title: Measurement of patient radiation doses in certain urography procedures.
abstract: Patients are exposed to significant radiation doses during diagnostic and interventional urologic procedures. This study aimed to measure patient entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) and to estimate the effective dose during intravenous urography (IVU), extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL), and ascending urethogram (ASU) procedures. ESAK was measured in patients using calibrated thermo luminance dosimeters, GR200A). Effective doses (E) were calculated using the National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) software. A total of 179 procedures were investigated. 27.9 % of the patients underwent IVU procedures, 27.9 % underwent ESWL procedures and 44.2 % underwent ASU procedures. The mean ESAK was 2.1, 4.18 and 4.9 mGy for IVU, ESWL, and ASU procedures, respectively. Differences in patient ESAK for the same procedure were observed. The mean ESAK values were comparable with those in previous studies.
authors.affiliation: Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, PO Box 422, Alkharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia abdelmoneim_a@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sulieman
authors.affiliation: Medical Physics Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Barakat
authors.affiliation: King Saud Medical City (KSMC), Ministry of Health, Kingdom Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zailae
authors.affiliation: Basic Medical Science Department, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, PO Box 422, Alkharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abuderman
authors.affiliation: Medical Physics Department, University of Thessaly, Biopolis 41110 Larissa, Greece.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Theodorou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000388:Air; D000465:Algorithms; D002138:Calibration; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000379:methods; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012984:Software; D014521:Urethra / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014567:Urography / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D014965:X-Rays; D055815:Young Adult