title: Clinical association between pharmacogenomics and adverse drug reactions.
abstract: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a major public health concern and cause significant patient morbidity and mortality. Pharmacogenomics is the study of how genetic polymorphisms affect an individual's response to pharmacotherapy at the level of a whole genome. This article updates our knowledge on how genetic polymorphisms of important genes alter the risk of ADR occurrence after an extensive literature search. To date, at least 244 pharmacogenes identified have been associated with ADRs of 176 clinically used drugs based on PharmGKB. At least 28 genes associated with the risk of ADRs have been listed by the Food and Drug Administration as pharmacogenomic biomarkers. With the availability of affordable and reliable testing tools, pharmacogenomics looks promising to predict, reduce, and minimize ADRs in selected populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 30, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
authors.forename: Zhi-Wei
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xiao-Wu
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Kevin B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Sneed
authors.forename: Yin-Xue
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xueji
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhi-Xu
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: Tianxin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Shu-Feng
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics