title: Conservative management of neurocysticercosis in a patient with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a case report and review.
abstract: Neurocysticercosis, an infection of the central nervous system with the larval stage of the cestode Taenia solium, is common in developing countries but its occurrence and management in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has not been reported previously, to our knowledge. We report the case of an immigrant female patient who underwent a matched-related allogeneic HSCT for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and was incidentally found to have a solitary viable neurocysticercosis lesion. However, despite severe immunosuppression, the size of the cyst did not increase. More importantly, restoration of the immune system did not induce significant inflammation or seizures. Subsequent follow-up demonstrated complete resolution of the neurocysticercosis lesion. Thus, in the setting of HSCT, an asymptomatic patient with a single neurocysticercosis lesion was successfully managed without the use of anthelmintics, steroids, or anti-epileptics.
authors: Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Purvey
authors: Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Lu
authors: Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors: S K
authors: SK
authors: Mukkamalla
authors: Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Anandi
authors: Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Dumitriu
authors: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Kranick
authors: Center for Infectious Disease Imaging (CIDI), Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors: D A
authors: DA
authors: Hammoud
authors: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: O'Connell
authors: University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors: A L
authors: AL
authors: Oh
authors: Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Barrett
authors: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Mahanty
authors: Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Battiwalla
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003560:Cysts; D005260:Female; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D020019:Neurocysticercosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
keywords: Taenia solium; allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; anthelmintics; neurocysticercosis; parasite; tapeworm