title: miR-203 inhibition of renal cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting of FGF2.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer related mortality worldwide. Increasing evidence has shown that microRNAs function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in human malignancies, but the roles of miR-203 in human RCC is still unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  First, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect miR-203 expression in renal cancer cell lines and clear cell RCC (ccRCC) specimens. Then, the association of miR-203 expression with clinicopathological features and survival was later analyzed. Finally, the roles of miR-203 in regulation of tumor proliferation, migration, invasion, and target gene expression were further investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our study showed miR-203 was down-regulated in renal cancer cell lines and ccRCC specimens (P < 0.05). Respectively, the low miR-203 expression in ccRCC specimens was associated with advanced clinical features and poorer prognosis (P < 0.05). miR-203 expression was an independent prognostic marker of overall ccRCC patient survival in a multivariate analysis (P < 0.05). Transient forced expression of miR-203 inhibited renal cancer cell growth and metastasis (P < 0.05). In contrast, down-regulation of miR-203 expression promoted renal cancer cell growth and metastasis (P < 0.05). Mechanistic investigations confirmed FGF2 as a direct target of miR-203, and up-regulation of miR-203 could decrease expression of FGF2. Further investigation showed that ectopic expression of FGF2 partially reversed the inhibition effect of enforced miR-203 expression on the malignant phenotypes of renal cancer cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggested that miR-203 could be a potential prognostic marker and functions as a tumor suppressor in human renal cancer by post-transcriptionally targeting FGF2.
  The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/6828145701534108 .
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200011, China. xmx197630@163.com.
authors.forename: Mingxi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200011, China. mengg7631@126.com.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200011, China. kkkzhang331@sina.com.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200011, China. jzhou7913@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200011, China. zhongw1978@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200011, China. junda65@163.com.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Da
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005260:Female; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011379:Prognosis; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: C546703:MIRN203 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2