title: Bubble-detector measurements of neutron radiation in the international space station: ISS-34 to ISS-37.
abstract: Bubble detectors have been used to characterise the neutron dose and energy spectrum in several modules of the International Space Station (ISS) as part of an ongoing radiation survey. A series of experiments was performed during the ISS-34, ISS-35, ISS-36 and ISS-37 missions between December 2012 and October 2013. The Radi-N2 experiment, a repeat of the 2009 Radi-N investigation, included measurements in four modules of the US orbital segment: Columbus, the Japanese experiment module, the US laboratory and Node 2. The Radi-N2 dose and spectral measurements are not significantly different from the Radi-N results collected in the same ISS locations, despite the large difference in solar activity between 2009 and 2013. Parallel experiments using a second set of detectors in the Russian segment of the ISS included the first characterisation of the neutron spectrum inside the tissue-equivalent Matroshka-R phantom. These data suggest that the dose inside the phantom is ∼70% of the dose at its surface, while the spectrum inside the phantom contains a larger fraction of high-energy neutrons than the spectrum outside the phantom. The phantom results are supported by Monte Carlo simulations that provide good agreement with the empirical data.
authors.affiliation: Bubble Technology Industries, PO Box 100, Chalk River, ON, Canada K0J 1J0 smithm@bubbletech.ca.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 76A Khoroshevskoe sh., Moscow 123007, Russia RSC-Energia, 4A Lenin str., Korolev, Moscow Region 141070, Russia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khulapko
authors.affiliation: Bubble Technology Industries, PO Box 100, Chalk River, ON, Canada K0J 1J0.
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 76A Khoroshevskoe sh., Moscow 123007, Russia.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Arkhangelsky
authors.affiliation: Bubble Technology Industries, PO Box 100, Chalk River, ON, Canada K0J 1J0.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ing
authors.affiliation: Bubble Technology Industries, PO Box 100, Chalk River, ON, Canada K0J 1J0.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Koslowksy
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Energy Systems and Nuclear Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, ON, Canada L1H 7K4.
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Energy Systems and Nuclear Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, ON, Canada L1H 7K4.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Machrafi
authors.affiliation: RSC-Energia, 4A Lenin str., Korolev, Moscow Region 141070, Russia.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nikolaev
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 76A Khoroshevskoe sh., Moscow 123007, Russia.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Shurshakov
mesh_terms: D003359:Cosmic Radiation; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D009502:Neutrons; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D012426:Russia; D018531:Spacecraft