title: Stimulation of macrophages with the β-glucan produced by aureobasidium pullulans promotes the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL).
abstract: A β-glucan produced by Aureobasidium pullulans (AP-PG) is consisting of a β-(1,3)-linked main chain with β-(1,6)-linked glucose side residues. Various β-glucans consisting of β-(1,3)-linked main chain including AP-PG are believed to exhibit anti-tumor activities, and actually, anti-tumor activities of AP-PG in mice have been demonstrated. In this study, we demonstrate that stimulation with AP-PG induces TRAIL expression in mouse and human macrophage-like cell lines. TRAIL is known to be a cytokine which specifically induces apoptosis in transformed cells, but not in untransformed cells. The expression of TRAIL mRNA after stimulation with AP-PG was increased in RAW264.7 cells, Mono Mac 6 cells, and macrophage-differentiated THP-1 cells. The mRNA expression of TNF-α and FasL is only weakly increased after stimulation with AP-PG. The induction activity of TRAIL by curdlan, a bacterial β-glucan, was very similar to that by AP-PG in RAW264.7 cells, but weaker in macrophage-differentiated THP-1 cells. Activation of caspases was found in HeLa cells after treatment with the supernatant of cultured medium from AP-PG-stimulated Mono Mac 6 cells, and was inhibited by the anti-TRAIL neutralizing antibody. These findings suggest that the stimulation with AP-PG effectively induces TRAIL in macrophages, and that it may be related to apoptosis induction of tumor cells.
authors: Aureo Science Co., Ltd., Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Aureo Co., Ltd., Kimitsu, Chiba, Japan.
authors: Koji
authors: K
authors: Kawata
authors: Aureo Science Co., Ltd., Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Aureo Co., Ltd., Kimitsu, Chiba, Japan.
authors: Atsushi
authors: A
authors: Iwai
authors: Aureo Science Co., Ltd., Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors: Daisuke
authors: D
authors: Muramatsu
authors: Aureo Science Co., Ltd., Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors: Shiho
authors: S
authors: Aoki
authors: Aureo Co., Ltd., Kimitsu, Chiba, Japan.
authors: Hirofumi
authors: H
authors: Uchiyama
authors: Aureo Co., Ltd., Kimitsu, Chiba, Japan.
authors: Mitsuyasu
authors: M
authors: Okabe
authors: Division of Signaling in Cancer and Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors: Sumio
authors: S
authors: Hayakawa
authors: Division of Signaling in Cancer and Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors: Akinori
authors: A
authors: Takaoka
authors: Department of Probiotics Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors: Tadaaki
authors: T
authors: Miyazaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D047071:beta-Glucans; C038459:curdlan; D020169:Caspases