title: Acoustic characteristics of the metallic voice quality.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the fundamental frequency and the frequency of the formants F1, F2, F3, and F4 from vocal emissions of amateur singers with metallic voice quality.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 60 amateur female singers aged between 18 and 60 years old; 30 women with metallic voice quality forming the study group (SG) and 30 women without such a vocal quality forming control group (CG). The sample was selected through voice screening confirmed by reviewers after reaching a consensus. Regarding data collection, sustained vowel emissions in usual tone and at two predetermined frequencies, by which the values of F0 and frequency of the formants F1, F2, F3, and F4 were obtained, were recorded and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparing the emissions in usual tone, no difference for F0 was found, but the values of the formants F2, F3, and F4 were higher in the SG. In the preestablished tones, there was a difference between the two groups in the formants F3 and F4 for both tones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is possible to characterize metallic voice quality as a normal fundamental frequency, with increasing frequency of the F2 formant, and values of frequencies of formants F2, F3, and F4 higher when compared to the CG.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Tuiutí do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Congeta Bruniere Xavier
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Fadel
authors.affiliation: Speech Language Pathology and Audiology Department, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Irati, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Dassie-Leite
authors.affiliation: Universidade Tuiutí do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosane Sampaio
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo de Oliveira
authors.initials: Mde O
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.affiliation: Universidade Tuiutí do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jair Mendes
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Marques
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009146:Music; D063346:Singing / Q000502:physiology*; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D014833:Voice Quality / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult