title: Emergency department evaluation and treatment of acute hip and thigh pain.
abstract: Although the incidence of hip fractures is decreasing, the overall prevalence continues to increase because of an aging population. People older than 65 suffer fractures at a rate of 0.6% per year--2% per year for persons older than 85. One in 5 patients suffering a hip fracture will die within a year. Additionally, the emergency physician must consider entities such as avascular necrosis, compartment syndrome, and muscular disruption. This article reviews patterns and complications of acute hip and thigh injuries and clinically relevant diagnostic, anesthetic, and treatment options that facilitate timely, appropriate, and effective emergency department management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040 Jackson Avenue, Tacoma, WA 94804, USA. Electronic address: mstein1985@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Matthew Jamieson
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040 Jackson Avenue, Tacoma, WA 94804, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040 Jackson Avenue, Tacoma, WA 94804, USA. Electronic address: docball40@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ball
mesh_terms: D059787:Acute Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D006617:Hip Dislocation / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy
keywords: Avascular necrosis; Emergency medicine; Hip dislocation; Hip fracture; Hip pain; Tourniquet; Ultrasound