title: Late postpartum hemorrhage due to placental and fetal membrane residuals: experience of two cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the cause and preventative measures of late postpartum hemorrhage resulted from placental and fetal membrane residuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis on 161 cases of late postpartum hemorrhage resulting from residuals of placenta and fetal membrane from 2002 to 2012.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 161 cases, there were 148 cases of vaginal delivery and 13 cases of cesarean section delivery. One hundred twenty-one cases (4.77%) of placental and fetal membrane residuals were present in 2,535 cases of pregnant women with history of abortion; 40 cases (2.01%) of placental and fetal membrane residuals were found in 1,989 cases of pregnant women without history of abortion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Placental and fetal membrane residuals are the major cause of late postpartum hemorrhage. Repeated abortion will increase the incidence of late postpartum hemorrhage resulting from placental and fetal membrane residuals.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Luo
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Mao
mesh_terms: D000028:Abortion, Induced / Q000009:adverse effects; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001810:Blood Volume; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects; D002681:China; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004107:Dilatation and Curettage / Q000379:methods; D005321:Extraembryonic Membranes / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006488:Hemostasis, Surgical / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010920:Placenta / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006473:Postpartum Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents