title: An economic evaluation of conception strategies for heterosexual serodiscordant couples where the male partner is HIV-positive.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To conduct an economic evaluation of the three commonly used interventions that reduce sexual HIV transmission when an HIV-negative female aims to conceive with an HIV-positive male on combination antiretroviral therapy (condomless sex restricted to timed ovulation [CS], sperm washing with intrauterine insemination [SW] and condomless sex restricted to timed ovulation with pre-exposure prophylaxis [CS-PrEP]). As SW and CS-PrEP are only privately available for pregnancy planning for this population in Canada, this study was conducted to inform policy decisions concerning potential public health insurance coverage, as well as to inform fertility counselling in settings with adequate combination antiretroviral therapy access globally.
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed a cohort Markov model with a lifetime horizon and used the perspective of Ontario's Ministry of Health (MOH). Input parameters were drawn from literature, the MOH's Schedule of Benefits and a time trade-off questionnaire designed for this study. Outcome measures included quality-adjusted life-years and incremental cost-effectiveness. Costs and benefits were discounted at annual rates of 3%. Costs were reported in Canadian 2013 dollars and an exchange rate of 1 USD to 1.066 CND was applied where necessary. Sensitivity analysis assessed the uncertainty of model parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The base case analysis found that CS-PrEP and SW were each more costly and less effective at conception than CS. The results were robust in the sensitivity analysis and suggest that CS is the dominant conception strategy in this population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neither CS-PrEP nor SW represent better value for money relative to CS as a conception option for HIV-discordant couples with positive male partners. Based on these findings, CS-PrEP and SW cannot be recommended for public-funding in developed countries.
authors: Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors: Michelle
authors: M
authors: Letchumanan
authors: Peter C
authors: PC
authors: Coyte
authors: Mona
authors: M
authors: Loutfy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002170:Canada; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005193:Family Planning Services / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006678:HIV / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D020010:Heterosexuality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008390:Markov Chains; D010060:Ovulation / Q000502:physiology; D065129:Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D011247:Pregnancy; D013997:Time Factors; D047568:Unsafe Sex
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents