title: CT within 6 hours of headache onset to rule out subarachnoid hemorrhage in nonacademic hospitals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether staff radiologists working in nonacademic hospitals can adequately rule out subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) on head CT <6 hours after headache onset.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a multicenter, retrospective study, we studied a consecutive series of patients presenting with acute headache to 11 nonacademic hospitals. Inclusion criteria were (1) normal level of consciousness without focal deficits, (2) head CT <6 hours after headache onset and reported negative for the presence of SAH by a staff radiologist, and (3) subsequent CSF spectrophotometry. Two neuroradiologists and one stroke neurologist from 2 academic tertiary care centers independently reviewed admission CTs of patients with CSF results that were considered positive for presence of bilirubin according to local criteria. We investigated the negative predictive value for detection of SAH by staff radiologists in nonacademic hospitals on head CT in patients scanned <6 hours after onset of acute headache.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 760 included patients, CSF analysis was considered positive for bilirubin in 52 patients (7%). Independent review of these patients' CTs identified one patient (1/52; 2%) with a perimesencephalic nonaneurysmal SAH. Negative predictive value for detection of subarachnoid blood by staff radiologists working in a nonacademic hospital was 99.9% (95% confidence interval 99.3%-100.0%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results support a change of practice wherein a lumbar puncture can be withheld in patients with a head CT scan performed <6 hours after headache onset and reported negative for the presence of SAH by a staff radiologist in the described nonacademic setting.
authors: From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus (K.M.B., G.J.E.R., M.D.I.V.), and Department of Radiology (J. Hendrikse), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Radiology (C.B.L.M.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (M.B., C.C.T.), St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.W., J. Hofmeijer), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem; Department of Neurology (J.E., B.K.), Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (T.H.C.M.L.S.), Atrium Medical Center, Heerlen; Department of Neurology (S.t.H., F.V.), Groene Hart Hospital, Gouda; Department of Neurology (L.H., D.M.O.P.), Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht; Department of Neurology (V.I.H.K.), Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (P.J.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.R.), Amphia Hospital, Breda; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; and Department of Neurology (N.D.K.), Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. N.D.K. is currently affiliated with the Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
authors: Katelijn M
authors: KM
authors: Blok
authors: From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus (K.M.B., G.J.E.R., M.D.I.V.), and Department of Radiology (J. Hendrikse), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Radiology (C.B.L.M.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (M.B., C.C.T.), St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.W., J. Hofmeijer), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem; Department of Neurology (J.E., B.K.), Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (T.H.C.M.L.S.), Atrium Medical Center, Heerlen; Department of Neurology (S.t.H., F.V.), Groene Hart Hospital, Gouda; Department of Neurology (L.H., D.M.O.P.), Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht; Department of Neurology (V.I.H.K.), Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (P.J.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.R.), Amphia Hospital, Breda; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; and Department of Neurology (N.D.K.), Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. N.D.K. is currently affiliated with the Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
authors: Gabriel J E
authors: GJ
authors: Rinkel
authors: From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus (K.M.B., G.J.E.R., M.D.I.V.), and Department of Radiology (J. Hendrikse), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Radiology (C.B.L.M.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (M.B., C.C.T.), St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.W., J. Hofmeijer), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem; Department of Neurology (J.E., B.K.), Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (T.H.C.M.L.S.), Atrium Medical Center, Heerlen; Department of Neurology (S.t.H., F.V.), Groene Hart Hospital, Gouda; Department of Neurology (L.H., D.M.O.P.), Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht; Department of Neurology (V.I.H.K.), Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (P.J.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.R.), Amphia Hospital, Breda; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; and Department of Neurology (N.D.K.), Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. N.D.K. is currently affiliated with the Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
authors: Charles B L M
authors: CB
authors: Majoie
authors: From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus (K.M.B., G.J.E.R., M.D.I.V.), and Department of Radiology (J. Hendrikse), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Radiology (C.B.L.M.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (M.B., C.C.T.), St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.W., J. Hofmeijer), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem; Department of Neurology (J.E., B.K.), Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (T.H.C.M.L.S.), Atrium Medical Center, Heerlen; Department of Neurology (S.t.H., F.V.), Groene Hart Hospital, Gouda; Department of Neurology (L.H., D.M.O.P.), Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht; Department of Neurology (V.I.H.K.), Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (P.J.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.R.), Amphia Hospital, Breda; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; and Department of Neurology (N.D.K.), Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. N.D.K. is currently affiliated with the Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
authors: Jeroen
authors: J
authors: Hendrikse
