title: Alcoholic liver disease: the gut microbiome and liver cross talk.
abstract: Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Alcoholic fatty liver disease can progress to steatohepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Patients with alcohol abuse show quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiome. Furthermore, patients with ALD have increased intestinal permeability and elevated systemic levels of gut-derived microbial products. Maintaining eubiosis, stabilizing the mucosal gut barrier, or preventing cellular responses to microbial products protect from experimental ALD. Therefore, intestinal dysbiosis and pathological bacterial translocation appear fundamental for the pathogenesis of ALD. This review highlights causes for intestinal dysbiosis and pathological bacterial translocation, their relationship, and consequences for ALD. We also discuss how the liver affects the intestinal microbiota.
authors: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
authors: Phillipp
authors: P
authors: Hartmann
authors: Caroline T
authors: CT
authors: Seebauer
authors: Bernd
authors: B
authors: Schnabl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018988:Bacterial Translocation; D064806:Dysbiosis / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology; D008099:Liver / Q000382:microbiology*; D008108:Liver Diseases, Alcoholic / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology*; D010539:Permeability
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Alcoholic Liver Disease; Bacterial Translocation; Intestinal Bacterial Dysbiosis; Metabolome; Microbiome