title: Parasite Specific Antibody Increase Induced by an Episode of Acute P. falciparum Uncomplicated Malaria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is no approved vaccine for malaria, and precisely how human antibody responses to malaria parasite components and potential vaccine molecules are developed and maintained remains poorly defined. In this study, antibody anamnestic or memory response elicited by a single episode of P. falciparum infection was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study involved 362 malaria patients aged between 6 months to 60 years, of whom 19% were early-diagnosed people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). On the day malaria was diagnosed and 42 days later, blood specimens were collected. Parasite density, CD4+ cells, and antibodies specific to synthetic peptides representing antigenic regions of the P. falciparum proteins GLURP, MSP3 and HRPII were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the day of malaria diagnosis, Immunoglobulin (IgG) antibodies against GLURP, MSP3 and HRP II peptides were present in the blood of 75%, 41% and 60% of patients, respectively. 42 days later, the majority of patients had boosted their serum IgG antibody more than 1.2 fold. The increase in level of IgG antibody against the peptides was not affected by parasite density at diagnosis. The median CD4+ cell counts of PLWHAs and HIV negative individuals were not statistically different, and median post-infection increases in anti-peptide IgG were similar in both groups of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the majority (70%) of individuals, an infection of P. falciparum elicits at least 20% increase in level of anti-parasite IgG. This boost in anti-P. falciparum IgG is not affected by parasite density on the day of malaria diagnosis, or by HIV status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaddumukasa
authors.affiliation: College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lwanira
authors.affiliation: College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lugaajju
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: Elly
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Katabira
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kristina E M
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Persson
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wahlgren
authors.affiliation: College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Habib Medical School, IUIU, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kironde
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007223:Infant; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010455:Peptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000276:immunology; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D010455:Peptides; D015800:Protozoan Proteins