title: Determinants of tobacco smoking among rural-to-urban migrant workers: a cross-sectional survey in Shanghai.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although there are several studies to investigate the smoking behaviors among rural-to-urban Chinese migrants, no study has focused individually on this population in Shanghai. This study was performed to estimate the prevalence and identify the determinants of tobacco smoking among rural-to-urban migrants in Shanghai.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, multi-stage quota sampling was used to select 5,856 rural-to-urban migrants aged 18 years or older from seven districts in Shanghai between July and October 2012. A structured questionnaire was administered to assess smoking knowledge, attitude, behavior and demographic characteristics. Mental health was assessed by the self-reported SCL-90. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors of smoking behavior.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 5,380 of the 5,856 migrants enrolled completed the questionnaire, among whom 45.0% of male and 2.0% of female participants reported current smoking. Multivariate analysis revealed current smoking in female migrants to be significantly associated with working at construction (OR, 8.08; 95% CI, 1.80-36.28), hotels/restaurants (OR, 5.06; 95% CI, 1.68-15.27), entertainment sector (OR, 6.79; 95% CI, 2.51-18.42), with monthly income > 3500 yuan (OR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.21-5.98), number of migratory cities of 2 (OR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.23-4.65), and SCL-90 total score > 160 (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.03-3.98), while the male migrants working at construction (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.04-1.62), entertainment sector (OR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.36-2.56), being divorced/widowed (OR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.02-4.74), with duration of migration of 4 or more than 4 years (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.06-1.91), number of migratory cities of 3 or more than 3 (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.13-1.80), and SCL-90 total score > 160 (OR,1.39; 95% CI, 1.07-1.79) showed an excess smoking prevalence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Migration lifestyle and mental status were associated with current smoking behaviors. The identifications of risk factors for current smoking may help to target health promotion interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 20032, China. yao_liuliu@163.com.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, Sanlin Community Health Service Center, 375 Sanlin Road, Shanghai, 200124, China. songhj008@126.com.
authors.forename: Huijiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, Sanlin Community Health Service Center, 375 Sanlin Road, Shanghai, 200124, China. yktjw2008@163.com.
authors.forename: Tianying
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 20032, China. tianhao74@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Tianhao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 20032, China. yokieyoung@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 20032, China. gongjian0518@126.com.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 20032, China. 13611692261@163.com.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 20032, China. Vavien77@sina.com.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 20032, China. dreamingkoala@126.com.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 20032, China. zhu_shanzhu@126.com.
authors.forename: Shanzhu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 20032, China. zhigang_pan@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhigang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009790:Occupations; D015995:Prevalence; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014171:Transients and Migrants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*