title: Opium consumption and mid-term outcome of percutaneous coronary intervention in men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Controversy persists over the potential benefits/harms of opium consumption in coronary heart disease. This study investigated the association between 12 months' major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and pre-procedural opium consumption among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospectively, 1545 consecutive men who underwent PCI between 21(st) June 2009 and 20th June 2010 at Tehran Heart Center and were registered in the PCI Databank were entered into this cohort study. The occurrence of MACE, defined as cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and need for target vessel revascularization (TVR) or target lesion revascularization (TLR), was compared between two groups of opium consumers and non-consumers in 350 (22.7%) patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-four (0.86%) patients expired within 12 months. After adjustment for potential confounders, analysis revealed that opium consumption had no significant relationship with 12 months' MACE [11(3.1%) vs. 53(4.4%); p value = 0.286, among opium users vs. non users, respectively].Furthermore, the different components of MACE, including target vessel revascularization, target lesion revascularization, coronary artery bypass graft, and non-fatal myocardial infarction, were not significantly related to opium use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pre-procedural opium usage in patients undergoing PCI was not associated with 12 months' MACE.
authors: Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Ahmad
authors: A
authors: Sharafi
authors: Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Hamid Reza
authors: HR
authors: Pour Hosseini
authors: Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Arash
authors: A
authors: Jalali
authors: Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Mojtaba
authors: M
authors: Salarifar
authors: Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Ebrahim
authors: E
authors: Nematipour
authors: Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Mohsen
authors: M
authors: Shojanasab
authors: Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Hassan
authors: H
authors: Aghajani
authors: Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Alireza
authors: A
authors: Amirzadegan
authors: Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Younes
authors: Y
authors: Nozari
authors: Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Mohamad
authors: M
authors: Alidoosti
authors: Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Alimohammad Haji
authors: AH
authors: Zeinali
authors: Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Seyed Ebrahim
authors: SE
authors: Kassaian
keywords: Major adverse cardiac event; Opium; Percutaneous coronary intervention