title: Simultaneous quantification and antiatherosclerosis effect of the traditional Korean medicine, Hwangryunhaedok-tang.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hwangryunhaedok-tang (HHT) is a traditional herbal medicine that is used for the treatment of fever, inflammation, gastritis, and hypertension. In this study, we performed simultaneous determination of the five components, geniposide (1), baicalin (2), coptisine (3), palmatine (4), and berberine (5) in HHT by using a high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array (HPLC-PDA) analysis. We also evaluated the antioxidative activity of HHT and compounds 1-5 by measuring their effects on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and antiproliferative abilities in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Five compounds were separated within 40 min by using a Gemini C18 column (temp. 35°C; two-component gradient elution; flow rate 1.0 mL/min; detector 240 and 277 nm). The activities of HHT and compounds 1-5 were tested with the radical scavengers 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, in thiobarbituric acid reactive substance assays, and in relative electrophoretic mobility assays using CuSO4-induced LDL oxidation systems. The antiproliferative effects of samples on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced VSMC proliferation were studied by using a cell proliferation assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regression analysis of the five major compounds showed good linearity (r (2) ≥ 0.9997) in different concentration ranges. The recoveries of the five compounds were in the range 86.31-110.78%, with relative standard deviations below 2.1%; those of intra- and interday precision were 0.04-3.78% and 0.04-1.69%, respectively. HHT reduced the oxidation properties of LDL induced by CuSO4 and inhibited cell proliferation in PDGF-treated VSMCs. Among the five components, compound 2 could effectively suppress LDL oxidation and PDGF-induced VSMC proliferation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The established HPLC-PDA method will help to improve quality control of HHT. The results demonstrate that HHT has antiatherosclerotic activity and that it functions by modulating LDL oxidation and VSMC proliferation. The effects of HHT may be attributed, at least I part, to compound 2.
authors.affiliation: Herbal Medicine Formulation Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-811, South Korea. csseo0914@kiom.re.kr.
authors.forename: Chang-Seob
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Herbal Medicine Formulation Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-811, South Korea. kos1120@kiom.re.kr.
authors.forename: Ohn Soon
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Herbal Medicine Formulation Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-811, South Korea. kmsct@kiom.re.kr.|Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, 626-870, Republic of Korea. kmsct@kiom.re.kr.
authors.forename: Jung-Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Herbal Medicine Formulation Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-811, South Korea. hkshin@kiom.re.kr.
authors.forename: Hyeun-Kyoo
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D001599:Berberine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D001600:Berberine Alkaloids / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D039323:Coptis / Q000737:chemistry; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D032062:Gardenia / Q000737:chemistry; D039823:Iridoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism*; D055670:Medicine, Korean Traditional; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D032102:Phellodendron / Q000737:chemistry; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010851:Picrates / Q000378:metabolism; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D012044:Regression Analysis; D031363:Scutellaria / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001600:Berberine Alkaloids; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D005419:Flavonoids; D039823:Iridoids; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D010851:Picrates; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; C034384:coptisine; D001599:Berberine; C007835:geniposide; C038044:baicalin; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; C005413:palmatine