title: Stem cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in a preclinical model of cerebral ischemia: a systematic review with meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although there is an increase in clinical trials assessing the efficacy of cell therapy in structural and functional regeneration after stroke, there are not enough data in the literature describing the best cell type to be used, the best route, and also the best nanoparticle to analyze these stem cells in vivo. This review analyzed published data on superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION)-labeled stem cells used for ischemic stroke therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of data from experiments testing the efficacy of cellular treatment with SPION versus no treatment to improve behavioral or modified neural scale outcomes in animal models of stroke by the Cochrane Collaboration and indexed in EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science since 2000. To test the impact of study quality and design characteristics, we used random-effects meta-regression. In addition, trim and fill were used to assess publication bias.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The search retrieved 258 articles. After application of the inclusion criteria, 24 reports published between January 2000 and October 2014 were selected. These 24 articles were analyzed for nanoparticle characteristics, stem cell types, and efficacy in animal models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study highlights the therapeutic role of stem cells in stroke and emphasizes nanotechnology as an important tool for monitoring stem cell migration to the affected neurological locus.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627/701, Morumbi, CEP: 05651-901, São Paulo, Brazil. leopoldo.silva@einstein.br.|Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Sena Madureira, 1500 - Vila Clementino, 04021-001, São Paulo-SP, Brazil. leopoldo.silva@einstein.br.
authors.forename: Leopoldo P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Nucci
authors.affiliation: Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627/701, Morumbi, CEP: 05651-901, São Paulo, Brazil. helio.rsilva@einstein.br.|Santa Casa Misericórdia de São Paulo, Dr. Cesario Motta Junior, 61 - Vila Buarque, 01221-020, São Paulo-SP, Brazil. helio.rsilva@einstein.br.
authors.forename: Helio R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1010 - Cidade Universitária, 05508-090, São Paulo-SP, Brazil. vivig@ime.usp.br.
authors.forename: Viviana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Giampaoli
authors.affiliation: Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627/701, Morumbi, CEP: 05651-901, São Paulo, Brazil. javierbm@einstein.br.
authors.forename: Javier B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Mamani
authors.affiliation: LIM44, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr Éneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255 - Cerqueira César, 05403-000, São Paulo-SP, Brazil. marinucci@usp.br.
authors.forename: Mariana P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Nucci
authors.affiliation: Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627/701, Morumbi, CEP: 05651-901, São Paulo, Brazil. lgamarra@einstein.br.|Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Sena Madureira, 1500 - Vila Clementino, 04021-001, São Paulo-SP, Brazil. lgamarra@einstein.br.|Santa Casa Misericórdia de São Paulo, Dr. Cesario Motta Junior, 61 - Vila Buarque, 01221-020, São Paulo-SP, Brazil. lgamarra@einstein.br.
authors.forename: Lionel F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Gamarra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000628:therapy*; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; C000499:ferric oxide