title: The effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on inflammatory cytokines after acute spinal cord injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) on proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1ß and TNF-α, and explore its healing effect after acute spinal cord injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight male Wistar-Albino rats were used in this study which was planned as three groups. All groups were divided into two sub-groups. Group 1a was the control group, in which only lower segment thoracic laminectomy was performed. In group 1b, spinal cord trauma was performed with aneurysm clip. In the second group, serum physiologic was given systemically thirty minutes after trauma, and rats were sacrificed after the first and sixth hour. In the third group, CAPE was given systemically thirty minutes after trauma, and rats were sacrificed after the first and sixth hour. Serum IL-1ß and TNF-α levels were analyzed by ELISA in the serum. Histopathological analysis was performed in damaged cord tissues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CAPE suppressed TNF-α and IL-1ß levels in the serum. In histopathological evaluation, it was detected that CAPE decreased hemorrhage and necrosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CAPE suppresses the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-1ß, after acute spinal cord injury in the early phase and contributes to the healing process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Bozok University Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat, Turkey. nrsdrhakanak@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ak
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Medicine, Van, Turkey.
authors.forename: İsmail
authors.initials: İ
authors.lastname: Gülşen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tamer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karaaslan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey.
authors.forename: İlker
authors.initials: İ
authors.lastname: Alaca
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aydın
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Candan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biocehmistry, Dumlupınar University Faculty of Medicine, Kütahya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Havva
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koçak
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Bozok University Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tugay
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Atalay
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Turkey.
authors.forename: Asuman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Çelikbilek
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Van Regional Training and Teaching Hospital, Van, Turkey.
authors.forename: İsmail
authors.initials: İ
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tevfik
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yılmaz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002109:Caffeic Acids; D016207:Cytokines; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; C439524:TNF protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C055494:caffeic acid phenethyl ester; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol