title: Fungal rhino sinusitisin in tehran, iran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fungal rhino sinusitis (FRS) is an important infection of para nasal sinuses, which encompasses two main categories; invasive and noninvasive forms according to histopathological findings. Aspergillus spp are the most common species isolated from noninvasive form, while Mucorales are more frequently isolates from acute infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred fifty patients suspected to fungal rhino sinusitis were investigated in a cross-sectional prospective study from June 2009 to Sep 2013. All patients under went endoscopic sinus surgery of the middle meatus. Tissue biopsies were investigated for culture, histopathology and molecular examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Totally, 87 patients were diagnosed with fungal rhinosinusitis. A. flavus was the most common etiological agent of chronic invasive form (CIFRS), allergic fungal rhino sinusitis (AFRS) and fungus ball (FB), while Rhizopus oryze (26.7%) was the most common cause of infection in acute invasive fungal rhino sinusitis (AIFR). However, a few rare species such as Shyzophyllum commune and Fusarium proliferatum were also isolated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diabetes is the most important predisposing factor for patients with acute invasive form of sinusitis and the most involved sinuses were unilateral multiple sinuses and maxillary sinus.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nazeri
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Jamal
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hashemi
authors.affiliation: Amir-alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ardehali
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sasan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rezaei
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: SeyedMojtaba
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seyedmousavi
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zareei
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Emaddodin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hosseinjani
keywords: AFRS; AIFR; Fungal rhinosinusitis; Fungus ball