title: Ester Prodrugs of Ketoprofen: Synthesis, Hydrolysis Kinetics and Pharmacological Evaluation.
abstract: The ester prodrugs of ketoprofen with various naturally available antioxidants; menthol, thymol, eugenol, guiacol, vanillin and sesamol have been synthesized by the dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCC) coupling method, purified and characterized by spectral data. Further, their, partition coefficients have been determined as well as, hydrolytic studies performed. The synthesized compounds are more lipophilic compared to the parent moieties and are stable in acidic environment, which is a prerequisite for their oral absorption. Under gastric as well as intestinal pH conditions these prodrugs showed variable susceptibility towards hydrolysis. The title compounds when evaluated for anti-inflammatory, analgesic activities and ulcerogenicity, showed improvement over the parent drug.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar (E), India.
authors.forename: B V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Dhokchawle
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar (E), India.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Tauro
authors.affiliation: Dean, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jodhpur National University, Jodhpur, India.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Bhandari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004355:Drug Stability; D005260:Female; D065570:Gastric Absorption / Q000502:physiology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007660:Ketoprofen / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D011355:Prodrugs; D007660:Ketoprofen