title: Influence of sexual dimorphism on pulmonary inflammatory response in adult mice exposed to chloroform.
abstract: Chloroform is an organic solvent used as an intermediate in the synthesis of various fluorocarbons. Despite its widespread use in industry and agriculture, exposure to chloroform can cause illnesses such as cancer, especially in the liver and kidneys. The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of chloroform on redox imbalance and pulmonary inflammatory response in adult C57BL/6 mice. Forty animals were divided into 4 groups (N = 10): female (FCG) and male (MCG) controls, and females (FEG) and males (MEG) exposed to chloroform (7.0 ppm) 3 times/d for 20 minutes for 5 days. Total and differential cell counts, oxidative damage analysis, and protein carbonyl and antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) activity measurements were performed. Morphometric analyses included alveolar area (Aa) and volume density of alveolar septa (Vv) measurements. Compared to FCG and MCG, inflammatory cell influx, oxidative damage to lipids and proteins, and CAT activity were higher in FEG and MEG, respectively. Oxidative damage and enzyme CAT activity were higher in FEG than in FCG. The Aa was higher in FEG and MEG than in FCG and MCG, respectively. The Vv was lower in FEG and MEG than in FCG and MCG, respectively. This study highlights the risks of occupational chloroform exposure at low concentrations and the intensity of oxidative damage related to gender. The results validate a model of acute exposure that provides cellular and biochemical data through short-term exposure to chloroform.
authors: Graduating in Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors: Túlio Henrique Versiani
authors: TH
authors: de Oliveira
authors: Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Laboratory of Metabolic Biochemistry (LBM), Center of Research in Biological Sciences (NUPEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors: Keila Karine Duarte
authors: KK
authors: Campos
authors: Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Laboratory of Metabolic Biochemistry (LBM), Center of Research in Biological Sciences (NUPEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors: Nícia Pedreira
authors: NP
authors: Soares
authors: Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Laboratory of Metabolic Biochemistry (LBM), Center of Research in Biological Sciences (NUPEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors: Karina Braga
authors: KB
authors: Pena
authors: Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Laboratory of Morphopathology (LMP), Center of Research in Biological Sciences (NUPEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors: Wanderson Geraldo
authors: WG
authors: Lima
authors: Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Laboratory of Metabolic Biochemistry (LBM), Center of Research in Biological Sciences (NUPEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil franksbezerra@hotmail.com.
authors: Frank Silva
authors: FS
authors: Bezerra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001273:Atmosphere Exposure Chambers; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002725:Chloroform / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal / Q000187:drug effects; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012997:Solvents / Q000633:toxicity*; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002273:Carcinogens; D012997:Solvents; D002725:Chloroform; D002374:Catalase
keywords: chloroform; lung; mice; oxidative stress; sexual dimorphism