title: Association of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) polymorphisms with risk of primary hyperuricemia in Uygur men, Xinjiang, China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) participates in lipoprotein metabolism and immune regulation. This study assessed association between ApoE polymorphisms with hyperuricemia and uric acid metabolism in Uygur men, Xinjiang, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 474 hyperuricemia patients and 518 healthy male controls were recruited from the Health Screening Center, Uygur region of Xinjiang, China and subjected to ApoE genotyping using a multiplex amplification refractory mutation system PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Apolipoprotein E3/3 genotype was the predominant type with a frequency of 67.7%, while E2/2 was lower than E4/4 in Uygur males. The frequencies of ApoE2, E3, and E4 alleles were 8.5%, 80.1% and 11.4%, respectively. Distribution of ApoE genotypes was significantly different in hyperuricemia patients from the healthy controls (p<0.001). Particularly, the frequency of ApoE E3/3 was 71.7%, E2/3 9.3%, E3/4 9.3%, E4/4 3.2%, E2/4 2.3%, and E2/2 0.2% in patients vs. 68.1%, 4.6%, 2.9%, 12%, 0.6%, and 4.6% in controls, respectively. Moreover, frequency of ApoE E2 allele was greater in the healthy controls than in patients (p<0.001) and the highest level of uric acid occurred in those with ApoE2/4 and E3/4 genotypes, whereas the lowest uric acid level occurred in those with ApoE E2/2 genotype. In addition, the subjects with the ApoE2 allele had a lower uric acid and LDL-C level than those with the ApoE3 allele and ApoE4 allele (p<0.05). The risk of developing hyperuricemia in subjects without the ApoE2 allele was 1.7 fold higher than those subjects with the ApoE2 allele.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study revealed frequencies and distributions of ApoE alleles and genotypes in Uygur males, which are different from Han Chinese. ApoE E4 was associated with a slightly higher risk of primary hyperuricemia, whereas ApoE E2 was associated with reduced risk of primary hyperuricemia and LDL-C level.
authors.affiliation: College of Basic Science, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China. sypmjj20080106@sina.com.
authors.forename: Yu-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Basic Science, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China. young29320@yahoo.ocm.cn.
authors.forename: Bei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China. mydx0418@sina.com.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.affiliation: The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China. xjqzyykj@126.com.
authors.forename: Xian-Min
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Basic Science, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China. 625117820@qq.com.
authors.forename: Jia-Hui
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Education, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China. luoli.6@163.com.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Education, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China. luying0507@sina.com.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.affiliation: The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China. Gaoxin6868@126.com.
authors.forename: Gao
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.affiliation: The Municipal Hospital of Aletai, Aletai, Xinjiang, China. guzali@126.com.
authors.forename: Gulinizha
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Haliakpaer
authors.affiliation: The Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Tacheng, Xinjiang, China. 1569054947@qq.com.
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Education, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China. yaohua01@sina.com.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yao
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D053329:Apolipoprotein E2 / Q000235:genetics; D053318:Apolipoprotein E3 / Q000235:genetics; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4 / Q000235:genetics; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D053329:Apolipoprotein E2; D053318:Apolipoprotein E3; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D014527:Uric Acid