title: Extra-CNS metastasis from glioblastoma: a rare clinical entity.
abstract: Extra-CNS metastasis from glioblastoma (ECMGBM) is an emerging but little known clinical entity. We review pre-clinical and translational publications assessing the ability of GBM to spread locally and outside the CNS. Reported cases demonstrating ECMGBM are reviewed providing a summary of presentations for the entity. Special attention is placed on transmission of GBM through organ transplantation. Finally, predictions are made as to the future significance of ECMGBM, especially in the context of better outcomes in CNS GBM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Musaddiq
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Awan
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Arjun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sahgal
authors.forename: Sunit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Samuel T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Eric L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jonathan P S
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Knisely
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Redmond
authors.forename: Jason W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: Mitchell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Machtay
authors.forename: Andrew E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Sloan
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Mansur
authors.forename: Lisa R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: Simon S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D016543:Central Nervous System Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000473:pathology*; D016377:Organ Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects
keywords: circulating tumor cells; glioblastoma; gliomas; malignancy in transplant patients; organ transplantation