title: Two cases of meningocele and meningoencephalocele in Jeju native pigs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Meningocele and meningoencephalocele of the skull are congenital deformities. Various species, such as pigs, dogs, and cats, are susceptible to congenital meningocele and meningoencephalocele and the incidence is higher in large white and landrace pigs.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, swelling was observed in the fontanel areas of the median planes of the skull cap in two female piglets of the same litter. Gross clinical examination, neurological examination, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were conducted on the symptomatic piglets. The gross clinical and neurological examinations revealed no specific findings, except for the swellings. According to the CT results, the length of the defect on the sagittal section of the skull was 4.7 mm in case 1 and 20.62 mm in case 2. Connected flow between the skull swellings and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the lateral ventricles was observed, and partial herniation was identified in case 2. On MRI, CSF with high T2 signals was identified in the arachnoid spaces between the cerebrum and the cerebellum in the two cases, which is consistent with intracranial hypertension. The size of the swelling formed in the parietal bones was 1.6 × 1.1 × 1.8 cm(3) (case 1) and 1.2 × 1.38 × 1.7 cm(3) (case 2). The increase in intracranial pressure was more obvious in case 2 than in case 1, and was accompanied by posterior displacements of the mesencephalon and cerebellum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Case 1 was diagnosed as meningocele resulting from meningeal herniation and case 2 was diagnosed as meningoencephalocele caused by brain tissue herniation.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeju, 690-150, Republic of Korea. choic4753@korea.kr.
authors.forename: In-Cheol
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 690-756, Republic of Korea. vetmedicine@naver.com.
authors.forename: Yong-Sang
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeju, 690-150, Republic of Korea. vetjack@korea.kr.
authors.forename: Jae-Gyu
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Educational Science Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 690-756, Republic of Korea. hansh04@naver.com.
authors.forename: Sang-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeju, 690-150, Republic of Korea. chosr@korea.kr.
authors.forename: Sang-Rae
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal and Dairy Science (Brain Korea 21 plus Program), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea. heebok.park@cnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hee-Bok
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 690-756, Republic of Korea. prevet001@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Kyong-Leek
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 690-756, Republic of Korea. bluemoon1210@naver.com.
authors.forename: Kyoung-Ha
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 690-756, Republic of Korea. albatross1@lycos.co.kr.
authors.forename: Han-Seong
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 690-756, Republic of Korea. tykang87@jejunu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Tae-Young
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004677:Encephalocele / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D008588:Meningocele / Q000473:pathology*; D056910:Republic of Korea; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000151:congenital* / Q000473:pathology