title: Wnt antagonist, secreted frizzled-related protein 1, is involved in prenatal skeletal muscle development and is a target of miRNA-1/206 in pigs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Wnt signaling pathway is involved in the control of cell proliferation and differentiation during skeletal muscle development. Secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs), such as SFRP1, function as inhibitors of Wnt signaling. MicroRNA-1/206(miRNA-1/206) is specifically expressed in skeletal muscle and play a critical role in myogenesis. The miRNA-mRNA profiles and bioinformatics study suggested that the SFRP1 gene was potentially regulated by miRNA-1/206 during porcine skeletal muscle development.
  
  
  METHODS
  To understand the function of SFRP1 and miRNA-1/206 in swine myogenesis, we first predicted the targets of miRNA-1/206 with the TargetScan and PicTar programs, and analyzed the molecular characterization of the porcine SFRP1 gene. We performed a temporal-spatial expression analysis of SFRP1 mRNA and miRNA-206 in Tongcheng pigs (a Chinese indigenous breed) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and conducted the co-expression analyses of SFRP1 and miRNA-1/206. Subsequently, the interaction between SFRP1 and miRNA-1/206 was validated via dual luciferase and Western blot assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The bioinformatics analysis predicted SFRP1 to be a target of miRNA-1/206. The expression level of the SFRP1 was highly varied across numerous pig tissues and it was down-regulated during porcine skeletal muscle development. The expression level of the SFRP1 was significantly higher in the embryonic skeletal compared with postnatal skeletal muscle, whereas miR-206 showed the inverse pattern of expression. A significant negative correlation was observed between the expression of miR-1/206 and SFRP1 during porcine skeletal muscle development (p <0.05). Dual luciferase assay and Western-blot results demonstrated that SFRP1 was a target of miR-1/206 in porcine iliac endothelial cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that the SFRP1 gene is regulated by miR-1/206 and potentially affects skeletal muscle development. These findings increase understanding of the biological functions and the regulation of the SFRP1 gene in mammals.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China. yangyalan1988@126.com.|Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, P.R. China. yangyalan1988@126.com.
authors.forename: Yalan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China. 25092596@qq.com.|College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, 712100, Yangling, Shanxi, P.R. China. 25092596@qq.com.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China. rachelwangbio@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ruiqi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, 712100, Yangling, Shanxi, P.R. China. leichuzhao1118@126.com.
authors.forename: Chuzhao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China. 85391032@qq.com.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China. tangzhonglin@caas.cn.|Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, P.R. China. tangzhonglin@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Zhonglin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China. likui@caas.cn.|Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, P.R. China. likui@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Kui
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D024510:Muscle Development; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine; D060449:Wnt Signaling Pathway; D000099274:Frizzled-Related Proteins
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D035683:MicroRNAs; D011506:Proteins; D000099274:Frizzled-Related Proteins