title: A novel and simple cell-based electrochemical impedance biosensor for evaluating the combined toxicity of DON and ZEN.
abstract: In this study, a novel and simple cell-based electrochemical biosensor was developed to assess the individual and combined toxicity of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) on BEL-7402 cells. The sensor was fabricated by modification with AuNPs, p-aminothiophenol, and folic acid in succession. The BEL-7402 cells which had a good activity were adhered on the electrode through the high affinity between the folate receptor and folic acid selectivity. We used the collagen to maintain the cell adhesion and viability. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was developed to evaluate the individual and combined toxicity of DON and ZEN. Our results indicate that DON and ZEN caused a marked decrease in the cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. The value of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy decreased with the concentration of DON and ZEN in range of 0.1-20, 0.1-50 μg/ml with the detection limit as 0.03, 0.05 μg/ml, respectively, the IC50 for DON and ZEN as obtained by the proposed electrochemical method were 7.1 μg/ml and 24.6 μg/ml, respectively, and the combination of two mycotoxins appears to generate an additive response. The electrochemical cytotoxicity evaluation result was confirmed by biological assays. Compared to conventional methods, this electrochemical test is inexpensive, highly sensitive, and fast to respond, with long-term monitoring and real-time measurements. The proposed method provides a new avenue for evaluating the toxicity of mycotoxins.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science of Jiangnan University, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China. Electronic address: guwenshu@163.com.
authors: Wenshu
authors: W
authors: Gu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, PR China.
authors: Pei
authors: P
authors: Zhu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science of Jiangnan University, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
authors: Donglei
authors: D
authors: Jiang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science of Jiangnan University, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
authors: Xingxing
authors: X
authors: He
authors: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science of Jiangnan University, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
authors: Yun
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science of Jiangnan University, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
authors: Jian
authors: J
authors: Ji
authors: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science of Jiangnan University, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
authors: Lijuan
authors: L
authors: Zhang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science of Jiangnan University, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
authors: Yange
authors: Y
authors: Sun
authors: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science of Jiangnan University, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China. Electronic address: sxlzzz@jiangnan.edu.cn.
authors: Xiulan
authors: X
authors: Sun
mesh_terms: D001681:Biological Assay / Q000295:instrumentation*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D058266:Dielectric Spectroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D009183:Mycotoxins; D014255:Trichothecenes; D015025:Zearalenone; C007262:deoxynivalenol
keywords: Combination; DON; Electrochemistry; Toxicity; ZEN