title: Comprehensive imaging manifestations of tuberous sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purposes of this article are to describe the abdominal manifestations of tuberous sclerosis, including renal and hepatic angiomyolipomas, splenic hamartomas, and renal cysts; the differentiation of renal angiomyolipomas from renal cell carcinoma by use of various imaging modalities; and the key imaging findings of intracranial subependymal nodules, giant cell astrocytomas, cortical tubers, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, cardiac rhabdomyomas, and osseous lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tuberous sclerosis is an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by various abnormalities, including multisystemic hamartomas. Correct diagnosis of this syndrome is imperative, not only by detecting cutaneous manifestations at physical examination but also by recognizing the characteristic multimodality imaging findings. Patients can present with a variety of symptoms, ranging from seizures to acute abdomen with life-threatening hemorrhage. The mortality rate is as high as 40% by the age of 35 years.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Saint Vincent Hospital, 123 Summer St, Worcester, MA 01608.
authors.forename: Saro B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Manoukian
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kowal
mesh_terms: D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D006801:Humans; D014402:Tuberous Sclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*
keywords: angiomyolipoma; hamartoma; lymphangioleiomyomatosis; subependymal nodule; tuberous sclerosis