title: Enolase1 (ENO1) and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) are good markers to predict human sperm freezability.
abstract: Sperm cryopreservation is a method to preserve sperm samples for a long period. However, the fertility of sperm decreases markedly after freezing and thawing in a certain amount of samples. The aim of the present study was to find useful and reliable predictive biomarkers of the capacity to withstand the freeze-thawing process in human ejaculates. Previous researches have shown that enolase1 (ENO1) and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) are closely related to spermatozoa quality. We chose the two proteins as probable markers of sperm freezing capacity. Ejaculate samples were separated into good freezability ejaculates (GFE) and poor freezability ejaculates (PFE) according to progressive motility of the sperm after thawing. Before starting cryopreservation protocols, the two proteins from each group were compared using western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. Results showed that normalized content of ENO1 (P<0.05) and GPI (P<0.01) were both significantly higher in GFE than in PFE. The association of ENO1 and GPI with postthaw sperm viability and motility was confirmed using Pearson's linear correlation. In conclusion, ENO1 and GPI can be used as markers of human sperm freezability before starting the cryopreservation procedure.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 140, Rd. Han Zhong, Nanjing 210029, PR China; Department of Urology, Yixing People's Hospital, No. 75, Rd. Tong Zhen guan, Yixing 214200, PR China.
authors.forename: Xu-ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 140, Rd. Han Zhong, Nanjing 210029, PR China.
authors.forename: Shang-qian
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 140, Rd. Han Zhong, Nanjing 210029, PR China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 140, Rd. Han Zhong, Nanjing 210029, PR China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 140, Rd. Han Zhong, Nanjing 210029, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 140, Rd. Han Zhong, Nanjing 210029, PR China.
authors.forename: Jing-yuan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Human Sperm Bank, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 16, Rd. Yong Qing cun, Nanjing 210029, PR China.
authors.forename: Hong-yong
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 140, Rd. Han Zhong, Nanjing 210029, PR China. Electronic address: zengjunwang2002@sina.com.
authors.forename: Zeng-jun
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 140, Rd. Han Zhong, Nanjing 210029, PR China. Electronic address: zhangwei@medmail.com.cn.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002470:Cell Survival; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005298:Fertility / Q000502:physiology; D005615:Freezing; D005956:Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000378:metabolism*; D055101:Semen Analysis; D012662:Semen Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000502:physiology; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016207:Cytokines; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C095157:ENO1 protein, human; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase; C554959:GPI protein, human; D005956:Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase
keywords: Enolase1; Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase; Sperm; Sperm cryopreservation