title: [The risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Heilongjiang province].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the prevalence and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Heilongjiang province.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a population-based and cross-sectional survey on prevalence of COPD in Heilongjiang province from September 2013 to March 2014. The stratified-cluster-random sampling method was performed to collect the data from 4 478 people in 5 cities (Jixi, Daqing, Suihua, Yichun and Jiagedaqi). The subjects were interviewed with questionnaires and tested with spirometry. A post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC<70% was defined as diagnostic of COPD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Completed and qualified data were obtained from 4 059 participants. The average prevalence of COPD was 7.3% (urban 6.0%; rural 8.8%; men 8.6%; women 6.5%). When using SPSS18.0 for the single factors logistic regression analysis, results indicated that sex (OR = 0.700, 95%CI:0.540-0.907), age ≥ 50 (OR = 1.236, 95%CI:0.758-2.017), lower education level (OR = 1.551, 95%CI:0.929-2.590), biomass for cooking (compared with electricity, OR = 2.744, 95%CI:1.429-5.271), biomass (compared with centralized heat supply, OR = 1.229, 95%CI:0.120-12.546)and coal (compared with centralized heat supply, OR = 4.661, 95%CI:0.474-45.840) for heating, respiratory diseases (OR = 3.594, 95%CI:2.738-4.716), combined with cardiovascular disease (OR = 1.370, 95%CI:1.058-1.776) were the risk factors of COPD in Heilongjiang province.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher risk for COPD was related with sex, age, education level, cooking fuel, heating methods, respiratory diseases and combined with cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Haerbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Email: zoujihua@126.com.
authors.forename: Jihua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Chongwen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yanping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Ziwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Jingquan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Yuefeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Honghong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Qingfang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yongshan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003296:Cooking; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D013147:Spirometry; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires