title: Recent trends in placenta accreta in the United States and its impact on maternal-fetal morbidity and healthcare-associated costs, 1998-2011.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the prevalence, trends, adverse maternal-fetal morbidities and healthcare costs associated with placenta accreta (PA) in the United States (US) between 1998 and 2011.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of inpatient hospital discharges was conducted using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS). We used International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes to identify both cases of PA and of selected comorbidities. Survey logistic regression was used to assess the association between PA and various maternal-fetal outcomes. Joinpoint regression modeling was used to estimate annual percent changes (APCs) in PA prevalence during the study period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of PA from 1998 to 2011 was 3.7 per 1000 delivery-related discharges. After adjusting for known or suspected confounders, PA conferred between a 20% to over a 19-fold increased odds of experiencing an adverse outcome. This resulted in a higher mean, per-hospitalization, cost of inpatient care after adjustment for inflation ($5561 versus $4989), translating into over $115 million dollars in additional inpatient expenditures relative to non-PA affected deliveries from 2001 to 2011.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study updates recent trends in the prevalence of PA, which is valuable to clinicians and policymakers as they formulate targeted strategies to address factors related to PA.
authors.affiliation: a Community and Health Systems, Indiana University , Indianapolis , IN , USA .
authors.forename: Mulubrhan F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Mogos
authors.affiliation: b Department of Family and Community Medicine , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA , and.
authors.forename: Jason L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Salemi
authors.affiliation: c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of South Florida, Morsani School of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ashley
authors.affiliation: c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of South Florida, Morsani School of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA.
authors.forename: Valerie E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Whiteman
authors.affiliation: b Department of Family and Community Medicine , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA , and.
authors.forename: Hamisu M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Salihu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015897:Comorbidity / Q000639:trends; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D010921:Placenta Accreta / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Birth outcomes; cost; placenta accreta; pregnancy; trend