title: Effects of branched-chain amino acids supplementation on both plasma amino acids concentration and muscle energetics changes resulting from muscle damage: A randomized placebo controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Branched-chain amino acids promote muscle-protein synthesis, reduce protein oxidation and have positive effects on mitochondrial biogenesis and reactive oxygen species scavenging. The purpose of the study was to determine the potential benefits of branched-chain amino acids supplementation on changes in force capacities, plasma amino acids concentration and muscle metabolic alterations after exercise-induced muscle damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  (31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy and biochemical analyses were used to follow the changes after such damage. Twenty six young healthy men were randomly assigned to supplemented branched-chain amino acids or placebo group. Knee extensors maximal voluntary isometric force was assessed before and on four days following exercise-induced muscle damage. Concentrations in phosphocreatine [PCr], inorganic phosphate [Pi] and pH were measured during a standardized rest-exercise-recovery protocol before, two (D2) and four (D4) days after exercise-induced muscle damage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference between groups was found for changes in maximal voluntary isometric force (-24% at D2 and -21% at D4). Plasma alanine concentration significantly increased immediately after exercise-induced muscle damage (+25%) in both groups while concentrations in glycine, histidine, phenylalanine and tyrosine decreased. No difference between groups was found in the increased resting [Pi] (+42% at D2 and +34% at D4), decreased resting pH (-0.04 at D2 and -0.03 at D4) and the slower PCr recovery rate (-18% at D2 and -24% at D4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The damaged muscle was not able to get benefits out of the increased plasma branched-chain amino acids availability to attenuate changes in indirect markers of muscle damage and muscle metabolic alterations following exercise-induced muscle damage.
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM), UMR CNRS 7339, 13385 Marseille, France. Electronic address: alexandre.foure@univ-amu.fr.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fouré
authors.affiliation: Edith Cowan University, School of Exercise and Health Sciences, Center for Exercise and Sports Science Research, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nosaka
authors.affiliation: Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, INRA, Nutrition, Obésité et Risque Thrombotique (NORT), UMR INSERM U1062 - INRA 1260, 13385 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Marguerite
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gastaldi
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM), UMR CNRS 7339, 13385 Marseille, France; APHM, Hôpital Sainte Marguerite, Service de Rhumatologie, 13009 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Mattei
authors.affiliation: APHM, Hôpitaux de La Timone, Pôle d'imagerie médicale, Centre d'Exploration Métabolique par Résonance Magnétique (CEMEREM), 13385 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boudinet
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM), UMR CNRS 7339, 13385 Marseille, France; APHM, Hôpitaux de La Timone, Pôle d'imagerie médicale, Centre d'Exploration Métabolique par Résonance Magnétique (CEMEREM), 13385 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Maxime
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guye
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM), UMR CNRS 7339, 13385 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vilmen
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM), UMR CNRS 7339, 13385 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Yann
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Le Fur
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM), UMR CNRS 7339, 13385 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bendahan
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM), UMR CNRS 7339, 13385 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gondin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000409:Alanine / Q000097:blood; D000597:Amino Acids, Branched-Chain / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015444:Exercise; D005998:Glycine / Q000097:blood; D006639:Histidine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007717:Knee / Q000502:physiology; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000097:blood; D010710:Phosphates / Q000097:blood; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000097:blood; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000597:Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D010710:Phosphates; D010725:Phosphocreatine; D014443:Tyrosine; D010649:Phenylalanine; D006639:Histidine; D000409:Alanine; D005998:Glycine
keywords: Double blind randomized placebo controlled trial; Exercise induced-muscle damage; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy