title: Anuran trypanosomes: phylogenetic evidence for new clades in Brazil.
abstract: Trypanosomes of anurans and fish are grouped into the Aquatic Clade which includes species isolated from fish, amphibians, turtles and platypus, usually transmitted by leeches and phlebotomine sand flies. Trypanosomes from Brazilian frogs are grouped within the Aquatic Clade with other anuran trypanosome species, where there seems to be coevolutionary patterns with vertebrate hosts and association to Brazilian biomes (Atlantic Forest, Pantanal and Amazonia Rainforest). We characterised the anuran trypanosomes from two different areas of the Cerrado biome and examined their phylogenetic relationships based on the SSU rRNA gene. A total of 112 anurans of six species was analysed and trypanosome prevalence evaluated through haemoculture was found to be 7% (8 positive frogs). However, only three isolates (2.7%) from two anuran species were recovered and cryopreserved. Analysis including SSU rDNA sequences from previous studies segregated the anuran trypanosomes into six groups, the previously reported An01 to An04, and An05 and An06 reported herein. Clade An05 comprises the isolates from Leptodactylus latrans (Steffen) and Pristimantis sp. captured in the Cerrado biome and Trypanosoma chattoni Mathis & Leger, 1911. The inclusion of new isolates in the phylogenetic analyses provided evidence for a new group (An06) of parasites from phlebotomine hosts. Our results indicate that the diversity of trypanosome species is underestimated since studies conducted in Brazil and other regions of the world are still few.
authors: Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil.
authors: Juliana I G
authors: JI
authors: da S Ferreira
authors: Andrea P
authors: AP
authors: da Costa
authors: Diego
authors: D
authors: Ramirez
authors: Jairo A M
authors: JA
authors: Roldan
authors: Danilo
authors: D
authors: Saraiva
authors: Gislene F R
authors: GF
authors: da S Founier
authors: Ana
authors: A
authors: Sue
authors: Erick R
authors: ER
authors: Zambelli
authors: Antonio H H
authors: AH
authors: Minervino
authors: Vanessa K
authors: VK
authors: Verdade
authors: Solange M
authors: SM
authors: Gennari
authors: Arlei
authors: A
authors: Marcili
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura / Q000469:parasitology*; D001938:Brazil; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S / Q000235:genetics; D061987:Sf9 Cells; D013045:Species Specificity; D014345:Trypanosoma / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S