title: Signalment, clinical presentation, concurrent diseases, and diagnostic findings in 28 dogs with dynamic pharyngeal collapse (2008-2013).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most information about pharyngeal collapse in dogs is anecdotal and extrapolated from human medicine. A single case report describing dynamic pharyngeal collapse in a cat has been published, but there is no literature describing this disease process in dogs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the signalment, clinical presentation, concurrent disease processes, and imaging findings of a population of client-owned dogs with pharyngeal collapse.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight client-owned dogs with pharyngeal collapse.
  
  
  METHODS
  Radiology reports of dogs for which fluoroscopy of the respiratory system was performed were reviewed retrospectively. Patients with a fluoroscopic diagnosis of pharyngeal collapse were included in the study population. Data regarding clinical signs, diagnostic, and pathologic findings were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-eight dogs met the inclusion criteria. The median age of affected patients was 6.6 years, whereas median body condition score was 7/9. The most common clinical signs were coughing (n = 20) and stertor (n = 5). In 27 of 28 cases, a concurrent or previously diagnosed cardiopulmonary disorder was detected. The most common concurrent disease processes were mainstem bronchi collapse (n = 18), tracheal collapse (n = 17), and brachycephalic airway syndrome (n = 8). Fluoroscopy identified complete pharyngeal collapse in 20 of 28 dogs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pharyngeal collapse is a complex disease process that likely is secondary to long-term negative pressure gradients and anatomic and functional abnormalities. Based on the findings of this study, pharyngeal fluoroscopy may be useful diagnostic test in patients with suspected tracheal and mainstem bronchial collapse to identify concurrent pharyngeal collapse.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies-Philadelphia, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies-Philadelphia, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Holt
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies-Philadelphia, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Reetz
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies-Philadelphia, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Clarke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003371:Cough / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D010608:Pharyngeal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D010614:Pharynx / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014132:Trachea / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Anatomy and pathology; Larynx; Pharynx; Physiology; Pulmonary; Respiratory tract; Trachea; Tracheal collapse