title: Protective immunity against Schistosoma japonicum infection can be provided by IgG antibodies towards periodate-sensitive or periodate-resistant glycans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been well accepted that glycans present in schistosomes are highly antigenic. However, it is not clear what kind of worm glycans can affect the infected host to mount IgG responses and whether mounted anti-glycan IgG responses are protective.
  
  
  METHODS
  The contribution of antigenicity by glycans was measured by using competitive ELISA assay in sera from infected mice and humans. Monoclonal antibodies towards soluble Schistosoma japonicum egg antigens (SjEA) were generated from SjEA immunizated mice. The expression of glycans on surfaces of cercaria or young worm and their distributions were examined by immunofluorescence assay. The protective roles of glycans-specific mAbs were assayed by determination of the worm and egg burden in infected mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both periodate-resistant glycans and periodate-sensitive glycans are antigenic in schistosome infections. When monoclonal antibodies against either periodate-sensitive or periodate-resistant glycans were administered prior to schistosome infections in mice, both kinds of anti-glycan antibodies were found to successfully provide protective immunity to infected mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both periodate-resistant and periodate-sensitive glycans are antigenic, and dominant anti-glycan IgG responses can play important roles in protective immunity in schistosome infected hosts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. gwenci@sina.com.
authors.forename: Wenci
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. hfj_1130@163.com.
authors.forename: Fengjuan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. yilei1986@163.com.
authors.forename: Yilei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. bhmei@foxmail.com.
authors.forename: Hongmei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. yingmsn@163.com.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. junlitongji@126.com.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. chen.chunxia@163.com.
authors.forename: Chunxia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. xuxd1981@139.com.
authors.forename: Xindong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. xc9718@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000947:Antigens, Helminth / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010063:Ovum / Q000378:metabolism; D010504:Periodic Acid; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism*; D012549:Schistosoma japonicum; D012554:Schistosomiasis japonica / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000947:Antigens, Helminth; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D011134:Polysaccharides; D014612:Vaccines; D010504:Periodic Acid; C009288:metaperiodate