title: A functional polymorphism in the interleukin-1beta and severity of nicotine dependence in male schizophrenia: a case-control study.
abstract: Previous studies have shown that the functional 511C/T polymorphism in the IL-1beta-gene may be implicated in the susceptibility for schizophrenia. Moreover, recent studies suggested that IL-1 participates in the progression of lung disease in smokers, which are overrepresented in schizophrenia. We aimed to investigate the possible relationship between the IL-1beta-511C/T polymorphism and smoking behavior in schizophrenia versus healthy controls in a Chinese population. The IL-1beta-511C/T polymorphism was genotyped in 638 male patients with chronic schizophrenia (smoker/never-smoker = 486/152) and 469 male controls (smoker/never-smoker = 243/226). The cigarettes smoked per day, the Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI) and the Fagerstrom Test for nicotine dependence (FTND) were assessed. Patients were also rated on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The results showed no significant differences in genotype and allele distribution between patients and controls, and between smokers and never-smokers in either the patient or control group. However, in patients, smokers with the C/C genotype had significantly higher HSI (p < 0.005) and FTND (p < 0.05) scores than smokers with the T/T genotype, without significant differences in controls. Furthermore, there was a linear positive correlation between the number of C alleles and the HSI (p < 0.005) in patients. Our findings suggest that the IL-1beta-511C/T polymorphism may not be related to schizophrenia or smoking status in Chinese individuals, but may affect the severity of nicotine dependence among male smokers with schizophrenia.
authors: Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Harris County Psychiatric Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address: xiang.y.zhang@uth.tmc.edu.
authors: Xiang Yang
authors: XY
authors: Zhang
authors: Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors: Da-Chun
authors: DC
authors: Chen
authors: Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors: Yun-Long
authors: YL
authors: Tan
authors: Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors: Shu-ping
authors: SP
authors: Tan
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors: Xingguang
authors: X
authors: Luo
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors: Lingjun
authors: L
authors: Zuo
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors: Wenwang
authors: W
authors: Rao
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors: Qiong
authors: Q
authors: Yu
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors: Changgui
authors: C
authors: Kou
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Harris County Psychiatric Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
authors: Melissa
authors: M
authors: Allen
authors: Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Glen Oaks, NY, USA.
authors: Christoph U
authors: CU
authors: Correll
authors: School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
authors: Jingqin
authors: J
authors: Wu
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Harris County Psychiatric Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
authors: Jair C
authors: JC
authors: Soares
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D053583:Interleukin-1beta
keywords: Association; Genotype; Interleukin-1beta; Nicotine; Schizophrenia; Smoking