title: Female offspring sired by diet induced obese male mice display impaired blastocyst development with molecular alterations to their ovaries, oocytes and cumulus cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the impacts that a paternal high fat diet (HFD) has on embryology, ovarian/cumulus cell gene expression and COC metabolism from female offspring, using a mouse model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Founder male mice were either fed a control diet (CD) or a HFD for 12 weeks. The HFD induced obesity but not diabetes, and founder males were then mated to normal weight CD fed female mice. Female offspring were maintained on a CD, super-ovulated, mated and the resultant zygotes were cultured to the blastocyst stage for embryo morphology, blastocyst cell number and apoptosis assessment. Ovaries and cumulus cells from offspring were collected for gene expression analysis of selected genes that maintain chromatin remodeling and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), metabolic and inflammatory homeostasis. Cumulus/oocyte complexes were also investigated for glucose uptake and lipid accumulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Female offspring sired by obese fathers produced embryos with delayed development and impaired quality, displayed increases in ovarian expression of Glut1, Glut3 and Glut4, and an increase in cumulus cell expression of Glut4. Interestingly their COCs did take up more glucose, but did accumulate more lipid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A paternal HFD is associated with subfertility in female offspring despite the offspring being fed a CD and this subfertility is concomitant with ovarian/cumulus cell molecular alterations and increased lipid accumulation.
authors: Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, Level 3 Medical School South, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia, tod.fullston@adelaide.edu.au.
authors: Tod
authors: T
authors: Fullston
authors: Helana
authors: H
authors: Shehadeh
authors: Lauren Y
authors: LY
authors: Sandeman
authors: Wan Xian
authors: WX
authors: Kang
authors: Linda L
authors: LL
authors: Wu
authors: Rebecca L
authors: RL
authors: Robker
authors: Nicole O
authors: NO
authors: McPherson
authors: Michelle
authors: M
authors: Lane
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D054885:Cumulus Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008820:Mice, Obese; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009865:Oocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010053:Ovary / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012661:Semen / Q000737:chemistry