title: Circulating endothelial progenitor cells and angiogenic factors in diabetes complicated diabetic foot and without foot complications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Data about angiogenic factors in diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) are insufficient. Therefore, in the present study we focus on circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and two major angiogenic factors: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) in patients with DFS.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 75 subjects: 45 patients with type 2 diabetes and 30 controls. The study group was divided into 2 subgroups: 23 patients with diabetic foot and 22 patients without diabetic complications. The concentration of VEGF-A, soluble VEGF receptor 2 (sVEGF-R2) and FGF-2 were measured in plasma samples. The number of circulating EPCs was determined in peripheral venous blood. The number of endothelial progenitor cells was measured with FACSCalibur flow cytometer using monoclonal antibodies directed against antigens specific for EPCs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In our study we observed significant higher levels of VEGF-A and FGF-2 and lower sVEGF-R2 concentration in patients with T2DM compared to healthy subjects. The conducted analysis showed decreased levels of VEGF-A and elevated levels of FGF-2 in patients with DM complicated DFS compared to diabetic patients without DFS. Increased circulating EPCs number was reported in patients with DFS, and the difference was almost statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high concentration of VEGF-A and FGF-2, and a positive correlation between them indicate their participation in the process of angiogenesis in T2DM. Decreased sVEGF-R2 may result from inactivation of VEGF-A during complexes formation.
authors: Department of Pathophysiology Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland.
authors: Arleta
authors: A
authors: Kulwas
authors: Department of Pathophysiology Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland. Electronic address: ewelina.drela@wp.pl.
authors: Ewelina
authors: E
authors: Drela
authors: Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, University Hospital of A. Jurasz, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors: Wiesław
authors: W
authors: Jundziłł
authors: Department of Pathophysiology Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland.
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Góralczyk
authors: Department of Pathophysiology Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland.
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Ruszkowska-Ciastek
authors: Department of Pathophysiology Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland.
authors: Danuta
authors: D
authors: Rość
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D042501:Angiogenic Proteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D015536:Down-Regulation; D066026:Endothelial Progenitor Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000097:blood*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012995:Solubility; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D015854:Up-Regulation; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood*; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D042501:Angiogenic Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; C000588866:KDR protein, human; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2
keywords: Angiogenesis; CEPCs; Diabetic foot syndrome; FGF-2; VEGF-A