title: Digestive enzyme activities are higher in the shortfin mako shark, Isurus oxyrinchus, than in ectothermic sharks as a result of visceral endothermy.
abstract: Lamnid sharks are regionally endothermic fishes that maintain visceral temperatures elevated above the ambient water temperature. Visceral endothermy is thought to increase rates of digestion and food processing and allow thermal niche expansion. We tested the hypothesis that, at in vivo temperatures, the endothermic shortfin mako shark, Isurus oxyrinchus, has higher specific activities of three digestive enzymes-gastric pepsin and pancreatic trypsin and lipase-than the thresher shark, Alopias vulpinus, and the blue shark, Prionace glauca, neither of which can maintain elevated visceral temperatures. Homogenized stomach or pancreas tissue obtained from sharks collected by pelagic longline was incubated at both 15 and 25 °C, at saturating substrate concentrations, to quantify tissue enzymatic activity. The mako had significantly higher enzyme activities at 25 °C than did the thresher and blue sharks at 15 °C. This difference was not a simple temperature effect, because at 25 °C the mako had higher trypsin activity than the blue shark and higher activities for all enzymes than the thresher shark. We also hypothesized that the thermal coefficient, or Q 10 value, would be higher for the mako shark than for the thresher and blue sharks because of its more stable visceral temperature. However, the mako and thresher sharks had similar Q 10 values for all enzymes, perhaps because of their closer phylogenetic relationship. The higher in vivo digestive enzyme activities in the mako shark should result in higher rates of food processing and may represent a selective advantage of regional visceral endothermy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, 800 N. State College Blvd, Fullerton, CA, 92834, USA.
authors.forename: Kyle C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wraith
authors.forename: Kathryn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Dickson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation; D008049:Lipase / Q000378:metabolism; D010179:Pancreas / Q000201:enzymology*; D010434:Pepsin A / Q000378:metabolism; D012754:Sharks / Q000502:physiology*; D013270:Stomach / Q000201:enzymology*; D014357:Trypsin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008049:Lipase; D014357:Trypsin; D010434:Pepsin A