title: Enhancement of anti-tumor effect of particulate vaccine delivery system by 'bacteriomimetic' CpG functionalization of poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Low immunogenicity remains a major obstacle in realizing the full potential of cancer vaccines. In this study, we evaluated CpG-coated tumor antigen (Tag)-encapsulating 'bacteriomimetic' nanoparticles (CpG-nanoparticle [NP]-Tag NPs) as an approach to enhance anti-tumor immunity.
  
  
  METHODS
  CpG-NP-Tag NPs were synthesized, characterized for their physicochemical properties and tested in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found CpG predosing followed by intraperitoneal (IP) immunization with CpG-NP-Tag NPs significantly attenuated tumor growth in female BALB/c mice compared with respective controls. Histopathological and Immunofluorescence data revealed CpG-NP-Tag tumors had lower proliferation, higher apoptotic activity, greater CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell infiltration as well as higher IFN-γ levels as compared with control groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest CpG-NP-Tag NPs can enhance anti-tumor effect of nanoparticulate tumor vaccination system.
authors: Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center (UNTHSC), Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.
authors: Rutika A
authors: RA
authors: Kokate
authors: Sanjay I
authors: SI
authors: Thamake
authors: Pankaj
authors: P
authors: Chaudhary
authors: Brittney
authors: B
authors: Mott
authors: Sangram
authors: S
authors: Raut
authors: Jamboor K
authors: JK
authors: Vishwanatha
authors: Harlan P
authors: HP
authors: Jones
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000737:chemistry*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000235:genetics*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005260:Female; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D049449:Luminescence; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D050997:Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D010316:Particle Size; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: NP; antigen; breast cancer; immunotherapy; nanoparticle; vaccines