title: Differential HIV risk for racial/ethnic minority trans*female youths and socioeconomic disparities in housing, residential stability, and education.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined HIV prevalence and risk behaviors of 282 trans*female youths aged 16 to 24 years participating in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, SHINE study from 2012 to 2013 to determine differences between racial/ethnic minority and White youths.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted the χ(2) test to determine distributional differences between racial/ethnic minority and White participants in sociodemographic factors, HIV-related risk behaviors, and syndemic factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the trans*female youths, 4.8% were HIV positive. Racial/ethnic minority and White trans*female youths differed significantly in gender identity and sexual orientation. Racial/ethnic minority youths also had significantly lower educational attainment, were less likely to have lived with their parents of origin as a child, and were significantly more likely to engage in recent condomless anal intercourse than were Whites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Efforts to assess the impact of multiple-minority stress on racial/minority trans*female youths are needed imminently, and prevention efforts must address macrolevel disparities for trans*female youths, especially those from racial/ethnic minority groups, to reduce these disparities and prevent incident cases of HIV.
authors.affiliation: All of the authors are with the San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Erin C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Yea-Hung
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arayasirikul
authors.forename: Marla
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: W Andres
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Pomart
authors.forename: Victory
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: H Fisher
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Raymond
authors.forename: Willi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: McFarland
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology*; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D044469:Racial Groups; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012495:San Francisco / Q000453:epidemiology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D063106:Transgender Persons; D047568:Unsafe Sex