title: A combination of probiotics and whey proteins enhances anti-obesity effects of calcium and dairy products during nutritional energy restriction in aP2-agouti transgenic mice.
abstract: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillus paracasei TMC0409, Streptococcus thermophilus TMC1543 and whey proteins were used to prepare fermented milk. For the experiment aP2- agouti transgenic mice were pre-treated with a high-sucrose/high-fat diet for 6 weeks to induce obesity. The obese mice were fed a diet containing 1·2% Ca and either non-fat dried milk (NFDM) or probiotic-fermented milk (PFM) with nutritional energy restriction for 6 weeks. The animals were examined after the treatment for changes in body weight, fat pad weight, fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity, lypolysis, the expression levels of genes related to lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity in adipocytes and skeletal muscle and the presence of biomarkers for oxidative and inflammatory stress in plasma. It was found that the PFM diet significantly reduced body weight, fat accumulation, and adipocyte FAS activity, and increased adipocyte lipolysis as compared with the effects of the NFDM diet (P<0·05). The adipose tissue gene expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1) was significantly suppressed in mice that were fed PFM as compared with those that were fed NFDM (P<0·05). PFM caused a greater up-regulation of skeletal muscle PPARα, PPARδ, uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) and GLUT4 expression and a significant decrease in the plasma concentration of insulin, malondialdehyde, TNF-α, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and C-reactive protein as compared with the effects of NFDM (P<0·05). Fermentation of milk with selected probiotics and supplementation of milk with whey proteins may thus enhance anti-obesity effects of Ca and dairy products by the suppression of adipose tissue lipogenesis, activation of fat oxidation in skeletal muscle and reduction of oxidative and inflammatory stress.
authors: Technical Research Laboratory, Takanashi Milk Products Company Limited,Yokohama, Kanagawa241-0023,Japan.
authors: Kazutoyo
authors: K
authors: Yoda
authors: Nutrition Institute, The University of Tennessee,Knoxville,TN37996-1920,USA.
authors: Xiaocum
authors: X
authors: Sun
authors: Technical Research Laboratory, Takanashi Milk Products Company Limited,Yokohama, Kanagawa241-0023,Japan.
authors: Manabu
authors: M
authors: Kawase
authors: Technical Research Laboratory, Takanashi Milk Products Company Limited,Yokohama, Kanagawa241-0023,Japan.
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Kubota
authors: Technical Research Laboratory, Takanashi Milk Products Company Limited,Yokohama, Kanagawa241-0023,Japan.
authors: Kenji
authors: K
authors: Miyazawa
authors: Technical Research Laboratory, Takanashi Milk Products Company Limited,Yokohama, Kanagawa241-0023,Japan.
authors: Gaku
authors: G
authors: Harata
authors: Technical Research Laboratory, Takanashi Milk Products Company Limited,Yokohama, Kanagawa241-0023,Japan.
authors: Masataka
authors: M
authors: Hosoda
authors: Technical Research Laboratory, Takanashi Milk Products Company Limited,Yokohama, Kanagawa241-0023,Japan.
authors: Masaru
authors: M
authors: Hiramatsu
authors: Technical Research Laboratory, Takanashi Milk Products Company Limited,Yokohama, Kanagawa241-0023,Japan.
authors: Fang
authors: F
authors: He
authors: Nutrition Institute, The University of Tennessee,Knoxville,TN37996-1920,USA.
authors: Michael B
authors: MB
authors: Zemel
mesh_terms: D043205:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood; D003611:Dairy Products; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047494:PPAR delta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D000071247:Uncoupling Protein 3; D015854:Up-Regulation; D015431:Weight Loss; D000067816:Whey Proteins
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007328:Insulin; D007473:Ion Channels; D008894:Milk Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D047493:PPAR alpha; D047494:PPAR delta; C495693:Slc2a4 protein, mouse; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C000604393:Ucp3 protein, mouse; D000071247:Uncoupling Protein 3; D000067816:Whey Proteins; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D043205:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1
keywords: Lactobacillus paracasei TMC0409; Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG; Nutritional energy restriction; Obesity; Streptococcus thermophilus TMC1543