title: A covalent adduct of MbtN, an acyl-ACP dehydrogenase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, reveals an unusual acyl-binding pocket.
abstract: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causative agent of tuberculosis. Access to iron in host macrophages depends on iron-chelating siderophores called mycobactins and is strongly correlated with Mtb virulence. Here, the crystal structure of an Mtb enzyme involved in mycobactin biosynthesis, MbtN, in complex with its FAD cofactor is presented at 2.30 Å resolution. The polypeptide fold of MbtN conforms to that of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACAD) family, consistent with its predicted role of introducing a double bond into the acyl chain of mycobactin. Structural comparisons and the presence of an acyl carrier protein, MbtL, in the same gene locus suggest that MbtN acts on an acyl-(acyl carrier protein) rather than an acyl-CoA. A notable feature of the crystal structure is the tubular density projecting from N(5) of FAD. This was interpreted as a covalently bound polyethylene glycol (PEG) fragment and resides in a hydrophobic pocket where the substrate acyl group is likely to bind. The pocket could accommodate an acyl chain of 14-21 C atoms, consistent with the expected length of the mycobactin acyl chain. Supporting this, steady-state kinetics show that MbtN has ACAD activity, preferring acyl chains of at least 16 C atoms. The acyl-binding pocket adopts a different orientation (relative to the FAD) to other structurally characterized ACADs. This difference may be correlated with the apparent ability of MbtN to catalyse the formation of an unusual cis double bond in the mycobactin acyl chain.
authors: Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
authors: Ai-Fen
authors: AF
authors: Chai
authors: Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
authors: Esther M M
authors: EM
authors: Bulloch
authors: Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
authors: Genevieve L
authors: GL
authors: Evans
authors: Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
authors: J Shaun
authors: JS
authors: Lott
authors: Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
authors: Edward N
authors: EN
authors: Baker
authors: Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
authors: Jodie M
authors: JM
authors: Johnston
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D050745:Enoyl-(Acyl-Carrier Protein) Reductase (NADPH, B-Specific) / Q000737:chemistry*; D005182:Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010080:Oxazoles / Q000378:metabolism; D011487:Protein Conformation; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D010080:Oxazoles; C018608:mycobactins; D005182:Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; D050745:Enoyl-(Acyl-Carrier Protein) Reductase (NADPH, B-Specific)
keywords: MbtN; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Rv1346; acyl-ACP dehydrogenase; mycobactin biosynthesis