title: Efficacy and safety of a fixed combination of tramadol and paracetamol (acetaminophen) as pain therapy within palliative medicine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of the research was to determine the efficacy of a fixed combination of tramadol and paracetamol (acetaminophen) in the treatment of pain of patients with the advanced stage of cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study was conducted at the Center for Palliative Care, University Clinical Center Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, from January 1(st) to December 31(st) 2013. A total of 353 patients who were treated with a fixed combination of tramadol and acetaminophen (37.5 mg and 325 mg) at the initial dosage 3x1 tablet (112.5 mg tramadol and 975 mg acetaminophen) for pain intensity 4, up to 4x2 tablets (300 mg of tramadol and 2600 mg paracetamol) for pain intensity 7 and 8. If the patient during previous day has two or more pain episodes that required a "rescue dose" of tramadol, increased was the dose of fixed combination tramadol and acetaminophen to a maximum of 8 tablets daily (300 mg of tramadol and 2600 mg paracetamol). Statistical analysis was performed by biomedical software MedCalc for Windows version 9.4.2.0. The difference was considered significant for P<0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average duration of treatment with a fixed combination tramadol and acetaminophen was 57 days (13-330 days). Already after 24 hours of treatment the average pain score was significantly lower (p<0.0001) compared to the admission day [5.00 (4:00 to 8:00) during the first days versus 2.00 (1:00 to 7:00) during the second day of treatment]. The average dose of the fixed combination tramadol and acetaminophen tablets was 4.8 ± 1.8 (180 mg of tramadol and 1560 mg paracetamol). Side effects, in the treatment of pain with a fixed combination tramadol and acetaminophen, were found in 29.18% of patients, with a predominance of nausea and vomiting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fixed combination of tramadol and acetaminophen can be used as an effective combination in the treatment of chronic cancer pain, with frequent dose evaluation and mild side effects.
authors: Center for Palliative Care, Public Health Institution, University Clinical Center Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
authors: Samir
authors: S
authors: Husic
authors: Center for Palliative Care, Public Health Institution, University Clinical Center Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
authors: Senad
authors: S
authors: Izic
authors: Public Health Institution, Primary Health Care Center Ljubuski, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
authors: Srecko
authors: S
authors: Matic
authors: Drug wholesalers Company, Farmavita Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
authors: Aziz
authors: A
authors: Sukalo
keywords: carcinoma pain; fixed combination tramadol and paracetamol; side effects