title: Oil droplet ingestion and oil fouling in the copepod Calanus finmarchicus exposed to mechanically and chemically dispersed crude oil.
abstract: The rates of ingestion of oil microdroplets and oil fouling were investigated in the zooplankton filter-feeder Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1770) at 3 concentrations of oil dispersions ranging from 0.25 mg/L to 5.6 mg/L. To compare responses to mechanically and chemically dispersed oil, the copepods were exposed to comparable dispersions of micron-sized oil droplets made with and without the use of a chemical dispersant (similar oil droplet size range and oil concentrations) together with a constant supply of microalgae for a period of 4 d. The filtration rates as well as accumulation of oil droplets decreased with increasing exposure concentration. Thus the estimated total amount of oil associated with the copepod biomass for the 2 lowest exposures in the range 11 mL/kg to 17 mL/kg was significantly higher than the approximately 6 mL/kg found in the highest exposure. For the 2 lowest concentrations the filtration rates were significantly higher in the presence of chemical dispersant. Furthermore, a significant increase in the amount of accumulated oil in the presence of dispersant was observed in the low exposure group.
authors: SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Environmental Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors: Trond
authors: T
authors: Nordtug
authors: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors: Anders J
authors: AJ
authors: Olsen
authors: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors: Iurgi
authors: I
authors: Salaberria
authors: SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Environmental Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors: Ida B
authors: IB
authors: Øverjordet
authors: BioTrix, Trondheim, Norway.
authors: Dag
authors: D
authors: Altin
authors: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors: Ingvild F
authors: IF
authors: Størdal
authors: SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Environmental Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors: Bjørn Henrik
authors: BH
authors: Hansen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D033342:Copepoda / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D010578:Petroleum / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D059392:Petroleum Pollution; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D010578:Petroleum; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Calanus finmarchicus; Chemical dispersant; Copepods; Dispersed oil; Oil droplet filtering