title: Protic-salt-derived nitrogen/sulfur-codoped mesoporous carbon for the oxygen reduction reaction and supercapacitors.
abstract: Nitrogen/sulfur-co-doped mesoporous carbon (Phen-HS) was obtained through direct carbonization of a single protic salt, that is, 1,10-phenanthrolinium dibisulfate ([Phen][2 HSO4 ]), in the presence of a colloidal silica template without the use of additional acid or metal catalysts for prepolymerization prior to carbonization. Phen-HS was prepared in a relatively high yield (30.0 %) and has a large surface area (1161 m(2)  g(-1) ), large pore volume (2.490 cm(3)  g(-1) ), large mesopores (≈12 nm), narrow pore-size distribution (7-16 nm), and high nitrogen (7.5 at %) and sulfur (1.3 at %) contents. The surface area/pore-size distribution is much higher/narrower than that of most reported carbon materials obtained from traditional precursors by using the same template. Phen-HS was directly used as an electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and as an electrode material for supercapacitors. As an efficient metal-free catalyst, Phen-HS exhibited good electrocatalytic activity toward the ORR in a 0.1 M KOH aqueous solution, which is comparable to the activity of a commercial Pt/C catalyst. Electrochemical measurements for Phen-HS used in a double-layer capacitor showed high specific capacitances of 160 and 140 F g(-1) in 1 M H2 SO4 and 6 M KOH, respectively, with good rate capabilities and high cycling stabilities.
authors: Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501 (Japan) http://mwatalab.xsrv.jp/
authors: Shiguo
authors: S
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501 (Japan) http://mwatalab.xsrv.jp/
authors: Ai
authors: A
authors: Ikoma
authors: Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501 (Japan) http://mwatalab.xsrv.jp/
authors: Kazuhide
authors: K
authors: Ueno
authors: Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501 (Japan) http://mwatalab.xsrv.jp/
authors: Zhengjian
authors: Z
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501 (Japan) http://mwatalab.xsrv.jp/
authors: Kaoru
authors: K
authors: Dokko
authors: Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501 (Japan) http://mwatalab.xsrv.jp/. mwatanab@ynu.ac.jp.
authors: Masayoshi
authors: M
authors: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D025802:Electric Capacitance; D004563:Electrochemistry; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry*; D010618:Phenanthrolines / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D013455:Sulfur / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010618:Phenanthrolines; D013455:Sulfur; D002244:Carbon; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D009584:Nitrogen; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: mesoporous materials; oxygen reduction reaction; phenanthrolinium dibisulfate; protic salts; supercapacitors