title: Hydroxypropyl cellulose as an option for supplementation of cryoprotectant solutions for embryo vitrification in human assisted reproductive technologies.
abstract: Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) was investigated as a replacement for serum substitute supplement (SSS) for use in cryoprotectant solutions for embryo vitrification. Mouse blastocysts from inbred (n = 1056), hybrid (n = 128) strains, and 121 vitrified blastocysts donated by infertile patients (n = 102) were used. Mouse and human blastocysts, with or without zona pellucida, were vitrified and warmed in either 1% or 5% HPC or in 5% or 20% SSS-supplemented media using the Cryotop (Kitazato BioPharma Co. Ltd, Fuji, Japan) method, and the survival and oxygen consumption rates were assessed. Viscosity of each vitrification solution was compared. Survival rates of mouse hybrid blastocysts and human zona pellucida-intact blastocysts were comparable among the groups. Mouse and human zona pellucida-free blastocysts, which normally exhibit poor cryoresistance, showed significantly higher survival rates in 5% HPC than 5% SSS (P < 0.05). The 5% HPC-supplemented vitrification solution showed a significantly higher viscosity (P < 0.05). The blastocysts were easily detached from the Cryotop strip during warming when HPC-supplemented vitrification solution was used. The oxygen consumption rates were similar between non-vitrified and 5% HPC groups. The results suggest possible use of HPC for supplementation of cryoprotectant solutions and provide useful information to improve vitrification protocols.
authors.affiliation: Kato Ladies Clinic, 7-20-3 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Chiemi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Kato Ladies Clinic, 7-20-3 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan. Electronic address: a-yabuuchi@towako-kato.com.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yabuuchi
authors.affiliation: Kato Ladies Clinic, 7-20-3 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ezoe
authors.affiliation: Kato Ladies Clinic, 7-20-3 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Nana
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.affiliation: Kato Ladies Clinic, 7-20-3 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.affiliation: Kato Ladies Clinic, 7-20-3 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okimura
authors.affiliation: Kato Ladies Clinic, 7-20-3 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takakura
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: Kato Ladies Clinic, 7-20-3 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.affiliation: Kato Ladies Clinic, 7-20-3 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okuno
authors.affiliation: Kato Ladies Clinic, 7-20-3 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Tamotsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Kato Ladies Clinic, 7-20-3 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan. Electronic address: k-kato@towako.net.
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000166:cytology; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002470:Cell Survival; D002482:Cellulose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted; D012996:Solutions
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D012996:Solutions; D002482:Cellulose; C008079:hydroxypropylcellulose
keywords: Cryotop®; embryo; hydroxypropyl cellulose; vitrification