title: Whole genome sequencing of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from a patient in Lebanon.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The emergence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria is now a critical concern. The ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae constitutes one of the most common multidrug-resistant (MDR) groups of gram-negative bacteria involved in nosocomial infections worldwide. In this study we report on the molecular characterization through whole genome sequencing of an ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae strain, LAU-KP1, isolated from a stool sample from a patient admitted for a gastrointestinal procedure/surgery at the Lebanese Amrican University Medical Center-Rizk Hospital (LAUMCRH) in Lebanon.
  
  
  METHODS
  Illumina paired-end libraries were prepared and sequenced, which resulted in 4,220,969 high-quality reads. All sequence processing and assembly were performed using the A5 assembly pipeline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The initial assembly produced 86 contigs, for which no scaffolding was obtained. The final collection of contigs was submitted to GenBank. The final draft genome sequence consists of a combined 5,632,663 bases with 57% G+C content. Automated annotation was performed using the RAST annotation server. Sequencing analysis revealed that the isolate harbored different β-lactamase genes, including bla oxa-1, bla CTX-M-15, bla SHV-11, and bla TEM-1b. The isolate was also characterized by the concomitant presence of other resistance determinants most notably acc(6')-lb-cr and qnrb1. The entire plasmid content was also investigated and revealed homology with four major plasmids pKPN-IT, pBS512_2, pRSF1010_SL1344, and pKPN3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The potential role of K. pneumonia as a reservoir for ESBL genes and other resistance determinants is along with the presence of key factors that favor the spread of antimicrobial resistance a clear cause of concern and the problem that Carbapenem-non-susceptible ESBL isolates are posing in hospitals should be reconsidered through systematic exploration and molecular characterization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University Byblos, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Sima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tokajian
authors.affiliation: University of California Davis Genome Center Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Eisen
authors.affiliation: University of California Davis Genome Center Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jospin
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Lebanese American University Byblos, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farra
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University Byblos, Lebanon.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Coil
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D007710:Klebsiella Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007861:Lebanon; D008875:Middle Aged; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001618:beta-Lactamases
keywords: CTX-M-15; ESBL; Klebsiella pneumoniae; SHV-11; whole genome sequencing