title: Dielectric studies on struvite urinary crystals, a gateway to the new treatment modality for urolithiasis.
abstract: Struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate (MAPH) are biological crystals, found in the kidney, which are formed due to the infection caused by urea splitting bacteria in the urinary tract. The struvite crystals observe different morphologies and were developed using single diffusion gel growth technique. The crystalline nature and its composition were studied from different characterization techniques like X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and FTIR. The dielectric behavior of the developed crystal was studied by varying temperature and at different frequencies. The parameters like dielectric constant, dielectric loss, ac conductivity, ac resistivity, impedance and admittance of the struvite crystals were calculated. The studies proved that the dielectric loss or dissipation heat is high in lower frequencies at normal body temperature, which develops a plasma state in the stones and in turn leads to the disintegration of urinary stones. The dielectric nature of the stones leads to the dielectric therapy, which will be a gateway for future treatment modality for urolithiasis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Photonics, Nuclear and Medical Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore 14, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Reshma
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rajan
authors.affiliation: Division of Photonics, Nuclear and Medical Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore 14, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: narunainambiraj@vit.ac.in.
authors.forename: N Arunai Nambi
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Raj
authors.affiliation: Division of Crystal Growth and Crystallography, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore 14, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Madeswaran
authors.affiliation: Division of Crystal Growth and Crystallography, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore 14, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: D Rajan
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Babu
mesh_terms: D003460:Crystallization; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D017097:Electric Impedance; D006801:Humans; D017616:Magnesium Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D000069877:Struvite; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000628:therapy*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D010710:Phosphates; D000069877:Struvite
keywords: Crystal growth; Dielectric; Phosphate; Spectroscopy; Struvite; Treatment