title: Combined effects of nonylphenol and bisphenol a on the human prostate epithelial cell line RWPE-1.
abstract: The xenoestrogens nonylphenol (NP) and bisphenol A (BPA) are regarded as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) which have widespread occurrence in our daily life. In the present study, the purpose was to analyze the combined effects of NP and BPA on the human prostate epithelial cell line RWPE-1 using two mathematical models based on the Loewe additivity (LA) theory and the Bliss independence (BI) theory. RWPE-1 cells were treated with NP (0.01-100 µM) and BPA (1-5000 µM) in either a single or a combined format. A cell viability assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage rate assay were employed as endpoints. As predicted by the two models and based on the cell viability assay, significant synergism between NP and BPA were observed. However, based on the LDH assay, the trends were reversed. Given that environmental contaminants are frequently encountered simultaneously, these data indicated that there were potential interactions between NP and BPA, and the combined effects of the chemical mixture might be stronger than the additive values of individual chemicals combined, which should be taken into consideration for the risk assessment of EDCs.
authors: Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China. hanxd@nju.edu.cn.|Immunology and Reproductive Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China. hanxd@nju.edu.cn.|Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China. hanxd@nju.edu.cn.
authors: Weidong
authors: W
authors: Gan
authors: Department of Urology, Yangzhou First People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225000, China. nip_war@sina.com.
authors: Ming
authors: M
authors: Zhou
authors: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Research Center, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden. swesala@hotmail.com.
authors: Zou
authors: Z
authors: Xiang
authors: Immunology and Reproductive Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China. hanxd@nju.edu.cn.|Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China. hanxd@nju.edu.cn.
authors: Xiaodong
authors: X
authors: Han
authors: Immunology and Reproductive Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China. lidm@nju.edu.cn.|Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China. lidm@nju.edu.cn.
authors: Dongmei
authors: D
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004357:Drug Synergism; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D011467:Prostate / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010636:Phenols; C025256:nonylphenol; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds