title: Cytotoxic potency of self-assembled Ruthenium(II)-NHC complexes with pincer type 2, 6-bis(N-methylimidazolylidene/benzimidazolylidene)pyrazine ligands.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the cytotoxic potency of self-assembled Ruthenium(II)-NHC complexes with 2,6-di-(N-methylimidazolylidene/benzimidazolylidene)pyrazine ligands.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ru(II)-N-heterocyclic (Ru-NHC) complexes, Bis-[2,6-di-(N-methylimidazol-2-ylidene)pyrazine]ruthenium(II) hexaflurophosphate (3), Bis-[2,6-di-(N-methylbenzimidazol-2-ylidene)pyrazine]ruthenium(II) hexaflurophosphate (4) have been synthesized from corresponding ligands 2,6-di-(N-methylimidazolium)pyrazine dichloride (1); 2,6-di-(N-methylbenzimidazolium)pyrazine dichloride (2). Complexes were studied to determine their pro-apoptotic activity against HCT15 and Hep2 cell lines, and antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both, complex 3 and 4, formed a nanosphere structure in aqueous growth medium. Cytotoxicity study revealed that complex 3 was more effective than complex 4. Complexes mainly target cellular DNA and bacterial cell wall.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report on the formation of nanoball structure of Ru(II)-NHC complexes. Thus, complex 3 provides a new insight to develop antitumor or antimicrobial drug.
authors: Gourisannkar
authors: G
authors: Roymahapatra
authors: Joydev
authors: J
authors: Dinda
authors: Anjan
authors: A
authors: Mishra
authors: Ambikesh
authors: A
authors: Mahapatra
authors: Wen-Shu
authors: WS
authors: Hwang
authors: Central Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
authors: Santi M
authors: SM
authors: Mandal
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D015394:Molecular Structure; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D012428:Ruthenium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D008024:Ligands; D011719:Pyrazines; D012428:Ruthenium