title: Comparison of audio and audiovisual measures of adult stuttering: Implications for clinical trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated whether measures of percentage syllables stuttered (%SS) and stuttering severity ratings with a 9-point scale differ when made from audiovisual compared with audio-only recordings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four experienced speech-language pathologists measured %SS and assigned stuttering severity ratings to 10-minute audiovisual and audio-only recordings of 36 adults.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a mean 18% increase in %SS scores when samples were presented in audiovisual compared with audio-only mode. This result was consistent across both higher and lower %SS scores and was found to be directly attributable to counts of stuttered syllables rather than the total number of syllables. There was no significant difference between stuttering severity ratings made from the two modes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In clinical trials research, when using %SS as the primary outcome measure, audiovisual samples would be preferred as long as clear, good quality, front-on images can be easily captured. Alternatively, stuttering severity ratings may be a more valid measure to use as they correlate well with %SS and values are not influenced by the presentation mode.
authors: a Australian Stuttering Research Centre, The University of Sydney , Lidcombe , NSW , Australia.
authors: Sue
authors: S
authors: O'Brian
authors: b School of Public Health, The University of Queensland , Herston, Queensland , Australia.
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Jones
authors: a Australian Stuttering Research Centre, The University of Sydney , Lidcombe , NSW , Australia.
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Onslow
authors: a Australian Stuttering Research Centre, The University of Sydney , Lidcombe , NSW , Australia.
authors: Ann
authors: A
authors: Packman
authors: a Australian Stuttering Research Centre, The University of Sydney , Lidcombe , NSW , Australia.
authors: Ross
authors: R
authors: Menzies
authors: a Australian Stuttering Research Centre, The University of Sydney , Lidcombe , NSW , Australia.
authors: Robyn
authors: R
authors: Lowe
keywords: Stuttering measurement; audiovisual; percentage syllables stuttered; severity rating