title: Status of antioxidant and lipid peroxidation in type 2 diabetic human subjects diagnosed with and without metabolic syndrome by using NCEP-ATPIII, IDF and WHO criteria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antioxidants play a very crucial role in terms of disease incidence and its complications. Type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are now more prevalent than any other disorder. In this regard this study focuses on type 2 diabetic subjects with MetS having highest incidence of cardiovascular disease. Hence the aim of the study was to reveal the level of antioxidants and lipid peroxidation in MetS and non-MetS groups of type 2 diabetic subjects characterized by three different criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Present study was based on 70 type 2 diabetic subjects and 20 healthy controls. The metabolic syndrome criteria were defined by National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP)-Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII), International Diabetes Federation (IDF), and World Health Organization (WHO). The selected subjects were of similar age group. The participants were selected from a diabetic camp being run in the University Campus. The antioxidant enzymes estimated were reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) while Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) measured as a marker of lipid peroxidation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The level of GSH, CAT, SOD decreases in non-MetS and MetS subjects as compared to normal. When comparison was made for GSH & SOD in the mentioned groups resulted a significant differences in non-MetS and MetS compared with normal subjects. TBARS levels was increased in non-MetS and MetS group of subjects. The results indicate reduction in antioxidant enzymes and elevation of lipid peroxidation in type 2 diabetic subjects with or without MetS defined by using any of the International criteria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study revealed that absolute reduction of antioxidant and involvement of lipid peroxidation in MetS group may lead to progressive intensification of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetic subjects irrespective of using any criteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea; SOS in Biochemistry Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India. Electronic address: dhanyadav16481@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Dhananjay
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla, Odisha, India.
authors.forename: Meerambika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: SOS in Biochemistry Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Anish Zacharia
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.affiliation: SOS in Biochemistry Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Senthil Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Subramani
authors.affiliation: SOS in Biochemistry Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mahajan
authors.affiliation: SOS in Biochemistry Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Nita
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: SOS in Biochemistry Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Prakash Singh
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Bisen
authors.affiliation: SOS in Biochemistry Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: G B K S
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Prasad
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002374:Catalase / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012016:Reference Values; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood*; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Catalase; Glutathione; Lipid peroxidation; Metabolic syndrome; Superoxide dismutase