title: Comparison of the three-dimensional organization of sperm and fibroblast genomes using the Hi-C approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The three-dimensional organization of the genome is tightly connected to its biological function. The Hi-C approach was recently introduced as a method that can be used to identify higher-order chromatin interactions genome-wide. The aim of this study was to determine genome-wide chromatin interaction frequencies using the Hi-C approach in mouse sperm cells and embryonic fibroblasts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The obtained data demonstrate that the three-dimensional genome organizations of sperm and fibroblast cells show a high degree of similarity both with each other and with the previously described mouse embryonic stem cells. Both A- and B-compartments and topologically associated domains are present in spermatozoa and fibroblasts. Nevertheless, sperm cells and fibroblasts exhibit statistically significant differences between each other in the contact probabilities of defined loci. Tight packaging of the sperm genome results in an enrichment of long-range contacts compared with the fibroblasts. However, only 30% of the differences in the number of contacts are based on differences in the densities of their genome packages; the main source of the differences is the gain or loss of contacts that are specific for defined genome regions. We find that the dependence of the contact probability on genomic distance for sperm is close to the dependence predicted for the fractal globular folding of chromatin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, we can conclude that the three-dimensional structure of the genome is passed through generations without being dramatically changed in sperm cells.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia. battulin@bionet.nsc.ru.|Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia. battulin@bionet.nsc.ru.|Skoltech Center for Stem Cell Research, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo 143025, Moscow, Russia. battulin@bionet.nsc.ru.
authors.forename: Nariman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Battulin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia. minja-f@ya.ru.|Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia. minja-f@ya.ru.|Skoltech Center for Stem Cell Research, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo 143025, Moscow, Russia. minja-f@ya.ru.
authors.forename: Veniamin S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Fishman
authors.affiliation: Center 'Bioengineering', Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312, Russia. mazur.am@gmail.com.|Skoltech Center for Stem Cell Research, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo 143025, Moscow, Russia. mazur.am@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Alexander M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mazur
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia. pomaznoy@gmail.com.|Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia. pomaznoy@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mikhail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pomaznoy
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia. anya.khabarova@gmail.com.|Skoltech Center for Stem Cell Research, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo 143025, Moscow, Russia. anya.khabarova@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Anna A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Khabarova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia. ada@bionet.nsc.ru.|Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia. ada@bionet.nsc.ru.|Skoltech Center for Stem Cell Research, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo 143025, Moscow, Russia. ada@bionet.nsc.ru.
authors.forename: Dmitry A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Afonnikov
authors.affiliation: Center 'Bioengineering', Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312, Russia. prokhortchouk@gmail.com.|National Research Center, Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, 123098, Russia. prokhortchouk@gmail.com.|Skoltech Center for Stem Cell Research, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo 143025, Moscow, Russia. prokhortchouk@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Egor B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Prokhortchouk
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia. serov@bionet.nsc.ru.|Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia. serov@bionet.nsc.ru.|Skoltech Center for Stem Cell Research, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo 143025, Moscow, Russia. serov@bionet.nsc.ru.
authors.forename: Oleg L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Serov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000235:genetics; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D056726:Genetic Association Studies / Q000379:methods; D056426:Genetic Loci; D016678:Genome; D023281:Genomics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin