title: Anticancer effect of 2,7-dihydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone on human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  2,7-Dihydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone (DDMN) is reported to have a remarkable anticancer activity against gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to study the anticancer effect and mechanism of DDMN on SGC-7901 cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The MTT assay was used to determine the effect of DDMN on cell viability of SGC-7901 cells, and the cytotoxic effect was evaluated by the IC50 value. After treatment with different doses of DDMN (10, 20, and 40 μM) for 48 h, flow cytometry was used to investigate the apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells induced by DDMN. Further, western blotting was performed to study anticancer mechanism by assaying apoptosis-related proteins containing Mcl-1, Bcl-xl, Bcl-2, Bax, Bak, Bad, cytochrome c, caspase-3, and caspase-9. Finally, xenograft assay was used to further evaluate the effect of DDMN on SGC-7901 cells by determining body weight of nude mice, tumor volumes, and apoptosis-related proteins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These results suggest that DDMN can significantly inhibit (IC50 value = 20.92 μM) the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells and induce apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells demonstrated by flow cytometry analysis. Additionally, the results of western blotting indicated that DDMN can suppress the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-xl and Bcl-2, increase the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, Bad (40 μM), caspase-3 and caspase-9, and evidently promote the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm. The xenograft assay further confirmed that DDMN had significant anticancer effects on SGC-7901 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DDMN had significant anticancer effect on SGC-7901 cells in vitro and in vivo related to mitochondria-mediated apoptosis.
authors: a Department of Gastric Surgery , Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute , Shenyang , PR China.
authors: Haitao
authors: H
authors: Zhu
authors: a Department of Gastric Surgery , Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute , Shenyang , PR China.
authors: Zhichao
authors: Z
authors: Zheng
authors: a Department of Gastric Surgery , Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute , Shenyang , PR China.
authors: Jianjun
authors: J
authors: Zhang
authors: a Department of Gastric Surgery , Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute , Shenyang , PR China.
authors: Xiaoping
authors: X
authors: Liu
authors: a Department of Gastric Surgery , Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute , Shenyang , PR China.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: a Department of Gastric Surgery , Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute , Shenyang , PR China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Yang
authors: a Department of Gastric Surgery , Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute , Shenyang , PR China.
authors: Yong
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: a Department of Gastric Surgery , Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute , Shenyang , PR China.
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Zhang
authors: a Department of Gastric Surgery , Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute , Shenyang , PR China.
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Zhao
authors: a Department of Gastric Surgery , Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute , Shenyang , PR China.
authors: Yanqing
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: a Department of Gastric Surgery , Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute , Shenyang , PR China.
authors: Xiaohui
authors: X
authors: Su
authors: a Department of Gastric Surgery , Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute , Shenyang , PR China.
authors: Xiaohu
authors: X
authors: Gu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D032064:Hedyotis / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: C000610950:2,7-dihydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone; D000880:Anthraquinones; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal
keywords: Apoptosis; Hedyotidis diffusae herba; western blotting; xenograft