title: Bioactive glass ions as strong enhancers of osteogenic differentiation in human adipose stem cells.
abstract: Bioactive glasses are known for their ability to induce osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. To elucidate the mechanism of the osteoinductivity in more detail, we studied whether ionic extracts prepared from a commercial glass S53P4 and from three experimental glasses (2-06, 1-06 and 3-06) are alone sufficient to induce osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells. Cells were cultured using basic medium or osteogenic medium as extract basis. Our results indicate that cells stay viable in all the glass extracts for the whole culturing period, 14 days. At 14 days the mineralization in osteogenic medium extracts was excessive compared to the control. Parallel to the increased mineralization we observed a decrease in the cell amount. Raman and Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy analyses confirmed that the mineral consisted of calcium phosphates. Consistently, the osteogenic medium extracts also increased osteocalcin production and collagen Type-I accumulation in the extracellular matrix at 13 days. Of the four osteogenic medium extracts, 2-06 and 3-06 induced the best responses of osteogenesis. However, regardless of the enhanced mineral formation, alkaline phosphatase activity was not promoted by the extracts. The osteogenic medium extracts could potentially provide a fast and effective way to differentiate human adipose stem cells in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Adult Stem Cell Research Group, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; BioMediTech, University of Tampere and Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland; Science Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland. Electronic address: miina.ojansivu@uta.fi.
authors.forename: Miina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ojansivu
authors.affiliation: Adult Stem Cell Research Group, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; BioMediTech, University of Tampere and Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland; Science Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Sari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vanhatupa
authors.affiliation: Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Björkvik
authors.affiliation: Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Häkkänen
authors.affiliation: BioMediTech, University of Tampere and Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland; Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Minna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kellomäki
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Reija
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Autio
authors.affiliation: Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: Janne A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ihalainen
authors.affiliation: Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hupa
authors.affiliation: Adult Stem Cell Research Group, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; BioMediTech, University of Tampere and Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland; Science Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Science Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miettinen
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005898:Glass; D006801:Humans; D007477:Ions; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D007477:Ions
keywords: Bioactive glass; Bone tissue engineering; Mesenchymal stem cell; Mineralization; Osteogenic differentiation