title: Effect of paravertebral nerve blocks on narcotic use after mastectomy with reconstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pain control outcomes using local anesthetic delivery systems vs usual narcotics at our institution revealed that use of local anesthetic delivery systems decreased narcotic use greater than 40% in patients with no reconstruction but had very little effect in patients receiving reconstruction. As part of our quality improvement program, the anesthesiology department trained and began offering paravertebral blocks (PVBs) to patients having reconstruction. We reviewed pain control outcomes to understand how the use of paravertebral nerve blocks affected narcotic use in reconstructed patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of prospectively collected data on patients undergoing mastectomy with or without reconstruction in the 6-month period after introduction of PVB analgesia. Patients received preoperative single-shot paravertebral nerve blocks at T2 to T3 and T5 to T6 with bupivacaine .5% and epinephrine 1:200,000 (7.5 mL per injection). Patients who had a bilateral mastectomy with reconstruction received bilateral paravertebral nerve blocks at the same locations. Narcotic doses were converted to morphine equivalents (MSEs) to allow comparison.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 102 patients with mastectomy during that period and 91 were evaluable. Fifty-one had no reconstruction with an average MSE use of 37.9. There were 40 with reconstruction, 33 had PVB with average MSE of 42.6, and 7 patients had reconstruction with no PVB with average MSE of 71.1. There were no major complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Institution of the PVB for patients undergoing mastectomy with reconstruction lowered average MSE use. We will continue to offer paravertebral blocks in this cohort of patients.
authors.affiliation: Legacy Good Samaritan Medical Center, Legacy Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97210, USA.
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Glissmeyer
authors.affiliation: Legacy Good Samaritan Medical Center, Legacy Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97210, USA.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Legacy Good Samaritan Medical Center, Legacy Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97210, USA.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sherman
authors.affiliation: Legacy Good Samaritan Medical Center, Legacy Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97210, USA.
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Glissmeyer
authors.affiliation: Legacy Good Samaritan Medical Center, Legacy Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97210, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garreau
authors.affiliation: Legacy Good Samaritan Medical Center, Legacy Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97210, USA. Electronic address: njohnson@lhs.org.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009294:Narcotics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009294:Narcotics
keywords: Mastectomy with reconstruction; Nerve block; Pain control; Paravertebral block