title: S100A4 expression is closely linked to genesis and progression of glioma by regulating proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The calcium-binding S100A4 protein is involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition, oncogenic transformation, angiogenesis, cytoskeletal integrity, mobility and metastasis of cancer cells. This study aimed to clarify the roles of S100A4 in genesis and progression of glioma.
  
  
  METHODS
  S100A4 expression was examined by real-time RT-CPR and Western blot in glioma and paired normal brain tissue (n=69), and compared with clinicopathological parameters of tumors. In addition, glioma U251 cells transfected with an S100A4-expressing plasmid were examined for proliferation by MTT, apoptosis by Annexin V-FITC, and migration and invasion with Transwell chambers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased S100A4 mRNA expression was found in gliomas, compared with paired non-tumor tissue (p<0.001). Gradual elevation of overexpression of S100A4 was observed with increasing glioma grade (p<0.001). Astrocytoma showed lower S100A4 mRNA expression than oligodendrogliomas, with glioblastomas having highest values (p<0.001). Similar results were obtained for S100A4 protein, a positive link being found between mRNA and protein expression in gliomas (p<0.001). There was higher growth, lower apoptosis, stronger migration and invasion of S100A4 transfectants than control and mock transfected cells (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that up-regulated S100A4 expression is positively linked to pathogenesis, progression and histogenesis of glioma by modulating proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China E-mail : luojunshengljs@sina.com.
authors: Ting
authors: T
authors: Jin
authors: Zhuo
authors: Z
authors: Zhang
authors: Xue-Feng
authors: XF
authors: Yang
authors: Jun-Sheng
authors: JS
authors: Luo
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000235:genetics*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000235:genetics*; D018450:Disease Progression; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition / Q000235:genetics; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D005910:Glioma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D000071999:S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000071999:S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4; D009418:S100 Proteins; C077591:S100A4 protein, human