title: Transcriptome analysis between invasive Pomacea canaliculata and indigenous Cipangopaludina cahayensis reveals genomic divergence and diagnostic microsatellite/SSR markers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pomacea canaliculata is an important invasive species worldwide. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms behind species displacement, adaptational abilities, and pesticide resistance, partly because of the lack of genomic information that is available for this species. Here, the transcriptome sequences for the invasive golden apple snail P. canaliculata and the native mudsnail Cipangopaludina cahayensis were obtained by next-generation-sequencing and used to compare genomic divergence and identify molecular markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More than 46 million high quality sequencing reads were generated from P. canaliculata and C. cahayensis using Illumina paired-end sequencing technology. Our analysis indicated that 11,312 unigenes from P. canaliculata and C. cahayensis showed significant similarities to known proteins families, among which a total of 4,320 specific protein families were identified. KEGG pathway enrichment was analyzed for the unique unigenes with 17 pathways (p-value < 10(-5)) in P. canaliculata relating predominantly to lysosomes and vitamin digestion and absorption, and with 12 identified in C. cahayensis, including cancer and toxoplasmosis pathways, respectively. Our analysis also indicated that the comparatively high number of P450 genes in the P. canaliculata transcriptome may be associated with the pesticide resistance in this species. Additionally, 16,717 simple sequence repeats derived from expressed sequence tags (EST-SSRs) were identified from the 14,722 unigenes in P. canaliculata and 100 of them were examined by PCR, revealing a species-specific molecular marker that could distinguish between the morphologically similar P. canaliculata and C. cahayensis snails.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Here, we present the genomic resources of P. canaliculata and C. cahayensis. Differentially expressed genes in the transcriptome of P. canaliculata compared with C. cahayensis corresponded to critical metabolic pathways, and genes specifically related to environmental stress response were detected. The CYP4 family of P450 cytochromes that may be important factors in pesticide metabolism in P. canaliculata was identified. Overall, these findings will provide valuable genetic data for the further characterization of the molecular mechanisms that support the invasive and adaptive abilities of P. canaliculata.
authors.affiliation: Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tropical&Subtropical Fishery Resource Application&Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510380, China. muxd1019@163.com.
authors.forename: Xidong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.affiliation: Center for Applied Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China. hougy@cafs.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Guangyuan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tropical&Subtropical Fishery Resource Application&Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510380, China. shm1227@126.com.
authors.forename: Hongmei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Center for Applied Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China. xupeng@cafs.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tropical&Subtropical Fishery Resource Application&Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510380, China. luodu2012@163.com.
authors.forename: Du
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tropical&Subtropical Fishery Resource Application&Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510380, China. gudangen@163.com.
authors.forename: Dangen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tropical&Subtropical Fishery Resource Application&Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510380, China. xm0557@126.com.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tropical&Subtropical Fishery Resource Application&Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510380, China. olfishlo@163.com.
authors.forename: Jianren
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Ecological Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China. jeanzh@scau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jiaen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tropical&Subtropical Fishery Resource Application&Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510380, China. huyc22@163.com.
authors.forename: Yinchan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics; D020224:Expressed Sequence Tags; D014644:Genetic Variation; D058865:Introduced Species; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D012908:Snails / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System