title: Correction: Hydroxyethyl Starch (HES 130/0.4) Impairs Intestinal Barrier Integrity and Metabolic Function: Findings from a Mouse Model of the Isolated Perfused Small Intestine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The application of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) for volume resuscitation is controversially discussed and clinical studies have suggested adverse effects of HES substitution, leading to increased patient mortality. Although, the intestine is of high clinical relevance and plays a crucial role in sepsis and inflammation, information about the effects of HES on intestinal function and barrier integrity is very scarce. We therefore evaluated the effects of clinically relevant concentrations of HES on intestinal function and barrier integrity employing an isolated perfused model of the mouse small intestine.
  
  
  METHODS
  An isolated perfused model of the mouse small intestine was established and intestines were vascularly perfused with a modified Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing 3% Albumin (N=7) or 3% HES (130/0.4; N=7). Intestinal metabolic function (galactose uptake, lactate-topyruvate ratio), edema formation (wet-to-dry weight ratio), morphology (histological and electron microscopical analysis), fluid shifts within the vascular, lymphatic and luminal compartments, as well as endothelial and epithelial barrier permeability (FITC-dextran translocation) were evaluated in both groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the Albumin group, HES perfusion did not significantly change the wet-to-dry weight ratio and lactate-to-pyruvate ratio. However, perfusing the small intestine with 3% HES resulted in a significant loss of vascular fluid (p<0.01), an increased fluid accumulation in the intestinal lumen (p<0.001), an enhanced translocation of FITC-dextran from the vascular to the luminal compartment (p<0.001) and a significantly impaired intestinal galactose uptake (p<0.001). Morphologically, these findings were associated with an aggregation of intracellular vacuoles within the intestinal epithelial cells and enlarged intercellular spaces.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A vascular perfusion with 3% HES impairs the endothelial and epithelial barrier integrity as well as metabolic function of the small intestine.
authors.forename: Yuk Lung
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Ingmar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lautenschläger
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dombrowsky
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zitta
authors.forename: Berthold
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bein
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goldmann
authors.forename: Inez
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Frerichs
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Steinfath
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Weiler
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Albrecht