title: Impact of the FIFA 11+ on the structure of select muscles in adolescent female soccer players.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the impact of an injury prevention program (FIFA11+) on the structure of select trunk and leg muscles in adolescent female soccer players.
  
  
  METHODS
  Exploratory analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  University Sport Medicine Centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  23 female soccer players (aged 14-16) recruited from a FIFA11 + implementation trial grouped by high and low 11 + exposure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pre and post-season sonographic measures of the rectus abdominis, external and internal oblique, transversus abdominis, inter-recti distance (IRD), lumbar multifidus, gluteus medius and minimus, and vastus medialis. Mean (95% confidence intervals; CI) were calculated for pre, post and pre-post season change of all parameters and univariate analyses used to compare groups (α = 0.001).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both low (mean = 149 ± 9 exercises/year) and high (mean = 314 ± 15 exercises/year) 11 + exposure groups demonstrated significant post-season decreases in IRD at rest (p < 0.001) and during a leg lift (p < 0.001). No other between or within group differences existed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Levels of FIFA11 + exposure were not associated with differential changes in the morphology of investigated muscles. As the IRD of participants in both exposure groups decreased it is possible that the protective mechanism of the FIFA11 + may be associated with alterations in neuromuscular control that result in abdominal wall adaptations.
authors: Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4; The Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child & Maternal Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4. Electronic address: j.whittaker@ucalgary.ca.
authors: Jackie L
authors: JL
authors: Whittaker
authors: Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4; The Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child & Maternal Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4.
authors: Carolyn A
authors: CA
authors: Emery
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012916:Soccer / Q000293:injuries*; D014463:Ultrasonography
keywords: Injury prevention; Inter-recti distance; Soccer; Sonography