title: Assessing serum hemoglobin levels without venipuncture: accuracy and reliability of Pronto-7 noninvasive spot-check device.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hemoglobin is a frequently obtained test in hospital settings. We analyzed accuracy of a noninvasive device compared to standard laboratory analyzers in a variety of settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  A noninvasive hemoglobin monitoring device was analyzed for reliability, correlation, precision, and bias. Hemoglobin levels were obtained from standard laboratory and point-of-care hemoglobin analyzers and compared to noninvasive hemoglobin in inpatient and military field environments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-seven patients were enrolled. Overall, the noninvasive hemoglobin device had high correlation compared to invasive laboratory values. Stratified by location, the device had high correlation in hospital and low correlation in austere environment. The highest variation in accuracy was seen in the austere environment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, the noninvasive spot-check hemoglobin device is reliable and highly correlates to standard hemoglobin analysis. Use in an austere setting requires further study.
authors: Department of Surgery, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040a Fitzsimmons Drive, Tacoma, WA, USA. Electronic address: mia.debarros@gmail.com.
authors: Mia
authors: M
authors: DeBarros
authors: Department of Surgery, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040a Fitzsimmons Drive, Tacoma, WA, USA.
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Shawhan
authors: Department of Surgery, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040a Fitzsimmons Drive, Tacoma, WA, USA.
authors: Jason
authors: J
authors: Bingham
authors: Department of Surgery, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040a Fitzsimmons Drive, Tacoma, WA, USA.
authors: Kyle
authors: K
authors: Sokol
authors: Department of Surgery, Legacy Emanuel Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA.
authors: Seth
authors: S
authors: Izenberg
authors: Department of Surgery, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040a Fitzsimmons Drive, Tacoma, WA, USA; Department of Surgery, Legacy Emanuel Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA.
authors: Matthew
authors: M
authors: Martin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016638:Critical Illness; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018962:Phlebotomy; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins
keywords: Anemia; Noninvasive hemoglobin monitoring; Point-of-care analyzers