title: Maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy in relation to offspring forearm fractures: prospective study from the Danish National Birth Cohort.
abstract: Limited evidence exists for an association between maternal diet during pregnancy and offspring bone health. In a prospective study, we examined the association between dietary patterns in mid-pregnancy and offspring forearm fractures. In total, 101,042 pregnancies were recruited to the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) during 1996-2002. Maternal diet was collected by a food frequency questionnaire. Associations were analyzed between seven dietary patterns extracted by principal component analysis and offspring first occurrence of any forearm fracture diagnosis, extracted from the Danish National Patient Register, between time of birth and end of follow-up (< 16 year) (n = 53,922). In multivariable Cox regression models, offspring of mothers in the fourth vs. first quintile of the Western pattern had a significant increased risk (Hazard ratio, 95% confidence interval: 1.11, 1.01-1.23) of fractures, and there was a borderline significant positive trend (p = 0.06). The other dietary patterns showed no associations and neither did supplementary analyses of macro- and micronutrients or single food groups, except for the intake of artificially sweetened soft drinks, which was positively associated with offspring forearm fractures (p = 0.02). In the large prospective DNBC high mid-pregnancy consumption of Western diet and artificially sweetened soft drinks, respectively, indicated positive associations with offspring forearm fractures, which provides interesting hypotheses for future research.
authors: Centre for Fetal Programming, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institute, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. ssp@ssi.dk.
authors: Sesilje B
authors: SB
authors: Petersen
authors: Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark. mortenr@food.ku.dk.|Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark. mortenr@food.ku.dk.
authors: Morten A
authors: MA
authors: Rasmussen
authors: Centre for Fetal Programming, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institute, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. sfo@ssi.dk.|Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. sfo@ssi.dk.
authors: Sjurdur F
authors: SF
authors: Olsen
authors: Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark. p-vest@post4.tele.dk.|Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark. p-vest@post4.tele.dk.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Vestergaard
authors: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark. cm@nexs.ku.dk.
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Mølgaard
authors: Centre for Fetal Programming, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institute, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. lur@ssi.dk.|Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland. lur@ssi.dk.
authors: Thorhallur I
authors: TI
authors: Halldorsson
authors: Centre for Fetal Programming, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institute, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. mrm@ssi.dk.
authors: Marin
authors: M
authors: Strøm
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism; D002253:Carbonated Beverages; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000473:pathology*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009035:Mothers; D009043:Motor Activity; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D011247:Pregnancy; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D018977:Micronutrients