title: Bio-functionalized MWCNT/hyperbranched polyurethane bionanocomposite for bone regeneration.
abstract: The proper fabrication of biomaterials, particularly for purposes like bone regeneration, is of the utmost importance for the clinical success of materials that fulfill the design criteria at bio-interfacial milieu. Building on this aspect, a polyurethane nanocomposite (PNC) was fabricated by the combination of rapeseed protein functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and vegetable-oil-based hyperbranched polyurethane. Biofunctionalized MWCNTs showed incredible biocompatibility compared to pristine MWCNTs as ascertained via in vitro and in vivo studies. PNC showed enhanced MG63 cell differentiation ability compared to the control and carboxyl functionalized MWCNT-based nanocomposite, as postulated by alkaline phosphatase activity together with better cellular adhesion, spreading and proliferation. Consequently, a critical-sized fracture gap (6 mm) bridged by the sticky PNC scaffold illustrated rapid bone neoformation within 30-45 d, with 90-93% of the defect area filling up. Histopathological studies demonstrated the reorganization of the normal tibial architecture and biodegradation of the implant. The subsequent toxicological study through cytokine expression, biochemical analysis and hematological studies suggested non-immunogenic and non-toxic effects of PNCs and their degraded/leached products. Their excellent bio-physiological features with high load-bearing ability (49-55.5 Mpa), ductility (675-790%) and biodegradability promote them as the best alternative biomaterials for bone regeneration in a comprehensive manner.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Polymer and Nanomaterial Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur-784028, India.
authors.forename: Beauty
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Pronobesh
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chattopadhyay
authors.forename: Somnath
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maji
authors.forename: Aadesh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Upadhyay
authors.forename: Manashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Das Purkayastha
authors.forename: Charu Lata
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Mohanta
authors.forename: Tapas Kumar
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Maity
authors.forename: Niranjan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Karak
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D017102:Fracture Healing; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D011859:Radiography; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D011140:Polyurethanes