title: Posterior choroidal leiomyoma: a rare case report and literature review.
abstract: We report a literature review and detailed evaluation of a rare case of posterior choroidal leiomyoma to emphasize the importance of differentiating this from other choroidal tumors. A 30-year-old male presented with variable blurred vision in his right eye secondary to a choroidal tumor. Clinical examinations were performed including fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, B scans, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Preoperative examination revealed a suspected choroidal melanoma and enucleation was performed. However, a definitive diagnosis of choroidal leiomyoma was made following postoperative pathological light microscopy and immunohistochemical studies. Published case reports were collected and the common characteristics and distinctive features were compared with the current case. Posterior choroidal leiomyoma was summarized from the literature, and beneficial information for diagnosis and treatment was obtained. In conclusion, posterior choroidal leiomyoma is rare and should be differentiated from amelanotic melanomas. Despite the benign nature, an explanation regarding the rare incidence and difficult diagnosis of posterior choroidal leiomyoma must be provided to patients, prior to enucleation or detrimental treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wei-Yu
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jui-Wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: I-Hui
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsi-Kung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kuo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002830:Choroid Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014604:Uveal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D000098943:Uveal Melanoma
keywords: Choroidal leiomyoma; choroidal tumor; smooth muscle tumor