title: The Effects of Antenatal Corticosteroids on Short- and Long-Term Outcomes in Small-for-Gestational-Age Infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of antenatal corticosteroids (ANS) on short- and long-term outcomes in small-for-gestational age (SGA) infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective database analysis was performed. A total of 1,931 single infants (birth weight <1,500 g) born at a gestational age between 22 weeks and 33 weeks 6 days who were determined to be SGA registered in the Neonatal Research Network Database in Japan between 2003 and 2007 were evaluated for short-term outcome and long-term outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ANS was administered to a total of 719 infants (37%) in the short-term outcome evaluation group and 344 infants (36%) in the long-term outcome evaluation group. There were no significant differences between the ANS group and the no-ANS group for primary short-term outcome (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.73; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.45-1.20; P-value 0.22) or primary long-term outcome (adjusted OR 0.69; 95% CI 0.40-1.17; P-value 0.17).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that ANS does not affect short- or long-term outcome in SGA infants when the birth weight is less than 1500 g. This study strongly suggests that administration of ANS resulted in few benefits for preterm FGR fetuses.
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.affiliation: 2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.affiliation: 3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.affiliation: 3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Nao
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Murabayashi
authors.affiliation: 4. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kochi Health Sciences Center.
authors.forename: Kazutoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: 5. Department of Pediatrics, Aizenbashi Hospital.
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kai
authors.affiliation: 6. Endowed Chair for Regeneration of Medicine in Kuwana District, Suzuka university of medical science.
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.affiliation: 7. Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiologic Informatics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.affiliation: 7. Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiologic Informatics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center.
authors.forename: Kunihiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.affiliation: 8. Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University.
authors.forename: Yumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.affiliation: 9. Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Perinatal Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kusuda
authors.affiliation: 10. Department of Neonatology, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Director of the Neonatal Research Network of Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujimura
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005325:Fetal Organ Maturity / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones
keywords: fetal growth restriction; glucocorticoids; infant; infant mortality; premature birth; small for gestational age