title: Ultrahigh speed en face OCT capsule for endoscopic imaging.
abstract: Depth resolved and en face OCT visualization in vivo may have important clinical applications in endoscopy. We demonstrate a high speed, two-dimensional (2D) distal scanning capsule with a micromotor for fast rotary scanning and a pneumatic actuator for precision longitudinal scanning. Longitudinal position measurement and image registration were performed by optical tracking of the pneumatic scanner. The 2D scanning device enables high resolution imaging over a small field of view and is suitable for OCT as well as other scanning microscopies. Large field of view imaging for screening or surveillance applications can also be achieved by proximally pulling back or advancing the capsule while scanning the distal high-speed micromotor. Circumferential en face OCT was demonstrated in living swine at 250 Hz frame rate and 1 MHz A-scan rate using a MEMS tunable VCSEL light source at 1300 nm. Cross-sectional and en face OCT views of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract were generated with precision distal pneumatic longitudinal actuation as well as proximal manual longitudinal actuation. These devices could enable clinical studies either as an adjunct to endoscopy, attached to an endoscope, or as a swallowed tethered capsule for non-endoscopic imaging without sedation. The combination of ultrahigh speed imaging and distal scanning capsule technology could enable both screening and surveillance applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA, USA.
authors.forename: Kaicheng
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA, USA ; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA ; Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Traverso
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA, USA.
authors.forename: Hsiang-Chieh
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA, USA.
authors.forename: Osman Oguz
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Ahsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA, USA.
authors.forename: Zhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA, USA ; Advanced Imaging Group, Thorlabs Inc., Newton NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Potsaid
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giacomelli
authors.affiliation: Praevium Research Inc., Santa Barbara CA, USA.
authors.forename: Vijaysekhar
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jayaraman
authors.affiliation: Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA, USA.
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barman
authors.affiliation: Advanced Imaging Group, Thorlabs Inc., Newton NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cable
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA ; Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston MA, USA.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mashimo
authors.affiliation: Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA, USA ; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Langer
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA, USA.
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
keywords: (170.2150) Endoscopic imaging; (170.2680) Gastrointestinal; (170.3880) Medical and biological imaging; (170.4500) Optical coherence tomography