title: Development of an Integrated Thermocouple for the Accurate Sample Temperature Measurement During High Temperature Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (HT-ESEM) Experiments.
abstract: We have developed two integrated thermocouple (TC) crucible systems that allow precise measurement of sample temperature when using a furnace associated with an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). Sample temperatures measured with these systems are precise (±5°C) and reliable. The TC crucible systems allow working with solids and liquids (silicate melts or ionic liquids), independent of the gas composition and pressure. These sample holder designs will allow end users to perform experiments at high temperature in the ESEM chamber with high precision control of the sample temperature.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule,UMR 5257 CEA-CNRS-UM2-ENSCM Site de Marcoule,Bat 426,BP 17171,F-30207 Bagnols sur Cèze cedex,France.
authors.forename: Renaud
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Podor
authors.affiliation: Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule,UMR 5257 CEA-CNRS-UM2-ENSCM Site de Marcoule,Bat 426,BP 17171,F-30207 Bagnols sur Cèze cedex,France.
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pailhon
authors.affiliation: Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule,UMR 5257 CEA-CNRS-UM2-ENSCM Site de Marcoule,Bat 426,BP 17171,F-30207 Bagnols sur Cèze cedex,France.
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ravaux
authors.affiliation: Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule,UMR 5257 CEA-CNRS-UM2-ENSCM Site de Marcoule,Bat 426,BP 17171,F-30207 Bagnols sur Cèze cedex,France.
authors.forename: Henri-Pierre
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Brau
keywords: furnace