title: Septic arthritis in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Septic arthritis in children is an orthopaedic emergency that has serious consequences if not diagnosed promptly and treated effectively. The presenting symptoms include pain, non-weight bearing and fever. Inflammatory markers are raised and ultra-sonography demonstrates a joint effusion.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of septic arthritis in children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Definitive treatment involves surgical drainage and lavage of the joint, followed by high-dose, empirical, intravenous (IV) antibiotics. Treatment is tailored to the causative organism, if this is identified. For an uncomplicated case of septic arthritis, 2 days of IV antibiotics followed by a 3-week course of oral antibiotics is usually sufficient. Long-term follow-up is necessary to monitor for sequelae of septic arthritis, including cartilage damage, growth disturbance and avascular necrosis of the femoral head.
authors.affiliation: MBBS, BMedSc, Orthopaedic Registrar, Department of Orthopaedics, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wall
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Donnan
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001170:Arthritis, Infectious / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D019468:Disease Management; D006801:Humans; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents