title: Residual impact of aged nZVI on heavy metal-polluted soils.
abstract: In the present study, the residual toxicity and impact of aged nZVI after a leaching experiment on heavy metal (Pb, Zn) polluted soils was evaluated. No negative effects on physico-chemical soil properties were observed after aged nZVI exposure. The application of nZVI to soil produced a significant increase in Fe availability. The impact on soil biodiversity was assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). A significant effect of nZVI application on microbial structure has been recorded in the Pb-polluted soil nZVI-treated. Soil bacteria molecular response, evaluated by RT-qPCR using exposure biomarkers (pykA, katB) showed a decrease in the cellular activity (pykA) due to enhanced intracellular oxidative stress (katB). Moreover, ecotoxicological standardised test on Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) showed a decrease in the growth endpoint in the Pb-polluted soil, and particularly in the nZVI-treated. A different pattern has been observed in Zn-polluted soils: no changes in soil biodiversity, an increase in biological activity and a significant decrease of Zn toxicity on C. elegans growth were observed after aged nZVI exposure. The results reported indicated that the pollutant and its nZVI interaction should be considered to design soil nanoremediation strategies to immobilise heavy metals.
authors: Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: carmen.fajardo@vet.ucm.es.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Fajardo
authors: IMIDRA, Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural Agrario y Alimentación, Finca "El Encín", A-2, Km 38,2, 28800 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: mar.gil.diaz@madrid.org.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Gil-Díaz
authors: Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: costag@vet.ucm.es.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Costa
authors: IMIDRA, Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural Agrario y Alimentación, Finca "El Encín", A-2, Km 38,2, 28800 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: juan.alonso.canto@madrid.org.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Alonso
authors: IMIDRA, Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural Agrario y Alimentación, Finca "El Encín", A-2, Km 38,2, 28800 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: amaria.guerrero@madrid.org.
authors: A M
authors: AM
authors: Guerrero
authors: Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: mnande@vet.ucm.es.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Nande
authors: IMIDRA, Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural Agrario y Alimentación, Finca "El Encín", A-2, Km 38,2, 28800 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: carmen.lobo@madrid.org.
authors: M C
authors: MC
authors: Lobo
authors: Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: margamar@vet.ucm.es.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Martín
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D007501:Iron; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D007501:Iron
keywords: Aged nZVI; Biological impact; Nanoremediation; Pb; Soil; Toxicity; Zn