title: Occurrence of West Nile virus antibodies in wild birds, horses, and humans in Poland.
abstract: Serum samples of 474 wild birds, 378 horses, and 42 humans with meningitis and lymphocytic meningitis were collected between 2010 and 2014 from different areas of Poland. West Nile virus (WNV) antibodies were detected using competition enzyme linked immunosorbent assays: ELISA-1 ID Screen West Nile Competition, IDvet, ELISA-2 ID Screen West Nile IgM Capture, and ELISA-3 Ingezim West Nile Compac. The antibodies were found in 63 (13.29%) out of 474 wild bird serum samples and in one (0.26%) out of 378 horse serum samples. Fourteen (33.33%) out of 42 sera from patients were positive against WNV antigen and one serum was doubtful. Positive samples obtained in birds were next retested with virus microneutralisation test to confirm positive results and cross-reactions with other antigens of the Japanese encephalitis complex. We suspect that positive serological results in humans, birds, and horses indicate that WNV can be somehow closely related with the ecosystem in Poland.
authors: Department of Poultry Viral Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute Pulawy (NVRI), Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
authors: Jowita Samanta
authors: JS
authors: Niczyporuk
authors: Department of Poultry Viral Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute Pulawy (NVRI), Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
authors: Elżbieta
authors: E
authors: Samorek-Salamonowicz
authors: ANSES, Laboratoire de Santé Animale de Maisons-Alfort, UMR 1161 Virologie, INRA, ANSES, ENVA, 23 avenue du Général de Gaulle, Maisons-Alfort, 94706 Paris, France.
authors: Sylvie
authors: S
authors: Lecollinet
authors: Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University of Bialystok, 14 Żurawia Street, 15-540 Bialystok, Poland.
authors: Sławomir Andrzej
authors: SA
authors: Pancewicz
authors: Department of Poultry Viral Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute Pulawy (NVRI), Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
authors: Wojciech
authors: W
authors: Kozdruń
authors: Department of Poultry Viral Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute Pulawy (NVRI), Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
authors: Hanna
authors: H
authors: Czekaj
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D001717:Birds; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D014901:West Nile Fever / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014902:West Nile virus
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral