title: Person-centered Climate Questionnaire-Patient in English: A psychometric evaluation study in long-term care settings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is increasing evidence that person-centered care improves nursing home residents' quality of life. Despite the clear focus of person-centered care on enhancing care for residents and engaging residents in care, there are few options available for measuring person-centered care from the perspective of the elder residents.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the English version of the Person-centered Climate Questionnaire-Patient (PCQ-P) in U.S. long-term care settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 189 older adults from six nursing homes in the Midwestern United States were included. Convergent validity and known-group comparison were examined for construct validity. Exploratory factor analysis and second-order confirmatory factor analysis were utilized to examine the factor structure. Reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha values for internal consistency.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study demonstrated a substantial convergent validity of the PCQ-P in English as higher scores correlated significantly with higher resident life satisfaction (r=0.459), and the satisfactory construct validity as evidenced by a significantly higher mean PCQ-P score from residents in higher quality nursing homes. Factor analysis demonstrated that the PCQ-P had three factors (hospitality, safety, and everydayness) in U.S. nursing home residents. The PCQ-P showed satisfactory internal consistency reliability (α=0.89).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The English version of the PCQ-P is a valid and reliable tool to directly measure the perceptions of the person-centered climate in the U.S nursing homes. The simple and straightforward PCQ-P items are easy to administer to nursing home residents. Consequently, clinical staff can utilize the PCQ-P to assess the unit climate, and evaluate outcomes of person-centered interventions.
authors: School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. Electronic address: yoon26@wisc.edu.
authors: Ju Young
authors: JY
authors: Yoon
authors: Center for Women's Health, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Veteran Affairs Hospital, Madison, WI, USA; School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors: Tonya
authors: T
authors: Roberts
authors: University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
authors: Bruce
authors: B
authors: Grau
authors: School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Australia; Department of Nursing, Umea University, Umea, Sweden.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Edvardsson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008134:Long-Term Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008297:Male; D018802:Patient-Centered Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Instrument development; Nursing home; Person-centered care; Reliability; Validity