title: Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Inducing Activities of 2-Amino-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile Derivatives Loaded on Gold Nanoparticles Against Human Breast Cancer Cell Line T47D.
abstract: Chemotherapy drugs, used for prevention of uncontrolled cell proliferation in certain tissues as well as inducing apoptosis in tumor cells, are important candidates for treatment of cancer. The synthesized 2-amino-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile derivatives effective on cancerous cells resistant to other drugs such as Paclitaxel were used due to their ability in induction of apoptosis. The growth inhibitory and inducing apoptosis activities were determined. In order to make it target-oriented, the best compound was conjugated with gold nanoparticles (NPs) by aspartic acid with chemical reduction method. Cytotoxicity effect of 2-amino-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile derivatives against the T47D breast cancer cell line was determined by MTT assay. The synthesis of gold NPs was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, UV-Vis and dynamic light scattering. To assess the effects of compounds on the process of apoptosis, staining methods with acridine orange-ethidium bromide and Hoechst staining by fluorescence microscopy and DNA fragmentation by the diphenylamine method were used. The synthesized compounds containing two NH2 groups on benzene rings, demonstrated more cytotoxicity effect. The effect of conjugation with gold NPs and the induction of apoptosis were studied with the best compound. The cytotoxicity effects of the synthesized 2-amino-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile compounds were changed by replacement of NO2 group on thiol ring with different chemical groups on the benzene ring. Analyses of treated cell lines by conjugated and non-conjugated forms of compounds verified their ability in inducing apoptosis while conjugated form demonstrated higher apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kordestan, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Saffari
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran ; Department of Pilot NanoBiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 69, 12 Farvardin Street, Jomhoori Avenue, 13169-43551 Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam Farahnak
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Zarabi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aryapour
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Foroumadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pilot NanoBiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 69, 12 Farvardin Street, Jomhoori Avenue, 13169-43551 Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farhangi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pilot NanoBiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 69, 12 Farvardin Street, Jomhoori Avenue, 13169-43551 Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Soheil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghassemi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pilot NanoBiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 69, 12 Farvardin Street, Jomhoori Avenue, 13169-43551 Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Azim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akbarzadeh
keywords: 2-Amino-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile derivatives; Apoptosis; Beast cancer; Conjugating; Gold nanoparticles; T47D