title: Effect of repeat human blood feeding on Wolbachia density and dengue virus infection in Aedes aegypti.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The introduction of the endosymbiotic bacterium, Wolbachia into Aedes aegypti populations is a novel approach to reduce disease transmission. The presence of Wolbachia limits the ability of the mosquito to transmit dengue virus (DENV) and the strength of this effect appears to correlate with Wolbachia densities in the mosquito. There is also some evidence that Wolbachia densities may increase following the consumption of a bloodmeal. Here we have examined whether multiple blood feeds lead to increases in density or associated changes in Wolbachia-mediated blocking of DENV.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Wolbachia infected Aedes aegypti mosquito line was used for the study. There were three treatment groups; a non-blood fed control, a second group fed once and a third group fed twice on human blood. All groups were orally infected with DENV-2 and then their midguts and salivary glands were dissected 10-11 days post infection. RNA/DNA was simultaneously extracted from each tissue and subsequently used for DENV RNA copies and Wolbachia density quantification, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found variation between replicate vector competence experiments and no clear evidence that Wolbachia numbers increased in either the salivary glands or remainder of the body with feeding and hence saw no corresponding improvements in DENV blocking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aedes aegypti are "sip" feeders returning often to obtain bloodmeals and hence it is important to assess whether repeat blood feeding improved the efficacy of Wolbachia-based DENV blocking. Our work suggests in the laboratory context when Wolbachia densities are high that repeat feeding does not improve blocking and hence this ability should likely be stable with respect to feeding cycle in the field.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. hilaria.amuzu@monash.edu.
authors.forename: Hilaria E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Amuzu
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. csimmons@unimelb.edu.au.
authors.forename: Cameron P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. beth.mcgraw@monash.edu.
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: McGraw
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology*; D000818:Animals; D058491:Bacterial Load; D001769:Blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D019562:Viral Load; D020577:Wolbachia / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*