title: Validation of the Gambling Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Chinese undergraduate students.
abstract: Although research on self-efficacy in the gambling literature took place more than 25 years ago, only in the recent decade did researchers attempt to develop valid and reliable measures of gambling-related self-efficacy. Recently Casey et al. (J Gambl Stud 24:229-246, 2008) developed the Gambling Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (GRSEQ) in an Australian sample, which is a valuable tool for gambling research. The first objective of this study is to validate the measure in a new sample. Given that previous research on Chinese's gamblers' self-efficacy is lacking, and that related research often used ad-hoc measures of the construct, a second objective of this study is to evaluate whether the GRSEQ is suitable for Chinese people. A sample of 427 university students (56.4 % females, 50.7 % gamblers) answered a questionnaire with measures including the GRSEQ, subjective norms, intentions toward gambling, general self-efficacy, impulsiveness, and pathological gambling symptoms. Evidence was found for the four-factor structure, internal consistency, criterion-related validity, and discriminant validity of the Chinese version of the GRSEQ among this young Chinese group.
authors: Mark H C
authors: MH
authors: Lai
authors: Anise M S
authors: AM
authors: Wu
authors: Kowk Kit
authors: KK
authors: Tong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000523:psychology*; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D020377:Self Efficacy; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D055815:Young Adult