title: Salmonella Typhi meningitis in a 9-year old boy with urinary schistosomiasis: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cases of Salmonella Typhi meningitis have been rarely reported in infants. There are few documented cases of persistent salmonella bacteraemia in patients with schistosomiasis. A presented case highlights the importance of broadening the list of pathogens that can cause meningitis among older children in schistosomiasis endemic regions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The reported case is of a 9-year old sukuma-black African boy referred to Bugando Medical Centre with complaints of fever, abdominal pain, headache and generalized body weakness. On examination; the child was febrile (39°C) with neck stiffness and distended abdomen. Cerebrospinal fluid culture was positive for Salmonella Typhi. In addition on urine sediments microscopy, Schistosoma haematobium eggs were seen. The child improved clinically on ceftriaxone and praziquantel, and was discharged 3 weeks after admission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Complicated persistent salmonella infection should be considered in schistosomiasis endemic areas. More research should be done to confirm the association between salmonella infections and urinary schistosomiasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric and child Health Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania. chachaf733@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Flora
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chacha
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology Weill Bugando School of Medicine, CUHAS-Bugando, P.O. BOX 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania. mshana72@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Stephen E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Mshana
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology Weill Bugando School of Medicine, CUHAS-Bugando, P.O. BOX 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania. mmmirambo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mariam M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mirambo
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology Weill Bugando School of Medicine, CUHAS-Bugando, P.O. BOX 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania. marthamushi@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Martha F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Mushi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric and child Health Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania. mrkabyemera@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Rogatus
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kabymera
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology Weill Bugando School of Medicine, CUHAS-Bugando, P.O. BOX 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania. gerwinglisa@yahoo.co.uk.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gerwing
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany. wihelm.schneiderhan@med.uni-goettingen.de.
authors.forename: Wilhelm
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schneiderhan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany. ozimmer@gwdg.de.
authors.forename: Ortrud
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany. ugross@gwdge.de.
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Groß
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016920:Meningitis, Bacterial / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology*; D010529:Peritoneal Cavity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000502:physiology*; D012553:Schistosomiasis haematobia / Q000150:complications* / Q000652:urine*; D014463:Ultrasonography