title: Determination of reference intervals for metabolic profile of Hanwoo cows at early, middle and late gestation periods.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metabolic profile was initially designed as a presymptomatic diagnostic aid based on statistical analyses of blood metabolites to provide an early warning of certain types of metabolic disorder. However, there is little metabolic profile data available about Korean Hanwoo cows. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the reference intervals of metabolic profile for Korean Hanwoo cows.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy animals (2,205) were selected and divided into early (day 1 to 95), middle (day 96 to 190) and late (day 191 to 285) period according to their gestating period. Metabolic profile including total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), urea (UREA), glucose (Glu), total cholesterol (T-Cho), long-chain fatty acid (LCFA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), creatinine (Crea), calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorous (iP) and magnesium (Mg) were analyzed using a TBA-40FR automatic biochemical analyzer. The data of Korean Hanwoo cows were then compared to those of the Japanese Wagyu cows.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most of the data of the Korean Hanwoo cows were relatively higher than those of Japanese Wagyu cows, with the exception of Glu and GGT. This may indicate that the nutritional level of feed for the Korean Hanwoo cows was higher than that of the Japanese Wagyu cows because of the different feeding system. In particular, relatively higher levels of UREA and LCFA were observed in the Korean Hanwoo cows, and this may also contribute to the low reproduction efficiency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings may provide some theoretical basis for understanding the reproductive and feeding situation of Korean Hanwoo cows.
authors: Laboratory of Animal Cell Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Shinlim-dong, Kwanak-gu Seoul, 151-742 South Korea.
authors: Da Chuan
authors: da C
authors: Piao
authors: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Nan-guan District Changchun, 130118 People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Nan-guan District Changchun, 130118 People' Republic of China.
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience & Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu Seoul, 143-701 South Korea.
authors: Jae Sung
authors: JS
authors: Lee
authors: Animal & Dairy Sciences Cluster, College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Bañose, Los Baños, 4031 Laguna Philippines.
authors: Renato Sa
authors: RS
authors: Vega
authors: Laboratory of Animal Cell Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Shinlim-dong, Kwanak-gu Seoul, 151-742 South Korea.
authors: Sang Ki
authors: SK
authors: Kang
authors: Laboratory of Animal Cell Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Shinlim-dong, Kwanak-gu Seoul, 151-742 South Korea.
authors: Yun Jaie
authors: YJ
authors: Choi
authors: Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience & Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu Seoul, 143-701 South Korea.
authors: Hong Gu
authors: HG
authors: Lee
keywords: Hanwoo cows; Metabolic profile; Reference intervals; Wagyu cows