title: High-resolution imaging of the central nervous system: how novel imaging methods combined with navigation strategies will advance patient care.
abstract: This narrative review captures a subset of recent advances in imaging of the central nervous system. First, we focus on improvements in the spatial and temporal profile afforded by optical coherence tomography, fluorescence-guided surgery, and Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy. Next, we highlight advances in the generation and uses of imaging-based atlases and discuss how this will be applied to specific clinical situations. To conclude, we discuss how these and other imaging tools will be combined with neuronavigation techniques to guide surgeons in the operating room. Collectively, this work aims to highlight emerging biomedical imaging strategies that hold potential to be a valuable tool for both clinicians and researchers in the years to come.
authors.affiliation: Biophotonics and Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Hamza
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Farooq
authors.affiliation: Biophotonics and Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Genis
authors.affiliation: Biophotonics and Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alarcon
authors.affiliation: Biophotonics and Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vuong
authors.affiliation: Biophotonics and Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Jamil
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jivraj
authors.affiliation: Biophotonics and Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada; Physical Science-Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Victor X D
authors.initials: VX
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, SensoriMotor Rehabilitation Research Team of the Canadian Institute of Health Research, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cohen-Adad
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Fehlings
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address: david.cadotte@mail.utoronto.ca.
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Cadotte
mesh_terms: D000716:Anatomy, Artistic; D001271:Atlases as Topic; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D061848:Optical Imaging; D005791:Patient Care / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence
keywords: central nervous system imaging; human imaging atlas; magnetic resonance imaging; neuronavigation; optical coherence tomography