title: Evolution of gene regulation during transcription and translation.
abstract: Understanding how gene regulation evolves is a key area in the current evolutionary field. Gene regulation occurs at various levels. Previous work on the evolution of gene regulation has largely focused on gene transcription. In this study, we used a recently developed ribosomal footprint profiling method to investigate how gene regulation evolves at both the transcription (mRNA abundance) and translation (ribosomal density) levels. By constructing a hybrid between Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Scer) and Saccharomyces bayanus (Sbay), which diverged ∼20 Ma, and quantifying transcriptome and translatome in both parental strains and their hybrid, we showed that translation is much more conserved than transcription, mostly due to the buffering effect of translational regulation for the transcriptional divergence. More conservation in translation than transcription is also confirmed by the inheritance mode of transcription and translation between two species. Furthermore, cis and trans effects are widely involved in changes at both transcription and translation levels. Finally, our results showed that genes with certain functions and sequence features might employ specific modes for evolution at these two critical levels of gene regulation. Our results demonstrated that it is essential to investigate the evolution of gene regulation at various levels from different genetic backgrounds to obtain a complete picture of its evolutionary modes in nature.
authors: Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca.
authors: Zhe
authors: Z
authors: Wang
authors: Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors: Xuepeng
authors: X
authors: Sun
authors: Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Zhao
authors: Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca.
authors: Xiaoxian
authors: X
authors: Guo
authors: Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Tianjin Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China.
authors: Huifeng
authors: H
authors: Jiang
authors: College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors: Hongye
authors: H
authors: Li
authors: Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca zg27@cornell.edu.
authors: Zhenglong
authors: Z
authors: Gu
mesh_terms: D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D040582:Inheritance Patterns; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012440:Saccharomyces / Q000235:genetics; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
keywords: RNA-Seq; evolution of gene regulation; ribosomal profiling