title: Lipid metabolism and inflammation modulated by Vitamin D in liver of diabetic rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In recent years, much evidence suggested that vitamin D plays an important role in decreasing the risk of type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether 1, 25 (OH) 2D3 can modulate inflammation and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic rat liver.
  
  
  METHODS
  Type 2 diabetes was induced in SD rat with high-fat and high-sugar diets and multiple low-dose streptozotocin. The levels of serum calcium, phosphorus, glucose, TC, TG, AST, ALT and hepatic TG were determined. H & E staining were performed to assess the effects of vitamin D treatment on pathological changes in the liver tissues. Immunohistology, real-time PCR and Western blot were used to evaluate the expressions of NF-κ B, MCP-1, ICAM-1, TGF-β1, PPAR-α and CPT-1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The administration of 1, 25 (OH) 2D3 reduced liver weight. Compared to DM rats, 1, 25 (OH) 2D3-treated DM rats had lower liver weight. Moreover, compared to healthy or 1, 25 (OH) 2D3-treated DM rats, DM rats had increased hepatic transcription factors (NF-κ B), monocyte chemoattractant protein -1 (MCP-1), intercellular adhesion molecule -1 (ICAM-1), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expressions, but had fewer hepatic PPAR- α and CPT-1 expressions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1, 25 (OH) 2D3 significantly modulated the liver inflammation and lipid metabolism in diabetic rat models, which may be caused by its regulations on hepatic signaling NF-κ B pathway and PPAR- α.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinolog, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137 Liyushannan Road, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, China. xch623@126.com.
authors.forename: Conghua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinolog, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137 Liyushannan Road, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, China. 2559435673@qq.com.
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, China. xx_1112@sina.cn.
authors.forename: Guodong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinolog, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137 Liyushannan Road, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, China. cbd_xj@sina.cn.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinolog, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137 Liyushannan Road, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, China. lf_1112@sina.cn.
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinolog, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137 Liyushannan Road, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, China. yyn_1112@sina.cn.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinolog, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137 Liyushannan Road, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, China. mx_1112@sina.cn.
authors.forename: Yongtao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinolog, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137 Liyushannan Road, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, China. zhujun6677@163.com.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase / Q000032:analysis; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000032:analysis; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000032:analysis; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000032:analysis; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C491766:Ccl2 protein, rat; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D016328:NF-kappa B; D047493:PPAR alpha; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D014807:Vitamin D; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase