title: A multi-parametric approach assessing microbial viability and organic matter characteristics during managed aquifer recharge.
abstract: Soil column (SC) experiments were conducted to investigate the feasibility of using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as microbial inhibitors; the microbial viability affecting the degradation of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) and the characteristics of organic matter during managed aquifer recharge were specifically evaluated. Natural surface water samples treated with AgNPs (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg L(-1)) were continually fed into the soil columns for 2 years. The adverse impact of AgNPs on the cell membrane integrity and microbial enzymatic activity was quantitatively determined using flow cytometry and adenosine triphosphate analysis. The increase in AgNP concentration in the feed water (up to 10 mg L(-1)) resulted in a corresponding deterioration in the performance of the managed aquifer recharge (MAR), with respect to the removal of organic carbon, oxidation of nitrogenous compounds, and PhAC attenuation. The fluorescence excitation-emission matrices of feed water and treated water showed the favorable removal of protein-like substances compared to humic-like substances regardless of the AgNP concentrations; however, the extent of removed fractions decreased noticeably when the microbial viability was lowered via AgNP treatment. The biological oxidation of organic nitrogen was almost completely inhibited when 10 mg L(-1) AgNP was added during soil passage. The attenuation of bezafibrate, ketoprofen, diclofenac, clofibric acid, and gemfibrozil was strongly associated with the significant deterioration in biodegradation as a result of AgNP activity.
authors.affiliation: Water Resources Research Institute, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Chul
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Hyung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Noh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering, 701 Engineering Research Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, USA.
authors.forename: So-Ryong
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.affiliation: K-water Institute, Water Quality Center, Shintanjin-Ro 200, Daeduck-Gu, Daejeon 306-711, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jaewon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yunho
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: andrew.maeng@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sung Kyu
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Maeng
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D060587:Groundwater / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity; D050296:Microbial Viability; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000378:metabolism; D012834:Silver / Q000633:toxicity; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D009930:Organic Chemicals; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D012834:Silver
keywords: Flow cytometry; Managed aquifer recharge; Microbial viability; Pharmaceutically active compounds; Silver nanoparticles