title: Risk Factors for Adopting Extreme Weight-Control Behaviors among Public School Adolescents in Salvador, Brazil: A Case-Control Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study identifies the risk factors for extreme weight-control behaviors among adolescents in public school in Salvador, northeastern Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study nested to a cross-sectional study, including 252 adolescents of both sexes, age between 11 to 17 years, with 84 cases and 168 age-matched controls was conducted. The variable outcome is represented by extreme weight-control behaviors, integrated by following the variables: self-induced vomiting and the use of laxatives, diuretics, or diet pills. Covariables included body image dissatisfaction, dieting, prolonged fasting, and self-perception of body weight. The study also investigated the demographic and anthropometric variables and economic conditions of the students' families. Conditional logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for the adoption of extreme weight-control behaviors among adolescents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the adolescents investigated, the conditional logistic regression explained 22% the occurrence of extreme weight-control behaviors and showed that these behaviors were positively associated to overweight (odds ratio [OR] = 3.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.42-9.17), body image dissatisfaction (OR = 3.87; 95% CI, 1.75-8.54), and the adoption of a restrictive diet (OR = 2.83; 95% CI, 1.16-6.91).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that among adolescents, overweight, body image dissatisfaction, and restrictive diet are important risk factors to adoption of extreme weight-control behaviors.
authors: a Department of Nutritional Science , Federal University of Bahia , Salvador , Bahia , BRAZIL.
authors: Mônica Leila Portela
authors: ML
authors: de Santana
authors: a Department of Nutritional Science , Federal University of Bahia , Salvador , Bahia , BRAZIL.
authors: Ana Marlúcia Oliveira
authors: AM
authors: Assis
authors: a Department of Nutritional Science , Federal University of Bahia , Salvador , Bahia , BRAZIL.
authors: Rita de Cássia Ribeiro
authors: Rde C
authors: Silva
authors: d Department of Clinical and Health Psychology , Autonomous University of Barcelona , Barcelona , SPAIN.
authors: Rosa María
authors: RM
authors: Raich
authors: a Department of Nutritional Science , Federal University of Bahia , Salvador , Bahia , BRAZIL.
authors: Maria Ester Pereira da Conceição
authors: ME
authors: Machado
authors: b Center of Health Sciences , Federal University of Bahia , Salvador , Bahia , BRAZIL.
authors: Elizabete de Jesus
authors: Ede J
authors: Pinto
authors: c Department of Statistics , Federal University of Bahia , Salvador , Bahia , BRAZIL.
authors: Lia Terezinha Lana Pimenta
authors: LT
authors: de Moraes
authors: e Department of Pediatrics , Federal University of Bahia , Bahia , BRAZIL.
authors: Hugo da Costa
authors: Hda C
authors: Ribeiro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001067:Appetite Depressants; D001828:Body Image; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D004232:Diuretics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D054368:Laxatives; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D012307:Risk Factors; D012574:Schools; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001067:Appetite Depressants; D004232:Diuretics; D054368:Laxatives
keywords: adolescents; body image; case-control study; extreme weight control; obesity; risk factors