title: Nationwide outbreak of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Heidelberg infections associated with ground turkey: United States, 2011.
abstract: On 23 May 2011, CDC identified a multistate cluster of Salmonella Heidelberg infections and two multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates from ground turkey retail samples with indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. We defined cases as isolation of outbreak strains in persons with illness onset between 27 February 2011 and 10 November 2011. Investigators collected hypothesis-generating questionnaires and shopper-card information. Food samples from homes and retail outlets were collected and cultured. We identified 136 cases of S. Heidelberg infection in 34 states. Shopper-card information, leftover ground turkey from a patient's home containing the outbreak strain and identical antimicrobial resistance profiles of clinical and retail samples pointed to plant A as the source. On 3 August, plant A recalled 36 million pounds of ground turkey. This outbreak increased consumer interest in MDR Salmonella infections acquired through United States-produced poultry and played a vital role in strengthening food safety policies related to Salmonella and raw ground poultry.
authors: Outbreak Response and Prevention Branch,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Atlanta,GA,USA.
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Routh
authors: Outbreak Response and Prevention Branch,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Atlanta,GA,USA.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Pringle
authors: Ohio Department of Health,Columbus,OH,USA.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Mohr
authors: Michigan Department of Community Health,Lansing,MI,USA.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Bidol
authors: Michigan Department of Community Health,Lansing,MI,USA.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Arends
authors: New Mexico Department of Health,Albuquerque,NM,USA.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Adams-Cameron
authors: Outbreak Response and Prevention Branch,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Atlanta,GA,USA.
authors: W T
authors: WT
authors: Hancock
authors: USDA-FSIS,Atlanta,GA,USA.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Kissler
authors: National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System,CDC,Atlanta,GA,USA.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Rickert
authors: National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System,CDC,Atlanta,GA,USA.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Folster
authors: Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch,CDC,Atlanta,GA,USA.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Tolar
authors: Outbreak Response and Prevention Branch,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Atlanta,GA,USA.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Bosch
authors: Outbreak Response and Prevention Branch,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Atlanta,GA,USA.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Barton Behravesh
authors: Outbreak Response and Prevention Branch,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Atlanta,GA,USA.
authors: I T
authors: IT
authors: Williams
authors: Outbreak Response and Prevention Branch,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Atlanta,GA,USA.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Gieraltowski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D005260:Female; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008462:Meat-Packing Industry; D008875:Middle Aged; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D012478:Salmonella Food Poisoning / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D014422:Turkeys; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Food-borne infections; Salmonella; food safety; outbreaks; salmonellosis