title: Ethylene Response Factors Are Controlled by Multiple Harvesting Stresses in Hevea brasiliensis.
abstract: Tolerance of recurrent mechanical wounding and exogenous ethylene is a feature of the rubber tree. Latex harvesting involves tapping of the tree bark and ethephon is applied to increase latex flow. Ethylene is an essential element in controlling latex production. The ethylene signalling pathway leads to the activation of Ethylene Response Factor (ERF) transcription factors. This family has been identified in Hevea brasiliensis. This study set out to understand the regulation of ERF genes during latex harvesting in relation to abiotic stress and hormonal treatments. Analyses of the relative transcript abundance were carried out for 35 HbERF genes in latex, in bark from mature trees and in leaves from juvenile plants under multiple abiotic stresses. Twenty-one HbERF genes were regulated by harvesting stress in laticifers, revealing an overrepresentation of genes in group IX. Transcripts of three HbERF-IX genes from HbERF-IXc4, HbERF-IXc5 and HbERF-IXc6 were dramatically accumulated by combining wounding, methyl jasmonate and ethylene treatments. When an ethylene inhibitor was used, the transcript accumulation for these three genes was halted, showing ethylene-dependent induction. Subcellular localization and transactivation experiments confirmed that several members of HbERF-IX are activator-type transcription factors. This study suggested that latex harvesting induces mechanisms developed for the response to abiotic stress. These mechanisms probably depend on various hormonal signalling pathways. Several members of HbERF-IX could be essential integrators of complex hormonal signalling pathways in Hevea.
authors.affiliation: CIRAD, UMR DAP, Montpellier, France; IBRIEC, Bogor, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Riza-Arief
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Putranto
authors.affiliation: CIRAD, UMR DAP, Montpellier, France; RRI, CATAS, Danzhou, Hainan, China.
authors.forename: Cuifang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: IRRI, Sembawa, Palembang, Indonesia.
authors.lastname: Kuswanhadi
authors.affiliation: IBRIEC, Bogor, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Tetty
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chaidamsari
authors.affiliation: CIRAD, UMR DAP, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Maryannick
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rio
authors.affiliation: CIRAD, UMR DAP, Montpellier, France; Rubber Research Institute, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Piyanuch
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Piyatrakul
authors.affiliation: IRRI, Sembawa, Palembang, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Herlinawati
authors.affiliation: CIRAD, UMR DAP, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pirrello
authors.affiliation: CIRAD, UMR DAP, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dessailly
authors.affiliation: CIRAD, UMR DAP, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leclercq
authors.affiliation: CIRAD, UMR BGPI, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bonnot
authors.affiliation: RRI, CATAS, Danzhou, Hainan, China.
authors.forename: Chaorong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: BIG-CAS, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Songnian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: CIRAD, UMR DAP, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Montoro
mesh_terms: D005030:Ethylenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D028482:Hevea / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D005030:Ethylenes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C036216:ethylene