title: Periostin of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts promotes migration of human mesenchymal stem cell through the αvβ3 integrin/FAK/PI3K/Akt pathway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The periodontal ligament (PDL) is characterized by rapid turnover, high remodeling capacity and high inherent regenerative potential compared with other connective tissues. Periostin, which is highly expressed in the fibroblasts in the PDL, has been widely discussed in relation to collagen fibrillogenesis in the PDL. Recently, several reports have indicated periostin in cell migration. The aim of this study was to examine whether human PDL fibroblasts (hPDLFs) with high levels of periostin expression promote the migration of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  The migration of hMSCs was examined by transwell chamber migration assay under different conditions: medium alone, hPDLFs, human dermal fibroblasts, recombinant periostin, integrin αvβ3 blocking antibody (anti-CD51/61 antibody) and inhibitors of FAK (PF431396) and PI3K (LY294002). Phosphorylation of FAK and Akt in hMSCs under stimulation of periostin was examined by western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The migration assay revealed that the number of migrated hMSCs by hPDLFs was significantly larger than those by dermal fibroblasts, periostin small interfering RNA hPDLFs and medium alone. Furthermore, recombinant periostin also strongly induced hMSC migration. The addition of anti-CD51/61 antibody, PF431396 and LY294002 caused a significant reduction in the number of migrated hMSCs respectively. The anti-CD51/61 antibody inhibited both FAK and Akt phosphorylations under periostin stimulation. PF431396 inhibited both FAK and Akt phosphorylations. LY294002 inhibited only Akt phosphorylation, and FAK phosphorylation was not influenced under periostin stimulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Periostin expression in hPDLFs promotes the migration of hMSCs through the αvβ3 integrin/FAK/PI3K/Akt pathway in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuzawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.affiliation: Department of Translation Research, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.affiliation: Department of Translation Research, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamakoshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oida
authors.affiliation: Department of Translation Research, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hanada
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism*; D054443:Cell Migration Assays; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D039302:Integrin alphaVbeta3 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D039302:Integrin alphaVbeta3; C512835:POSTN protein, human; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; C496050:PTK2 protein, human; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
keywords: cell migration; periodontal ligament; periostin; signal transduction