title: Optimum depth of central venous catheter - Comparision by pere's, landmark and endocavitory (atrial) ECG technique: A prospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Blind insertion of central venous catheter has many implications. Better options should be sought to perform this procedure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate various options for positioning central venous catheter tip.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is institutional based randomized prospective controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective study depth and position of central venous catheter were evaluated in 150 patients in intensive care unit. Three different methods: Pere's, landmark, and endocavitory (atrial) ECG control were used.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twoway ANOVA test was applied on SPSS version 16 to test the significant difference between the three groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient characteristic and demographic data were similar in the three groups. The average depth of central venous catheter by Pere's, landmark, and endocavitory (ECG) technique were 14.20 ± 0.69 cm, 12.08 ± 0.98 cm, and 8.18 ± 0.74 cm, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The correct position of central venous catheter by endocavitory (atrial) ECG appears not only to reduce the procedure related complications but also post procedure manipulation of catheter tip detected by post procedure chest X-ray.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and critical care, Subharti University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and critical care, Subharti University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and critical care, Subharti University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Malhotra
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and critical care, Subharti University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Kumkum
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gupta
keywords: Central venous catheter; ECG guided endocavitory; landmark; pere's; subclavian vein; superior vena cava