title: Median Household Income: Association with Mortality in Children on Chronic Ventilation at Home Secondary to Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.
abstract: Objective:The aim of this study was to determine if living in a lower income neighborhood is associated with mortality of patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) on home ventilation.Methods:Patients were divided into two groups by their ZIP code-based annual household income (Z-AHI), their year of birth, and the median state household income. Survival, liberation from ventilation, and decannulation rates were analyzed between the groups.Results:Over 27 years, 94 patients met our inclusion criteria: 58 (61.7%) were in the group with lower Z-AHI, and 36 (38.3%) were in the group with the Z-AHI above the median state household. Of the patients who died, 14/15 were in the lower Z-AHI group (p=0.003). Survival probability at 60 months of age showed no significant difference between the two groups: 81% [95% CI 70.9, 91.1] for the group with the Z-AHI below the median state household, and 100% [95% CI 100.0, 90.3] for the group with higher Z-AHI (p=0.31).Conclusions:The results of this study are descriptive, as the cause of the association between mortality rate and living in an area with lower household income is not yet understood. The difference in mortality rates between groups above and below the median state income suggests a serious health disparity, which warrants further study. Additional understanding of this effect requires more complete and direct measurement of socioeconomic status and individual characteristics, and better understanding of local environmental conditions.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors: A Ioana
authors: AI
authors: Cristea
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors: Veda L
authors: VL
authors: Ackerman
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors: Stephanie D
authors: SD
authors: Davis
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors: Aaron E
authors: AE
authors: Carroll
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors: Stephen M
authors: SM
authors: Downs
authors: Department of Biostatistics, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors: Zhangsheng
authors: Z
authors: Yu
authors: Department of Biostatistics, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors: James E
authors: JE
authors: Slaven
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors: Nancy L
authors: NL
authors: Swigonski