title: Experimental hyperglycemia induces an increase of monocyte and T-lymphocyte content in adipose tissue of healthy obese women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hyperglycemia represents one of possible mediators for activation of immune system and may contribute to worsening of inflammatory state associated with obesity. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of a short-term hyperglycemia (HG) on the phenotype and relative content of immune cells in circulation and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAAT) in obese women without metabolic complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hour HG clamp with infusion of octreotide and control investigations with infusion of octreotide or saline were performed in three groups of obese women (Group1: HG, Group 2: Octreotide, Group 3: Saline, n=10 per group). Before and at the end of the interventions, samples of SAAT and blood were obtained. The relative content of immune cells in blood and SAAT was determined by flow cytometry. Gene expression analysis of immunity-related markers in SAAT was performed by quantitative real-time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In blood, no changes in analysed immune cell population were observed in response to HG. In SAAT, HG induced an increase in the content of CD206 negative monocytes/macrophages (p<0.05) and T lymphocytes (both T helper and T cytotoxic lymphocytes, p<0.01). Further, HG promoted an increase of mRNA levels of immune response markers (CCL2, TLR4, TNFα) and lymphocyte markers (CD3g, CD4, CD8a, TBX21, GATA3, FoxP3) in SAAT (p<0.05 and 0.01). Under both control infusions, none of these changes were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute HG significantly increased the content of monocytes and lymphocytes in SAAT of healthy obese women. This result suggests that the short-term HG can modulate an immune status of AT in obese subjects.
authors.affiliation: Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague 10, CZ-100 00 Czech Republic; Department of Sport Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, CZ-100 00 Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tencerová
authors.affiliation: Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague 10, CZ-100 00 Czech Republic; Department of Sport Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, CZ-100 00 Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kračmerová
authors.affiliation: Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague 10, CZ-100 00 Czech Republic; Department of Sport Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, CZ-100 00 Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Krauzová
authors.affiliation: Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague 10, CZ-100 00 Czech Republic; Department of Sport Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, CZ-100 00 Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mališová
authors.affiliation: Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague 10, CZ-100 00 Czech Republic; Department of Sport Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, CZ-100 00 Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Zuzana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kováčová
authors.affiliation: Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague 10, CZ-100 00 Czech Republic; Department of Sport Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, CZ-100 00 Czech Republic; Second Internal Medicine Department, Vinohrady Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Zuzana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wedellová
authors.affiliation: Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague 10, CZ-100 00 Czech Republic; Department of Sport Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, CZ-100 00 Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Šiklová
authors.affiliation: Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague 10, CZ-100 00 Czech Republic; Department of Sport Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, CZ-100 00 Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Štich
authors.affiliation: Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague 10, CZ-100 00 Czech Republic; Department of Sport Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, CZ-100 00 Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Lenka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rossmeislová
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D002452:Cell Count; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006262:Health; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D015282:Octreotide / Q000494:pharmacology; D010641:Phenotype; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050507:Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D007328:Insulin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D015282:Octreotide