title: Transfer of microRNAs by extracellular membrane microvesicles: a nascent crosstalk model in tumor pathogenesis, especially tumor cell-microenvironment interactions.
abstract: Anticancer treatments aiming at killing malignant cells have been applied for decades but have been unsuccessful at curing the disease. The modern concept of tumor microenvironment, especially angiogenesis, suggests that the tumor is not only composed of malignant cells, but also consists of other groups of cells that work together. Recently, genetic message transfer has been revealed between tumor cells and their microenvironment. The latest cell-derived vector, extracellular membrane microvesicles (EMVs), has been found to provide membrane protection and allowed to deliver genetic information beyond the cells. Additionally, EMV-associated microRNAs are involved in a variety of cellular pathways for tumor initiation and progression. Previous published reviews have focused on miRNA that included EMVs as a sensitive marker for tumor monitoring in clinical applications that are based on the alteration of their expression levels in conjunction with disease occurrence and progression. From the aspect of cellular crosstalk, this article will review the role of EMV-mediated microRNA transfer in tumor pathogenesis, including tumor treatment obstacles, history and features, and current research in inflammatory/immune pathologies, as well as in solid tumors and hematological malignancies. This nascent crosstalk model will provide a novel insight into complementing the classic mechanisms of intercellular communication and contribute to the potential therapeutic strategy via small RNA molecule-carrying EMVs for multimodality treatment of cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. li.zhang201101@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA. Alexander.Valencia@cchmc.org.|Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA. Alexander.Valencia@cchmc.org.
authors.forename: C Alexander
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Valencia
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA. dong_biao@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Biao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. chenmengbetter@163.com.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. lingpan20002000@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Pu-Jun
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. lingpan20002000@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055252:Cell-Derived Microparticles / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020239:Receptor Cross-Talk / Q000502:physiology*; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs