title: Evaluation of point-of-contact circulating cathodic antigen assays for the detection of Schistosoma mansoni infection in low-, moderate-, and high-prevalence schools in western Kenya.
abstract: We evaluated the performance of a point-of-contact circulating cathodic antigen assay (POC-CCA) to detect schistosome infections in primary school children (N = 1,801) living in areas with low, moderate, and high Schistosoma mansoni prevalence in western Kenya. The commercially available assay (CCA-1) and a second, experimental formulation (CCA-2) were compared against Kato-Katz stool examinations and an anti-schistosome enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A latent class model based on the four tests was used to establish "true infection status" in three different zones based on their distance from Lake Victoria. As a screening tool for community treatment according to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, the Kato-Katz examination was in closest agreement with the latent class model, followed by the experimental CCA-2, soluble adult worm antigen preparation (SWAP) ELISA, and CCA-1, which had high sensitivity compared with the other tests but was consistently the least specific. Our experience suggests that POC-CCA tests offer a field-friendly alternative to Kato-Katz, but need further interpretation for appropriate field use.
authors: Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Global Health/IHCAR, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.
authors: Karen T
authors: KT
authors: Foo
authors: Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Global Health/IHCAR, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.
authors: Anna J
authors: AJ
authors: Blackstock
authors: Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Global Health/IHCAR, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.
authors: Elizabeth A
authors: EA
authors: Ochola
authors: Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Global Health/IHCAR, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.
authors: Daniel O
authors: DO
authors: Matete
authors: Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Global Health/IHCAR, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.
authors: Pauline N M
authors: PN
authors: Mwinzi
authors: Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Global Health/IHCAR, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.
authors: Susan P
authors: SP
authors: Montgomery
authors: Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Global Health/IHCAR, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.
authors: Diana M S
authors: DM
authors: Karanja
authors: Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Global Health/IHCAR, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya was4@cdc.gov.
authors: W Evan
authors: WE
authors: Secor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000652:urine*; D002648:Child; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D060106:Lakes / Q000469:parasitology; D008297:Male; D010270:Parasite Egg Count; D015995:Prevalence; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000592:standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni; D012555:Schistosomiasis mansoni / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000652:urine; D012574:Schools / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic