title: Bayley-III Cognitive and Language Scales in Preterm Children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III), Cognitive and Language scales at 24 months for predicting cognitive impairments in preterm children at 4 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children born <30 weeks' gestation completed the Bayley-III at 24 months and the Differential Ability Scale, Second Edition (DAS-II), at 4 years to assess cognitive functioning. Test norms and local term-born reference data were used to classify delay on the Bayley-III Cognitive and Language scales. Impairment on the DAS-II Global Conceptual Ability, Verbal, and Nonverbal Reasoning indices was classified relative to test norms. Scores < -1 SD relative to the mean were classified as mild/moderate delay or impairment, and scores < -2 SDs were classified as moderate delay or impairment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 105 children completed the Bayley-III and DAS-II. The sensitivity of mild/moderate cognitive delay on the Bayley-III for predicting impairment on DAS-II indices ranged from 29.4% to 38.5% and specificity ranged from 92.3% to 95.5%. The sensitivity of mild/moderate language delay on the Bayley-III for predicting impairment on DAS-II indices ranged from 40% to 46.7% and specificity ranged from 81.1% to 85.7%. The use of local reference data at 24 months to classify delay increased sensitivity but reduced specificity. Receiver operating curve analysis identified optimum cut-point scores for the Bayley-III that were more consistent with using local reference data than Bayley-III normative data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our cohort of very preterm children, delay on the Bayley-III Cognitive and Language scales was not strongly predictive of future impairments. More children destined for later cognitive impairment were identified by using cut-points based on local reference data than Bayley-III norms.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Clinical Sciences, megan.spencer-smith@monash.edu.
authors.forename: Megan M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Spencer-Smith
authors.affiliation: Clinical Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy, Newborn Research, and.
authors.forename: Alicia J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Spittle
authors.affiliation: Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics.
authors.forename: Katherine J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Clinical Sciences, Research Office, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia;
authors.forename: Lex W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.affiliation: Clinical Sciences, Department of Paediatrics.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007804:Language Development; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: Bayley-III; DAS-II; preterm birth