title: Effects of different organic manures on the biochemical and microbial characteristics of albic paddy soil in a short-term experiment.
abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of chemical fertilizer (NPK), NPK with livestock manure (NPK+M), NPK with straw (NPK+S), and NPK with green manure (NPK+G) on soil enzyme activities and microbial characteristics of albic paddy soil, which is a typical soil with low productivity in China. The responses of extracellular enzyme activities and the microbial community diversity (determined by phospholipid fatty acid analysis [PLFA] and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis [DGGE]) were measured. The results showed that NPK+M and NPK+S significantly increased rice yield, with NPK+M being approximately 24% greater than NPK. The NPK+M significantly increased soil organic carbon (SOC) and available phosphate (P) and enhanced phosphatase, β-cellobiosidase, L-leucine aminopeptidase and urease activities. The NPK+S significantly increased SOC and available potassium (K) and significantly enhanced N-acetyl-glucosamidase, β-xylosidase, urease, and phenol oxidase activities. The NPK+G significantly improved total nitrogen (N), ammonium N, available P, and N-acetyl-glucosamidase activity. The PLFA biomass was highest under NPK+S, followed by NPK+M and NPK+G treatments. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the PLFA indicated that soils with NPK+M and NPK+S contained higher proportions of unsaturated and cyclopropane fatty acids (biomarkers of fungi and gram-negative bacteria) and soil under NPK+G contained more straight chain saturated fatty acids (representing gram-positive bacteria). PCA of the DGGE patterns showed that organic amendments had a greater influence on fungal community. Cluster analysis of fungal DGGE patterns revealed that NPK+G was clearly separated. Meanwhile, the bacterial community of NPK+M treatment was the most distinct. RDA analysis revealed changes of microbial community composition mostly depended on β-xylosidase, β-cellobiosidase activities, total N and available K contents. The abundances of gram-negative bacterial and fungal PLFAs probably effective in improving fertility of low-yield albic paddy soil because of their significant influence on DGGE profile.
authors: Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.
authors: Qian
authors: Q
authors: Zhang
authors: Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Zhou
authors: Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.
authors: Guoqing
authors: G
authors: Liang
authors: Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.
authors: Xiubin
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.
authors: Jingwen
authors: J
authors: Sun
authors: Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.
authors: Ping
authors: P
authors: He
authors: Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, P.R. China.
authors: Lujiu
authors: L
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria; D002681:China; D005658:Fungi; D008372:Manure; D012275:Oryza / Q000254:growth & development; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D008372:Manure; D012987:Soil