authors: From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus (K.M.B., G.J.E.R., M.D.I.V.), and Department of Radiology (J. Hendrikse), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Radiology (C.B.L.M.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (M.B., C.C.T.), St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.W., J. Hofmeijer), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem; Department of Neurology (J.E., B.K.), Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (T.H.C.M.L.S.), Atrium Medical Center, Heerlen; Department of Neurology (S.t.H., F.V.), Groene Hart Hospital, Gouda; Department of Neurology (L.H., D.M.O.P.), Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht; Department of Neurology (V.I.H.K.), Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (P.J.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.R.), Amphia Hospital, Breda; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; and Department of Neurology (N.D.K.), Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. N.D.K. is currently affiliated with the Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
authors: Meriam
authors: M
authors: Braaksma
authors: From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus (K.M.B., G.J.E.R., M.D.I.V.), and Department of Radiology (J. Hendrikse), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Radiology (C.B.L.M.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (M.B., C.C.T.), St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.W., J. Hofmeijer), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem; Department of Neurology (J.E., B.K.), Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (T.H.C.M.L.S.), Atrium Medical Center, Heerlen; Department of Neurology (S.t.H., F.V.), Groene Hart Hospital, Gouda; Department of Neurology (L.H., D.M.O.P.), Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht; Department of Neurology (V.I.H.K.), Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (P.J.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.R.), Amphia Hospital, Breda; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; and Department of Neurology (N.D.K.), Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. N.D.K. is currently affiliated with the Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
authors: Cees C
authors: CC
authors: Tijssen
authors: From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus (K.M.B., G.J.E.R., M.D.I.V.), and Department of Radiology (J. Hendrikse), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Radiology (C.B.L.M.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (M.B., C.C.T.), St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.W., J. Hofmeijer), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem; Department of Neurology (J.E., B.K.), Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (T.H.C.M.L.S.), Atrium Medical Center, Heerlen; Department of Neurology (S.t.H., F.V.), Groene Hart Hospital, Gouda; Department of Neurology (L.H., D.M.O.P.), Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht; Department of Neurology (V.I.H.K.), Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (P.J.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.R.), Amphia Hospital, Breda; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; and Department of Neurology (N.D.K.), Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. N.D.K. is currently affiliated with the Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
authors: Yu Yi
authors: YY
authors: Wong
authors: From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus (K.M.B., G.J.E.R., M.D.I.V.), and Department of Radiology (J. Hendrikse), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Radiology (C.B.L.M.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (M.B., C.C.T.), St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.W., J. Hofmeijer), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem; Department of Neurology (J.E., B.K.), Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (T.H.C.M.L.S.), Atrium Medical Center, Heerlen; Department of Neurology (S.t.H., F.V.), Groene Hart Hospital, Gouda; Department of Neurology (L.H., D.M.O.P.), Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht; Department of Neurology (V.I.H.K.), Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (P.J.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.R.), Amphia Hospital, Breda; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; and Department of Neurology (N.D.K.), Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. N.D.K. is currently affiliated with the Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
authors: Jeannette
authors: J
authors: Hofmeijer
authors: From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus (K.M.B., G.J.E.R., M.D.I.V.), and Department of Radiology (J. Hendrikse), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Radiology (C.B.L.M.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (M.B., C.C.T.), St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.W., J. Hofmeijer), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem; Department of Neurology (J.E., B.K.), Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (T.H.C.M.L.S.), Atrium Medical Center, Heerlen; Department of Neurology (S.t.H., F.V.), Groene Hart Hospital, Gouda; Department of Neurology (L.H., D.M.O.P.), Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht; Department of Neurology (V.I.H.K.), Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (P.J.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.R.), Amphia Hospital, Breda; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; and Department of Neurology (N.D.K.), Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. N.D.K. is currently affiliated with the Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
authors: Jorunn
authors: J
authors: Extercatte
authors: From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus (K.M.B., G.J.E.R., M.D.I.V.), and Department of Radiology (J. Hendrikse), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Radiology (C.B.L.M.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (M.B., C.C.T.), St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.W., J. Hofmeijer), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem; Department of Neurology (J.E., B.K.), Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (T.H.C.M.L.S.), Atrium Medical Center, Heerlen; Department of Neurology (S.t.H., F.V.), Groene Hart Hospital, Gouda; Department of Neurology (L.H., D.M.O.P.), Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht; Department of Neurology (V.I.H.K.), Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (P.J.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.R.), Amphia Hospital, Breda; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; and Department of Neurology (N.D.K.), Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. N.D.K. is currently affiliated with the Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
