title: Is the use of electronic cigarettes while smoking associated with smoking cessation attempts, cessation and reduced cigarette consumption? A survey with a 1-year follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To use a unique longitudinal data set to assess the association between e-cigarette use while smoking with smoking cessation attempts, cessation and substantial reduction, taking into account frequency of use and key potential confounders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Web-based survey, baseline November/December 2012, 1-year follow-up in December 2013.
  
  
  METHODS
  Great Britain.
  
  
  METHODS
  National general population sample of 4064 adult smokers, with 1759 (43%) followed-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Main outcome measures were cessation attempt, cessation and substantial reduction (≥50% from baseline to follow-up) of cigarettes per day (CPD). In logistic regression models, cessation attempt in the last year (analysis n = 1473) and smoking status (n = 1656) at follow-up were regressed on to baseline e-cigarette use (none, non-daily, daily) while adjusting for baseline socio-demographics, dependence and nicotine replacement (NRT) use. Substantial reduction (n = 1042) was regressed on to follow-up e-cigarette use while adjusting for baseline socio-demographics and dependence and follow-up NRT use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with non-use, daily e-cigarette use at baseline was associated with increased cessation attempts [odds ratio (OR) = 2.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.24-3.58, P = 0.006], but not with cessation at follow-up (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.28-1.37, P = 0.24). Non-daily use was not associated with cessation attempts or cessation. Daily e-cigarette use at follow-up was associated with increased odds of substantial reduction (OR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.14-5.45, P = 0.02), non-daily use was not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Daily use of e-cigarettes while smoking appears to be associated with subsequent increases in rates of attempting to stop smoking and reducing smoking, but not with smoking cessation. Non-daily use of e-cigarettes while smoking does not appear to be associated with cessation attempts, cessation or reduced smoking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Addictions, UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies (UKCTAS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Leonie S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Brose
authors.affiliation: Department of Addictions, UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies (UKCTAS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Sara C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hitchman
authors.affiliation: Health Behaviour Research Centre, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Health Behaviour Research Centre, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: West
authors.affiliation: Department of Addictions, UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies (UKCTAS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McNeill
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D066300:Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Electronic cigarettes; electronic nicotine delivery systems; harm reduction; quit attempts; smoking cessation; tobacco