title: Three-Snip Punctoplasty Outcome Rates and Follow-Up Treatments.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the success rate of three-snip punctoplasty (TSP) for the treatment of punctual stenosis and to evaluate the need for additional treatment after TSP.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review was conducted of all patients undergoing TSP by a single surgeon at Bascom Palmer Eye Institute from January 1, 2006 to January 1, 2010. Outcome measures include the persistence of symptomatic epiphora, the need for additional surgical interventions, and postoperative time required until complete resolution of symptoms achieved.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Primary TSP resulted in an 86% success rate with resolution of symptomatic epiphora without further surgical intervention. Seven eyes (14%) required secondary TSP with or without stent placement. All 6 eyes with TSP with stent placement achieved functional success within an average of 6.8 months (stdev 6.83) from the first TSP. The one eye that was not stented during secondary TSP required a tertiary TSP with stenting and achieved functional success within the 1 month of the final procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary TSP showed an 86% success rate with the resolution of tearing by an average of 1.2 months post-operatively. Membrane formation or scarring over the surgical site required an additional TSP with stenting in 14% of patients. All 50 eyes eventually achieved functional success. TSP alone as a primary procedure is a safe, relatively simple, and effective treatment of epiphora caused by punctual stenosis. Stenting should be explored as an adjunct to this procedure if primary TSP alone does not produce resolution of symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami , Miami, Florida , USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Murdock
authors.forename: Wendy W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chad C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Zatezalo
authors.forename: Annelyse
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ballin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003608:Dacryocystorhinostomy / Q000379:methods*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007765:Lacrimal Apparatus / Q000601:surgery*; D007766:Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D007767:Lacrimal Duct Obstruction / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Epiphora; punctal stenosis; punctoplasty; stent; three snip