title: Geographical genetic structure of Schistosoma japonicum revealed by analysis of mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite markers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Schistosoma japonicum is a significant public health risk in parts of China and elsewhere in Southeast Asia. To gain an insight into the epidemiology of schistosomiasis japonica, a detailed investigation of S. japonicum genetic population structure is needed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using three mitochondrial DNA fragments and ten microsatellite loci, we investigated the genetic diversity within and structure among twelve populations of S. japonicum sampled on a geographical scale covering most major endemic areas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Schistosoma japonicum lineages from Indonesia, the Philippines and Chinese Taiwan were clearly distinct from each other and from those in mainland China. Within mainland China, there was some evidence for genetic divergence between populations from the mountain and lake regions. However, the analysis inferred no clear sub-population structure in the lake region of mainland China. High genetic diversity was found among S. japonicum populations of mainland China and this was significantly higher than those from island regions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High genetic diversity within and substantial differentiation among populations were demonstrated in S. japonicum.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Fudan University, Handan Road 220, Shanghai, 200433, China. yinm@fudan.edu.cn.|National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China. yinm@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Mingbo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Fudan University, Handan Road 220, Shanghai, 200433, China. wuyan2341199@163.com.
authors.forename: Hongyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, Qld 4029, Australia. Don.McManus@qimrberghofer.edu.au.
authors.forename: Donald P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: McManus
authors.affiliation: School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. david.blair@jcu.edu.au.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Blair
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Fudan University, Handan Road 220, Shanghai, 200433, China. Su_jing2007@126.com.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Fudan University, Handan Road 220, Shanghai, 200433, China. Zhongyang@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China. xubin677@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China. zfeng0909@163.com.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Fudan University, Handan Road 220, Shanghai, 200433, China. huw@fudan.edu.cn.|National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China. huw@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001210:Asia, Southeastern; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D010802:Phylogeny; D018510:RNA, Helminth / Q000235:genetics; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012549:Schistosoma japonicum / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D018510:RNA, Helminth; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; C075526:RNA, ribosomal, 12S