title: Is serum total bilirubin useful to differentiate cardioembolic stroke from other stroke subtypes?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have reported that the total bilirubin (TB) level is associated with coronary artery disease, heart failure and atrial fibrillation. These heart diseases can produce cardiogenic cerebral embolism and cause cardioembolic stroke. However, whether the serum TB could be a biomarker to differentiate cardioembolic stroke from other stroke subtypes is unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our study consisted of 628 consecutive patients with ischaemic stroke. Various clinical and laboratory variables of the patients were analysed according to serum TB quartiles and stroke subtypes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The higher TB quartile group was associated with atrial fibrillation, larger left atrium diameter, lower left ventricular fractional shortening and cardioembolic stroke (P < 0.001, P = 0.001, P = 0.033, P < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, serum TB was a statistically significant independent predictor of cardioembolic stroke in a multivariable setting (Continuous, per unit increase OR = 1.091, 95%CI: 1.023-1.164, P = 0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum TB level was independently associated with cardioembolic stroke. The combination of clinical data and serum TB may be a feasible strategy to diagnose cardioembolic stroke in the acute phase.
authors.forename: Shao-Peng
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Pei-Yi
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Hui-Lin
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: You-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Xiao-Hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020766:Intracranial Embolism / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001663:Bilirubin
keywords: Aetiology,; Cardiovascular diseases; Ischaemic stroke,; Total bilirubin,