title: Plasmodium falciparum Protein Microarray Antibody Profiles Correlate With Protection From Symptomatic Malaria in Kenya.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Immunoglobulin G antibodies (Abs) to Plasmodium falciparum antigens have been associated with naturally acquired immunity to symptomatic malaria.
  
  
  METHODS
  We probed protein microarrays covering 824 unique P. falciparum protein features with plasma from residents of a community in Kenya monitored for 12 weeks for (re)infection and symptomatic malaria after administration of antimalarial drugs. P. falciparum proteins recognized by Abs from 88 children (aged 1-14 years) and 86 adults (aged ≥ 18 years), measured at the beginning of the observation period, were ranked by Ab signal intensity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Abs from immune adults reacted with a total 163 of 824 P. falciparum proteins. Children gradually acquired Abs to the full repertoire of antigens recognized by adults. Abs to some antigens showed high seroconversion rates, reaching maximal levels early in childhood, whereas others did not reach adult levels until adolescence. No correlation between Ab signal intensity and time to (re)infection was observed. In contrast, Ab levels to 106 antigens were significantly higher in children who were protected from symptomatic malaria compared with those who were not. Abs to antigens predictive of protection included P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1, merozoite surface protein (MSP) 10, MSP2, liver-stage antigen 3, PF70, MSP7, and Plasmodium helical interspersed subtelomeric domain protein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Protein microarrays may be useful in the search for malaria antigens associated with protective immunity.
authors.affiliation: Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Arlene E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Dent
authors.affiliation: University of California, Irvine.
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.affiliation: University of California, Irvine.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: University of California, Irvine.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Baum
authors.affiliation: Center for Global Health Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester.
authors.forename: Ann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Moormann
authors.affiliation: Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu.
authors.forename: Peter Odada
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Sumba
authors.affiliation: Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vulule
authors.affiliation: Rho Inc, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Babineau
authors.affiliation: Antigen Discovery, Inc., Irvine, California.
authors.forename: Arlo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Randall
authors.affiliation: University of California, Irvine.
authors.forename: D Huw
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.affiliation: University of California, Irvine.
authors.forename: Philip L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Felgner
authors.affiliation: Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University.
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kazura
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007223:Infant; D007630:Kenya; D008288:Malaria / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D052940:Merozoites / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D000962:Antimalarials; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; C085731:erythrocyte membrane protein 1, Plasmodium falciparum
keywords: antibody; antigen; malaria; protective immunity; protein microarray