title: Trichophyton rubrum conidia modulate the expression and transport of Toll-like receptor 2 in HaCaT cell.
abstract: Trichophyton rubrum (T. rubrum) represents the most important agent of dermatophytosis in humans. T. rubrum infection causes slight inflammation, and tends to be chronic and recurrent. It is suggested that T. rubrum can modulate the innate immune responses of host cells, which result in the failure of host cells to recognize T. rubrum and initiate effective immune responses. In this study we show how T. rubrum conidia modulate the expression and transport of Toll-like receptor 2 in HaCaT cell. Flow cytometric analysis showed that the surface and total expression of Toll-like receptor 2 were upregulated at the very early stage when keratinocytes were exposed to T. rubrum conidia regardless of the dose, and the upregulation of surface TLR2 was much more significant than that of total TLR2. Moreover, TLR2 expression was suppressed after upregulation in the initial stage of T. rubrum exposure, and the decrease of total TLR2 was earlier than that of surface TLR2. Our results suggest that in the early stage, TLR2 of keratinocytes were upregulated and transported to the cell surface. After then, the expression of TLR2 was suppressed by T. rubrum conidia.
authors: Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou Kingmed Center for Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Xiaoqiang
authors: X
authors: Huang
authors: Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Jinling
authors: J
authors: Yi
authors: Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Songchao
authors: S
authors: Yin
authors: Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Meirong
authors: M
authors: Li
authors: Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Congxiu
authors: C
authors: Ye
authors: Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Lai
authors: Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: chj75@medmail.com.cn.
authors: Jian
authors: J
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D021381:Protein Transport; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000276:immunology*; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014249:Trichophyton / Q000276:immunology*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2
keywords: HaCaT cell; Toll-like receptor 2; Trichophyton rubrum