title: Investigating a Multimodal Intervention   for Children With Limited Expressive   Vocabularies Associated With Autism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated a new intervention package aimed at increasing expressive word learning by school-age children with autism who have limited expressive vocabularies. This pilot investigation was intended to show proof of concept.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten children between the ages of 6 and 10 years participated, with educational diagnoses of autism and limited expressive vocabularies at the outset of the study. A multimodal intervention composed of speech sound practice and augmentative and alternative communication was used to teach individualized vocabulary words that were selected on the basis of initial speech sound repertoires and principles of phonotactic probability and neighborhood density. A multiple-probe design was used to evaluate learning outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five children showed gains in spoken-word learning across successive word sets (high responders). Five children did not meet learning criteria (low responders). Comparisons of behaviors measured prior to intervention indicated that high responders had relatively higher skills in receptive language, prelinguistic communication, vocal/verbal imitation, adaptive behavior, and consonant productions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intervention package holds promise for improving spoken word productions for some children with autism who have limited expressive vocabularies. Further research is needed to better describe who may most benefit from this approach as well as investigate generalized benefits to untaught contexts and targets.
authors.forename: Nancy C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Brady
authors.forename: Holly L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Storkel
authors.forename: Paige
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bushnell
authors.forename: R Michael
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: Debby
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Daniels
authors.forename: Kandace
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fleming
mesh_terms: D000067877:Autism Spectrum Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D007807:Language Tests; D007808:Language Therapy; D008297:Male; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010700:Phonetics; D010865:Pilot Projects; D014706:Verbal Learning; D014825:Vocabulary