title: Bacterial adhesion to biological versus polymer prosthetic materials used in abdominal wall defect repair: do these meshes show any differences in vitro?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although clinical data suggest the similar performance of collagen-based biological prosthetic materials to some polymer materials, the use of a biomesh for abdominal hernia repair in a setting of infection is controversial. This in vitro study compares the adhesion of two Staphylococcus strains to polymer and biological meshes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sterile fragments of Optilene(®) (Op), Surgipro™ (Surg), Preclude(®) (Precl), TIGR(®) (TIGR), Bio-A(®) (BioA), Permacol™ (Perm), Surgisis(®) (SIS), and Tutomesh(®) (Tuto) were inoculated with 10(6) CFU of S. aureus (Sa) or S. epidermidis (Se) (n = 18 per strain per mesh). The first five meshes are polymer materials while Perm, SIS and Tuto are biomeshes. After 24/48 h of incubation, bacterial adhesion was examined by sonication, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sa and Se showed a high affinity for the absorbable meshes (TIGR, BioA, Perm, SIS, Tuto) (p < 0.001). Precl yielded the lowest bacterial loads (p < 0.001). Surg, Precl and BioA underwent no substantial change over time, while Op (p < 0.001) and TIGR (p < 0.05) showed decreasing bacterial loads during incubation. The Sa-contaminated biomeshes behaved similarly while biomeshes inoculated with Se returned higher bacterial yields at 48 h, especially SIS (p < 0.001). SEM and light microscopy observations revealed planktonic bacteria and biofilms on the polymer surface and bacterial niches in biomesh pores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within 48 h of contamination, the absorbable polymer and biological meshes exhibited high bacterial loads. Given their lower affinity for both bacterial strains, the conventional non-absorbable polymer materials could be better candidates for use in contaminated surgical fields.
authors: Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km 33,600, Alcalá De Henares, 28871, Madrid, Spain.|Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Pérez-Köhler
authors: Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.|Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Sotomayor
authors: Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km 33,600, Alcalá De Henares, 28871, Madrid, Spain.|Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Rodríguez
authors: Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
authors: M I
authors: MI
authors: Gegúndez
authors: Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.|Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Pascual
authors: Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km 33,600, Alcalá De Henares, 28871, Madrid, Spain. juanm.bellon@uah.es.|Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain. juanm.bellon@uah.es.
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Bellón
mesh_terms: D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003094:Collagen; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D011108:Polymers; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000382:microbiology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000502:physiology*; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000502:physiology*; D013526:Surgical Mesh / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011108:Polymers; D003094:Collagen
keywords: Bacterial adhesion; Biomeshes; Hernia mesh implants; Polymer materials; Staphylococcus