title: Evaluation of preconcentration methods in the analysis of synthetic musks in whole-water samples.
abstract: According to the European Water Framework Directive, environmental assessment of organic compounds should be made in whole-water samples, but due to their hydrophobicity and strong attraction to organic content these compounds can be found bound to suspended particle matter or in the dissolved fraction. In this work, the extraction of musk compounds was studied in whole-water samples exhibiting different amounts of dissolved organic carbon and suspended particulate matter using polyethersulfone preconcentration technique. Matrix effects in estuarine and wastewater (both influent and effluent) were evaluated for filtered and unfiltered samples. For unfiltered samples, estuarine water exhibited matrix effects <20%, while for effluent it was up to 48% and for influent ranged from 85 to 99%. To compensate matrix effects and determine total concentrations in unfiltered samples, different quantification approaches were tested: the use of deuterated analogues and standard additions. Standard additions provided the best results for unfiltered samples. Finally, filtered and unfiltered samples were analyzed using both polyethersulfone preconcentration and membrane-assisted solvent extraction and results showed a good agreement between the two methods. In both cases unfiltered samples provided concentrations 1.5-2.6 times higher than filtered samples.
authors.affiliation: LCABIE-IPREM, CNRS UMR 5254 UPPA, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Pau, France.|Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cavalheiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Ailette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prieto
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Olatz
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Zuloaga
authors.affiliation: LCABIE-IPREM, CNRS UMR 5254 UPPA, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Pau, France.
authors.forename: Hugues
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Preudhomme
authors.affiliation: LCABIE-IPREM, CNRS UMR 5254 UPPA, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Pau, France.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Amouroux
authors.affiliation: LCABIE-IPREM, CNRS UMR 5254 UPPA, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Pau, France.
authors.forename: Mathilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monperrus
keywords: Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry; Preconcentration; Synthetic musks; Whole water