title: Hepatitis C virus and antiviral innate immunity: who wins at tug-of-war?
abstract: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major human pathogen of chronic hepatitis and related liver diseases. Innate immunity is the first line of defense against invading foreign pathogens, and its activation is dependent on the recognition of these pathogens by several key sensors. The interferon (IFN) system plays an essential role in the restriction of HCV infection via the induction of hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) that inhibit viral replication and spread. However, numerous factors that trigger immune dysregulation, including viral factors and host genetic factors, can help HCV to escape host immune response, facilitating viral persistence. In this review, we aim to summarize recent advances in understanding the innate immune response to HCV infection and the mechanisms of ISGs to suppress viral survival, as well as the immune evasion strategies for chronic HCV infection.
authors: Da-Rong Yang, Hai-Zhen Zhu, Department of Molecular Medicine of College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan Province, China.
authors: Da-Rong
authors: DR
authors: Yang
authors: Da-Rong Yang, Hai-Zhen Zhu, Department of Molecular Medicine of College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan Province, China.
authors: Hai-Zhen
authors: HZ
authors: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D057131:Immune Evasion; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D050835:Interferon Regulatory Factors / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007372:Interferons / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D050835:Interferon Regulatory Factors; D007372:Interferons
keywords: Cell culture system for hepatitis C virus; Chronic hepatitis; Hepatitis C virus; Immune evasion; Interferon; Interferon-stimulated gene; RIG-I; Toll-like receptor; Virus-host interaction