title: The multidimensional nature of antiviral innate immunity.
abstract: Viruses possess elaborate defensive mechanisms to evade host innate immune responses. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Stavrou et al. (2015) reveal how the murine leukemia virus uses a sugar-protein shield to protect from inevitable destruction by cellular innate immune factors including the APOBEC3 DNA mutating enzyme.
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Institute for Molecular Virology, Center for Genome Engineering, and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. Electronic address: rsh@umn.edu.
authors: Reuben S
authors: RS
authors: Harris
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Center for Structural Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
authors: Fred W
authors: FW
authors: Perrino
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Institute for Molecular Virology, Center for Genome Engineering, and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors: Nadine M
authors: NM
authors: Shaban
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase / Q000378:metabolism*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000378:metabolism*; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D009052:Leukemia Virus, Murine / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D016899:Interferon-beta; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase