title: Salinity regulation of the interaction of halovirus SNJ1 with its host and alteration of the halovirus replication strategy to adapt to the variable ecosystem.
abstract: Halovirus is a major force that affects the evolution of extreme halophiles and the biogeochemistry of hypersaline environments. However, until now, the systematic studies on the halovirus ecology and the effects of salt concentration on virus-host systems are lacking. To provide more valuable information for understanding ecological strategies of a virus-host system in the hypersaline ecosystem, we studied the interaction between halovirus SNJ1 and its host Natrinema sp.J7-2 under various NaCl concentrations. We found that the adsorption rate and lytic rate increased with salt concentration, demonstrating that a higher salt concentration promoted viral adsorption and proliferation. Contrary to the lytic rate, the lysogenic rate decreased as the salt concentration increased. Our results also demonstrated that cells incubated at a high salt concentration prior to infection increased the ability of the virus to adsorb and lyse its host cells; therefore, the physiological status of host cells also affected the virus-host interaction. In conclusion, SNJ1 acted as a predator, lysing host cells and releasing progeny viruses in hypersaline environments; in low salt environments, viruses lysogenized host cells to escape the damage from low salinity.
authors: School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors: Yunjun
authors: Y
authors: Mei
authors: School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors: Congcong
authors: C
authors: He
authors: School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors: Yongchi
authors: Y
authors: Huang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors: Ziqian
authors: Z
authors: Zhang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors: Xiangdong
authors: X
authors: Chen
authors: State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors: Ping
authors: P
authors: Shen
mesh_terms: D004261:DNA Replication / Q000187:drug effects; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017753:Ecosystem; D019605:Euryarchaeota / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure / Q000821:virology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000187:drug effects*; D008242:Lysogeny / Q000187:drug effects; D054712:Salinity; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014713:Viruses, Unclassified / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D012965:Sodium Chloride