title: Different functional neural substrates for good and poor language outcome in autism.
abstract: Autism (ASD) is vastly heterogeneous, particularly in early language development. While ASD language trajectories in the first years of life are highly unstable, by early childhood these trajectories stabilize and are predictive of longer-term outcome. Early neural substrates that predict/precede such outcomes are largely unknown, but could have considerable translational and clinical impact. Pre-diagnosis fMRI response to speech in ASD toddlers with relatively good language outcome was highly similar to non-ASD comparison groups and robustly recruited language-sensitive superior temporal cortices. In contrast, language-sensitive superior temporal cortices were hypoactive in ASD toddlers with poor language outcome. Brain-behavioral relationships were atypically reversed in ASD, and a multimodal combination of pre-diagnostic clinical behavioral measures and speech-related fMRI response showed the most promise as an ASD prognosis classifier. Thus, before ASD diagnoses and outcome become clinically clear, distinct functional neuroimaging phenotypes are already present that can shed insight on an ASD toddler's later outcome. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, 1 Panepistimiou Avenue, Aglantzia, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus; Center for Applied Neuroscience, University of Cyprus, 1 Panepistimiou Avenue, Aglantzia, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus; Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Douglas House, 18B Trumpington Road, Cambridge CB2 8AH, UK. Electronic address: mvlombardo@gmail.com.
authors: Michael V
authors: MV
authors: Lombardo
authors: Autism Center of Excellence, Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, 8110 La Jolla Shores Drive, Suite 201, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors: Karen
authors: K
authors: Pierce
authors: Autism Center of Excellence, Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, 8110 La Jolla Shores Drive, Suite 201, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA; VISN 22 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
authors: Lisa T
authors: LT
authors: Eyler
authors: Autism Center of Excellence, Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, 8110 La Jolla Shores Drive, Suite 201, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors: Cindy
authors: C
authors: Carter Barnes
authors: Autism Center of Excellence, Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, 8110 La Jolla Shores Drive, Suite 201, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors: Clelia
authors: C
authors: Ahrens-Barbeau
authors: Autism Center of Excellence, Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, 8110 La Jolla Shores Drive, Suite 201, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors: Stephanie
authors: S
authors: Solso
authors: Autism Center of Excellence, Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, 8110 La Jolla Shores Drive, Suite 201, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors: Kathleen
authors: K
authors: Campbell
authors: Autism Center of Excellence, Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, 8110 La Jolla Shores Drive, Suite 201, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Electronic address: ecourchesne@ucsd.edu.
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Courchesne
mesh_terms: D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007804:Language Development; D007807:Language Tests; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*