title: Solomon Islands largest hawksbill turtle rookery shows signs of recovery after 150 years of excessive exploitation.
abstract: The largest rookery for hawksbill turtles in the oceanic South Pacific is the Arnavon Islands, which are located in the Manning Strait between Isabel and Choiseul Province, Solomon Islands. The history of this rookery is one of overexploitation, conflict and violence. Throughout the 1800s Roviana headhunters from New Georgia repeatedly raided the Manning Strait to collect hawksbill shell which they traded with European whalers. By the 1970s the Arnavons hawksbill population was in severe decline and the national government intervened, declaring the Arnavons a sanctuary in 1976. But this government led initiative was short lived, with traditional owners burning down the government infrastructure and resuming intensive harvesting in 1982. In 1991 routine beach monitoring and turtle tagging commenced at the Arnavons along with extensive community consultations regarding the islands' future, and in 1995 the Arnavon Community Marine Conservation Area (ACMCA) was established. Around the same time national legislation banning the sale of all turtle products was passed. This paper represents the first analysis of data from 4536 beach surveys and 845 individual turtle tagging histories obtained from the Arnavons between 1991-2012. Our results and the results of others, reveal that many of the hawksbill turtles that nest at the ACMCA forage in distant Australian waters, and that nesting on the Arnavons occurs throughout the year with peak nesting activity coinciding with the austral winter. Our results also provide the first known evidence of recovery for a western pacific hawksbill rookery, with the number of nests laid at the ACMCA and the remigration rates of turtles doubling since the establishment of the ACMCA in 1995. The Arnavons case study provides an example of how changes in policy, inclusive community-based management and long term commitment can turn the tide for one of the most charismatic and endangered species on our planet.
authors: The Nature Conservancy, Asia Pacific Division, 245 Riverside Drive, West End, Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
authors: Richard J
authors: RJ
authors: Hamilton
authors: School of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.
authors: Tomas
authors: T
authors: Bird
authors: The Nature Conservancy, Solomon Islands Field Office, PO Box 759, Honiara, Solomon Islands.
authors: Collin
authors: C
authors: Gereniu
authors: The Nature Conservancy, Isabel Environmental Office, Buala, Isabel Province, Solomon Islands.
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Pita
authors: ADB Coral Triangle of the Pacific Project, Ministry of Environment, Climate Change, Disaster Management & Meteorology, Honiara, Solomon Islands.
authors: Peter C
authors: PC
authors: Ramohia
authors: Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Walter
authors: The Nature Conservancy, Asia Pacific Division, 245 Riverside Drive, West End, Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia; Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
authors: Clara
authors: C
authors: Goerlich
authors: Threatened Species Unit, Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Queensland Government, 41 Boggo Rd., Dutton Park, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia.
authors: Colin
authors: C
authors: Limpus
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D056727:Endangered Species; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008542:Melanesia; D010140:Pacific Ocean; D014426:Turtles / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial