title: Detection of Helicobacter pylori DNA in Some Egyptian Water Systems and Its Incidence of Transmission to Individuals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The current study aimed to detect the presence of Helicobacter pylori in some water systems in Egypt as well as in blood samples of patients suffering from stomach ulcers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-one water samples collected from some Egyptian governorates; Giza, Alexandria, Monofia, Beheira, Minya, Sohag, was subjected to physical and chemical analysis. Urease gene ureC, a highly specific sequence in H. pylori DNA was tracked in tested water samples and then in blood samples of patients' resident in areas with infected water supply using PCR technique. Data were all fed to the computer using IBM SPSS software package version 20.0. Qualitative data were described using number and percent. Comparison between different groups regarding categorical variables was tested using Chi-square test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two samples, belonging to Abu El Matamir-Beheira, and Sidi Bishr-Alexandria, showed positive results for presence of H. pylori. These two samples gave a positive result for the second time, on applying PCR technique for the cultures isolated under microaeroplilic conditions. Blood samples (173) were withdrawn from individuals living in the two areas with infected water supply. As diagnosed by ELISA, positive tests for H. pylori were recorded in 33.3% and 33.8% of patients suffering from ulcers in Abu El Matamir-Beheira, and Sidi Bishr-Alexandria, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In developing countries such as Egypt, there is a big possibility for H. pylori to be transmitted via drinking water, hence, causing an epidemic infection, particularly in dense populated areas.
authors.affiliation: Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ebaa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: El-Sharouny
authors.affiliation: Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hossam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: El-Shazli
authors.affiliation: Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Zakia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Olama
keywords: ELISA; Egypt; Helicobacter pylori; Urease gene ureC; Water systems