title: Vaccines for visceral leishmaniasis: A review.
abstract: Visceral leishmaniasis, which is also known as Kala-Azar, is one of the most severely neglected tropical diseases recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO). The threat of this debilitating disease continues due to unavailability of promising drug therapy or human vaccine. An extensive research is undergoing to develop a promising vaccine to prevent this devastating disease. In this review we compiled the findings of recent research with a view to facilitate knowledge on experimental vaccinology for visceral leishmaniasis. Various killed or attenuated parasite based first generation vaccines, second generation vaccines based on antigenic protein or recombinant protein, and third generation vaccines derived from antigen-encoding DNA plasmids including heterologous prime-boost Leishmania vaccine have been examined for control and prevention of visceral leishmaniasis. Vaccines based on recombinant protein and antigen-encoding DNA plasmids have given promising results and few vaccines including Leishmune®, Leishtec, and CaniLeish® have been licensed for canine visceral leishmaniasis. A systematic investigation of these vaccine candidates can lead to development of promising vaccine for human visceral leishmaniasis, most probably in the near future.
authors: Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India. Electronic address: keertijain02@gmail.com.
authors: Keerti
authors: K
authors: Jain
authors: Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India. Electronic address: jnarendr@yahoo.co.in.
authors: N K
authors: NK
authors: Jain
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000276:immunology; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004285:Dogs; D006801:Humans; D007893:Leishmania donovani / Q000276:immunology*; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D058069:Neglected Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000276:immunology; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000276:immunology; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic
keywords: Antigen; Immune response; Protein; Vaccine; Visceral leishmaniasis