title: Social and cultural environment factors influencing physical activity among african-american adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  African-American youth are at high risk for physical inactivity. This study explored social and cultural environment facilitators of physical activity among 12- to 14-year-old African-American adolescents living in a metropolitan area in the Southeast.
  
  
  METHODS
  Youth (n = 51; 45% male) participated in brainstorming focus groups responding to the prompt, "What about your family, friends, and community, encourages you to be physically active?" In a second meeting, participants (n = 56; 37.5% male) sorted statements (n = 84) based on similarity in meaning and rated statements on relative importance. Statement groups and ratings were entered into Concept Systems software where multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to create graphical representation of ideas. Finally, researchers named clusters according to the gestalt of grouped statements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total sample included 28.9% of youth with household incomes ≤$30,000 (area median income = $30,701), 29% who perceived themselves as overweight, and 14.5% who reported being active for 60+ minutes everyday. Nine clusters, in rank order, emerged as follows: access/availability of physical activity resources; family and friend support; physical activity with friends; physical activity with family members; inspiration to/from others; parental reinforcement; opportunities in daily routine; pressure from social networks; and seeing consequences of activity/inactivity. Themes analyzed by gender were very similar (r = .90); however, "pressure from social networks" was more important for girls than boys (r = .10).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clear patterns of social and cultural facilitators of physical activity are perceived by African-American adolescents. Interventions targeting this group may benefit by incorporating these themes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, UAB School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama. Electronic address: mbaskin@uab.edu.
authors.forename: Monica L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Baskin
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Institute for Community Health Promotion, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
authors.forename: Akilah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dulin-Keita
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, Brown Alpert Medical School and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island.
authors.forename: Herpreet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thind
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Godsey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D004777:Environment; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D015144:Southeastern United States / Q000208:ethnology
keywords: African-American; Mixed methods; Physical activity; Youth