title: A mechanostatistical approach to cortical bone remodelling: an equine model.
abstract: In this study, the development of a mechanostatistical model of three-dimensional cortical bone remodelling informed with in vivo equine data is presented. The equine model was chosen as it is highly translational to the human condition due to similar Haversian systems, availability of in vivo bone strain and biomarker data, and furthermore, equine models are recommended by the US Federal Drugs Administration for comparative joint research. The model was derived from micro-computed tomography imaged specimens taken from the equine third metacarpal bone, and the Frost-based 'mechanostat' was informed from both in vivo strain gauges and biomarkers to estimate bone growth rates. The model also described the well-known 'cutting cone' phenomena where Haversian canals tunnel and replace bone. In order to make this model useful in practice, a partial least squares regression (PLSR) surrogate model was derived based on training data from finite element simulations with different loads. The PLSR model was able to predict microstructure and homogenised Young's modulus with errors less than 2.2% and 0.6%, respectively.
authors: Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. xm.wang@auckland.ac.nz.
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
authors: C D L
authors: CD
authors: Thomas
authors: Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
authors: J G
authors: JG
authors: Clement
authors: Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Das
authors: Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Davies
authors: Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.|Department of Engineering Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors: J W
authors: JW
authors: Fernandez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D000071538:Cortical Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D006253:Haversian System / Q000502:physiology; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008954:Models, Biological; D015233:Models, Statistical; D016474:Weight-Bearing; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
keywords: Bone remodelling; Cortical bone; Equine; Mechanostat; Mechanostatistical