title: Immunomodulatory and antiparasitic effects of garlic extract on Eimeria vermiformis-infected mice.
abstract: We investigated the immunomodulatory and parasiticidal effects of garlic extract on coccidiosis caused by Eimeria vermiformis infection in male ICR mice. One group received garlic extract daily until the end of the experiment by the oral route from 10 days prior to oral infection with 300 sporulated E. vermiformis oocysts (infected-garlic(+)). The other group served as a control positive with E. vermiformis infection alone (infected-garlic(-)). In the infected-garlic(+) group, garlic extract treatment induced a significant reduction in fecal oocyst output when compared with the infected-garlic(-) group. Histopathological, immunohistochemical, and gene expression analysis for inflammatory cytokines in ileal tissues showed that the garlic extract treatment impaired intracellular development of E. vermiformis during the early stages by increasing the number of intraepithelial CD8(+) T cells and decreasing IL-10 expression. This induced cell cytotoxicity which was reflected by a decrease in oocyst numbers in the intestinal villi and the feces, indicating anticoccidial effects of the garlic extract. However, further studies to explore the precise mechanism of the observed effects of garlic treatment during Eimeria infection are needed to verify our results.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi 1-1, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.
authors.forename: Atef Mohammed
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Ayman Samir
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Farid
authors.forename: Mohamed Ibrahim
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Desouky
authors.forename: Mouchira Mohammed
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mohi-Eldin
authors.forename: Mohie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haridy
authors.forename: Yoichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Horii
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000977:Antiparasitic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D003048:Coccidiosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D004539:Eimeria / Q000187:drug effects*; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005737:Garlic / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000977:Antiparasitic Agents; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D010936:Plant Extracts