title: Evaluation of Residual Antibacterial Effect of Human Radicular Dentin Treated with Triple and Double Antibiotic Pastes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate the residual antibacterial effect of human radicular dentin treated with various concentrations of triple antibiotic paste and double antibiotic paste (DAP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sterilized dentin specimens were randomly assigned to 6 treatment groups and a no-treatment control group (n = 45 per group). For treatment groups, specimens were treated with either TAP or DAP at various concentrations (1000, 1, or 0.5 mg/mL) for 2 weeks. Then, each specimen was irrigated with 5 mL saline and incubated in phosphate-buffered solutions for 3, 7, 14, or 30 days. After that, Enterococcus faecalis was cultured on the specimens for 3 days. Each specimen was then transferred to a tube containing 200 μL saline, sonicated, and vortexed to detach the bacterial biofilm. The detached biofilm was spiral plated, and the number of colony-forming units was determined using an automated counting machine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dentin specimens treated with 1000 mg/mL TAP or DAP had a significant residual antibacterial effect up to 14 days and 30 days, respectively. No significant difference was observed between 1000 and 1 mg/mL TAP and DAP at all time points. Dentin treated with all concentrations of DAP has a significantly longer residual antibacterial effect compared with dentin treated with TAP at the same concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radicular dentin treated with TAP and DAP showed a significant residual antibacterial effect compared with untreated dentin. All concentrations of DAP showed a significantly longer residual antibacterial effect compared with the same concentrations of TAP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan. Electronic address: sabralolo@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Alaa H A
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Sabrah
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: Ghaeth H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Yassen
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Spolnik
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: Anderson T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Platt
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Gregory
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D009824:Ointments; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D009824:Ointments
keywords: Double antibiotic; Enterococcus faecalis; endodontic regeneration; substantivity; triple antibiotic