title: Comparative evaluation of the prophylactic activity of a slow-release insecticide collar and a moxidectin spot-on formulation against Thelazia callipaeda infection in naturally exposed dogs in France.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The relative efficacy of a collar containing 10% imidacloprid and 4.5% flumethrin (Seresto, Bayer HealthCare Animal Health) and a spot on formulation containing 10% imidacloprid and 2.5% moxidectin (Advocate, Bayer HealthCare Animal Health) was evaluated as a control measure to prevent canine thelaziosis in dogs in an endemic area of France.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-six privately-owned dogs were enrolled in the multicentre, controlled study. Before summer (the period of transmission by fruit flies), dogs were allocated to one of three groups: Group A (n = 36)- treated once with a collar containing 10% imidacloprid and 4.5% flumethrin; Group B (n = 33)- treated every month for 8 months with a spot-on containing imidacloprid 10% and moxidectin 2.5%; and Group C (n = 27)- untreated control animals. Dogs were regularly subjected to ocular examination in order to assess Thelazia callipaeda infection. During the trial, T. callipaeda nematodes were detected in 12 (33%) collared dogs (group A) whereas no eyeworm could be found in dogs who received a monthly spot on application of moxidectin (group B). In the control group, 8 (30%) dogs became infected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The monthly application of a spot on formulation containing 10% imidacloprid and 2.5% moxidectin was shown to be highly effective in preventing T. callipaeda infection in a population of dogs living in an endemic area in France. On the contrary, the slow-release collar tested in this study did not display any protection against canine thelaziosis.
authors.affiliation: Parasitology, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France. charlote_83@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lechat
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Clinic, Notre Dame de Sanilhac, France. vetosimeon@orange.fr.
authors.forename: Noémie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Siméon
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Clinic, Vergt, France. vet.olivierpennant@orange.fr.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pennant
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics and clinical epidemiology, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France. ldesquilbet@vet-alfort.fr.
authors.forename: Loïc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Desquilbet
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France. schahory@vet-alfort.fr.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chahory
authors.affiliation: Bayer HealthCare Animal Health, Puteaux, France. christophe.lesueur@bayer.com.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Le Sueur
authors.affiliation: Parasitology, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France. jguillot@vet-alfort.fr.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guillot
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018942:Macrolides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017205:Spirurida Infections / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D013802:Thelazioidea / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D018942:Macrolides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D011722:Pyrethrins; C041392:flumethrin; C082359:imidacloprid; C027837:moxidectin