title: A multicomponent nutrient bar promotes weight loss and improves dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in the overweight/obese: chronic inflammation blunts these improvements.
abstract: This study determined if twice-daily consumption of a nutrient-dense bar intended to fill gaps in Western diets, without other dietary/lifestyle requirements, favorably shifted metabolic/anthropometric indicators of dysregulation in a healthy direction. Three 8-wk clinical trials in 43 healthy lean and overweight/obese (OW/OB) adults, who served as their own controls, were pooled for analysis. In less inflamed OW/OB [high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) <1.5], statistically significant decreases occurred in weight (-1.1 ± 0.5 kg), waist circumference (-3.1 ± 1.4 cm), diastolic blood pressure (-4.1 ± 1.6 mmHg), heart rate [HR; -4.0 ± 1.7 beats per minute (bpm)], triglycerides (-72 ± 38.2 mg/dl), insulin resistance (homeostatic model of insulin resistance) (-0.72 ± 0.3), and insulin (-2.8 ± 1.3 mU/L); an increase in HDL-2b (+303 ± 116 nM) and realignment of LDL lipid subfractions toward a less atherogenic profile [decreased small LDL IIIb (-44 ± 23.5 nM), LDL IIIa (-99 ± 43.7 nM), and increased large LDL I (+66 ± 28.0 nM)]. In the more inflamed OW/OB (hsCRP >1.5), inflammation was reduced at 2 wk (-0.66 mg/L), and HR at 8 wk (-3.4 ± 1.3 bpm). The large HDL subfraction (10.5-14.5 nm) increased at 8 wk (+346 ± 126 nM). Metabolic improvements were also observed in lean participants. Thus, favorable changes in measures of cardiovascular health, insulin resistance, inflammation, and obesity were initiated within 8 wk in the OW/OB by replacing deficiencies in Western diets without requiring other dietary or lifestyle modifications; chronic inflammation blunted most improvements.
authors.affiliation: *Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; and Processed Foods Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA jmccann@chori.org mshigenaga@chori.org.
authors.forename: Joyce C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: McCann
authors.affiliation: *Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; and Processed Foods Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA jmccann@chori.org mshigenaga@chori.org.
authors.forename: Mark K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Shigenaga
authors.affiliation: *Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; and Processed Foods Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA.
authors.forename: Michele L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Mietus-Snyder
authors.affiliation: *Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; and Processed Foods Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA.
authors.forename: Ashutosh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lal
authors.affiliation: *Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; and Processed Foods Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA.
authors.forename: Jung H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.affiliation: *Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; and Processed Foods Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA.
authors.forename: Ronald M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Krauss
authors.affiliation: *Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; and Processed Foods Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA.
authors.forename: Ginny L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Gildengorin
authors.affiliation: *Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; and Processed Foods Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA.
authors.forename: Alisa M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Goldrich
authors.affiliation: *Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; and Processed Foods Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA.
authors.forename: Devan S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Block
authors.affiliation: *Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; and Processed Foods Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA.
authors.forename: Swapna V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Shenvi
authors.affiliation: *Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; and Processed Foods Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA.
authors.forename: Tara H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: McHugh
authors.affiliation: *Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; and Processed Foods Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA.
authors.forename: Don A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.affiliation: *Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; and Processed Foods Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA.
authors.forename: Bruce N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Ames
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000378:metabolism; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000378:metabolism; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D050177:Overweight / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: HDL cholesterol; cardiovascular; dietary intervention; lipid particles; nutritional supplements