title: Lack of significant association between serum inflammatory cytokine profiles and the presence of colorectal adenoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inflammatory cytokines in the colonic microenvironment have been shown to increase with advance colorectal cancer disease state. However, the contribution of inflammatory cytokines to pre-malignant disease, such as the formation of adenomas, is unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the Milliplex® MAP Human Cytokine/ Chemokine Magnetic Bead Panel Immunoassay, serum cytokine and chemokine profiles were assayed among participants without an adenoma (n = 97) and those with an adenoma (n = 97) enrolled in the NCI-funded Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Colon Study. The concentrations of interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-12(p70), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β) were determined. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between adenoma prevalence and cytokine levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of colorectal adenomas was not associated with significant increases in the systemic levels of proinflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) or T-cell polarizing (IL-12, IL-2, IL-10, IL-4, IL-17, IFN-γ) cytokines. Furthermore, MCP-1 and RANTES levels were equivalent in the serum of study participants with and without adenomas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest colorectal adenoma prevalence may not be associated with significant alterations in systemic inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, MS 8010, Aurora, CO, USA, 80045. Curtis.Henry@ucdenver.edu.|Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO, USA, 80206. Curtis.Henry@ucdenver.edu.
authors.forename: Curtis J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.affiliation: Department of Community and Behavioral Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 East 17th Place, MS F519, Aurora, CO, USA, 80045. Rebecca.Sedjo@ucdenver.edu.
authors.forename: Rebecca L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Sedjo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, MS 8010, Aurora, CO, USA, 80045. Andrii.Rozhok@ucdenver.edu.
authors.forename: Andrii
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rozhok
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, MS 8010, Aurora, CO, USA, 80045. Jennifer.Salstrom@childrenscolorado.org.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salstrom
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA, 80045. Dennis.Ahnen@ucdenver.edu.
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ahnen
authors.affiliation: Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, USA, 94612. Theodore.Levin@kp.org.
authors.forename: Theodore R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Section on Biostatistics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA, 27157. Rdagosti@wakehealth.edu.
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: D'Agostino
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX, USA, 78229. Traffic15@satx.rr.com.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haffner
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, MS 8010, Aurora, CO, USA, 80045. James.DeGregori@ucdenver.edu.|Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO, USA, 80206. James.DeGregori@ucdenver.edu.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: DeGregori
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 East 17th Place, B119 Building 500, Room W3122, Aurora, CO, USA, 80045. Tim.Byers@ucdenver.edu.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Byers
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators