title: An educational program for insulin self-adjustment associated with structured self-monitoring of blood glucose significantly improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after 12 weeks: a randomized, controlled pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) has been recommended as a useful tool for improving glycemic control, but is still an underutilized strategy and most diabetic patients are not aware of the actions that must be taken in response to its results and do not adjust their treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of an educational program for insulin self-adjustment based on SMBG in poorly controlled patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, randomized, controlled 12-week intervention study was conducted on poorly controlled insulin-requiring patients with T2DM. Twenty-three subjects were randomized to two educational programs: a 2-week basic program with guidance about SMBG and types and techniques of insulin administration (group A, n = 12) and a 6-week program including the basic one and additional instructions about self-titration of insulin doses according to a specific protocol (group B, n = 11). Patients were reviewed after 12 weeks and baseline to endpoint changes in glycated hemoglobin (A1C), insulin doses, body weight and incidence of hypoglycemia were compared by paired and independent Student t-tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 12 weeks, there was a significant reduction in A1C only in group B, but group comparison showed no significant difference (p = 0.051). A higher percentage of subjects in group B achieved an A1C near the treatment target (<7.5%) than in group A. Daily insulin dose increased non-significantly in the two groups and there was no significant difference in the incidence of hypoglycemia or body weight changes between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Training for self-titrating insulin doses combined with structured SMBG can safely improve glycemic control in poorly controlled insulin-treated T2DM patients. This strategy may facilitate effective insulin therapy in routine medical practice, compensating for any reluctance on the part of physicians to optimize insulin therapy and thus to improve the achievement of recommended targets of diabetes care.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program, Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Rua Domingos Vieira, 590, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniel Dutra Romualdo
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program, Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Rua Domingos Vieira, 590, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriana Aparecida
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bosco
keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Glycated hemoglobin; Insulin self-adjustment; Self-care; Self-monitoring of blood glucose; Type 2