title: Epidemiology of Acute Hepatitis B in the United States From Population-Based Surveillance, 2006-2011.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An estimated 20 000 new hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections occur each year in the United States. We describe the results of enhanced surveillance for acute hepatitis B at 7 federally funded sites over a 6-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Health departments in Colorado, Connecticut, Minnesota, Oregon, Tennessee, 34 counties in New York state, and New York City were supported to conduct enhanced, population-based surveillance for acute HBV from 2006 through 2011. Demographic and risk factor data were collected on symptomatic cases using a standardized form. Serum samples from a subset of cases were also obtained for molecular analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 6-year period, 2220 acute hepatitis B cases were reported from the 7 sites. For all sites combined, the incidence rate of HBV infection declined by 19%, but in Tennessee incidence increased by 90%, mainly among persons of white race/ethnicity and those aged 40-49 years. Of all reported cases, 66.1% were male, 57.1% were white, 58.4% were aged 30-49 years, and 60.1% were born in the United States. The most common risk factor identified was any drug use, notably in Tennessee; healthcare exposure was also frequently reported. The most common genotype for all reported cases was HBV genotype A (82%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite an overall decline in HBV infection, attributable to successful vaccination programs, a rise in incident HBV infection related to drug use is an increasing concern in some localities.
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Kashif
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: R Monina
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Klevens
authors.affiliation: Tennessee Department of Health, Nashville.
authors.forename: Marion A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kainer
authors.affiliation: New York Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baumgartner
authors.affiliation: Connecticut Department of Public Health, Hartford.
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gerard
authors.affiliation: Oregon Health Authority, Portland.
authors.forename: Tasha
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Poissant
authors.affiliation: Minnesota Department of Health, Minneapolis.
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sweet
authors.affiliation: Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver.
authors.forename: Candace
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vonderwahl
authors.affiliation: New York State Department of Public Health, Albany.
authors.forename: Tracey
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Knickerbocker
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Yury
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Khudyakov
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Guo-Liang
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Eyasu
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Teshale
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D003710:Demography; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: drug use; genotype; hepatitis B; incidence; surveillance