title: Comparison of chemical risk assessment methods in South Korea and the United Kingdom.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to compare Control of Substances Hazard to Health (COSHH) Essentials (a chemical risk assessment method in the UK) with Chemical Hazard Risk Management (CHARM) (a chemical risk assessment method in South Korea). The differences between the two processes were explored with a particular focus on their features and distinctions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The results obtained from applying COSHH Essentials and CHARM to 59 carcinogenic, mutagenic, and reprotoxic (CMR) substances were analyzed. The outcomes of the working environment assessments and the collated information about the usage of CMR chemicals were used for the analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 59 substances tested, 56 substances were rated at a risk level lower than 2, when evaluated with CHARM. However, with COSHH, all 59 substances were rated at risk level 3 or higher. With COSHH Essentials, the highest hazard group of 4 was automatically assigned to category E substances, regardless of the exposure level assessment. However, for CHARM, the risk could be adjusted according to the exposure level assessment, even for hazard group of 4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CHARM allocated lower risk levels to hazardous substances than COSHH Essentials. Ultimately, COSHH Essentials assesses exposure level through the physical properties and overall handling, and considers hazard with H-statements and R-phrases. COSHH Essentials was deemed more conservative than CHARM. CHARM may have underestimated the risk according to exposure level, even though the chemicals were highly hazardous. Therefore, CHARM can be used for the localized risk assessment of chemicals used in individual workplaces.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University.
authors.forename: Min-Uk
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Saemi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Sang-Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Byeon
mesh_terms: D055884:Chemical Hazard Release; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D056910:Republic of Korea; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D006113:United Kingdom