title: Ingestion of a cold temperature/menthol beverage increases outdoor exercise performance in a hot, humid environment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A recent laboratory study demonstrated that the ingestion of a cold/menthol beverage improved exercise performance in a hot and humid environment during 20 km of all-out cycling. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether the ingestion of cold water/ice-slurry with menthol would improve performance in hot and humid outdoor conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten trained males completed three trials of five blocks consisting of 4-km cycling and 1.5-km running. During warm-up, every block and recovery, the athletes drank 190 ml of aromatized (i.e., with 0.05 mL of menthol) beverage at three temperatures: Neutral (ambient temperature) (28.7°C±0. 5°C), Cold (3.1°C±0.6°C) or Ice-slurry (0.17°C±0.07°C). Trial time, core temperature (Tco), heart rate (HR), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), thermal sensation (TS) and thermal comfort (TC) were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ice-slurry/menthol increased performance by 6.2% and 3.3% compared with neutral water/menthol and cold water/menthol, respectively. No between-trial differences were noted for Tco, HR, RPE, TC and TS was lower with ice-slurry/menthol and cold water/menthol compared with neutral water/menthol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A low drink temperature combined with menthol lessens the performance decline in hot/humid outdoor conditions (i.e., compared with cold water alone). Performances were better with no difference in psycho-physiological stress (Tco, HR and RPE) between trials. The changes in perceptual parameters caused by absorbing a cold/menthol beverage reflect the psychological impact. The mechanism leading to these results seems to involve brain integration of signals from physiological and psychological sources.
authors: Laboratoire ACTES-EA 3596, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Campus de Fouillole, Point à Pitre, France.
authors: Than
authors: T
authors: Tran Trong
authors: Laboratoire ACTES-EA 3596, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Campus de Fouillole, Point à Pitre, France.
authors: Florence
authors: F
authors: Riera
authors: Laboratoire ACTES-EA 3596, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Campus de Fouillole, Point à Pitre, France.
authors: Kévin
authors: K
authors: Rinaldi
authors: Laboratoire ACTES-EA 3596, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Campus de Fouillole, Point à Pitre, France.
authors: Walid
authors: W
authors: Briki
authors: Laboratoire ACTES-EA 3596, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Campus de Fouillole, Point à Pitre, France.
authors: Olivier
authors: O
authors: Hue
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D001628:Beverages; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004326:Drinking; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008610:Menthol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D008610:Menthol