title: Household pesticide exposure and the risk of childhood acute leukemia in Shanghai, China.
abstract: Childhood acute leukemia (AL) is the most common malignant tumor in children, but its etiology remains largely unknown. We investigated the relationship between household exposure to pesticides and childhood AL. Between 2009 and 2010 in Shanghai, a total of 248 newly diagnosed cases of AL and 111 gender-, age-, and hospital-matched controls were included. Five nonspecific dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites of organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) [including dimethyl phosphate (DMP), diethyl phosphate (DEP), dimethyl thiophosphate (DMTP), diethyl thiophosphate (DETP), and diethyl dithiophosphate (DEDTP)] in the urine were analyzed by gas chromatography. The results showed that the median DMP, DEP, DMTP, DETP, and DEDEP levels adjusted for creatinine (Cr) in cases (13.2, 10.0, 31.3, 8.5, and 6.1 μg g(-1), respectively) were all significantly elevated compared with those in controls (3.6, 3.6, 13.3, 2.7, and 1.7 μg g(-1), respectively) (P < 0.05). The household use of mosquito repellent was significantly associated with an increased risk of childhood AL (odds ratio (OR) = 1.9; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-3.1). Moreover, higher exposures were significantly associated with an elevated risk of childhood AL for DMs, DEs, and DAPs. Our findings support the notion that the household use of pesticides may play a role in the etiology of childhood AL and provide some evidence to warrant further investigation of the link between household pesticide exposures and childhood AL in Shanghai.
authors: Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, 200025, Shanghai, China.
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Gao
authors: Rong
authors: R
authors: Shi
authors: Didi
authors: D
authors: Chen
authors: Xiaojin
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Michihiro
authors: M
authors: Kamijima
authors: Kiyoshi
authors: K
authors: Sakai
authors: Tamie
authors: T
authors: Nakajima
authors: Md
authors: M
authors: Khalequzzaman
authors: Yijun
authors: Y
authors: Zhou
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Zheng
authors: Pingping
authors: P
authors: Bao
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Tian
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007938:Leukemia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides