title: Structural analysis and anticoagulant activities of the novel sulfated fucan possessing a regular well-defined repeating unit from sea cucumber.
abstract: Sulfated fucans, the complex polysaccharides, exhibit various biological activities. Herein, we purified two fucans from the sea cucumbers Holothuria edulis and Ludwigothurea grisea. Their structures were verified by means of HPGPC, FT-IR, GC-MS and NMR. As a result, a novel structural motif for this type of polymers is reported. The fucans have a unique structure composed of a central core of regular (1→2) and (1→3)-linked tetrasaccharide repeating units. Approximately 50% of the units from L. grisea (100% for H. edulis fucan) contain sides of oligosaccharides formed by nonsulfated fucose units linked to the O-4 position of the central core. Anticoagulant activity assays indicate that the sea cucumber fucans strongly inhibit human blood clotting through the intrinsic pathways of the coagulation cascade. Moreover, the mechanism of anticoagulant action of the fucans is selective inhibition of thrombin activity by heparin cofactor II. The distinctive tetrasaccharide repeating units contribute to the anticoagulant action. Additionally, unlike the fucans from marine alga, although the sea cucumber fucans have great molecular weights and affluent sulfates, they do not induce platelet aggregation. Overall, our results may be helpful in understanding the structure-function relationships of the well-defined polysaccharides from invertebrate as new types of safer anticoagulants.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China. wumingyi@mail.kib.ac.cn.
authors: Mingyi
authors: M
authors: Wu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China. xulib@mail.kib.ac.cn.|School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, China. xulib@mail.kib.ac.cn.
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Xu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China. zhaolongyan@mail.kib.ac.cn.|School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, China. zhaolongyan@mail.kib.ac.cn.
authors: Longyan
authors: L
authors: Zhao
authors: State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China. xiaochuang@mail.kib.ac.cn.|School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, China. xiaochuang@mail.kib.ac.cn.
authors: Chuang
authors: C
authors: Xiao
authors: State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China. gaona@mail.kib.ac.cn.|School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, China. gaona@mail.kib.ac.cn.
authors: Na
authors: N
authors: Gao
authors: State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China. luolanjya@sina.com.
authors: Lan
authors: L
authors: Luo
authors: State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China. yanglian@mail.kib.ac.cn.
authors: Lian
authors: L
authors: Yang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China. lizi@mail.kib.ac.cn.
authors: Zi
authors: Z
authors: Li
authors: Pharmacy Department, Yunnan University of TCM, Kunming 650200, China. chenlingyun@ynutcm.edu.cn.
authors: Lingyun
authors: L
authors: Chen
authors: State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China. Zhaojinhua@mail.kib.ac.cn.
authors: Jinhua
authors: J
authors: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D001938:Brazil; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002681:China; D055808:Drug Discovery; D015844:Heparin Cofactor II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D047332:Holothuria / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008970:Molecular Weight; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012616:Sea Cucumbers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D013045:Species Specificity; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D011134:Polysaccharides; C047932:SERPIND1 protein, human; D015844:Heparin Cofactor II; C007789:fucoidan