title: A new computer-based pediatric vision-screening test.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We developed and validated the Jaeb Visual Acuity Screener (JVAS), a computerized visual acuity-based screening program for children that employs a rapid, age-specific, standardized algorithm for vision screening in the medical home that is available for download at no cost.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 175 children aged 3 to <8 (median, 6) years were screened with the JVAS before undergoing a complete eye examination (gold standard). The JVAS presented 2 large single surround optotypes (20/100 and 20/80) and then 5 optotypes at a predetermined, age-specific normal threshold. Failure on the gold standard examination was determined using recently published referral criteria and published visual acuity norms for age. We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the JVAS for detecting reduced visual acuity, amblyopia, and amblyopia risk factors. JVAS pass/fail paradigms evaluated were inability to identify 3 of 4, 3 of 5, and 4 of 5 age-appropriate optotype presentations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Screening testability for the JVAS was high, at 100%. Sensitivity of the JVAS ranged from 88% to 91%, and specificity from 73% to 86%, with positive predictive value ranging from 66% to 79% and negative predictive value from 92% to 93% (ranges reflect different pass/fail paradigms).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new JVAS provides an effective and practical method for screening 3- to 7-year-olds using any Windows-based computer. Providing the JVAS free-of-charge to pediatricians and school systems would standardize currently fragmented visual acuity-based screening practices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Electronic address: yamada.tomohiko@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Sarah R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hatt
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Leske
authors.affiliation: Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, Florida.
authors.forename: Pamela S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Moke
authors.affiliation: Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, Florida.
authors.forename: Nick L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Parrucci
authors.affiliation: Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, Florida.
authors.forename: J Jeffrey
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Reese
authors.affiliation: The Permanente Medical Group, Sacramento, California.
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Ruben
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Holmes
mesh_terms: D000550:Amblyopia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015351:Vision Screening / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*