title: Features of developmental coordination disorder in active childhood epilepsy: a population-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide data on parent-reported features of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and describe neurobehavioural comorbidity in children with epilepsy and DCD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-five (74% of those eligible) children (44 males, 41 females; age range 5-15y) with active childhood epilepsy (an epileptic seizure in the last year and/or currently taking antiepileptic drugs) in a population-based cohort underwent comprehensive multidisciplinary assessment. The DCD Questionnaire (DCD-Q) was completed by parents (n=69) of children with an IQ>34, of whom 56 did not have cerebral palsy (CP), and were considered for a diagnosis of DCD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of those considered for a DCD diagnosis, 16 (29%) met DSM-IV-TR criteria whereas 34 (61%) scored in the at-risk range on the DCD-Q. The sensitivity of the DCD-Q was 100% (95% CI 76-100) and specificity was 55% (95% CI 39-70). Significant predictors of higher scores on the DCD-Q included the presence of autism spectrum disorder, CP, and early seizure onset. Increasing age and IQ were independently associated with higher DCD-Q scores. Intellectual disability, attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder, academic underachievement, and specific memory problems were the most common neurobehavioural difficulties in those with both DCD and epilepsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parent-reported symptoms of DCD are very common in childhood epilepsy. The DCD-Q has good sensitivity but lower specificity in this population.
authors.affiliation: Research Department, Young Epilepsy, Lingfield, Surrey, UK.|Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reilly
authors.affiliation: Child Development Centre, Crawley Hospital, Crawley; West Sussex, UK.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Atkinson
authors.affiliation: Research Department, Young Epilepsy, Lingfield, Surrey, UK.|Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Krishna B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, Edinburgh Neurosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Richard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.affiliation: Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Aylett
authors.affiliation: Research Department, Young Epilepsy, Lingfield, Surrey, UK.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Burch
authors.affiliation: Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gillberg
authors.affiliation: Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK.|College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
authors.forename: Rod C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.affiliation: Research Department, Young Epilepsy, Lingfield, Surrey, UK.
authors.forename: Brian G R
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Neville
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018672:Community Health Planning; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires