title: Purification, characterization and anti-aging capacity of mycelia zinc polysaccharide by Lentinus edodes SD-08.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the modern society, aging had been a major problem. People may rely on many medicines to delay it. However, lots of medicines were chemosynthetic, and they would do a bad side-effect on human body. Microbial sources could be used as a potential means of producing natural antioxidants. Lentinus edodes, commercial obtained in daily life, had recently become more attractive in physiological research. Zinc was now considered as a major element in assuring the correct functioning of an organism and essential for maintaining coordination of the major homeostatic networks. To investigate the bioconversion of zinc and the physiological effects of their complex (MZPS), the present studies were processed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mycelia polysaccharides (MPS) and mycelia zinc polysaccharides (MZPS) of Lentinus edodes SD-08 were extracted by hot water leaching and purified by DEAE-52 cellulose anion-exchange column chromatography separately. The zinc content was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The evaluation of monosaccharide compositions and proportions used gas chromatogram. The analysis of molecular weight used HPGPC chromatogram. The typical structure of polysaccharide was evaluated by IR spectrum. The antioxidant activities in vitro measured through reducing power, the scavenging effects on hydroxyl radical and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. The anti-aging activities in vivo measured through the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), GSH peroxide (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  MPS and MZPS of Lentinus edodes SD-08 were extracted and purified by DEAE-52 cellulose anion-exchange column chromatography separately, and four fractions (MPS-1, MPS-2, MZPS-1 and MZPS-2) were obtained. In addition, MPS composing of rhamnose, arabinose and mannose (molar proportion = 1.75:1.00:3.02) and MZPS containing rhamnose, arabinose, mannose and glucose (molar proportion = 7.19:2.26:1.00:8.39) were investigated by gas chromatography. Infrared spectrum analysis indicated that there were C-H, C=O and -CH2 bonds in MPS and MZPS. MPS also had the typical absorption of -NH3 (+), -NH2 and -COOH. Compared with MPS, MZPS showed in vitro positive rising of reducing power and certain scavenging effects on hydroxyl radical and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. MZPS were found to upregulate in vivo the anti-aging activities of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), GSH peroxide (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and decrease the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MZPS effectively showed potential anti-aging activities in vivo and antioxidant activities in vitro, and the molecular constituents, chemical bonds and functional groups of MZPS were superior to MPS, suggesting that the MZPS of L. edodes SD-08 could be used as a potential natural antioxidant.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Taian, Shandong, 271018, PR China. diandianmeng@126.com.
authors.forename: Liqin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Government Hospital of Yantai, Yuxi Road 16, Yantai, Shandong, 264000, PR China. wangcuiqin@163.com.
authors.forename: Cuiqin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shandong Agricultural Technology Extending Station, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, PR China. gaoxia@163.com.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Taian, Shandong, 271018, PR China. xunuo@163.com.
authors.forename: Nuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Taian, Shandong, 271018, PR China. linlin@163.com.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Taian, Shandong, 271018, PR China. zhaohuajie@163.com.
authors.forename: Huajie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Taian, Shandong, 271018, PR China. shjia@sdau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shouhua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Taian, Shandong, 271018, PR China. ourlaboratory@163.com.
authors.forename: Le
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jia
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001688:Biological Products / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D051379:Mice; D025282:Mycelium / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010851:Picrates / Q000378:metabolism; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020942:Shiitake Mushrooms / Q000378:metabolism*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D015032:Zinc / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001688:Biological Products; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D010851:Picrates; D011134:Polysaccharides; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D015032:Zinc