title: Liposomal delivery systems for anti-cancer analogues of vitamin E.
abstract: Pro-apoptotic analogues of vitamin E (VE) exert selective anti-cancer effect on various animal cancer models. Neither suitable formulation of α-tocopheryl succinate (α-TOS), representative semi-synthetic VE analogue ester, nor suitable formulations of the other VE analogues for clinical application have been reported yet. The major factor limiting the use of VE analogues is their low solubility in aqueous solvents. Due to the hydrophobic character of VE analogues, liposomes are predetermined as suitable delivery system. Liposomal formulation prevents undesirable side effects of the drug, enhances the drug biocompatibility, and improves the drug therapeutic index. Liposomal formulations of VE analogues especially of α-TOS and α-tocopheryl ether linked acetic acid (α-TEA) have been developed. The anti-cancer effect of these liposomal VE analogues has been successfully demonstrated in pre-clinical models in vivo. Present achievements in: (i) preparation of liposomal formulations of VE analogues, (ii) physico-chemical characterization of these developed systems and (iii) testing of their biological activity such as induction of apoptosis and evaluation of anti-cancer effect are discussed in this review.
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic. Electronic address: koudelka@vri.cz.
authors: Stepan
authors: S
authors: Koudelka
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors: Pavlina
authors: P
authors: Turanek Knotigova
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors: Josef
authors: J
authors: Masek
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors: Lubomir
authors: L
authors: Prochazka
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Lukac
authors: Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors: Andrew D
authors: AD
authors: Miller
authors: School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Qld, Australia; Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors: Jiri
authors: J
authors: Neuzil
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic. Electronic address: turanek@vri.cz.
authors: Jaroslav
authors: J
authors: Turanek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D008081:Liposomes; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D012995:Solubility; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D008055:Lipids; D008081:Liposomes; D014810:Vitamin E; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol
keywords: Alpha-tocopheryl succinate; Analogues of vitamin E; Anti-cancer drugs; Apoptosis; Drug delivery systems; Drug targeting; Liposome; Nanomedicine