title: Videogame-based group therapy to improve self-awareness and social skills after traumatic brain injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study determines the feasibility of different approaches to integrative videogame-based group therapy for improving self-awareness, social skills, and behaviors among traumatic brain injury (TBI) victims and retrieves participant feedback.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two adult TBI survivors were included in a longitudinal study with a pre- and post-assessments. The experimental intervention involved weekly one-hour sessions conducted over six months. Participants were assessed using the Self-Awareness Deficits Interview (SADI), Patient Competency Rating Scale (PCRS), the Social Skills Scale (SSS), the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe), the System Usability Scale (SUS). Pearson's chi-squared test (χ (2)) was applied to determine the percentage of participants who had changed their clinical classification in these tests. Feedback of the intervention was collected through the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  SADI results showed an improvement in participant perceptions of deficits (χ (2) = 5.25, p < 0.05), of their implications (χ (2) = 4.71, p < 0.05), and of long-term planning (χ (2) = 7.86, p < 0.01). PCRS results confirm these findings (χ (2) = 5.79, p < 0.05). SSS results were also positive with respect to social skills outcomes (χ (2) = 17.52, p < 0.01), and FrSBe results showed behavioral improvements (χ (2) = 34.12, p < 0.01). Participants deemed the system accessible (80.43 ± 8.01 out of 100) and regarded the intervention as interesting and useful (5.74 ± 0.69 out of 7).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Integrative videogame-based group therapy can improve self-awareness, social skills, and behaviors among individuals with chronic TBI, and the approach is considered effective and motivating.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación en Bioingeniería y Tecnología Orientada al Ser Humano, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain. rllorens@labhuman.com.|Servicio de Neurorrehabilitación y Daño Cerebral de los Hospitales NISA, Fundación Hospitales NISA, Río Tajo 1, 46011, Valencia, Spain. rllorens@labhuman.com.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Llorens
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neurorrehabilitación y Daño Cerebral de los Hospitales NISA, Fundación Hospitales NISA, Río Tajo 1, 46011, Valencia, Spain. enoe@comv.es.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Noé
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neurorrehabilitación y Daño Cerebral de los Hospitales NISA, Fundación Hospitales NISA, Río Tajo 1, 46011, Valencia, Spain. joan@neurorhb.com.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferri
authors.affiliation: Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación en Bioingeniería y Tecnología Orientada al Ser Humano, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain. malcaniz@labhuman.com.|Ciber, Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, CB06/03 Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Univesity of Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón, Spain. malcaniz@labhuman.com.
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alcañiz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011615:Psychotherapy, Group / Q000379:methods*; D066107:Social Skills; D018910:Video Games; D055815:Young Adult