title: Serum Syndecan-4 as a Possible Biomarker in Patients With Acute Pneumonia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Syndecan-4 is a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan expressed in a variety of cells, and glycosaminoglycan side chains of syndecan-4 bind to several proteins, suggesting several biological functions. However, the role of syndecan-4 in acute bacterial pneumonia has not yet been elucidated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum syndecan-4 levels were measured in patients with acute pneumonia, and the relationships between serum syndecan-4 levels and clinical parameters were analyzed. Next, we treated wild-type and syndecan-4-deficient mice with Streptococcus pneumoniae intranasally and analyzed the phenotype of syndecan-4-deficient mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the patients with acute pneumonia, serum syndecan-4 levels were significantly higher than in the healthy volunteers and correlated negatively with the pneumonia severity score. In addition, in patients who improved with short-term antibiotic therapy, serum syndecan-4 levels were higher on admission and gradually increased during antibiotic therapy. Furthermore, in syndecan-4-deficient mice, the survival rate was significantly worse, and total neutrophil counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, bacterial counts in blood, and plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines were significantly higher than in wild-type mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that syndecan-4 has an anti-inflammatory function in acute pneumonia and could serve as a useful biomarker in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima.
authors.forename: Takefumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nikaido
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima.
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanino
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima.
authors.forename: Xintao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima.
authors.forename: Suguru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Misa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima.
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fukuhara
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima.
authors.forename: Atsuro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fukuhara
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima.
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uematsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima.
authors.forename: Yasuhito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Technology, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya.
authors.forename: Tetsuhito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo.
authors.forename: Mishie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanino
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima.
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Kohsuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Ikuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine Comparative Pathology Program, Department of Comparative Medicine Center of Lung Biology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
authors.forename: Charles W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Frevert
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima.
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Munakata
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008875:Middle Aged; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D053671:Syndecan-4 / Q000097:blood* / Q000172:deficiency
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D053671:Syndecan-4
keywords: S. pneumoniae; acute bacterial pneumonia; biomarker; survival; syndecan-4