title: Controlled exposure to diesel exhaust and traffic noise--Effects on oxidative stress and activation in mononuclear blood cells.
abstract: Particulate air pollution increases risk of cancer and cardiopulmonary disease, partly through oxidative stress. Traffic-related noise increases risk of cardiovascular disease and may cause oxidative stress. In this controlled random sequence study, 18 healthy subjects were exposed for 3h to diesel exhaust (DE) at 276 μg/m(3) from a passenger car or filtered air, with co-exposure to traffic noise at 48 or 75 dB(A). Gene expression markers of inflammation, (interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor), oxidative stress (heme oxygenase (decycling-1)) and DNA repair (8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1)) were unaltered in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). No significant differences in DNA damage levels, measured by the comet assay, were observed after DE exposure, whereas exposure to high noise levels was associated with significantly increased levels of hOGG1-sensitive sites in PBMCs. Urinary levels of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine were unaltered. In auxiliary ex vivo experiments whole blood was incubated with particles from the exposure chamber for 3h without effects on DNA damage in PBMCs or intracellular reactive oxygen species production and expression of CD11b and CD62L adhesion molecules in leukocyte subtypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  3-h exposure to DE caused no genotoxicity, oxidative stress or inflammation in PBMCs, whereas exposure to noise might cause oxidatively damaged DNA.
authors.affiliation: Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jette Gjerke
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Hemmingsen
authors.affiliation: Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Møller
authors.affiliation: Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jantzen
authors.affiliation: Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Bo A G
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Jönsson
authors.affiliation: Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Albin
authors.affiliation: Department of Design Sciences, Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Aneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wierzbicka
authors.affiliation: Department of Design Sciences, Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gudmundsson
authors.affiliation: Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: stl@sund.ku.dk.
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Loft
authors.affiliation: Department of Design Sciences, Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden. Electronic address: jenny.rissler@design.lth.se.
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rissler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009624:Noise, Transportation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D001335:Vehicle Emissions
keywords: Diesel exhaust; Genotoxicity; Inflammation; Oxidative stress; Oxidatively damaged DNA; Traffic noise