title: Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma of the gastric stump following Billroth II gastrectomy: case report and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gastric stump cancer after gastric resection is a well-known disease. It may be a newly developed cancer after resection due to benign disease, or recurrent or residual disease after oncological surgery. The predominant histological type is usually adenocarcinoma. This study aimed to report on a rare occurrence of a mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) on the gastric stump.
  
  
  METHODS
  The case of an 83-year-old female who presented a locally aggressive gastric stump MANEC, 35 years after Billroth II gastrectomy to treat a peptic ulcer, is reported. The patient underwent resection and adjuvant therapy. She has been followed up for one year without signs of recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MANEC is a rare type of gastrointestinal neoplasm. The classification, histopathology, clinical features, treatment issues and prognosis are discussed along with a brief review of the literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Everton
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cazzo
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Helena Paes de Almeida
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: de Saito
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018278:Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D059186:Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D018530:Gastric Stump / Q000601:surgery*; D005763:Gastroenterostomy; D006801:Humans; D018198:Mixed Tumor, Malignant / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy