title: Motor development following in utero exposure to organochlorines: a follow-up study of children aged 5-9 years in Greenland, Ukraine and Poland.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prior studies on the association between prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and child motor development have found contradicting results. Using data collected in the INUENDO cohort in Kharkiv (Ukraine), Warsaw (Poland) and Greenland (N = 1,103) between the years 2002 and 2012, we examined relations of prenatal exposure to 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE) and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153) on motor development and developmental milestones; crawling, standing-up and walking.
  
  
  METHODS
  CB-153 and p,p'-DDE were measured in maternal blood in second or third trimester of pregnancy. Motor development was measured in terms of the parentally assessed screening tool Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire 2007 and developmental milestones were assessed via retrospective parental reports of child age at the first time of crawling, standing-up and walking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We saw no associations between tertiles of CB-153 and p,p'-DDE or log-transformed exposures and retrospective reports of the developmental milestones crawling, standing-up and walking in infancy or the motor skills measured as developmental coordination disorder at young school age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In utero exposure to CB-153 and p,p'-DDE was not associated with parentally retrospectively assessed developmental milestones in infancy or parentally assessed motor skills at young school age. The use of a more sensitive outcome measure may be warranted if subtle effects should be identified.
authors.affiliation: Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, build. 2c, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark. birghoey@rm.dk.
authors.forename: Birgit Bjerre
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Høyer
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark. chrh@soci.au.dk.
authors.forename: Cecilia Høst
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Ramlau-Hansen
authors.affiliation: Primary Health Care Clinic, Postbox 570, DK-3900, Nuuk, Greenland. hsp@mil.au.dk.
authors.forename: Henning Sloth
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791, Warsaw, Poland. kgoralczyk@pzh.gov.pl.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Góralczyk
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine and Organization of Public Health, Kharkiv National Medical University, 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine. lu21122003@mail.ru.
authors.forename: Lyubov
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chumak
authors.affiliation: Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, S-221 85, Lund, Sweden. bo_a.jonsson@med.lu.se.
authors.forename: Bo Ag
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Jönsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen NV, Denmark. jens.peter.ellekilde.bonde@regionh.dk.
authors.forename: Jens Peter
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bonde
authors.affiliation: Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, build. 2c, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark. gunntoft@rm.dk.
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Toft
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006116:Greenland; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D011044:Poland; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000097:blood; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014455:Ukraine
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls; C014024:2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl