title: Habitual dietary intake of β-carotene, vitamin C, folate, or vitamin E may interact with single nucleotide polymorphisms on brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in healthy adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The interaction between genetics and diet may explain the present disagreement in the protective role of vitamin intake on cardiovascular disease. We cross-sectionally assessed the interaction of habitual dietary intake of β-carotene, vitamin C, folate, and vitamin E with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), a measure of arterial stiffness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dietary intakes of β-carotene, vitamin C, folate, and vitamin E were quantified by a food frequency questionnaire in 3198 healthy men and women (≥ 40 years) from the Korea Multi-Rural communities Cohort study. baPWV was measured, and 19 SNPs were genotyped. The associations and interactions between dietary vitamin intake, SNP genotype, and baPWV were assessed using general linear models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both men and women, dietary intake of β-carotene, vitamin C, folate, or vitamin E and baPWV were not directly associated. Vitamin C, folate, and vitamin E intake had an interaction with rs4961 (ADD1) genotype on baPWV in men. rs4961 also interacted with folate intake on baPWV in women. In women, rs10817542 (ZNF618) and rs719856 (CD2AP) had an interaction with β-carotene and folate intake and rs5443 (GNB3) had an interaction with vitamin E intake on baPWV. In general, minor allele homozygotes with low vitamin intake had higher baPWV than other subgroups. Results were similar when supplement users were excluded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher intake of dietary vitamin C, folate, and vitamin E may be related to high baPWV in healthy Korean men who are minor allele homozygotes of rs4961. In healthy Korean women, dietary folate, β-carotene, and vitamin E intake may affect baPWV differently according to rs4961, rs10817542, rs719856, or rs5443 genotype. Greater dietary intake of these nutrients may protect those that are genetically vulnerable to stiffening of the arteries.
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical School Building A-Room 517-2, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang Dong, Sungdong Gu, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea.
authors: Clara Yongjoo
authors: CY
authors: Park
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical School Building A-Room 517-2, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang Dong, Sungdong Gu, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea.|College of Medicine, Medical School Building A-Room 517-1, Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang Dong, Sungdong Gu, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea.
authors: Sukyoung
authors: S
authors: Jung
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical School Building A-Room 517-2, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang Dong, Sungdong Gu, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea. kmkkim@hanyang.ac.kr.|College of Medicine, Medical School Building A-Room 517-1, Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang Dong, Sungdong Gu, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea. kmkkim@hanyang.ac.kr.
authors: Mi Kyung
authors: MK
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical School Building A-Room 517-2, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang Dong, Sungdong Gu, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea.|College of Medicine, Medical School Building A-Room 517-1, Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang Dong, Sungdong Gu, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea.
authors: Bo Youl
authors: BY
authors: Choi
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 160, Baekseo-ro, Dong-gu, Kwangju, 501-746, Republic of Korea.
authors: Min-Ho
authors: MH
authors: Shin
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 56, Dalseong-ro, Jung-gu, Taegu, 700-712, Republic of Korea.
authors: Dong Hoon
authors: DH
authors: Shin
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors: Young-Hoon
authors: YH
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, and Health Promotion Research Center, Kyungpook National University, 680, Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Taegu, 700-842, Republic of Korea.
authors: Byung-Yeol
authors: BY
authors: Chun
authors: Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Yeonje-ri, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 361-951, Republic of Korea.
authors: Kyung-Won
authors: KW
authors: Hong
authors: Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Yeonje-ri, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 361-951, Republic of Korea.
authors: Joo-Yeon
authors: JY
authors: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D059289:Vascular Stiffness / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D019207:beta Carotene; D014810:Vitamin E; D005492:Folic Acid; D001205:Ascorbic Acid
keywords: Arterial stiffness; Cross-sectional study; Gene–nutrient interaction; Pulse wave velocity; Vitamin intake