title: Immunoproteomic analysis of Schistosoma japonicum schistosomulum proteins recognized by immunoglobulin G in the sera of susceptible and non-susceptible hosts.
abstract: The aim of this study was to search for immunogenic schistosomula proteins in the hope of identifying novel intervention targets. Schistosomula proteins were analyzed by immunoproteomic which the probes were sera derived from BALB/c mice (susceptible hosts) and Microtus fortis (resistant hosts). A total of 116 immunoreactive proteins recognized by 10 days post-infected BALB/c mice, M. fortis sera, and uninfected M. fortis sera were selected for further analysis. Finally, 95 protein spots were identified by mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the differentially identified immunogenic proteins participated mainly in cytoskeleton organization, cell motility, energy metabolism, responses to stimuli, and protein folding. Many of these proteins were the tegument or excretory-secretory products of schistosomes reported in previous studies. Among of them, Schistosoma japonicum DnaJ (Hsp40) homologue (SjDnaJ) was successfully expressed and the purified recombinant product was evaluated by immunoprotective experiment. After immunization of BALB/c mice with recombinant SjDnaJ, it could induce 34.5% and 48.9% reductions in the numbers of worms and eggs in the liver. These results contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the host-parasite relationship and provide a major dataset to facilitate the further development of new vaccine candidates and/or diagnostic markers for schistosomiasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Schistosomiasis is caused by parasitic blood-dwelling flukes in tropical and subtropical areas, and it is one of the world's most prevalent tropical diseases. The lack of effective vaccine and reliable diagnostic methods make this disease difficult to control. In China, S. japonicum can infect more than 40 different susceptible mammals for this parasite. However, M. fortis is the only known mammal where the schistosome cannot develop and it exhibits no significant pathological effects. Many studies' results showed that native antibodies against S. japonicum are present in M. fortis that may have important anti-schistosomiasis roles during the infection process. The aim of this study was to search for immunogenic schistosomula proteins in the hope of identifying novel intervention targets. We present a comparative immunoproteomics analysis of the proteins recognized by susceptible and resistant host antibodies before and 10-days after infections. The results of this analysis will be helpful for identifying the key molecules required for the survival and development of schistosomes. At the same time, the study contributes to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the host-parasite relationship associated with schistosomes and they also provide a major dataset to facilitate the further development of new diagnostic assays and/or vaccine candidates for schistosomiasis.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province 471023, PR China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
authors.forename: Jianmei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaodan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, PR China; College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, PR China.
authors.forename: Yanhui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, FuZhou, Fujian Province 350002, PR China.
authors.forename: Chunhui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
authors.forename: Chuangang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, PR China. Electronic address: fuzhiqiang@shvri.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, PR China. Electronic address: jjlin@shvri.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Jiaojiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D003411:Arvicolinae; D004198:Disease Susceptibility / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D015801:Helminth Proteins; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D007162:Immunoproteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020543:Proteome / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D012549:Schistosoma japonicum / Q000276:immunology*; D012552:Schistosomiasis / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015801:Helminth Proteins; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007162:Immunoproteins; D020543:Proteome
keywords: DnaJ (Hsp40) homologue; Immunoproteomics; Microtus fortis; Schistosoma japonicum; Schistosomula