title: Mature oligodendrocytes actively increase in vivo cytoskeletal plasticity following CNS damage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oligodendrocytes are myelinating cells of the central nervous system which support functionally, structurally, and metabolically neurons. Mature oligodendrocytes are generally believed to be mere targets of destruction in the context of neuroinflammation and tissue damage, but their real degree of in vivo plasticity has become a matter of debate. We thus investigated the in vivo dynamic, actin-related response of these cells under different kinds of demyelinating stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a novel mouse model (oLucR) expressing luciferase in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-positive oligodendrocytes under the control of a β-actin promoter. Activity of this promoter served as surrogate for dynamics of the cytoskeleton gene transcription through recording of in vivo bioluminescence following diphtheria toxin-induced oligodendrocyte death and autoimmune demyelination. Cytoskeletal gene expression was quantified from mature oligodendrocytes directly isolated from transgenic animals through cell sorting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Experimental demyelinating setups augmented oligodendrocyte-specific in vivo bioluminescence. These changes in luciferase signal were confirmed by further ex vivo analysis of the central nervous system tissue from oLucR mice. Increase in bioluminescence upon autoimmune inflammation was parallel to an oligodendrocyte-specific increased transcription of β-tubulin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mature oligodendrocytes acutely increase their cytoskeletal plasticity in vivo during demyelination. They are therefore not passive players under demyelinating conditions but can rather react dynamically to external insults.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich, 8057, Switzerland. Giuseppe.Locatelli@med.uni-muenchen.de.|Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, LMU Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 17, Munich, 81377, Germany. Giuseppe.Locatelli@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Locatelli
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich, 8057, Switzerland. arianna.baggiolini@uzh.ch.
authors.forename: Arianna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baggiolini
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich, 8057, Switzerland. bettina.schreiner@neuroimm.uzh.ch.
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schreiner
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Trogerstrasse 30, 80675, Munich, Germany. pushpalatha.palle@tum.de.|Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, VetSuisse, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland. pushpalatha.palle@tum.de.
authors.forename: Pushpalatha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Palle
authors.affiliation: Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University of Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, Mainz, 55131, Germany. waisman@uni-mainz.de.
authors.forename: Ari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Waisman
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich, 8057, Switzerland. becher@immunology.uzh.ch.
authors.forename: Burkhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Becher
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich, 8057, Switzerland. thorsten.buch@uzh.ch.|Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Trogerstrasse 30, 80675, Munich, Germany. thorsten.buch@uzh.ch.|Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, VetSuisse, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland. thorsten.buch@uzh.ch.
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Buch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism*; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism*; D004167:Diphtheria Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D063308:Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C491049:Aif1 protein, mouse; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D004167:Diphtheria Toxin; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D063308:Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein; C485184:enhanced green fluorescent protein; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins