title: Prognosis of psychomotor and mental development in premature infants by early cranial ultrasound.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is of high incidence of brain injuries in premature infants, so it is necessary to diagnose and treat the brain injury early for neonatal clinical practice. We are aimed to investigate the relationship between early postnatal cranial ultrasonography and psychomotor and mental development in prematrue infants at the age of 12 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-hundred and eight premature infants were selected and underwent follow-up from January, 2007 to November, 2012. Cranial ultrasonography was performed on them. The developmental outcomes of these premature infants at the age of 12 months were assessed by the psychomotor developmental index (PDI) scale and mental development index (MDI). The relationship between ultrasonic gray-scale value and PDI and MDI was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The worse prognosis for psychomotor and mental development was associated with the gestational age, Apgar score(1 min), gender, chorioamnionitis, duration of mechanical ventilation and duration of mechanic ventilation. The differences between the prognosis of psychomotor and mental development, and peri-intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH) and periventricular white matter damage (PWMD), were statistically significant (P<0.05). There were also significant differences between the early postnatal ultrasonic gray-scale value and prognoses of both psychomotor development and mental development (P<0.05). There were negative correlations between ultrasonic gray-scale and both PDI and MDI (r=-0.753, P<0.05; r=-0.764, P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The early postnatal cranial ultrasonography can assist to predict the prognosis of psychomotor and mental development for premature infants. The higher grade of PIVH and PWMD was associated with the worse prognosis of psychomotor and mental development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, NO.23 Pingjiang road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, China. Yang_D191@163.com.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, NO.23 Pingjiang road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, China. fuqiang_s02@163.com.
authors.forename: Fu-qiang
authors.initials: FQ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, NO.23 Pingjiang road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, China. Yueqin_L342@163.com.
authors.forename: Yue-qin
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, NO.23 Pingjiang road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, China. Sheng_sq@163.com.
authors.forename: Sheng-shun
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Que
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, NO.23 Pingjiang road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, China. suyan_y044@163.com.
authors.forename: Su-yan
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, NO.23 Pingjiang road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, China. wenjing_x355@163.com.
authors.forename: Wen-jing
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, NO.23 Pingjiang road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, China. wenh_y@163.com.
authors.forename: Wen-hong
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, NO.23 Pingjiang road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, China. Jun_huaC@163.com.
authors.forename: Jun-hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, NO.23 Pingjiang road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, China. Ya_jieL@163.com.
authors.forename: Ya-jie
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, NO.23 Pingjiang road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, China. xin_l010@163.com.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002657:Child Development; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D004453:Echoencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000523:psychology*; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies