title: Trends in PICU Admission and Survival Rates in Children in Australia and New Zealand Following Cardiac Arrest.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the temporal trends in rates of PICU admissions and mortality for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests and in-hospital cardiac arrests admitted to PICU over the last decade.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicenter, retrospective analysis of prospectively collected binational data of the Australian and New Zealand Paediatric Intensive Care Registry. All nine specialist PICUs in Australia and New Zealand were included.
  
  
  METHODS
  All children admitted between 2003 and 2012 to PICU who were less than 16 years old at the time of admission.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were a total of 71,425 PICU admissions between 2003 and 2012. Overall, cardiac arrest accounted for 1.86% of all admissions (1,329 cases), including 677 cases of in-hospital cardiac arrest (51.0%) and 652 cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (49.0%). Over the last decade, there has been a 29.6% increase in the odds of PICU survival for all pediatric admissions (odds ratio, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.09-1.54). By contrast, there was no significant improvement in the risk-adjusted odds of survival for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest admissions (odds ratio, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.50-2.10; p = 0.94) or in-hospital cardiac arrest admissions (odds ratio, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.54-1.98; p = 0.92).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite improvements in overall outcomes in children admitted to Australian and New Zealand PICUs, survival of children admitted with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest or in-hospital cardiac arrest did not change significantly over the past decade.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. 2Paediatric Critical Care Research Group, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. 3Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. 4Children's Critical Care Services, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, QLD, Australia. 5Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. 6CORE, Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. 7Prehospital, Resuscitation and Emergency Care Research Unit, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
authors.forename: Lahn D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Straney
authors.forename: Luregn J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Schlapbach
authors.forename: Glenn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yong
authors.forename: Janet E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Bray
authors.forename: Johnny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Millar
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Slater
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Finn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001315:Australia; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric / Q000639:trends*; D009520:New Zealand; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000639:trends*; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate