title: Computerized tomography-guided sphenopalatine ganglion pulsed radiofrequency treatment in 16 patients with refractory cluster headaches: Twelve- to 30-month follow-up evaluations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sphenopalatine ganglion percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation treatment can improve the symptoms of cluster headaches to some extent. However, as an ablation treatment, radiofrequency thermocoagulation treatment also has side effects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To preliminarily evaluate the efficacy and safety of a non-ablative computerized tomography-guided pulsed radiofrequency treatment of sphenopalatine ganglion in patients with refractory cluster headaches.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included and analysed 16 consecutive cluster headache patients who failed to respond to conservative therapy from the Pain Management Center at the Beijing Tiantan Hospital between April 2012 and September 2013 treated with pulsed radiofrequency treatment of sphenopalatine ganglion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven of 13 episodic cluster headaches patients and one of three chronic cluster headaches patient were completely relieved of the headache within an average of 6.3 ± 6.0 days following the treatment. Two episodic cluster headache patients and two chronic cluster headache patients showed no pain relief following the treatment. The mean follow-up time was 17.0 ± 5.5 months. All patients enrolled in this study showed no treatment-related side effects or complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show that patients with refractory episodic cluster headaches were quickly, effectively and safely relieved from the cluster period after computerized tomography-guided pulsed radiofrequency treatment of sphenopalatine ganglion, suggesting that it may be a therapeutic option if conservative treatments fail.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China.
authors.forename: Luo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jingjing
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China.
authors.forename: Shen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China.
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China neurochina@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003027:Cluster Headache / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D061208:Pulsed Radiofrequency Treatment / Q000379:methods*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cluster headache; pulsed; radiofrequency; sphenopalatine ganglion; treatment