title: Endothelial and platelet markers in diabetes mellitus type 2.
abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an extremely common disorder which carries a risk of vascular impairment. DM type 2 (DM2) can be characterized by the dysfunction of haemostasis manifesting by stimulated coagulation process, disorder of platelet function and decreased fibrinolytic activity. These all are the reasons why DM2 is the most common acquired thrombophilia. Endothelial dysfunction along with platelet hyperactivity are unquestionably involved in the hyperactivation of platelets and clotting factors in DM. As a natural consequence of continuous investigation, many markers of endothelial dysfunction and diabetic thrombocytopathy have been identified and considered for implementation in clinical practice. Endothelial function can be assessed by the evaluation of endothelial markers, circulating molecules synthesised in various amounts by the endothelium. These markers precede the signs of evident microangiopathy. Platelets have an ethiopathogenic relation to the microangiopathy in DM. Their increased activity was confirmed in both types of DM. Predictors of endothelial and platelet disorder could improve the screening of individuals at increased risk, thus leading to the early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, as well as to the effective prevention of the complications of DM2. In the article we deal with the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of endothelial and platelet functional abnormalities, endothelial and platelet markers of DM2 considered for implementation in clinical practice and possibilities of their detection.
authors.affiliation: Peter Kubisz, Lucia Stančiaková, Ján Staško, National Centre of Haemostasis and Thrombosis, Clinic of Haematology and Transfusiology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Martin, 03659 Martin, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kubisz
authors.affiliation: Peter Kubisz, Lucia Stančiaková, Ján Staško, National Centre of Haemostasis and Thrombosis, Clinic of Haematology and Transfusiology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Martin, 03659 Martin, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stančiaková
authors.affiliation: Peter Kubisz, Lucia Stančiaková, Ján Staško, National Centre of Haemostasis and Thrombosis, Clinic of Haematology and Transfusiology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Martin, 03659 Martin, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Ján
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Staško
authors.affiliation: Peter Kubisz, Lucia Stančiaková, Ján Staško, National Centre of Haemostasis and Thrombosis, Clinic of Haematology and Transfusiology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Martin, 03659 Martin, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Galajda
authors.affiliation: Peter Kubisz, Lucia Stančiaková, Ján Staško, National Centre of Haemostasis and Thrombosis, Clinic of Haematology and Transfusiology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Martin, 03659 Martin, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Marián
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mokáň
keywords: Diabetic thrombocytopathy; Endothelial dysfunction; Endothelial markers; Platelet markers