title: Evaluation of influenza vaccine effectiveness and description of circulating strains in outpatient settings in South Africa, 2014.
abstract: The effectiveness of the trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine during the 2014 season in South Africa was assessed using a test-negative case-control study design including 472 cases and 362 controls. Influenza A(H3N2) was the dominant strain circulating. The overall vaccine effectiveness estimate, adjusted for age and underlying conditions, was 43·1% (95% CI: -26·8-74·5). 2014 H3N2 viruses from South Africa were mainly in sublineage 3C.3 with accumulation of amino acid changes that differentiate them from the vaccine strain in 3C.1.
authors: National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) , National Health laboratory services (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors: Johanna M
authors: JM
authors: McAnerney
authors: National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) , National Health laboratory services (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors: Florette
authors: F
authors: Treurnicht
authors: National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) , National Health laboratory services (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa.|School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors: Sibongile
authors: S
authors: Walaza
authors: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.|U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.
authors: Adam L
authors: AL
authors: Cohen
authors: National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) , National Health laboratory services (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa.|U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.|U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.
authors: Stefano
authors: S
authors: Tempia
authors: National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) , National Health laboratory services (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors: Senzo
authors: S
authors: Mtshali
authors: National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) , National Health laboratory services (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors: Amelia
authors: A
authors: Buys
authors: National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) , National Health laboratory services (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors: Lucille
authors: L
authors: Blumberg
authors: National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) , National Health laboratory services (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa.|School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors: Cheryl
authors: C
authors: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients; D012621:Seasons; D018571:Sentinel Surveillance; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines
keywords: Effectiveness; influenza; vaccine