title: Ginkgolic acid suppresses the development of pancreatic cancer by inhibiting pathways driving lipogenesis.
abstract: Ginkgolic acid (GA) is a botanical drug extracted from the seed coat of Ginkgo biloba L. with a wide range of bioactive properties, including anti-tumor effect. However, whether GA has antitumor effect on pancreatic cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms have yet to be investigated. In this study, we show that GA suppressed the viability of cancer cells but has little toxicity on normal cells, e.g, HUVEC cells. Furthermore, treatment of GA resulted in impaired colony formation, migration, and invasion ability and increased apoptosis of cancer cells. In addition, GA inhibited the de novo lipogenesis of cancer cells through inducing activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling and downregulated the expression of key enzymes (e.g. acetyl-CoA carboxylase [ACC], fatty acid synthase [FASN]) involved in lipogenesis. Moreover, the in vivo experiment showed that GA reduced the expression of the key enzymes involved in lipogenesis and restrained the tumor growth. Taken together, our results suggest that GA may serve as a new candidate against tumor growth of pancreatic cancer partially through targeting pathway driving lipogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Jiguang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Wanxing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Suxia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Jianjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Qinhong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Zhengdong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Ligang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nan
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Jiahui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Xuqi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA.
authors.forename: Erxi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Xiongwei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huo
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases / Q000378:metabolism; D020441:Ginkgo biloba / Q000737:chemistry; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D050155:Lipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D034622:RNA Interference; D012459:Salicylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D012459:Salicylates; C112485:ginkgolic acid; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase
keywords: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK); cancer metabolism; ginkgolic acid (GA); lipogenesis; pancreatic cancer