title: Intake of energy-dense snack foods and drinks among Dutch children aged 7-12 years: how many, how much, when, where and which?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the energy-dense snack food (EDSF) and energy-dense drink (EDD) consumption of children in the Netherlands and investigate subgroup differences. The amounts consumed, eating occasions, places of consumption and consumed types are reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four hour dietary recall data were used to describe the EDSF and EDD consumption. Subgroup differences concerning these intakes were identified with ANCOVA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children (n 860) aged 7-12 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean number of EDSF events was 3·3 (sd 1·6) per day, yielding 1569·7 (sd 928·7) kJ. Average EDD consumption was 594·2 (sd 342·3) ml/d, yielding 737·2 (sd 495·9) kJ. Over 90 % of the children consumed more energy from non-core foods per day than recommended. Differences in EDSF and EDD consumption were found between several subgroups. Most importantly, we found higher intakes among older children and children with low educated mothers. Almost half of the EDSF events took place in the afternoon and at home. Cookies and sweets were consumed during half of the EDSF events. Almost one-third of the EDD were consumed in the afternoon. The majority of these drinks were consumed at home and most were soft drinks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrate that snack food and drink consumption is highly prevalent among Dutch children. Health promotion efforts addressing these behaviours are warranted and the present study could accelerate these initiatives. Focusing on children with low educated parents and on snacking at home after school offers the greatest potential to reduce snack food and drink intakes.
authors: 1Department of Health Promotion,NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism,Maastricht University Medical Centre+,PO Box 616,6200 MD Maastricht,The Netherlands.
authors: Dorus W M
authors: DW
authors: Gevers
authors: 1Department of Health Promotion,NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism,Maastricht University Medical Centre+,PO Box 616,6200 MD Maastricht,The Netherlands.
authors: Stef P J
authors: SP
authors: Kremers
authors: 1Department of Health Promotion,NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism,Maastricht University Medical Centre+,PO Box 616,6200 MD Maastricht,The Netherlands.
authors: Nanne K
authors: NK
authors: de Vries
authors: 1Department of Health Promotion,NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism,Maastricht University Medical Centre+,PO Box 616,6200 MD Maastricht,The Netherlands.
authors: Patricia
authors: P
authors: van Assema
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D009426:Netherlands; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D012574:Schools; D062410:Snacks; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
keywords: Children; Dietary intake; Energy-dense drinks; Energy-dense snack foods