title: Citizenship and recovery: two intertwined concepts for civic-recovery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Validation of the psychometric properties of a new measure of citizenship was required for a research project in the province of Quebec, Canada. This study was meant to study the interplay between recovery- and citizenship-oriented supportive employment. As recovery and citizenship were expected to be two related concepts, convergent validity between the Citizenship Measure (CM) and the Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS) was tested.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study objectives were to: 1) conduct exploratory factor analyses on the CM and confirmatory factor analysis on the RAS tools (construct validity), 2) calculate Cronbach's alphas for each dimension emerging from objective 1 (reliability), and 3) calculate correlations between all dimensions from both tools (convergent validity). Data were collected from 174 individuals with serious mental illness, working in social firms. Serious mental illnesses include major depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, post traumatic stress disorder and borderline personality disorder.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five factors emerged from the exploratory factor analysis of the CM, with good reliability. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the short and the long versions of the RAS present satisfactory results. Finally, the correlation matrix indicated that all dimensions from both tools are significantly correlated, thus confirming their convergent validity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirms the validity and reliability of two tools, CM and RAS. These tools can be used in combination to assess citizenship and recovery, both of which may be combined in the new concept of civic-recovery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada. jean-francois.pelletier@yale.edu.|Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal (U.218), 7401, Hochelaga Street, Montreal, QC, H1N 3M5, Canada. jean-francois.pelletier@yale.edu.|Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA. jean-francois.pelletier@yale.edu.
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Pelletier
authors.affiliation: School of rehabilitation, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada. marc.corbiere@usherbrooke.ca.|Department of Education, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada. marc.corbiere@usherbrooke.ca.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Corbière
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal (U.218), 7401, Hochelaga Street, Montreal, QC, H1N 3M5, Canada. tania.lecomte@umontreal.ca.|Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada. tania.lecomte@umontreal.ca.
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lecomte
authors.affiliation: School of rehabilitation, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada. catherine.briand@umontreal.ca.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Briand
authors.affiliation: Lewis College of Human Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, USA. corrigan@iit.edu.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Corrigan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA. larry.davidson@yale.edu.
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA. Michael.rowe@yale.edu.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rowe
mesh_terms: D001883:Borderline Personality Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D016832:Employment, Supported; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000592:standards; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods; D011792:Quebec; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012559:Schizophrenia; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome