title: Field evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test to detect antibodies in human toxocariasis.
abstract: Human toxocariasis which is caused mainly by the larvae of Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati, is a worldwide zoonotic disease that can be a potentially serious human infection. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using T. canis excretory-secretory (TES) antigens harvested from T. canis larvae is currently the serological test for confirming toxocariasis. An alternative to producing large amounts of Toxocara TES and improved diagnosis for toxocariasis is through the development of highly specific recombinant antigens such as the T. canis second stage larva excretory-secretory 30 kDa protein (recTES-30). The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a rapid diagnostic kit (RDT, named as iToxocara kit) in comparison to recTES-30 ELISA in Serendah Orang Asli village in Selangor, Malaysia. A total of 133 subjects were included in the study. The overall prevalence rates by ELISA and RDT were 29.3% and 33.1%, respectively, with more positive cases detected in males than females. However, no association was found between toxocariasis and gender or age. The percentage sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of RDT were 85.7%, 90.1%, 80% and 93.2%, respectively. The prevalence for toxocariasis in this population using both ELISA and RDT was 27.1% (36/133) and the K-concordance test suggested good agreement of the two tests with a Cohen's kappa of 0.722, P<0.01. In addition, the followed-up Spearman rank correlation showed a moderately high correlation at R=0.704 and P<0.01. In conclusion, the RDT kit was faster and easier to use than an ELISA and is useful for the laboratory diagnosis of hospitalized cases of toxocariasis.
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Sciences, International Medical University, 126 Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: kimchooi_lim@imu.edu.my.
authors.forename: P K C
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan. Electronic address: hyamasak@nih.go.jp.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Sciences, International Medical University, 126 Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: joonwah_mak@imu.edu.my.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Mak
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Sciences, International Medical University, 126 Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: shewfung_wong@imu.edu.my.
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 126 Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: chunwie_chong@imu.edu.my.
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 126 Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: ivan_yap@imu.edu.my.
authors.forename: I K S
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Yap
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Sciences, International Medical University, 126 Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: stephen_ambu@imu.edu.my.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ambu
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Sciences, International Medical University, 126 Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: verasingam_kumarasamy@imu.edu.my.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumarasamy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000592:standards*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008296:Malaysia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017166:Toxocara canis / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014120:Toxocariasis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000909:Antibodies, Helminth
keywords: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Human toxocariasis; Immunodiagnosis; Rapid diagnostic test; Recombinant antigen