title: Microminipigs as a new experimental animal model for toxicological studies: comparative pharmacokinetics of perfluoroalkyl acids.
abstract: In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of a novel minipig strain, the Microminipig (MMPig), as an animal model for studying the pharmacokinetics of a mixture of 10 perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs). After a single oral dose was given, we found that the blood depuration of PFAAs (blood t1/2), which we calculated using first-order elimination curves, ranged from 1.6 to 86.6 days. Among the five body compartments analyzed, the liver was the greatest site of accumulation of perfluorooctanesulfonate and longer chain perfluorinated carboxylates such as perfluorodecanoic acid, perfluoroundecanoic acid and perfluorododecanoic acid. We observed an increasing accumulation trend of perfluorinated carboxylates in the organs associated with the fluorinated carbon chain length. The perfluorononanoic acid burden was the highest among the treated compounds 21 days after a single exposure, as 29% of the given perfluorononanoic acid dose was accumulated in the tissues. The persistence of PFAAs in edible pig tissues even after 21 days post-exposure raises concerns about the safety of swine products. This was the first study to use MMPigs to elucidate the pharmacokinetics of a group of environmental pollutants. We found that MMPigs could be excellent experimental animals for toxicological studies due to their easy handling, cost efficacy for target compounds and ease of waste treatment.
authors: National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors: Keerthi S
authors: KS
authors: Guruge
authors: National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.|Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors: Michiko
authors: M
authors: Noguchi
authors: National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors: Koji
authors: K
authors: Yoshioka
authors: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan.
authors: Eriko
authors: E
authors: Yamazaki
authors: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan.
authors: Sachi
authors: S
authors: Taniyasu
authors: National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors: Miyako
authors: M
authors: Yoshioka
authors: National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors: Noriko
authors: N
authors: Yamanaka
authors: National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors: Mitsutaka
authors: M
authors: Ikezawa
authors: National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors: Nobuhiko
authors: N
authors: Tanimura
authors: National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors: Masumi
authors: M
authors: Sato
authors: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan.
authors: Nobuyoshi
authors: N
authors: Yamashita
authors: Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors: Hiroaki
authors: H
authors: Kawaguchi
mesh_terms: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000818:Animals; D003652:Decanoic Acids / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007850:Lauric Acids / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D023421:Models, Animal; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014116:Toxicology
chemical_list: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D003652:Decanoic Acids; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D007850:Lauric Acids; C036567:perfluorodecanoic acid; C076994:perfluorooctane sulfonic acid; C522391:perfluorododecanoic acid
keywords: biomedical studies; experimental animal; microminipig; perfluoro compounds; pharmacokinetics