title: Image-guided radiotherapy and -brachytherapy for cervical cancer.
abstract: Conventional radiotherapy for cervical cancer relies on clinical examination, 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT), and 2-dimensional intracavitary brachytherapy. Excellent local control and survival have been obtained for small early stage cervical cancer with definitive radiotherapy. For bulky and locally advanced disease, the addition of chemotherapy has improved the prognosis but toxicity remains significant. New imaging technology such as positron-emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging has improved tumor delineation for radiotherapy planning. Image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) may decrease treatment toxicity of whole pelvic radiation because of its potential for bone marrow, bowel, and bladder sparring. Tumor shrinkage during whole pelvic IGRT may optimize image-guided brachytherapy (IGBT), allowing for better local control and reduced toxicity for patients with cervical cancer. IGRT and IGBT should be integrated in future prospective studies for cervical cancer.
authors: Medicine and Radiation Oncology PA , San Antonio, TX , USA.
authors: Suresh
authors: S
authors: Dutta
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Howard University , Washington, DC , USA.
authors: Nam Phong
authors: NP
authors: Nguyen
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Lindenhofspital , Bern , Switzerland.
authors: Jacqueline
authors: J
authors: Vock
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Val d'Aurelle , Montpellier , France.
authors: Christine
authors: C
authors: Kerr
authors: Florida Radiation Oncology Group, Department of Radiation Oncology , Jacksonville, FL , USA.
authors: Juan
authors: J
authors: Godinez
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Howard University , Washington, DC , USA.
authors: Satya
authors: S
authors: Bose
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ , USA.
authors: Siyoung
authors: S
authors: Jang
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of West Virginia , Morgantown, WV , USA.
authors: Alexander
authors: A
authors: Chi
authors: Southwest PET/CT Institute , Tucson, AZ , USA.
authors: Fabio
authors: F
authors: Almeida
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Richard A. Henson Cancer Institute , Salisbury, MD , USA.
authors: William
authors: W
authors: Woods
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Akron City Hospital , Akron, OH , USA.
authors: Anand
authors: A
authors: Desai
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Michael D. Watchtel Cancer Center , Oshkosh, WI , USA.
authors: Rick
authors: R
authors: David
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Marshfield Clinic , Marshfield, WI , USA.
authors: Ulf Lennart
authors: UL
authors: Karlsson
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Camden Clark Cancer Center , Parkersburg, WV , USA.
authors: Gabor
authors: G
authors: Altdorfer
keywords: IGBT; IGRT; cervical cancer; normal tissue sparing