title: Caregiver stress: does states' expenditure on home- and community-based services matter?
abstract: This study examined how state expenditure on home- and community-based services (HCBS) and individual factors are associated with caregiver stress. A total of 1,849 cases from the 2004 National Long-Term Care Survey were included. Gender, education, perceived physical strain, and economic hardship, as well as the number of limitations in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) for the care recipient, were associated with caregiver stress. The cross-level interaction between service utilization and state expenditure on HCBS was significant, suggesting that living in states with a higher expenditure on HCBS is associated with reduced stress regardless of service utilization.
authors.affiliation: a School of Social Work , Indiana University , Indianapolis , Indiana , USA.
authors.forename: Michin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Banghwa Lee
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Casado
mesh_terms: D017028:Caregivers / Q000191:economics / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003153:Community Health Services / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D055361:Multilevel Analysis; D005791:Patient Care / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000191:economics* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States
keywords: caregiver stress; family caregiver; home- and community-based services (HCBS); multilevel modeling analysis; state expenditure on home- and community-based services