title: Focusing the surgical microscope.
abstract: A well-focused operating microscope addresses several needs that are all secondary to the surgeon's need to see clearly at all times. These needs include: the assistant; the sharpness of the video and monitor; as well as field of view, asthenopia, and focusing issues related to zoom, accommodation, and presbyopia. We provide a practical approach to achieve optimal focus that we call the sloping paper calibration method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Sergiu D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Socea
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Yoreh
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Barak
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel. Electronic address: e_blumenthal@rambam.health.gov.il.
authors.forename: Eytan Z
authors.initials: EZ
authors.lastname: Blumenthal
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D002138:Calibration; D006801:Humans; D008853:Microscopy / Q000592:standards*; D018715:Microscopy, Video; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000295:instrumentation; D009873:Operating Rooms; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011305:Presbyopia / Q000503:physiopathology; D020535:Video-Assisted Surgery / Q000295:instrumentation*
keywords: focus; focusing; microscope; surgical microscope