title: Do patient-reported outcome measures cover personal factors important to people with rheumatoid arthritis? A mixed methods design using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health as frame of reference.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Personal factors (PFs) are internal factors that determine functioning and the individuals' experience of disability. Their coverage by patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) has not been examined in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) so far. The aims of this study were to identify PFs important in the life stories of people with RA and to determine their coverage by PROMs used in RA.
  
  
  METHODS
  The qualitative data of people with RA was explored to identify PFs. Additionally a systematic literature search was conducted to find PROMs used in RA. PROMs items were linked to the components, domains and categories of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) to determine the coverage of important PFs by PROMs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve PFs were found to be important in the life stories of people with RA. The PFs coping and reflecting about one's life in an optimistic way were covered most frequently, each by 14 of the 42 explored PROMs, while job satisfaction was not covered at all. The London Coping with Rheumatoid Arthritis Questionnaire, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale, Rheumatoid Arthritis Self-Efficacy Questionnaire and Revised Ways of Coping Inventory covered most PFs. Nineteen PROMs did not cover any of the PFs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several PFs were identified as important in the life stories of people with RA, but only 55% of the PROMS covered some of these PFs. When evaluating PFs important to people with RA, health professionals should be alert on which PROMs can be used to assess which PFs.
authors: Medical University of Vienna, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria. mona.duer@fh-krems.ac.at.|IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, Department of Health Sciences, Occupational Therapy, Piaristengasse 1, 3500, Krems, Austria. mona.duer@fh-krems.ac.at.
authors: Mona
authors: M
authors: Dür
authors: Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Research Unit for Bio Psychosocial Health, Marchioninistraße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany. michaela.coenen@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors: Michaela
authors: M
authors: Coenen
authors: Medical University of Vienna, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria. michaela.stoffer@meduniwien.ac.at.
authors: Michaela Alexandra
authors: MA
authors: Stoffer
authors: Medical University of Vienna, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria. mona.duer@fh-krems.ac.at.
authors: Veronika
authors: V
authors: Fialka-Moser
authors: Medical University of Vienna, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Diabetology, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria. alexandra.kautzky-willer@meduniwien.ac.at.
authors: Alexandra
authors: A
authors: Kautzky-Willer
authors: Diakonhjemmet Hospital, National Advisory Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Postbox 23 Vinderen, 0319, Oslo, Norway. ingvild.kjeken@diakonsyk.no.
authors: Ingvild
authors: I
authors: Kjeken
authors: "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine and Rheumatology, Piata Eftimie Murgu 2, Timişoara, 300041, Timis, Romania. rdragoi@gmail.com.
authors: Răzvan Gabriel
authors: RG
authors: Drăgoi
authors: Luleå University of Technology, Department of Health Sciences, SE-971 87, Luleå, Sweden. malin.mattsson@nll.se.|Sunderby Hospital, Department of Physiotherapy, SE-971 80, Luleå, Sweden. malin.mattsson@nll.se.
authors: Malin
authors: M
authors: Mattsson
authors: Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Alfred Nobels Allé 23, 141 83 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden. carina.bostrom@ki.se.
authors: Carina
authors: C
authors: Boström
authors: Medical University of Vienna, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria. josef.smolen@meduniwien.ac.at.
authors: Josef
authors: J
authors: Smolen
authors: Medical University of Vienna, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria. tanja.stamm@meduniwien.ac.at.|Fachhochschule Campus Wien, University of Applied Sciences, Department of Health, Favoritenstraße 226, 1100, Vienna, Austria. tanja.stamm@meduniwien.ac.at.
authors: Tanja Alexandra
authors: TA
authors: Stamm
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000145:classification* / Q000523:psychology*; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D038801:International Classification of Diseases / Q000592:standards; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D014944:World Health Organization