title: Enhancement of nootropic effect of duloxetine and bupropion by caffeine in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The existing evidence suggests an association between depression and memory impairment. The objective of present study was to assess the effect of low dose caffeine with duloxetine and bupropion on memory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice were divided randomly into seven groups. Intra-peritoneal treatment of normal saline (10 ml/kg), caffeine (10 mg/kg), duloxetine (10 mg/kg), bupropion alone (10 mg/kg), caffeine + duloxetine (5 mg/kg, each), caffeine + bupropion (5 mg/kg, each), and bupropion + duloxetine (5 mg/kg, each) were given to groups I-VII, respectively. Elevated plus maze was used to evaluate transfer latency (TL) and Morris water maze was used to estimate the time spent in target quadrant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Caffeine with duloxetine treated group was better than other combination treated groups in terms of a significant decrease in TL and increase in the time spent in target quadrant recorded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combining lower dose of caffeine with duloxetine may enhance cognitive benefits than respective monotherapies.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, SPP SPTM, SVKM's NMIMS, Maharashtra, India ; Department of Pharmacology, Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors: Pravin Popatrao
authors: PP
authors: Kale
authors: Department of Pharmacology, SPP SPTM, SVKM's NMIMS, Maharashtra, India.
authors: Veeranjaneyulu
authors: V
authors: Addepalli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016642:Bupropion / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002110:Caffeine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D000068736:Duloxetine Hydrochloride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D065852:Spatial Memory / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D018697:Nootropic Agents; D016642:Bupropion; D002110:Caffeine; D000068736:Duloxetine Hydrochloride
keywords: And bupropion; caffeine; duloxetine; memory