title: Electrochemical atomic force microscopy imaging of redox-immunomarked proteins on native potyviruses: from subparticle to single-protein resolution.
abstract: We show herein that electrochemical atomic force microscopy (AFM-SECM), operated in molecule touching (Mt) mode and combined with redox immunomarking, enables the in situ mapping of the distribution of proteins on individual virus particles and makes localization of individual viral proteins possible. Acquisition of a topography image allows isolated virus particles to be identified and structurally characterized, while simultaneous acquisition of a current image allows the sought after protein, marked by redox antibodies, to be selectively located. We concomitantly show that Mt/AFM-SECM, due to its single-particle resolution, can also uniquely reveal the way redox functionalization endowed to viral particles is distributed both statistically among the viruses and spatially over individual virus particles. This possibility makes Mt/AFM-SECM a unique tool for viral nanotechnology.
authors.affiliation: †Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité Mixte de Recherche Université, CNRS No 7591, Bâtiment Lavoisier, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75205 Cedex 13 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nault
authors.affiliation: †Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité Mixte de Recherche Université, CNRS No 7591, Bâtiment Lavoisier, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75205 Cedex 13 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Cécilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Taofifenua
authors.affiliation: †Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité Mixte de Recherche Université, CNRS No 7591, Bâtiment Lavoisier, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75205 Cedex 13 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Agnès
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anne
authors.affiliation: †Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité Mixte de Recherche Université, CNRS No 7591, Bâtiment Lavoisier, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75205 Cedex 13 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chovin
authors.affiliation: †Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité Mixte de Recherche Université, CNRS No 7591, Bâtiment Lavoisier, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75205 Cedex 13 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Demaille
authors.affiliation: ‡UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA-Université Bordeaux 2, 71 av. Edouard Bourlaux, 20032-33882 Cedex Villenave d'Ornon, France.|§Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 11, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Besong-Ndika
authors.affiliation: ‡UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA-Université Bordeaux 2, 71 av. Edouard Bourlaux, 20032-33882 Cedex Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cardinale
authors.affiliation: ‡UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA-Université Bordeaux 2, 71 av. Edouard Bourlaux, 20032-33882 Cedex Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors.forename: Noëlle
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Carette
authors.affiliation: ‡UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA-Université Bordeaux 2, 71 av. Edouard Bourlaux, 20032-33882 Cedex Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Michon
authors.affiliation: ‡UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA-Université Bordeaux 2, 71 av. Edouard Bourlaux, 20032-33882 Cedex Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors.forename: Jocelyne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walter
mesh_terms: D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004563:Electrochemistry; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force / Q000379:methods*; D064347:Microscopy, Electrochemical, Scanning; D036103:Nanotechnology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D017800:Potyvirus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014771:Virion / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; D006046:Gold
keywords: electrochemical atomic force microscopy; electrochemistry; functional nanosystems; potyvirus; virus imaging; virus nanocarriers