title: Functionalised nanoscale coatings using layer-by-layer assembly for imparting antibacterial properties to polylactide-co-glycolide surfaces.
abstract: In order to achieve high local biological activity and reduce the risk of side effects of antibiotics in the treatment of periodontal and bone infections, a localised and temporally controlled delivery system is desirable. The aim of this research was to develop a functionalised and resorbable surface to contact soft tissues to improve the antibacterial behaviour during the first week after its implantation in the treatment of periodontal and bone infections. Solvent-cast poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide acid) (PLGA) films were aminolysed and then modified by Layer-by-Layer technique to obtain a nano-layered coating using poly(sodium4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) as polyelectrolytes. The water-soluble antibiotic, metronidazole (MET), was incorporated from the ninth layer. Infrared spectroscopy showed that the PSS and PAH absorption bands increased with the layer number. The contact angle values had a regular alternate behaviour from the ninth layer. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy evidenced two distinct peaks, N1s and S2p, indicating PAH and PSS had been introduced. Atomic Force Microscopy showed the presence of polyelectrolytes on the surface with a measured roughness about 10nm after 20 layers' deposition. The drug release was monitored by Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy showing 80% loaded-drug delivery in 14 days. Finally, the biocompatibility was evaluated in vitro with L929 mouse fibroblasts and the antibacterial properties were demonstrated successfully against the keystone periodontal bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis, which has an influence on implant failure, without compromising in vitro biocompatibility. In this study, PLGA was successfully modified to obtain a localised and temporally controlled drug delivery system, demonstrating the potential value of LbL as a coating technology for the manufacture of medical devices with advanced functional properties.
authors: School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, 19 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield S10 2TA, United Kingdom. Electronic address: p.gentile@sheffield.ac.uk.
authors: Piergiorgio
authors: P
authors: Gentile
authors: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy.
authors: Maria E
authors: ME
authors: Frongia
authors: Department of Chemistry, Dainton Building, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom.
authors: Mar
authors: M
authors: Cardellach
authors: School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, 19 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield S10 2TA, United Kingdom.
authors: Cheryl A
authors: CA
authors: Miller
authors: School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, 19 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield S10 2TA, United Kingdom. Electronic address: g.stafford@sheffield.ac.uk.
authors: Graham P
authors: GP
authors: Stafford
authors: Department of Chemistry, Dainton Building, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom.
authors: Graham J
authors: GJ
authors: Leggett
authors: School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, 19 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield S10 2TA, United Kingdom. Electronic address: paul.hatton@sheffield.ac.uk.
authors: Paul V
authors: PV
authors: Hatton
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid
keywords: Antibacterial; Layer-by-Layer; Metronidazole; PLGA; Periodontitis