title: Evaluation of pain and its effect on quality of life and functioning in men with spinal cord injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pain is one of the most important consequences of spinal cord injury (SCI). It may affect several aspects of life, especially the quality of life (QoL). Hence, this study was conducted to establish an understanding of pain and its correlates and effects on patients with SCI in our community.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional study, 58 male veterans suffering from SCI were admitted to our center for a regular follow-up. Demographic and SCI-related descriptive information were gathered using a self-reported questionnaire. To evaluate the patients' pain quality and the effect of pain on daily life, a questionnaire in 3 parts of lumbar, cervical and shoulder pain was administered. EuroQoL questionnaire and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) 12 were also used to assess the patients' QoL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the participants was 45.91 ± 6.69 with mean injury time of 25.54 ± 5.91. forty-four patients (75.9%) reported pain, including lumbar pain (63%), cervical pain (39%) and shoulder pain (51%). The presence of pain was associated with lower QoL. Patients with lumbar pain reported a significant amount of pain affecting their daily life and this effect was higher in patients with lower GHQ score or anxiety/depressive disorder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Musculoskeletal pain, is a common complaint in veterans with SCI and is inversely associated with functioning and general health status. Lumbar and shoulder pain affects patient's daily living more than cervical pain.
authors: Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Marzieh
authors: M
authors: Hassanijirdehi
authors: Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Mohammad
authors: M
authors: Khak
authors: Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Sohrab
authors: S
authors: Afshari-Mirak
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Kourosh
authors: K
authors: Holakouie-Naieni
authors: Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center (STSRC), Tehran University Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Soheil
authors: S
authors: Saadat
authors: Shafa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam-Ol-Anbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Taher
authors: T
authors: Taheri
authors: Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center (STSRC), Tehran University Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ; Department of Neurosurgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Vafa
authors: V
authors: Rahimi-Movaghar
keywords: Anxiety; Back pain; Depressive disorder; Musculoskeletal pain; Neck pain; Quality of life; Questionnaires; Shoulder pain; Spinal cord injury