title: Prognosis and impact of equine recurrent uveitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is a leading cause of vision loss in horses.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prognosis and impact of ERU on affected horses and their owners by evaluating the signalment, treatment and outcome (including the loss of use, vision assessment and economic loss).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective impact study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of horses presenting to the North Carolina State University Veterinary Health Complex (NCSU-VHC) with ERU between 1999 and 2014 were reviewed. Signalment, clinical signs, ophthalmic examination findings, treatments and outcomes were evaluated. Owner questionnaires were completed regarding vision, job/role, monetary value, diagnostic and treatment costs, concurrent illness and outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Records of 224 horses (338 eyes) with ERU were reviewed. There was an overrepresentation of Appaloosas (54; 24.1%), Hanoverians (11; 4.9%) and other Warmbloods (13; 5.8%). Ninety-six eyes (28.4%) were diagnosed as blind and 38 eyes (11.2%) with glaucoma on initial evaluation. Leptospirosis titres of serum and/or aqueous humour were obtained in 88 horses and were positive in 40 horses (45.5%), with L. pomona being the most frequently isolated serovar. Globe loss at the NCSU-VHC occurred in 41 ERU eyes (12.1% of total). Owner questionnaires were evaluated in 194 horses (86.6%) and 91 horses (46.9%) were reported blind in the affected eye(s). Fifty-seven horses (29.4%) did not return to their previous role, while 61 (31.4%) performed at a reduced level. Equine recurrent uveitis decreased the monetary value of 164 horses. Twenty-nine horses (14.9%) were euthanised and 37 (19.1%) underwent change in ownership as a direct result of ERU.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The impact of ERU is attributed to the high frequency of blindness, globe loss and loss of function. Euthanasia and change of ownership are common sequelae to the progressive nature of ERU. These factors, along with financial costs of the disease, have a significant impact on affected horses and their owners.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gerding
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA.
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Gilger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D006736:Horses; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015144:Southeastern United States; D014605:Uveitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*
keywords: horse; leptospirosis; outcome; recurrent; retrospective; uveitis