title: [Calcium intake, serum vitamin D and obesity in children: is there an association?].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association between calcium intake and serum vitamin D levels and childhood obesity by an integrative review.
  
  
  METHODS
  The research was conducted in the databases PubMed/medLine, Science Direct and SciELO with 2001 to 2014 publications. We used the combined terms in English: "children" and "calcium" or "children" and "vitamin D" associated with the descriptors: "obesity", "adiposity" or "body fat" for all bases. Cross-sectional and cohort studies, as well as clinical trials, were included. Review articles or those that that have not addressed the association of interest were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight articles were part of this review, five of which were related to calcium and three to vitamin D. Most studies had a longitudinal design. The analyzed studies found an association between calcium intake and obesity, especially when age and sex were considered. Inverse relationship between serum vitamin D and measures of adiposity in children has been observed and this association was influenced by the sex of the patient and by the seasons of the year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The studies reviewed showed an association between calcium and vitamin D with childhood obesity. Considering the possible protective effect of these micronutrients in relation to childhood obesity, preventive public health actions should be designed, with emphasis on nutritional education.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brasil. Electronic address: kelly.cunha@ufv.br.
authors.forename: Kelly Aparecida da
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brasil.
authors.forename: Elma Izze da Silva
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Magalhães
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brasil.
authors.forename: Laís Monteiro Rodrigues
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Loureiro
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brasil.
authors.forename: Luciana Ferreira da Rocha
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Sant'Ana
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brasil.
authors.forename: Andréia Queiroz
authors.initials: AQ
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brasil.
authors.forename: Juliana Farias de
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Novaes
mesh_terms: D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D014807:Vitamin D
keywords: Adiposidade; Adiposity; Calcium; Children; Crianças; Cálcio; Obesidade; Obesity; Vitamin D; Vitamina D