title: Mental health of Japanese psychiatrists: the relationship among level of occupational stress, satisfaction and depressive symptoms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Psychiatrists in clinical practice face a number of stressors related to patient care, such as overwork. On the other hand, they gain satisfaction from their work. We quantified and assessed the potential relationship between levels of occupational stress, satisfaction, and depressive symptoms among Japanese clinical psychiatrists. We surveyed 206 psychiatrists with up to 15 years of clinical experience who primarily worked in patient care. Levels of occupational stress and occupational satisfaction were measured using the Visual Analogue Scale and the level of depressive symptoms was measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Workplace stressors and satisfiers were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 206 psychiatrists, 154 (74.8%) responded to the survey. The respondents' mean (SD) age was 34.3 (5.2) years. The estimated prevalence of significant depressive symptoms was 34.4% (n = 53), and the experienced frequent violence was 14.9% (n = 23). The level of depressive symptoms was inversely correlated with the level of occupational satisfaction. In respondents who reported a moderate level of occupational stress, having fewer depressive symptoms was associated with higher occupational satisfaction, but this association was not significant in those who reported a high level of stress. In addition, high occupational satisfaction was associated with interest towards work content, ability to work at one's discretion, opportunities for growth and career development, and ease of communication with supervisors and colleagues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nearly one-third of the psychiatrists screened positive for significant depressive symptoms. Having fewer depressive symptoms was associated with higher occupational satisfaction in those who reported a moderate level of stress. Implications from the present findings may be to enhance occupational satisfaction by discussing work interests with a supervisor, as well as increased opportunities for career development, which may prevent depression among psychiatrists.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. rohikiakireko@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koreki
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. anakagawa@z2.keip.jp.|Center for Clinical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. anakagawa@z2.keip.jp.
authors.forename: Atsuo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. soleiakiko930@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. chocopopeye@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Hidetsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ikeuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. jokubo2006@7.so-net.jp.
authors.forename: Jo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Okubo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. midsam@hotmail.co.jp.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oguri
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. keiorimo@c3-net.ne.jp.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Orimo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. nariko1013@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Nariko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. hiroyo-peanuts@hotmail.co.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroyo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. shikimoto2006@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shikimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. n-go@yb4.so-net.ne.jp.
authors.forename: Go
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. nogamiwaka@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Waka
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Nogami
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. m_891k@msn.com.
authors.forename: Kazuma
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Haki
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. tetsuro1026@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. taroucat0314@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. nafkin@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Funaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. miamatsuzawa@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Mia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuzawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. aya_206@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. mimura@a7.keio.jp.
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mimura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D015995:Prevalence; D011570:Psychiatry; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017132:Workplace / Q000523:psychology