title: Comparison of Physical-chemical and Mechanical Properties of Chlorapatite and Hydroxyapatite Plasma Sprayed Coatings.
abstract: Chlorapatite can be considered a potential biomaterial for orthopaedic applications. Its use as plasma-sprayed coating could be of interest considering its thermal properties and particularly its ability to melt without decomposition unlike hydroxyapatite. Chlorapatite (ClA) was synthesized by a high-temperature ion exchange reaction starting from commercial stoichiometric hydroxyapatites (HA). The ClA powder showed similar characteristics as the original industrial HA powder, and was obtained in the monoclinic form. The HA and ClA powders were plasma-sprayed using a low-energy plasma spraying system with identical processing parameters. The coatings were characterized by physical-chemical methods, i.e. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy, including distribution mapping of the main phases detected such as amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), oxyapatite (OA), and HA or ClA. The unexpected formation of oxyapatite in ClA coatings was assigned to a side reaction with contaminating oxygenated species (O2, H2O). ClA coatings exhibited characteristics different from HA, showing a lower content of oxyapatite and amorphous phase. Although their adhesion strength was found to be lower than that of HA coatings, their application could be an interesting alternative, offering, in particular, a larger range of spraying conditions without formation of massive impurities.
authors.affiliation: Université de Toulouse, CIRIMAT, INPT-CNRS-UPS, ENSIACET, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Imane
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Demnati
authors.affiliation: Université de Toulouse, CIRIMAT, INPT-CNRS-UPS, ENSIACET, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grossin
authors.affiliation: Université de Toulouse, CIRIMAT, INPT-CNRS-UPS, ENSIACET, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Marsan
authors.affiliation: Université de Toulouse, CIRIMAT, INPT-CNRS-UPS, ENSIACET, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Ghislaine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bertrand
authors.affiliation: PS: Projection Plasma System, Montbazens, France.
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Collonges
authors.affiliation: Université de Toulouse, CIRIMAT, INPT-CNRS-UPS, ENSIACET, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Christèle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Combes
authors.affiliation: Tecnalia, Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parco
authors.affiliation: Tecnalia, Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
authors.forename: Inigo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Braceras
authors.affiliation: Université de Toulouse, INPT-ENIT, Laboratoire Génie de Production, Tarbes, France.
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alexis
authors.affiliation: Université de Toulouse, INPT-ENIT, Laboratoire Génie de Production, Tarbes, France.
authors.forename: Yannick
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Balcaen
authors.affiliation: Université de Toulouse, CIRIMAT, INPT-CNRS-UPS, ENSIACET, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rey
keywords: Chlorapatite; FTIR; Raman; XRD; hydroxyapatite; low energy plasma spraying; mechanical testing