title: [A new herbs traceability method based on DNA barcoding-origin-morphology analysis--an example from an adulterant of 'Heiguogouqi'].
abstract: The fruit of Lycium ruthenicum is a common folk medicine in China. Now it is popular for its antioxidative effect and other medical functions. The adulterants of the herb confuse consumers. In order to identify a new adulterant of L. ruthenicum, a research was performed based on NCBI Nucleotide Database ITS Sequence, combined analysis of the origin and morphology of the adulterant to traceable varieties. Total genomic DNA was isolated from the materials, and nuclear DNA ITS sequences were amplified and sequenced; DNA fragments were collated and matched by using ContingExpress. Similarity identification of BLAST analysis was performed. Besides, the distribution of plant origin and morphology were considered to further identification and verification. Families and genera were identified by molecular identification method. The adulterant was identified as plant belonging to Berberis. Origin analysis narrowed the range of sample identification. Seven different kinds of plants in Berberis were potential sources of the sample. Adulterants variety was traced by morphological analysis. The united molecular identification-origin-morphology research proves to be a preceding way to medical herbs traceability with time-saving and economic advantages and the results showed the new adulterant of L. ruthenicum was B. kaschgarica. The main differences between B. kaschgarica and L. ruthenicum are as follows: in terms of the traits, the surface of B. kaschgarica is smooth and crispy, and that of L. ruthenicum is shrinkage, solid and hard. In microscopic characteristics, epicarp cells of B. aschgarica thickening like a string of beads, stone cells as the rectangle, and the stone cell walls of L. ruthenicum is wavy, obvious grain layer. In molecular sequences, the length of ITS sequence of B. kaschgarica is 606 bp, L. ruthenicum is 654 bp, the similarity of the two sequences is 53.32%.
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Xiao-qin
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiao-na
authors.initials: XN
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Yi-mei
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Zang
authors.lastname: Li Yan-peng
authors.forename: Chang-hua
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Bai-xiao
authors.initials: BX
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Chun-sheng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D028142:Berberis / Q000145:classification* / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics; D002681:China; D058893:DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic / Q000379:methods*; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004340:Drug Contamination; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000592:standards; D032305:Lycium / Q000145:classification* / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D018744:DNA, Plant; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal