title: Development of new tissue conditioner using acetyl tributyl citrate and novel hyperbranched polyester to improve viscoelastic stability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to develop a new tissue conditioner using acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC), tributyl citrate (TBC), and a novel hyperbranched polyester (TAH) with long-term stable viscoelasticity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasticizers, i.e., ATBC, TBC, TAH (number-average molecular weight, 1306 g/mol; weight-average molecular weight, 4245 g/mol), butyl phthalyl butyl glycolate (BPBG), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), benzyl benzoate (BB), Shofu Tissue Conditioner II (Shofu), and GC Soft-Liner (GC), in nine combinations (ATBC+TAH, TBC+TAH, ATBC, TBC, BPBG, DBP, BB, Shofu, and GC), with gelation times between 120 and 180 s were used; Shofu and GC were used for comparison. The dynamic viscoelasticity properties, i.e., shear storage modulus (G'), shear loss modulus (G"), loss tangent (tanδ), and complex dynamic shear modulus (G*) were determined at 37°C, using a rheometer, after immersion in water for 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 d. The surface hydrophobicity was examined using a static contact angle analyzer, and the biocompatibility was evaluated using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. Weight changes, solubility, and water absorption were measured using an analytical balance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TAH addition increased the viscoelastic stability; ATBC+TAH was the most stable among the tested groups. TAH decreased the contact angle and increased the water absorption, but decreased the ATBC solubility. The ATBC+TAH group biocompatibility was similar to those of the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The developed ATBC+TAH plasticizer has potential applications as a new tissue conditioner. Its clinical efficacy needs to be evaluated in clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tsung-Chieh
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuo-Chung
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Chi
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: leebs@ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Bor-Shiunn
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D001565:Benzoates / Q000737:chemistry; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D002951:Citrates / Q000737:chemistry*; D003993:Dibutyl Phthalate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D004548:Elasticity; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D010968:Plasticizers / Q000737:chemistry*; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D013499:Surface Properties; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D001565:Benzoates; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002951:Citrates; D008689:Methacrylates; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; D010795:Phthalic Acids; D010968:Plasticizers; D011091:Polyesters; C014953:2-acetyltributylcitrate; C073909:GC Soft-Liner; D003993:Dibutyl Phthalate; C039783:tributyl citrate; C048569:butyl phthalyl butyl glycolate; C009931:poly(ethylmethacrylate); C006723:benzyl benzoate
keywords: Acetyl tributyl citrate; Hyperbranched polyester; Tissue conditioner; Viscoelasticity