title: MR imaging of primary hepatic neuroendocrine neoplasm and metastatic hepatic neuroendocrine neoplasm: a comparative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate MR characteristics in differentiating primary hepatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (PHNEN) from metastatic hepatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (MHNEN).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-nine patients with histopathologically proven liver neuroendocrine neoplasm were retrospectively analyzed. The morphological and MR signal features on T1, T2-weighted, dynamic-enhanced, and diffusion-weighted imaging were evaluated and compared between the PHNEN group (n = 12) and the MHNEN group (n = 27).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The tumor size (P = 0.0084), number (P = 0.017), distribution (P = 0.000), contour (P = 0.041), the presence of capsule-like enhancement (P = 0.034), tumor homogeneity (P = 0.018) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values (P = 0.024) were different between PHNENs and MHNENs. Large, solitary or massive-growing nodules with lobulated or irregular contour, capsule-like enhancement, heterogeneous signals or lower ADC values supported the diagnosis of PHNEN compared with MHNEN. ROC analysis demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.746, when the optimal cutoff value of 1.049 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s was used, a sensitivity of 63.0 % (95 % CI, 44.2-79.4 %), a specitivity of 80.0 % (95 % CI, 50.1-96.4 %), a positive predictive value of 89.5 % (95 % CI, 70.9-98.2 %), and a negative predictive value of 44.4 % (95 % CI, 23.4-67.0 %) can be achieved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MRI may provide valuable information for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PHNENs and MHNENs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.|Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China.|Department of Medical Imaging, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: RuoFan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
authors.forename: YanHong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China. mengsuzeng@163.com.|Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China. mengsuzeng@163.com.|Department of Medical Imaging, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. mengsuzeng@163.com.
authors.forename: MengSu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.|Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China.|Department of Medical Imaging, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: ShengXiang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.|Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China.|Department of Medical Imaging, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: CaiZhong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D003287:Contrast Media; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA
keywords: Liver; Magnetic resonance imaging; Neuroendocrine neoplasm