title: Autophagy and liver ischemia-reperfusion injury.
abstract: Liver ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury occurs during liver resection, liver transplantation, and hemorrhagic shock. The main mode of liver cell death after warm and/or cold liver I-R is necrosis, but other modes of cell death, as apoptosis and autophagy, are also involved. Autophagy is an intracellular self-digesting pathway responsible for removal of long-lived proteins, damaged organelles, and malformed proteins during biosynthesis by lysosomes. Autophagy is found in normal and diseased liver. Although depending on the type of ischemia, warm and/or cold, the dynamic process of liver I-R results mainly in adenosine triphosphate depletion and in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leads to both, a local ischemic insult and an acute inflammatory-mediated reperfusion injury, and results finally in cell death. This process can induce liver dysfunction and can increase patient morbidity and mortality after liver surgery and hemorrhagic shock. Whether autophagy protects from or promotes liver injury following warm and/or cold I-R remains to be elucidated. The present review aims to summarize the current knowledge in liver I-R injury focusing on both the beneficial and the detrimental effects of liver autophagy following warm and/or cold liver I-R.
authors: Service de Chirurgie Digestive et Transplantation Hépatique, Hôpital l'Archet 2, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, 151 route Saint Antoine de Ginestière, 06200 Nice Cedex 3, France ; Inserm U1065-C3M, Equipe 2, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, 06204 Nice Cedex 3, France.
authors: Raffaele
authors: 0000-0002-7815-6983
authors: R
authors: Cursio
authors: Inserm U1065-C3M, Equipe 2, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, 06204 Nice Cedex 3, France.
authors: Pascal
authors: 0000-0002-5848-6053
authors: P
authors: Colosetti
authors: Service de Chirurgie Digestive et Transplantation Hépatique, Hôpital l'Archet 2, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, 151 route Saint Antoine de Ginestière, 06200 Nice Cedex 3, France.
authors: Jean
authors: 0000-0002-2624-3014
authors: J
authors: Gugenheim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000473:pathology; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000473:pathology*