title: Seroprevalence and awareness of human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer screening results among reproductive-aged Georgian women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As is the case in many developing countries, more than half of the new cervical cancer cases in Georgia are late-stage diagnoses, thus reducing the opportunity for effective treatment. A state cancer screening programme was launched in Tbilisi in 2006; 5 years later the programme had expanded to other regions in Georgia.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was designed to estimate awareness about human papillomavirus (HPV), cervical cancer screening, the HPV vaccine, and the seroprevalence of HPV infection among reproductive-aged Georgian women. Study participants were recruited from four women's consultation centres in different regions of Georgia. Data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires and HPV seroprevalence was assessed for HPV types 6/11/16/18.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 500 study participants, 52.0% were aware of HPV and 36.4% stated that the main cause of cervical cancer is HPV. Of those aware of HPV, 78% reported attending for cervical cancer screening at least once during their lifetime. Half (50.8%) of all respondents were unaware of the HPV vaccine. Of the women who agreed to be tested for anti-HPV antibodies (n=317), 21.1% were positive. Women reporting no condom use were more likely to have HPV antibodies (prevalence ratio 2.77; 95% confidence interval 1.79-4.27). Awareness of cervical cancer screening was significantly associated with HPV seropositivity. With multivariate analysis, both absence of condom use and lack of knowledge about cervical cancer screening were independently associated with HPV seropositivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More comprehensive public awareness campaigns should be developed to raise awareness about HPV screening and prevention.
authors.affiliation: Director, Health Research Union (HRU), Tbilisi, Georgia.
authors.forename: Maia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Butsashvili
authors.affiliation: Epidemiologist, Health Research Union (HRU), Tbilisi, Georgia.
authors.forename: Tinatin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abzianidze
authors.affiliation: Head of Epidemiologic Department, Health Research Union (HRU), Tbilisi, Georgia.
authors.forename: Maia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kajaia
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Scientist, Health Research Union (HRU), Tbilisi, Georgia.
authors.forename: Dodo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Agladze
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Scientist, Health Research Union (HRU), Tbilisi, Georgia.
authors.forename: Ekaterine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kldiashvili
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bednarczyk
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Louise-Anne
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: McNutt
authors.affiliation: Head of Laboratory Department, Health Research Union (HRU), Tbilisi, Georgia.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kamkamidze
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D005260:Female; D005846:Georgia (Republic) / Q000453:epidemiology; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines
keywords: awareness; cervical cancer screening; human papillomavirus; seroprevalence; vaccine