title: Cranberry juice consumption lowers markers of cardiometabolic risk, including blood pressure and circulating C-reactive protein, triglyceride, and glucose concentrations in adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiometabolic risk is the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, or stroke, which are leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to determine the potential of low-calorie cranberry juice (LCCJ) to lower cardiometabolic risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  A double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm study was conducted with controlled diets. Thirty women and 26 men (mean baseline characteristics: 50 y; weight, 79 kg; body mass index, 28 kg/m(2)) completed an 8-wk intervention with LCCJ or a flavor/color/energy-matched placebo beverage. Twice daily volunteers consumed 240 mL of LCCJ or the placebo beverage, containing 173 or 62 mg of phenolic compounds and 6.5 or 7.5 g of total sugar per 240-mL serving, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fasting serum triglycerides (TGs) were lower after consuming LCCJ and demonstrated a treatment × baseline interaction such that the participants with higher baseline TG concentrations were more likely to experience a larger treatment effect (1.15 ± 0.04 mmol/L vs. 1.25 ± 0.04 mmol/L, respectively; P = 0.027). Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) was lower for individuals consuming LCCJ than for individuals consuming the placebo beverage [ln transformed values of 0.522 ± 0.115 ln(mg/L) vs. 0.997 ± 0.120 ln(mg/L), P = 0.0054, respectively, and equivalent to 1.69 mg/L vs. 2.71 mg/L back-transformed]. LCCJ lowered diastolic blood pressure (BP) compared with the placebo beverage (69.2 ± 0.8 mm Hg for LCCJ vs. 71.6 ± 0.8 mm Hg for placebo; P = 0.048). Fasting plasma glucose was lower (P = 0.03) in the LCCJ group (5.32 ± 0.03 mmol/L) than in the placebo group (5.42 ± 0.03 mmol/L), and LCCJ had a beneficial effect on homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance for participants with high baseline values (P = 0.035).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LCCJ can improve several risk factors of CVD in adults, including circulating TGs, CRP, and glucose, insulin resistance, and diastolic BP. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01295684.
authors.affiliation: Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD; and Janet.Novotny@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Janet A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Novotny
authors.affiliation: Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD; and.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Baer
authors.affiliation: Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc., Lakeville-Middleborough, MA.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Khoo
authors.affiliation: Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD; and.
authors.forename: Sarah K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gebauer
authors.affiliation: Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD; and.
authors.forename: Craig S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Charron
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001628:Beverages; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D029799:Vaccinium macrocarpon / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: blood lipids; cardiovascular disease; diabetes; flavonoid; inflammation; polyphenol