title: Monitoring for proteinuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline on diabetes recommends at least annual monitoring of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for proteinuria. To date, little has been published on the frequency of proteinuria monitoring in T2DM, and its association with risk factors for renal complications. We aimed to describe proteinuria monitoring in patients with T2DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study identified patients with T2DM aged 40 years or older with the first antidiabetic drug use in 2007-2012 (cohort entry) in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink. At least 1 year of registration before and after cohort entry was required. A test was considered undertaken if a medical or laboratory code indicated a urinary albumin or protein test. The percentage of patients with at least one test performed was obtained in 1 year after cohort entry and any time during follow-up. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the HRs of patients having the first screening test while adjusting for baseline covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  65 790 patients (mean age 63.0 years, men 57.5%, mean follow-up 41.0 months) were included, of whom 49 707 (75.6%) patients had at least one test in 1 year after antidiabetic drug initiation and 59 400 (90.3%) had at least one test any time during follow-up. Proteinuria monitoring decreased with time since initiation of antidiabetic drug therapy and with number of treatment changes and was independently associated with age, sex, smoking status, and year of antidiabetic drug initiation. 12.3% of patients with T2DM tested had a positive proteinuria test for the first screening performed in 1 year after initiation of antidiabetic drug therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggested suboptimal compliance with the NICE guideline on proteinuria monitoring in patients with T2DM and that level of monitoring appeared to depend on multiple clinical factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacoepidemiology , Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc. , Deerfield, Illinois , USA.
authors.forename: Huifang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Global Statistics , Takeda Development Centre Europe Ltd. , London , UK.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.affiliation: Observational Research Analytics , Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc. , Deerfield , USA.
authors.forename: Sudhakar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manne
authors.affiliation: Observational Research Analytics , Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc. , Deerfield , USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer Hsiang-Ling
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacoepidemiology , Takeda Development Centre Europe Ltd. , London , UK.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dolin
keywords: Proteinuria; Retrospective Study; Type 2 Diabetes