title: Current status of residency training in laparoscopic surgery in Brazil: a critical review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The surgeon's formation process has changed in recent decades. The increase in medical schools, new specialties and modern technologies induce an overhaul of medical education. Medical residency in surgery has established itself as a key step in the formation of the surgeon, and represents the ideal and natural way for teaching laparoscopy. However, the introduction of laparoscopic surgery in the medical residency programs in surgical specialties is insufficient, creating the need for additional training after its termination.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review the surgical teaching ways used in services that published their results.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey of relevant publications in books, internet and databases in PubMed, Lilacs and Scielo through july 2014 using the headings: laparoscopy; simulation; education, medical; learning; internship and residency.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The training method for medical residency in surgery focused on surgical procedures in patients under supervision, has proven successful in the era of open surgery. However, conceptually turns as a process of experimentation in humans. Psychomotor learning must not be developed directly to the patient. Training in laparoscopic surgery requires the acquisition of psychomotor skills through training conducted initially with surgical simulation. Platforms based teaching problem solving as the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery, developed by the American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgery and the Laparoscopic Surgical Skills proposed by the European Society of Endoscopic Surgery has been widely used both for education and for the accreditation of surgeons worldwide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The establishment of a more appropriate pedagogical process for teaching laparoscopic surgery in the medical residency programs is mandatory in order to give a solid surgical education and to determine a structured and safe professional activity.
authors: Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors: Miguel Prestes
authors: MP
authors: Nácul
authors: Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors: Leandro Totti
authors: LT
authors: Cavazzola
authors: DIGEST Team, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors: Marco Cezário
authors: MC
authors: de Melo
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D007396:Internship and Residency; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000193:education*; D000066908:Simulation Training; D020535:Video-Assisted Surgery