title: Application of ROTEM to assess hypercoagulability in patients with lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is common in patients with cancer, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality Currently, no test reliably identifies patients at increased risk of developing VTE who would therefore benefit from prophylactic intervention. The aim of the current study was to evaluate rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) in identifying VTE risk in patients with lung cancer. We also compared parameters of ROTEM in patients with limited and extensive disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parameters of ROTEM were measured in 67 patients with lung cancer and 72 age-matched healthy controls and compared with conventional markers of haemostasis. Patients were followed up for 12 months and VTE incidence recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lung cancer patients had a reduced clotting time (CT), increased maximum clot firmness (MCF) and increased alpha angle compared with controls. Patients also had significantly higher levels of fibrinogen and PAI-1 than controls and in the former group there was a strong correlation between fibrinogen and both MCF and alpha angle. Six patients developed a VTE during the follow-up period and all had values for MCF at or above the upper limit of normal for EXTEM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that several ROTEM parameters are significantly different in lung cancer patients compared to healthy age-matched controls, whereas only one of the parameters measured is significantly different between extensive compared to limited disease. No differences were observed between patients who developed a VTE compared to those who did not, highlighting the limitations of ROTEM use in patients with lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK; NISCHR Haemostasis Biomedical Research Unit, ABMU Health Board, Swansea, UK.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK; Respiratory Unit, Morriston Hospital, ABMU Health Board, Swansea, UK.
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK; NISCHR Haemostasis Biomedical Research Unit, ABMU Health Board, Swansea, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sabra
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK; NISCHR Haemostasis Biomedical Research Unit, ABMU Health Board, Swansea, UK.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noble
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, Royal Brompton Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK; NISCHR Haemostasis Biomedical Research Unit, ABMU Health Board, Swansea, UK.
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, Royal Brompton Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: R H K
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.affiliation: School of Applied Science, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK; College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK; NISCHR Haemostasis Biomedical Research Unit, ABMU Health Board, Swansea, UK. Electronic address: phillip.evans2@wales.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006487:Hemostasis; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013916:Thrombelastography / Q000379:methods*; D019851:Thrombophilia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human; D005340:Fibrinogen
keywords: Coagulation; Lung cancer; Risk assessment; Thromboelastometry; Venous thromboembolism