title: Impact of post prostate biopsy hemorrhage on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hemorrhage induced by prostate biopsy can interfere with the interpretation of prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed 101 patients who had prostate multiparametric MRI (MP-MRI) and radical prostatectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On MRI obtained within 4 weeks following the biopsy, hemorrhage was seen in 26/36 (72.2%) patients. Patients having a MRI between 4-6 weeks of the biopsy had hemorrhage in 8/14 (57.1%) cases. After 6 weeks, hemorrhage was less common but still present in 24/46 (52%) patients. There were five patients who had prostate MRI prior to biopsy and served as a control group. There was no significant correlation between the length of time beyond 6 weeks and the likelihood of having prostate hemorrhage on MRI. The overall sensitivity and specificity of MRI for predicting extracapsular extension (ECE) were 78.6% and 89%, respectively. However, if the analysis was limited to patients with MRI within 6 weeks from the time of biopsy, the sensitivity and specificity were similar: 80% and 90%, respectively. For patients with MRI obtained after 6 weeks, the sensitivity and specificity were 76.9% and 87.9%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prostate hemorrhage is seen in the majority of cases within 6 weeks of biopsy and can be seen in nearly half the patients even beyond 6 weeks. However, hemorrhage within 6 weeks of a biopsy does not interfere with assessment for ECE.
authors.affiliation: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Ali-Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sharif-Afshar
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koopman
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Quanlin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shkolyar
authors.forename: Rola
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saouaf
authors.forename: Hyung L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy / Q000009:adverse effects; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology*; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors