title: Host response to respiratory syncytial virus infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the leading cause of bronchiolitis and hospitalization in young infants and causes 100, 000-200, 000 deaths annually. There is still no licensed vaccine against RSV infection and the therapeutic options are mainly supportive. Despite almost six decades of research, important knowledge gaps remain with respect to the characterization of immune mechanisms responsible for protection and pathogenesis, as well as to the identification of risk factors that predict the severity of infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Observations made in mouse models and young children suggest that the early innate immune response plays a major role in the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis due to RSV infection. Recent studies have improved our understanding of the role of the adaptive immune response mediated by TH1, TH2, TH17, regulatory T cells, and CD8 T cells in the pathogenesis and resolution of RSV infection. Moreover, investigations performed in the last years have made important contributions to our knowledge of the immune response in young children, the principal risk group for severe disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A comprehensive understanding of how the protective and deleterious immune response during the course of RSV infection is induced in young children remains a challenge over the coming years.
authors.affiliation: aInstituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), UBA-CONICET, Hospital de Clínicas 'José de San Martín' bHospital General de Niños 'Pedro de Elizalde' cInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arruvito
authors.forename: Silvina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raiden
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Geffner
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007223:Infant; D051379:Mice; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D022261:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D012136:Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D022261:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines