title: Outcome of kidney transplant with double ureter: a multicenter study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Renal transplant with double ureters is uncommon. However, with increasing numbers of en bloc and dual transplants from marginal donors, we frequently observe 2 ureters for implant. The current study reviewed our experience with 76 double-ureter renal transplants.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective analysis of renal transplant performed in 2 institutes from 1996 to 2011. We recorded the outcomes of renal transplants with double ureters including complications. We compared outcomes with renal transplants with single ureters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Irrespective of the technique used for implant, we recorded no significant risk of complications of double, compared with single, ureter renal transplants. There were no significant differences in patient and graft survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We believe that double-ureter transplant does not require additional risk discussion with the recipient because it is safe. However, when ureteral stents are used, we should ensure that a mechanism is in place for both stents to be removed postoperatively.
authors: From the Transplant Unit, St. George's Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
authors: Abbas
authors: A
authors: Ghazanfar
authors: Mohammad Rafiq
authors: MR
authors: Zaki
authors: Ravi
authors: R
authors: Pararajasingam
authors: Bence
authors: B
authors: Forgacs
authors: Afshin
authors: A
authors: Tavakoli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014513:Ureter / Q000002:abnormalities*