title: Electrochemical sensor based on polystyrene sulfonate-carbon nanopowders composite for Cu (II) determination.
abstract: A differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetric (DPASV) method, with an open circuit (OC) approach in the pre-concentration step has been developed for copper ion determination at very low concentration level using a sensor based on a polystyrene sulfonate-carbon nanopowders (PSS-CnP) composite. This composite material is easily prepared from ultrasonic assisted dispersions of CnP in aqueous solution of PSS. For preparation of sensor devices, a reproducible and inexpensive drop coating procedure of the surface of home-made pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs) using a CnP dispersion in PSS was performed. At the optimal conditions for accumulation (0.01molL(-1) KNO3 at pH 3) and measurement steps (a reduction potential of -0.5V for 60s and then, an anodic DPV scan) and using a pre-concentration time of 300s, the limit of detection was 0.11µgL(-1) (1.73nM). This OC-DPASV method using the PSS-CnP-PGE sensor was successfully employed for Cu(II) determination in mineral, river and sea water samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Avenue of Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cantalapiedra
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Avenue of Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M Jesús
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gismera
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Avenue of Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesús R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Procopio
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Avenue of Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: teresa.sevilla@uam.es.
authors.forename: M Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Sevilla
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis*; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D006108:Graphite; D057230:Limit of Detection; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry*; D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D011208:Powders / Q000737:chemistry*; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D012623:Seawater / Q000032:analysis; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic
chemical_list: D011137:Polystyrenes; D011208:Powders; C003321:polystyrene sulfonic acid; D002244:Carbon; D006108:Graphite; D003300:Copper
keywords: Carbon nanopowders; Composites; Copper ion; Polystyrene sulfonate; Water analysis