title: Stem cell therapies for systemic lupus erythematosus: current progress and established evidence.
abstract: Systemic lupus erythematosus is a multisystem autoimmune disease that, despite the advances in immunosuppressive medical therapies, remains potentially fatal in some patients, especially in treatment-refractory patients. In recent years, hematopoietic stem cells and, most recently, mesenchymal stem cells have been used to treat drug-resistant cases. Some progress was made, but there are still some issues to be resolved in the clinic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, China.
authors.forename: Dandan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lingyun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001691:Biological Therapy; D004351:Drug Resistance; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000628:therapy*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation
keywords: hematopoietic stem cells; immunomodulation; mesenchymal stem cells; systemic lupus erythematosus; transplantation