title: Low solubility in drug development: de-convoluting the relative importance of solvation and crystal packing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An increasing trend towards low solubility is a major issue for drug development as formulation of low solubility compounds can be problematic. This paper presents a model which de-convolutes the solubility of pharmaceutical compounds into solvation and packing properties with the intention to understand the solubility limiting features.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Cambridge Crystallographic Database was the source of structural information. Lattice energies were calculated via force-field based approaches using Materials Studio. The solvation energies were calculated applying quantum chemistry models using Cosmotherm software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The solubilities of 54 drug-like compounds were mapped onto a solvation energy/crystal packing grid. Four quadrants were identified were different balances of solvation and packing were defining the solubility. A version of the model was developed which allows for the calculation of the two features even in absence of crystal structure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although there are significant number of in-silico models, it has been proven very difficult to predict aqueous solubility accurately. Therefore, we have taken a different approach where the solubility is not predicted directly but is de-convoluted into two constituent features.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global R&D, Sandwich, Kent, UK.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Docherty
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global R&D, Sandwich, Kent, UK.
authors.forename: Klimentina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pencheva
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global R&D, Sandwich, Kent, UK.
authors.forename: Yuriy A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Abramov
mesh_terms: D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003460:Crystallization; D006801:Humans; D008956:Models, Chemical; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D014867:Water
keywords: crystal packing; drug delivery; pharmaceutics; solubility; solvation