title: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for motor recovery of the upper limb after stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation changes excitability of the motor cortex and it has hereby the potential to modulate changes in neural processing which impede motor recovery after stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  This chapter presents an up-to-day systematic review of the treatment effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in promoting motor recovery of the affected upper limb after stroke.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-seven trials were included in the analysis. The selected studies involved a total of 871 stroke subjects. All stimulation protocols pride on interhemispheric imbalance model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  rTMS enhances motor recovery of the affected hand after stroke; however, the data available until today is too limited to support its routine use.
authors.affiliation: HELIOS Klinik Kipfenberg, Kipfenberg, Germany. Electronic address: jpodubec@post.cz.
authors.forename: Jitka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lüdemann-Podubecká
authors.affiliation: HELIOS Klinik Kipfenberg, Kipfenberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bösl
authors.affiliation: HELIOS Klinik Kipfenberg, Kipfenberg, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Philips University, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Dennis Alexander
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Nowak
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D039781:PubMed / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D020521:Stroke / Q000628:therapy*; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: motor recovery; repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; stroke; upper limb