title: Prediction of Nociceptive Responses during Sedation by Linear and Non-Linear Measures of EEG Signals in High Frequencies.
abstract: The level of sedation in patients undergoing medical procedures evolves continuously, affected by the interaction between the effect of the anesthetic and analgesic agents and the pain stimuli. The monitors of depth of anesthesia, based on the analysis of the electroencephalogram (EEG), have been progressively introduced into the daily practice to provide additional information about the state of the patient. However, the quantification of analgesia still remains an open problem. The purpose of this work is to improve the prediction of nociceptive responses with linear and non-linear measures calculated from EEG signal filtered in frequency bands higher than the traditional bands. Power spectral density and auto-mutual information function was applied in order to predict the presence or absence of the nociceptive responses to different stimuli during sedation in endoscopy procedure. The proposed measures exhibit better performances than the bispectral index (BIS). Values of prediction probability of Pk above 0.75 and percentages of sensitivity and specificity above 70% were achieved combining EEG measures from the traditional frequency bands and higher frequency bands.
authors.affiliation: Dept. ESAII, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Pau Gargallo 5, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Engineering Research, Pau Gargallo 5, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER-BBN, Pau Gargallo 5, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Melia
authors.affiliation: Dept. ESAII, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Pau Gargallo 5, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Engineering Research, Pau Gargallo 5, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER-BBN, Pau Gargallo 5, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vallverdú
authors.affiliation: Systems Pharmacology Effect Control & Modeling (SPEC-M) Research Group, Anesthesiology Department, Hospital CLINIC de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroimmunology Research Program Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Borrat
authors.affiliation: University of San Buenaventura, Dept. Electronic Engineering, Cali, Colombia.
authors.forename: Jose Fernando
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Valencia
authors.affiliation: R&D Dept. Quantium Medical SL, Mataró, Spain.
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jospin
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biomedical Engineering Research, Pau Gargallo 5, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Erik Weber
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: Systems Pharmacology Effect Control & Modeling (SPEC-M) Research Group, Anesthesiology Department, Hospital CLINIC de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroimmunology Research Program Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gambus
authors.affiliation: Dept. ESAII, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Pau Gargallo 5, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Engineering Research, Pau Gargallo 5, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER-BBN, Pau Gargallo 5, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Pere
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Caminal
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059225:Nociception; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted