title: Optic disc hemorrhage is related to various hemodynamic findings by disc angiography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To investigate the hemodynamic characteristics of glaucoma eyes with disc hemorrhage (DH) by disc fluorescein angiography, and its relationship with glaucomatous changes of the optic disc and surrounding retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 35 glaucoma eyes with DH who were followed up at least 5 years and had DH at presentation. Eyes were classified as eyes with DH at the border of localized RNFL defects and eyes with DH not related to localized RNFL defects. Prevalence of DH and location of the proximal border were recorded from disc photographs. Fluorescein angiography was performed 3 months after detecting the DH. Arm-retina time, arteriovenous transit time, disc filling time, choroidal filling time, and venous filling time were measured as retinal circulation parameters. The presence of disc filling defects and disc leaks were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 19 (54.3%) eyes with DH accompanying localized RNFL defects. The arm-retina time was prolonged in eyes with DH not related to RNFL defects (P = 0.044) and the arteriovenous transit time was prolonged in eyes with DH accompanying RNFL defects (P = 0.029). Among eyes with DH accompanying RNFL defects, 11 (57.9%) had vessel filling defects or delayed filling indicating blood flow stasis at the cup margin proximal to where DH occurred. Eyes with DH not related to RNFL defects did not show vessel filling defects or delayed filling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Eyes with DH related to RNFL defects showed prolonged arteriovenous transit time and had frequent vessel filling defects or delayed filling indicating blood flow stasis and thrombus formation at the site DH occurred. These findings suggest that vascular and hemodynamic changes due to glaucomatous structural changes cause DH in relation to localized RNFL defects.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Hae Young Lopilly
authors: HY
authors: Park
authors: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Hyun Jin
authors: HJ
authors: Jeong
authors: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Yoon Hee
authors: YH
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Chan Kee
authors: CK
authors: Park
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000098:blood supply*; D012166:Retinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology*