title: Association of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Parathyroid Hormone With Hypertension in Middle-Aged and Older Korean Adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have suggested that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels are associated with hypertension. However, the associations have yet to be studied in Koreans. This study explored the relationship among serum 25(OH)D, PTH concentrations, and the presence of hypertension in middle-aged and older Korean adults using the most recent nationally representative survey data.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted with data collected from 5,260 Korean adults (aged ≥50 years) who participated in the 2010 and 2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg, or current use of antihypertensive medication.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of hypertension significantly increased according to the quartiles of serum PTH levels (P < 0.0001), but not of serum 25(OH)D levels. In multivariable logistic analysis, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for hypertension were significantly higher among participants in the highest quartile than among those in the lowest quartile of serum PTH level, after adjusting for potential confounders (OR = 1.26, 95% confidence interval: 1.02-1.56, P = 0.03). The adjusted ORs for hypertension tended to decrease across the quartiles of serum 25(OH)D level, but the associations were not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum 25(OH)D was not associated with the presence of hypertension, whereas serum PTH was positively associated, suggesting that serum PTH may be an independent risk factor for hypertension in middle-aged and older Korean adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea;
authors.forename: Dasom
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea; Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea. kjhye@khu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jihye
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D015995:Prevalence; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
keywords: Korean adults; blood pressure; hypertension; parathyroid hormone; serum 25(OH)D.