title: Extracranial Internal Carotid Artery Dissection Treated with Self-expandable Stents: A Single-Centre Experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Treatment of choice for the internal carotid artery dissection (ICAD) is anticoagulation for three to 6 months. Endovascular procedures may be a promising alternative for patients (pts) with haemodynamic impairment, recurrent ischaemic symptoms or symptomatic pseudoaneurysms. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of carotid artery stenting in treatment of selected pts with extracranial ICAD.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study involved 18 symptomatic pts with the mean age of 44.6 ± 10.4 years with ICAD treated with the use of self-expandable stents. Six months after primary procedures, pts were readmitted to hospital and physical examination followed by cerebral angiography was performed. In the late follow-up period, clinical evaluations completed by duplex Doppler ultrasonography were carried out every 6 months and at the end of the follow-up period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nobody died and no life-threatening adverse events were observed during either the in-hospital stay or post-discharge follow-up period (median 21 months). Stent deployment immediately restored flow in the true lumen of ICA in all cases. However, residual blood flow through the false lumen was observed in one pt. Complete resolution of clinical symptoms was observed in 14 pts (78%), partial improvement in 2 (11%) and persistence of neurological deficit in 2 (11%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implantation of self-expandable stents in treatment of selected extracranial ICAD cases is safe. This method may enable us to restore immediately and usually permanently proper arterial blood flow in the ICA and in consequence lead to significant clinical improvement in the late follow-up period.
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Interventional Radiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 1/2 Długa St., 61-848, Poznan, Poland. robertju@wp.pl.|Department of Neurosurgery, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego St., 60-355, Poznan, Poland. robertju@wp.pl.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Juszkat
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego St., 60-355, Poznan, Poland. liebert@poczta.onet.pl.
authors.forename: Włodzimierz
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liebert
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Interventional Radiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 1/2 Długa St., 61-848, Poznan, Poland. kasia.stanislawska@onet.eu.|Department of Neurosurgery, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego St., 60-355, Poznan, Poland. kasia.stanislawska@onet.eu.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stanisławska
authors.affiliation: Stroke Intensive Care Unit, 7/19 Juraszów St., 60-479, Poznan, Poland. ttomczyk@poczta.onet.pl.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomczyk
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, HCP Medical Centre, 194 28 Czerwca 1956 r. St., 61-485, Poznan, Poland. jarekmen@icpnet.pl.
authors.forename: Jarosław
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wronka
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Interventional Radiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 1/2 Długa St., 61-848, Poznan, Poland. norbertwasik@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wąsik
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 1/2 Długa St., 61-848, Poznan, Poland. bperek@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Bartłomiej
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Perek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D020215:Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D057510:Endovascular Procedures; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex
keywords: Dissection; Endovascular treatment; Internal carotid artery; Outcome; Pseudoaneurysm