title: Targeting the adaptive molecular landscape of castration-resistant prostate cancer.
abstract: Castration and androgen receptor (AR) pathway inhibitors induce profound and sustained responses in advanced prostate cancer. However, the inevitable recurrence is associated with reactivation of the AR and progression to a more aggressive phenotype termed castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). AR reactivation can occur directly through genomic modification of the AR gene, or indirectly via co-factor and co-chaperone deregulation. This mechanistic heterogeneity is further complicated by the stress-driven induction of a myriad of overlapping cellular survival pathways. In this review, we describe the heterogeneous and evolvable molecular landscape of CRPC and explore recent successes and failures of therapeutic strategies designed to target AR reactivation and adaptive survival pathways. We also discuss exciting areas of burgeoning anti-tumour research, and their potential to improve the survival and management of patients with CRPC.
authors.affiliation: Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada awyatt@prostatecentre.com m.gleave@ubc.ca.
authors.forename: Alexander W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Wyatt
authors.affiliation: Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada awyatt@prostatecentre.com m.gleave@ubc.ca.
authors.forename: Martin E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Gleave
mesh_terms: D000220:Adaptation, Biological; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000639:trends; D015510:Clinical Medicine / Q000639:trends; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D064129:Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011944:Receptors, Androgen
keywords: androgen receptor; castration‐resistant prostate cancer; stress response; survival pathways; tumour heterogeneity