title: Daidzein pretreatment improves survival in mouse model of sepsis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of seven days daidzein pretreatment in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed the survival benefit of daidzein and its effect on lung injury in CLP-induced sepsis in mice and determined the bacterial load in peritoneal fluid, blood, and lung homogenates. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and corticosterone levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; relative mRNA expression was estimated by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and standard biochemical techniques were used to measure nitrite level, myeloperoxidase activity, and vascular permeability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Daidzein pretreatment for seven days at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight subcutaneously increased the survival time of septic mice. Daidzein decreased the bacterial load in peritoneal fluid, blood, and lungs, reduced the tumor necrosis factor α and nitrite level in plasma, and partially suppressed lung injury by reducing vascular permeability and myeloperoxidase activity in septic mice. Further, it restored the relative mRNA expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase, glucocorticoid receptor α, and glucocorticoid receptor β genes in septic lungs were restored by daidzein pretreatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Daidzein pretreatment for 7 d in sepsis increased the survival time in mice, which may be relate to decrease in bacterial load, anti-inflammatory effect, and protection from lung injury.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India. Electronic address: subhaparida1210@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Subhashree
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parida
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India.
authors.forename: Thakur U
authors.initials: TU
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India.
authors.forename: Ramasamy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thangamalai
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India.
authors.forename: Ch E
authors.initials: ChE
authors.lastname: Narasimha Reddy
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India.
authors.forename: Manjit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Panigrahi
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India.
authors.forename: Kannan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kandasamy
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India.
authors.forename: Vishakha
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India.
authors.forename: Santosh K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Mishra
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000818:Animals; D058491:Bacterial Load; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002432:Cecum / Q000601:surgery; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000378:metabolism; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D048789:Phytoestrogens / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018805:Sepsis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007529:Isoflavones; D009573:Nitrites; D048789:Phytoestrogens; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C004742:daidzein; D009195:Peroxidase; D003345:Corticosterone
keywords: Acute lung injury; Bacterial load; CLP; Daidzein; Glucocorticoid receptor; Sepsis