title: Preclinical validation of anti-nuclear factor-kappa B therapy to inhibit human vestibular schwannoma growth.
abstract: Vestibular schwannomas (VSs), the most common tumors of the cerebellopontine angle, arise from Schwann cells lining the vestibular nerve. Pharmacotherapies against VS are almost non-existent. Although the therapeutic inhibition of inflammatory modulators has been established for other neoplasms, it has not been explored in VS. A bioinformatic network analysis of all genes reported to be differentially expressed in human VS revealed a pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) as a central molecule in VS pathobiology. Assessed at the transcriptional and translational level, canonical NF-κB complex was aberrantly activated in human VS and derived VS cultures in comparison to control nerves and Schwann cells, respectively. Cultured primary VS cells and VS-derived human cell line HEI-193 were treated with specific NF-κB siRNAs, experimental NF-κB inhibitor BAY11-7082 (BAY11) and clinically relevant NF-κB inhibitor curcumin. Healthy human control Schwann cells from the great auricular nerve were also treated with BAY11 and curcumin to assess toxicity. All three treatments significantly reduced proliferation in primary VS cultures and HEI-193 cells, with siRNA, 5 μM BAY11 and 50 μM curcumin reducing average proliferation (±standard error of mean) to 62.33% ± 10.59%, 14.3 ± 9.7%, and 23.0 ± 20.9% of control primary VS cells, respectively. These treatments also induced substantial cell death. Curcumin, unlike BAY11, also affected primary Schwann cells. This work highlights NF-κB as a key modulator in VS cell proliferation and survival and demonstrates therapeutic efficacy of directly targeting NF-κB in VS.
authors.affiliation: Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology, 243 Charles Street, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard-MIT Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Electronic address: sdilwaliutsw@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sonam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dilwali
authors.affiliation: Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology, 243 Charles Street, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands. Electronic address: martijnbriet@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Martijn C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Briët
authors.affiliation: Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology, 243 Charles Street, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Electronic address: Shyan-Yuan_Kao@meei.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Shyan-Yuan
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.affiliation: Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology, 243 Charles Street, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address: takeshi_fujita@meei.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.affiliation: Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology, 243 Charles Street, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address: Lukas_landegger@meei.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Lukas D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Landegger
authors.affiliation: Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Boston University, 72 E Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA. Electronic address: Michael.Platt@bmc.org.
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Platt
authors.affiliation: Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology, 243 Charles Street, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard-MIT Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address: konstantina_stankovic@meei.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Konstantina M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Stankovic
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D006801:Humans; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D009442:Neurilemmoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015837:Vestibular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D003474:Curcumin
keywords: BAY 11-7082; Curcumin; NF-κB; Network analysis; TNF; Vestibular schwannoma