title: Wavelet representation of the corneal pulse for detecting ocular dicrotism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a reliable and powerful method for detecting the ocular dicrotism from non-invasively acquired signals of corneal pulse without the knowledge of the underlying cardiopulmonary information present in signals of ocular blood pulse and the electrical heart activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective data from a study on glaucomatous and age-related changes in corneal pulsation [PLOS ONE 9(7),(2014):e102814] involving 261 subjects was used. Continuous wavelet representation of the signal derivative of the corneal pulse was considered with a complex Gaussian derivative function chosen as mother wavelet. Gray-level Co-occurrence Matrix has been applied to the image (heat-maps) of CWT to yield a set of parameters that can be used to devise the ocular dicrotic pulse detection schemes based on the Conditional Inference Tree and the Random Forest models. The detection scheme was first tested on synthetic signals resembling those of a dicrotic and a non-dicrotic ocular pulse before being used on all 261 real recordings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A detection scheme based on a single feature of the Continuous Wavelet Transform of the corneal pulse signal resulted in a low detection rate. Conglomeration of a set of features based on measures of texture (homogeneity, correlation, energy, and contrast) resulted in a high detection rate reaching 93%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is possible to reliably detect a dicrotic ocular pulse from the signals of corneal pulsation without the need of acquiring additional signals related to heart activity, which was the previous state-of-the-art. The proposed scheme can be applied to other non-stationary biomedical signals related to ocular dynamics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Melcer
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Monika E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Danielewska
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: D Robert
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Iskander
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D003315:Cornea / Q000502:physiology*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D010092:Oximetry; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D058067:Wavelet Analysis