title: Effects of edaravone on cardiac damage in valproic acid induced toxicity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An increasing number of studies have pointed out the side effects of valproic acid (VPA), an antiepileptic drug used for the treatment of seizures in children and adults. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether VPA interferes with oxidative metabolism in the heart and whether edaravone, the novel free radical scavenger, ameliorates any such effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female rats were divided into four groups: intact control animals, VPA (0.5 g/kg/day), edaravone (30 mg/kg/day), and VPA+edaravone (0.5 g/kg/day+30 mg/kg/day) injected groups for seven days. On the 8(th) day the animals were sacrificed under ether anesthesia, and hearts were homogenized. Concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), sialic acid (SA), glutathione (GSH) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione -S- transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), myeloperoxidase (MPO), Na+K+ ATPase and tissue factor (TF) were evaluated in the homogenates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the VPA group, increased MDA levels and decreased GPx activities indicated heart damage compared with the control group. On the other hand, edaravone treatment in the VPA group increased the activities of GST and SOD and decreased the activities of TF and ALP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study is the first to demonstrate the beneficial effects of edaravone on the impaired oxidant/antioxidant status of heart in VPA-induced toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Nisantasi, Istanbul ebruemekli@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ebru
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Emekli-Alturfan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Nisantasi, Istanbul.
authors.forename: Burçin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Alev
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sevim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tunali
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Nisantasi, Istanbul.
authors.forename: Sehkar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oktay
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Nisantasi, Istanbul.
authors.forename: Tugba
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tunali-Akbay
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Nisantasi, Istanbul.
authors.forename: Leyla Koc
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Ozturk
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Refiye
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yanardag
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Nisantasi, Istanbul.
authors.forename: Aysen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yarat
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000983:Antipyrine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D000077553:Edaravone; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000378:metabolism; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D008315:Malondialdehyde; D014635:Valproic Acid; D013925:Thromboplastin; D002374:Catalase; D009195:Peroxidase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D005978:Glutathione; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid; D000077553:Edaravone; D000983:Antipyrine