title: Antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and sub-chronic toxicity of Derris reticulata extract: its antidiabetic potential.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antidiabetic activity of Derris reticulata extract on alloxan-induced diabetic rats has been reported. The extract was found to lower blood glucose and inhibit intestinal glucose absorption. The aim of this study was to further investigate mechanisms underlying the antihyperglycemic activity of D. reticulata extract in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  The aqueous extract was obtained from D. reticulata stem. Phytochemical screening, total phenolic, and flavanoid contents were examined. ABTS and DPPH scavenging assays, and FRAP method were used to determine in vitro antioxidant activities. Measurement of cell viability on alloxan-induced cellular damage was performed in the insulin-secreting RINm5F cells by MTT assay. The effects of the extract on α-glucosidase activity and insulin release were studied. In addition, sub-chronic toxicity test in rats was also conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results revealed that the extract, which consisted of terpenoids, saponins, tannins and flavonoids, possessed moderate radical scavenging activities. Pre-treatment of RINm5F cells with the extract was also found to exert moderate, but significant, in vitro protection against alloxan, an oxidative stress producing agent. Unlike glibenclamide, the extract did not stimulate insulin secretion. However, the extract was found to inhibit α-glucosidase activity similar to acarbose. It was found that in sub-chronic toxicity studies D. reticulata extract did not cause mortality or produce any remarkable haematological, biochemical and histopathological adverse effects in rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data suggest that the possible mechanisms underlying antihyperglycemic activity of D. reticulata extract are cytoprotective effect on pancreatic cells, presumably by its antioxidant activity, and inhibition of α-glucosidase. Sub-chronic toxicity study also provides scientific evidence to corroborate the safety of this plant as an alternative antidiabetic agent.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacology, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand. pakarang@g.swu.ac.th.|Current address: Division of Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Ongkharak, Nakhon-Nayok, 26120, Thailand. pakarang@g.swu.ac.th.
authors.forename: Pakarang
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumkrai
authors.affiliation: School of Anatomy, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand. oratai@g.sut.ac.th.
authors.forename: Oratai
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Weeranantanapan
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacology, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand. nuannoi@sut.ac.th.
authors.forename: Nuannoi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chudapongse
mesh_terms: D020909:Acarbose / Q000494:pharmacology; D000496:Alloxan; D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D029866:Derris / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005905:Glyburide / Q000494:pharmacology; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013634:Tannins / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000975:Antioxidants; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005419:Flavonoids; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013634:Tannins; D000496:Alloxan; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases; D005905:Glyburide; D020909:Acarbose