title: [Expression characteristics of epithelial markers in human embryonic stem cells differentiating into keratinocytes].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To differentiate human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into keratinocytes (K-hESCs) and analyse the expression characteristics of biomarkers of K-hESCs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The hESCs of line H9 were seeded on matrigel in mTeSR1 medium. The hESCs were directly differentiated into keratinocytes in epithelial differentiation medium with bone morphogenetic protein 4, retinoic acid and N2 supplement. The karyotype of K-hESCs was analyzed, comparing the gene expression differences of K-hESCs with human gingival epithelial cells (HGECs), human immortalized oral epithelial cells (HIOECs) and HaCaT by Real-time PCR. Molecular characteristics of the cell differentiation were observed throughout the process by immunocytochemical techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  H9-hESCs were successfully differentiated into the cells that exhibited characteristics of keratinocytes in epithelial differentiation medium. The karyotype of K-hESCs was 46, XX; and the keratinocyte gene p63 expression in K-hESCs was significantly lower than that in HaCaT (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference of p63 expression in K-hESCs, comparing with that in HGECs and HIOECs (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  H9-hESCs could be directly differentiated into K-hESCs. The gene expression of K-hESCs was similar to that of epithelial cells in the early stage of monolayer cells differentiation with high proliferative activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillary Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillary Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillary Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: G Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117510, Singapore.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C525809:BMP4 protein, human; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D014212:Tretinoin