title: Inflammatory bowel disease therapies discontinued between 2009 and 2014.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  New therapeutic approaches are currently under development, which consider the fundamental mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The disease is associated with inflamed intestinal and colonic mucosa in response to the dysregulated immune system.
  
  
  METHODS
  The aim of this article is to review drugs that have been designed for the treatment of IBD and discontinued between 2009 and 2014. Herein, nine molecules with different mechanisms of action are under review. Brodalumab, daclizumab, elubrixin and vatelizumab were withdrawn from the Phase II trial due to the lack of efficacy. Abatacept was not significantly superior to the placebo in the rate of remission and its Phase III trials were stopped. CNDO-210 and Catridecacog were discontinued due to safety concerns and lack of efficacy, respectively. Finally, NU-206 and alkaline phosphatase also ceased in development during Phase I and II tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The development in our knowledge and understanding of the pathophysiology of IBD and the identification of key objectives for the future play significant roles in IBD therapeutic development. Furthermore, well-planned clinical trials with concise measures of efficacy and safety are required to better decide whether to extend or terminate the development process. Some anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-2, IL-12, IL-17, IL-18, IL-23 and INF-γ could garner more attention in the future.
authors: Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology , Tehran , Iran Mohammad@TUMS.Ac.Ir ; Mohammad.Abdollahi@UToronto.Ca.
authors: Shilan
authors: S
authors: Mozaffari
authors: Shekoufeh
authors: S
authors: Nikfar
authors: Mohammad
authors: M
authors: Abdollahi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents
keywords: Crohn’s disease; discontinued treatment; inflammatory bowel disease; ulcerative colitis