title: Hypoxia-inducible factors in cancer stem cells and inflammation.
abstract: Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) mediate metabolic switches in cells in hypoxic environments, including those in both normal and malignant tissues with limited supplies of oxygen. Paradoxically, recent studies have shown that cancer stem cells (CSCs) and activated immune effector cells exhibit high HIF activity in normoxic environments and that HIF activity is critical in the maintenance of CSCs as well as the differentiation and function of inflammatory cells. Given that inflammation and CSCs are two major barriers to effective cancer therapy, targeting HIF may provide a new approach to developing such treatments.
authors: Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors: Gong
authors: G
authors: Peng
authors: Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA. Electronic address: yaliu@cnmc.org.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D006801:Humans; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1
keywords: cancer immunotherapy; dendritic cells; leukemia-initiating cells; myeloid-derived suppressor cells; tumor microenvironment; tumor-associated macrophages