title: Prevalence, awareness, medication, control, and risk factors associated with hypertension in Yi ethnic group aged 50 years and over in rural China: the Yunnan minority eye study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypertension is an important public health issue in China, but there are few studies examining hypertension in ethnic groups in Yunnan, China. This study, Yunnan Minority Eye Study (YMES), was initially designed to determine the prevalence and impact of eye diseases, including hypertension and diabetes mellitus. As a part of YMES, the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension and the associated risk factors among the Yi ethnic population in rural China are reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based survey was conducted in 2012 with adult participants over 50 from rural communities in Shilin Yi Autonomous County, Yunnan Province, located in southwest China. A random cluster sampling method was used to select a representative sample. The participants' blood pressure, height, weight, and waist circumference were measured. Hypertension was defined as mean systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, and/or current use of antihypertensive medications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 2208 adults were assessed. The prevalence of hypertension was 38.5%, and the age- and gender-adjusted prevalence was 37.0%. The proportion of patients who were aware of their hypertension among those diagnosed with hypertension was 24.8%. Of those aware of having hypertension, 23.6% took antihypertensive drugs. Among all hypertensive patients, only 7.2% had controlled their hypertension (<140/90 mmHg). Risk factors for hypertension were older age, smoking, alcohol consumption, family history of high blood pressure, overweight, and obesity. Protective factors included being slim and higher education.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypertension was highly prevalent among this population of the Yi ethnic group in China. The ratio of awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension were considerately low. Hypertension education and screening programs in rural China are recommended to improve the health status of this population.
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming, Medical University, Kunming, China. lxchenkmu@163.com.
authors.forename: Lixing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing, Medical University, Nanjing, China. zongykmu@163.com.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zong
authors.affiliation: Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China. weitaokmu@163.com.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China. shengxunkmu@163.com.
authors.forename: Xun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming, Medical University, Kunming, China. shenweikmu@163.com.|The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China. shenweikmu@163.com.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming, Medical University, Kunming, China. lijunkmu@163.com.|The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China. lijunkmu@163.com.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming, Medical University, Kunming, China. yangxiaokmu@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming, Medical University, Kunming, China. zhonghuakmu@163.com.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming, Medical University, Kunming, China. zhangyangkmu@163.com.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming, Medical University, Kunming, China. 1119abcd@163.com.
authors.forename: Yuansheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing, Medical University, Nanjing, China. chenkmu@163.com.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming, Medical University, Kunming, China. zhoculist@163.com.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhong
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001364:Awareness; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents