title: Psychological effects of dysphonia in voice professionals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the psychological effects of dysphonia in voice professionals compared to non-voice professionals and in both genders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight 48 voice professionals and 52 non-voice professionals with dysphonia were included in this study. All participants underwent a complete ear, nose, and throat examination and an evaluation for pathologies that might affect vocal quality. Participants were asked to complete the Turkish versions of the Voice Handicap Index-30 (VHI-30), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). HADS scores were evaluated as HADS-A (anxiety) and HADS-D (depression). Dysphonia status was evaluated by grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, and strain (GRBAS) scale perceptually. The results were compared statistically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences between the two groups were evident when the VHI-30 and PSS data were compared (P = .00001 and P = .00001, respectively). However, neither HADS score (HADS-A and HADS-D) differed between groups. An analysis of the scores in terms of sex revealed that females had significantly higher PSS scores (P = .006). The GRBAS scale revealed no difference between groups (P = .819, .931, .803, .655, and .803, respectively). No between-sex differences in the VHI-30 or HADS scores were evident
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that voice professionals and females experienced more stress and were more dissatisfied with their voices.
  
  
  METHODS
  4.
authors.affiliation: ENT Clinic, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ziya
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Salturk
authors.affiliation: ENT Clinic, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tolgar Lutfi
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Kumral
authors.affiliation: ENT Clinic, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Imran
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aydoğdu
authors.affiliation: ENT Clinic, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arslanoğlu
authors.affiliation: ENT Clinic, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Güler
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berkiten
authors.affiliation: ENT Clinic, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Güven
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yildirim
authors.affiliation: ENT Clinic, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yavuz
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uyar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D055154:Dysphonia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D014831:Voice / Q000502:physiology*; D014833:Voice Quality / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Dysphonia; anxiety; depression; stress; voice professional