title: An investigation of herpes simplex virus type 1 latency in a novel mouse dorsal root ganglion model suggests a role for ICP34.5 in reactivation.
abstract: After a primary lytic infection at the epithelia, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) enters the innervating sensory neurons and translocates to the nucleus, where it establishes a quiescent latent infection. Periodically, the virus can reactivate and the progeny viruses spread back to the epithelium. Here, we introduce an embryonic mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) culture system, which can be used to study the mechanisms that control the establishment, maintenance and reactivation from latency. Use of acyclovir is not necessary in our model. We examined different phases of the HSV-1 life cycle in DRG neurons, and showed that WT HSV-1 could establish both lytic and latent form of infection in the cells. After reactivating stimulus, the WT viruses showed all markers of true reactivation. In addition, we showed that deletion of the γ(1)34.5 gene rendered the virus incapable of reactivation, even though the virus was clearly able to replicate and persist in a quiescent form in the DRG neurons.
authors: Research Center for Biomedicine, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.|Department of Virology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors: R K
authors: RK
authors: Mattila
authors: Research Center for Biomedicine, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Harila
authors: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors: S M
authors: SM
authors: Kangas
authors: Department of Virology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.|Drug Research Doctoral Programme, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Paavilainen
authors: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors: A M
authors: AM
authors: Heape
authors: Department of Microbiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors: I J
authors: IJ
authors: Mohr
authors: Department of Virology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Hukkanen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000821:virology*; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000821:virology*; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014775:Virus Activation; D017735:Virus Latency
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins; C066469:gamma 34.5 protein, Human herpesvirus 1