title: Existence of a Colonizing Staphylococcus aureus Strain Isolated in Diabetic Foot Ulcers.
abstract: Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic bacterium capable of causing a wide range of severe diseases when it gains access to underlying tissues. Paradoxically, S. aureus is a common inhabitant of the skin microflora and colonizes the nares and other human mucosa. The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic basis for the differences in the pathogenic versus colonizing potential of S. aureus isolated from diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). By performing optical map comparisons of a collection of S. aureus strains isolated from DFUs, we brought to light a prophage present in noninfecting bacteria. The phage, namely ROSA-like, was localized in a hotspot region ΦNM2 near the locus isd, the iron surface determinant system. The integrated phage significantly reduces the virulence of the strain and increases the biofilm formation. DFUs seem to be a specific niche of this colonizing strain. The ROSA-like phage represents the first description of a mobile element present mainly in S. aureus isolated from DFUs, which modulates the relationship of the bacteria with its human host. This phage appears to attenuate bacterial virulence and promote colonization.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montpellier, Nîmes, France.
authors.forename: Nourreddine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Messad
authors.affiliation: The Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, U.K. Krebs Institute, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, U.K.
authors.forename: Tomasz K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Prajsnar
authors.affiliation: CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, LabEx Ecofect, University of Lyon 1, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR5308, Lyon, France Referent National Center of Staphylococci, Center of Biology and Pathology East, University Hospital Lyon, Bron, France.
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lina
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montpellier, Nîmes, France.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: O'Callaghan
authors.affiliation: Krebs Institute, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, U.K.
authors.forename: Simon J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.affiliation: The Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, U.K. Krebs Institute, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, U.K.
authors.forename: Steve A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Renshaw
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN.
authors.forename: Eric P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Skaar
authors.affiliation: CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, LabEx Ecofect, University of Lyon 1, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR5308, Lyon, France Referent National Center of Staphylococci, Center of Biology and Pathology East, University Hospital Lyon, Bron, France.
authors.forename: Michèle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bes
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montpellier, Nîmes, France Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Carémeau, Nîmes, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dunyach-Remy
authors.affiliation: CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, LabEx Ecofect, University of Lyon 1, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR5308, Lyon, France Referent National Center of Staphylococci, Center of Biology and Pathology East, University Hospital Lyon, Bron, France.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vandenesch
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montpellier, Nîmes, France Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Carémeau, Nîmes, France.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sotto
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montpellier, Nîmes, France Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Carémeau, Nîmes, France jean.philippe.lavigne@chu-nimes.fr.
authors.forename: Jean-Philippe
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9484-0304
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lavigne
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D014774:Virulence; D015027:Zebrafish