title: SUNDROP: six years of screening for retinopathy of prematurity with telemedicine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the 6-year results of the Stanford University Network for Diagnosis of Retinopathy of Prematurity (SUNDROP) initiative in the context of telemedicine screening initiatives for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Premature newborns requiring ROP screening at 6 neonatal intensive care units from December 1, 2005, to November 30, 2011.
  
  
  METHODS
  Infants were evaluated via remote retinal photography by an ROP specialist. A total of 608 preterm infants meeting ROP examination criteria were screened with the RetCam II/III (Clarity Medical Systems, Pleasanton, Calif.). Primary outcomes were treatment-warranted ROP (TW-ROP) and adverse anatomical events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the 6 years, 1216 total eyes were screened during 2169 examinations, generating 26 970 retinal images, an average of 3.56 examinations and 44.28 images per patient. Twenty-two (3.6%) of the infants screened met criteria for TW-ROP. Compared with bedside binocular ophthalmoscopy, remote interpretation of RetCam II/III images had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 99.8%, positive predicative value of 95.5%, and negative predicative value of 100% for the detection of TW-ROP. No adverse anatomical outcomes were observed for any enrolled patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 6-year results for the SUNDROP telemedicine initiative were highly favourable with respect to diagnostic accuracy. Telemedicine appears to be a safe, reliable, and cost-effective complement to the efforts of ROP specialists, capable of increasing patient access to screening and focusing the resources of the current ophthalmic community on infants with potentially vision-threatening disease.
authors: Byers Eye Institute, Horngren Family Vitreoretinal Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine.
authors: Sean K
authors: SK
authors: Wang
authors: Byers Eye Institute, Horngren Family Vitreoretinal Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine.
authors: Natalia F
authors: NF
authors: Callaway
authors: Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Calif.
authors: Matthew B
authors: MB
authors: Wallenstein
authors: Byers Eye Institute, Horngren Family Vitreoretinal Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine.
authors: Michael T
authors: MT
authors: Henderson
authors: Byers Eye Institute, Horngren Family Vitreoretinal Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine.
authors: Theodore
authors: T
authors: Leng
authors: Byers Eye Institute, Horngren Family Vitreoretinal Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine. Electronic address: dariusm@stanford.edu.
authors: Darius M
authors: DM
authors: Moshfeghi
mesh_terms: D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D008297:Male; D015997:Neonatal Screening / Q000379:methods*; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy / Q000379:methods; D010781:Photography / Q000379:methods; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012178:Retinopathy of Prematurity / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000379:methods*; D015351:Vision Screening / Q000295:instrumentation*