title: An inactivated vaccine made from a U.S. field isolate of porcine epidemic disease virus is immunogenic in pigs as demonstrated by a dose-titration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a highly pathogenic and transmissible virus in swine, was first detected in the U.S. in May, 2013, and has caused tremendous losses to the swine industry. Due to the difficulty in isolating and growing this virus in cell culture, few vaccine studies using cell culture propagated PEDV have been performed on U.S. strains in pigs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the humoral immune response to the selected inactivated PEDV vaccine candidate in a dose-titration manner.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PEDV was isolated from a pig with diarrhea and complete genome sequencing found >99% nucleotide identity to other U.S. PEDV. Inactivated adjuvanted monovalent vaccines were administered intramuscularly to five week old pigs in a dose titration experimental design, ranging from 6.0-8.0 log10 tissue culture infective dose (TCID50/mL), to evaluate immunogenicity using a fluorescent foci neutralization assay (FFN), fluorescent microsphere immunoassay (FMIA), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on sera. Pigs vaccinated with 8.0 log10 TCID50/mL inactivated virus showed significantly higher FFN titers as well as FMIA and ELISA values than 6.0 log10 TCID50/mL vaccinates and the negative controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate the immunogenicity of a PEDV inactivated viral vaccine with a U.S. strain via dose-titration. A future vaccination-challenge study would illustrate the efficacy of an inactivated vaccine and help evaluate protective FFN titers and ELISA and FMIA responses.
authors.affiliation: Newport Laboratories Inc., Worthington, MN, USA. eacollin@vet.k-state.edu.|Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA. eacollin@vet.k-state.edu.|Present Address: Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA. eacollin@vet.k-state.edu.
authors.forename: Emily A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Collin
authors.affiliation: Newport Laboratories Inc., Worthington, MN, USA. sanbalagan@newportlabs.com.
authors.forename: Srivishnupriya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anbalagan
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA. faonrc@yahoo.com.|National Research Center, Giza, Egypt. faonrc@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Faten
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Okda
authors.affiliation: Newport Laboratories Inc., Worthington, MN, USA. rbatman@newportlabs.com.
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Batman
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA. Eric.Nelson@sdstate.edu.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Newport Laboratories Inc., Worthington, MN, USA. bhause@vet.k-state.edu.|Present Address: Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA. bhause@vet.k-state.edu.
authors.forename: Ben M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Hause
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D016679:Genome, Viral; D008297:Male; D010802:Phylogeny; D053485:Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus / Q000276:immunology*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D014481:United States; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014765:Viral Vaccines