title: Crash characteristics and injury patterns among commercial motorcycle users attending Kitale level IV district hospital, Kenya.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Motorcycle users involved in crashes are likely to die or be severely injured due to high frequency of head, chest and leg injuries. We carried out a descriptive cross sectional study to determine crash characteristics and injury patterns among motorcycle users attending Kitale district hospital, Kenya.
  
  
  METHODS
  Motorcycle trauma patients were recruited between 1(st) August 2013 and 31(st) October 2013. Data collection was done using a pre-tested, coded questionnaire. Frequencies mean (SD) and chi-square was employed in the analysis. Analysis was done using SPSS V.20. Results were considered significant at α = 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Motorcycle trauma patients formed 39.4% of all road traffic injuries. Males constituted 69.8%, females 30.2% and mean age was 30(±13) years. Riders accounted for majority of injury patients (45%), passengers (38.8%) and pedestrians (15.9%). Mechanism of motorcycle crash was involving motorcycle versus vehicle (45.6%). Riders suffered severe injuries compared to passengers (χ(2)=129.936, p < 0.001). Head injury patients were assessed as having Glasgow coma scale (GCS) of 70% 9-12, 26% GCS of 13-15 and 7% GCS of 3-8. Injuries sustained by victims included head and neck injury 40%, lower extremity injury 39.9% and chest injury 8.2%. Riders without helmets during the crash sustained head injuries (χ(2)=111.352, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Head injuries and lower extremity injuries accounted for the major proportion of injuries sustained by motorcycle users. Non helmet use was associated with increased risk of head injuries. Morbidity can be mitigated by encouraging use of protective gear like helmets.
authors.affiliation: Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, College of Health Sciences, Kenya.
authors.forename: Peter Kiteywo
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Sisimwo
authors.affiliation: Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, College of Health Sciences, Kenya.
authors.forename: Peter Kabanya
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Mwaniki
authors.affiliation: Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre For Microbiology Research, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bii
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006260:Head Protective Devices; D006767:Hospitals, District; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000293:injuries; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009049:Motorcycles; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Crash characteristics; Kenya; commercial motorcycle; injury patterns; severity