title: Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, but not intercellular adhesion molecule-1, is associated with diabetic kidney disease in Asians with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The association of adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 with cardiovascular diseases has been well-studied. However, their roles in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) are incompletely understood. We aim to study the association of plasma ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 with DKD in Asians with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1950 Asians with T2DM were included in this cross-sectional study. Plasma ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were measured by immunoassays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Renal filtration function (eGFR) declined and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) levels increased progressively with the increase in plasma VCAM-1 levels. In contrast, no significant changes in eGFR and ACR were observed in subjects across different plasma ICAM-1 levels. Both ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were correlated with ACR (rho = 0.153, p < 0.001 for VCAM-1 and ACR; rho = 0.053, p = 0.020 for ICAM-1 and ACR) in bivariate correlation analysis. However, only VCAM-1 was correlated with eGFR (rho = -0.228, p < 0.001). Multivariable linear regression models revealed that VCAM-1, but not ICAM-1, was independently associated with eGFR and albuminuria. Backward linear regression suggested that plasma VCAM-1 variability was mainly determined by eGFR whereas plasma ICAM-1 level was mainly determined by C-reactive protein in patients with T2DM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma VCAM-1 level, but not ICAM-1 level, was independently associated with prevalent DKD in Asians with T2DM. High level of ICAM-1 may be indicative of systemic inflammation and portends increase risk of incipient DKD.
authors: Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 768828 Singapore.
authors: Jian-Jun
authors: JJ
authors: Liu
authors: Diabetes Centre, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 768828 Singapore.
authors: Lee Ying
authors: LY
authors: Yeoh
authors: Department of Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 768828 Singapore; Diabetes Centre, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 768828 Singapore.
authors: Chee Fang
authors: CF
authors: Sum
authors: Department of Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 768828 Singapore; Diabetes Centre, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 768828 Singapore.
authors: Subramaniam
authors: S
authors: Tavintharan
authors: Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 768828 Singapore.
authors: Xiao Wei
authors: XW
authors: Ng
authors: Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 768828 Singapore.
authors: Sylvia
authors: S
authors: Liu
authors: Yishun Polyclinic, National Health Group, 768796 Singapore.
authors: Simon B M
authors: SB
authors: Lee
authors: Yishun Polyclinic, National Health Group, 768796 Singapore.
authors: Wern Ee
authors: WE
authors: Tang
authors: Department of Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 768828 Singapore; Diabetes Centre, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 768828 Singapore. Electronic address: lim.su.chi@alexandrahealth.com.sg.
authors: Su Chi
authors: SC
authors: Lim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000209:etiology; D044466:Asian People; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000276:immunology / Q000652:urine; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D007668:Kidney / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012846:Singapore / Q000453:epidemiology; D015854:Up-Regulation; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: C573420:ICAM1 protein, human; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Diabetic kidney disease; Intercellular adhesion molecule-1; Microvascular complication; Type 2 diabetes; Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1