title: Vitamin D₃ prevents the increase in ectonucleotidase activities and ameliorates lipid profile in type 1 diabetic rats.
abstract: This study was designed to assess the potential effect of vitamin D3 (VD3) in avoiding atherothrombosis by modulation of lipid metabolism and platelet activation in type 1 diabetic rats. Male wistar rats were divided into eight groups (n = 5-10): Control/Saline (Sal); Control/Metformin 500 mg/kg (Metf); Control/Vitamin D3 90 µg/kg (VD3); Control/Metformin 500 mg/kg + VD3 90 µg/kg (Metf + VD3); Diabetic/Saline (Sal); Diabetic/Metformin 500 mg/kg (Metf); Diabetic/Vitamin D3 90 µg/kg (VD3); Diabetic/Metformin 500 mg/kg + VD3 90 µg/kg (Metf + VD3). Treatments were administered during 30 days after diabetes induction with streptozotocin (STZ). After 31 days, the rats were euthanized and blood was collected and separated into serum and platelets, both used for lipid profile and ectonucleotidase activity assays, respectively. Ectonucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase (E-NTPDase), ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (E-NPP), and 5'-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase (E-ADA) were significantly higher in the Diabetic than in Control group. Treatment with Metf and/or VD3 prevented the increase in NTPDase and E-NPP activities in diabetic rats. Only Metf + VD3 significantly prevented the increase in 5'-nucleotidase. VD3 alone, but not Metf, prevented the increase in ADA activity when compared to saline-treated diabetic rats. Treatment of rats with VD3, Metf, and Metf + VD3 was also effective in the prevention of lipid metabolism disorder in diabetic and was able to ameliorate lipid metabolism in non-diabetic rats. These results provide evidence for the potential of Metf and VD3 in the treatment of platelet dysfunction and lipid metabolism impairment in T1D, which may be important in the control and prevention of atherothrombosis in diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, nice.calgaroto@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nicéia Spanholi
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Calgaroto
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: da Costa
authors.forename: Andréia Machado
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.forename: Luciane Belmonte
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Juliano Marchi
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: Diéssica
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dalenogare
authors.forename: Luana Paula
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Pelinson
authors.forename: Jucimara
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baldissarelli
authors.forename: Vera Maria
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Morsch
authors.forename: Maria Rosa Chitolina
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Schetinger
mesh_terms: D015720:5'-Nucleotidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000494:pharmacology; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D011755:Pyrophosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013311:Streptozocin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D002762:Cholecalciferol; D013311:Streptozocin; D008687:Metformin; D015720:5'-Nucleotidase; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D011755:Pyrophosphatases; C092064:ectonucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase