title: Novel and imminently emerging treatments in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To summarize mechanisms of action, efficacy, and safety of novel and imminently emerging disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) intended to be used in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Novel and imminently emerging DMTs for the treatment of RRMS include alemtuzumab, daclizumab, ocrelizumab, pegylated interferon-β-1a, and three times weekly glatiramer acetate. These DMTs have substantially different mechanisms of action, efficacy, and safety and tolerability profiles, which are summarized concisely in this article.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The treatment landscape of RRMS is evolving rapidly as the available treatment options have doubled in recent years, and a number of novel DMTs will likely become available in the near future. Choosing the optimal DMT for patients is becoming an increasingly complex process, and the care of patients with MS will likely require regular input from neurologists subspecializing in the care of patients with MS. As the use of novel DMTs with unknown long-term safety profiles increases, postmarketing surveillance and vigilance with regards to safety monitoring will be essential to confirm the safety and clinical efficacy of these DMTs for patients with RRMS.
authors.affiliation: St. Michael's Hospital, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Jiwon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: O'Connor
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors