title: A new myco-heterotrophic genus, Yunorchis, and the molecular phylogenetic relationships of the tribe Calypsoeae (Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae) inferred from plastid and nuclear DNA sequences.
abstract: We identified a new holomycotrophic orchid that is related to the myco-heterotrophic Calypsoeae. Because chloroplast genes are primarily lacking or are highly divergent, key morphological characters are either reduced or lost from many myco-heterotrophs, and the phylogenetic relationships of weakly supported paraphyletic Calypsoeae within Epidendroideae have been poorly understood in previous molecular systematic studies. Using chloroplast rbcL, psaB, and matK and nuclear Xdh and ITS sequences, we determined the circumscription and systematic positions of the new orchid and the tribe. The results indicate that the epidendroid taxa include most of the clades that are successively sister to the grade of clades representing previously recognized tribes. Calypsoeae comprising four well-supported clades with 12 genera (except for the previous temporarily placed Wullschlaegelia) is supported as a monophyletic and sister clade to Epidendreae (excluding Coeliinae). The new orchid is nested in Calypsoeae and is a sister to Dactylostalix and/or Calypso. This new holomycotrophic orchid presents a subumbel inflorescence that grows underground, and flower with a long pedicel reputing the ground to open and two fragments at the base of the hook, which are obviously morphologically different from those of Calypsoeae. To accommodate this species in the current generic circumscription, a new genus Yunorchis was created.
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China; College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
authors.forename: Guo-Qiang
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
authors.forename: Ming-He
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China; College of Forestry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Yu
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Li-Jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
authors.forename: Si-Ren
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China; College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; College of Forestry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zhong-Jian
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D018742:DNA, Chloroplast / Q000235:genetics*; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000235:genetics; D061125:Genes, Chloroplast; D052836:Heterotrophic Processes / Q000235:genetics; D056626:Inflorescence / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000235:genetics; D029595:Orchidaceae / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D018087:Plastids / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018742:DNA, Chloroplast; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer