title: The validity of the Child Health Utility instrument (CHU9D) as a routine outcome measure for use in child and adolescent mental health services.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few cost-utility studies of child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) use quality adjusted life years (a combination of utility weights and time in health state) as the outcome to enable comparison across disparate programs and modalities. Part of the solution to this problem involves embedding preference-based health-related quality of life (PBHRQOL) utility instruments, which generate utility weights, in clinical practice and research. The Child Health Utility (CHU9D) is a generic PBHRQOL instrument developed specifically for use in young people. The purpose of this study was to assess the suitability of the CHU9D as a routine outcome measure in CAMHS clinical practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred caregivers of children receiving community mental health services completed the CHU9D alongside a standardised child and adolescent mental health measure (the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire - SDQ) during a telephone interview. We investigated face validity, practicality, internal consistency, and convergent validity of the CHU9D. In addition, we compared the utility weights obtained in this group with utility weights from other studies of child and adolescent mental health populations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants found the CHU9D easy and quick to complete. It demonstrated acceptable internal consistency, and correlated moderately with the SDQ. It was able to discriminate between children in the abnormal range and those in the non-clinical/borderline range as measured by the SDQ. Three CHU9D items without corollaries in the SDQ (sleep, schoolwork, daily routine) were found to be significant predictors of the SDQ total score and may be useful clinical metrics. The mean utility weight of this sample was comparable with clinical subsamples from other CHU9D studies, but was significantly higher than mean utility weights noted in other child and adolescent mental health samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Initial validation suggests further investigation of the CHU9D as a routine outcome measure in CAMHS is warranted. Further investigation should explore test-retest reliability, sensitivity to change, concordance between caregiver and child-completed forms, and the calibration of the utility weights. Differences between utility weights generated by the CHU9D and other utility instruments in this population should be further examined by administering a range of PBHRQOL instruments concurrently in a mental health group.
authors.affiliation: Health Economics and Social Policy Group, School of Population Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia. gareth.furber@unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Gareth
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Furber
authors.affiliation: Health Economics and Social Policy Group, School of Population Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia. leonie.segal@unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Leonie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Segal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002669:Child Welfare / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008605:Mental Health Services; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*