title: Deficient plastidic fatty acid synthesis triggers cell death by modulating mitochondrial reactive oxygen species.
abstract: Programmed cell death (PCD) is of fundamental importance to development and defense in animals and plants. In plants, a well-recognized form of PCD is hypersensitive response (HR) triggered by pathogens, which involves the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other signaling molecules. While the mitochondrion is a master regulator of PCD in animals, the chloroplast is known to regulate PCD in plants. Arabidopsis Mosaic Death 1 (MOD1), an enoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase essential for fatty acid biosynthesis in chloroplasts, negatively regulates PCD in Arabidopsis. Here we report that PCD in mod1 results from accumulated ROS and can be suppressed by mutations in mitochondrial complex I components, and that the suppression is confirmed by pharmaceutical inhibition of the complex I-generated ROS. We further show that intact mitochondria are required for full HR and optimum disease resistance to the Pseudomonas syringae bacteria. These findings strongly indicate that the ROS generated in the electron transport chain in mitochondria plays a key role in triggering plant PCD and highlight an important role of the communication between chloroplast and mitochondrion in the control of PCD in plants.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: 1] State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2] Current address: Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
authors.forename: Yuefeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Yannan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Lilan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Jinlong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Guifu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Liusha
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Guosheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Jianru
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Yonghong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Jiayang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050753:Enoyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Reductase (NADH) / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D044224:Pseudomonas syringae / Q000472:pathogenicity; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D050753:Enoyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Reductase (NADH); D019255:NADPH Oxidases