title: Translating it into real life: a qualitative study of the cognitions, barriers and supports for key obesogenic behaviors of parents of preschoolers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about preschool parents' cognitions, barriers, supports and modeling of key obesogenic behaviors, including breakfast, fruit and vegetable consumption, sugary beverage intake, feeding practices, portion sizes, active playtime, reduced screen-time, sleep and selection of child-care centers with characteristics that promote healthy behaviors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine these factors via survey and focus groups among 139 parents of 2- to 5-year-old children. Standard content analysis procedures were used to identify trends and themes in the focus group data, and Analysis of Variance was used to test for differences between groups in the survey data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results showed 80% of parents ate breakfast daily, consumed sugary beverages 2.7 ± 2.5SD days per week, and had at least two different vegetables and fruits an average of 5.2 ± 1.8SD and 4.6 ± 2.0SD days per week. Older parents and those with greater education drank significantly fewer sugary drinks. Parents played actively a mean 4.2 ± 2.2 hours/week with their preschoolers, who watched television a mean 2.4 ± 1.7 hours/day. Many parents reported having a bedtime routine for their preschooler and choosing childcare centers that replaced screen-time with active play and nutrition education. Common barriers to choosing healthful behaviors included lack of time; neighborhood safety; limited knowledge of portion size, cooking methods, and ways to prepare healthy foods or play active indoor games; the perceived cost of healthy options, and family members who were picky eaters. Supports for performing healthful behaviors included planning ahead, introducing new foods and behaviors often and in tandem with existing preferred foods and behaviors, and learning strategies from other parents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future education programs with preschool parents should emphasize supports and encourage parents to share helpful strategies with each other.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 26 Nichol Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA. jmartin@njaes.rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martin-Biggers
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 26 Nichol Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA. kspaccar@kean.edu.|Department of Biological Sciences, Kean University, 1000 Morris Avenue, Union, NJ, 07082, USA. kspaccar@kean.edu.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Spaccarotella
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, 406 Shantz Building, 1177 E. 4th Street, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0038, USA. hongu@email.arizona.edu.
authors.forename: Nobuko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hongu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, 406 Shantz Building, 1177 E. 4th Street, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0038, USA. galleman@email.arizona.edu.
authors.forename: Gayle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alleman
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 26 Nichol Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA. worobey@rci.rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Worobey
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 26 Nichol Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA. bredbenner@aesop.rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Byrd-Bredbenner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001628:Beverages / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002656:Child Day Care Centers; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition; D004032:Diet / Q000379:methods; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D005638:Fruit; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016487:Parenting; D010290:Parents; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010988:Play and Playthings; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012890:Sleep; D012944:Social Support; D013690:Television; D014675:Vegetables