title: [Role and mechanism of all-trans retinoic acid in up-regulating apelin expression in vascular smooth muscle cells].
abstract: This study was aimed to investigate the mechanism of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) up-regulating apelin expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The effect of ATRA on apelin expression in the VSMCs was investigated by RT-PCR, real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. To further define whether retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) mediated the induction of apelin by ATRA, endogenous RARα was down regulated by transfection of siRNA against RARα (si-RARα) or RARα was over-expressed by infection of the adenovirus vector pAd-GFP-RARα in the VSMCs. The results showed that ATRA significantly induced apelin expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner in the VSMCs. Although RARα expression was increased in a time-dependent manner, the expressions of RARβ and RARγ were little changed by the ATRA treatment. When VSMCs were treated with a RARα antagonist Ro 41-5253 prior to the addition of ATRA, or si-RARα was used to down regulate endogenous RARα expression, the blockade of RARα signaling partially reduced the response of apelin to ATRA. Moreover, RARα over-expression, induced by infection of pAd-GFP-RARα, further increased the induction of apelin by ATRA. In conclusion, ATRA may up-regulate apelin expression in VSMCs, and the mechanism may be RARα dependent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Medical College of Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Rui
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kaifeng Children's Hospital, Kaifeng 475004, China.
authors.forename: Bao-Hui
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Medical College of Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
authors.forename: Ming-Liang
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Medical College of Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Medical College of Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China. wbfyky@tom.com.
authors.forename: Bao-Fang
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001565:Benzoates; D002839:Chromans; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000378:metabolism*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072482:Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014162:Transfection; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D000097768:Retinoic Acid Receptor gamma
chemical_list: D001565:Benzoates; D002839:Chromans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D000072482:Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha; D014212:Tretinoin; D000097768:Retinoic Acid Receptor gamma; C084904:Ro 41-5253