title: Synthesis of spongy-like mesoporous hydroxyapatite from raw waste eggshells for enhanced dissolution of ibuprofen loaded via supercritical CO2.
abstract: The use of cheaper and recyclable biomaterials (like eggshells) to synthesize high purity hydroxyapatite (HAp) with better properties (small particle size, large surface area and pore volume) for applications (in environmental remediation, bone augmentation and replacement, and drug delivery systems) is vital since high-purity synthetic calcium sources are expensive. In this work, pure and mesoporous HAp nanopowder with large pore volume (1.4 cm3/g) and surface area (284.1 m2/g) was produced from raw eggshells at room temperature using a simple two-step procedure. The control of precursor droplets could stabilize the pH value of the reaction solution, because of the size of the needle (of the syringe pump used for precursor additions) leading to production of HAp with high surface area and pore size. The as-produced HAp revealed high ibuprofen (as a model drug) loading (1.38 g/g HAp), enhanced dissolution and controllable release of the drug via solute-saturated supercritical carbon dioxide.
authors: Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols, Ethers and Esters, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. ghrauf@gmail.com.
authors: Abdul-Rauf
authors: AR
authors: Ibrahim
authors: Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols, Ethers and Esters, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. xiangyun068@gmail.com.
authors: Xiangyun
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols, Ethers and Esters, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. iamrhea14@gmail.com.
authors: Yulan
authors: Y
authors: Zhou
authors: Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols, Ethers and Esters, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. yanh1236@gmail.com.
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Huang
authors: Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols, Ethers and Esters, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. wenlimy@163.com.
authors: Wenwen
authors: W
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols, Ethers and Esters, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. wanght@xmu.edu.cn.
authors: Hongtao
authors: H
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols, Ethers and Esters, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. junnyxm@xmu.edu.cn.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D011161:Porifera / Q000737:chemistry; D016062:Porosity; D012995:Solubility; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D017886:Durapatite; D007052:Ibuprofen