title: Construct validity of cadaveric temporal bones for training and assessment in mastoidectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the construct validity of cadaveric temporal bones in mastoidectomy training.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Trainees from the North London otolaryngology training program performed step-wise modified radical mastoidectomy on cadaveric temporal bones under faculty supervision. Performance was assessed using a validated mastoidectomy assessment tool. A longitudinal assessment of nine trainees was also carried out over two sessions separated by 12 months. The main outcomes measures were task-specific (TS) and global skills (GS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six intermediate and eight novice trainees participated and were assessed by a minimum of two assessors each. Intermediate trainees performed significantly better than novices in TS and GS (P < 0.001). Performance correlated well with training level using Spearman rank correlation coefficient (r(s)) (TS r(s) 0.265 and GS r(s) 0.503). The number of otological procedures performed, and in particular mastoidectomies, correlated well with performance (TS r(s) 0.327 and GS r(s) 0.528). Longitudinal assessment showed significant improvement with iteration (TS P = 0.008 and GS P = 0.008). Attending otological courses also improved performance significantly (TS r(s) 0.345 and GS r(s) 0.469).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cadaveric temporal bone demonstrated construct validity and can be used to detect progress in performance of otolaryngology trainees. This is a keystone in moving toward a competency-based training system.
  
  
  METHODS
  N/A.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London.
authors.forename: Zaid
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1294-2527
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Awad
authors.affiliation: Maxillofacial Surgery Department, St. George's Hospital.
authors.forename: Chrysostomos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tornari
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London.
authors.forename: Shahanaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London.|Department of Otolaryngology, St. Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Neil S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Tolley
mesh_terms: D002102:Cadaver; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003162:Competency-Based Education; D006801:Humans; D008416:Mastoid / Q000601:surgery; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000193:education*; D013517:Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures / Q000193:education*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Cadaveric temporal bones; assessment; construct validity; technical skills