title: Regulation of Apoptotic Endonucleases by EndoG.
abstract: Cells contain several apoptotic endonucleases, which appear to act simultaneously before and after cell death by destroying the host cell DNA. It is largely unknown how the endonucleases are being induced and whether they can regulate each other. This study was performed to determine whether apoptotic mitochondrial endonuclease G (EndoG) can regulate expression of other apoptotic endonucleases. The study showed that overexpression of mature EndoG in kidney tubular epithelial NRK-52E cells can increase expression of caspase-activated DNase (CAD) and four endonucleases that belong to DNase I group including DNase I, DNase X, DNase IL2, and DNase γ, but not endonucleases of the DNase 2 group. The induction of DNase I-type endonucleases was associated with DNA degradation in promoter/exon 1 regions of the endonuclease genes. These results together with findings on colocalization of immunostained endonucleases and TUNEL suggest that DNA fragmentation after EndoG overexpression was caused by DNase I endonucleases and CAD in addition to EndoG itself. Overall, these data provide first evidence for the existence of the integral network of apoptotic endonucleases regulated by EndoG.
authors: 1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas.
authors: Dmitry D
authors: DD
authors: Zhdanov
authors: Tariq
authors: T
authors: Fahmi
authors: Xiaoying
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Eugene O
authors: EO
authors: Apostolov
authors: Nikolai N
authors: NN
authors: Sokolov
authors: Sabzali
authors: S
authors: Javadov
authors: Alexei G
authors: AG
authors: Basnakian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003851:Deoxyribonucleases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004706:Endodeoxyribonucleases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D003851:Deoxyribonucleases; D004706:Endodeoxyribonucleases; C109663:caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease; C052391:endonuclease G; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I