title: Isolation of Leptospira interrogans serovar Hardjoprajitno from a calf with clinical leptospirosis in Chile.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although Leptospira isolation has been reported in Chilean cattle, only serological evidence of serovar Hardjo bovis infection has been routinely reported. The present report provides characterization of the pathological presentation and etiology of a clinical case of leptospirosis in a calf from the Los Rios Region in Chile.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a dairy herd in southern Chile, 11 of 130 calves died after presenting signs such as depression and red-tinged urine. One of these calves, a female of eight months, was necropsied, and all the pathological findings were consistent with Leptospira infection. A urine sample was submitted to conventional bacteriological analysis together with highly specific molecular biology typing tools, in order to unravel the specific Leptospira specie and serovar associated with this clinical case. A significant finding of this study was that the obtained isolate was confirmed by PCR as L. interrogans, its VNTR profile properly matching with L. interrogans Hardjoprajitno as well as its specific genomic identity revealed by secY gen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Leptospira interrogans serovar Hardjoprajitno was associated with the investigated calf clinical case. This information adds to the value of serologic results commonly reported, which encourage vaccination improvements to match circulating strains. In addition, this finding represents the first case report of this serovar in Chilean cattle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Edificio Instapanel, Campus Isla Teja, CC 567, Valdivia, Chile. miguelsalgado@uach.cl.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salgado
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Edificio Instapanel, Campus Isla Teja, CC 567, Valdivia, Chile. barbaraotto@uach.cl.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Otto
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile. manuelmoroni@uach.cl.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moroni
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Edificio Instapanel, Campus Isla Teja, CC 567, Valdivia, Chile. errolsandoval@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Errol
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sandoval
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Edificio Instapanel, Campus Isla Teja, CC 567, Valdivia, Chile. greinhar@uach.cl.
authors.forename: German
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reinhardt
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden. Sofia.Boqvist@slu.se.
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boqvist
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Edificio Instapanel, Campus Isla Teja, CC 567, Valdivia, Chile. carolina.encina.o@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Encina
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. munozzan@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Zanzi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D002677:Chile / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D007921:Leptospira interrogans / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007922:Leptospirosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*