title: Imaging and force measurement of LDL and HDL by AFM in air and liquid.
abstract: The size and biomechanical properties of lipoproteins are tightly correlated with their structures/functions. While atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used to image lipoproteins the force measurement of these nano-sized particles is missing. We detected that the sizes of LDL and HDL in liquid are close to the commonly known values. The Young's modulus of LDL or HDL is ∼0.4 GPa which is similar to that of some viral capsids or nanovesicles but greatly larger than that of various liposomes. The adhesive force of LDL or HDL is small (∼200 pN). The comparison of AFM detection in air and liquid was also performed which is currently lacking. Our data may provide useful information for better understanding and AFM detection of lipoproteins.
authors.affiliation: Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China ; College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China.
authors.forename: Chaoye
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.affiliation: Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China ; Department of Pharmacy, Science and Technology College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330025, China.
authors.forename: Meiying
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ao
authors.affiliation: Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China ; College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China.
authors.forename: Zhanghua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China ; College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
keywords: AFM, atomic force microscopy; Adhesive force; Atomic force microscopy (AFM); CAD, coronary artery disease; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; High-density lipoprotein (HDL); LDL, low-density lipoprotein; Low-density lipoprotein (LDL); Young’s modulus