title: Toxicological evaluation of sediment samples spiked with human pharmaceutical products: Energy status and neuroendocrine effects in marine polychaetes Hediste diversicolor.
abstract: There is a lack of studies about the ecotoxicology of pharmaceutical products on marine environment. To predict possible adverse effects of pharmaceutical products on benthic biota, polychaetes Hediste diversicolor were exposed for 14-days to pharmaceutical-spiked sediments under laboratory conditions. Carbamazepine (CBZ), ibuprofen (IBP) and propranolol (PRO) at concentrations of 500ngg(-1), 50ngg(-1), 5ngg(-1), 0.5ngg(-1) and 0.05ngg(-1), fluoxetine (FX) and 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) at concentrations of 100ngg(-1), 10ngg(-1), 1ngg(-1), 0.1ngg(-1) and 0.01ngg(-1), including environmental concentrations (underlined), were spiked in marine sediment samples. After the exposure, cellular energy status (total lipids content - TLP; and mitochondrial electron transport activity - MET), metabolism of monoamines (monoamine oxidase activity - MAO) and inflammation properties (cyclooxygenase activity - COX) were observed in polychaetes. CBZ increased TLP content and MET activity, and decreased MAO activity in polychaetes. IBP did not interfere on the TLP level, but on the MET and MAO activities (environmental concentrations). FX did not cause changes in the energy status. Therefore, environmental concentration diminished MAO activity. EE2 did not affect the energy status, however, MAO activity was significantly lower in polychaetes exposed to environmental concentration. PRO increased TLP level in polychaetes, but not MET activity. MAO activity was significantly lower for polychaetes exposed to environmental concentration. Except FX, all pharmaceuticals showed anti-inflammatory properties confirmed by the decrease of COX activity. Pharmaceutical products affected H. diversicolor physiology and health. As a benthic top predator, adverse effects on sea-worms can potentially culminate in ecosystem perturbations.
authors.affiliation: Andalusian Centre of Marine Science and Technology (CACYTMAR), University of Cádiz, Polygon Río San Pedro, s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; Physical Chemistry Department, University of Cádiz, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Campus of International Excellence of the Sea (CEIMAR), 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain. Electronic address: luciane.alves@uca.es.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Maranho
authors.affiliation: Emerging Methods Section, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment Canada, 105 McGill Street, 7th floor, Montreal, QC, Canada H2Y 2E7.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: André
authors.affiliation: Physical Chemistry Department, University of Cádiz, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Campus of International Excellence of the Sea (CEIMAR), 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: DelValls
authors.affiliation: Emerging Methods Section, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment Canada, 105 McGill Street, 7th floor, Montreal, QC, Canada H2Y 2E7.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gagné
authors.affiliation: Andalusian Centre of Marine Science and Technology (CACYTMAR), University of Cádiz, Polygon Río San Pedro, s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; Physical Chemistry Department, University of Cádiz, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Campus of International Excellence of the Sea (CEIMAR), 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Martín-Díaz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D004579:Electron Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000187:drug effects; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000378:metabolism; D011077:Polychaeta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase
keywords: Energy status; Hediste diversicolor; Inflammation; Marine sediment; Neuroendocrine effects; Pharmaceutical compounds