title: Effects of Context Type on Lipreading and Listening Performance and Implications for Sentence Processing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study compared the use of 2 different types of contextual cues (sentence based and situation based) in 2 different modalities (visual only and auditory only).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty young adults were tested with the Illustrated Sentence Test (Tye-Murray, Hale, Spehar, Myerson, & Sommers, 2014) and the Speech Perception in Noise Test (Bilger, Nuetzel, Rabinowitz, & Rzeczkowski, 1984; Kalikow, Stevens, & Elliott, 1977) in the 2 modalities. The Illustrated Sentences Test presents sentences with no context and sentences accompanied by picture-based situational context cues. The Speech Perception in Noise Test presents sentences with low sentence-based context and sentences with high sentence-based context.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants benefited from both types of context and received more benefit when testing occurred in the visual-only modality than when it occurred in the auditory-only modality. Participants' use of sentence-based context did not correlate with use of situation-based context. Cue usage did not correlate between the 2 modalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ability to use contextual cues appears to be dependent on the type of cue and the presentation modality of the target word(s). In a theoretical sense, the results suggest that models of word recognition and sentence processing should incorporate the influence of multiple sources of information and recognize that the 2 types of context have different influences on speech perception. In a clinical sense, the results suggest that aural rehabilitation programs might provide training to optimize use of both kinds of contextual cues.
authors: Brent
authors: B
authors: Spehar
authors: Stacey
authors: S
authors: Goebel
authors: Nancy
authors: N
authors: Tye-Murray
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D002663:Child Language; D019929:Cochlear Implantation; D003463:Cues; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological; D006310:Hearing Aids; D006311:Hearing Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D006320:Hearing Tests; D006801:Humans; D008085:Lipreading; D046709:Pattern Recognition, Physiological; D010700:Phonetics; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012923:Social Class; D013060:Speech; D013067:Speech Perception; D013068:Speech Production Measurement