title: Chemical characterization of atmospheric particles and source apportionment in the vicinity of a steelmaking industry.
abstract: The objective of this work was to provide a chemical characterization of atmospheric particles collected in the vicinity of a steelmaking industry and to identify the sources that affect PM10 levels. A total of 94 PM samples were collected in two sampling campaigns that occurred in February and June/July of 2011. PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 were analyzed for a total of 22 elements by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis and Particle Induced X-ray Emission. The concentrations of water soluble ions in PM10 were measured by Ion Chromatography and Indophenol-Blue Spectrophotometry. Positive Matrix Factorization receptor model was used to identify sources of particulate matter and to determine their mass contribution to PM10. Seven main groups of sources were identified: marine aerosol identified by Na and Cl (22%), steelmaking and sinter plant represented by As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb, Sb and Zn (11%), sinter plant stack identified by NH4(+), K and Pb (12%), an unidentified Br source (1.8%), secondary aerosol from coke making and blast furnace (19%), fugitive emissions from the handling of raw material, sinter plant and vehicles dust resuspension identified by Al, Ca, La, Si, Ti and V (14%) and sinter plant and blast furnace associated essentially with Fe and Mn (21%).
authors: Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 139.7km, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal. Electronic address: smarta@ctn.ist.utl.pt.
authors: S M
authors: SM
authors: Almeida
authors: Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 139.7km, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Lage
authors: Global R&D, ArcelorMittal, Avilés, Spain.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Fernández
authors: Instituto de Soldadura e Qualidade, Av. Prof. Dr. Cavaco Silva, 33, 2740-120 Porto Salvo, Portugal.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Garcia
authors: Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 139.7km, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal.
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Reis
authors: Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 139.7km, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal.
authors: P C
authors: PC
authors: Chaves
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000032:analysis; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D001272:Atmosphere / Q000737:chemistry*; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D008669:Metallurgy; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D004391:Dust; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: Integrated iron; Metals; PM(10); Receptor models; Source contribution; Steel production; Water soluble ions