title: Esophageal variceal pressure influence on the effect of ligation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the effect of in vitro porcine esophageal variceal pressure on complete ligation degree for polycyclic ligators.
  
  
  METHODS
  An in vitro model of experimental porcine venous vessels was used to test various venous pressures. Three treatment groups were designated according to the preset pressure range: P1 = 25-30 cmH₂O; P₂ = 35-40 cmH₂O; P₃ = 45-50 cmH2O. The effect of pressure on ligation was assessed and compared among the groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete ligation was achieved at a rate of 56.25% (18/32) in group P1, 37.5% (12/32) in group P₂, and 33.33% (11/33) in group P₃ (χ (2) = 3.6126; P = 0.0573).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher variceal pressures impair the ligation completion rate. Therefore, measuring variceal pressure may help predict the effect of endoscopic ligation and guide treatment choice.
authors: Zhi-Qun Li, En-Qiang LingHu, Qi-Yang Huang, Yong-Wei Zhao, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors: Zhi-Qun
authors: ZQ
authors: Li
authors: Zhi-Qun Li, En-Qiang LingHu, Qi-Yang Huang, Yong-Wei Zhao, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors: En-Qiang
authors: EQ
authors: LingHu
authors: Zhi-Qun Li, En-Qiang LingHu, Qi-Yang Huang, Yong-Wei Zhao, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Hu
authors: Zhi-Qun Li, En-Qiang LingHu, Qi-Yang Huang, Yong-Wei Zhao, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors: Wei-Min
authors: WM
authors: Li
authors: Zhi-Qun Li, En-Qiang LingHu, Qi-Yang Huang, Yong-Wei Zhao, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors: Qi-Yang
authors: QY
authors: Huang
authors: Zhi-Qun Li, En-Qiang LingHu, Qi-Yang Huang, Yong-Wei Zhao, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors: Yong-Wei
authors: YW
authors: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004945:Esophagoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008026:Ligation; D008365:Manometry; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D011312:Pressure; D013552:Swine; D014945:Wound Healing
keywords: Endoscopic variceal ligation; Mold of animal; Variceal pressure