title: The first case of levetiracetam-induced and tolvaptan-resistant hyponatremia.
abstract: Hyponatremia is frequently seen in heart failure patients and has a high mortality rate. If not treated adequately, acute and chronic hyponatremia may worsen the prognosis of heart failure. Despite its high incidence in heart failure patients, other underlying conditions that possibly lead to the incidence of hyponatremia may be underestimated, thus making its treatment more difficult. In this case study, we describe a rare case of levetiracem-induced and tolvaptan-resistant hyponatremia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey. hatem_ari@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Hatem
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arı
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kahraman
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat Baver
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Acaban
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D065092:Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy; D006333:Heart Failure; D006801:Humans; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007177:Inappropriate ADH Syndrome; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D008297:Male; D010889:Piracetam / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077602:Tolvaptan
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D065092:Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists; D001552:Benzazepines; D000077602:Tolvaptan; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D010889:Piracetam