title: Emphysematous cystitis presenting as severe confusion and abdominal pain: two case reports.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Emphysematous cystitis is a very rare complicated urinary tract infection characterized by air in the bladder wall.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report two clinical cases of emphysematous cystitis of an 83-year-old Caucasian woman with diabetes mellitus and a 78-year-old Caucasian man with no past medical history. They presented with severe confusion and abdominal distension. Emphysematous cystitis was diagnosed in time with a thorough physical examination, urine analysis and computed tomography. The patients were successfully treated with antibiotic therapy and bladder drainage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This rare disorder should be recognized in time and treated properly to guarantee survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital (UZ), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium. vincent.deconinck@uzbrussel.be.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: De Coninck
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital (UZ), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium. dirk.michielsen@uzbrussel.be.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Michielsen
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003221:Confusion / Q000209:etiology*; D003556:Cystitis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D004322:Drainage; D004646:Emphysema / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010406:Penicillins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D035583:Rare Diseases; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010406:Penicillins; C031367:temocillin; D002939:Ciprofloxacin