title: Convergent evolution and mimicry of protein linear motifs in host-pathogen interactions.
abstract: Pathogen linear motif mimics are highly evolvable elements that facilitate rewiring of host protein interaction networks. Host linear motifs and pathogen mimics differ in sequence, leading to thermodynamic and structural differences in the resulting protein-protein interactions. Moreover, the functional output of a mimic depends on the motif and domain repertoire of the pathogen protein. Regulatory evolution mediated by linear motifs can be understood by measuring evolutionary rates, quantifying positive and negative selection and performing phylogenetic reconstructions of linear motif natural history. Convergent evolution of linear motif mimics is widespread among unrelated proteins from viral, prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathogens and can also take place within individual protein phylogenies. Statistics, biochemistry and laboratory models of infection link pathogen linear motifs to phenotypic traits such as tropism, virulence and oncogenicity. In vitro evolution experiments and analysis of natural sequences suggest that changes in linear motif composition underlie pathogen adaptation to a changing environment.
authors: Protein Structure-Function and Engineering Laboratory, Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: lchemes@leloir.org.ar.
authors: Lucía Beatriz
authors: LB
authors: Chemes
authors: Protein Structure-Function and Engineering Laboratory, Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors: Gonzalo
authors: G
authors: de Prat-Gay
authors: Protein Physiology Laboratory, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales and IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: isanchez@qb.fcen.uba.ar.
authors: Ignacio Enrique
authors: IE
authors: Sánchez
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000818:Animals; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D018716:Molecular Mimicry; D011487:Protein Conformation; D060066:Protein Interaction Maps; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins