title: Role of bronchoalveolar lavage in diagnosis of fungal infections in liver transplant recipients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pulmonary fungal infections remain the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in liver transplant recipients. Fast and accurate causative diagnoses are essential for a good outcome. Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage frequently is performed to diagnose pulmonary infections in immunocompromised patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic use of bronchoalveolar lavage in liver transplant recipients with pulmonary infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed the data of 408 patients who underwent liver transplant from January 1990 to December 2012. Patients who underwent bronchoalveolar lavage after transplant were included in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 18 of 408 liver transplant recipients (4.41%) who underwent bronchoalveolar lavage after transplant. The mean age was 49.5 ± 18 years. In 5 patients (27.8%), fungal microorganisms were observed in the cytology of bronchoalveolar lavage specimens, including Aspergillus fumigatus in 3 patients and Candida albicans in 2 patients. Death occurred in 4 of 5 patients (80%) with fungal infections. No association was observed between the presence of fungal infection and clinical and radiographic findings of the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage is a useful, noninvasive diagnostic tool for the rapid diagnosis of infections in solid-organ transplant recipients.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pathology, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Merih
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tepeoğlu
authors.forename: Alev
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ok Atılgan
authors.forename: B Handan
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Özdemir
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haberal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018893:Bronchoalveolar Lavage; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000382:microbiology; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D008172:Lung Diseases, Fungal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D055732:Pulmonary Aspergillosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents