title: Cutaneous Malignant Neoplasms in Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hematopoietic cell transplantation has increased the survival of patients with several types of malignant hematologic disease and hematologic disorders; however, these patients have an increased risk of posttransplant cutaneous malignant neoplasms. Physicians should be aware of associated risk factors to provide appropriate patient screening and long-term care.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify the incidence and risk factors for cutaneous malignant neoplasms following hematopoietic cell transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review was conducted using Medline and Cochrane databases from January 1995 to December 2013. Retrospective and prospective reviews containing at least 100 patients who underwent hematopoietic cell transplantation reporting skin cancer as a primary outcome were included. Information regarding the entire cohort, data for the subset who developed cutaneous malignant neoplasms, and cutaneous malignant neoplasm risk factors were extracted from included articles. The level of evidence for each study was assessed using the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients who underwent hematopoietic cell transplantation had an increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Factors such as primary disease, chronic graft-vs-host disease, prolonged immunosuppression, radiation exposure, light skin color, sex, and T-cell depletion are risk factors for cutaneous malignant neoplasms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the increased risk of cutaneous malignant neoplasms in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients, this population should be educated on skin self-examination and pursue regular follow-up with dermatologists.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: DePry
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio2Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Ritva
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vyas
authors.affiliation: Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio3Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Hillard M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Lazarus
authors.affiliation: Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio3Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Paolo F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Caimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio2Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Meg R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Gerstenblith
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio2Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Jeremy S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Bordeaux
mesh_terms: D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008545:Melanoma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology