title: Diverse Phenotypes and Specific Transcription Patterns in Twenty Mouse Lines with Ablated LincRNAs.
abstract: In a survey of 20 knockout mouse lines designed to examine the biological functions of large intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs), we have found a variety of phenotypes, ranging from perinatal lethality to defects associated with premature aging and morphological and functional abnormalities in the lungs, skeleton, and muscle. Each mutant allele carried a lacZ reporter whose expression profile highlighted a wide spectrum of spatiotemporal and tissue-specific transcription patterns in embryos and adults that informed our phenotypic analyses and will serve as a guide for future investigations of these genes. Our study shows that lincRNAs are a new class of encoded molecules that, like proteins, serve essential and important functional roles in embryonic development, physiology, and homeostasis of a broad array of tissues and organs in mammals.
authors.affiliation: VelociGene, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ka-Man Venus
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: VelociGene, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Guochun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: VelociGene, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Atanasio
authors.affiliation: VelociGene, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rojas
authors.affiliation: VelociGene, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quispe
authors.affiliation: VelociGene, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Julita
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Posca
authors.affiliation: VelociGene, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: VelociGene, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: VelociGene, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Daria
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fedorova
authors.affiliation: VelociGene, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.affiliation: VelociGene, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Miloscio
authors.affiliation: VelociGene, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Droguett
authors.affiliation: VelociGene, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: William T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Poueymirou
authors.affiliation: VelociGene, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Wojtek
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Auerbach
authors.affiliation: VelociGene, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: George D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Yancopoulos
authors.affiliation: VelociGene, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Frendewey
authors.affiliation: Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rinn
authors.affiliation: VelociGene, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Valenzuela
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D017930:Genes, Reporter / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008322:Mammals / Q000235:genetics; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010641:Phenotype; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; C021499:lactose permease