title: Candidate gene association mapping for winter survival and spring regrowth in perennial ryegrass.
abstract: Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is a widely cultivated cool-season grass species because of its high quality for forage and turf. Susceptibility to freezing damage limits its further use in temperate zones. The objective of this study was to identify candidate genes significantly associated with winter survival and spring regrowth in a global collection of 192 perennial ryegrass accessions. Significant differences in winter survival (WS), percentage of canopy green cover (CGC), chlorophyll index (Chl), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were found among accessions. After controlling population structure, LpLEA3 encoding a late embryogenesis abundant group 3 protein and LpCAT encoding a catalase were associated with CGC and Chl, while LpMnSOD encoding a magnesium superoxide dismutase and LpChl Cu-ZnSOD encoding a chlorophyll copper-zinc superoxide dismutase were associated with NDVI or Chl. Significant association was also discovered between C-repeat binding factor LpCBF1b and WS. Three sequence variations identified in LpCAT, LpMnSOD, and LpChl Cu-ZnSOD were synonymous substitutions, whereas one pair of adjacent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in LpLEA3 and one SNP in LpCBF1b resulted in amino acid change. The results demonstrated that allelic variation in LpLEA3 and LpCBF1b was closely related to winter survival and spring regrowth in perennial ryegrass.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaoqing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: USDA-Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors.forename: Paula M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Pijut
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Research Centre Flakkebjerg, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, Slagelse 4200, Denmark.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Research Centre Flakkebjerg, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, Slagelse 4200, Denmark.
authors.forename: Torben
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asp
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
authors.forename: Guihua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA. Electronic address: yjiang@purdue.edu.
authors.forename: Yiwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000235:genetics*; D000483:Alleles; D002374:Catalase / Q000235:genetics; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D002874:Chromosome Mapping / Q000379:methods; D005615:Freezing; D017343:Genes, Plant; D056726:Genetic Association Studies / Q000379:methods; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D008129:Lolium / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012621:Seasons; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000235:genetics; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C066246:late embryogenesis abundant protein, plant; D002734:Chlorophyll; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Association mapping; Candidate gene; Lolium perenne; Regrowth; Winter survival