title: Maternal low-protein diet causes body weight loss in male, neonate Sprague-Dawley rats involving UCP-1-mediated thermogenesis.
abstract: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in regulating body weight (BW) by modifying thermogenesis. Maternal low protein (LP) diets reduce offspring birth weight. Increased BAT thermogenesis in utero may be one mechanism for the lower BW. However, whether maternal LP nutrition alters BAT thermogenesis and BW of offspring in utero is not yet known. We fed obese-prone Sprague-Dawley dams 8% LP or 20% normal protein (NP) diets for 3 weeks prior to breeding and through pregnancy. BW and gene expression of interscapular BAT (iBAT) thermogenic markers were measured in male fetal (gestation day 18) and neonatal (day 0 or 1) offspring. BW of neonatal LP males was lower than NP males but no difference was observed in females. Gene and protein expression of UCP-1 and transcription factors PRDM16 and PPARα in iBAT were 2- to 6-fold greater in LP than in NP male neonatal offspring. FNDC5, a precursor of irisin and activator of thermogenesis, was expressed 2-fold greater in neonatal LP iBAT than NP males. However, fetal iBAT UCP-1, PRDM16, PPARα and irisin mRNA did not differ between LP and NP groups. Maternal LP diet had no effects on placental irisin and UCP-2 expression. These results suggest that prenatal protein restriction increases the risk for low BW through mechanisms affecting full-term offspring iBAT thermogenesis but not greatly altering fetal iBAT or placental thermogenesis.
authors: U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA. Electronic address: kate.claycombe@ars.usda.gov.
authors: Kate J
authors: KJ
authors: Claycombe
authors: U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA.
authors: Emilie E
authors: EE
authors: Vomhof-DeKrey
authors: U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA.
authors: James N
authors: JN
authors: Roemmich
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
authors: Turk
authors: T
authors: Rhen
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 504 Hamline Street, Neuroscience Building, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9037, USA.
authors: Othman
authors: O
authors: Ghribi
mesh_terms: D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001724:Birth Weight; D018753:Diet, Protein-Restricted; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D022722:Thermogenesis; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C583676:FNDC5 protein, rat; D005353:Fibronectins; D007473:Ion Channels; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D047493:PPAR alpha; C000605624:PRDM16 protein, rat; D014157:Transcription Factors; C000604371:UCP1 protein, human; C000604373:Ucp1 protein, rat; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1
keywords: Brown fat thermogenesis; FNDC5; Irisin; Maternal low protein diet; PRDM16; Placental irisin; UCP-1