title: Cardiometabolic Risk, Socio-Psychological Factors, and Trajectory of Grip Strength Among Older Japanese Adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between cardiometabolic risk (percent body fat [BF%], triglycerides [TG], high-density lipoprotein [HDL]-cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c]), socio-psychological factors (education and self-rated health [SRH]), and trajectories of grip strength (GS) in older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal 8-year data from 1,381 Japanese adults aged 65 years or above were analyzed using hierarchical linear models, stratified according to gender.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GS declined following a linear trajectory. In both genders, higher BF% was associated with weaker GS, but not with the rate of decline. GS trajectory did not correlate with baseline TG, HDL-C, or HbA1c. Cardiometabolic factors mediated educational differences in GS intercept in both genders. In women, better SRH predicted stronger GS. The effect of SRH was robust to adjustments for cardiometabolic risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In older adults, GS and its rate of decline are selectively associated with both cardiometabolic risk and socio-psychological characteristics. Cardiometabolic risk mediates educational disparities in GS but not differences in subjective assessments of health.
authors.affiliation: Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA University of Michigan-Dearborn, USA andabm@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Anda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Botoseneanu
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
authors.forename: Joan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nyquist
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shinkai
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA.
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aiello
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
authors.forename: Christine T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Cigolle
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan-Dearborn, USA University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
authors.forename: Jersey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liang
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000368:Aged; D001823:Body Composition; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D059026:Diagnostic Self Evaluation; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D014280:Triglycerides; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: Japan; aging; cardiometabolic risk factors; grip strength