title: Minimizing Concentration of Sodium Hypochlorite in Root Canal Irrigation by Combination of Ultrasonic Irrigation with Photodynamic Treatment.
abstract: Concentration of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is positively correlated with its effectiveness in root canal disinfection but negatively correlated with its biocompatibility. The objective of this in vitro study was to compare the bactericidal effects among ultrasonic irrigation with different concentration of NaOCl alone or together with photodynamic treatment (PDT) against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) in infected root canals. One hundred and twenty bovine root canals contaminated with E. faecalis were randomly distributed into 12 groups treated with different disinfection methods: PDT, ultrasonic irrigation with NaOCl at different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 2.5% and 5.25%), and ultrasonic irrigation with NaOCl at different concentrations plus PDT. Data of microorganism load were collected before and after disinfection and analyzed by one-way ANOVA and LSD tests. Significantly enhanced antibacterial effects were noticed in groups treated by PDT plus 2.0% or 2.5% NaOCl irrigation (P < 0.05). No statistical differences existed in bactericidal efficacy among groups of PDT plus ultrasonic irrigation with 2.0%, 2.5% or 5.25% NaOCl, and ultrasonic irrigation with 5.25% NaOCl alone (P > 0.05). Our study confirmed the feasibility to reduce the concentration of NaOCl to a safer level while maintaining its antibacterial efficiency through synergistic effect of PDT with NaOCl ultrasonic irrigation.
authors.affiliation: School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.|Key Laboratory of Stomatology (FMU), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
authors.forename: Yanhuang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.|Key Laboratory of Stomatology (FMU), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
authors.forename: Suli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.|Fujian Anxi County Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.
authors.forename: Dianfu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.|Key Laboratory of Stomatology (FMU), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.|Department of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
authors.forename: Zhiyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014465:Ultrasonics
chemical_list: D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite