title: Complex interventional treatment in a patient with atrial fibrillation and stroke caused by large carotid artery thrombus: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The treatment option for acute ischaemic stroke depends on the duration of symptoms, the dynamics of neurological condition changes, the aetiology, type of stroke, as well as the results of angiographic and neuroimaging tests.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 60-year-old male patient presented with progressive left hemisphere stroke caused by extensive cardiogenic embolism of the common carotid artery and a thrombus closing the internal carotid artery from its ostium to the level of its intracranial division. The complex revascularisation therapy involving surgical embolectomy of the common carotid artery, thrombectomy of the internal carotid artery and intra-arterial thrombolysis has led to the improvement of arterial patency and has countered the progression of acute cerebral ischaemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Emergency carotid embolectomy together with thrombectomy and local thrombolytic rt-PA treatment may be a reasonable rescue therapy for carefully selected patients with large-vessel acute stroke. Further research is needed to establish the advantages and safety of surgical thrombectomy in patients with acute embolic occlusion of the carotid artery and ineffectiveness of or contraindications for systemic thrombolytic treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical University of Silesia Hospital No. 7, Professor Leszek Giec Upper Silesian Medical Centre, Katowice, Poland. alasek@gcm.pl.|School of Health Science, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland. alasek@gcm.pl.
authors.forename: Anetta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lasek-Bal
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and Angiology, Medical University of Silesia Hospital No. 7, Professor Leszek Giec Upper Silesian Medical Centre, Katowice, Poland. urbanek.tom@interia.pl.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Urbanek
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and Angiology, Medical University of Silesia Hospital No. 7, Professor Leszek Giec Upper Silesian Medical Centre, Katowice, Poland. damianziaja@op.pl.
authors.forename: Damian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ziaja
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical University of Silesia Hospital No. 7, Professor Leszek Giec Upper Silesian Medical Centre, Katowice, Poland. aljar2@op.pl.
authors.forename: Aldona
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Warsz-Wianecka
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical University of Silesia Hospital No. 7, Professor Leszek Giec Upper Silesian Medical Centre, Katowice, Poland. ppuz@tlen.pl.
authors.forename: Przemysław
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Puz
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and Angiology, Medical University of Silesia Hospital No. 7, Professor Leszek Giec Upper Silesian Medical Centre, Katowice, Poland. chirurgia@gcm.pl.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ziaja
mesh_terms: D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D017128:Embolectomy / Q000379:methods*; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D017131:Thrombectomy / Q000379:methods*; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents