title: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with chronic kidney disease have a very high prevalence of deficiency of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. We evaluate the association between 25(OH)D and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in a Chinese sample with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were patients with diabetes mellitus who were hospitalized at our hospital during the period from June 2012 to July 2014. Serum levels of 25(OH)D were tested at admission. DN was defined as a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g in a random spot urine sample. Multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in diabetes with DN as compared to without DN [8.5 (IQR 6.8-11.3) vs. 13.9 (IQR 11.2-18.2) ng/ml, P < 0.0001]. Based on the ROC curve, the optimal cutoff value of serum 25(OH)D levels as an indicator for diagnosis of DN was projected to be 10.5 ng/ml, which yielded a sensitivity of 82.6 % and a specificity of 72.7 %, with the area under the curve at 0.807 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.764-0.849]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for common risk factors showed that with serum 25(OH)D level ≤10.5 ng/ml was an independent indicator of DN [odds ratio (OR) = 6.559; 95 % CI 2.864-11.368].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggested that diabetes with DN had lower serum 25(OH)D levels and that determination of 25(OH)D statuses might be used to identify patients at increased risk of developing nephropathy complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Linyi People's Hospital, No. 27, The Eastern Section of Jiefang Road, Linyi, 276003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China, penpenbik276@163.com.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Liu-Juan
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D