title: Dissection of jasmonate functions in tomato stamen development by transcriptome and metabolome analyses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Jasmonates are well known plant signaling components required for stress responses and development. A prominent feature of jasmonate biosynthesis or signaling mutants is the loss of fertility. In contrast to the male sterile phenotype of Arabidopsis mutants, the tomato mutant jai1-1 exhibits female sterility with additional severe effects on stamen and pollen development. Its senescence phenotype suggests a function of jasmonates in regulation of processes known to be mediated by ethylene. To test the hypothesis that ethylene involved in tomato stamen development is regulated by jasmonates, a temporal profiling of hormone content, transcriptome and metabolome of tomato stamens was performed using wild type and jai1-1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Wild type stamens showed a transient increase of jasmonates that is absent in jai1-1. Comparative transcriptome analyses revealed a diminished expression of genes involved in pollen nutrition at early developmental stages of jai1-1 stamens, but an enhanced expression of ethylene-related genes at late developmental stages. This finding coincides with an early increase of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) in jai1-1 and a premature pollen release from stamens, a phenotype similarly visible in an ethylene overproducing mutant. Application of jasmonates to flowers of transgenic plants affected in jasmonate biosynthesis diminished expression of ethylene-related genes, whereas the double mutant jai1-1 NeverRipe (ethylene insensitive) showed a complementation of jai1-1 phenotype in terms of dehiscence and pollen release.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest an essential role of jasmonates in the temporal inhibition of ethylene production to prevent premature desiccation of stamens and to ensure proper timing in flower development.
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D06120, Halle, Germany. susanne.forner@ipb-halle.de.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dobritzsch
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D06120, Halle, Germany. martin.weyhe@ipb-halle.de.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weyhe
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D06120, Halle, Germany. ramona.schubert@ipb-halle.de.
authors.forename: Ramona
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D06120, Halle, Germany. julian.dindas@uni-wuerzburg.de.|Present address: Department of Botany I, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D97082, Würzburg, Germany. julian.dindas@uni-wuerzburg.de.
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dindas
authors.affiliation: Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Biocenter, Electron Microscopy, Weinbergweg 22, D06120, Halle, Germany. gerd.hause@biozentrum.uni-halle.de.
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hause
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, D14476, Potsdam, (OT) Golm, Germany. Kopka@mpimp-golm.mpg.de.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kopka
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D06120, Halle, Germany. bhause@ipb-halle.de.
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hause
mesh_terms: D000598:Amino Acids, Cyclic / Q000378:metabolism; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000378:metabolism; D035264:Flowers / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D017343:Genes, Plant; D007532:Isoleucine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D055442:Metabolome / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D055432:Metabolomics; D008954:Models, Biological; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011058:Pollen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012995:Solubility; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000598:Amino Acids, Cyclic; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D005030:Ethylenes; D054883:Oxylipins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C532883:jasmonoyl-isoleucine; D007532:Isoleucine; C023863:1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid; C011006:jasmonic acid; C036216:ethylene