title: Influence of kaempferol, a flavonoid compound, on membrane-bound ATPases in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Kaempferol is a flavonoid found in many edible plants (e.g. tea, cabbage, beans, tomato, strawberries, and grapes) and in plants or botanical products commonly used in traditional medicine. Numerous preclinical studies have shown that kaempferol have a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and antidiabetic activities.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study investigates the effect of kaempferol on membrane-bound ATPases in erythrocytes and in liver, kidney, and heart of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diabetes was induced into adult male albino rats of the Wistar strain, by intraperitoneal administration of STZ (40 mg/kg body weight (BW)). Kaempferol (100 mg/kg BW) or glibenclamide (600 µg/kg BW) was administered orally once daily for 45 d to normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats. The effects of kaempferol on membrane-bound ATPases (total ATPase, Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, Ca(2+)-ATPase, and Mg(2+)-ATPase) activity in erythrocytes and in liver, kidney, and heart were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In our study, diabetic rats had significantly (p < 0.05) decreased activities of total ATPases, Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, Ca(2+)-ATPase, and Mg(2+)-ATPase in erythrocytes and tissues. Oral administration of kaempferol (100 mg/kg BW) or glibenclamide (600 µg/kg BW) for a period of 45 d resulted in significant (p < 0.05) reversal of these enzymes' activities to near normal in erythrocytes and tissues when compared with diabetic control rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, obtained results indicate that administration of kaempferol has the potential to restore deranged activity of membrane-bound ATPases in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Further detailed investigation is necessary to discover kaempferol's action mechanism.
authors: Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia.
authors: Khalid S
authors: KS
authors: Al-Numair
authors: Chinnadurai
authors: C
authors: Veeramani
authors: Mohammed A
authors: MA
authors: Alsaif
authors: Govindasamy
authors: G
authors: Chandramohan
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D017301:Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase / Q000378:metabolism; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D005905:Glyburide / Q000494:pharmacology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044949:Kaempferols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D044949:Kaempferols; C006552:kaempferol; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D017301:Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D005905:Glyburide
keywords: Albino Wistar rats; Ca2+-ATPase; Mg2+-ATPase; Na+/K+-ATPase; diabetes; total ATPase