title: Three-dimensional nanoscale molecular imaging by extreme ultraviolet laser ablation mass spectrometry.
abstract: Analytical probes capable of mapping molecular composition at the nanoscale are of critical importance to materials research, biology and medicine. Mass spectral imaging makes it possible to visualize the spatial organization of multiple molecular components at a sample's surface. However, it is challenging for mass spectral imaging to map molecular composition in three dimensions (3D) with submicron resolution. Here we describe a mass spectral imaging method that exploits the high 3D localization of absorbed extreme ultraviolet laser light and its fundamentally distinct interaction with matter to determine molecular composition from a volume as small as 50 zl in a single laser shot. Molecular imaging with a lateral resolution of 75 nm and a depth resolution of 20 nm is demonstrated. These results open opportunities to visualize chemical composition and chemical changes in 3D at the nanoscale.
authors.affiliation: 1] NSF Center for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA [2] Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Ilya
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kuznetsov
authors.affiliation: 1] NSF Center for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA [2] Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Filevich
authors.affiliation: 1] NSF Center for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA [2] Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: 1] NSF Center for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA [2] Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Woolston
authors.affiliation: 1] NSF Center for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA [2] Center for X-Ray Optics, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Weilun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.affiliation: 1] NSF Center for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA [2] Center for X-Ray Optics, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Erik H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: 1] NSF Center for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA [2] Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Elliot R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Dean C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Crick
authors.affiliation: 1] NSF Center for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA [2] Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA [3] Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Jorge J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rocca
authors.affiliation: 1] NSF Center for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA [2] Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA [3] Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Carmen S
authors.identifier: 0000000191852572
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Menoni
mesh_terms: D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D053685:Laser Therapy; D007834:Lasers; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays