title: A Novel Partial Agonist of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ with Excellent Effect on Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes.
abstract: Partial agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) reportedly reverse insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this work, a novel non-thiazolidinedione-partial PPARγ ligand, MDCCCL1636 [N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)-3-mercapto-2-methylpropanamide], was investigated. The compound displayed partial agonist activity in biochemical and cell-based transactivation assays and reversed insulin resistance. MDCCCL1636 showed a potential antidiabetic effect on an insulin-resistance model of human hepatocarcinoma cells (HepG2). High-fat diet-fed streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated with MDCCCL1636 for 56 days displayed reduced fasting serum glucose and reversed dyslipidemia and pancreatic damage without significant weight gain. Furthermore, MDCCCL1636 had lower toxicity in vivo and in vitro than pioglitazone. MDCCCL1636 also potentiated glucose consumption and inhibited the impairment in insulin signaling targets, such as AKT, glycogen synthase kinase 3β, and glycogen synthase, in HepG2 human hepatoma cells. Overall, our results suggest that MDCCCL1636 is a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
authors: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (H.L., C.Z., F.S., T.X., J.M., Q.Z., C.L., S.L., J.W., B.Z., Y.L.); and The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (T.S., H.Z.).
authors: Hui-juan
authors: HJ
authors: Liu
authors: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (H.L., C.Z., F.S., T.X., J.M., Q.Z., C.L., S.L., J.W., B.Z., Y.L.); and The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (T.S., H.Z.).
authors: Cheng-yu
authors: CY
authors: Zhang
authors: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (H.L., C.Z., F.S., T.X., J.M., Q.Z., C.L., S.L., J.W., B.Z., Y.L.); and The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (T.S., H.Z.).
authors: Fei
authors: F
authors: Song
authors: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (H.L., C.Z., F.S., T.X., J.M., Q.Z., C.L., S.L., J.W., B.Z., Y.L.); and The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (T.S., H.Z.).
authors: Ting
authors: T
authors: Xiao
authors: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (H.L., C.Z., F.S., T.X., J.M., Q.Z., C.L., S.L., J.W., B.Z., Y.L.); and The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (T.S., H.Z.).
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Meng
authors: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (H.L., C.Z., F.S., T.X., J.M., Q.Z., C.L., S.L., J.W., B.Z., Y.L.); and The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (T.S., H.Z.).
authors: Qiang
authors: Q
authors: Zhang
authors: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (H.L., C.Z., F.S., T.X., J.M., Q.Z., C.L., S.L., J.W., B.Z., Y.L.); and The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (T.S., H.Z.).
authors: Cai-li
authors: CL
authors: Liang
authors: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (H.L., C.Z., F.S., T.X., J.M., Q.Z., C.L., S.L., J.W., B.Z., Y.L.); and The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (T.S., H.Z.).
authors: Shan
authors: S
authors: Li
authors: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (H.L., C.Z., F.S., T.X., J.M., Q.Z., C.L., S.L., J.W., B.Z., Y.L.); and The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (T.S., H.Z.).
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (H.L., C.Z., F.S., T.X., J.M., Q.Z., C.L., S.L., J.W., B.Z., Y.L.); and The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (T.S., H.Z.).
authors: Bo
authors: B
authors: Zhang
authors: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (H.L., C.Z., F.S., T.X., J.M., Q.Z., C.L., S.L., J.W., B.Z., Y.L.); and The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (T.S., H.Z.).
authors: Yan-rong
authors: YR
authors: Liu
authors: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (H.L., C.Z., F.S., T.X., J.M., Q.Z., C.L., S.L., J.W., B.Z., Y.L.); and The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (T.S., H.Z.).
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Sun
authors: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (H.L., C.Z., F.S., T.X., J.M., Q.Z., C.L., S.L., J.W., B.Z., Y.L.); and The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (T.S., H.Z.). hgzhou964@163.com.
authors: Hong-gang
authors: HG
authors: Zhou
mesh_terms: D015097:3-Mercaptopropionic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000819:agonists*; D010179:Pancreas / Q000473:pathology; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects; D015027:Zebrafish
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; C000599104:N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)-3-mercapto-2-methylpropanamide; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010636:Phenols; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D015097:3-Mercaptopropionic Acid; D000077205:Pioglitazone