title: Improved anticancer delivery of paclitaxel by albumin surface modification of PLGA nanoparticles.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nanoparticles (NPs) play an important role in anticancer delivery systems. Surface modified NPs with hydrophilic polymers such as human serum albumin (HSA) have long half-life in the blood circulation system.
  
  
  METHODS
  The method of modified nanoprecipitation was utilized for encapsulation of paclitaxel (PTX) in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). Para-maleimide benzoic hydrazide was conjugated to PLGA for the surface modifications of PLGA NPs, and then HSA was attached on the surface of prepared NPs by maleimide attachment to thiol groups (cysteines) of albumin. The application of HSA provides for the longer blood circulation of stealth NPs due to their escape from reticuloendothelial system (RES). Then the physicochemical properties of NPs like surface morphology, size, zeta potential, and in-vitro drug release were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The particle size of NPs ranged from 170 to 190 nm and increased about 20-30 nm after HSA conjugation. The zeta potential was about -6 mV and it decreased further after HSA conjugation. The HSA conjugation in prepared NPs was proved by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, faster degradation of HSA in Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) characterization, and other evidences such as the increasing in size and the decreasing in zeta potential. The PTX released in a biphasic mode for all colloidal suspensions. A sustained release profile for approximately 33 days was detected after a burst effect of the loaded drug. The in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation also indicated that the HSA NPs are more cytotoxic than plain NPs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HSA decoration of PLGA NPs may be a suitable method for longer blood circulation of NPs.
authors.affiliation: Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. mehdiesfandyari@gmail.com.|Novel Drug Delivery Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. mehdiesfandyari@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Esfandyari-Manesh
authors.affiliation: Novel Drug Delivery Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. viahossein@gmail.com.|Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA. viahossein@gmail.com.|Medical Nanotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. viahossein@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Seyed Hossein
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Mostafavi
authors.affiliation: Medical Nanotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. refaridi@sina.tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Reza Faridi
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Majidi
authors.affiliation: Novel Drug Delivery Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. mona_noory62@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mona Noori
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Koopaei
authors.affiliation: Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. n_shabani86@yahoo.com.|Novel Drug Delivery Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. n_shabani86@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Nazanin Shabani
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Ravari
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. moamini@sina.tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amini
authors.affiliation: Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. chopin1827@yahoo.com.|Medical Nanotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. chopin1827@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Behrad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Darvishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. ostadnas@tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Seyed Nasser
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Ostad
authors.affiliation: Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. atyabifa@tums.ac.ir.|Novel Drug Delivery Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. atyabifa@tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Atyabi
authors.affiliation: Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. dinarvand@tums.ac.ir.|Novel Drug Delivery Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. dinarvand@tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Rassoul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dinarvand
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D058726:Nanoconjugates / Q000737:chemistry*; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010316:Particle Size; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D058726:Nanoconjugates; D012709:Serum Albumin; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D017239:Paclitaxel