title: Induction of apoptosis and oxidative stress in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer, MDA-MB231 cells, by ethanolic mango seed extract.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study, the effect of mango kernel extract in the induction of apoptosis of the breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cell line was examined. This is an attempt to discover alternatives to current therapeutic regimes in the treatment of breast cancers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The pro-apoptotic markers, Bax, cytochrome c, caspases-. -8 and -9, and anti-apoptotic markers, Bcl-2, p53 and glutathione were determined in MDA-MB231 cells treated for 12 and 24 h with mango kernel extract.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that the extract produced a time- and dose-dependent increases in pro-apoptotic proteins and oxidative stress markers with a corresponding decrease in anti-apoptotic markers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the findings, mango kernel extract modulates redox balance in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells with a tendency for apoptotic cell death. The changes observed in this study may collectively underlie the basis for the cell death induced in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells by mango kernel extract. Thus, mango kernel extract has potential to be developed into an antibreast cancer mixture, and hence these results are worth studying further.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. al-shwyeh-hussah@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Al-Shwyeh Hussah
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. karimsabo@upm.edu.my.
authors.forename: Abdulkarim Sabo
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. rasedee@upm.edu.my.|Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. rasedee@upm.edu.my.
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rasedee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology Engineering Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), P.O. BOX 10, 50728, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. elwathig@iium.edu.my.
authors.forename: Mohamed Elwathig Saeed
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Mirghani
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. mothannasobk@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mothanna Sadiq
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Al-Qubaisi
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D031022:Mangifera; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D020169:Caspases