title: Inflammatory biomarker kinetics after mechanical and bioprosthetic valve replacement.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  valve disease is an important cause of heart failure. There is a direct relationship between valve deterioration and the patient's inflammatory status and cytokines: interleukin-6, interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor, and C-reactive protein, involved in this major state of inflammation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  to report a series of cases of valve replacement, using a bioprosthetic or mechanical valve, and the inflammatory profile of them.
  
  
  METHODS
  patients older than 18 years and with bioprosthetic or mechanical valve placed for a minimum of 6 months and maximum of 2 years were included. In addition to the demographic characteristics of each patient, inflammatory markers were measured and a comparison was made of echocardiographic results before (based on medical records) and after surgery. A total of 46 patients were enrolled, 23 with mechanical valve and 23 with bioprosthetic valve.
  
  
  RESULTS
  of the 46 patients, 20 presented complete data were included, 12 with bioprosthetic and 8 with mechanical valve. There was no difference between types of prosthesis or implant site for the values of inflammatory markers although they were all above reference range.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  patients undergoing aortic mechanical valve implant benefited more than those undergoing bioprosthetic implant and both with much better results than those of valve replacements performed on mitral valve. In short, there was no difference in relation to inflammatory biomarkers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, ABC Medical School, FMABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo Rodrigues
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bacci
authors.affiliation: ABC Medical School, FMABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Neif
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Murad
authors.affiliation: Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Roberto
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Breda
authors.affiliation: ABC Medical School, FMABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Amanda Voltareli Cesar de
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: ABC Medical School, FMABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Herszkowics
authors.affiliation: ABC Medical School, FMABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nathalia Kitamoto
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: ABC Medical School, FMABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando Luiz Affonso
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Fonseca
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein