title: Hypermethylation of glucocorticoid receptor gene promoter results in glucocorticoid receptor gene low expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: Our aim was to investigate the relationship between the DNA methylation status of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene promoter and mRNA expression level of GRα gene of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Fifteen newly emerging SLE patients and fifteen healthy controls were enrolled in this study. DNA and total RNA were extracted from the PBMCs of the SLE patients and healthy controls. The DNA methylation status of GR gene promoter 1 of PBMCs was detected through bisulfite-sequencing PCR. The mRNA expression of GRα, DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT3a, DNMT3b) and growth arrest, and DNA damage-induced 45α (GADD45α) of PBMCs was detected using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method. The mRNA expression of GRα was significantly declined in SLE patients, and the mRNA expression of DNMT1 and GADD45α was significantly elevated in SLE patients. The global methylation status of PBMCs in SLE patients was obviously lower than healthy controls. There were 38, 25, 30, and 49 CpG islands in amplified fragment of GR promoter 1D, 1E, 1F, and 1H, respectively. The overall mean methylation status of the 152 CpG islands of the four promoters was significantly elevated in SLE patients. There was a negative correlation between hypermethylation of GR promoter and GRα mRNA expression in SLE patients. This study demonstrated that hypermethylation of GRα promoter may result in GRα gene low expression in PBMCs of patients with SLE. This study also found that the global methylation status of PBMCs in SLE patients was obviously lower than healthy controls, and it was related to the elevated GADD45α mRNA expression in SLE patients. These conclusions have to be certified by larger-scale clinical studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hongbo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Junfen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Qiyang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shou
authors.forename: Lizong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hongzhen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Yongsheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018899:CpG Islands; D000076123:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000235:genetics*; D000090205:DNA Methyltransferase 3A; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult; D000097584:DNA Methyltransferase 3B; D000097642:GADD45 Proteins
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D000076123:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases; D000090205:DNA Methyltransferase 3A; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D000097584:DNA Methyltransferase 3B; C000717967:DNMT3A protein, human; C439070:GADD45A protein, human; D000097642:GADD45 Proteins; C497713:NR3C1 protein, human; C000619380:DNMT1 protein, human