title: Sinus membrane perforations and the incidence of complications: a retrospective study from a residency program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to evaluate sinus membrane perforations and the incidence of complications in a residency program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 107 consecutive direct sinus augmentation procedures were reviewed retrospectively from 2008 to 2012.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All perforations were repaired intraoperatively with the use of a collagen tape. Intraoperative membrane perforations were observed in 64 of 107 cases (59.8%). Of the perforations, 58 were less than 5 mm in diameter and 6 were 5 mm or greater in diameter. It was found that there were 6 cases (5.6%) that experienced postoperative complications. Of those, 3 occurred in cases with no perforations, 2 with perforations less than 5 mm in diameter, and 1 with a perforation 5 mm or more in diameter. These differences were not statistically significant (P > .05). All observed post-operative complications were related to symptoms of acute infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although membrane perforation was a frequent intraoperative finding, there was no evidence that the presence and size of membrane perforation influences the likelihood of postoperative complications.
authors.affiliation: University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Kyle
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shiffler
authors.affiliation: UCLA School of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Professor, UCLA School of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Tara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aghaloo
authors.affiliation: Nobel Biocare Endowed Chair, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Peter K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Moy
authors.affiliation: Assistant Clinical Professor, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, USA. Electronic address: jpidds78@ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pi-Anfruns
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D015994:Incidence; D007396:Internship and Residency; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D059546:Sinus Floor Augmentation; D013515:Surgery, Oral / Q000193:education*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed