title: Reliability of video-based quantification of the knee- and hip angle at foot strike during running.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In clinical practice, joint kinematics during running are primarily quantified by two-dimensional (2D) video recordings and motion-analysis software. The applicability of this approach depends on the clinicians' ability to quantify kinematics in a reliable manner. The reliability of quantifying knee- and hip angles at foot strike is uninvestigated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the intra- and inter-rater reliability within and between days of clinicians' ability to quantify the knee- and hip angles at foot strike during running.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen recreational runners were recorded twice using a clinical 2D video setup during treadmill running. Two blinded raters quantified joint angles on each video twice with freeware motion analysis software (Kinovea 0.8.15).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The range from the lower prediction limit to the upper prediction limit of the 95% prediction interval varied three to eight degrees (within day) and nine to 14 degrees (between day) for the knee angles. Similarly, the hip angles varied three to seven degrees (within day) and nine to 11 degrees (between day).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intra- and inter rater reliability of within and between day quantifications of the knee- and hip angle based on a clinical 2D video setup is sufficient to encourage clinicians to keep using 2D motion analysis techniques in clinical practice to quantify the knee- and hip angles in healthy runners. However, the interpretation should include critical evaluation of the physical set-up of the 2D motion analysis system prior to the recordings and conclusions should take measurement variations (3-8 degrees and 9-14 degrees for within and between day, respectively) into account.
  
  
  METHODS
  3.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
authors.forename: Camma
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Damsted
authors.affiliation: Section of Sport Science, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, Aarhus University, Denmark.
authors.forename: Rasmus Oestergaard
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.affiliation: University College of Northern Denmark, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lars Henrik
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Larsen
keywords: kinematics; knee‐ and hip angles; motion‐analysis software; reliability; running