title: Training hospital managers for strategic planning and management: a prospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Training is the systematic acquisition of skills, rules, concepts, or attitudes and is one of the most important components in any organization's strategy. There is increasing demand for formal and informal training programs especially for physicians in leadership positions. This study determined the learning outcomes after a specific training program for hospital management teams.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted during 2006 and 2007 at the Centre School of Public Health and Management, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade and included 107 participants involved in the management in 20 Serbian general hospitals. The management teams were multidisciplinary, consisting of five members on average: the director of the general hospital, the deputy directors, the head nurse, and the chiefs of support services. The managers attended a training program, which comprised four modules addressing specific topics. Three reviewers independently evaluated the level of management skills at the beginning and 12 months after the training program. Principal component analysis and subsequent stepwise multiple linear regression analysis were performed to determine predictors of learning outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The quality of the SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analyses performed by the trainees improved with differences between 0.35 and 0.49 on a Likert scale (p < 0.001). Principal component analysis explained 81% of the variance affecting their quality of strategic planning. Following the training program, the external environment, strategic positioning, and quality of care were predictors of learning outcomes. The four regression models used showed that the training program had positive effects (p < 0.001) on the ability to formulate a Strategic Plan comprising the hospital mission, vision, strategic objectives, and action plan.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provided evidence that training for strategic planning and management enhanced the strategic decision-making of hospital management teams, which is a requirement for hospitals in an increasingly competitive, complex and challenging context. For the first time, half of state general hospitals involved in team training have formulated the development of an official strategic plan. The positive effects of the formal training program justify additional investment in future education and training.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Social Medicine, University of Belgrade, School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia. zorica.terzic-supic@med.bg.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Zorica
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Terzic-Supic
authors.affiliation: Centre-School of Public Health and Management, University of Belgrade, School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia. bjegov@med.bg.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bjegovic-Mikanovic
authors.affiliation: Institute of Social Medicine, University of Belgrade, School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia. dvukovic@med.bg.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Dejana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vukovic
authors.affiliation: Institute of Social Medicine, University of Belgrade, School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia. msantric@med.bg.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santric-Milicevic
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, University of Belgrade, School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia. marinkovic.j@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marinkovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics and Mathematics, Faculty of Economics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. drvasic@yubc.net.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vasic
authors.affiliation: Section of International Public Health (S-IPH), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany. ulrich.laaser@uni-bielefeld.de.
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Laaser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006739:Hospital Administration / Q000193:education*; D006740:Hospital Administrators / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D007324:Institutional Management Teams; D007857:Leadership; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010934:Planning Techniques; D011050:Policy Making; D011446:Prospective Studies