title: Mitochondrial ATPase activity and membrane fluidity changes in rat liver in response to intoxication with buckthorn (Karwinskia humboldtiana).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Karwinskia humboldtiana (Kh) is a poisonous plant of the rhamnacea family. To elucidate some of the subcellular effects of Kh toxicity, membrane fluidity and ATPase activities as hydrolytic and as proton-pumping activity were assessed in rat liver submitochondrial particles. Rats were randomly assigned into control non-treated group and groups that received 1, 1.5 and 2 g/Kg body weight of dry powder of Kh fruit, respectively. Rats were euthanized at day 1 and 7 after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rats under Kh treatment at all dose levels tested, does not developed any neurologic symptoms. However, we detected alterations in membrane fluidity and ATPase activity. Lower dose of Kh on day 1 after treatment induced higher mitochondrial membrane fluidity than control group. This change was strongly correlated with increased ATPase activity and pH gradient driven by ATP hydrolysis. On the other hand, membrane fluidity was hardly affected on day 7 after treatment with Kh. Surprisingly, the pH gradient driven by ATPase activity was significantly higher than controls despite an diminution of the hydrolytic activity of ATPase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The changes in ATPase activity and pH gradient driven by ATPase activity suggest an adaptive condition whereby the fluidity of the membrane is altered.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. sagitario_garita_mar@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cid-Hernández
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. anacristina.ramirezanguiano@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ana C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Anguiano
authors.affiliation: División de Neurociencias, Laboratorio de Desarrollo, Envejecimiento y Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Sierra Mojada 800, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. genarogabriel@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Genaro G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.affiliation: División de Neurociencias, Laboratorio de Desarrollo, Envejecimiento y Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Sierra Mojada 800, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. ew820510@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Eddic W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Morales-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. ljglez@yahoo.com.mx.
authors.forename: Luis J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: González-Ortiz
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. sandra@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sandra F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Velasco-Ramírez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. ferminpacheco@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Fermín P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Pacheco-Moisés
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D005638:Fruit / Q000633:toxicity; D031956:Karwinskia / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D008560:Membrane Fluidity / Q000187:drug effects*; D008930:Mitochondria, Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D018892:Proton-Motive Force / Q000187:drug effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000187:drug effects; D013367:Submitochondrial Particles / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases