title: Interferences of surfactants during determination of chlorophenols by acetylation coupled to headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography with an electron capture detector.
abstract: The micellar extraction (ME) of chlorophenols (CPs) from solid samples is rapid and avoids the use of organic solvents. The cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) is a powerful agent for ME of CPs. However, CTAB will be an important interference when the extracts are subsequently analyzed by direct solid phase microextraction (SPME) without a previous derivatization step. Therefore, CTAB is usually replaced by the nonionic surfactant polyoxyethylene-10-lauryl ether (POLE), which causes less interference but is less efficient in extracting CPs. In order to assess to what extent the derivatization of CPs with headspace (HS) sampling would be able to reduce surfactant interferences, CPs were measured in the presence of CTAB or POLE using acetylation and HS-SPME coupled to GC with an electron capture detector. Experiments were carried out both in water and in a 0.1 g/mL solution of NaCl (salting out agent). Acetylation and HS-SPME strongly decreased the interference of CTAB for CP determination. Therefore, the application of CTAB followed by SPME determination for an efficient ME of CPs from solid samples should be reconsidered since using CTAB with HS-SPME after acetylation proved to be a potential tool for CP determination in those matrixes after method optimization.
authors.affiliation: Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Teodor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stoichev
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Morais
authors.forename: M Clara P
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Basto
authors.forename: M Teresa S D
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Vasconcelos
mesh_terms: D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002733:Chlorophenols; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D013501:Surface-Active Agents