title: Disability-adjusted Life Years Lost to Ischemic Heart Disease in Spain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The health indicator disability-adjusted life years combines the fatal and nonfatal consequences of a disease in a single measure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the burden of ischemic heart disease in 2008 in Spain by calculating disability-adjusted life years.
  
  
  METHODS
  The years of life lost due to premature death were calculated using the ischemic heart disease deaths by age and sex recorded in the Spanish National Institute of Statistics and the life-table in the 2010 Global Burden of Disease study. The years lived with disability, calculated for acute coronary syndrome, stable angina, and ischemic heart failure, used hospital discharge data and information from population studies. Disability weights were taken from the 2010 Global Burden of Disease study. We calculated crude and age standardized rates (European Standard Population). Univariate sensitivity analyses were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 2008, 539 570 disability-adjusted life years were lost due to ischemic heart disease in Spain (crude rate, 11.8/1000 population; standardized, 8.6/1000). Of the total years lost, 96% were due to premature death and 4% due to disability. Among the years lost due to disability, heart failure accounted for 83%, stable angina 15%, and acute coronary syndrome 2%. In the sensitivity analysis, weighting by age was the factor that changed the results to the greatest degree.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ischemic heart disease continues to have a huge impact on the health of our population, mainly because of premature death. The results of this study provide an overall vision of the epidemiologic situation in Spain and could serve as the basis for evaluating interventions targeting the acute and chronic manifestations of cardiac ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: nfernandez@isciii.es.
authors.forename: Nerea
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fernández de Larrea-Baz
authors.affiliation: Unidad Docente de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria Este, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Consuelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morant-Ginestar
authors.affiliation: Fundación Instituto de Investigación en Servicios de Salud, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Ferrán
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Catalá-López
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Informes de Salud y Estudios, Subdirección de Promoción de la Salud y Prevención, Consejería de Sanidad, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ricard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gènova-Maleras
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Álvarez-Martín
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D060050:Angina, Stable / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061213:Mortality, Premature; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality*; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D013030:Spain; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Años de vida ajustados por discapacidad; Burden of disease; Carga de enfermedad; Disability-adjusted life years; Isquemia miocárdica; Myocardial ischemia