title: Altered plasma levels of cytokines, soluble adhesion molecules and matrix metalloproteases in venous thrombosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent studies have emphasized the importance of the inflammatory response mediated by monocyte and neutrophil activation in deep venous thrombosis (DVT); we therefore investigated whether this response was reflected in the plasma profile of inflammatory mediators in patients with suspected DVT.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included a group of 169 consecutive patients admitted to hospital from the primary health care service with suspected lower limb DVT. Plasma levels of 43 mediators were examined for a cohort of 89 consecutive patients and 20 healthy controls by Luminex multiplex analyses, i.e. 13 interleukins, 3 immunomodulatory cytokines, 8 chemokines, 8 growth factors, 3 adhesion molecules and 8 matrix metalloproteases. Selected mediators were analyzed for a second cohort of 80 consecutive patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-five of 169 (21%) of referred patients were diagnosed with DVT. Only P-selectin (p<0.0001), vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1, p=0.0009), matrix metalloprotease 8 (MMP-8, p=0.0151) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF, p=0.0415) differed significantly when comparing patients with and without DVT. When comparing DVT patients with healthy controls we observed significant differences for several mediators, where P-selectin (p=0.0009), VCAM-1 (p<0.0001), all the MMPs (all p<0.0014) and HGF (p<0.0001) showed the strongest significant differences. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analyses based on biomarkers showing differences between patients with and without DVT could be used to identify patient subsets that differed significantly in DVT frequency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma biomarker profiling of selected soluble mediators can be used to identify subsets among patients with suspected lower limb thrombosis that differ significantly in their frequencies of DVT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science, Section of Hematology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine, Section for Hematology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Knut Anders
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Mosevoll
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section for Hematology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Roald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lindås
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section for Hematology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Tor Henrik Anderson
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Tvedt
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science, Section of Hematology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine, Section for Hematology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. Electronic address: oystein.bruserud@helse-bergen.no.
authors.forename: Øystein
authors.initials: Ø
authors.lastname: Bruserud
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science, Section of Hematology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine, Section for Hematology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Håkon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Reikvam
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000097:blood*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000097:blood; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000097:blood*; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016207:Cytokines; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D019007:P-Selectin; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; C036309:fibrin fragment D; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases
keywords: Cell adhesion molecules; Chemokines; Cytokines; Interleukins; Metalloproteases venous thrombosis