title: Mechanism of Deep Brain Stimulation: Inhibition, Excitation, or Disruption?
abstract: Deep brain stimulation (DBS), applying high-frequency electrical stimulation to deep brain structures, has now provided an effective therapeutic option for treatment of various neurological and psychiatric disorders. DBS targeting the internal segment of the globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and thalamus is used to treat symptoms of movement disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, dystonia, and tremor. However, the mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of DBS remains poorly understood and is still under debate: Does DBS inhibit or excite local neuronal elements? In this short review, we would like to introduce our recent work on the physiological mechanism of DBS and propose an alternative explanation: DBS dissociates input and output signals, resulting in the disruption of abnormal information flow through the stimulation site.
authors.affiliation: Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences and Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Satomi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chiken
authors.affiliation: Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences and Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan nambu@nips.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nambu
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D000818:Animals; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000503:physiopathology; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation; D006801:Humans; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009433:Neural Inhibition; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Parkinson’s disease; deep brain stimulation; dystonia; globus pallidus; stereotactic surgery; subthalamic nucleus