title: Treatment Outcome and Metacognitive Change in CBT and GET for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies have reported that Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Graded Exercise Therapy (GET) are effective treatments for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and seventy-one patients undertook a course of either CBT (n = 116) or GET (n = 55) and were assessed on a variety of self-report measures at pre- and posttreatment and follow-up.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this paper we present analyses on treatment outcomes for CBT and GET in routine clinical practice and evaluate whether changes on subscales of the Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30) predict fatigue severity independently of changes in other covariates, and across the two treatment modalities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both CBT and GET were equally effective at decreasing fatigue, anxiety, and depression, and at increasing physical functioning. Changes on the subscales of the MCQ-30 were also found to have a significant effect on fatigue severity independently of changes in other covariates and across treatment modalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings from the current study suggest that CFS treatment protocols for CBT and GET, based on those from the PACE trial, achieve similar to poorer outcomes in routine clinical practice as in a RCT.
authors.affiliation: King's College London,Institute of Psychiatry,Psychology and Neuroscience, and Cascaid,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust,UK.
authors.forename: Bruce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Fernie
authors.affiliation: Royal Free Hampstead NHS Foundation Trust,London,UK.
authors.forename: Gabrielle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.affiliation: University of Manchester,UK.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.affiliation: Kingston University,Kingston upon Thames,UK.
authors.forename: Ana V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Nikčević
authors.affiliation: London South Bank University,UK.
authors.forename: Marcantonio M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Spada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods; D003863:Depression / Q000628:therapy; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005221:Fatigue / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D015673:Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000067489:Metacognition / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Cognitive behavioural therapy; chronic fatigue syndrome; graded exercise therapy; metacognitions; metacognitive change; outcomes evaluation