title: Effects of feed form and dietary coarse ground corn on broiler live performance, body weight uniformity, relative gizzard weight, excreta nitrogen, and particle size preference behaviors.
abstract: In this 14-d cage study, the effects of feed form (mash and crumble) and 6 coarse ground corn ( CC: ) inclusions [0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% CC that replaced fine corn ( FC: )] on broiler live performance, BW uniformity, gizzard weight, excreta nitrogen, and particle size preference were investigated. The geometric mean diameter by mass ( DGW: ) of mash diets increased from 422 μm to 431, 471, 509, 542, and 640 μm, respectively, as the percentage of CC increased. Feed intake and BW were decreased by CC and mash at 7 d. Interactions between feed form and CC were observed for feed conversion ratio ( FCR: ) at 7 d of age (P < 0.01), and feed intake (P < 0.05), BW (P < 0.01), and gizzard weight (P < 0.01) at 14 d of age. Feed intake for all CC inclusions in crumble diets was similar and exceeded (P < 0.01) that of mash diets at 14 d. Among mash diets, the 10 and 30% CC feed intake was greater (P < 0.05) than 40 and 50% CC with 0 and 20% CC intermediate. Crumble diets produced a similar BW but greater 14-d BW than mash diets (P < 0.01). Within mash diets, 40 and 50% CC produced a smaller BW (P < 0.01). The FCR at 7 d of CC inclusions in crumble diets was improved (P < 0.01) versus the same CC in mash diets. Within mash diets, 40% CC performed poorer than 0, 10, 20, and 30% CC diets with 50% CC diet intermediate (P < 0.01). Crumble diets improved FCR at 14 d, but CC worsened FCR. Gizzard weight at 14 d was not affected by CC in crumble diets, while it increased with CC in mash diets (P < 0.01). Excreta nitrogen was increased (P < 0.01) by crumble diets. These data demonstrated that pelleting and crumbling reduced the impact of CC, produced a more consistent feed intake, and reduced selective feeding, and that CC stimulated gizzard weight in a linear manner in mash diets.
authors.affiliation: Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Stark
authors.affiliation: Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Ferket
authors.affiliation: Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608 jbrake@ncsu.edu.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brake
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005895:Gizzard, Avian / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D008297:Male; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010316:Particle Size; D011897:Random Allocation; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: corn particle size; crumbled diet; gizzard; mash; selective feeding behavior