title: Influence of Delay Period Duration on Inhibitory Processes for Response Preparation.
abstract: In this study, we examined the dynamics of inhibitory preparatory processes, using a delayed response task in which a cue signaled a left or right index finger (Experiment 1) or hand (Experiment 2) movement in advance of an imperative signal. In Experiment 1, we varied the duration of the delay period (200, 500, and 900 ms). When transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied 100 ms before the imperative, motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited in the first dorsal interosseous were strongly inhibited. For delays of 500 ms or longer, this inhibition was greater when the targeted muscle was selected compared with when it was not selected. In contrast, the magnitude of inhibition just after the cue was inversely related to the duration of the delay period, and the difference between the selected and nonselected conditions was attenuated. In Experiment 2, TMS and peripheral nerve stimulation procedures were used during a 300-ms delay period. MEPs in the flexor carpi radialis for both selected and nonselected conditions were inhibited, but without any change in the H-reflex. Taken together, these results reveal the dual influence of temporal constraints associated with anticipation and urgency on inhibitory processes recruited during response preparation.
authors.affiliation: University of Burgundy, Dijon, Campus Universitaire, UFR STAPS, BP 27877, F-21078 Dijon, France INSERM, U1093, Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice, Dijon F-21078, France.
authors.forename: Florent
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lebon
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Greenhouse
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Ludovica
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Labruna
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vanderschelden
authors.affiliation: University of Burgundy, Dijon, Campus Universitaire, UFR STAPS, BP 27877, F-21078 Dijon, France INSERM, U1093, Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice, Dijon F-21078, France.
authors.forename: Charalambos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Papaxanthis
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Ivry
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D059031:Anticipation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004576:Electromyography; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000502:physiology; D006181:H-Reflex / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000502:physiology; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D011712:Pyramidal Tracts / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: H-reflex; MEP; choice task; inhibition; preparation