title: Comparison of efficacy and safety of ropivacaine with bupivacaine for intrathecal anesthesia for lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A prospective randomized clinical study was conducted to study the efficacy and safety of ropivacaine with bupivacaine intrathecally for lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries.
  
  
  METHODS
  70 patients aged between 18 to 65 years were randomized into two groups, n = 35 in each group. Group A received 3 ml of (0.5%) isobaric bupivacaine (15 mg) and Group B 3 ml of (0.75%) isobaric ropivacaine (22.5 mg). Spinal anesthesia procedure was standardized. Haemodynamic parameters, onset and duration of sensory and motor blockade, level achieved, regression and side effects were compared between the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Onset and regression of sensory blockade in ropivacaine group was faster with a P < 0.001 which was statistically significant. Onset of motor blockade was rapid in both the groups but duration of motor blockade was significantly shorter in ropivacaine group. Excellent analgesia, with no side effects and stable haemodynamics was noted in ropivacaine group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hence ropivacaine was safe and equally effective as bupivacaine for lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries with early motor recovery, providing early ambulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Sonal N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.lastname: Himaldev
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Madhusudan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Upadya
keywords: Intrathecal ropivacaine; lower abdominal; lower limb surgeries