title: Signalling Networks Governing Metabolic Inflammation.
abstract: Low-grade inflammation is an established pathological condition that contributes to the development of obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Metabolic inflammation is dependent on multiple signalling events. In an overnutrition state, canonical inflammatory pathways are induced by inflammatory cytokines and lipid species. They can also be triggered through inflammasome activation as well as through cellular stress provoked by the unfolded protein response at the endoplasmic reticulum as well as by reactive oxygen species. In this chapter, we summarize the current knowledge about signalling events within the cell and describe how they impact on metabolic inflammation and whole-body metabolism. We particularly highlight the interplay between different signalling pathways that link low-grade inflammation responses to the inactivation of the insulin receptor pathway, ultimately leading to insulin resistance, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC)/CNRS UMR 7104 - Inserm U 964/Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France. dali@igbmc.fr.|Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l'hôpital, 67091, Strasbourg Cedex, France. dali@igbmc.fr.
authors.forename: Nassim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dali-Youcef
authors.affiliation: Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC)/CNRS UMR 7104 - Inserm U 964/Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France. ricci@igbmc.fr.|Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l'hôpital, 67091, Strasbourg Cedex, France. ricci@igbmc.fr.
authors.forename: Romeo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ricci
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase / Q000502:physiology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase
keywords: Ceramide; Fatty acids; IKKβ; Inflammatory cytokines; Insulin resistance; JNK; Macrophages; NFκB; Obesity; Toll-like receptors; White adipose tissue