title: The trenbolone acetate affects the immune system in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss.
abstract: In aquatic systems, the presence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) can disrupt the reproductive function but also the immune system of wildlife. Some studies have investigated the effects of androgens on the fish immune parameters but the mechanisms by which the xenoandrogens alter the immunity are not well characterized. In order to test the effects of trenbolone acetate (TbA) on fish immune system, we exposed rainbow trout male juveniles during three weeks to TbA levels at 0.1 and 1μg/L. The present results suggest that TbA impacts, in a tissue-dependent manner, the rainbow trout immunity by affecting primarily the humoral immunity. Indeed, TbA inhibited lysozyme activity in plasma and liver and enhanced the alternative complement pathway activity (ACH50) in kidney. In plasma, the modulation of the complement system was time-dependent. The mRNA expression of genes encoding some cytokines such as renal TGF-β1, TNF-α in skin and hepatic IL-1β was also altered in fish exposed to TbA. Regarding the cellular immunity, no effect was observed on the leucocyte population. However, the expression of genes involved in the development and maturation of lymphoid cells (RAG-1 and RAG-2) was decreased in TbA-treated fish. Among those effects, we suggest that the modulation of RAG-1 and mucus apolipoprotein-A1 gene expression as well as plasma and hepatic lysozyme activities are mediated through the action of the androgen receptor. All combined, we conclude that trenbolone affects the rainbow trout immunity.
authors.affiliation: Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), NARILIS, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Massart
authors.affiliation: Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), NARILIS, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium.
authors.forename: Baptiste
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Redivo
authors.affiliation: Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), NARILIS, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium.
authors.forename: Enora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Flamion
authors.affiliation: Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), NARILIS, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium.
authors.forename: S N M
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Mandiki
authors.affiliation: Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), NARILIS, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium.
authors.forename: Elodie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Falisse
authors.affiliation: Unit Research Animal and Functionality of Animal Products (URAFPA), University of Lorraine, F-54003 Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Milla
authors.affiliation: Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), NARILIS, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium. Electronic address: patrick.kestemont@unamur.be.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kestemont
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D007107:Immune System / Q000187:drug effects*; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects; D056724:Immunity, Humoral / Q000187:drug effects; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009113:Muramidase / Q000378:metabolism; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000378:metabolism*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013739:Testosterone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014204:Trenbolone Acetate / Q000633:toxicity*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol; D003165:Complement System Proteins; D009113:Muramidase; C003600:11-ketotestosterone; D014204:Trenbolone Acetate
keywords: Gene expression; Immune parameter; Immunity; Rainbow trout; TbA