title: Assessment of toxicity of Moringa oleifera flower extract to Biomphalaria glabrata, Schistosoma mansoni and Artemia salina.
abstract: This study reports the effect of an aqueous extract from Moringa oleifera Lam. flowers on Biomphalaria glabrata embryos and adults and on Schistosoma mansoni adult worms. The extract contains tannins, saponins, flavones, flavonols, xanthones, and trypsin inhibitor activity. The toxicity of the extract on Artemia salina larvae was also investigated to determine the safety of its use for schistosomiasis control. After incubation for 24h, the flower extract significantly (p<0.05) delayed the development of B. glabrata embryos and promoted mortality of adult snails (LC50: 2.37±0.5mgmL(-1)). Furthermore, treatment with the extract disrupted the development of embryos generated by snails, with most of them remaining in the blastula stage while control embryos were already in the gastrula stage. Flower extract killed A. salina larvae with a LC50 value (0.2±0.015mgmL(-1)) lower than that determined for snails. A small reduction (17%) in molluscicidal activity was detected when flower extract (2.37mgmL(-1)) was exposed to tropical environmental conditions (UVI index ranging from 1 to 14, temperature from 25 to 30°C, and 65% relative humidity). Toxicity to A. salina was also reduced (LC50 value of 0.28±0.01mgmL(-1)). In conclusion, M. oleifera flower extract had deleterious effects on B. glabrata adults and embryos. However, unrestricted use to control schistosomiasis should be avoided due to the toxicity of this extract on A. salina.
authors: Departamento de Bioquímica-CCB, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors: Cláudio A A
authors: CA
authors: Rocha-Filho
authors: Departamento de Bioquímica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
authors: Lidiane P
authors: LP
authors: Albuquerque
authors: Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia-CCB, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors: Luanna R S
authors: LR
authors: Silva
authors: Departamento de Química Fundamental-CCEN, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors: Patrícia C B
authors: PC
authors: Silva
authors: Departamento de Bioquímica-CCB, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors: Luana C B B
authors: LC
authors: Coelho
authors: Departamento de Química Fundamental-CCEN, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors: Daniela M A F
authors: DM
authors: Navarro
authors: Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors: Monica C P A
authors: MC
authors: Albuquerque
authors: Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia-CCB, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors: Ana Maria M A
authors: AM
authors: Melo
authors: Departamento de Bioquímica-CCB, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors: Thiago H
authors: TH
authors: Napoleão
authors: Departamento de Bioquímica-CCB, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors: Emmanuel V
authors: EV
authors: Pontual
authors: Departamento de Bioquímica-CCB, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil. Electronic address: ppaivaufpe@yahoo.com.br.
authors: Patrícia M G
authors: PM
authors: Paiva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000633:toxicity*; D001156:Artemia / Q000187:drug effects*; D001700:Biomphalaria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D035264:Flowers; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D029588:Moringa oleifera; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000633:toxicity*; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Antischistosoma activity; Artemia salina; Flower; Molluscicidal activity; Moringa oleifera; Schistosomiasis vector