title: A novel concept for CT with fixed anodes (FACT): Medical imaging based on the feasibility of thermal load capacity.
abstract: Focussing primarily on thermal load capacity, we describe the performance of a novel fixed anode CT (FACT) compared with a 100 kW reference CT. Being a fixed system, FACT has no focal spot blurring of the X-ray source during projection. Monte Carlo and finite element methods were used to determine the fluence proportional to thermal capacity. Studies of repeated short-time exposures showed that FACT could operate in pulsed mode for an unlimited period. A virtual model for FACT was constructed to analyse various temporal sequences for the X-ray source ring, representing a circular array of 1160 fixed anodes in the gantry. Assuming similar detector properties at a very small integration time, image quality was investigated using an image reconstruction library. Our model showed that approximately 60 gantry rounds per second, i.e. 60 sequential targetings of the 1160 anodes per second, were required to achieve a performance level equivalent to that of the reference CT (relative performance, RP = 1) at equivalent image quality. The optimal projection duration in each direction was about 10 μs. With a beam pause of 1 μs between projections, 78.4 gantry rounds per second with consecutive source activity were thermally possible at a given thermal focal spot. The settings allowed for a 1.3-fold (RP = 1.3) shorter scan time than conventional CT while maintaining radiation exposure and image quality. Based on the high number of rounds, FACT supports a high image frame rate at low doses, which would be beneficial in a wide range of diagnostic and technical applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University Clinic Erlangen, Germany; Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany. Electronic address: markus.on@me.com.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kellermeier
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University Clinic Erlangen, Germany; Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bert
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University Clinic Erlangen, Germany; Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Reinhold G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D004566:Electrodes; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D013696:Temperature; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000295:instrumentation*
keywords: CT physics; FACT; Fixed anode CT; Thermal load capacity; X-ray anode