title: Lens-induced glaucoma in a tertiary centre in northeast of Malaysia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the clinical presentations, management and outcome of lens-induced glaucoma (LIG) in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was done among the existing patients of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia from January 2003 to December 2008. Patients with LIG were included and exclusion criteria were applicable for those who had glaucoma or other underlying causes of glaucoma. Demographic data, clinical presentations, management and outcome were recorded and analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-eight patients (38 eyes) with LIG were included. The mean age was 70.2 years and predominantly women (22, 57.9%) were affected. Phacomorphic glaucoma (28, 73.7%) was the main cause of LIG, followed by phacolytic glaucoma (8, 21.1%). The main clinical symptoms were reduced vision (94.7%), eye pain (84.2%) and eye redness (81.6%). Most patients (32 eyes) were presented with visual acuity of hand movements (84.2%, or worse) and intraocular pressure more than 40 mm Hg (21, 55.3%). Nineteen patients (50.0%) underwent extra capsular cataract extraction with primary posterior chamber lens implantation. In 28 cases (73.7%), patients were able to stay free from pressure-lowering drugs after the operation. Intraocular pressure (IOP) reduced tremendously upon discharge with a mean of 15.2 mm Hg and vision had improved exceptionally (more than 6/36) as noted in 17 cases (44.7%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Triad of acute reduced vision, eye pain and redness are the main clinical presentations of LIG. The main cause of LIG is phacomorphic glaucoma stemming from untreated senile cataract. Public awareness and early detection by primary physician is important for an early intervention of cataract. Early intervention aids in visual recovery and IOP control of LIG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yaakub
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Siti Raihan
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Ahmad Tajudin
keywords: Lens-induced glaucoma; Malaysia; cataract; phacolytic glaucoma; phacomorphic glaucoma