title: Accelerated carbonation of different size fractions of MSW IBA and the effect on leaching.
abstract: Accelerated carbonation has been studied as a treatment method for MSW IBA, and the main advantage is that it can shorten the treatment duration from months to days, compared to natural weathering. This study investigated the effect of accelerated carbonation on different size fractions of IBA collected from two incineration plants in Singapore. The different size fractions were ground to <425μm to minimise the influence of morphological difference on carbonation efficiency from that of chemical and mineralogical differences. Total element content was carried out for IBA collected from both incineration plants and the different size fractions. XRD was also used to analyse the mineralogical composition of IBA. Results showed that the degree of carbonation decreased as the size increased, which in turn corresponded to decreasing total Ca content and portlandite phase. The leaching behaviour of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr and soluble constituents like DOC, Cl(-), and SO4(2-) were evaluated. It was found that carbonation resulted in the reduction of leaching of most constituents, except Cl(-) and SO4(2-). The reduction in leaching after carbonation can be attributed to the decrease in pH and formation of secondary minerals, rather than the precipitation of calcite. The research also suggested that since the leaching of soluble constituents from untreated IBA is mainly from the fine fractions and the fine fractions are more reactive to accelerated carbonation, size separation is beneficial in improving the carbonation efficiency and reducing the volume of IBA that needs to be treated, which can potentially reduce the treatment cost of IBA.
authors.affiliation: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Residue and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore. Electronic address: wylin1@e.ntu.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Wenlin Yvonne
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Residue and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore.
authors.forename: Kim Soon
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Heng
authors.affiliation: Residue and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore.
authors.forename: Xiaolong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Residue and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore. Electronic address: jywang@ntu.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Jing-Yuan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D060729:Coal Ash / Q000032:analysis*; D017745:Incineration; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D062611:Solid Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D060729:Coal Ash; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D062611:Solid Waste; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Accelerated carbonation; Heavy metal; Incineration bottom ash; Leaching; Municipal solid waste