title: Bioprocess automation on a Mini Pilot Plant enables fast quantitative microbial phenotyping.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The throughput of cultivation experiments in bioprocess development has drastically increased in recent years due to the availability of sophisticated microliter scale cultivation devices. However, as these devices still require time-consuming manual work, the bottleneck was merely shifted to media preparation, inoculation and finally the analyses of cultivation samples. A first step towards solving these issues was undertaken in our former study by embedding a BioLector in a robotic workstation. This workstation already allowed for the optimization of heterologous protein production processes, but remained limited when aiming for the characterization of small molecule producer strains. In this work, we extended our workstation to a versatile Mini Pilot Plant (MPP) by integrating further robotic workflows and microtiter plate assays that now enable a fast and accurate phenotyping of a broad range of microbial production hosts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A fully automated harvest procedure was established, which repeatedly samples up to 48 wells from BioLector cultivations in response to individually defined trigger conditions. The samples are automatically clarified by centrifugation and finally frozen for subsequent analyses. Sensitive metabolite assays in 384-well plate scale were integrated on the MPP for the direct determination of substrate uptake (specifically D-glucose and D-xylose) and product formation (specifically amino acids). In a first application, we characterized a set of Corynebacterium glutamicum L-lysine producer strains and could rapidly identify a unique strain showing increased L-lysine titers, which was subsequently confirmed in lab-scale bioreactor experiments. In a second study, we analyzed the substrate uptake kinetics of a previously constructed D-xylose-converting C. glutamicum strain during cultivation on mixed carbon sources in a fully automated experiment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presented MPP is designed to face the challenges typically encountered during early-stage bioprocess development. Especially the bottleneck of sample analyses from fast and parallelized microtiter plate cultivations can be solved using cutting-edge robotic automation. As robotic workstations become increasingly attractive for biotechnological research, we expect our setup to become a template for future bioprocess development.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Systems Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany. s.unthan@fz-juelich.de.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Unthan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Systems Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany. a.radek@fz-juelich.de.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Radek
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Systems Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany. w.wiechert@fz-juelich.de.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wiechert
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Systems Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany. m.oldiges@fz-juelich.de.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oldiges
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Systems Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany. s.noack@fz-juelich.de.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noack
mesh_terms: D057205:Automation, Laboratory; D018533:Biomass; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology*; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D048230:Corynebacterium glutamicum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D008239:Lysine / Q000378:metabolism; D008828:Microbiological Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D010641:Phenotype; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014994:Xylose / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D014994:Xylose; D005947:Glucose; D008239:Lysine