title: Comparison of trace mineral concentrations in tail hair, body hair, blood, and liver of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in California.
abstract: Measuring trace mineral concentrations can be an important component of assessing the health of free-ranging deer. Trace mineral concentrations in liver most accurately reflect the trace mineral status of an individual, but, in live animals, whole blood or serum are the most commonly used sample types. Trace minerals measured in serum, such as copper, zinc, and iron, do not always accurately correlate to liver concentrations, and supplementary samples for evaluating the trace mineral status in live deer would be useful. We evaluated the utility of body and tail hair for measuring selenium, copper, zinc, iron, and manganese in free-ranging mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) by using Spearman rank correlations and linear regression. Correlations were strongest at the time of or shortly after growth of the winter coat and in resident deer. In live deer, strong correlations and moderate linear associations (R (2) = 0.57) were detected between body and tail hair and whole blood selenium in December. In postmortem-sampled deer, a strong correlation and linear association (R (2) = 0.80) were found between liver and body hair selenium in August-November. Results indicate that body hair, if collected during or shortly after growth of the winter coat, can be used as a supplementary sample for measuring selenium concentrations in deer. None of the other correlations and linear associations were found to be sufficiently strong to conclude that hair can reliably be utilized as a complementary sample for measuring these trace mineral concentrations.
authors: Wildlife Health Center (Roug, Kreuder-Johnson), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CACalifornia Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System (Woods, Puschner), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CADepartment of Molecular Biosciences (Puschner), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CACalifornia Department of Fish and Wildlife, Wildlife Investigations Laboratory, Rancho Cordova, CA (Swift, Torres)California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Fresno, CA (Gerstenberg).
authors: Annette
authors: A
authors: Roug
authors: Wildlife Health Center (Roug, Kreuder-Johnson), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CACalifornia Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System (Woods, Puschner), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CADepartment of Molecular Biosciences (Puschner), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CACalifornia Department of Fish and Wildlife, Wildlife Investigations Laboratory, Rancho Cordova, CA (Swift, Torres)California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Fresno, CA (Gerstenberg).
authors: Pamela K
authors: PK
authors: Swift
authors: Wildlife Health Center (Roug, Kreuder-Johnson), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CACalifornia Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System (Woods, Puschner), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CADepartment of Molecular Biosciences (Puschner), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CACalifornia Department of Fish and Wildlife, Wildlife Investigations Laboratory, Rancho Cordova, CA (Swift, Torres)California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Fresno, CA (Gerstenberg).
authors: Greg
authors: G
authors: Gerstenberg
authors: Wildlife Health Center (Roug, Kreuder-Johnson), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CACalifornia Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System (Woods, Puschner), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CADepartment of Molecular Biosciences (Puschner), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CACalifornia Department of Fish and Wildlife, Wildlife Investigations Laboratory, Rancho Cordova, CA (Swift, Torres)California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Fresno, CA (Gerstenberg).
authors: Leslie W
authors: LW
authors: Woods
authors: Wildlife Health Center (Roug, Kreuder-Johnson), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CACalifornia Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System (Woods, Puschner), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CADepartment of Molecular Biosciences (Puschner), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CACalifornia Department of Fish and Wildlife, Wildlife Investigations Laboratory, Rancho Cordova, CA (Swift, Torres)California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Fresno, CA (Gerstenberg).
authors: Christine
authors: C
authors: Kreuder-Johnson
authors: Wildlife Health Center (Roug, Kreuder-Johnson), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CACalifornia Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System (Woods, Puschner), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CADepartment of Molecular Biosciences (Puschner), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CACalifornia Department of Fish and Wildlife, Wildlife Investigations Laboratory, Rancho Cordova, CA (Swift, Torres)California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Fresno, CA (Gerstenberg).
authors: Steven G
authors: SG
authors: Torres
authors: Wildlife Health Center (Roug, Kreuder-Johnson), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CACalifornia Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System (Woods, Puschner), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CADepartment of Molecular Biosciences (Puschner), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CACalifornia Department of Fish and Wildlife, Wildlife Investigations Laboratory, Rancho Cordova, CA (Swift, Torres)California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Fresno, CA (Gerstenberg) bpuschner@ucdavis.edu.
authors: Birgit
authors: B
authors: Puschner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild; D002140:California; D003300:Copper / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D003670:Deer; D005260:Female; D006197:Hair / Q000378:metabolism*; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008345:Manganese / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D012621:Seasons; D012643:Selenium / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014131:Trace Elements; D008345:Manganese; D003300:Copper; D007501:Iron; D012643:Selenium; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Copper; deer; hair; iron; manganese; minerals; selenium; zinc