title: Comparison of two fluid solutions for resuscitation in a rabbit model of crush syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Crush syndrome is a common injury, the main characteristics of which include acute kidney injury. However, there is still lack of reliable animal model of crush syndrome, and it also remains controversial as to which type of fluid should be chosen as a more appropriate treatment option for prevention and treatment of acute kidney injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  The rabbits were crushed at the lower limbs for 6 h with 36 times the body weight, which means the pressure of each leg was also 36 times the body weight. Fluid resuscitation was performed from 1 h prior to the end of the crush treatment until 24 h after the reperfusion. Tissue, blood and urine samples were collected at predetermined time points before and after reperfusion. Twelve rabbits in each group were taken for survival observation for 72 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The model group showed elevated serum creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and K(+) level, reduced serum Ca(2+) level and Na(+) level, and increased serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and kidney injury molecule-1 (p < 0.05). The 0.9 % normal saline (SAL) group and SAL plus 6 % hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 SAL/HES group showed reduced serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels (p < 0.05). The SAL/HES group also showed reduced serum IL-6 and IL-10 levels (p < 0.05). The 72 h survival rate of the SAL/HES group was higher than that of the model group (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rabbit model of crush syndrome showed clinical features consistent with those of crush syndrome. There was no significant difference in the ability of preventing AKI after a crush injury between the two fluid solutions, while SAL/HES can improve the survival rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China.|Department of Nephrology, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: De-yang
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Li-rong
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China. zhangl301@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Qing-gang
authors.initials: QG
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jian-hui
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Suo-zhu
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yan-qiu
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China. xmchen301@126.com.
authors.forename: Xiang-mei
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000818:Animals; D003444:Crush Syndrome / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010952:Plasma Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011817:Rabbits; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000379:methods; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives; D010952:Plasma Substitutes; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic
keywords: Crush syndrome; Fluid resuscitation; Inflammatory response; Oxidative stress