title: Efficacy of zinc compounds in controlling Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol formation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).
abstract: The efficiency of zinc compounds (zinc sulfate, ZnSO4 and zinc oxide, ZnO in regular and nanosize, respectively) on wheat plants was evaluated against growth of Fusarium graminearum and DON formation. In addition, any possible effects on the grain microstructures were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the remaining residue of Zn on wheat plants was analyzed. The plants were inoculated with F. graminearum and treated with Zn compounds (100mM) onto spikelets at the anthesis stage. When wheat plants reached maturation, grains were harvested and evaluated for Fusarium (number of colonies, CFU/g), DON formation, and SEM observation, followed by determination of possible remaining Zn residue. The groups treated with ZnSO4 and ZnO-NP showed a reduction in number of CFU of F. graminearum when compared to the control. Similarly for DON formation, i.e. the toxin was reduced to non-detected levels in the treated group. ZnO-NP efficiently reduced F. graminearum and DON formation in the grains at low concentration. Zn remained within the international recommended level for consumption and the treatment did not cause any damage to wheat grains. New strategies of control using Zn compounds in addition to conventional treatments could increase the efficiency against FBH and DON formation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Mycotoxicology and Food Contaminants, Food Science and Technology Department, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Electronic address: geovanasavi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Geovana D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Savi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Mycotoxicology and Food Contaminants, Food Science and Technology Department, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karim C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Piacentini
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Mycotoxicology and Food Contaminants, Food Science and Technology Department, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Stephany Ramos
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Plant Science Department, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maíra E B
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Plant Science Department, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristina M R
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Mycotoxicology and Food Contaminants, Food Science and Technology Department, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vildes M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Scussel
mesh_terms: D005670:Fusarium / Q000187:drug effects*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D014908:Triticum / Q000382:microbiology*; D017967:Zinc Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014255:Trichothecenes; D017967:Zinc Compounds; C007262:deoxynivalenol
keywords: Control; DON; Fusarium head blight; Wheat; Zinc; Zinc oxide (PubChem CID: 14806); Zinc sulfate (PubChem CID: 24424)