authors: Bertjan
authors: B
authors: Kerklaan
authors: From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus (K.M.B., G.J.E.R., M.D.I.V.), and Department of Radiology (J. Hendrikse), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Radiology (C.B.L.M.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (M.B., C.C.T.), St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.W., J. Hofmeijer), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem; Department of Neurology (J.E., B.K.), Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (T.H.C.M.L.S.), Atrium Medical Center, Heerlen; Department of Neurology (S.t.H., F.V.), Groene Hart Hospital, Gouda; Department of Neurology (L.H., D.M.O.P.), Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht; Department of Neurology (V.I.H.K.), Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (P.J.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.R.), Amphia Hospital, Breda; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; and Department of Neurology (N.D.K.), Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. N.D.K. is currently affiliated with the Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
authors: Tobien H C M L
authors: TH
authors: Schreuder
authors: From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus (K.M.B., G.J.E.R., M.D.I.V.), and Department of Radiology (J. Hendrikse), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Radiology (C.B.L.M.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (M.B., C.C.T.), St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.W., J. Hofmeijer), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem; Department of Neurology (J.E., B.K.), Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (T.H.C.M.L.S.), Atrium Medical Center, Heerlen; Department of Neurology (S.t.H., F.V.), Groene Hart Hospital, Gouda; Department of Neurology (L.H., D.M.O.P.), Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht; Department of Neurology (V.I.H.K.), Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (P.J.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.R.), Amphia Hospital, Breda; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; and Department of Neurology (N.D.K.), Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. N.D.K. is currently affiliated with the Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
authors: Susanne
authors: S
authors: ten Holter
authors: From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus (K.M.B., G.J.E.R., M.D.I.V.), and Department of Radiology (J. Hendrikse), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Radiology (C.B.L.M.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (M.B., C.C.T.), St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.W., J. Hofmeijer), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem; Department of Neurology (J.E., B.K.), Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (T.H.C.M.L.S.), Atrium Medical Center, Heerlen; Department of Neurology (S.t.H., F.V.), Groene Hart Hospital, Gouda; Department of Neurology (L.H., D.M.O.P.), Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht; Department of Neurology (V.I.H.K.), Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (P.J.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.R.), Amphia Hospital, Breda; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; and Department of Neurology (N.D.K.), Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. N.D.K. is currently affiliated with the Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
authors: Freek
authors: F
authors: Verheul
authors: From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus (K.M.B., G.J.E.R., M.D.I.V.), and Department of Radiology (J. Hendrikse), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Radiology (C.B.L.M.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (M.B., C.C.T.), St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.W., J. Hofmeijer), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem; Department of Neurology (J.E., B.K.), Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (T.H.C.M.L.S.), Atrium Medical Center, Heerlen; Department of Neurology (S.t.H., F.V.), Groene Hart Hospital, Gouda; Department of Neurology (L.H., D.M.O.P.), Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht; Department of Neurology (V.I.H.K.), Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (P.J.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.R.), Amphia Hospital, Breda; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; and Department of Neurology (N.D.K.), Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. N.D.K. is currently affiliated with the Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
authors: Laurike
authors: L
authors: Harlaar
authors: From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus (K.M.B., G.J.E.R., M.D.I.V.), and Department of Radiology (J. Hendrikse), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Radiology (C.B.L.M.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (M.B., C.C.T.), St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.W., J. Hofmeijer), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem; Department of Neurology (J.E., B.K.), Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (T.H.C.M.L.S.), Atrium Medical Center, Heerlen; Department of Neurology (S.t.H., F.V.), Groene Hart Hospital, Gouda; Department of Neurology (L.H., D.M.O.P.), Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht; Department of Neurology (V.I.H.K.), Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (P.J.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.R.), Amphia Hospital, Breda; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; and Department of Neurology (N.D.K.), Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. N.D.K. is currently affiliated with the Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
authors: D Martijn O
authors: DM
authors: Pruissen
authors: From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus (K.M.B., G.J.E.R., M.D.I.V.), and Department of Radiology (J. Hendrikse), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Radiology (C.B.L.M.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (M.B., C.C.T.), St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.W., J. Hofmeijer), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem; Department of Neurology (J.E., B.K.), Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (T.H.C.M.L.S.), Atrium Medical Center, Heerlen; Department of Neurology (S.t.H., F.V.), Groene Hart Hospital, Gouda; Department of Neurology (L.H., D.M.O.P.), Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht; Department of Neurology (V.I.H.K.), Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (P.J.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.R.), Amphia Hospital, Breda; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; and Department of Neurology (N.D.K.), Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. N.D.K. is currently affiliated with the Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
