title: Emerging OP354-Like P[8] Rotaviruses Have Rapidly Dispersed from Asia to Other Continents.
abstract: The majority of human group A rotaviruses possess the P[8] VP4 genotype. Recently, a genetically distinct subtype of the P[8] genotype, also known as OP354-like P[8] or lineage P[8]-4, emerged in several countries. However, it is unclear for how long the OP354-like P[8] gene has been circulating in humans and how it has spread. In a global collaborative effort 98 (near-)complete OP354-like P[8] VP4 sequences were obtained and used for phylogeographic analysis to determine the viral migration patterns. During the sampling period, 1988-2012, we found that South and East Asia acted as a source from which strains with the OP354-like P[8] gene were seeded to Africa, Europe, and North America. The time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) of all OP354-like P[8] genes was estimated at 1987. However, most OP354-like P[8] strains were found in three main clusters with TMRCAs estimated between 1996 and 2001. The VP7 gene segment of OP354-like P[8] strains showed evidence of frequent reassortment, even in localized epidemics, suggesting that OP354-like P[8] genes behave in a similar manner on the evolutionary level as other P[8] subtypes. The results of this study suggest that OP354-like P[8] strains have been able to disperse globally in a relatively short time period. This, in combination with a relatively large genetic distance to other P[8] subtypes, might result in a lower vaccine effectiveness, underscoring the need for a continued surveillance of OP354-like P[8] strains, especially in countries where rotavirus vaccination programs are in place.
authors: KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium mark.zeller@uz.kuleuven.ac.be jelle.matthijnssens@uz.kuleuven.ac.be.
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Zeller
authors: KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Elisabeth
authors: E
authors: Heylen
authors: Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.
authors: Susan
authors: S
authors: Damanka
authors: Institute of Virology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
authors: Corinna
authors: C
authors: Pietsch
authors: Enteric Virus Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors: Celeste
authors: C
authors: Donato
authors: Department of Virology, Niigata Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
authors: Tsutomu
authors: T
authors: Tamura
authors: Enteric Viruses Group, National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
authors: Ruta
authors: R
authors: Kulkarni
authors: Enteric Viruses Group, National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
authors: Ritu
authors: R
authors: Arora
authors: Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
authors: Nigel
authors: N
authors: Cunliffe
authors: Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors: Leena
authors: L
authors: Maunula
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Human Metabonomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa Deltamune (Pty) Ltd, Lyttelton, Centurion, South Africa.
authors: Christiaan
authors: C
authors: Potgieter
authors: Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors: Sana
authors: S
authors: Tamim
authors: KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Sarah De
authors: SD
authors: Coster
authors: Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors: Elena
authors: E
authors: Zhirakovskaya
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
authors: Salwa
authors: S
authors: Bdour
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland.
authors: Helen
authors: H
authors: O'Shea
authors: Enteric Virus Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors: Carl D
authors: CD
authors: Kirkwood
authors: South African Medical Research Council/Diarrhoeal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Medunsa, Pretoria, South Africa.
authors: Mapaseka
authors: M
authors: Seheri
authors: South African Medical Research Council/Diarrhoeal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Medunsa, Pretoria, South Africa.
authors: Martin Monene
authors: MM
authors: Nyaga
authors: South African Medical Research Council/Diarrhoeal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Medunsa, Pretoria, South Africa.
authors: Jeffrey
authors: J
authors: Mphahlele
authors: Enteric Viruses Group, National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
authors: Shobha D
authors: SD
authors: Chitambar
authors: Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
authors: Ron
authors: R
authors: Dagan
authors: Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.
authors: George
authors: G
authors: Armah
authors: Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors: Nina
authors: N
authors: Tikunova
authors: KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Van Ranst
authors: KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium mark.zeller@uz.kuleuven.ac.be jelle.matthijnssens@uz.kuleuven.ac.be.
authors: Jelle
authors: J
authors: Matthijnssens
mesh_terms: D001208:Asia; D005814:Genes, Viral; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D058974:Phylogeography; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000635:transmission
keywords: OP354-like P[8]; emerging viruses; reassortment; rotaviruses