title: Effectiveness of a selective intervention program targeting personality risk factors for alcohol misuse among young adolescents: results of a cluster randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effectiveness of Preventure was tested on drinking behaviour of young adolescents in secondary education in the Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cluster randomized controlled trial was carried out, with participants assigned randomly to a two-session coping skills intervention or a control no-intervention condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen secondary schools throughout the Netherlands; seven schools in the intervention and eight schools in the control condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 699 adolescents aged 13-15 years participated, 343 allocated to the intervention and 356 to the control condition, with drinking experience and elevated scores in either negative thinking, anxiety sensitivity, impulsivity or sensation-seeking.
  Preventure is a selective school-based alcohol prevention programme targeting personality risk factors. The comparator was a no-intervention control.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of the intervention on the primary outcome past-month binge drinking, and the secondary outcomes binge drinking frequency, alcohol use, alcohol frequency and problem drinking, were examined. The primary analyses of interest were intervention main effects at 12 months post-intervention. In addition, intervention effects on the linear development of binge drinking using a latent-growth curve approach were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Binge drinking rates were not significantly different between the intervention (42.9%) and control group (49.2%) at 12 months follow-up [odds ratio (OR) = 1.05, confidence interval (CI) = 0.99, 1.11]. Intention-to-treat analyses revealed no significant intervention effects on alcohol use (53.9 versus 61.5%; OR = 0.99, CI = 0.86, 1.14) and problem drinking (37.0 versus 44.7%; OR = 1.03, CI = 0.92, 1.10) at 12 months follow-up. The post-hoc latent-growth analyses revealed significant effects on the development of binge drinking (β = -0.16, P = 0.05), and binge drinking frequency (β = -0.14, P = 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The alcohol prevention programme, Preventure, appears to have little or no effect on overall prevalence of binge drinking in adolescents in the Netherlands but may reduce the development of binge drinking over time.
authors.affiliation: Trimbos Institute (Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction), Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jeroen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lammers
authors.affiliation: Trimbos Institute (Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction), Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ferry
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Goossens
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Section of Addiction, Kings College London, University of London, UK.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Conrod
authors.affiliation: Trimbos Institute (Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction), Utrecht, The Netherlands.|Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rutger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Engels
authors.affiliation: Addiction, Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Reinout W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Wiers
authors.affiliation: Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marloes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kleinjan
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control; D063425:Binge Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D010551:Personality / Q000502:physiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012572:School Health Services; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000066608:Underage Drinking / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: Adolescence; alcohol use; binge drinking; personality; selective prevention