title: Chemoprevention targets for tobacco-related head and neck cancer: past lessons and future directions.
abstract: Progress toward identifying an effective chemopreventive agent to reduce the incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been limited by poor efficacy and intolerable toxicity profiles. In this review, we summarize the biological basis of HNSCC chemoprevention, and outline challenges associated with identifying appropriate high-risk HNSCC populations for chemoprevention studies. We discuss findings and lessons learned from clinical trials that have investigated micronutrient and molecular targeting interventions. Finally, we introduce the concept of green chemoprevention, interventions based upon whole plant foods or simple extracts that may represent a safe and cost-conscious option for the next generation of studies. As our scientific understanding of HNSCC reaches new levels, the field is poised to develop chemoprevention studies based on rigorous biological validation with accessibility to all affected individuals regardless of socioeconomic barriers.
authors: Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, United States.
authors: Siddharth H
authors: SH
authors: Sheth
authors: Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, United States; Departments of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, United States.
authors: Daniel E
authors: DE
authors: Johnson
authors: Departments of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, United States.
authors: Thomas W
authors: TW
authors: Kensler
authors: Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, United States. Electronic address: baumanje@upmc.edu.
authors: Julie E
authors: JE
authors: Bauman
mesh_terms: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001688:Biological Products / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018890:Chemoprevention / Q000379:methods*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D001688:Biological Products; D018977:Micronutrients
keywords: COX-2; Chemoprevention; EGFR; Green tea; Head and neck cancer; Oral premalignant lesion; Phytochemical; Retinoid; Sulforaphane