title: The impact PICU nursing expertise has on a child's unplanned extubation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Unplanned extubations in PICU are used as a measure of quality in clinical governance strategies. While many factors, such as sedation or unit activity, impact negatively on unplanned extubations, high nurse-patient ratios reduce adverse patient events and improve patient safety. However, optimal nurse-patient ratios and the impact of the level of nursing expertise on the quality of care are unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study aimed to examine the impact of PICU nursing expertise on the unplanned extubations of children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Audit and analysis of existing adverse event patient and nurse workforce data.
  
  
  METHODS
  This single-centre study examined unplanned extubations at a mixed general and cardiac tertiary PICU in the UK. Routinely collected data from nursing and adverse incident databases were examined. The dataset included over 74,477 nurse allocations between August 2006 and April 2011. Unplanned extubations were the adverse event of interest.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 78 unplanned extubations occurred between April 2006 and April 2011. The majority of unplanned extubations occurred when patients were looked after by junior nurses. The seniority of the nurse in-charge and the qualifications of the patient's nurse were not related to unplanned extubations. However, more unplanned extubations occurred at times of higher patient occupancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nursing expertise and nurse-patient ratios were not related to unplanned extubations in this study. Further research is needed to explore the non-workforce factors such as the securing of endotracheal tubes, sedation levels and unit activity and their relationship with adverse events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In paediatric intensive care units where nurse-patient ratios are high, further investigation is needed to establish what impact non-workforce factors have on unplanned extubations.
authors.affiliation: King's College London, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, London, UK and Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's & Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.|King's College London, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, London, UK.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Norridge
authors.affiliation: King's College London, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, London, UK and Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's & Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Alison E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: While
mesh_terms: D060666:Airway Extubation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002983:Clinical Competence; D006801:Humans; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000379:methods / Q000451:nursing; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000600:supply & distribution; D006113:United Kingdom
keywords: Adverse events; Nursing workforce; PICU; Unplanned extubation