title: Renal replacement therapy in acute kidney injury: controversy and consensus.
abstract: Renal replacement therapies (RRTs) represent a cornerstone in the management of severe acute kidney injury. This area of intensive care and nephrology has undergone significant improvement and evolution in recent years. Continuous RRTs have been a major focus of new technological and treatment strategies. RRT is being used increasingly in the intensive care unit, not only for renal indications but also for other organ-supportive strategies. Several aspects related to RRT are now well established, but others remain controversial. In this review, we review the available RRT modalities, covering technical and clinical aspects. We discuss several controversial issues, provide some practical recommendations, and where possible suggest a research agenda for the future.
authors.affiliation: Department Nephrology Dialysis & Transplantation, International Renal Research Institute (IRRIV), San Bortolo Hospital, Viale Rodolfi, 36100, Vicenza, Italy. cronco@goldnet.it.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ronco
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy. zaccaria.ricci@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Zaccaria
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Université libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium. ddebacke@ulb.ac.be.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De Backer
authors.affiliation: Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA. kellumja@ccm.upmc.edu.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kellum
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Université libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium. ftaccone@ulb.ac.be.
authors.forename: Fabio S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Taccone
authors.affiliation: Division of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria. michael.joannidis@i-med.ac.at.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Joannidis
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Peter.Pickkers@radboudumc.nl.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pickkers
authors.affiliation: Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Torino, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria 'Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino Presidio Molinette', Corso Bramante 88, 10126, Turin, Italy. vincenzo.cantaluppi@unito.it.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cantaluppi
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care, Aurelia Hospital and European Hospital, Via Portuense 694, 00416, Rome, Italy. franco.turani@fastwebnet.it.
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Turani
authors.affiliation: Service of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, 4 rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil, CH 1211, Geneva, Switzerland. Patrick.Saudan@hcuge.ch.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saudan
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Melbourne, VIC, 3084, Australia. Rinaldo.BELLOMO@austin.org.au.
authors.forename: Rinaldo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bellomo
authors.affiliation: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation 2, Avenue de Magellan, F-33600, Pessac, France. olivier.joannes-boyau@chu-bordeaux.fr.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Joannes-Boyau
authors.affiliation: Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore - Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy. m.antonelli@rm.unicatt.it.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Antonelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, 7 Denis Diderot, 75475, Paris, Cedex 10, France. dpayen1234@orange.fr.
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Payen
authors.affiliation: Adult Critical Care Unit, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health, Whitechapel Road, London, E1 1BB, UK. john.prowle@bartshealth.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Prowle
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Université libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium. jlvincen@ulb.ac.be.
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Vincent
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D032921:Consensus; D016638:Critical Illness; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D017582:Renal Replacement Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*