title: The potential of 3T high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis, staging, and follow-up of retinoblastoma.
abstract: We demonstrate the value of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing, staging, and follow-up of retinoblastoma during eye-saving treatment. We have included informative retinoblastoma cases scanned on a 3T MRI system from a retrospective retinoblastoma cohort from 2009 through 2013. We show that high-resolution MRI has the potential to detect small intraocular seeds, hemorrhage, and metastatic risk factors not visible with fundoscopy (e.g., optic nerve invasion and choroidal invasion), and treatment response. Unfortunately, however, the diagnostic accuracy of high-resolution MRI is not perfect, especially for subtle intraocular seeds or minimal postlaminar optic nerve invasion. The most important application of MRI is the detection of metastatic risk factors, as these cannot be found by fundoscopy and ultrasound.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: mc.dejong@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: Marcus C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Pim
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Graaf
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Institut Curie, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Hervé J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Brisse
authors.affiliation: Unit of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology, Department of Neurosciences, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Galluzzi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Sophia L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Göricke
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Annette C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Moll
authors.affiliation: Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Francis L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Munier
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Maja Beck
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Popovic
authors.affiliation: Pathology Unit, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Alexandre P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Moulin
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Binaghi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jonas A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Castelijns
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maeder
mesh_terms: D010478:Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015353:Eye Enucleation; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009366:Neoplasm Seeding; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: diagnostic accuracy; high resolution; imaging; magnetic resonance imaging; retinoblastoma; staging; treatment