title: Myricetin derived from Hovenia dulcis Thunb. ameliorates vascular endothelial dysfunction and liver injury in high choline-fed mice.
abstract: The present study was conducted to explore the protective effects of myricetin (MYR) purified from Hovenia dulcis Thunb. against vascular endothelial dysfunction and liver injury in mice fed with 3% dietary choline water. MYR was shown to possess strong scavenging activities against DPPH˙, HO˙, and O2˙(-) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power in vitro. Mice fed 3% dietary choline water for 8 weeks significantly displayed vascular endothelial dysfunction and liver oxidative stress (p < 0.01). Furthermore, continuous administration of MYR at 400 and 800 mg per kg bw in choline-fed mice could significantly decrease the high choline diet-induced elevation of serum total cholesterol (TC), total triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), endothelin 1 (ET-1) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) levels as well as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, while the choline-induced decline of serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), endothelin nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) levels could be markedly elevated in mice (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). Meanwhile, MYR at 400 and 800 mg per kg bw also increased hepatic total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and decreased hepatic malonaldehyde (MDA) and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels in mice, relative to choline-treated mice (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). These results together with conventional haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Oil Red O staining observation of the liver and vascular tissues suggested that MYR exerted a significant protective role against high choline diet-induced endothelial dysfunction and liver injury in mice. This is the first report showing that high intake of dietary choline can induce liver damage and that MYR can ameliorate choline-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction and liver injury.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China. xbyang@snnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jianjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Yonghong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Daoyuan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Xingbin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D002794:Choline / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D027823:Rhamnaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D005419:Flavonoids; D014280:Triglycerides; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C040015:myricetin; D002784:Cholesterol; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione; D002794:Choline