title: Precision of the retinal tomograph as a screening device.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the diagnostic accuracy of the Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph 3 (HRT3) as a screening device in comparison with the reference standard of Octopus standard automated perimetry results (SAP) combined with clinical findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients underwent screening examinations and investigations within a single day. Abnormal screening results were classified as follows: The HRT3: Either "borderline" or "outside normal limits" using the global Moorfields classification (MFC); SAP and clinical exam: A mean defect>2.4 dB or "outside normal limits" clear text analysis of SAP; and one of the following i) IOP>21 mmHg, ii) Van Herrick<¼, iii) cup disc ratio>0.55, iv) optic nerve head abnormality, v) narrow iridocorneal angle or vi) evidence of peripheral anterior synechiae on gonioscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the participants was 59.9 years (±14.8 [21, 91]). Twenty-three subjects (16%) were classified as abnormal on SAP and clinical exam. The HRT3 classification had a sensitivity of 30% (95% CI [16%, 51%]) with associated specificity of 58% (95% CI [49%, 66%]). Of the sixty subjects classified as borderline or outside normal limits with the HRT MFC global result, seven subjects were also abnormal according to SAP and clinical exam.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the HRT3 may not be suitable as a sole screening device; however, further investigation is necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Foundation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bergin
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Foundation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oleszczuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Foundation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sharkawi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology*; D042261:Retinoscopes; D042262:Retinoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D041622:Tomography, Optical / Q000379:methods*