title: Prognostic, predictive and potential surrogate markers in castration-resistant prostate cancer.
abstract: Several novel therapeutic agents have demonstrated improvement of overall survival and further patient relevant endpoints in the setting of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Nevertheless, two questions have become increasingly relevant: are there any prognostic or predictive markers that could ease clinical decision-making using risk stratification and risk-adapted treatment in order to provide a benefit for the patient? Furthermore, against the background of increasing possibilities of therapy sequencing in clinical practice and in the clinical trial landscape in castration-resistant prostate cancer, does an isolated evaluation of overall survival reliably mirror the benefit attributable to a single compound? To address both these questions, suitable parameters serving as surrogates for intermediate and long-term endpoints and reflecting individual benefit, respectively, need to be identified and proven.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Atiqullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aziz
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kempkensteffen
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lebentrau
authors.forename: Maximilian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burger
authors.forename: Felix K-H
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brookman-May
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D064129:Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: biomarker; castration-resistant prostate cancer; clinical decision-making; clinical trials; predictive marker; prognostic marker; surrogate endpoint; surrogate marker