title: The epidemiology of self-defense gun use: evidence from the National Crime Victimization Surveys 2007-2011.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the epidemiology of self-defense gun use (SDGU) and the relative effectiveness of SDGU in preventing injury and property loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data come from the National Crime Victimization Survey for 2007-2011, focusing on personal contact crimes. For property loss, we examined incidents where the intent was to steal property. Multivariate analyses controlled for age, gender of offender and victim, if offender had a gun, urbanicity, and thirteen types of self-protective action.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of over 14,000 incidents in which the victim was present, 127 (0.9%) involved a SDGU. SDGU was more common among males, in rural areas, away from home, against male offenders and against offenders with a gun. After any protective action, 4.2% of victims were injured; after SDGU, 4.1% of victims were injured. In property crimes, 55.9% of victims who took protective action lost property, 38.5 of SDGU victims lost property, and 34.9% of victims who used a weapon other than a gun lost property.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to other protective actions, the National Crime Victimization Surveys provide little evidence that SDGU is uniquely beneficial in reducing the likelihood of injury or property loss.
authors.affiliation: Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address: hemenway@hsph.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hemenway
authors.affiliation: Department of Economics, University of Vermont, 237 Old Mill, Burlington, VT, USA. Electronic address: sara.solnick@uvm.edu.
authors.forename: Sara J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Solnick
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D003415:Crime / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005389:Firearms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population; D014754:Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Gun; Property loss; Protection; Self-defense