title: Amphetamine and other pharmacological agents in human and animal studies of recovery from stroke.
abstract: Neuromodulation with pharmacological agents, including drugs of abuse such as amphetamine, when paired with behavioral experience, has been shown to positively modify outcomes in animal models of stroke. A number of clinical studies have tested the efficacy of a variety of drugs to enhance recovery of language deficit post-stroke. The purpose of this paper is to: (1) present pertinent animal studies supporting the use of dextro-amphetamine sulfate (AMPH) to enhance recovery after experimental lesions with emphasis on the importance of learning dependent activity for lasting recovery; (2) briefly review neuropharmacological explorations in the treatment of aphasia; (3) present a pilot study in aphasia exploring a drug combination of AMPH and donepezil hydrochloride paired with behavioral treatment to facilitate recovery; and (4) conclude with comments regarding the role of adjunctive pharmacotherapy in the rehabilitation of aphasia, particularly AMPH.
authors.affiliation: The Stroke Center-Dallas, T. Boone Pickens Institute of Health Sciences, Texas Woman's University, 5500 Southwestern Medical Avenue, Dallas, TX 75235, United States. Electronic address: dwalker-batson@TWU.edu.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Walker-Batson
authors.affiliation: The Stroke Center-Dallas, T. Boone Pickens Institute of Health Sciences, Texas Woman's University, 5500 Southwestern Medical Avenue, Dallas, TX 75235, United States.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75235, United States.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8897, United States.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000661:Amphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D001037:Aphasia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D000661:Amphetamine
keywords: Amphetamine; Aphasia; Clinical trials; Neuromodulation; Stroke rehabilitation