title: Small Cell Carcinomas of the Bladder Highly Express Somatostatin Receptor Type 2A: Impact on Prognosis and Treatment--A Multicenter Study of Urooncology Society, Turkey.
abstract: Small cell carcinoma (SmCC) is a rare and aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma of the bladder. Neuroendocrine carcinomas expressing somatostatin receptors (SSTR) in other viscera such as lung, pancreas, and gastrointestinal system respond to therapy with somatostatin analogs. In the present study, expressions of SSTRs 1 to 5 including type 2A are investigated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and their relationship with clinicopathologic factors was evaluated. Hundred primary bladder SmCC cases were collected from 12 centers in Turkey. Forty-three cases were pure SmCC. Other cases had mostly papillary urothelial carcinoma as a second component. The percentage of the SmCC component ranged from 5% to 100%. SSTR-2A expression was membranous, whereas the other receptors showed cytoplasmic staining. The percentages of positive cases for SSTR-1, SSTR-2A, SSTR-3, SSTR-4, and SSTR-5 were 4% (3/75), 61.4% (54/88), 2.4% (2/84), 24.4% (20/82), and 6.25% (5/80), respectively. The percentage of SmCC component was positively correlated with the percentage of SSTR-2A expression (P=0.003) while negatively correlated with patient age (P=0.032). SSTR-2A expression was correlated with survival as a bad prognostic factor (P=0.018). SSTR-1, SSTR-3, SSTR-4, and SSTR-5 expressions did not show any statistical significance with any parameter. In conclusion, although the limited number of cases with adequate term follow-up, SSTR-2A expression could be a prognostic factor and somatostatin analogs therapeutic candidate for SmCCs of the bladder as these tumors show high percentage of SSTR-2A expression.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Celal Bayar University, Manisa †Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Agean University ∥Department of Pathology, Katip Çelebi University, Izmir Atatürk Training and Research Hospital §§Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir ‡Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Hacettepe University ¶Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Gazi University #Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Ankara University, Ankara §Department of Pathology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University **Department of Pathology, Şişli Etfal Hospital, Istanbul ††Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Başkent University, Adana ‡‡Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli ∥∥Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nalan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Neşe
authors.forename: Banu S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kumbaraci
authors.forename: Dilek E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Baydar
authors.forename: Işin
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kiliçaslan
authors.forename: Ayşegül A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sari
authors.forename: Sait
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Şen
authors.forename: Ipek I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Gönül
authors.forename: Duygu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kankaya
authors.forename: Yasemin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Özlük
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ermete
authors.forename: Ayşim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Özağari
authors.forename: Nebil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bal
authors.forename: Saba
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kiremitçi
authors.forename: Kürşat
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yildiz
authors.forename: Burçin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tuna
authors.forename: Nilay
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Şen
authors.forename: Kutsal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yörükoğlu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin; C093733:somatostatin receptor 2