title: Mesenchymal stromal cell delivery of full-length tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand is superior to soluble type for cancer therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) delivery of pro-apoptotic tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is an attractive strategy for anticancer therapy. MSCs expressing full-length human TRAIL (flT) or its soluble form (sT) have previously been shown to be effective for cancer killing. However, a comparison between the two forms has never been performed, leaving it unclear which approach is most effective. This study addresses the issue for the possible clinical application of TRAIL-expressing MSCs in the future.
  
  
  METHODS
  MSCs were transduced with lentiviruses expressing flT or an isoleucine zipper-fused sT. TRAIL expression was examined and cancer cell apoptosis was measured after treatment with transduced MSCs or with MSC-derived soluble TRAIL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The transduction does not adversely affect cell phenotype. The sT-transduced MSCs (MSC-sT) secrete abundant levels of soluble TRAIL but do not present the protein on the cell surface. Interestingly, the flT-transduced MSCs (MSC-flT) not only express cell-surface TRAIL but also release flT into medium. These cells were examined for inducing apoptosis in 20 cancer cell lines. MSC-sT cells showed very limited effects. By contrast, MSC-flT cells demonstrated high cancer cell-killing efficiency. More importantly, MSC-flT cells can overcome some cancer cell resistance to recombinant TRAIL. In addition, both cell surface flT and secreted flT are functional for inducing apoptosis. The secreted flT was found to have higher cancer cell-killing capacity than either recombinant TRAIL or MSC-secreted sT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations demonstrate that MSC delivery of flT is superior to MSC delivery of sT for cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: ZhengQiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Krishna K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Kolluri
authors.affiliation: Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Elizabeth K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Sage
authors.affiliation: Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Kate H C
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Gowers
authors.affiliation: Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: s.janes@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Sam M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Janes
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000235:genetics; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014161:Transduction, Genetic / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; C505653:TNFSF10 protein, human
keywords: TRAIL; apoptosis; cancer; mesenchymal stromal cell; tumor