title: Collagen and gelatin.
abstract: Collagen and gelatin have been widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries due to their excellent biocompatibility, easy biodegradability, and weak antigenicity. Fish collagen and gelatin are of renewed interest, owing to the safety and religious concerns of their mammalian counterparts. The structure of collagen has been studied using various modern technologies, and interpretation of the raw data should be done with caution. The structure of collagen may vary with sources and seasons, which may affect its applications and optimal extraction conditions. Numerous studies have investigated the bioactivities and biological effects of collagen, gelatin, and their hydrolysis peptides, using both in vitro and in vivo assay models. In addition to their established nutritional value as a protein source, collagen and collagen-derived products may exert various potential biological activities on cells in the extracellular matrix through the corresponding food-derived peptides after ingestion, and this might justify their applications in dietary supplements and pharmaceutical preparations. Moreover, an increasing number of novel applications have been found for collagen and gelatin. Therefore, this review covers the current understanding of the structure, bioactivities, and biological effects of collagen, gelatin, and gelatin hydrolysates as well as their most recent applications.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China; email: liudasong68@163.com , zhoupeng@jiangnan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Dasong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nikoo
authors.forename: Gökhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Boran
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Joe M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Regenstein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003094:Collagen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005780:Gelatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D011487:Protein Conformation; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena
chemical_list: D005780:Gelatin; D003094:Collagen
keywords: bioactivity; biological effects; collagen; gelatin; nonconventional applications