title: MiR-21, miR-34a, miR-198 and miR-217 as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is an aggressive malignancy with late presentation, metastatic potential and very poor prognosis. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Altered expression of microRNAs has been reported in wide range of malignancies, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of selected microRNAs in normal pancreas, chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissues and evaluate their diagnostic and prognostic potential.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using quantitative real-time PCR, expression levels of 4 microRNAs were examined in 74 tumor tissues, 18 tissues of chronic pancreatitis and 9 adjacent normal tissues and correlated with clinicopathological features of patients. Expression levels of miR-21, miR-34a and miR-198 were significantly higher, whereas levels of miR-217 were significantly lower in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas compared to healthy tissues and tissues of chronic pancreatitis. Moreover, increased expression of miR-21 and miR-198 was significantly associated with shorter disease free survival and overall survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that altered expression of examined microRNAs is related to neoplastic transformation and progression of the disease and these microRNAs could serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
  The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1373952531543898.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Oncology II - Solid Cancers, Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. vychytilova.petra@seznam.cz.|Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, Brno, Czech Republic. vychytilova.petra@seznam.cz.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vychytilova-Faltejskova
authors.affiliation: Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, Brno, Czech Republic. kiss@mou.cz.
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.affiliation: Molecular Oncology II - Solid Cancers, Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. sona.klusova@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klusova
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Institutions shared with the Faculty Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic. jhlavsa@fnbrno.cz.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hlavsa
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Institutions shared with the Faculty Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic. vprochazka@fnbrno.cz.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Prochazka
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Institutions shared with the Faculty Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic. zkala@fnbrno.cz.
authors.forename: Zdenek
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kala
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Institutions shared with the Faculty Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic. jmazanec@fnbrno.cz.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mazanec
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Institutions shared with the Faculty Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic. jitka.hausnerova@fnbrno.cz.
authors.forename: Jitka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hausnerova
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Institutions shared with the Faculty Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic. lkren@fnbrno.cz.
authors.forename: Leos
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kren
authors.affiliation: First Department of Pathological Anatomy, Institutions shared with St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic. marketa.hermanova@fnusa.cz.
authors.forename: Marketa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hermanova
authors.affiliation: First Department of Pathological Anatomy, Institutions shared with St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic. jiri.lenz@fnusa.cz.
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lenz
authors.affiliation: Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, Brno, Czech Republic. karasek@mou.cz.
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Karasek
authors.affiliation: Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, Brno, Czech Republic. vyzula@mou.cz.
authors.forename: Rostislav
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vyzula
authors.affiliation: Molecular Oncology II - Solid Cancers, Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. on.slaby@gmail.com.|Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, Brno, Czech Republic. on.slaby@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ondrej
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Slaby
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D050500:Pancreatitis, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C535221:MIRN198 microRNA, human; C524940:MIRN21 microRNA, human; C553315:MIRN217 microRNA, human; C522425:MIRN34 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs