title: Sodium MRI of multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common cause of non-traumatic disability in young adults. The mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration and disease progression are poorly understood, in part as a result of the lack of non-invasive methods to measure and monitor neurodegeneration in vivo. Sodium MRI is a topic of increasing interest in MS research as it allows the metabolic characterization of brain tissue in vivo, and integration with the structural information provided by (1)H MRI, helping in the exploration of pathogenetic mechanisms and possibly offering insights into disease progression and monitoring of treatment outcomes. We present an up-to-date review of the sodium MRI application in MS organized into four main sections: (i) biological and pathogenetic role of sodium; (ii) brief overview of sodium imaging techniques; (iii) results of sodium MRI application in clinical studies; and (iv) future perspectives.
authors: Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA.|Department of Neuroscience, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Petracca
authors: Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
authors: Lazar
authors: L
authors: Fleysher
authors: Siemens Healthcare, New York, USA.
authors: Niels
authors: N
authors: Oesingmann
authors: Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA.|Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA.|Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
authors: Matilde
authors: M
authors: Inglese
mesh_terms: D001931:Brain Mapping; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*; D012975:Sodium Isotopes
chemical_list: D012975:Sodium Isotopes; D012964:Sodium
keywords: axonal degeneration; multiple sclerosis; sodium MRI