title: Inhibition of Phytophthora parasitica and P. capsici by Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Aqueous Extract of Artemisia absinthium.
abstract: Application of nanoparticles for controlling plant pathogens is a rapidly emerging area in plant disease management, and nanoparticles synthesis methods that are economical and ecofriendly are extensively investigated. In this project, we investigated the potential of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized with aqueous extract of Artemisia absinthium against several Phytophthora spp., which cause many economically important crop diseases. In in vitro dose-response tests conducted in microtiter plates, 10 µg ml⁻¹ of AgNPs inhibited mycelial growth of P. parasitica, P. infestans, P. palmivora, P. cinnamomi, P. tropicalis, P. capsici, and P. katsurae. Detailed in vitro dose-response analyses conducted with P. parasitica and P. capsici revealed that AgNPs synthesized with A. absinthium extract were highly potent (IC50: 2.1 to 8.3 µg ml⁻¹) and efficacious (100%) in inhibiting mycelial growth, zoospore germination, germ tube elongation, and zoospore production. Interestingly, AgNP treatment accelerated encystment of zoospores. Consistent with in vitro results, in planta experiments conducted in a greenhouse revealed that AgNP treatments prevented Phytophthora infection and improved plant survival. Moreover, AgNP in in planta experiments did not produce any adverse effects on plant growth. These investigations provide a simple and economical method for controlling Phytophthora with AgNP without affecting normal plant physiology.
authors: First, fourth, fifth, and sixth authors: Mid-Florida Research and Education Center and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, 2725 Binion Rd., Apopka 32703; second and third authors: Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando 32816; and third author: College of Science and Liberal Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark 07102.
authors: Mohammad
authors: M
authors: Ali
authors: First, fourth, fifth, and sixth authors: Mid-Florida Research and Education Center and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, 2725 Binion Rd., Apopka 32703; second and third authors: Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando 32816; and third author: College of Science and Liberal Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark 07102.
authors: Bosung
authors: B
authors: Kim
authors: First, fourth, fifth, and sixth authors: Mid-Florida Research and Education Center and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, 2725 Binion Rd., Apopka 32703; second and third authors: Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando 32816; and third author: College of Science and Liberal Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark 07102.
authors: Kevin D
authors: KD
authors: Belfield
authors: First, fourth, fifth, and sixth authors: Mid-Florida Research and Education Center and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, 2725 Binion Rd., Apopka 32703; second and third authors: Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando 32816; and third author: College of Science and Liberal Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark 07102.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Norman
authors: First, fourth, fifth, and sixth authors: Mid-Florida Research and Education Center and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, 2725 Binion Rd., Apopka 32703; second and third authors: Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando 32816; and third author: College of Science and Liberal Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark 07102.
authors: Mary
authors: M
authors: Brennan
authors: First, fourth, fifth, and sixth authors: Mid-Florida Research and Education Center and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, 2725 Binion Rd., Apopka 32703; second and third authors: Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando 32816; and third author: College of Science and Liberal Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark 07102.
authors: Gul Shad
authors: GS
authors: Ali
mesh_terms: D031171:Artemisia absinthium / Q000737:chemistry*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010838:Phytophthora / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012834:Silver / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D012834:Silver