title: Management of lymphatic malformations in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the literature on lymphatic malformations and to provide current opinion about the management of these lesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Current treatment options include nonoperative management, surgery, sclerotherapy, radiofrequency ablation, and laser therapy. New therapies are emerging, including sildenafil, propranolol, sirolimus, and vascularized lymph node transfer. The primary focus of management centers on the patient's quality of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multimodal treatment of lymphatic malformations continues to expand as new information about the biology and genetics of these lesions is discovered, in addition to knowledge gained from clinical practice. A patient-centered approach should guide timing and modality of treatment. Continued study of lymphatic malformations will increase and solidify a treatment algorithm for these complicated lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine & Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois, USA *Naina Bagrodia and Ann M. Defnet contributed equally to the writing of this article.
authors.forename: Naina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bagrodia
authors.forename: Ann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Defnet
authors.forename: Jessica J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kandel
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods; D008202:Lymphangioma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D044148:Lymphatic Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D010844:Picibanil / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011788:Quality of Life; D015911:Sclerotherapy / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D010844:Picibanil