title: Examining impacts of allergic diseases on psychological problems and tobacco use in Korean adolescents: the 2008-2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Asthma during adolescence can induce social, psychological, and behavioral problems. We examined the impact of asthma and other allergic diseases on psychological symptoms and health risk behaviors among South Korean adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this population-based cross-sectional study, 3192 adolescents (10-18 years of age) participating in the 2008-2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were enrolled. Psychological problems associated with clinically diagnosed asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis were assessed using questionnaires and surveys. Data was analyzed using logistic regression to determine the association of depression with allergic disease while controlling for age, sex, body mass index, smoking experience, and alcohol use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Asthma and atopic dermatitis were associated with a higher prevalence of depression (17.2% and 13%, respectively). After adjusting for the covariates, asthma patients were approximately two times as likely to have depression as non-allergic participants (odds ratio, 1.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-2.68). Psychosocial stress significantly increased in the following order: no allergy, any allergy without asthma, asthma only, and asthma with any allergy (p for linear trend = 0.01). The asthma without other allergies group showed the highest prevalence of cigarette smoking (p = 0.007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, asthma with or without other allergies was significantly related to increases in depression, psychosocial stress, and smoking experience. Thus, care should be taken to adjust treatment to account for the psychological symptoms and health risk behaviors common among asthmatic adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yoon Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyungdo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Gyu
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Seo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Hee
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Tack
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dae Chul
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Jeong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D064424:Tobacco Use / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D000066608:Underage Drinking / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data