title: A green algae mixture of Scenedesmus and Schroederiella attenuates obesity-linked metabolic syndrome in rats.
abstract: This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). High carbohydrate, high fat-fed rats showed visceral obesity with hypertension, insulin resistance, cardiovascular remodelling, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. This study suggests that the insoluble fibre or protein in SC helps reverse diet-induced metabolic syndrome.
authors: Centre for Systems Biology, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Australia. senthil.ibt@gmail.com.
authors: Senthil Arun
authors: SA
authors: Kumar
authors: MACRO-the Centre for Macroalgal Resources & Biotechnology, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia. marie.magnusson@jcu.edu.au.
authors: Marie
authors: M
authors: Magnusson
authors: School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia. l.ward@uq.edu.au.
authors: Leigh C
authors: LC
authors: Ward
authors: MACRO-the Centre for Macroalgal Resources & Biotechnology, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia. nicholas.paul@jcu.edu.au.
authors: Nicholas A
authors: NA
authors: Paul
authors: School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Australia. Lindsay.Brown@usq.edu.au.
authors: Lindsay
authors: L
authors: Brown
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001823:Body Composition; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D000460:Chlorophyta; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008274:Magnesium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy*; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000188:drug therapy; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009929:Organ Size; D017419:Potassium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D044444:Scenedesmus; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D013395:Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D007328:Insulin; D017419:Potassium, Dietary; D012982:Sodium, Dietary; D014280:Triglycerides; D005632:Fructose; D013395:Sucrose; D002784:Cholesterol; D008274:Magnesium