title: Gene and cell therapy for muscle regeneration.
abstract: Skeletal muscle injury and healing are multifactorial processes, involving three steps of healing: (1) degeneration and inflammation, (2) regeneration, and (3) fibrosis. Fibrous tissue hinders the muscle's complete recovery and current therapies fail in achieving total muscle recovery. Gene and cell therapy (or both) are potential future treatments for severe muscular injuries. Stem cells' properties associated with growth factors or/and cytokines can improve muscle healing and permit long-term recovery.
authors.affiliation: Biophysics Department, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Rua Mirassol, 207 - Vila Clementino, 04044-010 São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberta Sessa
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Stilhano
authors.affiliation: Biophysics Department, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Rua Mirassol, 207 - Vila Clementino, 04044-010 São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sheila Jean McNeill
authors.initials: SJM
authors.lastname: Ingham
authors.affiliation: Biophysics Department, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Rua Mirassol, 207 - Vila Clementino, 04044-010 São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Bosco
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Pesquero
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA.
authors.forename: Johnny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huard