title: Environmental Surveillance of Non-polio Enteroviruses in Poland, 2011.
abstract: The aim of this study was to apply environmental surveillance to evaluate circulation of non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) in sewage in Poland. Samples of raw sewage were collected in 14 sewage disposal systems from January to December, 2011. Sewage samples were concentrated prior to analysis by RT-PCR and isolation in cells (RD, L20B and Caco-2). Out of the 165 analysed samples, 127 (77%) were positive for enteroviruses using RT-PCR and 109 (66%) were positive for enteroviruses using cell culture methods and the highest detection rate was observed in the summer and autumn. In total, 141 enteroviruses were identified using neutralization test (107 NPEVs and 34 polioviruses). Accounting for 52% of all the detected NPEVs, E11 and E3 were the predominant serotypes identified in raw sewage. Retrospectively, E11 was the known aetiology for the past aseptic meningitis outbreaks in Poland, as E3 being rarely associated with any outbreak prior to 2013. In conclusion, the environmental surveillance provides data which may help in understanding the epidemiology of enteroviruses in humans.
authors: Department of Virology, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24 Str., 00-791, Warsaw, Poland, mwieczorek@pzh.gov.pl.
authors: Magdalena
authors: M
authors: Wieczorek
authors: Agnieszka
authors: A
authors: Ciąćka
authors: Agnieszka
authors: A
authors: Witek
authors: Łukasz
authors: Ł
authors: Kuryk
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Żuk-Wasek
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D011044:Poland; D012621:Seasons; D065288:Serogroup; D012722:Sewage / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage