title: Can Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Nanoparticulate EndoSequence Root Repair Material Produce Injurious Effects to Rat Subcutaneous Tissues?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the injurious effects of mineral trioxide Aggregate (MTA) and EndoSequence Bioceramic Root Repair Material (ERRM; Brassler USA, Savannah, GA) 7 and 30 days after their implantation into rat subcutaneous tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve Wistar rats were selected for the present study. Each animal received 3 implants: one contained MTA, one contained ERRM, and one was an empty tube that served as a control. Half of the animals were killed after 7 days, and the remaining animals were killed 30 days after implantation. Histologic sections prepared from the skin specimens were stained with H&E, toluidine blue, Masson trichrome, and Congo red. The data were statistically analyzed with 1-way analysis of variance and paired t tests. The P value for significance was set at .05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 7 days, MTA produced a significantly greater inflammatory reaction that involved the deposition of amyloidlike protein and an increase in the mast cell population compared with ERRM (P < .05). After 30 days, the ERRM group exhibited significantly reduced inflammatory reactions compared to the MTA groups (P < .05). Areas of mononuclear cell aggregation, abscess formation, and necrosis were observed more frequently in the MTA group. The thickness of the fibrous capsule was significantly increased in the MTA compared with the ERRM groups (P < .05). Amyloidlike proteins were more frequently observed around the fibrous capsule and subdermal blood vessels and were more frequently deposited in the MTA than the ERRM specimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of the present study suggest that both ERRM and MTA cause an injurious effect when implanted in rat subcutaneous tissues after 7 and 30 days. ERRM is significantly less injurious to tissues than MTA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: dr.wafa_endo@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Wafaa A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Siham K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Abunasef
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004343:Drug Implants; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000473:pathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000473:pathology; D008422:Materials Testing; D009336:Necrosis / Q000473:pathology; D010087:Oxides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017640:Silicates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D040521:Subcutaneous Tissue / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004343:Drug Implants; C550603:EndoSequence root repair material; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate
keywords: Biocompatibility; EndoSequence; MTA; root repair materials; subcutaneous tissue