title: Evaluation of anti-obesity activities of ethanolic extract of Terminalia paniculata bark on high fat diet-induced obese rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence and severity of obesity and associated co-morbidities are rapidly increasing across the world. Natural products-based drug intervention has been proposed as one of the crucial strategies for management of obesity ailments. This study was designed to investigate the anti-obesity activities of ethanolic extract of Terminalia paniculata bark (TPEE) on high fat diet-induced obese rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  LC-MS/MS analysis was done for ethanolic extract of T. paniculata bark. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into six groups of six each, normal diet fed (NC), high fat diet-fed (HFD), HFD+ orlistat (standard drug control) administered, and remaining three groups were fed with HFD + TPEE in different doses (100,150 and 200 mg/kg b. wt). For induction of obesity rats were initially fed with HFD for 9 weeks, then, (TPEE) was supplemented along with HFD for 42 days. Changes in body weight, body composition, blood glucose, insulin, tissue and serum lipid profiles, atherogenic index, liver markers, and expression of adipogenesis-related genes such as leptin, adiponectin, FAS, PPARgamma, AMPK-1alpha and SREBP-1c, were studied in experimental rats. Also, histopathological examination of adipose tissue was carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Supplementation of TPEE reduced significantly (P < 0.05) body weight, total fat, fat percentage, atherogenic index, blood glucose, insulin, lipid profiles and liver markers in HFD-fed groups, in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of adipogenesis-related genes such as Leptin, FAS, PPARgamma, and SREBP-1c were down regulated while Adiponectin and AMPK-1alpha were up regulated in TPEE + HFD-fed rats. Furthermore, histopathological examination of adipose tissue revealed the alleviating effect of TPEE which is evident by reduced size of adipocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Together, the biochemical, histological and molecular studies unambiguously demonstrate the potential anti adipogenic and anti obesity activities of TPEE promoting it as a formidable candidate to develop anti obesity drug.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517502, India. mrg.bio2008@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ramgopal
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mopuri
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517502, India. muni.gbch@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Muniswamy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ganjayi
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Reproduction Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India. bskruthika36@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kruthika S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Banavathy
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517502, India. brahmabiofamily@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Brahma Naidu
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Parim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517502, India. balaji.meriga@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Balaji
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Meriga
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D024301:Plant Bark; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D029766:Terminalia
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004041:Dietary Fats; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010936:Plant Extracts