title: Proteomic analysis of canola root inoculated with bacteria under salt stress.
abstract: Plant-growth promoting bacteria can ameliorate the negative effects of salt stress on canola. To better understand the role of bacteria in canola under salt stress, salt-sensitive (Sarigol) and salt-tolerant (Hyola308) cultivars were inoculated with Pseudomonas fluorescens and protein profiles of roots were compared. Bacterial inoculation increased the dry weight and length of canola roots under salt stress. Using a gel-free proteomic technique, 55 commonly changed proteins were identified in Sarigol and Hyola308 roots inoculated with bacteria under salt stress. In both canola cultivars, proteins related to amino acid metabolism and tricarboxylic acid cycle were affected. Hierarchical cluster analysis divided the identified proteins into three clusters. Proteins related to Clusters II and III, which were secretion-associated RAS super family 1, dynamin-like protein, and histone, were increased in roots of both Sarigol and Hyola308 inoculated with bacteria under salt stress. Based on pathway mapping, proteins related to amino acid metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid cycle significantly changed in canola cultivars inoculated with or without bacteria under salt stress. These results suggest that bacterial inoculation of canola roots increases tolerance to salt stress by proteins related to energy metabolism and cell division.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plant-growth promoting bacteria as an emerging aid can ameliorate the negative effect of salt stress on canola. To understand the role of bacteria in canola under salt stress, salt sensitive Sarigol and tolerant Hyola308 cultivars were used. Dry weight and length of canola root were improved by inoculation of bacteria under salt stress. Using gel-free proteomic technique, 55 commonly changed proteins identified in Sarigol and Hyola308 inoculated with bacteria under salt stress. In both canola cultivars, the number of proteins related to amino acid metabolism and tricarboxylic acid cycle was more than other categories with higher change in protein abundance. Hierarchical cluster analysis divided into 3 clusters. Cluster II including secretion-associated RAS super family 1 and dynamin-like protein and Cluster III including histones H2A were increased by bacterial inoculation in both cultivars. Furthermore, pathway mapping highlighted the importance of S-denosylmethionine synthetase and malate dehydrogenase that decreased in canola inoculated with bacteria under salt stress. These results suggest that bacterial inoculation helps the canola to endure salt stress by modulating the proteins related to energy metabolism and cell division.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan; Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16471, Iran.
authors.forename: Farzad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Banaei-Asl
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16471, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bandehagh
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16471, Iran.
authors.forename: Ebrahim Dorani
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Uliaei
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz 53751-71379, Iran.
authors.forename: Davoud
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Farajzadeh
authors.affiliation: Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi 371-0816, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan.
authors.forename: Ghazala
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mustafa
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan. Electronic address: skomatsu@affrc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Setsuko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Komatsu
mesh_terms: D029688:Brassica napus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000502:physiology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism; D011551:Pseudomonas fluorescens / Q000502:physiology*; D054712:Salinity; D055049:Salt Tolerance / Q000502:physiology; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D020543:Proteome
keywords: Canola; Plant-growth promoting bacteria; Proteomics; Root; Salt