title: Sociodemographic Factors, Population Density, and Bicycling for Transportation in the United States.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transportation bicycling is a behavior with demonstrated health benefits. Population-representative studies of transportation bicycling in United States are lacking. This study examined associations between sociodemographic factors, population density, and transportation bicycling and described transportation bicyclists by trip purposes, using a US-representative sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study used 2009 National Household Travel Survey datasets. Associations among study variables were assessed using weighted multivariable logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On a typical day in 2009, 1% of Americans older than 5 years of age reported a transportation bicycling trip. Transportation cycling was inversely associated with age and directly with being male, with being white, and with population density (≥ 10,000 vs < 500 people/square mile: odd ratio, 2.78, 95% confidence interval, 1.54-5.05). Those whose highest level of education was a high school diploma or some college were least likely to bicycle for transportation. Twenty-one percent of transportation bicyclists reported trips to work, whereas 67% reported trips to social or other activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transportation bicycling in the United States is associated with sociodemographic characteristics and population density. Bicycles are used for a variety of trip purposes, which has implications for transportation bicycling research based on commuter data and for developing interventions to promote this behavior.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus.
authors.forename: Eileen K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Nehme
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.forename: Nalini
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ranjit
authors.forename: Benjamin C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Amick
authors.forename: Harold W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Kohl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001642:Bicycling / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011156:Population Density; D014186:Transportation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States