title: Regulation of alveolar procoagulant activity and permeability in direct acute lung injury by lung epithelial tissue factor.
abstract: Tissue factor (TF) initiates the extrinsic coagulation cascade in response to tissue injury, leading to local fibrin deposition. Low levels of TF in mice are associated with increased severity of acute lung injury (ALI) after intratracheal LPS administration. However, the cellular sources of the TF required for protection from LPS-induced ALI remain unknown. In the current study, transgenic mice with cell-specific deletions of TF in the lung epithelium or myeloid cells were treated with intratracheal LPS to determine the cellular sources of TF important in direct ALI. Cell-specific deletion of TF in the lung epithelium reduced total lung TF expression to 39% of wild-type (WT) levels at baseline and to 29% of WT levels after intratracheal LPS. In contrast, there was no reduction of TF with myeloid cell TF deletion. Mice lacking myeloid cell TF did not differ from WT mice in coagulation, inflammation, permeability, or hemorrhage. However, mice lacking lung epithelial TF had increased tissue injury, impaired activation of coagulation in the airspace, disrupted alveolar permeability, and increased alveolar hemorrhage after intratracheal LPS. Deletion of epithelial TF did not affect alveolar permeability in an indirect model of ALI caused by systemic LPS infusion. These studies demonstrate that the lung epithelium is the primary source of TF in the lung, contributing 60-70% of total lung TF, and that lung epithelial, but not myeloid, TF may be protective in direct ALI.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Ciara M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Shaver
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Brandon S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Grove
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Nathan D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Putz
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Jennifer K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Clune
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.|2 Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Lawson
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Carnahan
authors.affiliation: 4 Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of North Carolina McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and.
authors.forename: Nigel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mackman
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.|5 Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Lorraine B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Ware
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bastarache
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000235:genetics*; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000235:genetics*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015870:Gene Expression; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D022423:Myeloid Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D013925:Thromboplastin
keywords: acute respiratory distress syndrome; alveolar capillary barrier permeability; coagulation; fibrin; pulmonary