title: Anti-Müllerian hormone and progesterone levels produced by granulosa cells are higher when derived from natural cycle IVF than from conventional gonadotropin-stimulated IVF.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The study was designed to compare the effect of in vitro FSH stimulation on the hormone production and gene expression profile of granulosa cells (GCs) isolated from single naturally matured follicles obtained from natural cycle in vitro fertilization (NC-IVF) with granulosa cells obtained from conventional gonadotropin-stimulated IVF (c-IVF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Lutein granulosa cells from the dominant follicle were isolated and cultured in absence or presence of recombinant FSH. The cultures were run for 48 h and six days. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and FSH receptor were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). AMH protein and progesterone concentration (P4) in cultured supernatant were measured by ELISA and RIA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results showed that the mRNA expression of AMH was significantly higher in GCs from NC- than from c-IVF on day 6 after treatment with FSH (1 IU/mL). The FSH stimulation increased the concentration of AMH in the culture supernatant of GCs from NC-IVF compared with cells from c-IVF. In the culture medium, the AMH level was correlated significantly and positively to progesterone concentration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differences in the levels of AMH and progesterone released into the medium by cultured GC as well as in AMH gene expression were observed between GCs obtained under natural and stimulated IVF protocols. The results suggest that artificial gonadotropin stimulation may have an effect on the intra-follicular metabolism. A significant positive correlation between AMH and progesterone may suggest progesterone as a factor influencing AMH secretion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inselspital Berne, Berne University Hospital, Effingerstrasse 102, 3010, Berne, Switzerland. zahraa.kollmann@insel.ch.
authors.forename: Zahraa
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kollmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inselspital Berne, Berne University Hospital, Effingerstrasse 102, 3010, Berne, Switzerland. nick.bersinger@dkf.unibe.ch.|Department of Clinical Research, University of Berne, Murtenstrasse 35, 3010, Berne, Switzerland. nick.bersinger@dkf.unibe.ch.
authors.forename: Nick A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Bersinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Research, University of Berne, Murtenstrasse 35, 3010, Berne, Switzerland. Brett.mckinnon@dkf.unibe.ch.
authors.forename: Brett D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: McKinnon
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inselspital Berne, Berne University Hospital, Effingerstrasse 102, 3010, Berne, Switzerland. sophie.schneider@student.unibe.ch.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inselspital Berne, Berne University Hospital, Effingerstrasse 102, 3010, Berne, Switzerland. michel.mueller@insel.ch.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inselspital Berne, Berne University Hospital, Effingerstrasse 102, 3010, Berne, Switzerland. michael.vonwolff@insel.ch.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: von Wolff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000379:methods*; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000187:drug effects; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000379:methods; D011374:Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011374:Progesterone; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone