title: Intraoperative diagnosis of lymph node metastasis in non-small-cell lung cancer by a semi-dry dot-blot method.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sublobar resection procedures, such as segmentectomy and wedge resection, can be used for resectable lung cancer when the cancer is small or the condition of the patient is poor. In such cases, intraoperative lymph node (LN) exploration is necessary to avoid incomplete resection of potential N1 or N2 disease. The semi-dry dot-blotting (SDB) method was developed to detect intraoperative LN metastasis as a quick, cost-effective procedure that does not require special technical expertise. This study examined whether SDB can sufficiently identify LN metastasis in lung cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study prospectively examined 147 LNs from 50 lung cancer patients who underwent surgery at Nagasaki University Hospital between April 2011 and June 2013. The SDB method uses antigen-antibody reactions with anti-pancytokeratin as the primary antibody and detects cancer cells using chromogen. To identify LN metastases, each LN was examined by the SDB method during surgery along with intraoperative pathological diagnosis (ope-Dx) and permanent pathological diagnosis (permanent-Dx).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with permanent-Dx, SDB offered 94.7% sensitivity, 97.7% specificity and 97.2% accuracy, while ope-Dx exhibited 84.2% sensitivity, 100% specificity and 98.0% accuracy. For 3 cases, micrometastases were detected by the SDB method but not by ope-Dx. Three LNs from lobar stations showed pseudo-positive results by the SDB method because of the presence of alveolar epithelium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SDB method offers acceptably high accuracy in detecting LN metastasis, especially for mediastinal LNs, and represents a potential alternative for the intraoperative diagnosis of LN metastasis, even in the absence of a pathologist.
authors: Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors: Koichi
authors: K
authors: Tomoshige
authors: Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors: Tomoshi
authors: T
authors: Tsuchiya
authors: Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors: Ryota
authors: R
authors: Otsubo
authors: Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors: Masahiro
authors: M
authors: Oikawa
authors: Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors: Naoya
authors: N
authors: Yamasaki
authors: Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors: Keitaro
authors: K
authors: Matsumoto
authors: Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors: Takuro
authors: T
authors: Miyazaki
authors: Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors: Tomayoshi
authors: T
authors: Hayashi
authors: Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors: Naoe
authors: N
authors: Kinoshita
authors: Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors: Atsushi
authors: A
authors: Nanashima
authors: Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan nagayasu@nagasaki-u.ac.jp.
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Nagayasu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting / Q000379:methods*; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011013:Pneumonectomy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: Cytokeratin; Lung cancer; Lymph node; Metastasis; Semi-dry dot-blot