title: Beyond the vascular endothelial growth factor axis: update on role of imaging in nonantiangiogenic molecular targeted therapies in oncology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article provides a comprehensive review of molecular targeted therapies that do not act directly through vascular endothelial growth factor pathways, highlighting the role of imaging in assessment of treatment response and drug toxicities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A substantial number of molecular targeted therapies act on nonantiangiogenic pathways. Familiarity with these drugs, their personalized tumor response criteria, and class- and drug-specific toxicities will help radiologists to be an integral part of the multi-disciplinary oncology team.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Imaging, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215.
authors.forename: Stephanie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: Jyothi P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Jagannathan
authors.forename: Katherine M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Krajewski
authors.forename: Atul B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Shinagare
authors.forename: Nikhil H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Ramaiya
authors.forename: Sree Harsha
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Tirumani
mesh_terms: D000077548:Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C546842:MTOR protein, human; C000626173:ALK protein, human; D000077548:Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
keywords: alternate tumor response criteria; anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors; epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors; immune modulators; mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors; molecular targeted therapies