title: [Research on dynamic accumulation of nine ginsenosides and two pseudo-ginsenosides of Panax quinquefolium root of different growth years and harvest months in Canada].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To research the dynamic accumulation of ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rg2, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, Rd, Rg3 and pseudo-ginsenosides F11,RT5, which was grown from one- to five-year-old and harvested from May to September of Panax quinquefolium root in Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  RP-HPLC-ELSD was adopted. The analysis was performed on a Dimaonsil C18 (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column, the mobile phase was acetonitrile (A)-deionized water (B) in gradient elution mode. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and column temperature was set at 30 °C. The carrier gas was nitrogen with flow rate of 2.8 L/min, the drift tube temperature was 100 °C, and the injection volume was 10 μL. The principle component analysis and cluster analysis of SPSS software (version 19.0) were conducted for the data analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The RP-HPLC-ELSD method for determining simultaneously nine ginsenosides and two pseudo-ginsenosides was established. The total content of ginsenosides of one- to two-year-old was low and increased from May to September in each year. That of three- to five-year-old declined from June to July and increased from August, and was the highest in September of three- to five-year-old samples. The total content from September of three-year-old samples was similar. The content of nine ginsenosides and two pseudo-ginsenosides was relatively high in all the samples except ginsenoside Rc, which wasn't determined in some samples. The ginsenosides Rd, Rb3 and pseudo-ginsenoside F11 were higher than others. The principle component analysis results showed that ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, Rg3 and pseudo-ginsenosides F11,RT5 could be the characteristic ginsenosides of Panax quinquefolium root in Canada. The cluster analysis indicated that the chemical constituent and dynamic accumulation of ginsenosides of one- to two-year-old was similar except the sample of July of four-year-old and there was no obvious difference of three- to five-year-old.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the consideration of the content of ginsenoside, cultivation cost of four- to five-year-old, and risk of waterlogging and plant diseases, it is suggested that Panax quinquefolium root from September of three-year-old can be regarded as the same quality.
authors.forename: Yun-zhang
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Jing-xia
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xiao-yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D002170:Canada; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000737:chemistry*; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis
chemical_list: D036145:Ginsenosides; C044462:ginsenoside Rc; C035054:ginsenoside Rg1; C049863:ginsenoside Rd