title: Is lidocaine patch as effective as intravenous lidocaine in pain and illus reduction after laparoscopic colorectal surgery? A randomized clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of lidocaine patch applied around wound in laparoscopic colorectal surgery in reduction of postoperative pain and illus compared to intravenous lidocaine infusion and placebo.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Postoperative illus and pain after colorectal surgery is a challenging problem associated with increased morbidity and cost. Inflammatory response to surgery plays crucial rule in inducing postoperative illus. Systemic local anesthetics proved to have anti-inflammatory properties that may be beneficial in preventing ileus added to its analgesic actions. The lidocaine patch evaluated in many types of pain with promising results. We try to evaluate the patch in perioperative field as a more simple and safe technique than the intravenous route.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, controlled study was conducted, comparing three groups. Group 1 (placebo) received saline infusion, group 2 received i.v. lidocaine infusion after induction of anesthesia, 2 mg/min if body weight >70 kg or 1 mg/min if body weight <70 kg, group 3 received lidocaine patch 5%, three patches each one divided into two equal parts and applied around the three wounds just before induction. Data collected were, pain scores (VAS), morphine consumption, return of bowel function, pro-inflammatory cytokines plasma levels and plasma lidocaine level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pain intensity (VAS) scores at rest and during coughing were significantly lower during the first 72 h postoperative in i.v. lidocaine group and patch group compared to the placebo group. Mean morphine consumption were significantly lower in the i.v. lidocaine group and patch group compared to placebo group. Return of the bowel function was significantly earlier in i.v. lidocaine group in comparison to the other groups. Proinflammatory cytokines (IL6, IL8, and C3a) were significantly lower in i.v. lidocaine group compared to the other two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lidocaine patch was equal to i.v. lidocaine infusion in decreasing pain scores and morphine consumption but not in acceleration of bowel function return.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and SICUD, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed Ali Abd
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Elhafz
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and SICUD, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed Said
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Elgebaly
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and SICUD, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed Sobhy
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Bassuoni
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and SICUD, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed Ali
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: El Dabaa
keywords: Illus; intravenous lidocaine; laparoscopic colorectal surgery; lidocaine patch; pain