title: Electron transfer study on graphene modified glassy carbon substrate via electrochemical reduction and the application for tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) electrochemiluminescence sensor fabrication.
abstract: In this study, electron transfer behavior of the graphene nanosheets attachment on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) via direct electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO) is investigated for the first time. The graphene modified electrode was achieved by simply dipping the GCE in GO suspension, followed by cyclic voltammetric scanning in the potential window from 0V to -1.5V. Tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) [Ru(bpy)3(2+)] was immobilized on the graphene modified electrode and used as the redox probe to evaluate the electron transfer behavior. The electron transfer rate constant (Ks) was calculated to be 61.9±5.8s(-1), which is much faster than that of tiled graphene modified GCE (7.1±0.6s(-1)). The enhanced electron transfer property observed with the GCE modified by reductively deposited graphene is probably due to its standing configuration, which is beneficial to the electron transfer comparing with the tiled one. Because the abundant oxygen-containing groups are mainly located at the edges of GO, which should be much easier for the reduction to start from, the reduced GO should tend to stand on the electrode surface as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy analysis. In addition, due to the favored electron transfer and standing configuration, the Ru(bpy)3(2+) electrochemiluminescence sensor fabricated with standing graphene modified GCE provided much higher and more stable efficiency than that fabricated with tiled graphene.
authors.affiliation: College of Chemical Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, the Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province. Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China. Electronic address: yhxu@qdu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yuanhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Chemical Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, the Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province. Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Mengmei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: College of Chemical Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, the Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province. Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Huihui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Chemical Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, the Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province. Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Xidan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zong
authors.affiliation: College of Chemical Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, the Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province. Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: College of Chemical Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, the Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province. Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Jizhen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Chemical Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, the Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province. Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China. Electronic address: jliu@qdu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jingquan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D004579:Electron Transport; D004583:Electrons; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry*; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000379:methods; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D012428:Ruthenium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D010087:Oxides; C415768:tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II); D002244:Carbon; D006108:Graphite; D012428:Ruthenium
keywords: Electrochemical reduction; Electrochemiluminescence; Electron transfer; Graphene; Tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)