title: Transmembrane protein 63A is a partner protein of Haemonchus contortus galectin in the regulation of goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hco-gal-m and -f were two isoforms of galectin cloned from male and female Haemonchus contortus, respectively, and it was demonstrated that recombinant Hco-gal-m and -f could act as immune suppressors. However, little is known about the receptors or binding partners of these galectins in the host. The research of the molecular mechanisms that govern the interactions between these galectins and host molecules will fill a gap in our understanding how parasite galectins interact with host cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  A yeast two-hybrid system was used to identify the binding partners of Hco-gal-m and -f in this research. The interaction between rHco-gal-m and candidate binding protein was validated by co-immunoprecipitation. The localization of transmembrane protein 63A (TMEM63A) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was detected by immunofluorescence. The distribution of TMEM63A in T cells, B cells and monocytes in PBMCs was detected by flow cytometry. The immunomodulatory effects of Hco-gal-m and TMEM63A on cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, nitric oxide production and cytokine secretion were observed by co-incubation of rHco-gal-m and TMEM63A-siRNA with goat PBMCs and monocytes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that TMEM63A, a functionally unknown protein, from goat PBMCs could bind to Hco-gal-m and -f. Immunofluorescence showed that TMEM63A was localized to the cell membrane. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that TMEM63A was expressed in the majority of goat PBMCs. After using RNA interference to knockdown expression of TMEM63A, the PBMC proliferation and migration were significantly increased, while the influence of rHco-gal-m on monocyte phagocytosis, PBMC nitric oxide production and migration were potently blocked. In addition, the production of IL-10, IFN-γ and TGF-β induced by rHco-gal-m were also altered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that TMEM63A is a binding partner of Hco-gal-m/f, and involved in the immune responses of host PBMCs induced by Hco-gal-m for the first time.
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China. adorehere@sina.com.
authors: Cheng
authors: C
authors: Yuan
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China. zhanghuimei1989@qq.com.
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Zhang
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China. wangwang4x@gmail.com.
authors: Wang
authors: W
authors: Wang
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China. liyanzd@qq.com.
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China. yanruofeng@njau.edu.cn.
authors: RuoFeng
authors: R
authors: Yan
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China. xulixin@njau.edu.cn.
authors: LiXin
authors: L
authors: Xu
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China. songxiaokai@njau.edu.cn.
authors: XiaoKai
authors: X
authors: Song
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China. lixiangrui@njau.edu.cn.
authors: XiangRui
authors: X
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D037161:Galectins / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006041:Goats / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology; D006189:Haemonchus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding
chemical_list: D037161:Galectins; D008565:Membrane Proteins