title: Gender-related lipid and/or lipoprotein responses to statins in subjects in primary and secondary prevention.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiovascular risk in men rises around the fourth decade of life, whereas women appear to be protected by sex hormones until menopause. This, in turn, tends to negatively affect the lipid profile. Since the 1980s, the incidence of cardiovascular diseases has been reported to progressively decline in men, but it has persisted almost unchanged in women. Major clinical trials on statins have been mostly conducted in men and have fostered the introduction of these agents into clinical practice worldwide. However, only few reports have examined a possible differential activity of statins in the 2 genders, providing in some cases opposite findings.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate gender-related differences in statin responses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Variations of lipid profile after 1-year of treatment with different statins in 337 dyslipidemic patients (171 men and 166 women).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this series of patients, a significantly attenuated reduction of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in women vs men on drug treatment was noted after adjustment for dose and statin power (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: -28.5 ± 11.8% in men vs -22.7 ± 11.8% in women; P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study indicates that statin treatment has a reduced effectiveness in improving the plasma lipid profile in dyslipidemic women vs men. Whether such gender-related differences may have an impact on clinical outcomes remains to be elucidated.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, A.O. Ospedale Niguarda Cà Granda, Milano, Italy. Electronic address: giuliana.mombelli@ospedaleniguarda.it.
authors.forename: Giuliana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mombelli
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, A.O. Ospedale Niguarda Cà Granda, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bosisio
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Calabresi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Magni
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, A.O. Ospedale Niguarda Cà Granda, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pavanello
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pazzucconi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, A.O. Ospedale Niguarda Cà Granda, Milano, Italy; Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Cesare R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Sirtori
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011322:Primary Prevention; D012307:Risk Factors; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D008055:Lipids
keywords: Gender; HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors; Ischemic heart disease; Lipid disorders/atherosclerosis; Risk factors