title: Interdependence of depressive symptoms, school involvement, and academic performance between adolescent friends: A dyadic analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Friendships play an important role in the development of school involvement and academic performance during adolescence. This study examined the interdependence of depressive symptoms, school involvement, and academic performance between adolescent same-sex friends.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Using cross-sectional data, we examined whether the link between depressive symptoms and academic performance would be mediated by school involvement at the intrapersonal (actor) and interpersonal (partner) levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data came from 155 pairs of same-sex adolescent friends (80 boys; M(age) = 16.17, SD = 0.44). The actor-partner interdependence model was used to examine the dyadic data and mediation hypotheses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mediated actor effects showed that adolescents who had more depressive symptoms reported lower academic performance, and such an association was mediated by their own and their friend's lower school involvement. Mediated partner effects showed that adolescents who had more depressive symptoms also had a friend with lower academic performance, and such an association was mediated by both individuals' lower school involvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provided evidence to support the broader interpersonal framework for understanding school involvement and academic performance. The current findings also have potential practical implications, especially for programmes targeted at addressing adolescents' school problems.
authors: Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan, USA.
authors: Chong Man
authors: CM
authors: Chow
authors: Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan, USA.|University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors: Cin Cin
authors: CC
authors: Tan
authors: University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA.
authors: Duane
authors: D
authors: Buhrmester
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D033062:Friends / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D012574:Schools; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: academic performance; actor-partner interdependence model; adolescence; depressive symptoms; friendships; school involvement