title: Effect of dietary fish oil on the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in liver and skeletal muscle of lactating sows.
abstract: This study investigated the hypothesis that dietary supplementation of fish oil as a source of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) influences the expression of target genes of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP)-1 and (SREBP)-2 involved in triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis and fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism in the liver, and moreover activates the expression of target genes of peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor (PPAR)-α involved in TAG and fatty acid catabolism in liver and skeletal muscle. Twenty lactating sows were fed a control diet or a fish oil diet with either 50 g of a mixture of palm oil and soya bean oil (4:1, w/w) or fish oil per kg. The diet of the fish oil group contained 19.1 g of n-3 PUFA (mainly 20:5 n-3 and 22:6 n-3) per 100 g of total fatty acids, while the diet of the control group contained 2.4 g of n-3 PUFA (mainly 18:3 n-3) per 100 g of total fatty acids. The fish oil group had reduced relative mRNA concentrations of various target genes of SREBP-1 involved in fatty acid and TAG synthesis in comparison with the control group (p < 0.05). Relative mRNA concentrations of target genes of PPARα involved in fatty acid catabolism in both liver and muscle, and mRNA concentrations of target genes of SREBP-2 involved in cholesterol synthesis and uptake were not influenced by fish oil supplementation. Concentrations of cholesterol and TAG in plasma, fat content of milk and weight gains of litters during the suckling period were not different between the two groups of sows. In conclusion, this study suggests that fish oil has only minor effects on hepatic lipid metabolism, which are non-critical with respect to milk production in sows.
authors: Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
authors: D K
authors: DK
authors: Gessner
authors: Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Gröne
authors: Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Rosenbaum
authors: Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Most
authors: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Swine Diseases, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Hillen
authors: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Swine Diseases, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Becker
authors: Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Erhardt
authors: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Swine Diseases, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Reiner
authors: Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Eder
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000502:physiology; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D005395:Fish Oils; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1
keywords: liver; n-3 PUFA; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α; sow; sterol regulatory element-binding protein