title: β-cell dysfunction in women with previous gestational diabetes is associated with visceral adipose tissue distribution.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glucose intolerance in pregnancy predicts an increased risk of future type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to evaluate glucose metabolism in women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) at 5 years follow-up and identify risk factors associated with disturbed glucose metabolism post-partum.
  
  
  METHODS
  This follow-up study included 300 consecutively enrolled women from a previous population-based cohort study. The participants underwent oral glucose tolerance test under pregnancy and in the follow-up study, in addition to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the follow-up study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-two women (17.7%) were found to have GDM in pregnancy with an odds ratio of 4.8 developing prediabetes 5 years later. β-cell function, but not insulin resistance or sensitivity, was reduced in the follow-up study after adjusting for known risk factors. Furthermore, visceral fat content at follow-up was increased in GDM women compared to non-GDM women, and the β-cell function declined with increasing visceral fat in both groups but was more pronounced in the women with previous GDM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with GDM are at increased risk of developing prediabetes and have a decreased β-cell function 5 years post-partum that is associated with increased visceral fat mass.
authors: Research Institute for Internal MedicineOslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, P.b 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, NorwaySection of Specialized EndocrinologyDepartment of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, NorwayFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of ObstetricsOslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway tove.lekva@rr-research.no.
authors: Tove
authors: T
authors: Lekva
authors: Research Institute for Internal MedicineOslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, P.b 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, NorwaySection of Specialized EndocrinologyDepartment of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, NorwayFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of ObstetricsOslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway Research Institute for Internal MedicineOslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, P.b 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, NorwaySection of Specialized EndocrinologyDepartment of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, NorwayFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of ObstetricsOslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Jens
authors: J
authors: Bollerslev
authors: Research Institute for Internal MedicineOslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, P.b 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, NorwaySection of Specialized EndocrinologyDepartment of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, NorwayFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of ObstetricsOslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Kristin
authors: K
authors: Godang
authors: Research Institute for Internal MedicineOslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, P.b 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, NorwaySection of Specialized EndocrinologyDepartment of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, NorwayFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of ObstetricsOslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Marie Cecilie Paasche
authors: MC
authors: Roland
authors: Research Institute for Internal MedicineOslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, P.b 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, NorwaySection of Specialized EndocrinologyDepartment of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, NorwayFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of ObstetricsOslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Camilla Margrethe
authors: CM
authors: Friis
authors: Research Institute for Internal MedicineOslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, P.b 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, NorwaySection of Specialized EndocrinologyDepartment of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, NorwayFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of ObstetricsOslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Nanna
authors: N
authors: Voldner
authors: Research Institute for Internal MedicineOslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, P.b 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, NorwaySection of Specialized EndocrinologyDepartment of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, NorwayFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of ObstetricsOslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway Research Institute for Internal MedicineOslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, P.b 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, NorwaySection of Specialized EndocrinologyDepartment of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, NorwayFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of ObstetricsOslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Tore
authors: T
authors: Henriksen
authors: Research Institute for Internal MedicineOslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, P.b 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, NorwaySection of Specialized EndocrinologyDepartment of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, NorwayFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of ObstetricsOslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway Research Institute for Internal MedicineOslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, P.b 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, NorwaySection of Specialized EndocrinologyDepartment of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, NorwayFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of ObstetricsOslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
authors: Thor
authors: T
authors: Ueland
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D050218:Body Fat Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018149:Glucose Intolerance; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors