title: Minimally invasive pedicle screw fixation combined with percutaneous vertebroplasty for preventing secondary fracture after vertebroplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) could give rise to excellent outcomes and significant improvements in pain, analgesic requirements, function, cost, and incidence of serious complications for thoracolumbar osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (VCFs). But some studies showed the recurrent fracture of a previously operated vertebra or adjacent vertebral fracture after PVP or PKP. The purpose of this study was to compare minimally invasive pedicle screw fixation (MIPS) and PVP with PVP to evaluate its feasibility and safety for treating acute thoracolumbar osteoporotic VCF and preventing the secondary VCF after PVP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-eight patients with a mean age of 74.5 years (ranging 65 ~ 87 years), who sustained thoracic or lumbar fresh osteoporotic VCFs without neurologic deficits underwent the procedure of PVP (group 1, n = 37) or MIPS combined with PVP (group 2, n = 31). Visual analog scale pain scores (VAS) were recorded and Cobb angles, central and anterior vertebral body height were measured on the lateral radiographs before surgery and immediately, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients were followed for an average of 27 months (ranging 24-32 months). The VAS significantly decreased after surgery in both groups (P < 0.005). The central and anterior vertebral body height significantly increased (P < 0.005), and the Cobb angle significantly decreased (P < 0.05) immediately after surgery in both groups. No significant changes in both the Cobb angle correction and the vertebral body height gains obtained were observed at the end of the follow-up period in group 2. But the Cobb angle significantly increased (P < 0.005), and the central and anterior vertebral body height significantly decreased (P < 0.005) 2 years after surgery compared with those immediately after surgery in group 1, and there were five patients with new fracture of operated vertebrae and nine cases with fracture of adjacent vertebrae.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MIPS combined with PVP is a good choice for the treatment of acute thoracolumbar osteoporotic VCF, which can prevent secondary VCF after PVP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. 447574313@qq.com.
authors.forename: Yu-Tong
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Electric Power Hospital, Shanghai, 200050, China. 2273451270@qq.com.
authors.forename: Dong-Hui
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. nicholasr@163.com.|Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China. nicholasr@163.com.
authors.forename: Hai-Fei
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. fzhang@umc.edu.|Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA. fzhang@umc.edu.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA. rmcguire@umc.edu.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McGuire
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods*; D050815:Fractures, Compression / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000293:injuries; D008297:Male; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000601:surgery*; D065289:Pedicle Screws; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000601:surgery*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000293:injuries; D054854:Vertebroplasty / Q000379:methods*