title: Angioarchitectural evolution of clival dural arteriovenous fistulas in two patients.
abstract: Dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) may present in a variety of ways, including as carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas. The ophthalmologic sequelae of carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas are known and recognizable, but less commonly seen is the rare clival fistula. Clival dAVFs may have a variety of potential anatomical configurations but are defined by the involvement of the venous plexus just overlying the bony clivus. Here we present two cases of clival dAVFs that most likely evolved from carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas.
authors: Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Calif., USA.
authors: Andrew E
authors: AE
authors: Pouw
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, N.Y., USA.
authors: Richard L
authors: RL
authors: Rabin
authors: Doheny Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif., USA.
authors: Rustum
authors: R
authors: Karanjia
authors: Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, Calif., USA.
authors: Simon R
authors: SR
authors: Bababeygy
authors: Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Calif., USA.
authors: Arun P
authors: AP
authors: Amar
authors: Doheny Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif., USA.
authors: Alfredo A
authors: AA
authors: Sadun
keywords: Carotid-cavernous sinus fistula; Clival fistula; Clivus; Dural arteriovenous fistula; Neuro-ophthalmology