title: Effect of Atomoxetine on the Cognitive Functions in Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children with Congenital Hypothyroidism: A Pilot Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  With early initiation of thyroxine supplementation, children with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) retain some subtle deficits, such as attention and inhibitory control problems. This study assessed the effects of atomoxetine on cognitive functions in treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children with CH.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a 6-month, open-labeled pilot study, 12 children were recruited and received atomoxetine. The measures of efficacy were scores on the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Teacher and Parent Rating Scale, version IV (SNAP-IV) and Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale (CGI-S). The cognitive functions were evaluated with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Chinese Children, Digit Span, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and Stroop test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A statistically significant difference was found between the mean CGI-S and SNAP-IV scores before and after treatment (p < 0.01). All the indicators of cognitive functions at the endpoint were improved compared with those at baseline. No serious adverse events were reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Atomoxetine appears to be useful in improving ADHD symptoms, as well as cognitive functions, in children with CH. Larger, randomized, double-blinded, clinical trials are required to replicate these results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Psychology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (Drs Yang, Gao, and Li); Department of Child Health Care, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (Dr Zhao).
authors.forename: Rongwang
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Psychology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (Drs Yang, Gao, and Li); Department of Child Health Care, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (Dr Zhao).
authors.forename: Weijia
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Psychology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (Drs Yang, Gao, and Li); Department of Child Health Care, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (Dr Zhao).
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Psychology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (Drs Yang, Gao, and Li); Department of Child Health Care, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (Dr Zhao). zhaozy@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhengyan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069445:Atomoxetine Hydrochloride / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D003409:Congenital Hypothyroidism / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010045:Outpatients; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011581:Psychological Tests; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; D000069445:Atomoxetine Hydrochloride
keywords: ADHD; CH; atomoxetine; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; cognitive functions; congenital hypothyroidism