title: A fully Bayesian before-after analysis of permeable friction course (PFC) pavement wet weather safety.
abstract: Permeable friction course (PFC), a porous hot-mix asphalt, is typically applied to improve wet weather safety on high-speed roadways in Texas. In order to warrant expensive PFC construction, a statistical evaluation of its safety benefits is essential. Generally, the literature on the effectiveness of porous mixes in reducing wet-weather crashes is limited and often inconclusive. In this study, the safety effectiveness of PFC was evaluated using a fully Bayesian before-after safety analysis. First, two groups of road segments overlaid with PFC and non-PFC material were identified across Texas; the non-PFC or reference road segments selected were similar to their PFC counterparts in terms of site specific features. Second, a negative binomial data generating process was assumed to model the underlying distribution of crash counts of PFC and reference road segments to perform Bayesian inference on the safety effectiveness. A data-augmentation based computationally efficient algorithm was employed for a fully Bayesian estimation. The statistical analysis shows that PFC is not effective in reducing wet weather crashes. It should be noted that the findings of this study are in agreement with the existing literature, although these studies were not based on a fully Bayesian statistical analysis. Our study suggests that the safety effectiveness of PFC road surfaces, or any other safety infrastructure, largely relies on its interrelationship with the road user. The results suggest that the safety infrastructure must be properly used to reap the benefits of the substantial investments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, United States. Electronic address: prasad.buddhavarapu@utexas.edu.
authors.forename: Prasad
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Buddhavarapu
authors.affiliation: Center for Transportation Research, The University of Texas at Austin, United States. Electronic address: asmit@utexas.edu.
authors.forename: Andre F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Smit
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, United States. Electronic address: prozzi@utexas.edu.
authors.forename: Jorge A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Prozzi
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001334:Automobile Driving; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D004779:Environment Design; D017276:Friction; D006801:Humans; D015233:Models, Statistical; D016062:Porosity; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012449:Safety; D013499:Surface Properties; D013781:Texas; D014887:Weather
keywords: Before–after safety analysis; Data augmentation; Fully Bayesian analysis; Porous/permeable friction course (PFC); Wet weather safety