title: Antagonizing Effects of Aspartic Acid against Ultraviolet A-Induced Downregulation of the Stemness of Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells.
abstract: Ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation is responsible for a variety of changes in cell biology. The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of aspartic acid on UVA irradiation-induced damages in the stemness properties of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs). Furthermore, we elucidated the UVA-antagonizing mechanisms of aspartic acid. The results of this study showed that aspartic acid attenuated the UVA-induced reduction of the proliferative potential and stemness of hAMSCs, as evidenced by increased proliferative activity in the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and upregulation of stemness-related genes OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2 in response to the aspartic acid treatment. UVA-induced reduction in the mRNA level of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α was also significantly recovered by aspartic acid. In addition, the antagonizing effects of aspartic acid against the UVA effects were found to be mediated by reduced production of PGE2 through the inhibition of JNK and p42/44 MAPK. Taken together, these findings show that aspartic acid improves reduced stemness of hAMSCs induced by UVA and its effects are mediated by upregulation of HIF-1α via the inhibition of PGE2-cAMP signaling. In addition, aspartic acid may be used as an antagonizing agent to mitigate the effects of UVA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Convergence Biomedical Science & Engineering, Eulji University, Seongnam City, Gyunggi Do, Republic of Korea; Skincure Life Science Institute, Seongnam City, Gyunggi Do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kwangseon
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Youl
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatological Health Management, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam City, Gyunggi Do, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Soh
authors.affiliation: Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyang-Ro, Manan-Gu, Anyang-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jienny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Seongnam City, Gyunggi Do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seoung Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 plus program, Graduated school, Eulji University, Seongnam City, Gyunggi Do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sunghee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Seongnam City, Gyunggi Do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eunsun
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam City, Gyunggi Do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min Hee
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Convergence Biomedical Science & Engineering, Eulji University, Seongnam City, Gyunggi Do, Republic of Korea; Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 plus program, Graduated school, Eulji University, Seongnam City, Gyunggi Do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jongsung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics; D019751:Intramolecular Transferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D019751:Intramolecular Transferases; C568454:marneral synthase, Arabidopsis; D015232:Dinoprostone