title: Novel therapeutic approaches for recurrent nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer.
abstract: This article summarizes strategies being investigated in patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. Progress has been made toward improving the delivery method of intravesical agents. Intravesical therapy is limited by the amount of time that the agent remains in contact with the bladder. Bladder cancer is considered to be responsive to immune therapy. Thus, many novel approaches are immune-based therapies and include cancer vaccines, use of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) subcomponents, and checkpoint inhibitors. Finally, access to bladder mucosa via direct catheterization into the bladder via the urethra has enabled unique strategies for delivery of cancer therapy including viral- or plasmid-based gene therapy.
authors.affiliation: Adult Cancer Program, Department of Urology, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78023, USA.
authors.forename: Brock E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Boehm
authors.affiliation: Adult Cancer Program, Department of Urology, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78023, USA. Electronic address: svatek@uthscsa.edu.
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Svatek
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D001500:BCG Vaccine; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D003603:Cytotoxins
keywords: Bladder; Cancer; Novel; Therapeutics