title: Management of severe community-acquired pneumonia in Brazil: a secondary analysis of an international survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to evaluate Brazilian physicians' perceptions regarding the diagnosis, severity assessment, treatment and risk stratification of severe community-acquired pneumonia patients and to compare those perceptions to current guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional international anonymous survey among a convenience sample of critical care, pulmonary, emergency and internal medicine physicians from Brazil between October and December 2008. The electronic survey evaluated physicians' attitudes towards the diagnosis, risk assessment and therapeutic interventions for patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 253 physicians responded to the survey, with 66% from Southeast Brazil. The majority (60%) of the responding physicians had > 10 years of medical experience. The risk assessment of severe community-acquired pneumonia was very heterogeneous, with clinical evaluation as the most frequent approach. Although blood cultures were recognized as exhibiting a poor diagnostic performance, these cultures were performed by 75% of respondents. In contrast, the presence of urinary pneumococcal and Legionella antigens was evaluated by less than 1/3 of physicians. The vast majority of physicians (95%) prescribe antibiotics according to a guideline, with the combination of a 3rd/4th generation cephalosporin plus a macrolide as the most frequent choice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This Brazilian survey identified an important gap between guidelines and clinical practice and recommends the institution of educational programs that implement evidence-based strategies for the management of severe community-acquired pneumonia.
authors.affiliation: Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Lígia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rabello
authors.affiliation: Unidade Polivalente de Terapia Intensiva, Hospital de São Francisco Xavier, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, CEDOC, Faculdade Médica NOVA, Nova Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Catarina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Conceição
authors.affiliation: Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Katia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ebecken
authors.affiliation: Unidade de Terapia Intensiva e Comitê de Controle de Infecção, Hospital das Clínicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Pneumologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Thiago
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lisboa
authors.affiliation: Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Fernando Augusto
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Bozza
authors.affiliation: Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Márcio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Unidade Polivalente de Terapia Intensiva, Hospital de São Francisco Xavier, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, CEDOC, Faculdade Médica NOVA, Nova Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Póvoa
authors.affiliation: Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Jorge Ibrain Figueira
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Salluh
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001938:Brazil; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents