title: Psychometric properties of three measures of protective factors for depression and suicidal behaviour among adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the reliability of French versions of the Adolescent Coping Scale (ACS), the Reasons for Living Inventory for Adolescents (RFL-A), and the Spirituality Scale (SS); to examine the construct validity of these psychometric instruments; and to determine their convergent validity with French versions of the Life Events Questionnaire for Adolescents (LEQ-A), the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II), and the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) among French-Canadian adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 429 adolescents from high schools (n = 283) and the Mood Disorder Clinic (n = 146) in Montreal. The instruments were translated into French following the back-translation method. The internal consistency was assessed through Cronbach alpha coefficients. Exploratory analyses were conducted to document the content of their dimensions. Convergent validity was examined by correlating the ACS, the RFL-A, and the SS with the French versions of the LEQ-A, the BDI-II, and the BHS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings confirm that the ACS, RFL-A, and SS are psychometric instruments well suited to assess protective factors for depression and suicidal behaviour among French-speaking adolescents in community and clinical settings. However, results must be interpreted with some circumspection as 2 SS subscales obtained reliability coefficients in the moderate range only and the instructions for the RFL-A were reframed in response to ethical considerations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results add to those already available on the original English versions of the ACS, RFL-A, and SS and advance the knowledge of the psychometric properties of protective measures.
authors.affiliation: Psychologist and Researcher, Clinique des troubles de l'humeur and Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Hôpital Rivière-des-Prairies, Montréal, Québec; Full Professor, Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec; Associate Professor, Département de psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec.
authors.forename: Réal
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Labelle
authors.affiliation: Psychiatrist and Researcher, Clinique des troubles de l'humeur and Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Hôpital Rivière-des-Prairies, Montréal, Québec; Associate Professor, Département de psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec.
authors.forename: Jean-Jacques
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Breton
authors.affiliation: Statistician, Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Hôpital Rivière-des-Prairies, Montréal, Québec.
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Berthiaume
authors.affiliation: Full Professor, Département d'études en loisir, culture et tourisme, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec.
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Royer
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Nurse, Clinique des troubles de l'humeur, Hôpital Rivière-des-Prairies, Montréal, Québec.
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raymond
authors.affiliation: Psychologist, Clinique des troubles de l'humeur, Hôpital Rivière-des-Prairies, Montréal, Québec.
authors.forename: Marilou
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cournoyer
authors.affiliation: Psychologist, Clinique des troubles de l'humeur, Hôpital Rivière-des-Prairies, Montréal, Québec.
authors.forename: Bogdan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Balan
authors.affiliation: Psychologist, Clinique des troubles de l'humeur, Hôpital Rivière-des-Prairies, Montréal, Québec.
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zaloum
authors.affiliation: Doctoral Candidate, Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec.
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bibaud
authors.affiliation: Doctoral Candidate, Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec.
authors.forename: Geoffrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gauvin
authors.affiliation: Researcher, Clinique des troubles de l'humeur, Hôpital Rivière-des-Prairies, Montréal, Québec.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Janelle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D065840:Protective Factors; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000592:standards*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000523:psychology*