title: Office paper platform for bioelectrochromic detection of electrochemically active bacteria using tungsten trioxide nanoprobes.
abstract: Electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) have the capability to transfer electrons to cell exterior, a feature that is currently explored for important applications in bioremediation and biotechnology fields. However, the number of isolated and characterized EAB species is still very limited regarding their abundance in nature. Colorimetric detection has emerged recently as an attractive mean for fast identification and characterization of analytes based on the use of electrochromic materials. In this work, WO3 nanoparticles were synthesized by microwave assisted hydrothermal synthesis and used to impregnate non-treated regular office paper substrates. This allowed the production of a paper-based colorimetric sensor able to detect EAB in a simple, rapid, reliable, inexpensive and eco-friendly method. The developed platform was then tested with Geobacter sulfurreducens, as a proof of concept. G. sulfurreducens cells were detected at latent phase with an RGB ratio of 1.10 ± 0.04, and a response time of two hours.
authors.affiliation: 1] Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, CENIMAT|I3N and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia - Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal [2] Departamento de Química, UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia - Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, CENIMAT|I3N and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia - Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: 1] Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, CENIMAT|I3N and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia - Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal [2] Departamento de Ciências da Vida, CIGMH, UCIBIO, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia - Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia - Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Dantas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, CENIMAT|I3N and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia - Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, CENIMAT|I3N and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia - Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, CENIMAT|I3N and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia - Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia - Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Salgueiro
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, CENIMAT|I3N and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia - Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fortunato
mesh_terms: D003124:Colorimetry; D045302:Geobacter / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008872:Microwaves; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D010209:Paper; D014414:Tungsten / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010087:Oxides; C511604:tungsten oxide; D014414:Tungsten