title: Experimental study on cryotherapy for fungal corneal ulcer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fungal corneal ulcer is one of the major causes of visual impairment worldwide. Treatment of fungal corneal ulcer mainly depends on anti-fungal agents. In the current study, we developed an integrated combination therapy of cryotherapy and anti-fungal agents to facilitate effective treatment of fungal corneal ulcer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rabbit models of cornea infection were established using a combined method of intrastromal injection and keratoplasty. After treatment with cryotherapy and anti-fungal agents, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and confocal microscopy were conducted to observe changes in microstructure in the rabbits. Periodic acid Schiff A and hematoxylin and eosin staining were used for detection of histological changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Continuous scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy observations showed that cryothermal treatment inhibited growth of fungal mycelium by destroying fungal cellular structures. Typical cryotherapy was effective in curing fungal corneal ulcer. Different fungi showed different susceptibilities to treatment. The curative effect of Candida albicans was the best, while that of Aspergillus fumigates was the worst.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study provides a novel method of a combination of cryotherapy and anti-fungal agents for treatment of fungal corneal ulcer. This treatment could help facilitate the practice of fungal keratitis treatment in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110840, China. shuchiwsw@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yingxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Dalian Medical University, 9 West Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China. 617406598@qq.com.
authors.forename: Weijia
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110840, China. gaominghong2014@163.com.
authors.forename: Minghong
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arizona, Arizona Health Sciences Center, 655 N. AlvernonWay, Suite 108, Tucson, AZ, 85711, USA. mwbelinlai@aol.com.
authors.forename: Michael Wellington
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Belin
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110840, China. 544285625@qq.com.
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110840, China. sunny-yang1987@163.com.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003315:Cornea / Q000382:microbiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003320:Corneal Ulcer / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D017679:Cryotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015821:Eye Infections, Fungal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011817:Rabbits; D016896:Treatment Outcome