title: Coverage of skin cancer and recreational tanning in North American magazines before and after the landmark 2006 International Agency for Research on Cancer report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Skin cancer is an increasingly important global public health problem. Mass media is a key source of skin cancer information. We examined how media coverage of skin cancer has changed over time as a consequence of the release of a key public health report from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 2006, which linked ultraviolet (UV) radiation from indoor tanning and skin cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A directed content analysis of skin cancer and tanning coverage in 29 popular North American magazines (2001-2012) examined reporting of skin cancer risk factors, UV behaviors, and early detection in article text (n = 761) and images (n = 1267). Chi-square and correlational analyses were used determine whether coverage changed in relation to the 2006 IARC report.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total volume of articles about skin cancer and tanning increased modestly after the IARC report (χ (2) = 4.57, df = 1, p < .05); however, key IARC report messages (e.g., avoid indoor tanning, UV as a risk factor) were no more likely to be reported after compared to before the report. There were virtually no changes in the percentage of coverage for both risk factors and early detection information over time. There were some changes in the percentage of coverage about UV behaviors after the IARC report, but these variables were not directly related to the report. Magazines were more likely to encourage sunscreen use (χ (2) = 11.55, df = 1, p < .01) and less likely to promote the tanned look as attractive (χ (2) = 9.72, df = 1, p < .01) after the IARC report. It also became less common for magazines to promote sun avoidance (χ (2) = 6.82, df = 1, p < .01) and use of sunless tanners (χ (2) = 7.46, df = 1, p < .01) after the report.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite a modest increase in volume of coverage post-IARC report, key messages from the report were not taken up by the media. While there have been some improvements in magazine reporting, there is a need for more effective dissemination of public health messages about skin cancer and tanning.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1. jemcwhirter@uwaterloo.ca.
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: McWhirter
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1. lhgoetz@uwaterloo.ca.
authors.forename: Laurie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hoffman-Goetz
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007390:International Agencies; D008402:Mass Media / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009656:North America; D010506:Periodicals as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D055108:Sunbathing; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D013473:Sunscreening Agents