title: Mechanism of Nonpolar Model Substances to Inhibit Primary Gushing Induced by Hydrophobin HFBI.
abstract: In this work, the interactions of a well-studied hydrophobin with different types of nonpolar model substances and their impact on primary gushing is evaluated. The nature, length, and degree of saturation of nonpolar molecules are key parameters defining the gushing ability or inhibition. When mixed with hydrophobins, the nonpolar molecule-hydrophobin assembly acts as a less gushing or no gushing system. This effect can be explained in the framework of a competition effect between non-polar systems and CO2 to interact with the hydrophobic patch of the hydrophobin. Interactions of these molecules with hydrophobins are promoted as a result of the similar size of the nonpolar molecules with the hydrophobic patch of the protein, at the expense of the formation of nanobubbles with CO2. In order to prove the presence of interactions and to unravel the mechanisms behind them, a complete set of experimental techniques was used. Surface sensitive techniques clearly show the presence of the interactions, whose nature is not covalent nor hydrogen bonding according to infrared spectroscopy results. Interactions were also reflected by particle size analysis in which mixtures of particles displayed larger size than their pure component counterparts. Upon mixing with nonpolar molecules, the gushing ability of the protein is significantly disrupted.
authors.affiliation: †KU Leuven, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe-MaltBeerSci), Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, Heverlee, Belgium.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shokribousjein
authors.affiliation: †KU Leuven, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe-MaltBeerSci), Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, Heverlee, Belgium.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Riveros Galan
authors.affiliation: ‡Institute for Materials Research IMO, Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.|§Soft Matter and Biophysics Section, Departement of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D bus 2416, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Losada-Pérez
authors.affiliation: ‡Institute for Materials Research IMO, Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.|§Soft Matter and Biophysics Section, Departement of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D bus 2416, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.affiliation: ∥KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems, Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors, Willem de Croylaan 42, Heverlee, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jeroen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lammertyn
authors.affiliation: ∥KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems, Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors, Willem de Croylaan 42, Heverlee, Belgium.
authors.forename: Iulia
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Arghir
authors.affiliation: ⊥KU Leuven, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Division of Geology, Celestijnenlaan 200e - box 2410, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Asefeh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Golreihan
authors.affiliation: †KU Leuven, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe-MaltBeerSci), Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, Heverlee, Belgium.
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Verachtert
authors.affiliation: #University of Applied Sciences Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, Faculty of Gardening and Food Technology, Am Staudengarten 11, 85350 Freising, Germany.|¶Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet Alper
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Aydın
authors.affiliation: ∇KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry, section: Molecular and Structural Biology, Laboratory for Biomolecular Modelling and BioMacS, Heverlee, Belgium.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Maeyer
authors.affiliation: ○Döhler GmbH, Riedstraße 7-9, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Titze
authors.affiliation: #University of Applied Sciences Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, Faculty of Gardening and Food Technology, Am Staudengarten 11, 85350 Freising, Germany.
authors.forename: Vladimír
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ilberg
authors.affiliation: †KU Leuven, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe-MaltBeerSci), Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, Heverlee, Belgium.
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Derdelinckx
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D011487:Protein Conformation; D013499:Surface Properties; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins
keywords: gushing; hydrocarbons; hydrophobins; infrared spectroscopy; particle size analysis; quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation; self-assembly; surface plasmon resonance