title: Risk factors and incidence for lipid abnormalities in kidney transplant patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lipid abnormalities (LA) are related to an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases in kidney transplantation patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the risk of LA associated with potential risk factors, including immunosuppressant use, patient background characteristics, and laboratory data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 386 patients who were undergoing kidney transplantation were included in the study. Statins were prescribed to 43% of patients. The LA composite outcome was defined as statin use and/or low density lipoprotein cholesterol level ≥120 mg/dL, and 229 patients (59.3%) developed LA as a result. LA was significantly related to everolimus, corticosteroid, age, and estimated glomerular filtration ratio in the multiple logistic regression analysis. The odds ratios were 2.264, 3.119, 1.186, and 0.870, respectively. Mycophenolate mofetil, mizoribine, azathioprine, cyclosporine (CYA), tacrolimus, proteinuria, body mass index, and male sex were not related to LA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CYA influenced lipid metabolism but was not related to LA in our study. The mean post transplantation period was 8.4 years, and the CYA dose decreased over time. The CYA blood concentration was 70.0 ng/mL, which is relatively low, but it decreased the susceptibility to LA. Serum lipid levels were well controlled by statins, and the estimated glomerular filtration rate was maintained stably.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Everolimus and corticosteroid use, as well as a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and higher age, were significant risk factors for LA. CYA is known for its adverse LA effects, but it was not a significant risk factor for LA in patients undergoing maintenance phase kidney transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Technology for Transplantation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan. Electronic address: ichimaru@att.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ichimaru
authors.affiliation: Department of Specific Organ Regulation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Specific Organ Regulation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Department of Specific Organ Regulation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kakuta
authors.affiliation: Department of Specific Organ Regulation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: Department of Specific Organ Regulation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Specific Organ Regulation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nonomura
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Technology for Transplantation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: J-Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kaimori
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Technology for Transplantation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahara
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D000068338:Everolimus / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D012263:Ribonucleosides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood; D012307:Risk Factors; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D008055:Lipids; D012263:Ribonucleosides; C010052:mizoribine; D016572:Cyclosporine; D000068338:Everolimus; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D001379:Azathioprine; D016559:Tacrolimus