title: Vortex-assisted surfactant-enhanced emulsification liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of carbamates in juices by micellar electrokinetic chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: A new method based on vortex-assisted surfactant-enhanced-emulsification liquid-liquid microextraction has been developed for the extraction of carbamate pesticides in juice samples prior to their determination by micellar electrokinetic chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. This sample treatment allowed the satisfactory extraction and the extract clean-up of 25 carbamates from different fruit and vegetal juices (banana, tomato, and peach). In this study, the addition of ammonium perfluorooctanoate in the aqueous sample in combination with vortex agitation, provided very clean extracts with short extraction times. Under optimized conditions, recoveries of the proposed method for these pesticides from fortified juice samples ranged from 81% to 104%, with relative standard deviations lower than 15%. Limits of quantification were between 2.3µgkg(-)(1) and 4.7µgkg(-)(1), showing the high sensitivity of this fast and simple method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moreno-González
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: José F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Huertas-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: García-Campaña
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain. Electronic address: lgamiz@ugr.es.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gámiz-Gracia
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D002219:Carbamates / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D020374:Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D008823:Micelles; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002219:Carbamates; D008823:Micelles; D010575:Pesticides; D013501:Surface-Active Agents
keywords: Carbamates; Juice; Micellar electrokinetic chromatography; Tandem mass spectrometry; Vortex-assisted surfactant-enhanced-emulsification liquid–liquid microextraction