title: Biosynthesis of Sesterterpenes, Head-to-Tail Triterpenes, and Sesquarterpenes in Bacillus clausii: Identification of Multifunctional Enzymes and Analysis of Isoprenoid Metabolites.
abstract: We performed functional analysis of recombinant enzymes and analysis of isoprenoid metabolites in Bacillus clausii to gain insights into the biosynthesis of rare terpenoid groups of sesterterpenes, head-to-tail triterpenes, and sesquarterpenes. We have identified an (all-E)-isoprenyl diphosphate synthase (E-IDS) homologue as a trifunctional geranylfarnesyl diphosphate (GFPP)/hexaprenyl diphosphate (HexPP)/heptaprenyl diphosphate (HepPP) synthase. In addition, we have redefined the function of a tetraprenyl-β-curcumene synthase homologue as that of a trifunctional sesterterpene/triterpene/sesquarterpene synthase. This study has revealed that GFPP, HexPP, and HepPP, intermediates of two isoprenoid pathways (acyclic terpenes and menaquinones), are biosynthesized by one trifunctional E-IDS. In addition, GFPP/HexPP and HepPP are the primary substrates for the biosynthesis of acyclic terpenes and menaquinone-7, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Ikarashi 2-8050, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181 (Japan).
authors.forename: Daijiro
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Ikarashi 2-8050, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181 (Japan).
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamaga
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Ikarashi 2-8050, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181 (Japan).
authors.forename: Mizuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585 (Japan).
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Totsuka
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585 (Japan).
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shinada
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Ikarashi 2-8050, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181 (Japan). satot@agr.niigata-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases / Q000378:metabolism; D001407:Bacillus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D053898:Biosynthetic Pathways; D004122:Dimethylallyltranstransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D064251:Multifunctional Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D054830:Sesterterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013729:Terpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D024482:Vitamin K 2 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D064251:Multifunctional Enzymes; D054830:Sesterterpenes; D013729:Terpenes; D014315:Triterpenes; D024482:Vitamin K 2; D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases; C108877:terpene synthase; D004122:Dimethylallyltranstransferase
keywords: biosynthesis; menaquinones; prenyltransferases; terpene synthases; terpenoids