title: Refining strategies to identify populations to be screened for lung cancer.
abstract: The selection of populations to be screened for lung cancer must be further optimized before translation to large population. A 3-step refinement should be integrated into forthcoming lung cancer trials, namely, calculation of risk based on (1) demographics, (2) biological factors, and (3) radiologic inputs. Biological sampling should be implemented up-front to reduce the use of low-dose computed tomography scanning in patients with lower risk of aggressive disease and, notably, to improve detection of aggressive disease that is overlooked by current screening strategies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Venezian 1, Milan 20133, Italy. Electronic address: ugo.pastorino@istitutotumori.mi.it.
authors.forename: Ugo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Pastorino
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Venezian 1, Milan 20133, Italy; Section of Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, Parma 43126, Italy.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D047368:Tumor Burden
keywords: Biological sampling; Imaging; Lung cancer; Screening