title: Differentiation, apoptosis, and GM-CSF receptor expression of human gingival fibroblasts on a titanium surface treated by a dual acid-etched procedure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Analysis of the effects of titanium surface properties on the biological behavior of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs).
  
  
  METHODS
  HGFs were in vitro cultured on a titanium surface modified by a dual acid-etched procedure and on a control machined surface. Cell adhesion, proliferation, apoptosis, production of certain extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and expression of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor receptor (GM-CSFR) were investigated using in each experiment a total of 18 samples for each titanium surface.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cell attachment at 3 h of culture was statistically significantly higher on the etched surface. HGF growth increased on both surfaces during the entire experimental period and at day 14 of culture cell proliferation was statistically significantly higher on the treated surface than on the control. No statistically significant differences in percentage of apoptosis events were observed between the surfaces. ECM protein production increased progressively over time on both surfaces. A statistically significant deposition was observed at day 7 and 14 for collagen I and only at day 14 for fibronectin and tenascin, when compared to the baseline. GM-CSFR registered a positive expression on both surfaces, statistically significant at day 14 on the etched surface in comparison with the machined one.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data showed that titanium surface microtopography modulates in vitro cell response and phenotypical expression of HGFs. The etched surface promoted a higher cell proliferation and differentiation improving the biological behavior of HGFs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest a possible beneficial effect of surface etching modification on peri-implant biological integration and soft tissue healing which is critical for the formation of a biological seal around the neck of dental implants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ramaglia
authors.affiliation: Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Spigna
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Capece
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy. carolina.84@hotmail.it.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sbordone
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salzano
authors.affiliation: Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Loredana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Postiglione
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D017209:Apoptosis; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000494:pharmacology; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D016187:Receptors, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D003764:Dental Materials; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D016187:Receptors, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Apoptosis; Dental implant surface; Extracellular matrix; Fibroblasts; Growth factors