title: Antibiotic susceptibility profiling and virulence potential of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from different sources in Pakistan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine antibiotic resistance patterns and virulence potential of Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) isolates from clinical human diarrheal infections, cattle and healthy broilers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antibiotic sensitivity patterns of C. jejuni isolates were determined by Kirby Bauer Disc Diffusion assay. These isolates were then subjected to virulence profiling for the detection of mapA (membrane-associated protein), cadF (fibronectin binding protein), wlaN (beta-l,3-galactosyltransferase) and neuAB (sialic acid biosynthesis gene). Further C. jejuni isolates were grouped by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 436 samples from poultry (n=88), cattle (n=216) and humans (n=132) from different locations were collected. Results revealed percentage of C. jejuni isolates were 35.2% (31/88), 25.0% (54/216) and 11.3% (15/132) among poultry, cattle and clinical human samples respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility results showed that similar resistance patterns to cephalothin was ie. 87.0%, 87.1% and 89%among humans, poultry and cattle respectively, followed by sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim 40.0%, 38.7% and 31.0% in humans, poultry and cattle and Ampicillin 40%, 32% and 20% in humans, poultry and cattle respectively. Beta-lactamase activity was detected in 40.00% humans, 20.37% cattle and 32.25% in poultry C. jejuni isolates. CadF and mapA were present in all poultry, cattle and human C. jejuni isolates, wlaN was not detected in any isolate and neuAB was found in 9/31 (36%) poultry isolates. RAPD profiling results suggested high diversity of C. jejuni isolates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Detection of multidrug resistant C. jejuni strains from poultry and cattle is alarming as they can be potential hazard to humans. Moreover, predominant association of virulence factors, cadF and mapA (100% each) in C. jejuni isolates from all sources and neuAB (36%) with poultry isolates suggest the potential source of transmission of diverse types of C. jejuni to humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road, 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Fariha Masood
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road, 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akram
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road, 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Nighat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Noureen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road, 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Zobia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Noreen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road, 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan. Electronic address: habib@comsats.edu.pk.
authors.forename: Habib
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bokhari
keywords: Antibiotic susceptibility; Campylobacter jejuni; PCR; RAPD; Virulence genes