title: Biochar amendment to lead-contaminated soil: Effects on fluorescein diacetate hydrolytic activity and phytotoxicity to rice.
abstract: The amendment effects of biochar on total microbial activity was measured by fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolytic activity, and phytotoxicity in Pb(II)-contaminated soils was examined by the application of 4 different biochars to soil, with rice as a test plant. The FDA hydrolytic activities of biochar-amended soils were much higher than that of the control. The survival rate of rice in lead-contaminated biochar-amended soils showed significant improvement over the control, especially for bamboo biochar-amended soil (93.3%). In addition, rice grown in lead-contaminated control sediment displayed lower biomass production than that in biochar-amended soil. The immobilization of Pb(II) and the positive effects of biochar amendment on soil microorganisms may account for these effects. The results suggest that biochar may have an excellent ability to mitigate the toxic effects of Pb(II) on soil microorganisms and rice.
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaofei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yunguo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yanling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guangming
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xinjiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: School of Economics and Management, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yiming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhichao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D005452:Fluoresceins / Q000737:chemistry; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007854:Lead / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D012275:Oryza / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D005452:Fluoresceins; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C540010:biochar; D002606:Charcoal; D007854:Lead; C018506:diacetylfluorescein
keywords: Biochar; Fluorescein diacetate hydrolytic activity; Microbial activity; Pb(II)-contaminated soil; Phytotoxicity; Rice (Oryza sativa L.)