title: Effect of sorbitol, single, and multidose activated charcoal administration on carprofen absorption following experimental overdose in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effectiveness of single dose activated charcoal, single dose activated charcoal with sorbitol, and multidose activated charcoal in reducing plasma carprofen concentrations following experimental overdose in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, four period cross-over study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University research setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight healthy Beagles.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 120 mg/kg of carprofen was administered orally to each dog followed by either (i) a single 2 g/kg activated charcoal administration 1 hour following carprofen ingestion (AC); (ii) 2 g/kg activated charcoal with 3.84 g/kg sorbitol 1 hour following carprofen ingestion (ACS); (iii) 2 g/kg activated charcoal 1 hour after carprofen ingestion and repeated every 6 hours for a total of 4 doses (MD); (iv) no treatment (control).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma carprofen concentrations were obtained over a 36-hour period following carprofen ingestion for each protocol. Pharmacokinetic modeling was performed and time versus concentration, area under the curve, maximum plasma concentration, time to maximum concentration, and elimination half-life were calculated and compared among the groups using ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons test. Activated charcoal, activated charcoal with sorbitol (ACS), and multiple-dose activated charcoal (MD) significantly reduced the area under the curve compared to the control group. AC and MD significantly reduced the maximum concentration when compared to the control group. MD significantly reduced elimination half-life when compared to ACS and the control group. There were no other significant differences among the treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Activated charcoal and ACS are as effective as MD in reducing serum carprofen concentrations following experimental overdose in dogs. Prospective studies are warranted to evaluate the effectiveness of AC, ACS, and MD in the clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
authors.forename: Amy M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Koenigshof
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
authors.forename: Matthew W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Beal
authors.affiliation: the Department of Molecular Biosciences, California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA.
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Poppenga
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
authors.forename: L Ari
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Jutkowitz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000931:Antidotes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002400:Cathartics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D002606:Charcoal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy; D004285:Dogs; D062787:Drug Overdose / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013012:Sorbitol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000931:Antidotes; D002227:Carbazoles; D002400:Cathartics; D002606:Charcoal; D013012:Sorbitol; C007005:carprofen
keywords: NSAID; Rimadyl; decontamination; intoxication; toxicity