title: The effects of narrow and elevated path walking on aperture crossing.
abstract: The study investigated the impact that action capabilities have on identifying possibilities for action, particularly how postural threat influences the passability of apertures. To do this, the ability to maintain balance was challenged by manipulating the level of postural threat while walking. First, participants walked along a 7m path and passed through two vertical obstacles spaced 1.1-1.5×the shoulder width apart during normal walking. Next, postural threat was manipulated by having participants complete the task either walking on a narrow, ground level path or on an elevated/narrow path. Despite a decrease in walking speed as well as an increase in trunk sway in both the narrow and elevated/narrow walking conditions, the passability of apertures was only affected when the consequence of instability was greatest. In the elevated/narrow walking condition, individuals maintained a larger critical point (rotated their shoulders for larger aperture widths) compared to normal walking. However, this effect was not observed for the narrow path walking suggesting that the level of postural threat was not enough to impose similar changes to the critical point. Therefore, it appears that manipulating action capabilities by increasing postural threat does indeed influence aperture crossing behavior, however the consequence associated with instability must be high before both gait characteristics and the critical point are affected.
authors: Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada. Electronic address: ahackney@uwaterloo.ca.
authors: Amy L
authors: AL
authors: Hackney
authors: Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, ON, Canada.
authors: Michael E
authors: ME
authors: Cinelli
authors: Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada.
authors: Luke T
authors: LT
authors: Denomme
authors: Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada.
authors: James S
authors: JS
authors: Frank
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D008124:Locomotion; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D004856:Postural Balance; D011187:Posture; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D016138:Walking; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Action capabilities; Affordances; Aperture crossing; Human locomotion; Postural threat