title: Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the nuss questionnaire modified for adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pectus excavatum (PE) is the most common chest wall deformity. The Nuss Questionnaire modified for Adults (NQmA) is a disease-specific health-related quality of life assessment tool for patients with pectus deformities. The aim of this study is to adapt the NQmA into Turkish.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and sixty-five patients with PE were participated, with an age range of 14 to 29 years. All patients underwent a physical examination and had not undergone corrective surgery. The Turkish version of the NQmA was completed by patients and their parents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The content validity index based on expert opinions was 91% for the patient questionnaire and 96% for the parent questionnaire. The Cronbach's alpha value for the NQmA was found to be 0.805 for the patient questionnaire and 0.800 for the parent questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis was used to assess construct validity. Two factors explained 51.1% of the total variance in the patient questionnaire (psychosocial: 31.145%, Cronbach's alpha=0.818; physical: 19.955%, Cronbach's alpha=0.862). In the parent questionnaire, two factors explained 51.422% of the total variance (psychosocial: 26.097%, Cronbach's alpha=0.743; physical: 25.325%, Cronbach's alpha=0.827). Construct validity was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Turkish version of the NQmA was found to be valid and reliable for the assessment of quality of life in patients with PE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine.
authors.forename: A Tugba
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Bahadir
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Pinar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kuru
authors.affiliation: Statistical Expert, Marmara University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Ceyda
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Afacan
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Marmara University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Nezih Onur
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Ermerak
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Marmara University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Korkut
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bostanci
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Marmara University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yuksel
keywords: Funnel chest; Psychometrics; Quality of life; Validation studies