title: Characteristics of serum endocan levels in infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endocan is a newly recognized biomarker of sepsis. However, there have been no studies of the trends in endocan levels during infection and their associations with other clinical factors. The aim of this study was to assess the time course of endocan levels and the associations of endocan with clinical factors during infection by comparison with other biomarkers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum samples and blood cultures were obtained from patients who were diagnosed with infection from June 2013 to March 2014. Serum endocan, C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT) levels during four periods during infection were measured (day 0, day 1-2, day 3-5, and day 6-10).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 78 patients were enrolled in this study. The median endocan level decreased by only 23% during infection, whereas both serum CRP and PCT levels decreased by more than 80%. Endocan levels were correlated to neither CRP levels nor PCT levels in each period. Endocan levels at day 0 in patients with bacteremia were higher than those without bacteremia (1.09 ng/mL vs 0.82 ng/mL, P=0.002), but neither CRP levels nor PCT levels at day 0 were different between the two groups. Areas under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves of endocan, CRP, and PCT at day 0 were 0.662, 0.343, and 0.563, respectively. Positive blood cultures tended to be related to high endocan levels, but not significantly (odds ratio: 4.24, 95% CI: 0.99-10.34, P=0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In bacteremic cases, serum endocan levels in bacteremia tended to be higher than in non-bacteremic cases. Although endocan level was not identified as a prognostic factor of bacteremia, further prospective study concerning the relationship between serum endocan level and bacteremia would be needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takatoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitazawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ota
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000097:blood; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000097:blood*; D012372:ROC Curve; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C000606589:CALCA protein, human; C101134:ESM1 protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011498:Protein Precursors; D011509:Proteoglycans; D002116:Calcitonin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide