title: Establishing of cancer units in low or middle income African countries: Angolan experience--a preliminary report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The number of cancer cases and related deaths worldwide is expected to double over the next 20-30 years. African countries will be the most affected by the burden of cancer. The improving economic situation of Angola creates conditions for an increase in life expectancy which by itself is associated with an increased risk of oncological diseases. Because cancer therapy requires a multidisciplinary approach, trained health professionals, satisfactory infrastructure and appropriate facilities, the availability of effective cancer therapy is a difficult task that requires support. The aim of this article is to share our experience achieved in the establishment of cancer units in Angola and to validate our checklist for this action.
  
  
  METHODS
  The survey method was a questionnaire addressed to Angolan cancer units, in order to evaluate the usefulness and feasibility of a checklist developed by the authors--The Cancer Units Assessment Checklist for low or middle income African countries--which was used previously in the establishment of those units. Afterwards, the crucial steps taken for the establishing of the main sites of each cancer unit considering, facilities, resources and professionals, were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All cancer units reported that the checklist was a useful tool in the development of the cancer program for the improvement of the unit or the establishing of cancer unit sites. This instrument helped identifying resources, defining the best practice and identifying barriers. Local experts, who know the best practices in oncology and who are recognized by the local heads, are also important and they proved to be the major facilitators.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fight against cancer has just started in Angola. The training, education, advocacy and legislation are ongoing. According to our results, the assessment checklist for the establishment of cancer units is a useful instrument.
authors.affiliation: National Oncology Centre, Luanda, Angola.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Miguel
authors.affiliation: Cancer Unit of Girassol Clinic, Luanda, Angola.
authors.forename: Ana Vaz
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Conceição
authors.affiliation: Cancer Unit of Sagrada Esperança Clinic, Luanda, Angola.
authors.forename: Lygia Vieira
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Dora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bernardo
authors.affiliation: Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.affiliation: Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bessa
authors.affiliation: Cancer Unit of Sagrada Esperança Clinic, Luanda, Angola ; ONCOCIR- Education and Care in Oncology, Angola.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: ONCOCIR- Education and Care in Oncology, Angola.
authors.forename: João Blasques
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: National Oncology Centre, Luanda, Angola ; ONCOCIR- Education and Care in Oncology, Angola ; Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group and Surgical Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Lúcio Lara
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Santos
mesh_terms: D000810:Angola / Q000453:epidemiology; D002173:Cancer Care Facilities / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D057189:Checklist; D003906:Developing Countries; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D008017:Life Expectancy; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Angola; assessment checklist; establishing cancer units