title: Eco-evo-devo in the Study of Adaptive Divergence: Examples from Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus).
abstract: The tight fit between form and function in organisms suggests the influence of adaptive evolution in biomechanics; however, the prevalence of adaptive traits, the mechanisms by which they arise and the corresponding responses to selection are subjects of extensive debate. We used three-dimensional microcomputed tomography and geometric morphometrics to characterize the structure of phenotypic covariance within the G. aculeatus trophic apparatus and its supporting structures in wild and controlled crosses of fish from two different localities. Our results reveal that while the structure of phenotypic covariance is conserved in marine and freshwater forms, it may be disrupted in the progeny of artificial crosses or during rapid adaptive divergence events. We discuss these results within the context of integrating covariance structure with quantitative genetics, toward establishing predictive links between genes, development, biomechanics, and the environment.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary AB T2N4N1, Canada, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary AB T2N1N4, Canada hajamnic@ucalgary.ca.
authors.forename: Heather A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Jamniczky
authors.affiliation: *Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary AB T2N4N1, Canada, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary AB T2N1N4, Canada.
authors.forename: Tegan N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Barry
authors.affiliation: *Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary AB T2N4N1, Canada, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary AB T2N1N4, Canada.
authors.forename: Sean M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Rogers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D012886:Skull / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D023701:Smegmamorpha / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography / Q000662:veterinary