title: A systematic review and quality appraisal of international guidelines for early breast cancer systemic therapy: Are recommendations sensitive to different global resources?
abstract: The breast cancer incidence in low and middle income countries (LMCs) is increasing globally, and patient outcomes are generally worse in these nations compared to high income countries (HICs). This is partly due to resource constraints associated with implementing recommended breast cancer therapies. Clinical practice guideline (CPG) adherence can improve breast cancer outcomes, however, many CPGs are created in HICs, and include costly recommendations that may not be feasible in LMCs. In addition, the quality of CPGs can be variable. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of CPGs on early breast cancer systemic therapy with potential international impact, to evaluate their content, quality, and resource sensitivity. A MEDLINE and gray literature search was completed for English language CPGs published between 2005 and 2010, and then updated to July 2014. Extracted guidelines were evaluated using the AGREE 2 instrument. Guidelines were specifically analyzed for resource sensitivity. Most of the extracted CPGs had similar recommendations with regards to systemic therapy. However, only one, the Breast Health Global Initiative, made recommendations with consideration of different global resources. Overall, the CPGs were of variable quality, and most scored poorly in the quality domain evaluating implementation barriers such as resources. Published CPGs for early breast cancer are created in HICs, have similar recommendations, and are generally resource-insensitive. Given the visibility and influence of these CPGs on LMCs, efforts to create higher quality, resource-sensitive guidelines with less redundancy are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address: sonal.gandhi@sunnybrook.ca.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gandhi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: J-L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ethier
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.affiliation: Department of Graduate Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Burnett
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: S M H
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Alibhai
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy; D019049:Developed Countries / Q000191:economics; D003906:Developing Countries / Q000191:economics*; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000191:economics; D006295:Health Resources / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic
keywords: Early breast cancer; Guidelines; Low and middle income; Quality; Systemic therapy