title: Involvement of 14-3-3 protein GRF9 in root growth and response under polyethylene glycol-induced water stress.
abstract: Plant 14-3-3 proteins are phosphoserine-binding proteins that regulate a wide array of targets via direct protein-protein interactions. In this study, the role of a 14-3-3 protein, GRF9, in plant response to water stress was investigated. Arabidopsis wild-type, GRF9-deficient mutant (grf9), and GRF9-overexpressing (OE) plants were treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to induce mild water stress. OE plant showed better whole-plant growth and root growth than the wild type under normal or water stress conditions while the grf9 mutant showed worse growth. In OE plants, GRF9 favours the allocation of shoot carbon to roots. In addition, GRF9 enhanced proton extrusion, mainly in the root elongation zone and root hair zone, and maintained root growth under mild water stress. Grafting among the wild type, OE, and grf9 plants showed that when OE plants were used as the scion and GRF9 was overexpressed in the shoot, it enhanced sucrose transport into the root, and when OE plants were used as rootstock and GRF9 was overexpressed in the root, it caused more release of protons into the root surface under water stress. Taken together, the results suggest that under PEG-induced water stress, GRF9 is involved in allocating more carbon from the shoot to the root and enhancing proton secretion in the root growing zone, and this process is important for root response to mild water stress.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
authors: Yuchi
authors: Y
authors: He
authors: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
authors: Jingjing
authors: J
authors: Wu
authors: Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
authors: Bing
authors: B
authors: Lv
authors: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
authors: Jia
authors: J
authors: Li
authors: School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, China.
authors: Zhiping
authors: Z
authors: Gao
authors: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong jhzhang@cuhk.edu.hk wfxu@issas.ac.cn.
authors: Weifeng
authors: W
authors: Xu
authors: Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, Universtiy of Bonn, Germany.
authors: František
authors: F
authors: Baluška
authors: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
authors: Weiming
authors: W
authors: Shi
authors: School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors: Pang Chui
authors: PC
authors: Shaw
authors: School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong jhzhang@cuhk.edu.hk wfxu@issas.ac.cn.
authors: Jianhua
authors: J
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D018533:Biomass; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D003681:Dehydration; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D005964:Glucosyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D052585:Phloem / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000378:metabolism; D011522:Protons; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013214:Starch Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D013395:Sucrose / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C000604248:GRF9 protein, Arabidopsis; D011522:Protons; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D013395:Sucrose; D005964:Glucosyltransferases; C022698:sucrose-phosphate synthase; D013214:Starch Synthase; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases
keywords: 14-3-3 protein; GRF9; carbon allocation; proton secretion; root growth; water stress.