title: Aluminium uptake and translocation in Al hyperaccumulator Rumex obtusifolius is affected by low-molecular-weight organic acids content and soil pH.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High Al resistance of Rumex obtusifolius together with its ability to accumulate Al has never been studied in weakly acidic conditions (pH > 5.8) and is not sufficiently described in real soil conditions. The potential elucidation of the role of organic acids in plant can explain the Al tolerance mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  We established a pot experiment with R. obtusifolius planted in slightly acidic and alkaline soils. For the manipulation of Al availability, both soils were untreated and treated by lime and superphosphate. We determined mobile Al concentrations in soils and concentrations of Al and organic acids in organs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Al availability correlated positively to the extraction of organic acids (citric acid < oxalic acid) in soils. Monovalent Al cations were the most abundant mobile Al forms with positive charge in soils. Liming and superphosphate application were ambiguous measures for changing Al mobility in soils. Elevated transport of total Al from belowground organs into leaves was recorded in both lime-treated soils and in superphosphate-treated alkaline soil as a result of sufficient amount of Ca available from soil solution as well as from superphosphate that can probably modify distribution of total Al in R. obtusifolius as a representative of "oxalate plants." The highest concentrations of Al and organic acids were recorded in the leaves, followed by the stem and belowground organ infusions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In alkaline soil, R. obtusifolius is an Al-hyperaccumulator with the highest concentrations of oxalate in leaves, of malate in stems, and of citrate in belowground organs. These organic acids form strong complexes with Al that can play a key role in internal Al tolerance but the used methods did not allow us to distinguish the proportion of total Al-organic complexes to the free organic acids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Stanislava
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vondráčková
authors.affiliation: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jiřina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Száková
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ondřej
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Drábek
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Václav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tejnecký
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hejcman
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Vladimíra
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Müllerová
authors.affiliation: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tlustoš
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D000535:Aluminum / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001692:Biological Transport; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008970:Molecular Weight; D019815:Oxalic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D031804:Rumex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D019343:Citric Acid; D019815:Oxalic Acid; D000535:Aluminum; D019342:Acetic Acid