title: Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve Learning and Memory Function in Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain-Damaged Rats via an IL-8-Mediated Secretion Mechanism Rather than Differentiation Pattern Induction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  MSCs are a promising therapeutic resource. Paracrine effects and the induction of differentiation patterns are thought to represent the two primary mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation in vivo. However, it is unclear which mechanism is involved in the therapeutic effects of human umbilical cord-derived MSC (hUC-MSC) transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on flow cytometry analysis, hUC-MSCs exhibited the morphological characteristics and surface markers of MSCs. Following directed neural induction, these cells displayed a neuron-like morphology and expressed high levels of neural markers. All types of hUC-MSCs, including differentiated and redifferentiated cells, promoted learning and memory function recovery in hypoxic-ischemic brain damaged (HIBD) rats. The hUC-MSCs secreted IL-8, which enhanced angiogenesis in the hippocampus via the JNK pathway. However, the differentiated and redifferentiated cells did not exert significantly greater therapeutic effects than the undifferentiated hUC-MSCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  hUC-MSCs display the biological properties and neural differentiation potential of MSCs and provide therapeutic advantages by secreting IL-8, which participates in angiogenesis in the rat HIBD model. These data suggest that hUC-MSC transplantation improves the recovery of neuronal function via an IL-8-mediated secretion mechanism, whereas differentiation pattern induction was limited.
authors.affiliation: Children's Nutrition Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoqin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Jialu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Mulan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Tingyu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016209:Interleukin-8