title: An in vitro evaluation of the effect of fluoride products on white spot lesion remineralization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effect of combinations of fluoride (F) products on remineralization of caries-like lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demineralized human enamel specimens were assessed by surface microhardness (SMH), stratified and allocated to five treatments groups: (1) Toothpaste containing 1% nano hydroxyapatite (HAP) + 1,450 ppm F; (2) Tooth mousse containing 10% casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) + 900 ppm F plus F toothpaste (1,450 ppm F as NaF); (3) F varnish containing 22,600 ppm F plus F toothpaste (1,450 ppm F as NaF); (4) F toothpaste (1,450 ppm F as NaF); and (5) placebo--distilled water (P). Each group was treated in a 21-day pH-cycling model. Groups 1, 4 and 5 were treated 2x/day. In Group 3, the tooth mousse was administered 1x/day plus 2x/day F toothpaste treatment. In Group 4, F varnish was administered 1x/week plus 2x/day treatment with F toothpaste. After cycling, SMH was re-measured and cross-sectional microhardness measurements were taken.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Groups 1-4 produced significant rehardening of enamel. In the superficial layer (25-50 μm deep) significantly higher mineralization (up to 83%, by Volume (V), P < 0.0001) was achieved for Groups 2 and 3. In the area of 75-100 μm deep, the highest mineralization was observed for Groups 1 and 4 (V% = 68-83%).
authors: Agnieszka
authors: A
authors: Mielczarek
authors: Tomasz
authors: T
authors: Gedrange
authors: Joanna
authors: J
authors: Michalik
mesh_terms: D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002364:Caseins / Q000494:pharmacology; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects; D017886:Durapatite / Q000494:pharmacology; D005459:Fluorides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000494:pharmacology; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008422:Materials Testing; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis; D053758:Nanoparticles; D010919:Placebos; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000494:pharmacology; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods*; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D002364:Caseins; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D008903:Minerals; D010919:Placebos; D014100:Toothpastes; C447032:casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplex; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D017886:Durapatite; D005459:Fluorides