title: Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus infection of lung slice cultures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) is the causative agent of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA), a transmissible neoplastic disease of sheep. OPA is an economically important veterinary disease and is also a valuable naturally occurring animal model of human lung cancer, with which it shares a similar histological appearance and the activation of common cell signaling pathways. Interestingly, the JSRV Env protein is directly oncogenic and capable of driving cellular transformation in vivo and in vitro. Previous studies of JSRV infection in cell culture have been hindered by the lack of a permissive cell line for the virus. Here, we investigated the ability of JSRV to infect slices of ovine lung tissue cultured ex vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We describe the use of precision cut lung slices from healthy sheep to study JSRV infection and transformation ex vivo. Following optimization of the culture system we characterized JSRV infection of lung slices and compared the phenotype of infected cells to natural field cases and to experimentally-induced OPA tumors from sheep. JSRV was able to infect cells within lung slices, to produce new infectious virions and induce cell proliferation. Immunohistochemical labeling revealed that infected lung slice cells express markers of type II pneumocytes and phosphorylated Akt and ERK1/2. These features closely resemble the phenotype of natural and experimentally-derived OPA in sheep, indicating that lung slice culture provides an authentic ex vivo model of OPA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that we have established an ex vivo model of JSRV infection. This model will be valuable for future studies of JSRV replication and early events in oncogenesis and provides a novel platform for studies of JSRV-induced lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Edinburgh, UK. chris.cousens@moredun.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cousens
authors.affiliation: Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Edinburgh, UK. char.all@hotmail.fr.
authors.forename: Charline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alleaume
authors.affiliation: Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Edinburgh, UK. ebijsmans@rvc.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bijsmans
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK. hmartineau@rvc.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Henny M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Martineau
authors.affiliation: Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Edinburgh, UK. jeanie.finlayson@moredun.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Jeanie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Finlayson
authors.affiliation: Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Edinburgh, UK. mark.dagleish@moredun.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Dagleish
authors.affiliation: Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Edinburgh, UK. david.griffiths@moredun.ac.uk1.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Griffiths
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D022141:Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus / Q000254:growth & development*; D008168:Lung / Q000821:virology*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D034561:Sheep, Domestic