title: Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.): Nutrients, bioactive compounds, and potential impact on human health.
abstract: Sorghum is the fifth most produced cereal in the world and is a source of nutrients and bioactive compounds for the human diet. We summarize the recent findings concerning the nutrients and bioactive compounds of sorghum and its potential impact on human health, analyzing the limitations and positive points of the studies and proposing directions for future research. Sorghum is basically composed of starch, which is more slowly digested than that of other cereals, has low digestibility proteins and unsaturated lipids, and is a source of some minerals and vitamins. Furthermore, most sorghum varieties are rich in phenolic compounds, especially 3-deoxyanthocyanidins and tannins. The results obtained in vitro and in animals have shown that phenolics compounds and fat soluble compounds (polycosanols) isolated from sorghum benefit the gut microbiota and parameters related to obesity, oxidative stress, inflammation, diabetes, dyslipidemia, cancer, and hypertension. The effects of whole sorghum and its fractions on human health need to be evaluated. In conclusion, sorghum is a source of nutrients and bioactive compounds, especially 3-deoxyanthocyanidins, tannins, and polycosanols, which beneficially modulate, in vitro and in animals, parameters related to noncommunicable diseases. Studies should be conducted to evaluate the effects of different processing on protein and starch digestibility of sorghum as well as on the profile and bioavailability of its bioactive compounds, especially 3-deoxyanthocyanidins and tannins. Furthermore, the benefits resulting from the interaction of bioactive compounds in sorghum and human microbiota should be studied.
authors: a Federal University of Juiz de Fora , Department of Nutrition , Minas Gerais , Brazil .
authors: Leandro
authors: L
authors: de Morais Cardoso
authors: b Laboratory of Vitamins Analysis, Department of Nutrition and Health , Federal University of Viçosa , Minas Gerais , Brazil.
authors: Soraia Silva
authors: SS
authors: Pinheiro
authors: c Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Health , Federal University of Viçosa , Viçosa, Minas Gerais , Brazil.
authors: Hércia Stampini Duarte
authors: HS
authors: Martino
authors: b Laboratory of Vitamins Analysis, Department of Nutrition and Health , Federal University of Viçosa , Minas Gerais , Brazil.
authors: Helena Maria
authors: HM
authors: Pinheiro-Sant'Ana
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D004063:Digestion; D064806:Dysbiosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005511:Food Handling; D055951:Functional Food / Q000032:analysis*; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D009753:Nutritive Value; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012306:Risk; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D045868:Sorghum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D013045:Species Specificity
keywords: 3-deoxyanthocyanidins; Nutritional value; cancer; noncommunicable diseases; oxidative stress; tannins