title: Nocturia: Current Levels of Evidence and Recommendations From the International Consultation on Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate published evidence on nocturia in men and derive expert recommendations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The International Consultations on Urological Diseases-Société Internationale d'Urologie convened a Consultation of experts on male lower urinary tract symptoms. The Consultation assigned standardized levels of evidence and grades of recommendation to various studies of nocturia epidemiology, pathophysiology, assessment, and treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Evidence review and consensus recommendations were made in the areas of epidemiology, pathophysiology, assessment, and treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The review presents a condensed summary of the International Consultations on Urological Diseases-Société Internationale d'Urologie evaluation of nocturia, which offers contemporaneous expert consensus on this topic, with an assessment algorithm emphasizing the potential contribution of systemic conditions to the symptom.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY.
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY.
authors.forename: Dima
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Raskolnikov
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marco H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Blanker
authors.affiliation: University of Bristol and Bristol Urological Institute, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Hashim
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hashim
authors.affiliation: New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA.
authors.forename: Varant
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kupelian
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Departments of Urology and Public Health, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Kari A O
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Tikkinen
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.affiliation: University of Bristol and Bristol Urological Institute, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom. Electronic address: marcus.drake@bui.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Marcus J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Drake
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY.
authors.forename: Jeffrey P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D053158:Nocturia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic