title: Novel inflammatory biomarkers in primary hyperparathyroidism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) has been associated with low-grade inflammation and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of the study was to investigate systemic levels of pro-inflammatory proteins that previously have not been examined in patients with PHPT. The selection of the pro-inflammatory biomarkers included in this study, MMP9, S100A4, S100A8/A9 and the receptors sCD14 and RAGE, was based on a previous microarray screen of mRNAs in adipose tissue from PHPT patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study was conducted on a total of 57 patients with PHPT and a control group of 20 healthy blood donors.
  
  
  METHODS
  PHPT patients with normalisation of serum calcium levels after parathyroidectomy were followed for 6 months. Forty-two patients participated in the longitudinal study, in which blood samples were taken at inclusion, and 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed increased serum levels of MMP9 (P=0.029), S100A4 (P<0.001) and sCD14 (P=0.002) in the 57 patients with PHPT compared to the control-group. During 6 months of follow up, S100A4 (P=0.022) and sCD14 (0.002) decreased significantly, while serum levels of MMP9 increased (P=0.025).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrate an increased inflammatory response in PHPT patients shown by elevated MMP9, S100A4 and sCD14 at inclusion. During the 6 months of follow-up, MMP9 increased further, possibly due to the tissue repair process after parathyroidectomy. S100A4 and sCD14 decreased after surgery demonstrating a partial reversal of the systemic inflammation.
authors: Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayHormone LaboratoryDepartment of SurgeryHaukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Surgical ScienceUniversity of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayKG Jebsen Center for Diabetes ResearchBergen, NorwayDepartment of Heart DiseaseHaukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayHormone LaboratoryDepartment of SurgeryHaukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Surgical ScienceUniversity of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayKG Jebsen Center for Diabetes ResearchBergen, NorwayDepartment of Heart DiseaseHaukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway monika.christensen@k2.uib.no.
authors: M H E
authors: MH
authors: Christensen
authors: Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayHormone LaboratoryDepartment of SurgeryHaukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Surgical ScienceUniversity of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayKG Jebsen Center for Diabetes ResearchBergen, NorwayDepartment of Heart DiseaseHaukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayHormone LaboratoryDepartment of SurgeryHaukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Surgical ScienceUniversity of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayKG Jebsen Center for Diabetes ResearchBergen, NorwayDepartment of Heart DiseaseHaukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
authors: I S
authors: IS
authors: Fenne
authors: Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayHormone LaboratoryDepartment of SurgeryHaukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Surgical ScienceUniversity of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayKG Jebsen Center for Diabetes ResearchBergen, NorwayDepartment of Heart DiseaseHaukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Nordbø
authors: Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayHormone LaboratoryDepartment of SurgeryHaukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Surgical ScienceUniversity of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayKG Jebsen Center for Diabetes ResearchBergen, NorwayDepartment of Heart DiseaseHaukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayHormone LaboratoryDepartment of SurgeryHaukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Surgical ScienceUniversity of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayKG Jebsen Center for Diabetes ResearchBergen, NorwayDepartment of Heart DiseaseHaukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
authors: J E
authors: JE
authors: Varhaug
authors: Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayHormone LaboratoryDepartment of SurgeryHaukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Surgical ScienceUniversity of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayKG Jebsen Center for Diabetes ResearchBergen, NorwayDepartment of Heart DiseaseHaukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayHormone LaboratoryDepartment of SurgeryHaukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Surgical ScienceUniversity of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayKG Jebsen Center for Diabetes ResearchBergen, NorwayDepartment of Heart DiseaseHaukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayHormone LaboratoryDepartment of SurgeryHaukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Surgical ScienceUniversity of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayKG Jebsen Center for Diabetes ResearchBergen, NorwayDepartment of Heart DiseaseHaukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
authors: K O
authors: KO
authors: Nygård
authors: Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayHormone LaboratoryDepartment of SurgeryHaukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Surgical ScienceUniversity of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayKG Jebsen Center for Diabetes ResearchBergen, NorwayDepartment of Heart DiseaseHaukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayHormone LaboratoryDepartment of SurgeryHaukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Surgical ScienceUniversity of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayKG Jebsen Center for Diabetes ResearchBergen, NorwayDepartment of Heart DiseaseHaukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
authors: E A
authors: EA
authors: Lien
authors: Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayHormone LaboratoryDepartment of SurgeryHaukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Surgical ScienceUniversity of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayKG Jebsen Center for Diabetes ResearchBergen, NorwayDepartment of Heart DiseaseHaukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayHormone LaboratoryDepartment of SurgeryHaukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Surgical ScienceUniversity of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayKG Jebsen Center for Diabetes ResearchBergen, NorwayDepartment of Heart DiseaseHaukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayHormone LaboratoryDepartment of SurgeryHaukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Surgical ScienceUniversity of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayKG Jebsen Center for Diabetes ResearchBergen, NorwayDepartment of Heart DiseaseHaukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Mellgren
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D049950:Hyperparathyroidism, Primary / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000097:blood; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D016105:Parathyroidectomy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000097:blood; D000071999:S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D000071999:S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4; D009418:S100 Proteins; C077591:S100A4 protein, human; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9