title: Validation of PIN 3 physical activity survey in low-income overweight and obese young mothers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Existing physical activity surveys have not been validated for use with low-income overweight and obese young mothers. This study aimed to validate the Pregnancy Infection and Nutrition 3 (PIN3) physical activity survey and to explore whether its validity varied by race/ethnicity and body mass index (BMI) category when including or excluding child and adult care activities in the target population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were recruited from the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) and were asked to fill out the PIN3 survey and wear an Actigraph accelerometer. Validity was assessed (N = 42) using Spearman correlation coefficient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regardless of inclusion or exclusion of child and adult care activity, the PIN3 survey showed evidence of validity for moderate (correlation coefficients 0.33 [p = 0.03]; 0.40 [p = 0.08]) but not vigorous (-0.01 [p = 0.91]; -0.06 [p = 0.69]) physical activity. The mean minutes per week spent in moderate, vigorous and moderate-vigorous physical activity measured by the PIN3 were substantially higher than when measured by accelerometer, for example, 588 (PIN3) versus 148 (accelerometer) minutes per week. Also, correlations between self-reported and objective monitored activity varied substantially by race/ethnicity and BMI category, for example, 0.29 (p = 0.18) for overweight women versus 0.57 (p = 0.007) for obese women; 0.27 (p = 0.20) for African American versus 0.66 (p = 0.001) for white.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PIN3 survey may be adequate for many applications where quick and practical assessments are needed for moderate physical activity data in low-income overweight and obese young mothers. The substantial differences in mean minutes per week between the PIN3 and accelerometer may be due to over-reported physical activity by the study participants.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Clinical Trials Number: NCT01839708.
authors.affiliation: Michigan State University, College of Nursing, 1355 Bogue Street, RM C346, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA. changme@msu.edu.
authors.forename: Mei-Wei
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, School of Public Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. derekh@email.unc.edu.
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hales
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Nursing, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, USA. rlbrown3@wisc.edu.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, School of Public Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. dsward@email.unc.edu.
authors.forename: Dianne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan, School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48104, USA. kresnic@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Resnicow
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA. nitzke@nutrisci.wisc.edu.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nitzke
mesh_terms: D061725:Accelerometry; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009035:Mothers; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011203:Poverty; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057566:Self Report; D055815:Young Adult