title: Free radical scavenging activity and comparative metabolic profiling of in vitro cultured and field grown Withania somnifera roots.
abstract: Free radical scavenging activity (FRSA), total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) of in vitro cultured and field grown Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) roots were investigated. Withanolides analysis and comprehensive metabolic profiling between 100% methanol extracts of in vitro and field grown root tissues was performed using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. Significantly higher levels of FRSA, TPC, and TFC were observed in in-vitro cultured roots compared with field grown samples. In addition, 30 day-cultured in vitro root samples (1 MIR) exhibited a significantly higher FRSA (IC50 81.01 μg/mL), TPC (118.91 mg GAE/g), and TFC (32.68 mg CE/g) compared with those in 45 day-cultured samples (1.5 MIR). Total of 29 metabolites were identified in in vitro cultured and field grown roots by GC-MS analysis. The metabolites included alcohols, organic acids, purine, pyrimidine, sugars, and putrescine. Vanillic acid was only observed in the in vitro cultured root samples, and higher level of the vanillic acid was observed in 1 MIR when compared to 1.5 MIR. Therefore, it is suggested that 1 MIR might serve as an alternative to field grown roots for the development of medicinal and functional food products.
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam University for Women, Coimbatore, 641043, India.
authors: Kalaiselvi
authors: K
authors: Senthil
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam University for Women, Coimbatore, 641043, India.
authors: Pankajavalli
authors: P
authors: Thirugnanasambantham
authors: College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea.
authors: Taek Joo
authors: TJ
authors: Oh
authors: College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea.
authors: So Hyun
authors: SH
authors: Kim
authors: College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hyung Kyoon
authors: HK
authors: Choi
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D055432:Metabolomics; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D032341:Withania / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D054358:Withanolides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010636:Phenols; D054358:Withanolides