title: Incidence of intravascular injection and the spread of contrast media during S1 transforaminal epidural steroid injection by two approaches: anteroposterior vs oblique.
abstract: The aim of this randomised study was to compare the incidence of intravascular injections during S1 transforaminal epidural steroid injection performed in the anteroposterior and oblique views. We also compared epidural spread patterns of contrast media, which included 201 injections at the S1 level. The overall incidence of intravascular injection during S1 transforaminal epidural steroid injection in the anteroposterior view was 29% (29/99), significantly higher than in the oblique view (11%, 11/102, p = 0.001). There were no significant differences between the two groups for epidural spread of contrast media in cases where intravascular injections did not occur (p = 0.77). Performing S1 transforaminal epidural steroid injection in the oblique view rather than the anteroposterior view reduces the risk of intravascular injections.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: D-H
authors: DH
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: D M
authors: DM
authors: Yoon
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: K B
authors: KB
authors: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004824:Epidural Space / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005119:Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007268:Injections, Epidural; D008161:Lumbosacral Region / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D003287:Contrast Media