title: Evolution of genetic techniques: past, present, and beyond.
abstract: Genetics is the study of heredity, which means the study of genes and factors related to all aspects of genes. The scientific history of genetics began with the works of Gregor Mendel in the mid-19th century. Prior to Mendel, genetics was primarily theoretical whilst, after Mendel, the science of genetics was broadened to include experimental genetics. Developments in all fields of genetics and genetic technology in the first half of the 20th century provided a basis for the later developments. In the second half of the 20th century, the molecular background of genetics has become more understandable. Rapid technological advancements, followed by the completion of Human Genome Project, have contributed a great deal to the knowledge of genetic factors and their impact on human life and diseases. Currently, more than 1800 disease genes have been identified, more than 2000 genetic tests have become available, and in conjunction with this at least 350 biotechnology-based products have been released onto the market. Novel technologies, particularly next generation sequencing, have dramatically accelerated the pace of biological research, while at the same time increasing expectations. In this paper, a brief summary of genetic history with short explanations of most popular genetic techniques is given.
authors: Department of Medical Genetics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, 35100 Izmir, Turkey.
authors: Asude Alpman
authors: AA
authors: Durmaz
authors: Department of Medical Genetics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, 35100 Izmir, Turkey.
authors: Emin
authors: E
authors: Karaca
authors: Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology, Warsaw University Faculty of Medicine, 61 02-091 Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Urszula
authors: 0000-0003-0674-9824
authors: U
authors: Demkow
authors: Institute of Genomic Medicine, UMDNJ-NJ Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
authors: Gokce
authors: 0000-0002-5305-6337
authors: G
authors: Toruner
authors: Department of Medical Genetics, Cancer Cytogenetic Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors: Jacqueline
authors: J
authors: Schoumans
authors: Department of Medical Genetics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, 35100 Izmir, Turkey.
authors: Ozgur
authors: O
authors: Cogulu
mesh_terms: D005821:Genetic Techniques / Q000266:history / Q000639:trends*; D005823:Genetics / Q000266:history / Q000639:trends*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans