title: Biologically active substances in bone morphogenesis. Literature review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Understanding the mechanisms of bone morphogenesis is essential in solving problems related to reconstruction of bone defects. In a field of bone morphogenesis enormous array of biologically active substances have been proved as having more or less influence on bone growth, but no ideal guiding path for a new bone formation has been established yet. Therefore, bone tissue engineering, based on the laws of osteogenesis, becomes a significant niche for investigation. The aim of this article is to review recent scientific information concerning the role of bio substances in osteogenesis, their potentials in and future prospects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medline library database was searched, focusing on stem cells, osteoblast differentiation, bone growth factors and bone tissue engineering. Limits were review, research support. A quality assessment was carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 63 articles matching our criteria were found: 20 reviews summarizing topics of growth factors, stem cells, tissue engineering and 43 articles representing studies of growth factors impact in osteoblast differentiation, bone regeneration and bone engineering.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The interactions among growth factors in osteoblast differentiation cascade are not fully understood. Moreover, methods of conversion of laboratory processes into clinically effective, reproducible, safe, economically viable and competitive products need to be improved.
authors.affiliation: Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas Clinics, Eiveniu str. 2, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania. litmaxfac@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Stasys
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bojarskas
authors.forename: Regimantas
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Simuntis
mesh_terms: D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000502:physiology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins