title: Learners, performers, caregivers, and team players: Descriptions of the ideal medical student in longitudinal integrated and block clerkships.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hidden curriculum literature suggests that different learning environments and curricular designs reinforce disparate values and behaviors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study explores potential differences in learning environments afforded by two clerkship models through perceptions of the ideal student.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this qualitative study, research assistants interviewed 48 third-year students and 26 clinical supervisors from three US medical schools. Students and supervisors participated in longitudinal integrated clerkships (LICs) or block clerkships. Students and supervisors described the ideal student in their clerkship. Using phenomenographic techniques, authors identified five ideal student profiles and coded students' and supervisors' descriptions for alignment with one or more profiles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most students in both models described an ideal student who matched a learner profile (proactive and self-directed). More LIC students described an ideal student who fit a caregiver profile (engaging with and advocating for patients) and more block students described performer (appearing knowledgeable and competent) and team-player (working well with others) profiles. Supervisors' descriptions paralleled students' descriptions but with less emphasis on caregiving.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ideal student descriptions in LIC and block models may reflect different learning experiences and values emphasized in each model. These findings suggest implications for students' construction of professional identities that warrant further exploration.
authors.affiliation: a University of California , San Francisco , USA .
authors.forename: Bridget C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.affiliation: b Harvard Medical School , USA .
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hirsh
authors.affiliation: b Harvard Medical School , USA .
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Krupat
authors.affiliation: a University of California , San Francisco , USA .
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Batt
authors.affiliation: c University of South Dakota , USA.
authors.forename: Lori A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: a University of California , San Francisco , USA .
authors.forename: Ann N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Poncelet
authors.affiliation: b Harvard Medical School , USA .
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ogur
authors.affiliation: a University of California , San Francisco , USA .
authors.forename: Karen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Hauer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002982:Clinical Clerkship / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004522:Educational Status; D004645:Empathy; D004777:Environment; D005180:Faculty, Medical / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006126:Group Processes; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D036301:Qualitative Research; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology*; D014481:United States