title: Determination of florfenicol residues in broiler meat and liver samples using RP-HPLC with UV-visible detection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Broilers are vulnerable to various types of microorganisms, including Salmonella, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, resulting in multiple infections. Broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs such as florfenicol (FF) are widely used in the treatment of such infections. Suspected residues of these drugs in body tissues of treated birds can be passed to humans through meat consumption and thus lead to serious ill effects on human health. The present study was designed to estimate the presence of FF residues in broiler meat and liver samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean residual concentrations of FF in broiler meat and liver samples were 311.42 ± 186.56 and 2585.44 ± 1759.71 µg kg(-1) respectively, which are higher than their respective maximum residual limits (MRLs). The results showed that 126 and 24 samples were FF-positive and FF-negative respectively. Of the positive samples, 84 and 42 samples were above and below the MRL respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate the presence of FF residues in broiler meat and liver samples. Usage of this contaminated meat causes resistance in consumers and poses a public health threat. Thus there is a need to educate farmers about the ill effects of residual drugs on human health and their withdrawal times in poultry. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Asma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nasim
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Bilal
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aslam
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Ijaz
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Javed
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Asghar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Faqir
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Muhammad
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raza
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Zia-ud-Din
authors.initials: ZU
authors.lastname: Sindhu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D002645:Chickens; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry*; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis; D010154:Pakistan; D011200:Poultry; D013839:Thiamphenicol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D019155:Veterinary Drugs / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D019155:Veterinary Drugs; C035534:florfenicol; D013839:Thiamphenicol
keywords: broilers; florfenicol residues; high-performance liquid chromatography; liver; meat