title: Diurnal drooling in Chinese patients with Parkinson's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to explore the prevalence and clinical correlates of diurnal drooling in Chinese patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional analysis of 518 Chinese patients with PD was conducted. Each subject was categorized as a diurnal "drooler" or a "non-drooler" using the Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and twenty-one (23.4%) patients exhibited diurnal drooling. Diurnal drooling was reported more frequently in male and late-onset PD patients (p<0.05). The levodopa equivalent daily doses, mean age and disease duration, the percentages of PD family history and levodopa or entacapone use, the incidences of dysarthria, dysphagia and fluctuation, and the Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS) part III, NMSS, Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and PD Questionnaire 39 (PDQ-39) scores in droolers were significantly greater than in non-droolers (p<0.05). The percentage of benzhexol use in non-droolers was significantly higher than in droolers (p<0.05). The Frontal assessment battery (FAB) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores were not different between the droolers and non-droolers. The forward binary logistic regression model indicated that dysarthria, male sex, age, UPDRS part III, sexual dysfunction and a family history of PD were associated with diurnal drooling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diurnal drooling is a relatively common debilitating symptom in Chinese PD patients. It is not only related to male sex, age, dysarthria and PD family history, but also correlates with motor and non-motor severity especially sexual dysfunction of PD. However, it is not related to cognition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Ruwei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Qianqian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Bei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Bi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Xueping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. Electronic address: hfshang2002@126.com.
authors.forename: Huifang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology; D044466:Asian People; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012798:Sialorrhea / Q000209:etiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Age; Diurnal drooling; Dysarthria; Male; PD family history; Parkinson's disease