title: Evaluation of Effects on the Adhesion of Various Root Canal Sealers after Er:YAG Laser and Irrigants Are Used on the Dentin Surface.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of various root canal sealers after various irrigation solutions and Er:YAG laser irradiation were used on root canal dentin.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred fifty freshly extracted human maxillary single-rooted teeth were used in this study. Teeth were sectioned transversally 4 mm below the cementoenamel junction. The root canal of each specimen was prepared using a tapered bur. Teeth were divided into 3 main groups by sealer (AH Plus Jet [Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany], EndoSequence BC Sealer [Brasseler, Savannah, GA], and Real Seal [SybronEndo, Orange, CA]) and then divided into 5 subgroups by dentin treatment (distilled water, calcium hydroxide, sodium hypochlorite, EDTA, and Er:YAG laser). The specimens were placed immediately at 37°C and 100% humidity for 1 week. Then, the push-out test was applied. The maximum failure load was recorded in newtons and was used to calculate the push-out bond strength in MPa. Then, 3 random specimens from each group were examined under scanning electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The resin root canal sealers had higher push-out bond strength than the bioceramic sealer, and the differences were statistically significant (P < .05) except in the sodium hypochlorite groups. The EDTA and Er:YAG laser applications removed the smear layer and increased the bond strength. The highest adhesion was observed in EDTA groups when each sealer was evaluated in itself.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The bonding strength of root canal sealers is influenced by their properties and various dentin surface treatments. The scanning electron microscopic study showed that although the dentinal tubules were open, at the profile examination the sealers did not penetrate into the dentin canals in all specimens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Gaziosmanpasa, Tokat, Turkey. Electronic address: dr_ozkocak@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ozkocak
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bade
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sonat
mesh_terms: D002126:Calcium Hydroxide; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D003804:Dentin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004492:Edetic Acid; D006801:Humans; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010784:Photomicrography; D011897:Random Allocation; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; D014867:Water; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement; C112894:canals sealer; D014867:Water; D004492:Edetic Acid; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide
keywords: AH Plus Jet; Adhesion; EndoSequence BC sealer; Er:YAG laser; RealSeal; irrigation; push-out test