title: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) induces protein oxidation and nitration in brain and liver of chicken: Ameliorative effect of vitamin E.
abstract: The present study was aimed at investigating the therapeutic efficacy of vitamin E on oxidative injury in brain and liver of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) challenged chickens. We have analyzed the xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity; uric acid (UA) levels and superoxide radical generation by using electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Further, protein oxidation, nitration and apoptosis were evaluated in the brain and liver of the control, NDV-infected and NDV+Vit. E treated groups. A significant elevation was observed in XOD activity and UA levels in brain (p<0.001) and liver (p<0.05) of NDV infected birds when compared to controls. Further, significant increase in the production of superoxides, enhanced intracellular protein carbonyls and nitrates were observed in the brain and liver of NDV-infected birds over healthy subjects. Apoptosis studies also suggested that a larger number of TUNEL positive cells were observed in brain and a moderately in liver of NDV-infected chickens. However, all these perturbations were significantly ameliorated in NDV+Vit. E treated chickens as compared to NDV-infected birds. Taken together, our results suggested that NDV-induced neuronal and hepatic damage at least in part mediates oxidative stress and on the other hand, supplementation of vitamin E mitigates NDV-induced oxidative damage thereby protects brain and liver of chickens. These findings could provide new insights into the understanding of NDV pathogenesis and therapeutic effects of dietary antioxidants.
authors: Department of Biotechnology, Dravidian University, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh 517 426, India.
authors: Kadiam C
authors: KC
authors: Venkata Subbaiah
authors: Department of Biotechnology, Dravidian University, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh 517 426, India. Electronic address: lokanathav@yahoo.co.in.
authors: Lokanatha
authors: L
authors: Valluru
authors: Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517 502, India.
authors: Wudayagiri
authors: W
authors: Rajendra
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India.
authors: Chiteti
authors: C
authors: Ramamurthy
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India.
authors: Chinnasamy
authors: C
authors: Thirunavukkarusu
authors: Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.
authors: Rajagopal
authors: R
authors: Subramanyam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D030161:Avian Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002645:Chickens; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D009521:Newcastle Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000502:physiology; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D050050:Protein Carbonylation; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D030161:Avian Proteins; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D014810:Vitamin E; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase
keywords: Apoptosis; Electron spin resonance studies; Immuno fluorescence studies; Newcastle disease virus; Protein nitration; Protein oxidation