title: Platelets from flowing blood attach to the inflammatory chemokine CXCL16 expressed in the endothelium of the human vessel wall.
abstract: Endothelial chemokine CXC motif ligand 16 (CXCL16) expression is associated with atherosclerosis, while platelets, particularly those attaching to atherosclerotic plaque, contribute to all stages of atherosclerotic disease. This investigation was designed to examine the role of CXCL16 in capturing platelets from flowing blood. CXCL16 was expressed in human atherosclerotic plaques, and lesion severity in human carotid endarterectomy specimens was positively correlated with CXCL16 levels. CXCL16 expression in plaques was co-localised with platelets deposited to the endothelium. Immobilised CXCL16 promoted CXCR6-dependent platelet adhesion to the human vessel wall, endothelial cells and von Willebrand factor during physiologic flow. At low shear, immobilised CXCL16 captured platelets from flowing blood. It also induced irreversible platelet aggregation and a rise in intra-platelet calcium levels. These results demonstrate that endothelial CXCL16's action on platelets is not only limited to platelet activation, but that immobilised CXCL16 also acts as a potent novel platelet adhesion ligand, inducing platelet adhesion to the human vessel wall.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meyer Dos Santos
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blankenbach
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Scholich
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dörr
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Monsefi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keese
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Linke
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Deckmyn
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Sebastian Harder, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany, Tel.: +49 69 63016423, Fax: +49 69 630183921, E-mail: harder@em.uni-frankfurt.de.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harder
mesh_terms: D000077284:Abciximab; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000075743:Chemokine CXCL16; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000378:metabolism*; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism*; D018056:Hemorheology; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; D006801:Humans; D055767:Immobilized Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008024:Ligands; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D010973:Platelet Adhesiveness; D010974:Platelet Aggregation; D019038:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000075744:Receptors, CXCR6; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D051116:Receptors, Scavenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; C423727:CXCL16 protein, human; C106330:CXCR6 protein, human; D000075743:Chemokine CXCL16; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D055767:Immobilized Proteins; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; D008024:Ligands; D019038:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex; D000075744:Receptors, CXCR6; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D051116:Receptors, Scavenger; D011991:Receptors, Virus; C094990:adhesion receptor; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D002118:Calcium; D000077284:Abciximab
keywords: Adhesion; adhesion receptors; chemokines; platelets; vascular inflammation