title: The effects of treatment with liraglutide on atherothrombotic risk in obese young women with polycystic ovary syndrome and controls.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with obesity and increased cardiovascular (CV) risk markers. In this study our aim was to assess the effects of six months treatment with liraglutide 1.8 mg od on obesity, and CV risk markers, particularly platelet function, in young obese women with PCOS compared to controls of similar age and weight.
  
  
  METHODS
  Carotid intima-media wall thickness (cIMT) was measured by B-mode ultrasonography, platelet function by flow cytometry, clot structure/lysis by turbidimetric assays and endothelial function by ELISA and post-ischaemic reactive hyperemia (RHI). Data presented as mean change (6-month - baseline) ± standard deviation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen obese women with PCOS and 17 controls, of similar age and weight, were recruited; baseline atherothrombotic risk markers did not differ between the two groups. Twenty five (69.4%) participants completed the study (13 PCOS, 12 controls). At six months, weight was significantly reduced by 3.0 ± 4.2 and 3.8 ± 3.4 kg in the PCOS and control groups, respectively; with no significant difference between the two groups, P = 0.56. Similarly, HOMA-IR, triglyceride, hsCRP, urinary isoprostanes, serum endothelial adhesion markers (sP-selectin, sICAM and sVCAM), and clot lysis area were equally significantly reduced in both groups compared to baseline. Basal platelet P-selectin expression was significantly reduced at six months in controls -0.17 ± 0.26 but not PCOS -0.12 ± 0.28; between groups difference, 95% confidence interval = -0.14 - 0.26, P = 0.41. No significant changes were noted in cIMT or RHI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Six months treatment with liraglutide (1.8 mg od) equally affected young obese women with PCOS and controls. In both groups, liraglutide treatment was associated with 3-4% weight loss and significant reduction in atherothrombosis markers including inflammation, endothelial function and clotting. Our data support the use of liraglutide as weight loss medication in simple obesity and suggest a potential beneficial effect on platelet function and atherothrombotic risk at 6 months of treatment.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Clinical trial reg. no. ISRCTN48560305. Date of registration 22/05/2012.
authors.affiliation: Academic Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK. hassan.kahal@yahoo.co.uk.|Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK. hassan.kahal@yahoo.co.uk.|Diabetes and Endocrinology, Diabetes Centre, York Hospital, Wigginton Road, York, YO31 8HE, UK. hassan.kahal@yahoo.co.uk.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kahal
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK. A.Aburima@hull.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aburima
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK. drungvaritamas@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Tamas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ungvari
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK. asr1960@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Alan S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Rigby
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK. anne.coady@hey.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Coady
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport, Exercise and Health Science, University of Hull, Hull, UK. rebecca.vince@hull.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Rebecca V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Vince
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute for Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, Leeds, UK. R.Ajjan@leeds.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Ramzi A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Ajjan
authors.affiliation: Clinical Biochemistry, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK. Eric.Kilpatrick@hey.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Eric S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Kilpatrick
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK. Khalid.Naseem@hyms.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Khalid M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Naseem
authors.affiliation: Weill Cornell Medical College Qatar, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar. sla2002@qatar-med.cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Stephen L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Atkin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D005260:Female; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D000069450:Liraglutide; D008875:Middle Aged; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000069450:Liraglutide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1