title: Protective effect of eupatilin against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Eupatilin, a pharmacologically active flavone derived from Artemisia species, is known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major complication after renal transplantation, with inflammatory responses to IRI exacerbating the resultant renal injury. In the present study, we investigated whether eupatilin exhibits renoprotective activities against ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Renal IRI was induced in male C57BL/6 mice by bilateral renal pedicle occlusion for 30 minutes followed by reperfusion for 48 hours. Eupatilin (10 mg/kg body weight p.o.) was administered 4 days before IRI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with eupatilin significantly decreased neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and kidney injury molecule-1 levels in urine, blood urea nitrogen level, and serum creatinine levels, as well as kidney tubular injury. Western blotting indicated that eupatilin significantly increased the levels of heat shock protein 70 and B-cell lymphoma protein, and it attenuated inducible nitric oxide synthase, Bcl-2-associated X protein, and caspase-3 levels 48 hours after IRI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that eupatilin is a promising therapeutic agent against acute ischemia-induced renal damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: jhj@gnah.co.kr.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Eom
authors.affiliation: College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Natural Medicine Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, South Korea.
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kwan
authors.affiliation: Natural Medicine Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, South Korea.
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Ham
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011897:Random Allocation; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; C045325:eupatilin