title: Surface antigen expression on peripheral blood monocytes in women with gynecologic malignancies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Of many specialized blood cells, monocytes are gaining increasing attention for their role in neoplastic disorders. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the expression of selected peripheral blood monocyte surface antigens in cases of cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers. In addition, our aim was to validate the diagnostic value of two artificial coefficients recently proposed for the diagnosis of gynecologic malignancies: Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), and Multiplication of Neutrophil and Monocyte Counts (MNM).
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 69 white Caucasian women with histopathologic confirmation of endometrial (N = 42), cervical (N = 13), and ovarian (N = 14) cancers. Reference Group I were women suspected of cancer but histologically nullified (N = 20), and Group II were healthy blood donors (N = 23). Expression of CD11a, CD11b, CD11c, CD16, CD54 (ICAM-1), CD62 L (L-selectin), CD64, and HLA-DR was measured with immunofluorescence in a flow cytometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CD54 expression increased by ≥35.6% (p < 0.001) whilst HLA-DR decreased by ≥10.8% (p < 0.001) in all cancer subgroups and Group I as compared to blood donors. A correlation (p < 0.05) between CD54 and CD62 L was stronger in all cancers studied than in healthy subjects. There was no difference in the NLR values between any of these subgroups. Moreover, we observed an increase in MNM parameter in cases of cervical and endometrial cancer and in the Reference Group I.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the studied gynecologic malignancies, CD54 expression on peripheral blood monocytes is enhanced, indicating a higher transmigrational potential present in such patients, and HLA-DR expression diminished, indicating a decreased readiness of the immune system to recognize foreign antigens. The more pronounced correlation for the expression of CD54 and CD62 L in cancer suggests that monocytes uptake from the bloodstream and their local adhesion increase the pool of tumor-associated macrophages. This study challenged the suggested credibility and usefulness of the artificial parameters of MNM and NLR for the differential diagnosis of gynecologic malignancies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of Białystok, Skłodowskiej 24 A, 15-276, Białystok, Poland. jozwikmc@interia.pl.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jóźwik
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of Białystok, Skłodowskiej 24 A, 15-276, Białystok, Poland. sunnycub@interia.pl.
authors.forename: Osazee E
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Okungbowa
authors.affiliation: Regional Center for Transfusion Medicine, Białystok, Poland. alipska@rckik.bialystok.pl.
authors.forename: Alina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lipska
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland. jozwik@interia.eu.
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jóźwik
authors.affiliation: Regional Center for Transfusion Medicine, Białystok, Poland. msmoktunowicz@rckik.bialystok.pl.
authors.forename: Marzena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smoktunowicz
authors.affiliation: IInd Department of Gynecology, Lublin Medical University, Lublin, Poland. andrzej.semczuk@umlub.pl.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Semczuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Health, National Research Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland. jozwik@interia.pl.|Medical Institute, State Higher School of Computer Science and Business Administration, Łomża, Poland. jozwik@interia.pl.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jóźwik
authors.affiliation: Regional Center for Transfusion Medicine, Białystok, Poland. piotr.radziwon@wp.pl.|Department of Hematology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland. piotr.radziwon@wp.pl.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Radziwon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000473:pathology; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1