title: Breast tomosynthesis: Dosimetry and image quality assessment on phantom.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate using phantom study the average glandular dose (AGD) and image quality in breast tomosynthesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed with a full-field digital mammography system (Mammomat Inspiration(®), Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) combined with tomosynthesis equipment (3D). For AGD evaluation, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) plates and a dosimeter were used to directly measure the absorbed doses in 2D and in 3D. The doses were then compared to the doses displayed on the equipment using the Mann-Whitney test. Three phantoms, accredited for 2D digital mammography (MTM 100, ACR RMI 156, BR3D), were imaged three times in 2D then in 3D. For each acquisition, the AGD was recorded. For image quality assessment, scores, defined by the rate of visible inserts, obtained for each acquisition both in 2D and in 3D, and for each phantom, were compared (Kruskall-Wallis and post-hoc Dunn tests).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference between the measured and displayed AGD, both in 2D and in 3D imaging (P>0.05). With identical acquisition parameters, AGD were significantly greater in 3D than in 2D P<0.01). For phantoms MTM 100 and ACR RMI 156, there was no significant difference between the rate of visible inserts in 2D and in 3D (P=0.06 and P=0.36, respectively). However for phantom BR3D, the rate was significantly higher in 3D than in 2D (P<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Doses are significantly greater in 3D than in 2D. With tomosynthesis, out of the three phantoms tested, only phantom BR3D showed a higher rate of visible inserts.
authors.affiliation: AP-HP, Henri-Mondor-Albert-Chenevier Group, Department of Medical Imaging, 94010 Créteil, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Meyblum
authors.affiliation: AP-HP, Henri-Mondor-Albert-Chenevier Group, Department of Medical Imaging, 94010 Créteil, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gardavaud
authors.affiliation: AP-HP, Henri-Mondor-Albert-Chenevier Group, Department of Medical Imaging, 94010 Créteil, France.
authors.forename: T-H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Dao
authors.affiliation: AP-HP, Henri-Mondor-Albert-Chenevier Group, Department of Medical Imaging, 94010 Créteil, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fournier
authors.affiliation: AP-HP, Henri-Mondor-Albert-Chenevier Group, Department of Medical Imaging, 94010 Créteil, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Beaussart
authors.affiliation: AP-HP, Henri-Mondor-Albert-Chenevier Group, Department of Medical Imaging, 94010 Créteil, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pigneur
authors.affiliation: AP-HP, Henri-Mondor-Albert-Chenevier Group, Department of Medical Imaging, 94010 Créteil, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baranes
authors.affiliation: AP-HP, Henri-Mondor-Albert-Chenevier Group, Department of Medical Imaging, 94010 Créteil, France; University of Paris Est Créteil, Faculty of Medicine, 94010 Créteil, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rahmouni
authors.affiliation: AP-HP, Henri-Mondor-Albert-Chenevier Group, Department of Medical Imaging, 94010 Créteil, France; University of Paris Est Créteil, Faculty of Medicine, 94010 Créteil, France. Electronic address: alain.luciani@hmn.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luciani
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008327:Mammography / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011786:Quality Control; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D011874:Radiometry; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: Average glandular dose (AGD); Mammography; Phantom; Quality control; Tomosynthesis