title: Invariant domain watermarking using heaviside function of order alpha and fractional Gaussian field.
abstract: Digital image watermarking is an important technique for the authentication of multimedia content and copyright protection. Conventional digital image watermarking techniques are often vulnerable to geometric distortions such as Rotation, Scaling, and Translation (RST). These distortions desynchronize the watermark information embedded in an image and thus disable watermark detection. To solve this problem, we propose an RST invariant domain watermarking technique based on fractional calculus. We have constructed a domain using Heaviside function of order alpha (HFOA). The HFOA models the signal as a polynomial for watermark embedding. The watermark is embedded in all the coefficients of the image. We have also constructed a fractional variance formula using fractional Gaussian field. A cross correlation method based on the fractional Gaussian field is used for watermark detection. Furthermore the proposed method enables blind watermark detection where the original image is not required during the watermark detection thereby making it more practical than non-blind watermarking techniques. Experimental results confirmed that the proposed technique has a high level of robustness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Almas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abbasi
authors.affiliation: Department of Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Chaw Seng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Mathematical Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Rabha Waell
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics, Abdul Wali Khan University, Shankar, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Islam
mesh_terms: D016494:Computer Security; D003309:Copyright; D044962:Data Compression; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D019212:Multimedia; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D011356:Product Labeling / Q000379:methods*