title: The hazardous effects of tobacco smoking on male fertility.
abstract: The substantial harmful effects of tobacco smoking on fertility and reproduction have become apparent but are not generally appreciated. Tobacco smoke contains more than 4000 kinds of constituents, including nicotine, tar, carbonic monoxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy metals. Because of the complexity of tobacco smoke components, the toxicological mechanism is notably complicated. Most studies have reported reduced semen quality, reproductive hormone system dysfunction and impaired spermatogenesis, sperm maturation, and spermatozoa function in smokers compared with nonsmokers. Underlying these effects, elevated oxidative stress, DNA damage, and cell apoptosis may play important roles collaboratively in the overall effect of tobacco smoking on male fertility. In this review, we strive to focus on both the phenotype of and the molecular mechanism underlying these harmful effects, although current studies regarding the mechanism remain insufficient.
authors: Jing-Bo
authors: JB
authors: Dai
authors: Zhao-Xia
authors: ZX
authors: Wang
authors: School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
authors: Zhong-Dong
authors: ZD
authors: Qiao
mesh_terms: D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000009:adverse effects; D004249:DNA Damage; D005298:Fertility; D064426:Gasotransmitters / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000009:adverse effects; D009538:Nicotine / Q000009:adverse effects; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000009:adverse effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000009:adverse effects; D055101:Semen Analysis; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013091:Spermatogenesis; D013094:Spermatozoa; D014026:Nicotiana
chemical_list: D064426:Gasotransmitters; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012906:Smoke; D009538:Nicotine; D002248:Carbon Monoxide