title: Risk factors, treatment and impact on outcomes of bile leakage after hemihepatectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Risk factors for bile leakage after hemihepatectomy are unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospectively maintained database review identified patients undergoing hemihepatectomy between 1 January 2009 and 30 September 2014. Patients were divided into B/C and non-B/C bile leakage groups. Risk factors for bile leakage were predicted and assessments of their impact on patients were made.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bile leakage occurred in 91 of the 297 patients (30.6%); 64 cases were classified as grade B bile leakage (21.5%) and three cases as grade C bile leakage (1.0%). Multivariate analysis confirmed that elevated preoperative alanine transaminase (ALT), positive bile culture during surgery, hilar bile duct plasty, bilioenteric anastomosis and laparoscopic surgery were risk factors for B/C grade bile leakage (P < 0.05). Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) and endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) were protective factors for B/C grade bile leakage (P < 0.05). PTBD, ENBD and Kehr's T-tube drainage could reduce the drainage volume and duration of drainage after bile leakage (P < 0.05). The incidence of wound infection, abdominal infection, major complications and the Clavien classification system score in the B/C bile leakage group were higher than those in the non-B/C bile leakage group (P < 0.05). Patients in the B/C bile leakage group also required prolonged hospitalization (P < 0.05). The mortality of two groups was similar (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patient with elevated preoperative ALT, positive bile cultures during surgery, hilar bile duct plasty, bilioenteric anastomosis and laparoscopic surgery are more likely to complicate bile leakage. We should use biliary drainage such as preoperative PTBD, ENBD or intraoperative Kehr's T-tube drainage to reduce and treat bile leakage in patients with high risk of bile leakage.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Ningbo Li Huili Hospital, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
authors.forename: Si-Ming
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Ningbo Li Huili Hospital, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Ningbo Li Huili Hospital, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
authors.forename: Gen-Cong
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Ningbo Li Huili Hospital, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
authors.forename: Dan-Song
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Ningbo Li Huili Hospital, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
authors.forename: Dong-Jian
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Ningbo Li Huili Hospital, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Ningbo Li Huili Hospital, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
authors.forename: Cai-De
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Ningbo Li Huili Hospital, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D057868:Anastomotic Leak / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D001646:Bile; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: bile leakage; complication; hepatectomy