title: Willingness to participate and Pay for a proposed national health insurance in St. Vincent and the grenadines: a cross-sectional contingent valuation approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Numerous Caribbean countries are considering implementing National Health Insurance (NHI) and pooling resources to finance their health sectors. Based on this increased interest in health insurance, we investigated the willingness to participate and to pay for NHI in St. Vincent and the Grenadines, an upper-middle-income Caribbean country.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred heads of household in St. Vincent and the Grenadines were interviewed in August 2012 and September 2012. The samples were selected through simple random sampling, including the stratification of rural, semiurban, and urban communities to ensure the representativeness of the sample. A contingent valuation method with a pretested interviewer-led questionnaire was used. Respondents were presented with a hypothetical NHI plan. Chi-squared analysis was performed to identify factors that are associated with the willingness to participate. Multiple logistic regression was used to explore the factors that influence respondents' willingness to pay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 69.5% (n = 278) of the respondents indicated that they were willing to participate in the proposed NHI plan, of whom 72.3% were willing to pay for the first bid (EC$50). When the bid was reduced to EC$25, all of the remaining respondents who indicated they were willing to participate were willing to pay this lowered bid. Overall, the respondents were willing to pay EC$77.83 (US$28.83) per month for each person to enroll in the NHI plan. Age, income, and having some form of health insurance were significantly associated with a willingness to participate in the plan.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A higher socioeconomic status was the principal determinant factor for the willingness to participate. This is similar to studies on developing economies. The government can use these findings to guide the successful implementation of the proposed NHI program. People with a lower socioeconomic status must be engaged from the start of and throughout the development process to enhance their understanding of and participation in the plan.
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Health, Wellness and Environment, Ministerial Building, Halifax Street, Kingstown, St. Vincent and the Grenadines. adamsrosm@me.com.
authors.forename: Rosmond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, National Yang Ming University, 155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei, 112, Taiwan. yjchou@ym.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Yiing-Jenq
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, National Yang Ming University, 155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei, 112, Taiwan. cypu@ym.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Christy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003256:Community Participation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005382:Financing, Personal / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019436:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013383:Suburban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data