title: Comparative analysis of human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow and adipose tissue under xeno-free conditions for cell therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for cell-based therapies. Human platelet lysate represents an efficient alternative to fetal bovine serum for clinical-scale expansion of MSCs. Different media used in culture processes should maintain the biological characteristics of MSCs during multiple passages. However, bone marrow-derived MSCs and adipose tissue-derived MSCs have not yet been directly compared with each other under human platelet lysate conditions. This study aims to conduct a direct head-to-head comparison of the biological characteristics of the two types of MSCs under human platelet lysate-supplemented culture conditions for their ability to be used in regenerative medicine applications.
  
  
  METHODS
  The bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived MSCs were cultured under human platelet lysate conditions and their biological characteristics evaluated for cell therapy (morphology, immunophenotype, colony-forming unit-fibroblast efficiency, proliferation capacity, potential for mesodermal differentiation, secreted proteins, and immunomodulatory effects).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Under human platelet lysate-supplemented culture conditions, bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived MSCs exhibited similar fibroblast-like morphology and expression patterns of surface markers. Adipose tissue-derived MSCs had greater proliferative potential than bone marrow-derived MSCs, while no significantly difference in colony efficiency were observed between the two types of cells. However, bone marrow-derived MSCs possessed higher capacity toward osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation compared with adipose tissue-derived MSCs, while similar adipogenic differentiation potential wase observed between the two types of cells. There were some differences between bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived MSCs for several secreted proteins, such as cytokine (interferon-γ), growth factors (basic fibroblast growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and insulin-like growth factor-1), and chemokine (stem cell-derived factor-1). Adipose tissue-derived MSCs had more potent immunomodulatory effects than bone marrow-derived MSCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adipose tissue-derived MSCs have biological advantages in the proliferative capacity, secreted proteins (basic fibroblast growth factor, interferon-γ, and insulin-like growth factor-1), and immunomodulatory effects, but bone marrow-derived MSCs have advantages in osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potential and secreted proteins (stem cell-derived factor-1 and hepatocyte growth factor); these biological advantages should be considered systematically when choosing the MSC source for specific clinical application.
authors.affiliation: China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China. chunyu327@163.com.|School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610000, China. chunyu327@163.com.
authors.forename: Chun-yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Life Science Translational Medicine Research Center, Beijing, 100085, China. chinastemcells@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiao-yun
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, China. virosome@163.com.
authors.forename: Jia-bei
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China. xinxin_yang1980@126.com.
authors.forename: Xin-xin
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Jilin Vocational College of Industry and Technology, Jilin, 132013, China. jinglizhao2005@126.com.
authors.forename: Jing-li
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China. ringring12@126.com.|School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610000, China. ringring12@126.com.
authors.forename: Quan-fu
authors.initials: QF
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China. 26609642@qq.com.
authors.forename: Guo-bin
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China. 13811647091@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhi-jie
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12 / Q000032:analysis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000032:analysis; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D016207:Cytokines; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I