title: The Scirtothrips dorsalis Species Complex: Endemism and Invasion in a Global Pest.
abstract: Invasive arthropods pose unique management challenges in various environments, the first of which is correct identification. This apparently mundane task is particularly difficult if multiple species are morphologically indistinguishable but accurate identification can be determined with DNA barcoding provided an adequate reference set is available. Scirtothrips dorsalis is a highly polyphagous plant pest with a rapidly expanding global distribution and this species, as currently recognized, may be comprised of cryptic species. Here we report the development of a comprehensive DNA barcode library for S. dorsalis and seven nuclear markers via next-generation sequencing for identification use within the complex. We also report the delimitation of nine cryptic species and two morphologically distinguishable species comprising the S. dorsalis species complex using histogram analysis of DNA barcodes, Bayesian phylogenetics, and the multi-species coalescent. One member of the complex, here designated the South Asia 1 cryptic species, is highly invasive, polyphagous, and likely the species implicated in tospovirus transmission. Two other species, South Asia 2, and East Asia 1 are also highly polyphagous and appear to be at an earlier stage of global invasion. The remaining members of the complex are regionally endemic, varying in their pest status and degree of polyphagy. In addition to patterns of invasion and endemism, our results provide a framework both for identifying members of the complex based on their DNA barcode, and for future species delimiting efforts.
authors.affiliation: Mid-Florida Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Apopka, Florida, United States of America; US Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, Florida, United States of America.
authors.forename: Aaron M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Dickey
authors.affiliation: Mid-Florida Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Apopka, Florida, United States of America; US Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, Florida, United States of America.
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America; Center for Invasive Species Research, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hoddle
authors.affiliation: North Florida Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, Florida, United States of America.
authors.forename: Joe E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Funderburk
authors.affiliation: US Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, Florida, United States of America; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Pierce, Florida, United States of America.
authors.forename: J Kent
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.affiliation: US Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, Florida, United States of America; Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, Florida, United States of America.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jara-Cavieres
authors.affiliation: US Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, Florida, United States of America; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Pierce, Florida, United States of America.
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Shatters
authors.affiliation: Mid-Florida Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Apopka, Florida, United States of America.
authors.forename: Lance S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Osborne
authors.affiliation: US Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, Florida, United States of America; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Pierce, Florida, United States of America.
authors.forename: Cindy L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: McKenzie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics; D056426:Genetic Loci; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population; D038622:Internationality; D058865:Introduced Species; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity; D061149:Thysanoptera / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV