title: Early introduction and cumulative consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages during the pre-school period and risk of obesity at 8-14 years of age.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) has been associated with risk of obesity, but little evidence exists to evaluate if age of introduction and cumulative SSB consumption increases risk in children.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to estimate the relationship between age of introduction and cumulative SSB consumption with risk of obesity in 227 Mexican children.
  
  
  METHODS
  SSB intake was measured every 6 months; age of introduction and cumulative consumption during the pre-school period were calculated. Height, weight, waist circumference, SSB intake and other relevant variables were measured at age 8-14 years and obesity defined using standard criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All participants were introduced to SSB before age 24 months and most (73%) before 12 months. Early SSB introduction (≤12 months) was not significantly associated with increased odds of obesity (odds ratio [OR] = 2.00, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87, 4.59). However, children in the highest tertile of cumulative SSB consumption, compared with the lowest, had almost three times the odds of general (OR = 2.99, 95% CI: 1.27, 7.00) and abdominal (OR = 2.70, 95% CI: 1.03, 7.03) obesity at age 8-14 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High SSB consumption increased the likelihood of obesity in 8-14-year-old children. Our results suggest that SSB intake should be delayed and excessive SSB consumption in pre-school period should be avoided.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Public Health, Cuernava, Morelos, Mexico.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cantoral
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Public Health, Cuernava, Morelos, Mexico.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Téllez-Rojo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.|Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Ettinger
authors.affiliation: Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Public Health, Cuernava, Morelos, Mexico.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hernández-Ávila
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.|Department of Nutrition and Department of Social and Behaviorial Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Peterson
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D009753:Nutritive Value; D016017:Odds Ratio; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012574:Schools; D013549:Sweetening Agents; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D013549:Sweetening Agents
keywords: Children; obesity; pre-school; sugar-sweetened beverages