title: Mail-Based Intervention for Sarcopenia Prevention Increased Anabolic Hormone and Skeletal Muscle Mass in Community-Dwelling Japanese Older Adults: The INE (Intervention by Nutrition and Exercise) Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the Intervention by Nutrition and Exercise (INE) study was to investigate the effects of a mail-based intervention for sarcopenia prevention on muscle mass and anabolic hormones in community-dwelling older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cluster-randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  This trial recruited community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and older in Japan. The 227 participants were cluster randomized into a walking and nutrition (W/N) group (n = 79), a walking (W) group (n = 71), and a control (C) group (n = 77). We analyzed the physical and biochemical measurements in this substudy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six months of mail-based intervention (a pedometer-based walking program and nutritional supplementation).
  
  
  METHODS
  The skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) using the bioelectrical impedance data acquisition system, biochemical measurements, such as those of insulinlike growth factor (IGF-1), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), and 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25[OH]D), as well as frailty, were assessed by the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants in the W/N and W groups had significantly greater improvements in SMI, IGF-1, and 25(OH)D (P < .05) than those in the C group. Participants in the W/N group had significantly greater improvements in DHEA-S (P < .05) than in the other groups. These effects were more pronounced in frail, older adults.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the mail-based walking intervention of the remote monitoring type for sarcopenia prevention can increase anabolic hormone levels and SMI in community-dwelling older adults, particularly in those who are frail.
authors: Department of Lifespan Development Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: m-yamada@human.tsukuba.ac.jp.
authors: Minoru
authors: M
authors: Yamada
authors: Department of Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: Shu
authors: S
authors: Nishiguchi
authors: Department of Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: Naoto
authors: N
authors: Fukutani
authors: Department of Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: Tomoki
authors: T
authors: Aoyama
authors: National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan.
authors: Hidenori
authors: H
authors: Arai
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011177:Postal Service; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006728:Hormones
keywords: Sarcopenia; frailty; nutrition; older adults; walking