title: Diagnostic imaging of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNEN): tumor detection, staging, prognosis, and response to treatment.
abstract: Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNEN) are rare malignancies arising from neuroendocrine cells of the pancreas. Functional tumors can present with specific clinical syndromes due to hormonal secretion. These tumors can present as incidental findings on imaging performed for unrelated purposes or they are diagnosed when workup is initiated in patients with specific syndromes or metastases. This article presents an overview of available imaging techniques focusing on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Recommendations regarding examination protocols are given. Typical imaging features of pNEN and metastases are described. Their potential value for the evaluation of prognosis as well as tumor response under treatment is discussed.
authors: Klinik für Strahlenheilkunde, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany alexander.baur@charite.de.
authors: Alexander D J
authors: AD
authors: Baur
authors: Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Hepatologie und Gastroenterologie (einschl. Arbeitsbereich Stoffwechselerkrankungen), Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors: Marianne
authors: M
authors: Pavel
authors: Klinik für Strahlenheilkunde, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors: Vikas
authors: V
authors: Prasad
authors: Klinik für Strahlenheilkunde, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors: Timm
authors: T
authors: Denecke
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D010179:Pancreas / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Neuroendocrine neoplasm; computed tomography (CT); detection; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); staging; treatment response