title: Prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stenting: meta-analysis of randomized trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the benefits and the risks of a prolonged duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Electronic scientific databases were searched for randomized trials investigating the clinical impact of prolonged versus control DAPT duration in patients receiving a PCI with DES implantation. Primary outcomes were the incidence of stent thrombosis (ST), major bleeding and death. Secondary outcomes were the incidence of cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI) and cerebrovascular event (CVE). The main analysis evaluated the primary outcomes by including events that occurred whereas therapies in the treatment groups actually differed. Events occurred at the longest follow-up available for each included trial contributed to risk estimates in a separate analysis. Odds ratio (95 % confidence interval) served as summary statistic. Ten trials totaling 32,194 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Median DAPT duration was 15 (12-24) versus 6 (6-12) months for the prolonged and control DAPT groups, respectively. After a median follow-up of 19.5 months, a prolonged versus control DAPT reduces the risk of ST [0.50 (0.29-0.85), P = 0.01] and MI [0.55 (0.45-0.67), P < 0.001], at the expense of higher risk of major bleeding [1.67 (1.31-2.13), P < 0.001] and death [1.25 (1.02-1.53), P = 0.03]. A prolonged versus control DAPT does not influence the risk of cardiac death [1.08 (0.82-1.44), P = 0.74] or CVE [0.84 (0.57-1.24), P = 0.39].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prolonging the duration of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients undergoing PCI with DES implantation reduces the risk of stent thrombosis and myocardial infarction, but does result in an increased risk of major bleeding and death.
authors.affiliation: Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, (SC, RAB, GN, HS, MF, AK) and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, (HS, AK), Lazarettstr. 36, Munich, Germany. salvatorecassese@libero.it.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cassese
authors.affiliation: Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, (SC, RAB, GN, HS, MF, AK) and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, (HS, AK), Lazarettstr. 36, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.affiliation: Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, (SC, RAB, GN, HS, MF, AK) and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, (HS, AK), Lazarettstr. 36, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Gjin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ndrepepa
authors.affiliation: Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, (SC, RAB, GN, HS, MF, AK) and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, (HS, AK), Lazarettstr. 36, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Heribert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schunkert
authors.affiliation: Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, (SC, RAB, GN, HS, MF, AK) and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, (HS, AK), Lazarettstr. 36, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fusaro
authors.affiliation: Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, (SC, RAB, GN, HS, MF, AK) and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, (HS, AK), Lazarettstr. 36, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kastrati
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004338:Drug Combinations; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Q000401:mortality; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
keywords: Bleeding; Death; Drug-eluting stent; Dual antiplatelet therapy