title: Poultry enteric inflammation model with dextran sodium sulfate mediated chemical induction and feed restriction in broilers.
abstract: Gut inflammation is a cardinal event occurring in various gastrointestinal diseases regardless of etiology. A potential mechanism of action for antibiotic growth promoters and probiotics is alleviation or attenuation of such inflammation. In vivo inflammation models and markers to quantify changes in inflammation, such as paracellular leakage and tight junction function, are necessary tools in the search for methods to reduce enteric inflammation. Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and feed restriction (FRS), and fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d; 3 to 5 kDa) marker were evaluated for induction and assessment of enteric inflammation in broilers. Three independent experiments were conducted where birds received an inflammation inducer treatment and an oral gavage of FITC-d (2.2 mg/bird) 2.5 h before killing on d 4, followed by measurement of serum FITC-d levels and release of FITC-d from different regions of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) to evaluate tight junction function. Experiment 1 tested control (CON) and DSS; Experiments 2 and 3 evaluated CON, DSS, and FRS. In all experiments DSS, as well as FRS in Experiments 2 and 3, showed higher (P<0.05) leakage of FITC-d into serum than CON, but FRS was not different from DSS. The amount of FITC-d retained in duodenal and cecal tissue was affected (P<0.05) by FRS in Experiments 2 and 3, and DSS affected FITC-d retention in duodenum only, suggesting differences in gut passage or absorption/adsorption. In conclusion, DSS oral gavage and FRS could induce leaky gut, with changes in serum FITC-d and migration of FITC-d from GIT.
authors: Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701.
authors: V A
authors: VA
authors: Kuttappan
authors: Departments of Poultry Science and Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843.
authors: L R
authors: LR
authors: Berghman
authors: Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701.
authors: E A
authors: EA
authors: Vicuña
authors: Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701.
authors: J D
authors: JD
authors: Latorre
authors: Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Menconi
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701.
authors: J D
authors: JD
authors: Wolchok
authors: Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701.
authors: A D
authors: AD
authors: Wolfenden
authors: Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701.
authors: O B
authors: OB
authors: Faulkner
authors: Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701.
authors: G I
authors: GI
authors: Tellez
authors: Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701.
authors: B M
authors: BM
authors: Hargis
authors: Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 lbielke@uark.edu.
authors: L R
authors: LR
authors: Bielke
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D031204:Caloric Restriction / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000662:veterinary*; D002645:Chickens; D016264:Dextran Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003911:Dextrans; D004386:Duodenum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology*; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003911:Dextrans; C015219:fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
keywords: FITC-dextran; dextran sodium sulfate; feed withdrawal; gut leakage; inflammation