title: Surface modification of multipass caliber-rolled Ti alloy with dexamethasone-loaded graphene for dental applications.
abstract: Titanium (Ti) and its alloys with a high mechanical strength and a small diameter can be effectively exploited for minimally invasive dental implantation. Here, we report a multipass caliber-rolled Ti alloy of Ti13Nb13Zr (MPCR-TNZ) with a high mechanical strength and strong fatigue characteristics. For further dental applications, MPCR-TNZ was surface-modified with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and loaded with osteogenic dexamethasone (Dex) via π-π stacking on the graphitic domain of RGO. The Dex-loaded RGO-MPCR-TNZ (Dex/RGO-MPCR-TNZ) resulted in significantly enhanced growth and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells into osteoblasts, which was confirmed by Alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase activity test, immunocytochemistry, and real-time PCR. Moreover, we could confirm the feasibility of Dex/RGO-MPCR-TNZ from the implantation test of a prototype of a dental implant to an artificial bone block for clinical dental applications.
authors.affiliation: †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 790-784, Korea.
authors.forename: Ho Sang
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3111, United States.
authors.forename: Taekyung
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: ⊥Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Il Keun
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 790-784, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyoung Seop
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 790-784, Korea.
authors.forename: Sei Kwang
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.affiliation: †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 790-784, Korea.|#Graduate Institute of Ferrous Technology (GIFT), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea.
authors.forename: Chong Soo
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003813:Dentistry / Q000379:methods*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D051379:Mice; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D006108:Graphite; D003907:Dexamethasone; D014025:Titanium
keywords: dental implant; graphene; osseointegration; titanium alloy; π−π stacking