title: Vestibular function in cochlear implantation: Correlating objectiveness and subjectiveness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate vestibular function before and after cochlear implantation (CI) STUDY DESIGN: A prospective descriptive study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty consecutive patients with profound sensorineural hearing loss undergoing CI. Objective assessment of vestibular function was performed with the caloric test and video head impulse test (vHIT) in patients before and after CI. Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) was used for subjective assessment before and after CI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty patients received CI with 21 by round window approach and nine by anteroinferior cochleostomy. Vestibular results were categorized into four groups: no changes (20 patients), changes in the caloric test and vHIT (3 patients, all with DHI changes; P = 0.0001), changes in vHIT gain but not in caloric test (3 patients, all with DHI changes; P = 0.005), no changes in the caloric test and vHIT gain but only saccades appear (4 patients, all with DHI changes; P = 0.011).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although CI is a safe surgery with few major complications, it is a procedure that can produce dizziness. The vHIT reveals that 30% of patients demonstrate postoperative change in vestibular function. Therefore, when examining a CI patient with postoperative symptoms of dizziness, results of the vHIT test and gain as well as the presence of saccades, along with an increase DHI score, are parameters to consider in their evaluation.
  
  
  METHODS
  4.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Otoneurology Unit, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Batuecas-Caletrio
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences-New Orleans, Division of Otology and Neurotology-Hearing and Balance Center, Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Micah
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klumpp
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Otoneurology Unit, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santacruz-Ruiz
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Otoneurology Unit, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Benito Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Otoneurology Unit, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gonzalez Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences-New Orleans, Division of Otology and Neurotology-Hearing and Balance Center, Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Moises
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arriaga
mesh_terms: D019929:Cochlear Implantation; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014724:Vestibular Function Tests; D014722:Vestibule, Labyrinth / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Cochlear implant; dizziness; vestibular function; video head impulse test