title: HIV medication-based urolithiasis.
abstract: Drug-induced renal calculi represent 1-2% of all renal calculi. In the last decade, drugs used for the treatment of HIV-infected patients have become the most frequent cause of drug-containing urinary calculi. Among these agents, protease inhibitors (PIs) are well known to induce kidney stones, especially indinavir and atazanavir, and more recently darunavir. Urolithiasis attributable to other PIs has also been reported in clinical cases such as those during non-PI use. Antiretroviral drug-induced calculi deserve consideration because most of them are potentially preventable. This article summarizes the diagnosis, epidemiology, prevention and management of antiretroviral drug-induced urolithiasis.
authors: Department of Nephrology , Pitie Salpetriere Hospital , Paris , France.
authors: Hassane
authors: H
authors: Izzedine
authors: Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases , Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, APHP Paris , Paris , France ; ATIP/AVENIR U738 INSERM Université Paris Diderot , Paris , France.
authors: François Xavier
authors: FX
authors: Lescure
authors: CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases , and University Bordeaux Segalen University, INSERM U 897 , Bordeaux 33000 , France.
authors: Fabrice
authors: F
authors: Bonnet
keywords: HIV; antiretroviral; renal failure; urolithiasis