title: Singly and binary grafted poly(vinyl chloride) urinary catheters that elute ciprofloxacin and prevent bacteria adhesion.
abstract: Acrylic acid (AAc) and poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA) were singly and dually grafted onto poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) urinary catheters with the aim of preventing biofouling by endowing the catheters with the ability to load and release antimicrobial agents and to avoid bacteria adhesion. The polymers were grafted applying an oxidative pre-irradiation ((60)Co source) method in two steps. Grafting percentage and kinetics were evaluated by varying the absorbed pre-irradiation dose, reaction time, monomer concentration, and reaction temperature. Catheters with grafting percentages ranging from 8 to 207% were characterized regarding thermal stability, surface hydrophilicity, mechanical properties, swelling, and lubricity. The modified catheters proved to have better compatibility with fibroblast cells than PVC after long exposure times. Furthermore, grafted catheters were able to load ciprofloxacin and sustained its release in urine medium for several hours. Ciprofloxacin-loaded catheters inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in the catheter surroundings and prevented bacteria adhesion.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química de Radiaciones y Radioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Islas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Electronic address: carmen.alvarez.lorenzo@usc.es.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Lorenzo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Biología CIBUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Magariños
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Concheiro
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Luis Felipe
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: del Castillo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química de Radiaciones y Radioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México D.F., Mexico. Electronic address: burillo@nucleares.unam.mx.
authors.forename: Guillermina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Burillo
mesh_terms: D000179:Acrylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055499:Catheter-Related Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004355:Drug Stability; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride / Q000737:chemistry*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013499:Surface Properties; D062885:Urinary Catheters
chemical_list: D000179:Acrylates; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D008689:Methacrylates; C524499:polyethylene glycol methacrylate; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride; C036658:acrylic acid
keywords: AAc grafting; Antibiofouling; Ciprofloxacin; PEGMA grafting; PVC catheters; Urinary catheters