title: Dysregulation of over-expressed IL-32 in colorectal cancer induces metastasis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interleukin (IL)-32 is a described intracellular pluripotent pro-inflammatory mediator, characterized by the signaling of NF-κB and STAT3.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our study investigated whether IL-32 expression has clinical significance in the metastases of colorectal cancer (CRC). A total of 70 CRC patients were enrolled, 47 cases of which were single CRC organic metastasis lesions while the rest of which were primary CRC lesions (T4NxM0). IL-32 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the correlation between IL-32 expression and CRC metastases was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The positive rates of IL-32 in the CRC organic metastasis group were more severe than those in the primary CRC group (P < 0.05). The positive rate of IL-32 in primary CRC with lymph node metastasis was more severe than that of IL-32 in primary CRC without lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The level of IL-32 expression could influence the N grade of CRC. Thus, IL-32 expression may stimulate the organic metastasis and the lymph node metastasis of CRC.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Floor 16, Building 2, 12 Wulumuqizhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China. fengwu822@qq.com.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Floor 16, Building 2, 12 Wulumuqizhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China. wangzihao430@sina.com.
authors.forename: Zihao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Floor 16, Building 2, 12 Wulumuqizhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China. 852410492@qq.com.
authors.forename: Yiming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Floor 16, Building 2, 12 Wulumuqizhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China. 15800781746@139.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoxiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Floor 16, Building 2, 12 Wulumuqizhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China. 07301010200@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jianbin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Floor 16, Building 2, 12 Wulumuqizhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China. zongyouchen@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Zongyou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C496971:IL32 protein, human; D007378:Interleukins; D016328:NF-kappa B