title: Targeted therapy in advanced bladder cancer: what have we learned?
abstract: Despite advances in the treatment of other genitourinary malignancies, no novel therapies have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for urothelial carcinoma (UC) in the last 20 years. To date, no clinical trials of targeted agents in UC have led to improvements in survival compared with cytotoxic therapy. This article outlines representative trials of targeted therapies in UC and discusses the significance of genetic preselection in trial design as a method to optimize responses to these agents, thus, hopefully expanding the armamentarium of treatment options against this lethal disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Emmet J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA. Electronic address: iyerg@mskcc.org.
authors.forename: Gopa
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iyer
mesh_terms: D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors
keywords: Angiogenesis; MAPK pathway; Next-generation sequencing; PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway; Small molecule inhibitors; Targeted therapy; Urothelial carcinoma