title: Successful laparoscopic management of paraesophageal hiatal hernia with upside-down intrathoracic stomach: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Paraesophageal hernia with intrathoracic mesentericoaxial type of gastric volvulus is a rare clinical entity. The rotation occurs because of the idiopathic relaxation of the gastric ligaments and ascent of the stomach adjacent to the oesophagus through the hiatus defect, while the gastroesophageal junction remains in the abdomen. The open approach remains the gold standard therapy for most patients. Here we report the case of a patient with such a condition who underwent a successful laparoscopic surgery. A literature search revealed that this is the first case report from Southeast Asia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 55-year-old Chinese woman presented to us with symptoms suggestive of gastric outlet obstruction for one year. A chest radiograph showed an air bubble with air-fluid level in her left thoracic cavity, where a diaphragmatic hernia was initially suspected. A computed tomography scan and barium swallow study demonstrated the presence of a type III paraesophageal hernia with intrathoracic upside-down stomach. A laparoscopy was performed and the herniated stomach was successfully reduced into the abdomen. The mediastinal part of the hernial sac was excised. Adequate intraabdominal length of oesophagus was achieved after resection of the sac and circumferential oesophageal dissection. A lateral releasing incision was made adjacent to the right crus to facilitate crural closure. The diaphragmatic defect and the hiatal closure were covered with a composite mesh. A Toupet fundoplication was performed to recreate the antireflux valve. She had an uneventful recovery. She had no relapse of previous symptoms at her six-month follow-up assessment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic repair of such a condition can be accomplished successfully and safely when it is performed with meticulous attention to the details of the surgical technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Jalan Hospital, 93586, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. szeli18@yahoo.com.|Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. szeli18@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Sze Li
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Siow
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Jalan Hospital, 93586, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. tszechee@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Sze Chee
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Tee
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Jalan Hospital, 93586, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. wgcming@gmail.com.|Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. wgcming@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chee Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D034841:Abdominal Cavity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D018662:Fundoplication; D006551:Hernia, Hiatal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D013270:Stomach / Q000601:surgery*; D013277:Stomach Volvulus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D013526:Surgical Mesh