title: Outcome of Immediate Breast Reconstruction in Patients With Nonendocrine-Responsive Breast Cancer: A Monoinstitutional Case-Control Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The long-term prognostic relevance of immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) for patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer (BC) has not been fully elucidated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population included 444 patients with ER-negative BC who underwent total mastectomy with complete axillary dissection between 1995 and 2006, 339 patients with and 105 patients without IBR. The median follow-up was 8.6 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients treated with IBR were younger (P < .001) and received surgery more recently (2003-2006: 53.1% vs. 39%; P = .0003), and had a lower number of metastatic lymph nodes (>4 lymph nodes involvement: 29.5% vs. 45.7%; P = .0026), smaller tumors (pT1/2: 15% vs. 26.7%; P = .0007), and lower extent of peritumoral vascular invasion (15.9% vs. 21%; P = .032). The 5-year cumulative incidence of locoregional recurrence was 7.1% in the IBR group and 11.7% in the no IBR group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.81; P = .63). The 5-year cumulative incidence of distant metastases were similar in the 2 groups (P = .79). The 5-year overall and disease-free survival proportions were 79.9% versus 69.5% (HR, 1.11; P = .67) and 66.6% versus 54.1% (HR, 1.04; P = .83) in the IBR group and no IBR group, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IBR intervention does not significantly affect prognosis of ER-negative BC patients.
authors.affiliation: European Institute of Oncology, Medical Oncology, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: gaetano.aurilio@ieo.it.
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aurilio
authors.affiliation: European Institute of Oncology, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Milan, Italy; Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bagnardi
authors.affiliation: European Institute of Oncology, Medical Oncology, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nolè
authors.affiliation: European Institute of Oncology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Milan, Italy; University of Milan, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pruneri
authors.affiliation: European Institute of Oncology, Medical Oncology, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Rossella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Graffeo
authors.affiliation: European Institute of Oncology, Division of Plastic Reconstruction Surgery, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Jean Yves
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Petit
authors.affiliation: European Institute of Oncology, Medical Oncology, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cullurà
authors.affiliation: European Institute of Oncology, Division of Plastic Reconstruction Surgery, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martella
authors.affiliation: European Institute of Oncology, Medical Oncology, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Marzia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Locatelli
authors.affiliation: European Institute of Oncology, Division of Plastic Reconstruction Surgery, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iera
authors.affiliation: European Institute of Oncology, Division of Plastic Reconstruction Surgery, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Piercarlo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rey
authors.affiliation: European Institute of Oncology, Medical Oncology, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Curigliano
authors.affiliation: European Institute of Oncology, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rotmensz
authors.affiliation: European Institute of Oncology, Medical Oncology, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Munzone
authors.affiliation: European Institute of Oncology, Medical Oncology, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Aron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goldhirsch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D015626:Tissue Expansion; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal
keywords: Case-Control Study; Immediate Breast Reconstruction; Invasive breast cancer; Nonendocrine responsive patients; Outcome