title: A high concentration of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 induces low-efficacy bone regeneration in sinus augmentation: a histomorphometric analysis in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to elucidate the efficacy of bone regeneration at the early stage of healing in rabbit sinuses grafted with a biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) carrier soaked in a high concentration of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2).
  
  
  METHODS
  Both maxillary sinuses of eight male rabbits were used. The sinus on one side (assigned randomly) was grafted with BCP loaded with rhBMP-2 (1.5 mg/ml; test group) using a soaking method, while the other was grafted with saline-soaked BCP (control group). After a 2-week healing period, the sinuses were analyzed by micro-computed tomography and histomorphometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total augmented area and soft tissue space were significantly larger in the test group than in the control group, whereas the opposite was true for the area of residual material and newly formed bone. Most of the new bone in the test group was localized to the Schneiderian membrane (SM), while very little bone formation was observed in the window and center regions of the sinus. New bone was distributed evenly in the control group sinuses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of this study, it appeared that application of a high concentration of rhBMP-2 soaked onto a BCP carrier inhibited bone regeneration from the pristine bone and increased soft tissue swelling and inflammatory response at the early healing stage of sinus augmentation, although osteoinductive potential was found along the SM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Youn
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Soo
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Chang
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ui-Won
authors.initials: UW
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000601:surgery*; D023421:Models, Animal; D011817:Rabbits; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C074950:hydroxyapatite-beta tricalcium phosphate; C499469:recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2
keywords: bone graft; bone morphogenetic protein-2; concentration; sinus augmentation