title: Synthesis and evaluation of second generation Flex-Het scaffolds against the human ovarian cancer A2780 cell line.
abstract: Flexible Heteroarotinoids (Flex-Hets) are a class of substituted di-aryl compounds that exhibit potent anti-cancer activity without toxicity. They were derived from the more conformationally restricted, 2-atom linker Hets by substitution of the 2-atom linker with a 3-atom urea or thiourea linker, which conferred more potent inhibitory activity against cancer cell lines. The objectives of this structure activity relationship (SAR) study were to determine if a 4-atom acrylamide linker and various substitutions on the terminal aryl ring altered the anti-cancer activity of these second generation Flex-Het compounds compared to the parent Flex-Het compound, SHetA2, which has a thiourea linker and a nitro substituent. Biological activity was measured using a cytotoxicity assay of the human A2780 ovarian cancer cell line treated with a range of compound concentrations. Nitrogen-based substitutions on the terminal aryl group caused similar, but slightly reduced efficacies and potencies. Exceptions were systems that had a nitro group at the para position, the potencies of which were better than that of SHetA2 with efficacies that were only slightly reduced compared to SHetA2. Similarly, the potency of the system with a para dimethylamino group was greater than that of SHetA2. However, a 30% reduction in efficacy compared to SHetA2 was noted. While specific members with the 4-atom acrylamide linker did exhibit excellent potency, the efficacy was slightly below that of SHetA2. Thus, a gradient of activities was observed as the substituent on the aryl ring was altered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-3071, USA.
authors.forename: Krishna Kumar
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Gnanasekaran
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1217A, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
authors.forename: Doris Mangiaracina
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Benbrook
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-3071, USA.
authors.forename: Baskar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nammalwar
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1217A, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
authors.forename: Elangovan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Thavathiru
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-3071, USA. Electronic address: rab@okstate.edu.
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bunce
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-3071, USA.
authors.forename: K Darrell
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Berlin
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002839:Chromans / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013871:Thiones / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C476105:(((4-nitrophenyl)amino)(2,2,4,4-tetramethyl thiochroman-6-yl)amino) methane-1-thione; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002839:Chromans; D013871:Thiones
keywords: Anti-cancer agents; Flex-Hets; Ovarian cancer; SHetA2 series; Second generation flexible heteroarotinoids