title: [Secondary orthopaedic complications after childhood tumors of the musculoskeletal system].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multidisciplinary care, modern care management, and medical progress have brought significant gains in modern survival rates for children and adolescents with tumors of the musculoskeletal system.
  
  
  METHODS
  The surgical approach must rest on the consideration of the long-term orthopedic sequelae likely to be caused by the elected treatment (limb amputation versus limb conservation - reconstruction choices), as well as by adjuvant therapies, such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Complications due to allograft reconstructions (infections, fractures, pseudoarthritis) occur within the range of 0 to 36 months. After 36 months, allograft longevity is fair, but 10 years later, 60% of grafts are likely to have failed and been removed. Joint prostheses have overall survival rates of 75% over 10 years, and 52% over 20 years. As for allografts, infectious complications occur within the first few years, while later prosthetic replacements are mostly due to mechanical causes. Assessing the long-term evolution of biological reconstructions proves a lot more challenging, due to the lack of hindsight and available information, except for vascularized fibula grafts, which show good long-term results. Numerous medical reviews have been published that address the quality of life of children treated for malignant tumors of the musculoskeletal system. They mostly consist in comparative studies between limb conservation and limb amputation, and point to similar results overall. Such data must be taken into account when deciding on a treatment for a child or an adolescent: quality of life, the function of the affected limb, the probable need for re-operation all encourage to favor reconstructions whenever they are possible, as they come closest to normal anatomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Too frequently, medical knowledge remains fragmented among multiple disciplines, because of the difficulty of organizing follow-up over the very long-term. Progress can only be achieved by setting-up multidisciplinary care pathways between pediatric surgeons and surgeons treating adult patients.
authors.affiliation: Hôpital d'enfants A.-Trousseau, service d'orthopédie pédiatrique, 75571 Paris, France. Electronic address: pierre.mary@trs.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mary
authors.affiliation: Hôpital d'enfants A.-Trousseau, service d'orthopédie pédiatrique, 75571 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Manon
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bachy
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, service d'oncologie pédiatrique, 75015 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Éric
authors.initials: É
authors.lastname: Mascard
authors.affiliation: CHU Hôtel-Dieu, clinique chirurgicale orthopédique et traumatologique, 44093 Nantes, France.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gouin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000671:Amputation, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000379:methods; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D003266:Continuity of Patient Care; D005360:Fibula / Q000098:blood supply / Q000637:transplantation; D006801:Humans; D019042:Muscle Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D059351:Organ Sparing Treatments / Q000009:adverse effects; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D011788:Quality of Life; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000150:complications; D013997:Time Factors; D014180:Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents
keywords: Childhood cancer; Complications secondaires; Multidisciplinary care; Prise en charge multidisciplinaire; Secondary orthopaedic complications; Tumeurs osseuses; Tumors of the musculoskeletal system