title: The Redox Code.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  The redox code is a set of principles that defines the positioning of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD, NADP) and thiol/disulfide and other redox systems as well as the thiol redox proteome in space and time in biological systems. The code is richly elaborated in an oxygen-dependent life, where activation/deactivation cycles involving O₂ and H₂O₂ contribute to spatiotemporal organization for differentiation, development, and adaptation to the environment. Disruption of this organizational structure during oxidative stress represents a fundamental mechanism in system failure and disease.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Methodology in assessing components of the redox code under physiological conditions has progressed, permitting insight into spatiotemporal organization and allowing for identification of redox partners in redox proteomics and redox metabolomics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complexity of redox networks and redox regulation is being revealed step by step, yet much still needs to be learned.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Detailed knowledge of the molecular patterns generated from the principles of the redox code under defined physiological or pathological conditions in cells and organs will contribute to understanding the redox component in health and disease. Ultimately, there will be a scientific basis to a modern redox medicine.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Medicine, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia .
authors.forename: Dean P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: 2 Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany .|3 Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany .
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sies
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004220:Disulfides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D055432:Metabolomics; D009243:NAD / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D020543:Proteome / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004220:Disulfides; D020543:Proteome; D009243:NAD; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D010100:Oxygen