authors: Vincent I H
authors: VI
authors: Kwa
authors: From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus (K.M.B., G.J.E.R., M.D.I.V.), and Department of Radiology (J. Hendrikse), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Radiology (C.B.L.M.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (M.B., C.C.T.), St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.W., J. Hofmeijer), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem; Department of Neurology (J.E., B.K.), Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (T.H.C.M.L.S.), Atrium Medical Center, Heerlen; Department of Neurology (S.t.H., F.V.), Groene Hart Hospital, Gouda; Department of Neurology (L.H., D.M.O.P.), Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht; Department of Neurology (V.I.H.K.), Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (P.J.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.R.), Amphia Hospital, Breda; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; and Department of Neurology (N.D.K.), Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. N.D.K. is currently affiliated with the Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
authors: Paul J
authors: PJ
authors: Brouwers
authors: From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus (K.M.B., G.J.E.R., M.D.I.V.), and Department of Radiology (J. Hendrikse), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Radiology (C.B.L.M.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (M.B., C.C.T.), St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.W., J. Hofmeijer), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem; Department of Neurology (J.E., B.K.), Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (T.H.C.M.L.S.), Atrium Medical Center, Heerlen; Department of Neurology (S.t.H., F.V.), Groene Hart Hospital, Gouda; Department of Neurology (L.H., D.M.O.P.), Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht; Department of Neurology (V.I.H.K.), Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (P.J.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.R.), Amphia Hospital, Breda; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; and Department of Neurology (N.D.K.), Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. N.D.K. is currently affiliated with the Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
authors: Michel J M
authors: MJ
authors: Remmers
authors: From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus (K.M.B., G.J.E.R., M.D.I.V.), and Department of Radiology (J. Hendrikse), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Radiology (C.B.L.M.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (M.B., C.C.T.), St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.W., J. Hofmeijer), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem; Department of Neurology (J.E., B.K.), Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (T.H.C.M.L.S.), Atrium Medical Center, Heerlen; Department of Neurology (S.t.H., F.V.), Groene Hart Hospital, Gouda; Department of Neurology (L.H., D.M.O.P.), Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht; Department of Neurology (V.I.H.K.), Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (P.J.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.R.), Amphia Hospital, Breda; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; and Department of Neurology (N.D.K.), Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. N.D.K. is currently affiliated with the Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
authors: Wouter J
authors: WJ
authors: Schonewille
authors: From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus (K.M.B., G.J.E.R., M.D.I.V.), and Department of Radiology (J. Hendrikse), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Radiology (C.B.L.M.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (M.B., C.C.T.), St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.W., J. Hofmeijer), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem; Department of Neurology (J.E., B.K.), Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (T.H.C.M.L.S.), Atrium Medical Center, Heerlen; Department of Neurology (S.t.H., F.V.), Groene Hart Hospital, Gouda; Department of Neurology (L.H., D.M.O.P.), Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht; Department of Neurology (V.I.H.K.), Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (P.J.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.R.), Amphia Hospital, Breda; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; and Department of Neurology (N.D.K.), Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. N.D.K. is currently affiliated with the Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
authors: Nyika D
authors: ND
authors: Kruyt
authors: From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus (K.M.B., G.J.E.R., M.D.I.V.), and Department of Radiology (J. Hendrikse), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Radiology (C.B.L.M.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (M.B., C.C.T.), St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.W., J. Hofmeijer), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem; Department of Neurology (J.E., B.K.), Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (T.H.C.M.L.S.), Atrium Medical Center, Heerlen; Department of Neurology (S.t.H., F.V.), Groene Hart Hospital, Gouda; Department of Neurology (L.H., D.M.O.P.), Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht; Department of Neurology (V.I.H.K.), Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (P.J.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.R.), Amphia Hospital, Breda; Department of Neurology (W.J.S.), St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein; and Department of Neurology (N.D.K.), Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. N.D.K. is currently affiliated with the Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands. m.d.i.vergouwen@umcutrecht.nl.
authors: Mervyn D I
authors: MD
authors: Vergouwen
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015984:Causality; D015897:Comorbidity; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult