title: The value of the apoB/apoAΙ ratio and the non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio in predicting carotid atherosclerosis among Chinese individuals with metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), which is a good predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, among individuals with MetS, direct comparative data regarding the utility of the apoB/apoAΙ ratio and the non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio to diagnose carotid atherosclerosis are scarce, particularly in Chinese populations. We aimed to determine the relationship between the apoB/apoAΙ ratio and the non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio and carotid atherosclerosis among Chinese individuals with MetS.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective study of 5822 Chinese participants who underwent a routine health screening examination. Lipid profiles, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, CRP, apoB, apoAΙ and CIMT were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed that among Chinese individuals with MetS, men (53.95±0.58 ys) developed carotid atherosclerosis at a younger age than women (58.47±1.17 ys) (P<0.001). Both the apoB/apoAΙ ratio and the non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio positively correlated with carotid atherosclerosis among Chinese individuals with MetS, particularly among women. Meanwhile, CIMT increased progressively across the quartiles of the non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio (P for trend, <0.05). Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that the AUC of the apoB/apoAΙ ratio (0.561) was higher than that of the non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio (0.522) in men (P<0.05) and the AUC of the apoB/apoAΙ ratio (0.640) was lower than that of the non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio (0.695) in women (P<0.05). Among Chinese individuals with MetS, the AUC of the non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio was more prominent among women compared with men (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that among individuals with MetS, Chinese men develop carotid atherosclerosis at a much younger age than women. There were no significant differences between the apoB/apoAΙ ratio and the non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio for the prediction of carotid atherosclerosis among Chinese individuals with MetS. Among Chinese individuals with MetS, the utility of the non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio was found to be greater among women than among men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China. zejykqgm@163.com.
authors.forename: Guangming
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88# Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China. 826139284@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jiangfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88# Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China. zhangcj2000@shou.com.
authors.forename: Chenjing
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88# Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China. tangxx2000@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoxiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88# Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China. luolaishengzju@163.com.
authors.forename: Laisheng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88# Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China. wujiaqi_12@126.com.
authors.forename: Jiaqi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88# Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China. 1181860793@qq.com.
authors.forename: Lingang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88# Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China. 875026510@qq.com.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88# Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China. tao_lisha@126.com.
authors.forename: Lisha
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China. shrshen@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shengrong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: UND Life Sciences, 2020 S 360th St., Federal Way, WA, 98003, USA. undurti@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Undurti N
authors.initials: UN
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88# Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China. wspan223@163.com.|Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital Binjiang Campus, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China. wspan223@163.com.
authors.forename: Wensheng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood*; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood*; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL