title: Rotavirus strain surveillance for three years following the introduction of rotavirus vaccine into Belém, Brazil.
abstract: The monovalent human rotavirus (RV) vaccine, RIX4414 (Rotarix™, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals) was introduced into Brazil's Expanded Program on Immunization in March 2006. One year after vaccine introduction, the G2P[4] strain was found to be predominant, with an apparent extinction of many non-G2 strains. This study investigated the diversity of circulating strains in the three years following RIX4414 introduction. Between May 2008 and May 2011, stool samples were collected from children aged ≥12 weeks who were hospitalized for severe lab confirmed RV-gastroenteritis (≥3 liquid or semi-liquid motions over a 24-h period for <14 days, requiring ≥1 overnight hospital stay and intravenous rehydration therapy) in Belém, Brazil. RV-gastroenteritis was detected by ELISA and the G- and P-types were determined by RT-PCR assays. During the first year of surveillance nucleotide sequencing was used for typing those samples not previously typed by RT-PCR. A total of 1,726 of 10,030 severe gastroentertis hospitalizations (17.2%) were due to severe RVGE. G2P[4] was detected in 57.2% of circulating strains over the whole study period, however it predominated during the first 20 months from May 2008 to January 2009. G1P[8] increased in the last part of the study period from May 2010 to May 2011 and represented 36.6% (112/306) of the circulating strains. G2P[4] was the predominant RV strain circulating during the first 20 months of the study, followed by G1P[8]. These findings probably reflect a natural fluctuation in RV strains over time, rather than a vaccine-induced selective pressure.
authors: Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Belém, Brazil.
authors: Sylvia F S
authors: SF
authors: Guerra
authors: Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Belém, Brazil.
authors: Alexandre C
authors: AC
authors: Linhares
authors: Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Belém, Brazil.
authors: Joana D'Arc P
authors: JD
authors: Mascarenhas
authors: Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Belém, Brazil.
authors: Alessilva
authors: A
authors: Oliveira
authors: Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Belém, Brazil.
authors: Maria Cleonice A
authors: MC
authors: Justino
authors: Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Belém, Brazil.
authors: Luana S
authors: LS
authors: Soares
authors: Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Belém, Brazil.
authors: Elza Caroline
authors: EC
authors: Müller
authors: Clinical Research Institute Evandro Chagas, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors: Patrícia
authors: P
authors: Brasil
authors: GlaxoSmithKline, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors: Suely
authors: S
authors: Tuboi
authors: GlaxoSmithKline, Panama, Panama.
authors: Eduardo
authors: E
authors: Ortega-Barria
authors: GlaxoSmithKline, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors: Rómulo
authors: R
authors: Colindres
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: C492457:RIX4414 vaccine; D012367:RNA, Viral; D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated
keywords: Belém, Brazil; gastroenteritis; genotypes; post-vaccination; rotavirus