title: Choline Alleviates Parenteral Nutrition-Associated Duodenal Motility Disorder in Infant Rats.
abstract: Parenteral nutrition (PN) has been found to influence duodenal motility in animals. Choline is an essential nutrient, and its deficiency is related to PN-associated organ diseases. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the role of choline supplementation in an infant rat model of PN-associated duodenal motility disorder.
  
  
  
  Three-week-old Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed chow and water (controls), PN solution (PN), or PN plus intravenous choline (600 mg/kg) (PN + choline). Rats underwent jugular vein cannulation for infusion of PN solution or 0.9% saline (controls) for 7 days. Duodenal oxidative stress status, concentrations of plasma choline, phosphocholine, and betaine and serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were assayed. The messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of c-Kit proto-oncogene protein (c-Kit) and membrane-bound stem cell factor (mSCF) together with the electrophysiological features of slow waves in the duodenum were also evaluated.
  
  
  
  Rats on PN showed increased reactive oxygen species; decreased total antioxidant capacity in the duodenum; reduced plasma choline, phosphocholine, and betaine; and enhanced serum TNF-α concentrations, which were reversed by choline intervention. In addition, PN reduced mRNA and protein expression of mSCF and c-Kit, which were inversed under choline administration. Moreover, choline attenuated depolarized resting membrane potential and declined the frequency and amplitude of slow waves in duodenal smooth muscles of infant rats induced by PN, respectively.
  
  
  
  The addition of choline to PN may alleviate the progression of duodenal motor disorder through protecting smooth muscle cells from injury, promoting mSCF/c-Kit signaling, and attenuating impairment of interstitial cells of Cajal in the duodenum during PN feeding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Department of Nutrition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yonggao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Qingya
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Department of Nutrition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China haiyanhuang28@163.com.
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001622:Betaine / Q000097:blood; D002794:Choline / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004386:Duodenum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition; D010767:Phosphorylcholine / Q000097:blood; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D010767:Phosphorylcholine; D001622:Betaine; D002794:Choline
keywords: c-Kit; choline; interstitial cells of Cajal; parenteral nutrition; stem cell factor