title: Measuring vaccine hesitancy: The development of a survey tool.
abstract: In March 2012, the SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy was convened to define the term "vaccine hesitancy", as well as to map the determinants of vaccine hesitancy and develop tools to measure and address the nature and scale of hesitancy in settings where it is becoming more evident. The definition of vaccine hesitancy and a matrix of determinants guided the development of a survey tool to assess the nature and scale of hesitancy issues. Additionally, vaccine hesitancy questions were piloted in the annual WHO-UNICEF joint reporting form, completed by National Immunization Managers globally. The objective of characterizing the nature and scale of vaccine hesitancy issues is to better inform the development of appropriate strategies and policies to address the concerns expressed, and to sustain confidence in vaccination. The Working Group developed a matrix of the determinants of vaccine hesitancy informed by a systematic review of peer reviewed and grey literature, and by the expertise of the working group. The matrix mapped the key factors influencing the decision to accept, delay or reject some or all vaccines under three categories: contextual, individual and group, and vaccine-specific. These categories framed the menu of survey questions presented in this paper to help diagnose and address vaccine hesitancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom and Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA. Electronic address: Heidi.Larson@lshtm.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Heidi J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom and Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
authors.forename: Caitlin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jarrett
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom and Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
authors.forename: William S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.affiliation: Independent Journalist and Documentary Filmmaker, India.
authors.forename: Mohuya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chaudhuri
authors.affiliation: Chinese Center for Disease Control, China.
authors.forename: Yuqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Eve
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dube
authors.affiliation: World Health Organization, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Dalhousie University, Canadian Centre for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Canada.
authors.forename: Noni E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom and Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
authors.forename: Rose
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D010290:Parents; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016312:Treatment Refusal; D014611:Vaccination / Q000523:psychology; D014612:Vaccines; D014944:World Health Organization
chemical_list: D014612:Vaccines
keywords: Measurement; Survey tool; Vaccination hesitancy; Vaccine hesitancy