title: The global ecology and epidemiology of West Nile virus.
abstract: Since its initial isolation in Uganda in 1937 through the present, West Nile virus (WNV) has become an important cause of human and animal disease worldwide. WNV, an enveloped virus of the genus Flavivirus, is naturally maintained in an enzootic cycle between birds and mosquitoes, with occasional epizootic spillover causing disease in humans and horses. The mosquito vectors for WNV are widely distributed worldwide, and the known geographic range of WNV transmission and disease has continued to increase over the past 77 years. While most human infections with WNV are asymptomatic, severe neurological disease may develop resulting in long-term sequelae or death. Surveillance and preventive measures are an ongoing need to reduce the public health impact of WNV in areas with the potential for transmission.
authors: United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002, USA.
authors: Caren
authors: 0000-0001-7603-2349
authors: C
authors: Chancey
authors: United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002, USA.
authors: Andriyan
authors: 0000-0001-8748-9029
authors: A
authors: Grinev
authors: United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002, USA.
authors: Evgeniya
authors: 0000-0002-3564-3423
authors: E
authors: Volkova
authors: United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002, USA.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Rios
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D009033:Culicidae / Q000502:physiology* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000502:physiology* / Q000821:virology; D014901:West Nile Fever / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission*; D014902:West Nile virus / Q000502:physiology*