title: New anthropometry-based age- and sex-specific reference values for urinary 24-hour creatinine excretion based on the adult Swiss population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urinary creatinine excretion is used as a marker of completeness of timed urine collections, which are a keystone of several metabolic evaluations in clinical investigations and epidemiological surveys.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data from two independent Swiss cross-sectional population-based studies with standardised 24-hour urinary collection and measured anthropometric variables. Only data from adults of European descent, with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and reported completeness of the urinary collection were retained. A linear regression model was developed to predict centiles of the 24-hour urinary creatinine excretion in 1,137 participants from the Swiss Survey on Salt and validated in 994 participants from the Swiss Kidney Project on Genes in Hypertension.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean urinary creatinine excretion was 193 ± 41 μmol/kg/24 hours in men and 151 ± 38 μmol/kg/24 hours in women in the Swiss Survey on Salt. The values were inversely correlated with age and body mass index (BMI).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We propose a validated prediction equation for 24-hour urinary creatinine excretion in the general European population, based on readily available variables such as age, sex and BMI, and a few derived normograms to ease its clinical application. This should help healthcare providers to interpret the completeness of a 24-hour urine collection in daily clinical practice and in epidemiological population studies.
authors: Valentina
authors: V
authors: Forni Ogna
authors: Adam
authors: A
authors: Ogna
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Vuistiner
authors: Menno
authors: M
authors: Pruijm
authors: Belen
authors: B
authors: Ponte
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Ackermann
authors: Luca
authors: L
authors: Gabutti
authors: Nima
authors: N
authors: Vakilzadeh
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Mohaupt
authors: Pierre-Yves
authors: PY
authors: Martin
authors: Idris
authors: I
authors: Guessous
authors: Antoinette
authors: A
authors: Péchère-Bertschi
authors: Fred
authors: F
authors: Paccaud
authors: Murielle
authors: M
authors: Bochud
authors: Michel
authors: M
authors: Burnier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D013557:Switzerland; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003404:Creatinine