title: Current and Emerging Treatment Options in Diabetes Care.
abstract: Diabetes constitutes an increasing threat to human health, particularly in newly industrialized and densely populated countries. Type 1 and type 2 diabetes arise from different etiologies but lead to similar metabolic derangements constituted by an absolute or relative lack of insulin that results in elevated plasma glucose. In the last three decades, a set of new medicines built upon a deeper understanding of physiology and diabetic pathology have emerged to enhance the clinical management of the disease and related disorders. Recent insights into insulin-dependent and insulin-independent molecular events have accelerated the generation of a series of novel medicinal agents, which hold the promise for further advances in the management of diabetes. In this chapter, we provide a historical context for what has been accomplished to provide perspective for future research and novel emerging treatment options.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Diabetes and Obesity and Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.|Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoffer
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Clemmensen
authors.affiliation: Institute for Diabetes and Obesity and Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.|Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Timo D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: Institute for Diabetes and Obesity and Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.|Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Finan
authors.affiliation: Institute for Diabetes and Obesity and Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany. tschoep@helmholtz-muenchen.de.|Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany. tschoep@helmholtz-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Matthias H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Tschöp
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: DiMarchi
mesh_terms: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000628:therapy*; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020738:Leptin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016035:Pancreas Transplantation
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D020738:Leptin; C414620:fibroblast growth factor 21; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Co-agonist; Combination therapies; Diabetes; Glucose; Insulin; Metabolism; Obesity; Pharmacology; Therapeutics