title: Morphological Changes and Expression of Cytokine After Local Endometrial Injury in a Mouse Model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish a mouse model for endometrial injury and determine the underlying mechanism regarding its favorable effect on embryo implantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female Kunming mice were randomly allocated into 4 groups: group I, normal control; group II, injury procedure control; and group III and group IV, the mice being scratched with a blunt syringe on the right uterine horn or both, respectively. All the mice were mated with the males during the next estrus phase. The number of implanted embryos on each side of uterus was calculated on day 8 of pregnancy. The endometrial samples were taken on day 4 of pregnancy, and the local morphological changes and cytokine expressions were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to group II, our results showed that in group IV (1) there were significantly higher numbers of implanted embryos, (2) the endometrial glands and vasculatures in stroma were obviously increased and the pinopodes were abundant and well developed, and (3) the local levels of cytokines leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and oncostatin M (OSM) messenger RNA and protein expression were significantly increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Local mechanical injury on mouse uteri enhanced endometrial receptivity and improved embryo implantation, which were correlated with the characteristic changes in endometrial morphology and the upregulation of LIF and OSM gene and protein expression.
authors: Family Planning Research Institute, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors: Xiao-Hui
authors: XH
authors: Zhang
authors: Family Planning Research Institute, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors: Zhao-Zhao
authors: ZZ
authors: Liu
authors: Family Planning Research Institute, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors: Mao-Xing
authors: MX
authors: Tang
authors: Family Planning Research Institute, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors: Yong-Hong
authors: YH
authors: Zhang
authors: Family Planning Research Institute, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors: Lian
authors: L
authors: Hu
authors: Family Planning Research Institute, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China aihua_liao@sina.com.
authors: Ai-Hua
authors: AH
authors: Liao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D010064:Embryo Implantation; D004717:Endometrium / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D005865:Gestational Age; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D053683:Oncostatin M / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; C507838:Lif protein, mouse; C508352:Osm protein, mouse; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D053683:Oncostatin M
keywords: endometrial receptivity; leukemia inhibitory factor; local endometrial injury; mouse model; oncostatin M