title: Assessment of Apical Expression of Alpha-2 Integrin, Heat Shock Protein, and Proinflammatory and Immunoregulatory Cytokines in Response to Endodontic Infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to examine alpha-2 integrin, molecular mediators, cytokines, and chemokines from cells in periapical interstitial fluid from root canal infections before and after the reduction of the bacterial load using a cleaning procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects included 20 patients referred to the School of Dentistry at the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil). Clinical samples were taken from teeth with pulp necrosis, and no patients had acute periapical symptoms at the time of the appointments. After cleaning and drying, 3 paper points were introduced into the root canal, passing passively through the root apex (2 mm) into the periapical tissues for 1 minute. The samples were collected immediately after root canal cleaning and 7 days later (restrained root canal bacterial load) to characterize those gene expressions using real-time polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly lower levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), chemokine ligand 2/monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (CCL2/MCP-1), and interleukin (IL)-8 in teeth with restrained bacterial loads (second collection) compared with the first collection were observed (P < .05). Similarly, the messenger RNA expression of the integrins secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SSP1)/ostepontin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) decreased in samples from the second collection (P < .05). The messenger RNA for the regulatory cytokine IL-10 was significant higher in samples from the second collection (day 7) compared with the first collection (day 0) (P < .05). Messenger RNA expression of IL-1β, IL-17A, interferon gamma, alpha-2 integrin, and Hsp47/SERPINH1 were similar at both time points (P > .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that after reducing the root canal bacterial load a decrease in the inflammatory response took place in the periapical lesions.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wilson
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bambirra
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kamilla Faria
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Maciel
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcela Marçal
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Thebit
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Odontologia, Fundação Universidade de Itaúna, Itaúna, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana Carla Neves
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: de Brito
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leda Quercia
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address: sobrinho.bhz@terra.com.br.
authors.forename: Antônio Paulino Ribeiro
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Sobrinho
mesh_terms: D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D058491:Bacterial Load; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D039421:Integrin alpha2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D010485:Periapical Periodontitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D010486:Periapical Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012390:Root Canal Therapy
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D039421:Integrin alpha2; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: Apical periodontitis; FAK; Hsp47/SERPINH1; ITGA2; SSP1/OPN; integrin