title: Analysis of milk by FT-Raman spectroscopy.
abstract: Fat, protein, carbohydrates and dry matter were quantified in commercial bovine milk samples, with the relative standard errors of prediction (RSEP) in the 3.4-6.1% range, using the partial least squares (PLS) method based on Raman spectra of liquid milk samples. Results of a better quality were obtained from a PLS model derived from IR spectra registered using single reflection ATR diamond accessory, which yielded RSEP values of 2.4-4.4%. The data indicated IR single reflection ATR spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy in combination with multivariate modelling using the PLS method, allowed for the reliable, simultaneous quantitative determination of macronutrients in milk. The low signal to noise ratio of Raman spectra affects the quality of fat quantification especially for strongly defatted milk samples.
authors: Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland. Electronic address: sylwester.mazurek@chem.uni.wroc.pl.
authors: Sylwester
authors: S
authors: Mazurek
authors: Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland. Electronic address: roman.szostak@chem.uni.wroc.pl.
authors: Roman
authors: R
authors: Szostak
authors: Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
authors: Tomasz
authors: T
authors: Czaja
authors: Faculty of Biology and Animal Sciences, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 38C Chełmońskiego, 50-630 Wrocław, Poland.
authors: Andrzej
authors: A
authors: Zachwieja
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002138:Calibration; D002417:Cattle; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000032:analysis*; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*
keywords: ATR; Milk analysis; Multivariate calibration; Quantitative analysis; Raman spectroscopy