title: Identification of autonomic neuronal chains innervating gingiva and lip.
abstract: The major goals of this present study were 1) to further clarify which parasympathetic ganglion sends postganglionic fibers to the lower gingiva and lip that may be involved in the inflammatory processes besides the local factors; 2) to separately examine the central pathways regulating sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation; and 3) to examine the distribution of central premotor neurons on both sides. A retrogradely transported green fluorescent protein conjugated pseudorabies virus was injected into the lower gingiva and lip of intact and sympathectomized adult female rats. Some animals received virus in the adrenal medulla which receive only preganglionic sympathetic fibers to separately clarify the sympathetic nature of premotor neurons. After 72-120h of survival and perfusion, the corresponding thoracic part of the spinal cord, brainstem, hypothalamus, cervical, otic, submandibular and trigeminal ganglia were harvested. Frozen sections were investigated under a confocal microscope. Green fluorescence indicated the presence of the virus. The postganglionic sympathetic neurons related to both organs are located in the three cervical ganglia, the preganglionic neurons in the lateral horn of the spinal cord on ipsilateral side; premotor neurons were found in the ventrolateral medulla, locus ceruleus, gigantocellular and paraventricular nucleus and perifornical region in nearly the same number on both sides. The parasympathetic postganglionic neurons related to the gingiva are present in the otic and related to the lip are present in the otic and submandibular ganglia and the preganglionic neurons are in the salivatory nuclei. Third order neurons were found in the gigantocellular reticular and hypothalamic paraventricular nuclei and perifornical area.
authors: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Hungary.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Szabó
authors: Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors: Á
authors: Á
authors: Csáki
authors: Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary.
authors: Zs
authors: Z
authors: Boldogkői
authors: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Hungary.
authors: Zs
authors: Z
authors: Tóth
authors: Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: koves.katalin@med.semmelweis-univ.hu.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Köves
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017776:Autonomic Pathways / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D002452:Cell Count; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D005881:Gingiva / Q000294:innervation*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D011558:Herpesvirus 1, Suid; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008046:Lip / Q000294:innervation*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D056347:Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing Techniques; D056325:Neuronal Tract-Tracers; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology; D010784:Photomicrography; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000033:anatomy & histology
chemical_list: D056325:Neuronal Tract-Tracers; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins
keywords: Confocal microscopy; Green-fluorescent protein; Neuronal tract-tracer; Pseudorabies virus; Rat; Sympathectomy