title: Acquired hemophagocytic syndrome related to parainfluenza virus infection: case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We present the case of a patient with acquired hemophagocytic syndrome secondary to parainfluenza virus infection, a complication that has not, to the best of our knowledge, been previously reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 33-year-old Chilean man with fever secondary to parainfluenza 2 virus infection developed progressive cholestasis, hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenia and an increased ferritin level (>2000 IU/L). A bone marrow analysis showed hemophagocytosis. Our patient received HLH-94 chemotherapy, and he achieved complete and sustained remission after a two-year follow-up, without the need for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hemophagocytic syndrome is a severe disease with high mortality. A high index of suspicion is essential to improve survival. A viral etiology is frequent and although Epstein-Barr virus is the most frequently associated, other viruses like parainfluenza can cause this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology and Oncology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Lira 85 4to Piso, Santiago, Chile. nbeffermann@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Beffermann
authors.affiliation: Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción de Chile, Concepción, Chile. jepilcante@uc.cl.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pilcante
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology and Oncology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Lira 85 4to Piso, Santiago, Chile. mauriciosarmiento@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sarmiento
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology; D005334:Fever / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D051359:Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D010198:Pancytopenia; D018184:Paramyxoviridae Infections / Q000150:complications*