title: Patient adaptive maximal resolution magnetic resonance myocardial stress perfusion imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the feasibility of an automatic adaptive acquisition sequence. Magnetic resonance perfusion pulse sequences often leave potential acquisition time unused in patients with lower heart-rates (HR) and smaller body size.
  
  
  METHODS
  A perfusion technique was developed that automatically adapts to HR and field-of-view by maximizing in-plane spatial resolution while maintaining temporal resolution every cardiac cycle. Patients (n = 10) and volunteers (n = 10) were scanned with both a standard resolution and adaptive method. Image quality was scored, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) calculated, and width of dark-rim artifact (DRA) measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The acquired spatial resolution of the adaptive sequence (1.92 × 1.92 mm(2)  ± 0.34) was higher than the standard resolution (2.42 × 2.42 mm(2) ) (P < 0.0001). Mean DRA width was reduced using the adaptive pulse sequence (1.94 ± 0.60 mm vs. 2.82 ± 0.65 mm, P < 0.0001). The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was higher with the standard pulse sequence (6.7 ± 2.2 vs. 3.8 ± 1.8, P < 0.0001). There was no difference in image quality score between sequences in either volunteers (1.1 ± 0.31 vs. 1.0 ± 0.0, P = 0.34) or patients (1.3 ± 0.48 vs. 1.3 ± 0.48, P = 1.0).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Optimizing the use of available imaging time during first-pass perfusion with a magnetic resonance imaging pulse sequence that adapts image acquisition duration to HR and patient size is feasible. Acquired in-plane spatial resolution is improved, the DRA is reduced, and while SNR is reduced with the adaptive sequence consistent with the lower voxel size used, image quality is maintained.
authors: Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Center (MCRC) & Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
authors: David P
authors: DP
authors: Ripley
authors: Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Center (MCRC) & Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
authors: Adam K
authors: AK
authors: McDiarmid
authors: Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Center (MCRC) & Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
authors: Ananth
authors: A
authors: Kidambi
authors: Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Center (MCRC) & Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
authors: Akhlaque
authors: A
authors: Uddin
authors: Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Center (MCRC) & Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
authors: Peter P
authors: PP
authors: Swoboda
authors: Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Center (MCRC) & Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
authors: Tarique A
authors: TA
authors: Musa
authors: Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Center (MCRC) & Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
authors: Bara
authors: B
authors: Erhayiem
authors: Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Center (MCRC) & Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
authors: Gavin J
authors: GJ
authors: Bainbridge
authors: Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Center (MCRC) & Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
authors: John P
authors: JP
authors: Greenwood
authors: Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Center (MCRC) & Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
authors: Sven
authors: S
authors: Plein
authors: Philips Healthcare, Philips Centre, Guildford, Surrey, UK.
authors: David M
authors: DM
authors: Higgins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D049628:Body Size; D055424:Cardiac-Gated Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000473:pathology*; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D055414:Myocardial Perfusion Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: cardiovascular perfusion imaging; magnetic resonance imaging; perfusion magnetic resonance imaging