title: Application of magnetic rods for fixation in orthopedic treatments.
abstract: Achieving an efficient fixation for complicated fractures and scaffold application treatments is a challenging surgery problem. Although many fixation approaches have been advanced and actively pursued, the optimal solution for long bone defects has not yet been defined. This paper promotes an innovative fixation method based on application of magnetic forces. The efficiency of this approach was investigated on the basis of finite element modeling for scaffold application and analytical calculations for diaphyseal fractures. Three different configurations have been analyzed including combinations of small cylindrical permanent magnets or stainless steel rods, inserted rigidly in the bone intramedullary canals and in the scaffold. It was shown that attractive forces as high as 75 N can be achieved. While these forces do not reach the strength of mechanical forces in traditional fixators, the employment of magnetic rods is expected to be beneficial by reducing considerably the interface micromotions. It can additionally support magneto-mechanical stimulations as well as enabling a magnetically assisted targeted delivery of drugs and other bio-agents.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomechanics and Technology Innovation, Laboratory of NanoBiotechnologies (NABI), Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Ugo Foscolo, 7, 40123 Bologna, Italy. Electronic address: t.shelyakova@biomec.ior.it.
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shelyakova
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomechanics and Technology Innovation, Laboratory of NanoBiotechnologies (NABI), Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; 2nd Clinic of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via Pupilli, 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomechanics and Technology Innovation, Laboratory of NanoBiotechnologies (NABI), Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Visani
authors.affiliation: Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentin Alek
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Dediu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomechanics and Technology Innovation, Laboratory of NanoBiotechnologies (NABI), Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Ugo Foscolo, 7, 40123 Bologna, Italy; 2nd Clinic of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via Pupilli, 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Maurilio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marcacci
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D016268:Internal Fixators; D008280:Magnetics; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures; D013193:Stainless Steel; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: D013193:Stainless Steel
keywords: Bone fixation; Computer simulation; Fracture treatments; Magnetic application; Magnetic forces; Scaffold fixation