title: Respiratory viruses and torque teno virus in adults with acute respiratory infections.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define the molecular epidemiology of respiratory viral infections in adult patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nasal and throat swabs were collected from all adult patients with influenza-like illness (ILI), acute respiratory infection (ARI), or severe ARI (SARI) admitted to a tertiary hospital in Surakarta, Indonesia, between March 2010 and April 2011 and analyzed for 19 respiratory viruses and for torque teno virus (TTV) and human gyrovirus (HGyV).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Respiratory viruses were detected in 61.3% of the subjects, most of whom had ARI (90.8%, OR = 11.39), were hospitalized (96.9%, OR = 22.31), had asthma exacerbation (90.9%, OR = 8.67), and/or had pneumonia (80%, OR = 4.0). Human rhinovirus (HRV) A43 predominated. Influenza A H3N2, human metapneumovirus (HMPV) subtypes A1 and A2, the influenza B virus, human adenovirus B, and human coronavirus OC43 were also detected. All respiratory viruses were detected in the transition month between the rainy and dry seasons. No mixed respiratory virus infection was found. Coinfections of the influenza A H3N2 virus with TTV, HMPV with TTV, HRV with TTV, and human parainfluenza virus-3 with TTV were found in 4.7, 2.8, 19.8, and 0.9% of the samples, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study highlights the need to perform routine detection of respiratory viruses in adults hospitalized with ARI, asthma exacerbation, and/or pneumonia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36A, Surakarta 57126 (Indonesia). afie.agp.la @ gmail.com
authors.forename: Afiono Agung
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Prasetyo
authors.forename: Martinus Nuherwan
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Desyardi
authors.forename: Jimmy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tanamas
authors.lastname: Suradi
authors.lastname: Reviono
authors.lastname: Harsini
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kageyama
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chikumi
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shimizu
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001249:Asthma; D018173:Circoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D060085:Coinfection; D004266:DNA Virus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D046810:Gyrovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009981:Influenza B virus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D008875:Middle Aged; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D012229:Rhinovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012621:Seasons; D022783:Torque teno virus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D055815:Young Adult