title: Nutrition Label Viewing during a Food-Selection Task: Front-of-Package Labels vs Nutrition Facts Labels.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Earlier research has identified consumer characteristics associated with viewing Nutrition Facts labels; however, little is known about those who view front-of-package nutrition labels. Front-of-package nutrition labels might appeal to more consumers than do Nutrition Facts labels, but it might be necessary to provide consumers with information about how to locate and use these labels.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study quantifies Nutrition Facts and front-of-package nutrition label viewing among American adult consumers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Attention to nutrition information was measured during a food-selection task.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty-three parents (mean age=38 years, mean body mass index [calculated as kg/m(2)]=28) and one of their children (aged 6 to 9 years) selected six foods from a university laboratory-turned-grocery aisle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were randomized to conditions in which front-of-package nutrition labels were present or absent, and signage explaining front-of-package nutrition labels was present or absent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adults' visual attention to Nutrition Facts labels and front-of-package nutrition labels was objectively measured via eye-tracking glasses.
  
  
  METHODS
  To examine whether there were significant differences in the percentages of participants who viewed Nutrition Facts labels vs front-of-package nutrition labels, McNemar's tests were conducted across all participants, as well as within various sociodemographic categories. To determine whether hypothesized factors, such as health literacy and education, had stronger relationships with front-of-package nutrition label vs Nutrition Facts label viewing, linear regression assessed the magnitude of relationships between theoretically and empirically derived factors and each type of label viewing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, front-of-package nutrition labels were more likely to be viewed than Nutrition Facts labels; however, for all subgroups, higher rates of front-of-package nutrition label viewership occurred only when signage was present drawing attention to the presence and meaning of front-of-package nutrition labels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consumers should receive education about the availability and use of new nutrition labels.
authors.forename: Dan J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Heidrick
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hodgin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D002648:Child; D002755:Choice Behavior; D054626:Consumer Health Information / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D005515:Food Labeling / Q000592:standards*; D018857:Food Packaging / Q000592:standards*; D005518:Food Preferences; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Consumer education; Eye tracking; Front-of-package nutrition labeling; Multiple traffic light; Nutrition information