title: An Assessment of Participatory Integrated Vector Management for Malaria Control in Kenya.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends integrated vector management (IVM) as a strategy to improve and sustain malaria vector control. However, this approach has not been widely adopted.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We comprehensively assessed experiences and findings on IVM in Kenya with a view to sharing lessons that might promote its wider application.
  
  
  METHODS
  The assessment used information from a qualitative external evaluation of two malaria IVM projects implemented between 2006 and 2011 and an analysis of their accumulated entomological and malaria case data. The project sites were Malindi and Nyabondo, located in coastal and western Kenya, respectively. The assessment focused on implementation of five key elements of IVM: integration of vector control methods, evidence-based decision making, intersectoral collaboration, advocacy and social mobilization, and capacity building.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IVM was more successfully implemented in Malindi than in Nyabondo owing to greater community participation and multistakeholder engagement. There was a significant decline in the proportion of malaria cases among children admitted to Malindi Hospital, from 23.7% in 2006 to 10.47% in 2011 (p < 0.001). However, the projects' operational research methodology did not allow statistical attribution of the decline in malaria and malaria vectors to specific IVM interventions or other factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sustaining IVM is likely to require strong participation and support from multiple actors, including community-based groups, non-governmental organizations, international and national research institutes, and various government ministries. A cluster-randomized controlled trial would be essential to quantify the effectiveness and impact of specific IVM interventions, alone or in combination.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Mutero CM, Mbogo C, Mwangangi J, Imbahale S, Kibe L, Orindi B, Girma M, Njui A, Lwande W, Affognon H, Gichuki C, Mukabana WR. 2015. An assessment of participatory integrated vector management for malaria control in Kenya. Environ Health Perspect 123:1145-1151; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408748.
authors: International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors: Clifford Maina
authors: CM
authors: Mutero
authors: Charles
authors: C
authors: Mbogo
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Mwangangi
authors: Susan
authors: S
authors: Imbahale
authors: Lydia
authors: L
authors: Kibe
authors: Benedict
authors: B
authors: Orindi
authors: Melaku
authors: M
authors: Girma
authors: Annah
authors: A
authors: Njui
authors: Wilber
authors: W
authors: Lwande
authors: Hippolyte
authors: H
authors: Affognon
authors: Charity
authors: C
authors: Gichuki
authors: Wolfgang Richard
authors: WR
authors: Mukabana
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003256:Community Participation; D003254:Consumer Advocacy; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D009033:Culicidae; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007630:Kenya; D008288:Malaria / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission*; D008297:Male; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods*