title: Degradation and mineralization of Bisphenol A (BPA) in aqueous solution using advanced oxidation processes: UV/H2O2 and UV/S2O8(2-) oxidation systems.
abstract: This work reports on the removal and mineralization of an endocrine disrupting chemical, Bisphenol A (BPA) at a concentration of 0.22 mM in aqueous solution using inorganic oxidants (hydrogen peroxide, H2O2 and sodium persulfate, Na2S2O8;S2O8(2-)) under UV irradiation at a wavelength of 254 nm and 40 W power (Io = 1.26 × 10(-6) E s(-1)) at its natural pH and a temperature of 29 ± 3 °C. With an optimum persulfate concentration of 1.26 mM, the UV/S2O8(2-) process resulted in ∼95% BPA removal after 240 min of irradiation. The optimum BPA removal was found to be ∼85% with a H2O2 concentration of 11.76 mM. At higher concentrations, either of the oxidants showed an adverse effect because of the quenching of the hydroxyl or sulfate radicals in the BPA solution. The sulfate-based oxidation process could be used over a wider initial pH range of 3-12, but the hydroxyl radical-based oxidation of BPA should be carried out in the acidic pH range only. The water matrix components (bicarbonate, chloride and humic acid) showed higher scavenging effect in hydroxyl radical-based oxidation than that in the sulfate radical-based oxidation of BPA. UV/S2O8(2-) oxidation system utilized less energy (307 kWh/m(3)) EE/O in comparison to UV/H2O2 system (509 kWh/m(3)) under optimum operating conditions. The cost of UV irradiation far outweighed the cost of the oxidants in the process. However, the total cost of treatment of persulfate-based system was much lower than that of H2O2-based oxidation system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
authors.forename: Jyoti
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India. Electronic address: immishra49@gmail.com.
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
authors.forename: Vineet
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D001639:Bicarbonates; D002712:Chlorides; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000737:chemistry*; D006812:Humic Substances; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000528:radiation effects; D010083:Oxidants, Photochemical / Q000528:radiation effects; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D017670:Sodium Compounds / Q000528:radiation effects; D013431:Sulfates / Q000528:radiation effects; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D001639:Bicarbonates; D002712:Chlorides; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D006812:Humic Substances; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D010083:Oxidants, Photochemical; D010636:Phenols; D017670:Sodium Compounds; D013431:Sulfates; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C024625:sodium persulfate; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Cost analysis; Electrical energy per order; Humic acid; Peroxide; Persulfate