title: Insight in the chemistry of laser-activated dental bleaching.
abstract: The use of optical radiation for the activation of bleaching products has not yet been completely elucidated. Laser light is suggested to enhance the oxidizing effect of hydrogen peroxide. Different methods of enhancing hydrogen peroxide based bleaching are possible. They can be classified into six groups: alkaline pH environment, thermal enhancement and photothermal effect, photooxidation effect and direct photobleaching, photolysis effect and photodissociation, Fenton reaction and photocatalysis, and photodynamic effect.
authors: Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Ghent Dental Laser Centre, Ghent Dental Photonics Research Clustre, Dental School, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185-P8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors: Roeland Jozef Gentil
authors: RJ
authors: De Moor
authors: Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Ghent Dental Laser Centre, Ghent Dental Photonics Research Clustre, Dental School, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185-P8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biosciences Campus, Clifford Allbutt Building, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
authors: Jeroen
authors: 0000-0001-8823-2321
authors: J
authors: Verheyen
authors: Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Ghent Dental Laser Centre, Ghent Dental Photonics Research Clustre, Dental School, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185-P8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors: Andrii
authors: 0000-0001-5110-2232
authors: A
authors: Diachuk
authors: SOLA Academy, Bernhard Gottlieb University Clinic of Dentistry, Sensengaße 2A, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors: Peter
authors: 0000-0003-2909-5544
authors: P
authors: Verheyen
authors: Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Ghent Dental Laser Centre, Ghent Dental Photonics Research Clustre, Dental School, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185-P8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors: Maarten August
authors: MA
authors: Meire
authors: Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Ghent Dental Laser Centre, Ghent Dental Photonics Research Clustre, Dental School, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185-P8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors: Peter Jozef
authors: PJ
authors: De Coster
authors: Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Ghent Dental Laser Centre, Ghent Dental Photonics Research Clustre, Dental School, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185-P8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors: Filip
authors: 0000-0002-0295-8680
authors: F
authors: Keulemans
authors: Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Ghent Dental Laser Centre, Ghent Dental Photonics Research Clustre, Dental School, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185-P8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors: Mieke
authors: 0000-0001-9027-4686
authors: M
authors: De Bruyne
authors: The School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Clinical Building, Room 216, 200 Turbot Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
authors: Laurence James
authors: LJ
authors: Walsh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D016877:Oxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014073:Tooth Bleaching / Q000379:methods*; D058205:Tooth Bleaching Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D016877:Oxidants; D058205:Tooth Bleaching Agents; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide