title: Key aspects on the use of bone substitutes for bone regeneration of edentulous ridges.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the histological and clinical outcomes of the use of bone substitues in different oral bone regenerative procedures: socket preservation, immediate implant placement, lateral and vertical bone augmentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Histological animal studies and clinical trials regarding the performances of bone substitutes, either allogenic, xenogeneic or alloplastic, have been evaluated. Different procedures examined separately and evidence-based results were provided.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The use of deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) seems to be effective most clinical indications, due to their osteoconductivity, space maintenance characteristics and slow resorption. The combination of Hydroxyapatite and Beta Tricalcium Phospate (HA/TCP) has also reported similar histological evidence and clinical outcomes. The use of autogenous block grafts is still the method of choice in clinical situations in need of vertical bone augmentation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of bone substitutes is the standard of therapy in current modalities of lateral bone augmentation, mainly when used in conjunction with implant placement.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense of Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal, 28040 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: marsan@ucm.es.
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanz
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense of Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal, 28040 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: fabiovig@ucm.es.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vignoletti
mesh_terms: D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D001862:Bone Resorption; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D017886:Durapatite / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D057893:Immediate Dental Implant Loading; D007575:Jaw, Edentulous / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D017886:Durapatite; C018392:tricalcium phosphate
keywords: Bone regeneration; Bone substitutes