title: Venue-Mediated Weak Ties in Multiplex HIV Transmission Risk Networks Among Drug-Using Male Sex Workers and Associates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the structural characteristics of a multiplex HIV transmission risk network of drug-using male sex workers and their associates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a sample of 387 drug-using male sex workers and their male and female associates in Houston, Texas, we estimated an exponential random graph model to examine the venue-mediated relationships between individuals, the structural characteristics of relationships not linked to social venues, and homophily. We collected data in 2003 to 2004. The network comprised social, sexual, and drug-using relationships and affiliations with social venues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individuals affiliated with the same social venues, bars, or street intersections were more likely to have nonreciprocated (weak) ties with others. Sex workers were less likely than were other associates to have reciprocated (strong) ties to other sex workers with the same venues. Individuals tended to have reciprocated ties not linked to venues. Partner choice tended to be predicated on homophily.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Social venues may provide a milieu for forming weak ties in HIV transmission risk networks centered on male sex workers, which may foster the efficient diffusion of prevention messages as diverse information is obtained and information redundancy is avoided.
authors.affiliation: Kayo Fujimoto is with the Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston. Peng Wang is with the School of Behavioural Science, Department of Psychology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. Michael W. Ross is with the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Mark L. Williams is with the Department of Health Policy and Management, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami.
authors.forename: Kayo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Mark L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000635:transmission*; D058015:Health Communication; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D060386:Sex Workers; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012931:Social Environment; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D013781:Texas