title: The effect of premenstrual syndrome and menstrual phase on postoperative pain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common finding in luteal phase of menstrual cycle resulting in several changes in woman life including pain sensation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the alterations of postoperative pain sensation in those with and without a history of PMS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 140 women in in postoperative period were assigned to four groups regarding luteal or follicular phase of menstrual cycle and the history of PMS and were evaluated regarding scale of pain sensation and morphine demand in recovery room. To evaluate the difference among the groups, Mann Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and Bonferroni tests were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with PMS presented higher pain sensation and analgesia request (P = 0.003). Patients in luteal phase showed less pain and analgesia request in two out of five studied outcomes (P = 0.075).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most comfortable postoperative women were those in luteal phase without history of PMS group.
authors.affiliation: Preventative Gynecology Research Center (PGRC), Imam Hossein Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Maliheh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arab
authors.affiliation: Imam Hossein Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mirkheshti
authors.affiliation: Preventative Gynecology Research Center (PGRC), Imam Hossein Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Giti
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Noghabaei
authors.affiliation: Preventative Gynecology Research Center (PGRC), Imam Hossein Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Adeleh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ashori
authors.affiliation: Preventative Gynecology Research Center (PGRC), Imam Hossein Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Tahereh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ghasemi
authors.affiliation: Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Mostafa
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hosseini-Zijoud
keywords: Menstrual Cycle; Pain Perception; Postoperative Pain; Premenstrual Syndrome; Women