title: Gingival bleeding of a high-flow mandibular arteriovenous malformation in a child with 8-year follow-up.
abstract: Intraosseous arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in the head and neck region are uncommon. There are several types and they can have a wide range of clinical presentations. Depending on the blood flow through the AVM, the treatment may be challenging for the attending team and may lead to life-threatening hemorrhages. A clinical case report is presented. A 9-year-old girl, seen for gingival bleeding during oral hygiene, was found to have a high-flow AVM located within and around the mandible. Two-stage treatment consisted of intra-arterial embolization followed by intraoral injection of a sclerosing agent 8 weeks later. At the 8-year follow-up, imaging study showed no evidence of recurrent lesion inside or outside the bone. The final outcome is a correct occlusion with a symmetric facial result. This case shows that conservative treatment may be the first treatment option mostly in children. Arteriography and transcortical injection were enough to control the AVM.
authors.affiliation: Service of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fundació Hospital de Nens de Barcelona, Consell de Cent 437, 08009 Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195 Barcelona, Spain ; Service of Pediatric Dentistry, Fundació Hospital de Nens de Barcelona, Consell de Cent 437, 08009 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Elvira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ferrés-Amat
authors.affiliation: Service of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fundació Hospital de Nens de Barcelona, Consell de Cent 437, 08009 Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prats-Armengol
authors.affiliation: Service of Pediatric Dentistry, Fundació Hospital de Nens de Barcelona, Consell de Cent 437, 08009 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Maura-Solivellas
authors.affiliation: Service of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fundació Hospital de Nens de Barcelona, Consell de Cent 437, 08009 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ferrés-Amat
authors.affiliation: Service of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fundació Hospital de Nens de Barcelona, Consell de Cent 437, 08009 Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mareque-Bueno
authors.affiliation: Service of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fundació Hospital de Nens de Barcelona, Consell de Cent 437, 08009 Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ferrés-Padró