title: CBT for anxiety disorders in children with and without autism spectrum disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety disorders in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) was examined, and compared with children without ASD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children with ASD and comorbid anxiety disorders (n = 79, 58 boys; Mage = 11.76) and children with anxiety disorders (n = 95, 46 boys; Mage = 12.85), and their parents, participated. All families were referred to 1 of 7 mental health care centers and received the same CBT. Anxiety, quality of life, ASD-like behaviors, and emotional-behavioral problems were measured at waitlist (ASD-group only, n = 17), pretest, posttest, and 3 months, 1 year, and 2 years after CBT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CBT was more effective than waitlist for treating anxiety disorders (d = -1.45) and anxiety symptoms (d = -0.48) in children with ASD. At 2 years follow-up, 61% of the children with and 64% without ASD were free of their primary anxiety disorder (percentages not significantly different). The decrease in severity of anxiety disorders after CBT (d values ranging between -1.05 and -1.46) was not different for children with and without ASD. Improvements were less in children with ASD for (only) 2 out of 7 continuous outcomes measures: anxiety symptoms (d values ranging between -0.68 and -0.94 vs. d values ranging between -0.98 and -1.25) and quality of life (d values ranging between 0.39 and 0.56 vs. d values ranging between 0.77 and 0.98).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CBT for anxiety disorders is effective for children with ASD, also in the long-term. Treatment gains may be somewhat less compared with children without ASD.
authors.affiliation: Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam.
authors.forename: F J A
authors.initials: FJA
authors.lastname: van Steensel
authors.affiliation: Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bögels
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D000067877:Autism Spectrum Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome