title: Vitamin D and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in athletes with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this pilot study was to determine the combined effect of vitamin D and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation on airway function and inflammation in recreational athletes with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten recreational athletes with EIB participated in a single-blind, placebo-controlled trial over six consecutive weeks. All subjects attended the laboratory on three occasions. Each visit was separated by a period of 3 weeks: visit 1 (usual diet), visit 2 (placebo) and visit 3 (SMARTFISH® NutriFriend 2000; 30 µg vitamin D3-3000 mg eicosapentaenoic acid, 3000 mg docosahexaenoic acid) consumed once daily for a period of 3 weeks. Venous blood was collected at the beginning of each trial to determine vitamin D status. Spirometry was performed pre- and post-eucapnic voluntary hyperpnoea (EVH).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Maximum fall in FEV1 (ΔFEV1max) post-EVH was not different between visits (usual diet: -15.9 ± 3.6%, placebo: -16.1 ± 6.1%, vitamin D + omega-3 PUFA: -17.8 ± 7.2%). Serum vitamin D remained unchanged between visits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin D and omega-3 PUFA supplementation does not attenuate the reduction in lung function post-EVH. This finding should be viewed as preliminary until the results of randomised controlled trials are made available.
authors: Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne, UK.
authors: Oliver J
authors: OJ
authors: Price
authors: James H
authors: JH
authors: Hull
authors: Glyn
authors: G
authors: Howatson
authors: Paula
authors: P
authors: Robson-Ansley
authors: Les
authors: L
authors: Ansley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001250:Asthma, Exercise-Induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D056352:Athletes; D016084:Bronchoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015444:Exercise; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D014807:Vitamin D
keywords: airway dysfunction; exercise-induced bronchoconstriction; inflammation; omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids; vitamin D