title: Neuropathic pain screening questionnaires have limited measurement properties. A systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4), ID Pain, Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS), PainDETECT, and Neuropathic Pain Questionnaire have been recommended as screening questionnaires for neuropathic pain. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the measurement properties (eg, criterion validity and reliability) of these questionnaires.
  
  
  METHODS
  Online database searches were conducted and two independent reviewers screened studies and extracted data. Methodological quality of included studies and the measurement properties were assessed against established criteria. A modified Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was used to summarize the level of evidence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-seven studies were included. Most studies recruited participants from pain clinics. The original version of the DN4 (French) and Neuropathic Pain Questionnaire (English) had the most number of satisfactory measurement properties. The ID Pain (English) demonstrated satisfactory hypothesis testing and reliability, but all other properties tested were unsatisfactory. The LANSS (English) was unsatisfactory for all properties, except specificity. The PainDETECT (English) demonstrated satisfactory hypothesis testing and criterion validity. In general, the cross-cultural adaptations had less evidence than the original versions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, the DN4 and Neuropathic Pain Questionnaire were most suitable for clinical use. These screening questionnaires should not replace a thorough clinical assessment.
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Department, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Level 13, 321 Kent St, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. Electronic address: smathieson@georgeinstitute.org.au.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mathieson
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Department, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Level 13, 321 Kent St, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia.
authors.forename: Christopher G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Maher
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The EMGO(+) Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Caroline B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Terwee
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Department, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Level 13, 321 Kent St, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia.
authors.forename: Tarcisio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Folly de Campos
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Department, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Level 13, 321 Kent St, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia.
authors.forename: Chung-Wei Christine
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening; D009437:Neuralgia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: DN4; ID pain; LANSS; Neuropathic pain; PainDETECT; Questionnaire