title: Prevalence and risk factors of retinal vein occlusion: the Gutenberg Health Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the age- and sex-specific prevalence and determinants of retinal vein occlusions (RVOs) in a large population-based German cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  The investigation included 15,010 participants (aged 35-74 years) from the Gutenberg Health Study. We determined the prevalence of RVO (central retinal vein occlusion [CRVO] and branch retinal vein occlusion [BRVO]) for the local population by assessing fundus photographs of 12 954 (86.3%; 49.8% women and 50.2% men) participants. Further, we analyzed the associations of RVO with cardiovascular, anthropometric, and ophthalmic parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The weighted prevalences of RVO, CRVO, and BRVO were 0.40%, 0.08%, and 0.32%, respectively. Men were 1.7 times more frequently affected by RVO than were women. Prevalence of RVO was 0.2% in participants aged 35-44 and 45-54 years, respectively, 0.48% in those aged 55-64 years, and 0.92% in those aged 65-74 years. Of persons with RVO, 91.5% had one or more cardiovascular risk factor or disease vs. 75.9% of persons without RVO. BRVO was associated with arterial hypertension (odds ratio 2.69, 95% confidence interval 1.27-5.70) and atrial fibrillation (3.37, 1.24-9.12) and CRVO with higher age (7.02, 1.63-30.19) and a family history of stroke (4.64, 1.18-18.25). Median visual acuity (base 10 logarithm of minimum angle of resolution) was 0.2 in persons with RVO vs. 0.05 in those without.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of RVO in this German population was 0.4%, and men were 1.7 times more frequently affected than women. CRVO was associated with higher age and a family history of stroke, and BRVO was associated with arterial hypertension and atrial fibrillation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.|Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Ponto
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.|NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.|Department of Ophthalmology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Elbaz
authors.affiliation: NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Peto
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.|Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Laubert-Reh
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Binder
authors.affiliation: Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.|Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.|DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Wild
authors.affiliation: Institute for Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lackner
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.|Dardenne Eye Hospital, Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mirshahi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010641:Phenotype; D015995:Prevalence; D012170:Retinal Vein Occlusion / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014792:Visual Acuity
keywords: population; prevalence; retinal disease; retinal vein occlusion; risk factors