title: Evidence for Flat Bands near the Fermi Level in Epitaxial Rhombohedral Multilayer Graphene.
abstract: The stacking order of multilayer graphene has a profound influence on its electronic properties. In particular, it has been predicted that a rhombohedral stacking sequence displays a very flat conducting surface state: the longer the sequence, the flatter the band. In such a flat band, the role of electron-electron correlation is enhanced, possibly resulting in high Tc superconductivity, magnetic order, or charge density wave order. Here we demonstrate that rhombohedral multilayers are easily obtained by epitaxial growth on 3C-SiC(111) on a 2° off-axis 6H-SiC(0001). The resulting samples contain rhombohedral sequences of five layers on 70% of the surface. We confirm the presence of the flat band at the Fermi level by scanning tunneling spectroscopy and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, in close agreement with the predictions of density functional theory calculations.
authors.affiliation: †Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (CNRS-LPN), Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France.
authors.forename: Debora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pierucci
authors.affiliation: †Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (CNRS-LPN), Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France.
authors.forename: Haikel
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sediri
authors.affiliation: †Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (CNRS-LPN), Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France.|‡Synchrotron-SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin, BP48, F91192 Cedex Gif sur Yvette, France.
authors.forename: Mahdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hajlaoui
authors.affiliation: †Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (CNRS-LPN), Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Christophe
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Girard
authors.affiliation: §Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux, et de Cosmochimie, UMR CNRS 7590, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Univ. Paris VI, MNHN, IRD, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brumme
authors.affiliation: §Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux, et de Cosmochimie, UMR CNRS 7590, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Univ. Paris VI, MNHN, IRD, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Calandra
authors.affiliation: †Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (CNRS-LPN), Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France.|§Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux, et de Cosmochimie, UMR CNRS 7590, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Univ. Paris VI, MNHN, IRD, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Velez-Fort
authors.affiliation: †Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (CNRS-LPN), Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Patriarche
authors.affiliation: ‡Synchrotron-SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin, BP48, F91192 Cedex Gif sur Yvette, France.
authors.forename: Mathieu G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Silly
authors.affiliation: ∥Laboratoire des multimateriaux et Interfaces, UMR 5615, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferro
authors.affiliation: ∥Laboratoire des multimateriaux et Interfaces, UMR 5615, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Soulière
authors.affiliation: ⊥UMR 7588, INSP, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.|#CNRS, UMR 7588, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marangolo
authors.affiliation: ‡Synchrotron-SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin, BP48, F91192 Cedex Gif sur Yvette, France.
authors.forename: Fausto
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sirotti
authors.affiliation: §Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux, et de Cosmochimie, UMR CNRS 7590, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Univ. Paris VI, MNHN, IRD, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mauri
authors.affiliation: †Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (CNRS-LPN), Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France.
authors.forename: Abdelkarim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ouerghi
keywords: STEM; STM/STS; angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy; density functional theory; flat band; rhombohedral multilayer graphene