title: When Is EEG Indicated in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder?
abstract: The authors investigated the parameters for predicting epileptiform abnormalities in a group of children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The sample consisted of 148 subjects aged between 6 and 13 (8.76 ± 1.26; 25.7% female) years. Subtypes of ADHD and comorbid psychiatric disorders were defined according to DSM-IV criteria. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised was applied to all patients. Most of the subjects (89.2%) had wakefulness and sleep electroencephalography examinations lasting about one hour. The authors found out that the coexistence of speech sound disorder (odds ratio [OR] 3.90, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.61-9.48) and higher Digit Span test performance (OR 1.24, 95% CI: 1.06-1.44) predicted the presence of accompanying epileptiform abnormalities. The prevalence of epileptiform abnormalities was 26.4%, and they were frequently localized in the frontal (41%) and centrotemporal (28.2%) regions. Higher percentage of speech sound disorder co-occurrence (64%) in subjects with rolandic spikes suggests that epileptiform abnormalities associated with ADHD can be determined genetically at least in some cases. Pathophysiology of epileptiform abnormalities in ADHD might have complex genetic and maturational background.
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Istanbul, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey s.zaimoglu@hotmail.com szaimoglu@marmara.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Sennur
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zaimoğlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Neurology, Medical School, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Dilşad
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Türkdoğan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medical Research, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Betül
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mazlum
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Medical School, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nural
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bekiroğlu
authors.affiliation: Foundation Development Year Psychological Counseling Center, School of Languages, Sabancı University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aylin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tetik-Kabil
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech and Language Therapy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Seda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eyilikeder
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008297:Male; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D015995:Prevalence
keywords: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; digit span; epileptiform abnormalities; rolandic spikes; speech-sound disorder