title: [Development and comparative evaluation of up-converting phosphor technology based lateral flow assay for rapid detection of Yersinia pestis, Bacillus anthracis spore and Brucella spp].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop an up-converting phosphor technology based lateral flow (UPT-LF) assay for rapid and quantitative detection of Yersinia pestis, Bacillus anthracis spore and Brucella spp.and make the comparison with BioThreat Alert (BTA) test strips (Tetracore Inc., USA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Using up-converting phosphor nano-particles (UCP-NPs) as the bio-marker, three double-antibody-sandwich model based UPT-LF strips including Plague-UPT-LF, Anthrax-UPT-LF, Brucella-UPT-LF were prepared and its sensitivity, accuracy, linearity and specificity were determined by detecting 10(10), 10(9), 10(8), 10(7), 10(6), 10(5) and 0 CFU/ml series of concentrations of Y.pestis, B.anthracis, Brucella standards and other 27 kinds of 10(9) CFU/ml series of contrations of bacteria strains.Furthermore, the speed, sensitivity and accuracy of bacteria standards and simulated sample detection were compared between UPT-LF and BTA system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The detection limit of Plague-UPT-LF, Anthrax-UPT-LF and Brucella-LF was 10(5) CFU/ml. The CV of series of bacteria concentrations was ≤ 15%, and the r between lg (T/C-cut-off) and lg (concentration) was 0.996,0.998 and 0.999 (F values were 1 647.57, 743.51 and 1 822.17. All the P values were <0.001), respectively. The specificity of Plague-UPT-LF and Brucella-LF were excellent, while that of Anthrax-UPT-LF was a little bit regretful because of non-specific reaction with two isolates of B. subtilis and one B.cereus. On-site evaluation showed the detection time of UPT-LF for all Y.pestis, B.anthracis spore and Brucella spp.was 33, 36 and 37 min, while BTA was 115, 115 and 111 min, which revealed the higher detection speed and sensitivity of UPT-LF comparing with BTA. The negative rate of two methods for blank standard was both 5/5, the sensitivity of UPT-LF for Y.pestis,B.anthracis spore and Brucella spp. was all 10(5) CFU/ml, then BTA was 10(6), 10(6) and 10(5) CFU/ml, respectively. The detection rate of UPT-LF for all three bacteria analog positive samples was 16/16, while BTA for B.anthracis was 7/16 only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The good performance including rapidness, simplicity and high sensitivity will bring the bright future of UPT-LF to be broadly used on-site as first response to bio-terrorism.
authors: Clinical Laboratory of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors: Chunfeng
authors: C
authors: Li
authors: Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology of Military Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing 100071, China.
authors: Pingping
authors: P
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Endocrinology of Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100036, China.
authors: Xiaoying
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Xiao
authors: X
authors: Liu
authors: Yong
authors: Y
authors: Zhao
authors: Chongyun
authors: C
authors: Sun
authors: Chengbin
authors: C
authors: Wang
authors: Ruifu
authors: R
authors: Yang
authors: Email: ammszhoulei@aliyun.com.
authors: Lei
authors: L
authors: Zhou
mesh_terms: D001408:Bacillus anthracis; D002002:Brucella; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity; D010930:Plague; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013171:Spores, Bacterial; D015010:Yersinia pestis