title: Thyroid hormones and adult interpersonal violence among women with borderline personality disorder.
abstract: Elevated T3 levels have been reported in men with antisocial behavior. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between thyroid hormones and expressed adult interpersonal violence in female patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Furthermore, expressed adult interpersonal violence in female BPD patients was compared to healthy female controls. A total of 92 clinically euthyroid women with BPD and 57 healthy women were assessed with the Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scales (KIVS). Baseline thyroid function was evaluated by measuring plasma free and bound triiodothyronine (FT3 and T3), thyroxine (FT4 and T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) with immunoassays in patients. Plasma cortisol was also measured. Among females with BPD, expressed interpersonal violence as an adult showed a significant positive correlation with the T3 levels. The mean expression of interpersonal violence as an adult was significantly higher in BPD patients as compared to healthy controls. The multiple regression model indicated that two independent predictors of KIVS expressed interpersonal violence as an adult: T3 and comorbid diagnosis of alcohol abuse. Association between T3 levels and violent/aggressive behavior earlier reported exclusively in male samples may be valid also in females with BPD.
authors: Department of Clinical Neuroscience/Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: cave.sinai@ki.se.
authors: Cave
authors: C
authors: Sinai
authors: Department of Children's and Women's Health, Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders at Karolinska Institutet (KIND), Gävlegatan 22B, 113 30 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Tatja
authors: T
authors: Hirvikoski
authors: Department of Clinical Neuroscience/Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Anna-Lena
authors: AL
authors: Nordström
authors: Department of Clinical Neuroscience/Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Nordström
authors: Department of Clinical Neuroscience/Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Åsa
authors: Å
authors: Nilsonne
authors: Department of Clinical Neuroscience/Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Alexander
authors: A
authors: Wilczek
authors: Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Marie
authors: M
authors: Åsberg
authors: Department of Clinical Neuroscience/Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences/Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors: Jussi
authors: J
authors: Jokinen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000374:Aggression; D000437:Alcoholism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001883:Borderline Personality Disorder / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000097:blood; D014754:Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D013972:Thyrotropin; D013974:Thyroxine; D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: Aggression; Alcohol abuse; HPT axis; Stress; Thyroid hormones; Violence