title: Apoptosis induction and release of inflammatory cytokines in the oviduct of egg-laying hens experimentally infected with H9N2 avian influenza virus.
abstract: The H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) can cause serious damage to the reproductive tract of egg-laying hens, leading to severe egg-drop and poor egg shell quality. However, previous studies in relation to the oviductal-dysfunction resulted from this agent have not clearly been elucidated. In this study, apoptosis and pathologic changes in the oviducts of egg-laying hens caused by H9N2 AIV were evaluated. To understand the immune response in the pathogenic processes, 30-week old specific pathogen free (SPF) egg-laying hens inoculated with H9N2 subtype of AIV through combined intra-ocular and intra-nasal routes. H9N2 AIV infection resulted in oviductal lesions, triggered apoptosis and expression of immune related genes accompanied with infiltration of CD3(+)CD4(+) and CD3(+)CD8α(+) cells. Significant tissue damage and apoptosis were observed in the five oviductal parts (infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus and vagina) at 5 days post-inoculation (dpi). Furthermore, immune-related genes, including chicken TLR3 (7, 21), MDA5, IL-2, IFN-β, CXCLi1, CXCLi2, XCL1, XCR1 and CCR5 showed variation in the egg-laying hens infected with H9N2 AIV. Notably, mRNA expression of IFN-α was suppressed during the infection. These results show distinct expression patterns of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines amongst segments of the oviduct. Differential gene expression of inflammatory cytokines and lymphocytes aggregation occurring in oviducts may initiate the infected tissue in response to virus replication which may eventually lead to excessive cellular apoptosis and tissue damage.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. Electronic address: wjingyu2004@126.com.
authors.forename: Jingyu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Qiuzhen
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Ruiqiao
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Zhanli
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Xueying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. Electronic address: 286567031@qq.com.
authors.forename: Xingang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D018925:Chemokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002645:Chickens; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D053127:Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D010057:Oviducts / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012098:Reproduction; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000235:genetics; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
keywords: Apoptosis; Egg-laying hens; H9N2 AIV; IFN-α; Oviduct; TLR