title: Parity of indigenous and non-indigenous women in Brazil: does the reported number of children born depend upon who answers national census questions?
abstract: Taking parity as the main analytic variable, the objective of this study is to investigate whether the patterns of response to national census questions in Brazil differ when Indigenous and non-Indigenous women are compared, taking into consideration whether the information was provided by the women directly or by a proxy respondent (another household member or a non-resident). We use data on children ever born to Indigenous and non-Indigenous women from two Brazilian regions, the Northeast and the North. Data on the number of household members, total household rooms, interviewee's color/race, educational attainment, age, parity, and type of respondent were obtained from the 2010 Brazilian census. The relation between color/race and reported parity, as well as the impact of the type of respondent on this association were assessed with the Zero-inflated Negative Binomial regression, stratified by region (North and Northeast) and urban/rural status. Just over half of census interviewees answered directly the census questions (51.2% in the North and 54.4% in the Northeast). Indigenous women in the North region had the highest percentage of interviews carried out with a non-resident (12.7% total; 15.0% and 3.0% in rural and urban areas, respectively). Regardless of color/race, parity means were considerably higher when the question was answered by the woman directly (93.5%-101.4% and 15.6%-21.7% higher, compared co-resident and non-resident based answers, respectively). Parity underreporting was particularly strong in Indigenous women living in the rural North (16.0% less in comparison to White women). Proxy respondents tend to underestimate the count of children, particularly among Indigenous women from the North. The implementation of certain methodological alternatives in the Brazilian national censuses, such as the selection and training of census takers to work specifically in Indigenous territories, might be a productive means to improve data collection.
authors: Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors: Ricardo
authors: R
authors: Ventura Santos
authors: Departamento de Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
authors: João
authors: J
authors: Luiz Bastos
authors: Programa de Computação Científica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors: Oswaldo
authors: O
authors: Gonçalves Cruz
authors: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Unidade Estadual de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors: Luciene Aparecida Ferreira
authors: LA
authors: de Barros Longo
authors: Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States of America.
authors: Nancy May
authors: NM
authors: Flowers
authors: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Diretoria de Pesquisas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors: Nilza
authors: N
authors: de Oliveira Martins Pereira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil; D019352:Censuses; D002648:Child; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods*; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007199:Indians, South American; D008875:Middle Aged; D010298:Parity; D011157:Population Dynamics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012424:Rural Population; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population; D044465:White People