title: Incidental extraction of a temporary epicardial pacemaker wire with right ventricular perforation during endomyocardial biopsy: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Right ventricular perforation during endomyocardial biopsy is an unusual, although potentially life-threatening, complication caused with the tip of the bioptome. The majority of perforations in heart transplant patients can be managed without surgery owing to adhesions nearly obliterating pericardial space.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a case of heart transplant patient who suffered right ventricular perforation as a consequence of incidental extraction of a temporary epicardial pacemaker wire during a routine endomyocardial biopsy sampling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The patient suffered no clinical consequences.
authors.affiliation: University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. Electronic address: bskoric3@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Skoric
authors.affiliation: University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Samardzic
authors.affiliation: University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cikes
authors.affiliation: University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Baricevic
authors.affiliation: University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jurin
authors.affiliation: University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ljubas-Macek
authors.affiliation: University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Milicic
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects; D004699:Endocardium / Q000473:pathology; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial