title: Exposure to Allergen Causes Changes in NTS Neural Activities after Intratracheal Capsaicin Application, in Endocannabinoid Levels and in the Glia Morphology of NTS.
abstract: Allergen exposure may induce changes in the brainstem secondary neurons, with neural sensitization of the nucleus solitary tract (NTS), which in turn can be considered one of the causes of the airway hyperresponsiveness, a characteristic feature of asthma. We evaluated neurofunctional, morphological, and biochemical changes in the NTS of naive or sensitized rats. To evaluate the cell firing activity of NTS, in vivo electrophysiological experiments were performed before and after capsaicin challenge in sensitized or naive rats. Immunohistochemical studies, endocannabinoid, and palmitoylethanolamide quantification in the NTS were also performed. This study provides evidence that allergen sensitization in the NTS induced: (1) increase in the neural firing response to intratracheal capsaicin application, (2) increase of endocannabinoid anandamide and palmitoylethanolamide, a reduction of 2-arachidonoylglycerol levels in the NTS, (3) glial cell activation, and (4) prevention by a Group III metabotropic glutamate receptor activation of neural firing response to intratracheal application of capsaicin in both naïve and sensitized rats. Therefore, normalization of ovalbumin-induced NTS neural sensitization could open up the prospect of new treatments based on the recovery of specific brain nuclei function and for extensive studies on acute or long-term efficacy of selective mGlu ligand, in models of bronchial hyperreactivity.
authors: Endocannabinoid Research Group, Section of Pharmacology, "L. Donatelli," Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy.
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Spaziano
authors: Endocannabinoid Research Group, Section of Pharmacology, "L. Donatelli," Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy.
authors: Livio
authors: 0000-0002-1949-2039
authors: L
authors: Luongo
authors: Endocannabinoid Research Group, Section of Pharmacology, "L. Donatelli," Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy.
authors: Francesca
authors: 0000-0003-0759-9602
authors: F
authors: Guida
authors: Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy.
authors: Stefania
authors: S
authors: Petrosino
authors: Endocannabinoid Research Group, Section of Pharmacology, "L. Donatelli," Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Matteis
authors: Department of Anaesthesiology, Surgery and Emergency, Second University of Naples, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy.
authors: Enza
authors: E
authors: Palazzo
authors: Endocannabinoid Research Group, Section of Pharmacology, "L. Donatelli," Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy.
authors: Nikol
authors: N
authors: Sullo
authors: Endocannabinoid Research Group, Section of Pharmacology, "L. Donatelli," Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy.
authors: Vito
authors: V
authors: de Novellis
authors: Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy.
authors: Vincenzo
authors: 0000-0002-1490-3070
authors: V
authors: Di Marzo
authors: Endocannabinoid Research Group, Section of Pharmacology, "L. Donatelli," Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy.
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Rossi
authors: Endocannabinoid Research Group, Section of Pharmacology, "L. Donatelli," Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy ; Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy.
authors: Sabatino
authors: S
authors: Maione
authors: Endocannabinoid Research Group, Section of Pharmacology, "L. Donatelli," Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy.
authors: Bruno
authors: B
authors: D'Agostino
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000633:toxicity*; D000577:Amides; D000818:Animals; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D001249:Asthma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D063388:Endocannabinoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005989:Glycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010169:Palmitic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011422:Propionates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051381:Rats; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate / Q000378:metabolism; D012130:Respiratory Hypersensitivity / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017552:Solitary Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C114785:2-amino-4-phosphono-propinate; D000485:Allergens; D000577:Amides; D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D004983:Ethanolamines; D005989:Glycerides; D010169:Palmitic Acids; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; D011422:Propionates; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate; C005958:palmidrol; C094503:glyceryl 2-arachidonate; D002211:Capsaicin; C078814:anandamide