title: Effect of intraoperative intravenous crystalloid infusion on post-operative nausea and vomiting after diagnostic gynaecological laparoscopy: Comparison of 30 ml/kg and 10 ml/kg and to report the effect of the menstrual cycle on the incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Primary To compare effect of 30 ml/kg and 10 ml/kg crystalloid infusion on post-operative nausea and vomiting after diagnostic gynaecological laparoscopy. Secondary To correlate incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting associated with different phases of menstrual cycle.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective, randomized, double blinded study was conducted in 200 patients [Group I - 10 ml.kg(-1) crystalloid infusion (n = 100) and Group II - 30 ml.kg(-1) crystalloid infusion (n = 100)] of ASA grades I/II, of either sex in the age group 20-40 years undergoing ambulatory gynaecological laparoscopic surgery. Both groups were compared with respect to post-operative nausea vomiting, hemodynamic parameters and incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting associated with different phases of menstrual cycle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data for categorical variables and continuous variables are presented as proportions and percentages and mean ± SD, respectively. For normally distributed continuous data, the Student t test was used to compare different groups. Categorical data were tested with the Fisher exact test. Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficients for data normally distributed and not normally distributed, respectively, were used to evaluate the relation between 2 variables. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first 4 h after anaesthesia, the cumulative incidence of nausea and vomiting in Group I was 66% as compared to 40% in Group II (P value = 0.036, *S). Anti-emetic use was less in the group II as compared to Group I (13% vs. 20%, P = 0.04). Female patients in the menstrual phase experienced nausea and vomiting in 89.48% of cases as compared to 58.33% and 24.24% during proliferative and secretory phases of menstrual cycle, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Gaurav
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Deepika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Madan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Kapil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Chandni
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kashyap
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Prashant
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Pavan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nayar
keywords: Ambulatory surgery; IV crystalloid; fluids; menstrual cycle; nausea and vomiting