title: Rice tissue-specific promoters and condition-dependent promoters for effective translational application.
abstract: Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the most important staple food crops for more than half of the world's population. The demand is increasing for food security because of population growth and environmental challenges triggered by climate changes. This scenario has led to more interest in developing crops with greater productivity and sustainability. The process of genetic transformation, a major tool for crop improvement, utilizes promoters as one of its key elements. Those promoters are generally divided into three types: constitutive, spatiotemporal, and condition-dependent. Transcriptional control of a constitutive promoter often leads to reduced plant growth, due to a negative effect of accumulated molecules during cellular functions or energy consumption. To maximize the effect of a transgene on transgenic plants, it is better to use condition-dependent or tissue-specific promoters. However, until now, those types have not been as widely applied in crop biotechnology. In this review, we introduce and discuss four groups of tissue-specific promoters (50 promoters in total) and six groups of condition-dependent promoters (27 promoters). These promoters can be utilized to fine-tune desirable agronomic traits and develop crops with tolerance to various stresses, enhanced nutritional value, and advanced productivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea.|Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Hong
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D001709:Biotechnology; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic
keywords: Condition-dependent promoters; crop biotechnology application; genetic transformation; rice; tissue-specific promoters