title: Cell Cycle Regulation in the Estrogen Receptor Beta (ESR2)-Overexpressing Hep3B Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line.
abstract: Epidemiological studies and experimental data have shown that the incidences of hepatocellular carcinoma in men are more frequent than in women. Evidence suggests that imbalance of hormones, including estrogen, androgen, prolactin, and growth hormone, modifies liver tumorigenesis. In this present study, we investigated how estrogen and estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2), regulates the cell cycle mechanism in Hep3B hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Our results showed that ESR2 overexpression in the presence of 10⁻⁸ M 17-β-estradiol downregulated c-myc and cyclin D1 expression and simultaneously upregulated p27 expression. However, flow cytometry and MTT assays showed only minor G₁ phase arrest without affecting cell viability. Taken together, these observations indicate that ESR2 is required to lower tumorigenesis in males by altering cell cycle proteins in a ligand-dependent manner.
authors: Division of Hematology & Oncology, Internal Medicine Department, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors: Yi-Sheng
authors: YS
authors: Liu
authors: National Taiwan Sport University, Athletic Training and Health Department, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors: Ying-Lan
authors: YL
authors: Tsai
authors: Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan, Republic of China.|Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli 35665, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors: Yu-Lan
authors: YL
authors: Yeh
authors: Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors: Li-Chin
authors: LC
authors: Chung
authors: Department of Dermatology, Taipei City Hospital, Renai Branch, Taipei 10629, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors: Su-Ying
authors: SY
authors: Wen
authors: Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei 11153, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors: Chia-Hua
authors: CH
authors: Kuo
authors: Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors: Yueh-Min
authors: YM
authors: Lin
authors: Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641 046, India.
authors: V Vijaya
authors: VV
authors: Padma
authors: Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science,China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors: V Bharath
authors: VB
authors: Kumar
authors: Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science,China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, Republic of China.|Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, Republic of China.|Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science,China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors: Chih-Yang
authors: CY
authors: Huang
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D002453:Cell Cycle; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; C000600034:ESR2 protein, human; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta