title: Assessing the dose values received by patients during conventional radiography X-ray examinations and the technical condition of the equipment used for this purpose.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  X-ray examination is associated with patient exposure to ionizing radiation. Dose values depend on the type of medical procedure used, the X-ray unit technical condition and exposure conditions selected. The aim of this study was to determine the dose value received by patients during certain conventional radiography X-ray examinations and to assess the technical condition of medical equipment used for this purpose.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study covered the total number of 118 conventional diagnostic X-ray units located in the Masovian Voivodeship. The methodology used to assess the conventional diagnostic X-ray unit technical condition and the measurement of the radiation dose rate received by patients are based on test procedures developed by the Department of Radiation Protection and Radiobiology of the National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene (Warszawa, Poland) accredited for compliance with PN-EN 17025 standard by the Polish Centre for Accreditation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was found that 84.7% of X-ray units fully meet the criteria set out in the Polish legislation regarding the safe use of ionizing radiation in medicine, while 15.3% of the units do not meet some of them. The broadest dose value range was recorded for adult patients. Particularly, during lateral (LATl) lumbar spine radiography the recorded entrance surface dose (ESD) values ranged from 283.5 to 7827 µGy (mean: 2183.3 µGy).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is absolutely necessary to constantly monitor the technical condition of all X-ray units, because it affects population exposure to ionizing radiation. Furthermore, it is essential to raise radiographers' awareness of the effects that ionizing radiation exposure can have on the human body.
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bekas
authors.forename: Krzysztof A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Pachocki
authors.forename: Elżbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Waśniewska
authors.forename: Dagmara
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bogucka
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Magiera
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004869:Equipment Safety / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D061214:Patient Safety / Q000592:standards*; D011044:Poland; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000592:standards*; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000592:standards*; D018788:Radioactive Hazard Release / Q000517:prevention & control; D011859:Radiography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000592:standards*; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000009:adverse effects; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D011868:Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals