title: Hydrolysable tannin fed to entire male pigs affects intestinal production, tissue deposition and hepatic clearance of skatole.
abstract: The effect of adding hydrolysable tannins to the diet of fattening boars was studied. Performance, reproductive organ weights, salivary gland morphology, boar taint compounds and skatole metabolism were evaluated. At 123 days of age and 52 ± 6 kg liveweight, 24 Landrace × Large White boars were assigned within a litter to four treatment groups: control (T0 fed mixture with 13.2 MJ/kg, 17.5% crude proteins) and three experimental diets for which the T0 diet was supplemented with 1%, 2% and 3% of hydrolysable tannin-rich extract (T1, T2 and T3, respectively). Pigs were kept individually with ad libitum access to feed and water and slaughtered at 193 days of age and 122 ± 10 kg liveweight. Adding hydrolysable tannins to the diet had no negative effect on growth performance at 1% and 2%, whereas the 3% inclusion reduced feed intake and resulted in an adaptive response of the salivary glands (particularly parotid gland hypertrophy). Relative to T0, fat tissue skatole concentration was increased in the T1 group, but was similar in T2 and T3. Across treatments tissue skatole concentrations were proportional to the activity of hepatic CYP450. The results indicate the potential of tannin supplementation to reduce boar taint although further investigations are needed in order to establishing optimal dosage.
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova ulica 17, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoče, Slovenia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Čandek-Potokar
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova ulica 17, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Electronic address: martin.skrlep@kis.si.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Škrlep
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova ulica 17, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Batorek Lukač
authors.affiliation: Uppsala BioCenter, Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7051, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zamaratskaia
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoče, Slovenia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prevolnik Povše
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova ulica 17, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Š
authors.initials: Š
authors.lastname: Velikonja Bolta
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva ulica 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kubale
authors.affiliation: Agroscope Institute for Livestock Sciences, Route de la Tioleyre 4, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bee
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents / Q000737:chemistry; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D005837:Genitalia, Male / Q000378:metabolism; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000378:metabolism; D012862:Skatole / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine / Q000378:metabolism*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D012862:Skatole
keywords: Androstenone; Cytochrome P450; Pig; Skatole; Tannins