title: The value of middle phalangeal hair as an anthropometric marker: A review of the literature.
abstract: Middle phalangeal hair (MPH) is a trait frequently examined in anthropological studies throughout the 20th century. MPH is found on the back of the middle segment of the fingers, excluding the thumb. Typically, researchers examined the presence and absence of hair in various populations, and described it in terms of age, ancestry, and sex. Recently MPH has been examined as a potential anthropometric indicator of: androgen levels, androgen-related side effects in women, gene homozygosity, and disease resistance. Given the potential value of this marker, the present paper provides a comprehensive overview of MPH and its associated characteristics (i.e., ethnicity, sex, age, and hormonal variations) and presents new data on the reliability of MPH assessment. Findings suggest that ethnicity, sex, and age need to be controlled in any studies examining MPH and its relationship with other variables. Two measures of MPH (i.e., presence/absence of MPH and actual hair count) are both acceptable to use in MPH assessment; and the use of a hand lens to examine MPH provides high reliability when MPH is assessed by expert raters. However, researchers should avoid participant self-assessment. Future avenues for research are suggested (e.g., measurement issues and studies on hormonal correlates in women). MPH could be useful in research or for clinical purposes as a possible non-invasive indicator of hormone levels or hormonal sensitivity, or of predisposition toward androgen-related or gene-homozygosity-related health issues or behaviors.
authors.affiliation: Health Hormones & Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada P7B5E1.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Westlund
authors.affiliation: Health Hormones & Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada P7B5E1. Electronic address: koinonen@lakeheadu.ca.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Oinonen
authors.affiliation: Health Hormones & Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada P7B5E1.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mazmanian
authors.affiliation: Health Hormones & Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada P7B5E1.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bird
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000728:Androgens / Q000502:physiology; D000886:Anthropometry; D002648:Child; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D050278:Finger Phalanges / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005385:Fingers / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005828:Genetics, Population; D006197:Hair / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens