title: Association of adiponectin with type 2 diabetes and hypertension in African American men and women: the Jackson Heart Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adiponectin is a biomarker that is associated with type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Lower circulating level is a risk factor. Higher levels are protective. African Americans have a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes and hypertension and lower levels of adiponectin when compared to other racial/ethnic groups. Little is known about the association of adiponectin on these health outcomes among African Americans. The purpose of the study was to assess the association of adiponectin on type 2 diabetes and hypertension likelihood among African American men and women in the Jackson Heart Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Separate multivariate logistic regressions were conducted stratified by sex based on cross-sectional data with type 2 diabetes and hypertension as the outcomes. Adiponectin was divided into four quartiles with the highest quartile as the reference. Data was collected from 2000-2004 on 3,663 participants. Data analysis was conducted in calendar year 2014. Two- tailed P < .05 was established as level of significance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the adjusted multivariate models, adiponectin level was inversely associated with type 2 diabetes among women (odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.47, [1.02, 2.11], P = .04). There was no association among men. Women with the lowest level of adiponectin were less likely to be hypertensive (OR, 95% CI = 0.66, [0.46, 0.95], p = .02). There was no association among men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings reveal differential associations between levels of adiponectin with type 2 diabetes and hypertension likelihood among African American women. More research is needed to elucidate this differential association.
authors.affiliation: National Human Genome Research Institute, Genomics of Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Branch, Social Epidemiology Research Unit, 10 Center Drive, 20892, Bethesda, MD, USA. sharon.davis@nih.gov.
authors.forename: Sharon K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: National Human Genome Research Institute, Genomics of Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Branch, Social Epidemiology Research Unit, 10 Center Drive, 20892, Bethesda, MD, USA. samson.gebreab@nih.gov.
authors.forename: Samson Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Gebreab
authors.affiliation: National Human Genome Research Institute, Genomics of Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Branch, Social Epidemiology Research Unit, 10 Center Drive, 20892, Bethesda, MD, USA. ruihua.xu@nih.gov.
authors.forename: Ruihua
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: National Human Genome Research Institute, Genomics of Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Branch, Social Epidemiology Research Unit, 10 Center Drive, 20892, Bethesda, MD, USA. teresa.riestra@nih.gov.
authors.forename: Pia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Riestra
authors.affiliation: National Human Genome Research Institute, Genomics of Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Branch, Social Epidemiology Research Unit, 10 Center Drive, 20892, Bethesda, MD, USA. rumana.khan@nih.gov.
authors.forename: Rumana J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Section on Ethnicity and Health, 10 Center Drive, 20892, Bethesda, MD, USA. annes@intra.niddk.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Anne E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Sumner
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North Street, 39216, Jackson, MS, USA. dhickson@umc.edu.
authors.forename: DeMarc
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hickson
authors.affiliation: Indiana University Bloomington, School of Public Health, 1025 E. 7th Street, Suite 111, 47405, Bloomington, IN, USA. abidules@indiana.edu.
authors.forename: Aurelian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bidulescu
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000208:ethnology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008922:Mississippi / Q000453:epidemiology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers