title: APOBEC3A cytidine deaminase induces RNA editing in monocytes and macrophages.
abstract: The extent, regulation and enzymatic basis of RNA editing by cytidine deamination are incompletely understood. Here we show that transcripts of hundreds of genes undergo site-specific C>U RNA editing in macrophages during M1 polarization and in monocytes in response to hypoxia and interferons. This editing alters the amino acid sequences for scores of proteins, including many that are involved in pathogenesis of viral diseases. APOBEC3A, which is known to deaminate cytidines of single-stranded DNA and to inhibit viruses and retrotransposons, mediates this RNA editing. Amino acid residues of APOBEC3A that are known to be required for its DNA deamination and anti-retrotransposition activities were also found to affect its RNA deamination activity. Our study demonstrates the cellular RNA editing activity of a member of the APOBEC3 family of innate restriction factors and expands the understanding of C>U RNA editing in mammals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA.
authors.forename: Shraddha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA.
authors.forename: Santosh K
authors.identifier: 0000000250389136
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Patnaik
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA.
authors.forename: R Thomas
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Taggart
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA.
authors.forename: Eric D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Kannisto
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA.
authors.forename: Sally M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Enriquez
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gollnick
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA.
authors.forename: Bora E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Baysal
mesh_terms: D003564:Cytidine Deaminase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000502:physiology*; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D010100:Oxygen; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017393:RNA Editing / Q000502:physiology*; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering
chemical_list: D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011506:Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D012313:RNA; C121399:APOBEC3A protein, human; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase; D010100:Oxygen