title: Management of Low-Flow Vascular Malformations: Clinical Presentation, Classification, Patient Selection, Imaging and Treatment.
abstract: This review article aims to give an overview of the current state of imaging, patient selection, agents and techniques used in the management of low-flow vascular malformations. The review includes the current classifications for low-flow vascular malformations including the 2014 updates. Clinical presentation and assessment is covered with a detailed section on the common sclerosant agents used to treat low-flow vascular malformations, including dosing and common complications. Imaging is described with a guide to a simple stratification of the use of imaging for diagnosis and interventional techniques.
authors.affiliation: Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham (QEHB) & Birmingham Children's Hospital (BCH), Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK. ian.mccafferty@uhb.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: McCafferty
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D018579:Patient Selection; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015911:Sclerotherapy; D014463:Ultrasonography; D054079:Vascular Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D012597:Sclerosing Solutions
keywords: Embolization; Paediatric interventions; Peripheral vascular; Vascular malformations; Vein; Venous intervention