title: Simultaneous Determination of Xylazine and 2,6-Xylidine in Blood and Urine by Auto Solid-Phase Extraction and Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry.
abstract: Xylazine as veterinary medicine for sedation, but intoxication cases in humans were identified in the last few years. A highly sensitive method is required for analyzing xylazine and its metabolites in human blood and urine. This article presents an ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF) study for simultaneous determination of xylazine and 2,6-dimethylaniline (DMA) in human blood and urine. The samples were extracted and cleaned up by Oasis MCX solid-phase extraction. The analysis is performed using an UHPLC-QTOF. Analysis precision, accuracy, sensitivity, linear range, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were validated for the proposed method. In the blood and urine samples, the linear calibration curves with high linearity are obtained over the range of 2.0-1,000.0 ng/mL. The LOD for xylazine and DMA in blood are 0.2 and 0.1 ng/mL, in urine are 0.4 and 0.2 ng/mL; the LOQ for xylazine and DMA in blood are 0.6 and 0.3 ng/mL, in urine are 1.0 and 0.6 ng/mL, respectively. The intra- and interday precision is better than 8.6 and 11.9%. In conclusion, the proposed method is highly sensitive and reproducible, thus suitable for accurate quantification of xylazine and its metabolites in blood and urine.
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China Chongqing Key Lab of Catalysis and Functional Organic Molecules, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Chongqing Institute of Forensic Science, Chongqing 400021, China babyfast1982@126.com.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beibei District, Chongqing 400700, China.
authors.forename: Yaoyu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: EnerVault Corporation, 1244 Reamwood Ave, Sunnyvale, CA 94089, USA.
authors.forename: Chaokang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014991:Xylazine / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D014991:Xylazine; C007766:2,6-xylidine