title: Postoperative vesicoureteral reflux after high-pressure balloon dilation of the ureterovesical junction in primary obstructive megaureter. Incidence, management and predisposing factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the incidence, predisposing factors and management of postoperative vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) after high-pressure balloon dilation to treat primary obstructive megaureter (POM).
  
  
  METHODS
  We have reviewed patients that underwent endoscopic treatment for POM from May 2008 to November 2013. All patients were evaluated with renal ultrasound, voiding cystourethrography and diuretic renogram. Endoscopic treatment was done with high-pressure balloon dilation of the ureterovesical junction under general anesthesia; a double-J stenting was done in all patients. Follow-up was performed with ultrasonography, voiding cystourethrography and a diuretic renogram in all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen boys and five girls with a mean age of 14.18 months (3-103) were reviewed. A total of 22 ureters underwent HPBD to treat POM. Ureterohydronephrosis improves in 19 ureters. After endoscopic treatment, six ureters developed VUR. Four ureters were managed surgically, and in the other two, VUR disappeared in a second cystogram. The presence of parameatal diverticulum in the preoperative cystography and those patients with bilateral POM are factors related to postoperative VUR (p < 0.05). Urinary tract infection after HPBD was observed in four patients, but only one of them was affected with VUR.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Division, Pediatric Surgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain. lgarcia@hsjdbcn.org.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: García-Aparicio
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Division, Pediatric Surgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Blázquez-Gómez
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Division, Pediatric Surgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: de Haro
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Division, Pediatric Surgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Garcia-Smith
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Division, Pediatric Surgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bejarano
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Division, Pediatric Surgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Oriol
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Division, Pediatric Surgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rodo
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D014513:Ureter / Q000002:abnormalities*; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: Endourology; Pediatrics; Primary obstructive megaureter; Vesicoureteral reflux