title: Characterization of the microaerophilic, bacteriochlorophyll a-containing bacterium Gemmatimonas phototrophica sp. nov., and emended descriptions of the genus Gemmatimonas and Gemmatimonas aurantiaca.
abstract: A red-pigmented, bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) a-producing strain, AP64T, was isolated previously from the freshwater Swan Lake located in the western Gobi Desert. Based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence identity (96.1%) to the type strain Gemmatimonas aurantiaca T-27T, the new isolate was tentatively classified as a member of the bacterial phylum Gemmatimonadetes. Here, we report its formal description and polyphasic characterization. Strain AP64T grew best on agar media under 9.8-15.2% atmospheric oxygen. The cells were rods, dividing by symmetrical or asymmetrical binary fission. Budding structures were also observed. Its genomic DNA G+C content was 64.4% (from the draft genome sequence). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence clearly separated AP64T from related species. Its genotypic differentiation from phylogenetically close relatives was further supported by performing in silico DNA-DNA hybridization and calculating average nucleotide identity, whereas the high percentage (67.3%) of shared conserved proteins between strain AP64T and Gemmatimonas aurantiaca T-27T supports the classification of the two strains into the same genus. Strain AP64T contained C16 : 1, C14 : 1 and C18 : 1ω9c as predominant fatty acids. The main respiratory quinone was menaquinone 8 (MK-8). The most distinctive feature of strain AP64T was the presence of fully functional purple bacterial photosynthetic reaction centres. The main CO2-fixation pathways were absent. Strain AP64T was capable of growth and BChl production in constant darkness. Thus, strain AP64T is a facultatively photoheterotrophic organism. It represents a novel species of the genus Gemmatimonas, for which the name Gemmatimonasphototrophica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AP64T ( = DSM 29774T = MCCC 1K00454T). Emended descriptions of the genus Gemmatimonas and Gemmatimonas aurantiaca are also provided.
authors.affiliation: Center Algatech, Institute of Microbiology CAS, Opatovický mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Yonghui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Center Algatech, Institute of Microbiology CAS, Opatovický mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Vadim
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Selyanin
authors.affiliation: Center Algatech, Institute of Microbiology CAS, Opatovický mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lukeš
authors.affiliation: Center Algatech, Institute of Microbiology CAS, Opatovický mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dean
authors.affiliation: Center Algatech, Institute of Microbiology CAS, Opatovický mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic.|Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kaftan
authors.affiliation: Institute for Applied & Environmental Microbiology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, 010 018 Huhhot, PR China.
authors.forename: Fuying
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.|Center Algatech, Institute of Microbiology CAS, Opatovický mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koblížek
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D025541:Bacteriochlorophyll A / Q000737:chemistry; D001482:Base Composition; D001483:Base Sequence; D002681:China; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D003889:Desert Climate; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000382:microbiology; D060106:Lakes / Q000382:microbiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D024482:Vitamin K 2 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D025541:Bacteriochlorophyll A; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005227:Fatty Acids; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D024482:Vitamin K 2; C024223:vitamin MK 8