title: The effects of amlodipine and platelet rich plasma on bone healing in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of calcium channel blocker (CCB) amlodipine (AML), platelet rich plasma (PRP), and a mixture of both materials on bone healing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: group A, tibia defect model with no treatment; group B, tibia defect model treated with AML, 0.04 mg daily by oral gavage; group C, tibia defect model treated with local PRP; group D, tibia defect model treated with local PRP and AML, 0.04 mg daily by oral gavage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At day 21, bone healing was significantly better in groups C and D compared to group A (P<0.05), but comparisons showed no statistically significant difference in group B (P>0.05). At day 30, groups B and C showed no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) compared to group A, but bone healing in group D was significantly better than in group A (P<0.05). Statistically, AML did not affect alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity at 21 and 30 days (P>0.05), but PRP and AML + PRP increased ALP activity statistically (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It can be concluded that AML had neither a positive nor a negative effect on bone healing, but when used in combination with PRP, it may be beneficial.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Atalay
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Fatih
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Bozkurt
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yucel
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gonul
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cakmak
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kamil Serkan
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Agacayak
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Köse
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hazman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hikmet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Keles
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Turamanlar
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eroglu
mesh_terms: D017311:Amlodipine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D008297:Male; D053657:Platelet-Rich Plasma; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D017311:Amlodipine
keywords: amlodipine; bone mineral metabolism; calcium channel blockers; hypertension; platelet-rich plasma