title: [Whiplash and oculomotor disorders: The pet peeve of the experts…].
abstract: Whiplash is a lay term combining all the complications of a cervical sprain or distortion associated with an extension. It may lead to cervical or back pain, but patients may also complain about functional visual impairment. These visual complaints: fixation disparity, heterophoria or convergence insufficiency, are frequently neglected and difficult to quantitate and treat. Establishing the relationship between the indirect cervical trauma and the visual signs may be challenging for the medical-legal expert and must include consideration of the previous oculomotor status of the patient.
authors.affiliation: Service d'ophtalmologie, Nouvel Hôpital civil, 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France. Electronic address: claude.speeg@chru-strasbourg.fr.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Speeg-Schatz
authors.affiliation: Service d'ophtalmologie, Nouvel Hôpital civil, 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gottenkiene
authors.affiliation: Institut de médecine légale, 11, rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg cedex, France.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Raul
authors.affiliation: Service d'ophtalmologie, Nouvel Hôpital civil, 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sauer
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles; D014911:Whiplash Injuries / Q000150:complications*
keywords: Convergence insufficiency; Disparité de fixation; Fixation disparity; Heterophoria; Hétérophorie; Insuffisance de convergence; Whiplash