title: Soluble epoxide hydrolase null mice exhibit female and male differences in regulation of vascular homeostasis.
abstract: Increased CYP epoxygenase activity and consequently up regulation of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) levels provides protection against metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. Conversion of arachidonic acid epoxides to diols by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) diminishes the beneficial cardiovascular properties of these epoxyeicosanoids. We therefore examined the possible biochemical consequences of sEH deletion on vascular responses in male and female mice. Through the use of the sEH KO mouse, we provide evidence of differences in the compensatory response in the balance between nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), EETs and the vasoconstrictor 20-HETE in male and female KO mice. Serum levels of adiponectin, TNFα, IL-1b and MCP1 and protein expression in vascular tissue of p-AMPK, p-AKT and p-eNOS were measured. Deletion of sEH caused a significant (p<0.05) decrease in body weight, and an increase in adiponectin, pAMPK and pAKT levels in female KO mice compared to male KO mice. Gene deletion resulted in a higher production of renal EETs in female KO compared to male KO mice and, concomitantly, we observed an increase in renal 20-HETEs levels and superoxide anion production only in male KO mice. sEH deletion increased p-AKT and p-eNOS protein expression but decreased p-AMPK levels in female KO mice. Increased levels of p-eNOS at Thr-495 were observed only in KO male mice. While p-eNOS at 1177 were not significantly different between male and female. Nitric oxide production was unaltered in male KO mice. These results provide evidence of gender differences in the preservation of vascular homeostasis in response to sEH deletion which involves regulation of phosphorylation of eNOS at the 495 site.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vanella
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Canestraro
authors.affiliation: Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
authors.forename: Craig R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
authors.forename: Darryl C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Zeldin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
authors.forename: Michal L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Schwartzman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA. Electronic address: nader_abraham@nymc.edu.
authors.forename: Nader G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Abraham
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000378:metabolism*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000235:genetics; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D015777:Eicosanoids / Q000378:metabolism; D004851:Epoxide Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000235:genetics; D055786:Gene Knockout Techniques; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000235:genetics*; D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000235:genetics; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012694:Serine / Q000378:metabolism; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012995:Solubility; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D013912:Threonine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D015777:Eicosanoids; D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids; D013481:Superoxides; D013912:Threonine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D012694:Serine; C055987:20-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D004851:Epoxide Hydrolases
keywords: Adiponectin; EETs; pAKT; pAMPK