title: Bond strength of a sealant to enamel after a cariogenic challenge using three bonding protocols: an in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro the tensile bond strength of a resin-based pit and fissure sealant to enamel after a cariogenic challenge using three bonding protocols.
  
  
  METHODS
  The demineralized tooth specimens were assigned to three groups of equal size: Group 1 (37 percent phosphoric acid gel), Group 2 (total-etch adhesive system), and Group 3 (one-step self-etch adhesive system). After the surface treatment, a resin-based sealant was applied and cured. The specimens were thermocycled and tensile bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine by an investigator who was blinded to the group distribution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean tensile bond strength was highest with the total-etch adhesive system, which was statistically significant (P<.001). A post hoc test revealed a significant difference between Groups 1 and 2 (P<.001) and Groups 2 and 3 (P<.001), but none between Groups 1 and 3 (P=.44).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The total-etch bonding system resulted in significantly higher tensile bond strength with incipient enamel caries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Pinky
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kalra
authors.affiliation: Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India. suprabha.bhat@manipal.edu.
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Suprabha
authors.affiliation: Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Arathi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Dentistry, in the Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Ramya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shenoy
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, in the Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Amitha Juanita
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lewis
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008422:Materials Testing; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants; C030242:phosphoric acid