title: Associated Risk Factors for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Subjects with Diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) confers a higher risk for active tuberculosis (TB). However, information on associated risk factors for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) inpatients with DM2 is limited. We conducted a cross-sectional study to elucidate the prevalence of LTBI and its associated factors on Mexican adults with DM2 receiving medical care at the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Six hundred patients with DM2 without a prior history of TB from outpatient diabetes clinics were enrolled in the study. The tuberculin-skin-test (TST) was performed. The presence of LTBI was defined by a TST value of ≥ 5 mm. A standardized interview and physical examination were conducted to obtain clinical, demographic, and LTBI risk factor information; all subjects were laboratory tested to determine the presence of exclusion criteria. Microscopic examination of sputum samples and chest x-rays was performed to identify potential active TB. Subjects with any finding suggesting active TB or malignancy were excluded. A logistic regression model was used to identify variables associated with LTBI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LTBI prevalence among patients with DM2 was 51.3%. Risk factors for LTBI were living with a relative with TB, having been in prison, having hemoglobin values >14 g/dL, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values of > 7%. Blood pressure, economic income, or anthropometric measurements were not associated risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Over one half of patients with DM harbor LTBI. Exposure to certain environmental conditions and poorly controlled DM2 (HbA1c > 7.0%) were risk factors for having LTBI in persons with DM2.
authors: Medical Research Unit of Zacatecas, IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico.
authors: Gerardo
authors: G
authors: Martínez-Aguilar
authors: Medical Research Unit of Zacatecas, IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico.
authors: Carmen J
authors: CJ
authors: Serrano
authors: Medical Research Unit of Zacatecas, IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico; Catedras CONACYT, National Council of Science and Technology (CONACyT- México), Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: Julio Enrique
authors: JE
authors: Castañeda-Delgado
authors: Catedras CONACYT, National Council of Science and Technology (CONACyT- México), Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: Noé
authors: N
authors: Macías-Segura
authors: Catedras CONACYT, National Council of Science and Technology (CONACyT- México), Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: Nicolás
authors: N
authors: Hernández-Delgadillo
authors: Catedras CONACYT, National Council of Science and Technology (CONACyT- México), Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: Leonor
authors: L
authors: Enciso-Moreno
authors: Catedras CONACYT, National Council of Science and Technology (CONACyT- México), Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: Yolanda
authors: Y
authors: García de Lira
authors: Catedras CONACYT, National Council of Science and Technology (CONACyT- México), Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: Ema
authors: E
authors: Valenzuela-Méndez
authors: Catedras CONACYT, National Council of Science and Technology (CONACyT- México), Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: Benjamín
authors: B
authors: Gándara-Jasso
authors: Catedras CONACYT, National Council of Science and Technology (CONACyT- México), Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: Joel
authors: J
authors: Correa-Chacón
authors: Medical Research Unit of Zacatecas, IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico; Catedras CONACYT, National Council of Science and Technology (CONACyT- México), Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: Yadira
authors: Y
authors: Bastián-Hernández
authors: Biomedical Research Unit, Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS), Durango, Mexico.
authors: Martha
authors: M
authors: Rodríguez-Morán
authors: Biomedical Research Unit, Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS), Durango, Mexico.
authors: Fernando
authors: F
authors: Guerrero-Romero
authors: Medical Research Unit of Zacatecas, IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico. Electronic address: joseantonioenciso@gmail.com.
authors: José Antonio
authors: JA
authors: Enciso-Moreno
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D055985:Latent Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014374:Tuberculin Test
keywords: Diabetes mellitus type 2; Latent tuberculosis; Risk factors