title: Associations between sleep disturbances and diabetes mellitus among blacks with metabolic syndrome: Results from the Metabolic Syndrome Outcome Study (MetSO).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The association between sleep disturbances and cardiometabolic diseases has been understudied in blacks with metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is a cross-sectional analysis of the Metabolic Syndrome Outcome Study (MetSO) trial. We assessed insomnia symptoms, sleep duration, and risk for sleep apnea. Multivariate logistic regression models evaluated the association between sleep disturbances with diabetes mellitus (DM) and the combined outcomes of DM and hypertension as well as DM and dyslipidemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sample consisted of 1,013 participants, mean age of 62 ± 14 years and 61% female. DM was diagnosed in 60% of the sample. Sleep apnea risk was observed in 48% of the sample, while 10% had insomnia symptoms and 65% reported short sleep duration (< 6 hours). Sleep apnea risk, but not insomnia or sleep duration, was associated with DM (OR 1.66; 95% CI 1.21-2.28), adjusting for age, sex, income, obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2)), tobacco use, alcohol use, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and depression. In fully adjusted models, sleep apnea risk was associated with the combined outcome of DM-hypertension (OR 1.95; 95% CI 1.42-2.69), but not with diabetes-dyslipidemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed a strong association between sleep apnea risk and diabetes mellitus among blacks with metabolic syndrome.
authors: Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , Miami , FL, USA.
authors: Alberto R
authors: AR
authors: Ramos
authors: Douglas M
authors: DM
authors: Wallace
authors: Seithikurippu Ratnas
authors: SR
authors: Pandi-Perumal
authors: Natasha J
authors: NJ
authors: Williams
authors: Chimene
authors: C
authors: Castor
authors: Mary Ann
authors: MA
authors: Sevick
authors: Samy I
authors: SI
authors: Mcfarlane
authors: Girardin
authors: G
authors: Jean-Louis
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D012307:Risk Factors; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000378:metabolism; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Black race/ethnicity; diabetes mellitus; metabolic syndrome; sleep apnea