title: Arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid suppress osteoclast formation and activity in human CD14+ monocytes, in vitro.
abstract: An unbalanced diet can have adverse effects on health. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) have been the focus of research owing to their necessity of inclusion in a healthy diet. However, the effects of LCPUFAs on human osteoclast formation and function have not been explored before. A human CD14+ monocyte differentiation model was used to elucidate the effects of an ω-3 LCPUFA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and an ω-6 LCPUFA, arachidonic acid (AA), on osteoclast formation and activity. CD14+ monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy donors and stimulated with macrophage colony stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand to generate osteoclasts. Data from this study revealed that both the LCPUFAs decreased osteoclast formation potential of CD14+ monocytes in a dose-dependent manner when treated at an early stage of differentiation. Moreover, when exposed at a late stage of osteoclast differentiation AA and DHA impaired the bone resorptive potential of mature osteoclasts without affecting osteoclast numbers. AA and DHA abrogated vitronectin receptor expression in differentiating as well as mature osteoclasts. In contrast, the degree of inhibition for calcitonin receptor expression varied between the LCPUFAs with only AA causing inhibition during osteoclast differentiation. Furthermore, AA and DHA down regulated the expression of key osteoclast-specific genes in differentiating as well as mature osteoclasts. This study demonstrates for the first time that LCPUFAs can modulate osteoclast formation and function in a human primary osteoclast cell line.
authors: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
authors: Abe E
authors: AE
authors: Kasonga
authors: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
authors: Vishwa
authors: V
authors: Deepak
authors: School of Food and Nutrition, Massey Institute of Food Science and Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Department of Human Nutrition and Associate of the Institute for Food, Nutrition and Well-being, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
authors: Marlena C
authors: MC
authors: Kruger
authors: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
authors: Magdalena
authors: M
authors: Coetzee
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000276:immunology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D007527:Isoenzymes; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase