title: [Mechanism of thioridazine-induced apoptosis of human colorectal cancer SW480 cells].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of thioridazine on the proliferation and apoptosis of human colorectal cancer SW480 cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  SW480 cells were treated with different concentrations of thioridazine, and MTT assay was used to evaluate the cell inhibition rate. Hoechst 33342 staining was performed to demonstrate the cell morphology changes. Flow cytometry was used to determine the cell apoptosis and cell cycle changes. RT-qPCR was used to detect PDCD4, c-MYC, BCL2, CCND1, CASPASE3, PARP1, CDK4 and EIF4A mRNA expressions, and Western blotting was employed to assay AKT, p-AKT, and PDCD4 protein expression levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MTT results showed that thioridazine inhibits the proliferation of SW480 cells. SW480 cells treated with thioridazine presented with such typical features of apoptosis of karyopyknosis, chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation. Flow cytometry showed that thioridazine was a cell cycle-specific drug and caused cell cycle arrest at G(1)/G(0) phase and an increased cell apoptosis rate. Thioridazine treatment of the cells resulted in up-regulated PDCD4 mRNA expression and down-regulated mRNA expressions of CCND1, CDK4, c-MYC, BCL2, CASPASE3, PARP1 and EIF4A, increased PDCD4 protein expression and reduced p-AKT protein expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thioridazine inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis of SW480 cells by up-regulating PDCD4 and inhibiting PI3K/Akt pathway.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China. E-mail: liujinkun007@163.com.
authors.forename: Jin-Kun
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ya-Juan
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Jia-Wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hong-Bing
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Kang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D006801:Humans; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013881:Thioridazine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C114487:PDCD4 protein, human; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D013881:Thioridazine