title: Red blood cell transfusion decision making in critically ill children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To discuss the tradeoff between permissive anemia and administering red blood cell transfusion to children in pediatric ICUs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postsurgical mortality in adults increases abruptly if their nadir hemoglobin level falls below 5 g/dl. Patients with sepsis, even those in septic shock, and patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding do not require red blood cell (RBC) transfusion if their hemoglobin level is above 7 g/dl.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anemia is common in critically ill children and is well tolerated most of the time. RBC transfusion is required in cases of hemorrhagic shock and in children with a hemoglobin level below 5 g/dl. Children with sepsis, including septic shock, those with a severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding and all stable critically ill children, including noncyanotic cardiac children older than 28 days, do not require an RBC transfusion if their hemoglobin level is above 7 g/dl. Transfusion threshold in children with univentricular physiology and in critically ill children with a hemoglobin level between 5 and 7 g/dl remains to be determined.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lacroix
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tucci
authors.forename: Geneviève
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Du Pont-Thibodeau
mesh_terms: D000740:Anemia / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000628:therapy*; D003490:Cyanosis / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D003657:Decision Making; D017707:Erythrocyte Transfusion / Q000379:methods; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D007902:Length of Stay; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins