title: The present situation and towards the prevention and control of neurocysticercosis on the tropical island, Bali, Indonesia.
abstract: Neurocysticercosis (NCC), which is caused by accidental ingestion of eggs of the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium, was common in Bali, Indonesia until the early 1990s. However, improved education on hygiene and sanitation, a move to keeping pigs indoors, and improvement of economic and living conditions have substantially reduced the occurrence of NCC in Bali. Since 2011, T. solium tapeworm carriers (T. solium taeniasis) and heavily infected pigs and dogs have exclusively been detected from villages in mountainous regions of northeastern Bali where NCC and ocular cysticercosis (OCC) cases have also been identified. In response to this continued area of high infection, a one-day workshop was convened to discuss how to prevent and control this potentially lethal zoonotic parasitic infection in Bali. This review presents an overview of the current status of T. solium taeniasis and cysticercosis in Indonesia and proposes a strategy for the prevention and control of this zoonosis in Bali.
authors.affiliation: Sari Mutiara Indonesia University, Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia. tony_wdr2009@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Toni
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wandra
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Udayana, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. dekswas@yahoo.com.|Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan. dekswas@yahoo.com.|Section of Wildlife Diversity, Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan. dekswas@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Kadek
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Swastika
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Udayana, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. nsdharmawan@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Nyoman S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Dharmawan
authors.affiliation: Sari Mutiara Indonesia University, Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia. ivan_poerba@yahoo.co.id.
authors.forename: Ivan Elisabeth
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Purba
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Udayana, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. kiosud@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: I Made
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Sudarmaja
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Science, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan. tyoshida@asahikawa-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan. yasusako@asahikawa-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yasuhito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sako
authors.affiliation: Section of Wildlife Diversity, Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan. okamoto.munehiro.6w@kyoto-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Munehiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Udayana, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. tu_eka07@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ni Luh Putu
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Eka Diarthini
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Udayana, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. srilaksmidps@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Dewa Ayu Agus
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Sri Laksemi
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan. yanagi-t@yamaguchi-u.ac.jp.|Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Japan. yanagi-t@yamaguchi-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yanagida
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan. nakao@asahikawa-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan. akiraito@asahikawa-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000662:veterinary; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D020019:Neurocysticercosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013621:Taenia / Q000145:classification