title: Incident reviews in UK maternity units: a systematic appraisal of the quality of local guidelines.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Maternity care is recognised as a particularly high-risk speciality that is subject to investigation and inquiry, and improvements in risk management have been recommended. However, the quality of guidelines for local reviews of maternity incidents is unknown. The aim of the study is to appraise the quality of local guidance on conducting reviews of severe maternity incidents in the National Health Service.
  
  
  METHODS
  Guidelines for incident reviews were requested from all 211 consultant-led maternity units in the UK during 2012. The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation Instrument (AGREE II) was used to evaluate the quality of guidelines. The methods used for reviewing an incident, the people involved in the review and the methods for disseminating the outcomes of the reviews were also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Guidelines covering 148 (70%) of all NHS maternity units in the UK were received for evaluation. Most guidelines (55%) received were of good or high quality. The median score on 'scope and purpose' (86%), concerned with the aims and target population of the guideline, was higher than for other domains. Median scores were: 'stakeholder involvement' (representation of users' views) 56%, 'rigour of development' (process used to develop guideline) 34%, 'clarity of presentation' 78%, 'applicability' (organisational and cost implications of applying guideline) 56% and 'editorial independence' 0%. Most guidelines (81%) recommended a range of health professionals review serious maternity incidents using root cause analysis. Findings were most often disseminated at meetings, in reports and in newsletters. Many guidelines (69%) stated lessons learnt from incidents would be audited.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, local guidance for the review of maternity incidents was mostly of good or high quality. Stakeholder participation in guideline development could be widened, and editorial independence more clearly stated. It was unclear in over a quarter of guidelines whether changes in practice in response to review recommendations were audited or monitored; such auditing should be mandatory. Further research is required to examine the translation of guidance into practice by evaluating the quality of local reviews of maternity incidents.
authors.affiliation: National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, OX3 7LF, Oxford, UK. Anjali.shah@npeu.ox.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Anjali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, OX3 7LF, Oxford, UK. Olaa.mohamed-ahmed@npeu.ox.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Olaa
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mohamed-Ahmed
authors.affiliation: National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, OX3 7LF, Oxford, UK. Philippe.peirsegaele@npeu.ox.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peirsegaele
authors.affiliation: National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, OX3 7LF, Oxford, UK. Charlotte.mcclymont@npeu.ox.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McClymont
authors.affiliation: National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, OX3 7LF, Oxford, UK. Marian.knight@npeu.ox.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knight
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008427:Maternal Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D012308:Risk Management / Q000379:methods* / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006113:United Kingdom