title: Gelsolin, NF-κB, and p53 expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: Impact on outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the prognostic significance of Gelsolin, NF-κB, and p53 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CRCC), which has an unpredictable behavior and tendency for recurrence and metastasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemistry was performed on 100 consecutive cases of CRCC using antibodies against Gelsolin, NF-κB, and p53. Tumors were grouped by nuclear grade (NG) as low NG (NG1, 2) or high NG (NG3, 4), and by pathological stage as localized (pT1, 2) or locally invasive (pT3, 4). Clinical stage was grouped as early stage (stage I, II) or late stage (stage III, IV). Evaluation was based on cytoplasmic (NF-κB(Cyt)) and nuclear (NF-κB(Nuc)) expression for NF-κB, nuclear expression for p53, membranous and cytoplasmic expression for Gelsolin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gelsolin expression correlated with high NG (p = 0.001), metastasis (p = 0.003), late stage (p = 0.008), and cancer death (p = 0.001). NF-κB(Cyt) expression correlated with high NG (p = 0.002), perirenal invasion (p = 0.010), local invasion (p = 0.020), and late stage (p= 0.003). NF-κB(Nuc) expression failed to predict the prognosis of CRCC. p53 expression correlated with high NG (p = 0.045), lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.05), metastasis (p = 0.001), late stage (p = 0.028), and cancer death (p = 0.034). However, only Gelsolin was found to correlate with disease-specific survival, (p = 0.006), and neither NF-κB nor p53 showed such relation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Expressions of Gelsolin, NF-κB(Cyt), and p53 associated with aggressive behavior of CRCC, while Gelsolin expression specifically indicated poor disease-specific survival. The results of the present study served to determine biomarkers for predicting high-risk patients with CRCC, expected to show aggressive phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Medical School of Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: duygu.kankaya@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Duygu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kankaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Medical School of Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Saba
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kiremitci
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Medical School of Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozden
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tulunay
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical School of Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sumer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baltaci
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D018260:Gelsolin / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018260:Gelsolin; D016328:NF-kappa B; C495901:TP53 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
keywords: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma; Gelsolin; Nuclear factor kappa B; Prognosis; p53