title: Chemical and structural characterization of glass ionomer cements indicated for atraumatic restorative treatment.
abstract: Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are restorative materials, which clinical use has increased significantly during the last decade. The aim of the present study was to analyze the chemical constitution and surface morphology of four glass ionomer cements: Maxxion R, VitroFill, Vidrion R and Vitremer. Twelve polyethylene tubes with an internal diameter of 3 and 3 mm in length were prepared, filled and then transferred to a chamber with 95% relative humidity and a temperature of 37°C. The surface morphology of the tested materials was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and main components were investigated by energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX). Scanning electron microscopy revealed irregular and rough external surface. Cracking was not observed. The main constituents were found to be aluminum, silicon, calcium, sodium and fluoride. Phosphorus, sulfur and barium were only observed in Vidrion R, while chlorine were only observed in Maxxion R. Elemental mapping of the outer surface revealed high concentration of aluminum and silicon. Significant irregularities on the surface of the tested materials were observed. The chemical constitution of all GIC was similar.
authors: Associate Professor, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Cuiabé, Avenida Manoel Josá de Arruda, 3.100, Jardim Europa, 78065-900, Cuiabé, Mato, Grosso, Brazil, Phone: +55 65 3363-1264, e-mail: orlandoaguedes@yahoo.com.br.
authors: Orlando Aguirre
authors: OA
authors: Guedes
authors: Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Cuiabé, Cuiabé, Mato, Grosso, Brazil.
authors: Álvaro Henrique
authors: ÁH
authors: Borges
authors: Department of Prosthodontic Dentistry, School of Dentistry UNICEUMA, São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil.
authors: Matheus Coelho
authors: MC
authors: Bandeca
authors: Department of Stomatologic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiés, Goiânia, Goiés, Brazil.
authors: Mariana Kyosen
authors: MK
authors: Nakatani
authors: Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Cuiabé, Cuiabé, Mato, Grosso, Brazil.
authors: Cyntia Rodrigues
authors: CR
authors: de Araújo Estrela
authors: Department of Stomatologic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiés, Goiânia, Goiés, Brazil.
authors: Ana Helena Gonçalves
authors: AH
authors: de Alencar
authors: Department of Stomatologic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiés, Goiânia, Goiés, Brazil.
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Estrela
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000737:chemistry; D001464:Barium / Q000737:chemistry; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002713:Chlorine / Q000032:analysis; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D057087:Dental Atraumatic Restorative Treatment / Q000379:methods*; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D005459:Fluorides / Q000032:analysis; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D012825:Silicon / Q000032:analysis; D012964:Sodium / Q000032:analysis; D013455:Sulfur / Q000032:analysis; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; C577194:Maxxion; C100647:Vidrion-R; C084550:Vitremer; C577192:Vitrofil LC; D001464:Barium; D010758:Phosphorus; D002713:Chlorine; D013455:Sulfur; D012964:Sodium; D000535:Aluminum; D005459:Fluorides; D002118:Calcium; D012825:Silicon
keywords: Glass ionomer cement; Chemical properties; Scanning electron microscopy; Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis.