title: Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Neuromotor Function in Rural Children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure and neuromotor function in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 404 children aged 7-9 years who were exposed to SHS and other environmental neurotoxicants. Parents reported smoking habits, and serum cotinine levels were measured in children to determine SHS exposure. The Halstead-Reitan Finger Oscillation Test, Purdue Grooved Pegboard Test-Kiddie version, and Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency 2-Short Form were used to assess neuromotor function. Multivariable regression models that accounted for potential confounders were used to evaluate the associations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 50% of the children were exposed to SHS based on serum cotinine measures. Exposure to SHS was significantly associated with motor impairment in children, including diminished visuomotor coordination (P = .01), fine motor integration (P = .01), balance (P = .02), and strength (P = .04) after adjusting for exposures to lead and manganese, age, sex, body mass index, measures of parental cognitive abilities, parental education, and quality of home environment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SHS is a neurotoxicant that may be associated with impaired childhood neuromotor function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
authors.forename: Samrat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yeramaneni
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH.
authors.forename: Kim N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.affiliation: Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yolton
authors.affiliation: Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, NY.
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.affiliation: Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, NY.
authors.forename: Kenneth M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Aldous
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH. Electronic address: erin.haynes@uc.edu.
authors.forename: Erin N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Haynes
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D003367:Cotinine / Q000097:blood*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D010290:Parents; D012424:Rural Population; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D003367:Cotinine