title: Ocular complications of inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: Though inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has a specific predilection for the intestinal tract, it is a systemic inflammatory disorder affecting multiple organs, including the eye. Ocular complications directly related to IBD are categorized as primary and secondary. Primary complications are usually temporally associated with IBD exacerbations and tend to resolve with systemic treatment of the intestinal inflammation. These include keratopathy, episcleritis, and scleritis. Secondary complications arise from primary complications. Examples include cataract formation due to treatment with corticosteroids, scleromalacia due to scleritis, and dry eye due to hypovitaminosis A following gut resection. Some ocular manifestations of IBD can lead to significant visual morbidity and temporally associated complications can also be a herald of disease control. Furthermore, ocular manifestations of IBD can occasionally manifest before the usual intestinal manifestations, leading to an earlier diagnosis. Thus, it is important to understand the clinical presentation of possible ocular manifestations in order to initiate appropriate treatment and to help prevent significant visual morbidity.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Georgetown University, Washington Hospital Center, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
authors: Rana
authors: R
authors: Mady
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Georgetown University, Washington Hospital Center, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
authors: Will
authors: W
authors: Grover
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Georgetown University and George Washington University, 900 23rd Street NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
authors: Salim
authors: S
authors: Butrus
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D015423:Scleritis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones