title: Overexpression of Endothelin-1 Leads to More Severe Pulmonary Complex Vascular Lesions Associated with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite increase in survival of HIV patients due to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), non-infectious complications are still prevalent such as presentation of lung vasculopathy, even in asymptomatic patients. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor that causes pulmonary vasculopathy. Participation of this protein in the pulmonary circulation in HIV patients has not been elucidated. In this work we studied the presence and expression of ET-1 in pulmonary complex vascular lesions associated with human immunodeficiency virus (PCVL/HIV).
  
  
  METHODS
  We used immunohistochemistry and immunochemiluminescence (imagej) to determine the different degrees of expression of ET-1 in PCVL/HIV in comparison with non-PCVL/HIV. Reagents used were anti-endothelin-1 and an automated system. All data are presented as mean and standard deviation (SD). Differences were analyzed with one-way ANOVA; p < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lung tissues from 56 patients who died from complications of HIV pulmonary infection and with PCVL were studied. Histological evidence of pulmonary vasculopathy was shown as different types (proliferative, obliterative and plexiform). A statistically significant increase in ET-1 expression was observed in all PCVL/HIV tissue samples and is associated directly with different grades of severity of endothelial dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ET-1 has a relevant role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary vasculopathy in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. It is necessary to determine in the future the participation of ET-1 and other mechanisms involved in PCVL/HIV.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Crítica, Centro de Investigacion en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, México, D.F., México. Electronic address: sandovalgutierrez@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jose Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Sandoval-Gutierrez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigacion en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Silverio
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigacion en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: Rosa Maria
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Rivera-Rosales
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Virología y Bioinformática, Centro de Investigacion en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sevilla-Reyes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigacion en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: Francisco Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Flores-Murrieta
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Reumatología, Centro de Investigacion en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rojas-Serrano
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Centro de Investigacion en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reyes-Teran
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D000328:Adult; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000473:pathology; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1
keywords: Endothelin; Human immunodeficiency virus; Pulmonary circulation