title: Integrating visual dietary documentation in mobile-phone-based self-management application for adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: The goal of modern diabetes treatment is to a large extent focused on self-management to achieve and maintain a healthy, low HbA1c. Despite all new technical diabetes tools and support, including advanced blood glucose meters and insulin delivery systems, diabetes patients still struggle to achieve international treatment goals, that is, HbA1c < 7.5 in children and adolescents. In this study we developed and tested a mobile-phone-based tool to capture and visualize adolescents' food intake. Our aim was to affect understanding of carbohydrate counting and also to facilitate doctor-adolescent communication with regard to daily treatment. Furthermore, we wanted to evaluate the effect of the designed tool with regard to empowerment, self-efficacy, and self-treatment. The study concludes that implementing a visualization tool is an important contribution for young people to understand the basics of diabetes and to empower young people to define their treatment challenges. By capturing a picture of their own food, the person's own feeling of being in charge can be affected and better self-treatment achieved.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway Research Centre for Child and Youth Competence Development, Lillehammer University College, Lillehammer, Norway Dag_helge_froisland@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Dag Helge
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Frøisland
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Centre for Integrated Care and Telemedicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway Department of Computer Science, Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Eirik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Årsand
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D040421:Cell Phone; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D004282:Documentation; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems; D008297:Male; D063731:Mobile Applications; D012648:Self Care / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000523:psychology; D020377:Self Efficacy; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin
keywords: M-health; diabetes; empowerment; self-care