title: Prevalence and Correlates of Tobacco and Nicotine Containing Product Use in a Sample of United States Air Force Trainees.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although there is increasing attention to the prevalence of new and emerging tobacco products in the civilian population, remarkably little is known about the current prevalence of these products in a military population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The current investigation was designed to determine the prevalence of tobacco and nicotine containing products (TNCP) and correlates of use across multiple cohorts of trainees undergoing Technical Training in the US Air Force between April 2013 and December 2014. Chi-square test, Cochran-Armitage test for linear trend, and logistic regression models were applied to test differences and linear trends across time for TNCP use as well as correlates of use in a cross-sectional sample of 13 685 Airmen (final analytic sample).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over a quarter (26.9%) of Airmen reported regular use of a TNCP. The two most prevalent products were cigarettes (11.2%) and hookah (10.5%). Among correlates of use, Airmen that regularly use TNCPs were more likely to be male, younger, non-Hispanic white, and single with a high school degree or General Education Development. Hookah was the most endorsed for intentions to use, and along with e-cigarettes, had the lowest perception of harm. While prevalence of most products remained constant across entering cohorts, the prevalence of e-cigarettes showed significant linear increase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of TNCP use is high across cohorts of Airmen. Remarkably high estimates of future intentions to use and low perceptions of harm for emerging products suggest that intervention efforts should be directed at multiple forms of TNCP use to address this important public health issue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; mlittl18@uthsc.edu.
authors.forename: Melissa A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Little
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN;
authors.forename: Karen J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Derefinko
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN;
authors.forename: Zoran
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bursac
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Care Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN;
authors.forename: Jon O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Ebbert
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN;
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Colvin
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN;
authors.forename: Gerald W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Talcott
authors.affiliation: Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surgical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland, TX.
authors.forename: Ann S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Hryshko-Mullen
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN;
authors.forename: Phyllis A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Richey
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN;
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Klesges
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D066300:Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D015995:Prevalence; D011634:Public Health / Q000639:trends; D012574:Schools / Q000639:trends*; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000639:trends*; D062789:Tobacco Products / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology