title: NY-ESO-1 autoantibody as a tumor-specific biomarker for esophageal cancer: screening in 1969 patients with various cancers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although serum NY-ESO-1 antibodies (s-NY-ESO-1-Abs) have been reported in patients with esophageal carcinoma, this assay system has not been used to study a large series of patients with various other cancers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum samples of 1969 cancer patients [esophageal cancer (n = 172), lung cancer (n = 269), hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 91), prostate cancer (n = 358), gastric cancer (n = 313), colorectal cancer (n = 262), breast cancer (n = 365)] and 74 healthy individuals were analyzed using an originally developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system for s-NY-ESO-1-Abs. The optical density cut-off value, determined as the mean plus three standard deviations for serum samples from the healthy controls, was fixed at 0.165. Conventional tumor markers were also evaluated in patients with esophageal carcinoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The positive rate of s-NY-ESO-1-Abs in patients with esophageal cancer (31 %) was significantly higher than that in the other groups: patients with lung cancer (13 %), patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (11 %), patients with prostate cancer (10 %), patients with gastric cancer (10 %), patients with colorectal cancer (8 %), patients with breast cancer (7 %), and healthy controls (0 %). The positive rate of s-NY-ESO-1-Abs was comparable to that of serum p53 antibodies (33 %), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (36 %), carcinoembryonic antigen (26 %), and CYFRA 21-1 (18 %) and gradually increased with the tumor stage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The positive rate of s-NY-ESO-1-Abs was significantly higher in patients with esophageal cancer than in patients with the other types of cancers. On the basis of its high specificity and sensitivity, even in patients with stage I tumors, s-NY-ESO-1-Abs may be one of the first choices for esophageal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan. hideaki.shimada@med.toho-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yajima
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nanami
authors.affiliation: Molecular Diagnosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.affiliation: Molecular Diagnosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kainuma
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takiguchi
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Soda
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Disease, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iizasa
authors.affiliation: Division of Breast Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Matsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Genomics, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Sana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yokoi
authors.affiliation: Division of Pathology and Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohtsuka
authors.affiliation: Medical & Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuwajima
authors.affiliation: Medical & Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hironori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaneko
mesh_terms: D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm / Q000097:blood; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology*; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004067:Digestive System Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D001323:Autoantibodies; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C104948:CTAG1B protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins
keywords: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Esophageal cancer; NY-ESO-1; Serum autoantibody; Tumor marker