title: Human brown adipose tissue assessed by simple, noninvasive near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity has been typically evaluated by (18) F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) combined with computed tomography (CT). However, FDG-PET/CT has serious limitations (e.g., radiation and cold exposure). This study evaluated BAT density using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy (NIRTRS ), a simple and noninvasive method of measuring the indices of tissue hemoglobin concentration [total-Hb] and mitochondrial density (µs ').
  
  
  METHODS
  The NIRTRS parameters at 760, 800, and 830 nm in the supraclavicular region potentially containing BAT were evaluated. First, the NIRTRS parameters were compared at 27 °C and during a 2-h cold exposure (19 °C) in 18 men. Then, NIRTRS parameters at 27 °C were compared with mean standardized uptake values (SUVmean ) assessed by FDG-PET/CT after the 2-h cold exposure (19 °C) in 29 men.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference between the NIRTRS parameters at 27 °C and 19°C. The [total-Hb] and µs ' were significantly correlated to SUVmean (r = 0.73 and r = 0.64, respectively). A receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that the sensitivity (75.0-82.4%), specificity (91.7-100%), and accuracy (82.8-86.2%) of the NIRTRS parameters were all good to determine the NIRTRS reliability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our novel NIRTRS method is noninvasive and simple and can reliably assess human BAT density in the supraclavicular region.
authors: Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan.
authors: Shinsuke
authors: S
authors: Nirengi
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Yoneshiro
authors: Hiroki
authors: H
authors: Sugie
authors: Masayuki
authors: M
authors: Saito
authors: Takafumi
authors: T
authors: Hamaoka
mesh_terms: D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013046:Specific Gravity; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18