foti
authors: Gino Antonio
authors: GA
authors: Vena
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006633:Histamine Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D039563:Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D011788:Quality of Life; D014581:Urticaria / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D006633:Histamine Antagonists; D039563:Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating; D016572:Cyclosporine