title: Association of decreased serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations in early pregnancy with antepartum depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antepartum depression is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality in the prenatal period. There is accumulating evidence for the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the pathophysiology of depression. The present study examines the extent to which maternal early pregnancy serum BDNF levels are associated with antepartum depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 968 women were recruited and interviewed in early pregnancy. Antepartum depression prevalence and symptom severity were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale. Maternal serum BDNF levels were measured using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Logistic regression procedures were performed to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) adjusted for confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maternal early pregnancy serum BDNF levels were significantly lower in women with antepartum depression compared to women without depression (mean ± standard deviation [SD]: 20.78 ± 5.97 vs. 21.85 ± 6.42 ng/ml, p = 0.024). Lower BDNF levels were associated with increased odds of maternal antepartum depression. After adjusting for confounding, women whose serum BDNF levels were in the lowest three quartiles (<17.32 ng/ml) had 1.61-fold increased odds (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.30) of antepartum depression as compared with women whose BDNF levels were in the highest quartile (>25.31 ng/ml). There was no evidence of an association of BDNF levels with depression symptom severity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lower maternal serum BDNF levels in early pregnancy are associated with antepartum depression. These findings may point toward new therapeutic opportunities and BDNF should be assessed as a potential biomarker for risk prediction and monitoring response to treatment for antepartum depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. jennyfung@college.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. bgelaye@hsph.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Bizu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gelaye
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. qyzhong@mail.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Qiu-Yue
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Cayetano Heredia Peruvian University, Lima, Peru. mbrondon@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marta B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Rondon
authors.affiliation: Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru. sixtosanchez@gmail.com.|Asociación Civil PROESA, Lima, Peru. sixtosanchez@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sixto E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. ybarrios@hsph.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Yasmin V
authors.initials: YV
authors.lastname: Barrios
authors.affiliation: Center for Perinatal Studies, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA. Karin.Hevner@swedish.org.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hevner
authors.affiliation: Center for Perinatal Studies, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA. Chun-fang.Qiu@swedish.org.
authors.forename: Chunfang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. mawilliams@hsph.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000097:blood*; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010568:Peru / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor