title: Development of a nanoparticle-based oral vaccine for Atlantic salmon against ISAV using an alphavirus replicon as adjuvant.
abstract: Adjuvants used in vaccine aquaculture are frequently harmful for the fish, causing melanosis, granulomas and kidney damage. Along with that, vaccines are mostly administered by injection, causing pain and stress to the fish. We used the DNA coding for the replicase of alphavirus as adjuvant (Ad) of a vaccine against ISAV. The Ad and an inactivated ISAV (V) were loaded in chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) to be administered orally to Atlantic salmon. NP-Ad was able to deliver the DNA ex vivo and in vivo. Oral administration of the NPs stimulated the expression of immune molecules, but did not stimulate the humoral response. Although the vaccination with NP-V results in a modest protection of fish against ISAV, NP-V administered together with NP-Ad caused a protection of 77%. Therefore, the DNA coding for the replicase of alphavirus could be administered orally and can potentiate the immuneprotection of a virine against infection.
authors: Universidad de Santiago, Laboratorio de Virología, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Química y Biología, Santiago, Chile; Comisión Chilena de Energía Nuclear, Departamento de Aplicaciones Nucleares, Santiago, Chile. Electronic address: andrea.rivas@usach.cl.
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Rivas-Aravena
authors: Universidad de Santiago, Laboratorio de Virología, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Química y Biología, Santiago, Chile.
authors: Yazmin
authors: Y
authors: Fuentes
authors: Universidad de Santiago, Laboratorio de Virología, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Química y Biología, Santiago, Chile.
authors: Julio
authors: J
authors: Cartagena
authors: Universidad de Santiago, Laboratorio de Virología, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Química y Biología, Santiago, Chile.
authors: Tania
authors: T
authors: Brito
authors: Centro Milstein, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Tecnovax, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors: Verónica
authors: V
authors: Poggio
authors: Centro Milstein, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Tecnovax, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors: José
authors: J
authors: La Torre
authors: Universidad Andrés Bello, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Santiago, Chile.
authors: Hegaly
authors: H
authors: Mendoza
authors: Universidad Andrés Bello, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Santiago, Chile.
authors: Fernando
authors: F
authors: Gonzalez-Nilo
authors: Universidad de Santiago, Laboratorio de Virología, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Química y Biología, Santiago, Chile.
authors: Ana María
authors: AM
authors: Sandino
authors: Universidad de Santiago, Laboratorio de Virología, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Química y Biología, Santiago, Chile.
authors: Eugenio
authors: E
authors: Spencer
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000524:Alphavirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D046829:Isavirus / Q000276:immunology*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D012093:Replicon; D020317:Salmo salar; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D014765:Viral Vaccines
keywords: Adjuvant; Atlantic salmon; ISAV; Nanoparticles; Salmon alphavirus; Vaccine