title: Phenotype and molecular characteristics in 45 Chinese children with 5α-reductase type 2 deficiency from South China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Affected by steroid 5α-reductase type 2 deficiency (5α-RD2), 46, XY individuals present divergent phenotypes characterized by undervirilization of male external genitalia. To identify the disorder, mutational analysis of 5α-reductase type 2 gene (SRD5A2) is a reliable approach. The genotype-phenotype relationship has not been elucidated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To improve the diagnosis and expand the knowledge of the disease, we collected and analysed relevant data of clinical diagnosis, biological investigation and molecular determination in 45 children with the SRD5A2 gene mutations from South China in our centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied a cohort of 45 Chinese children with SRD5A2 gene mutations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Isolated microphallus (35·6%) and microphallus associated with various degrees of hypospadias (55·6%) were frequent phenotype. Female external genitalia with clitoromegaly (8·9%) were rare. 16 of 18 (88·9%) cases had hCG-stimulated T/DHT ratio above 10. In 45 patients, we identified 15 different mutations. Five have never been described: p.His90ThrfsX31, p.Gly21Arg, p.Gly149Asp, p.Arg145Leu and p.Gly66Arg. The p.Arg227Gln mutation was detected in 41 (91·1%) patients. The p.Leu89Val polymorphism was found in 38 (84·4%) patients. Homozygous mutations were presented in 16 (35·6%) patients, compound heterozygous mutations in 20 (44·4%) patients, compound heterozygous mutations alone with the p.Leu89Val polymorphism in nine (20·0%) patients. Exons 1 and 4 were most affected, and the number of mutant alleles per exon was 78·1% and 12·2%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study demonstrated a wide spectrum of phenotypes, biological profiles and genotypes in the children with 5α-RD2 from South China. The heterozygous mutation p.Arg227Gln is presumably a hot spot mutation and suggests a founder effect in the population of South China that may explain a moderate phenotype among our patients. Our report provides new insights into the molecular mechanism of 5α-RD2 and help to the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Ruizhu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Guochang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Huiying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Xiuzhen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Zhihong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D013741:3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D058490:Disorder of Sex Development, 46,XY / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D043202:Steroid Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D013741:3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase