title: Neutrino and cosmic-ray emission from multiple internal shocks in gamma-ray bursts.
abstract: Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are short-lived, luminous explosions at cosmological distances, thought to originate from relativistic jets launched at the deaths of massive stars. They are among the prime candidates to produce the observed cosmic rays at the highest energies. Recent neutrino data have, however, started to constrain this possibility in the simplest models with only one emission zone. In the classical theory of GRBs, it is expected that particles are accelerated at mildly relativistic shocks generated by the collisions of material ejected from a central engine. Here we consider neutrino and cosmic-ray emission from multiple emission regions since these internal collisions must occur at very different radii, from below the photosphere all the way out to the circumburst medium, as a consequence of the efficient dissipation of kinetic energy. We demonstrate that the different messengers originate from different collision radii, which means that multi-messenger observations open windows for revealing the evolving GRB outflows.
authors: 1] Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics (CCAPP), The Ohio State University, 191 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA [2] DESY, Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany [3] Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
authors: Mauricio
authors: M
authors: Bustamante
authors: 1] Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Center for Particle and Gravitational Astrophysics, Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos, Pennsylvania State University, 525 Davey Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA [2] Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, 525 Davey Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
authors: Philipp
authors: P
authors: Baerwald
authors: 1] Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Center for Particle and Gravitational Astrophysics, Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos, Pennsylvania State University, 525 Davey Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA [2] Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, 525 Davey Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA [3] Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA.
authors: Kohta
authors: K
authors: Murase
authors: DESY, Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.
authors: Walter
authors: W
authors: Winter