title: Characterization and quantitation of yohimbine and its analogs in botanicals and dietary supplements using LC/QTOF-MS and LC/QQQ-MS for determination of the presence of bark extract and yohimbine adulteration.
abstract: The compound yohimbine HCl has been restricted in Australia and categorized as a scheduled prescription drug in other parts of the world, including the United States where it is monographed as a drug in the U. S. Pharmacopeia. However, the bark of the yohimbe plant and its extract is considered a botanical that can be used as a dietary supplement in some parts of the world. For these reasons, methods to characterize the indole alkaloids of the bark and quantify yohimbine and its analogs are presented using accurate mass LC/quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF)-MS and triple quadrupole LC/MS, respectively. Samples were extracted with a QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) method to characterize and quantify the indole alkaloids. With the LC/QTOF-MS in auto MS/MS mode the indole alkaloids were identified, and the isomeric response of each could be used to determine whether the actual bark or extract was in samples of dietary supplements and not adulteration with yohimbine HCl. Analogs were identified and include yohimbic acid, methyl yohimbine, and hydroxyl yohimbine. Many isomers of each were also detected, but identified only by the number of chromatographic peaks. Quantification of yohimbine and ajmalicine spiked extracts showed recoveries of 99 to 103% with RSD of 3.6% or lower and LODs of less than 100 ppt. Calibration of the two standards gave r(2) = 0.9999 in a range from 0.1 to 100 ppb. Dietary supplements quantified for these two compounds showed a range from not detected to 3x the amounts found in the bark.
authors.affiliation: Agilent Technologies, Inc., 2850 Centerville Rd, Wilmington, DE 19808, USA.
authors.forename: Derick
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neal-Kababick
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zweigenbaum
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis*; D004340:Drug Contamination; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D015016:Yohimbine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D028321:Plant Preparations; D015016:Yohimbine