title: Effects of polyphenols from grape seeds on renal lithiasis.
abstract: Nephrolithiasis is a complex disease that results from a combination of factors related to both urine composition and kidney morphoanatomy. Development of calcium oxalate monohydrate papillary calculi is linked to initial subepithelial calcification of renal papilla. Progressive tissue calcification depends on preexisting injury and involves reactive oxygen species. Many plant extracts that protect against oxidative stress manifest antilithiasic activity. Our study focused on determining the effects of polyphenols on a lithiasis rat model. Rats were pretreated with polyphenols and grape seed extracts, followed by posterior induction of hyperoxalosis via treatment with ethylene glycol plus NH4Cl. The concentrations of calcium and other elements in kidney were determined, along with histological examination of kidney and 24 h urine analysis. Significant differences were observed in the renal calcium content between the control plus ethylene glycol-treated group and the epicatechin plus ethylene glycol-treated, red grape seed extract plus ethylene glycol-treated, and white grape seed extract plus ethylene glycol-treated groups, with reductions of about 50%. The antioxidant activity of polyphenols extracted from red and white grape seeds may be critical in the prevention of calcium oxalate monohydrate papillary calculus formation, particularly if calculi are induced by lesions caused by cytotoxic compounds with oxidative capacity.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS), and University of Balearic Islands, Ctra. de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain ; CIBEROBN (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grases
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS), and University of Balearic Islands, Ctra. de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain ; CIBEROBN (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Rafel M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Prieto
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS), and University of Balearic Islands, Ctra. de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: Rafel A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Cabot
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS), and University of Balearic Islands, Ctra. de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain ; CIBEROBN (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Costa-Bauzá
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS), and University of Balearic Islands, Ctra. de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tur
authors.affiliation: Hospital Comarcal de Inca, IB-Salut, C/ Llubí S/N, 07300 Inca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose Juan
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Torres
mesh_terms: D000643:Ammonium Chloride / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis / Q000652:urine; D002392:Catechin / Q000494:pharmacology; D019855:Ethylene Glycol / Q000633:toxicity; D056604:Grape Seed Extract / Q000737:chemistry; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D020347:Lithiasis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008274:Magnesium / Q000032:analysis / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis / Q000652:urine; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D056604:Grape Seed Extract; D059808:Polyphenols; D000643:Ammonium Chloride; D010758:Phosphorus; D002392:Catechin; D019855:Ethylene Glycol; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium