title: Risk factors of peri-implant pathology.
abstract: This study aimed to identify risk factors for the incidence of peri-implant pathology. One-thousand, two-hundred and seventy-fifty patients (255 cases and 1020 controls), rehabilitated with dental implants, were included. Peri-implant pathology was defined as the presence of peri-implant pockets ≥ 5 mm, bleeding on probing, vertical bone loss, and loss of attachment ≥ 2 mm. Cases and controls were matched for age, gender, and duration of follow-up. A logistic regression model was used, with estimation of the OR for each variable and interaction, with a level of significance of 5%. The risk factors for peri-implant pathology were: history of periodontitis (OR = 19), bacterial plaque (OR = 3.6), bleeding (OR = 2.9), bone level on the medium third of the implant (OR = 13.9), lack of prosthetic fit or non-optimal screw joint (OR = 5.9), metal-ceramic restorations (OR = 3.9), and the interaction between bacterial plaque and the proximity of other teeth or implants (PROXI) (OR = 4.3). PROXI (OR = 0.44) exerted a protective effect when independent. Based on the results, peri-implant pathology represents a group of multifactorial situations with interaction of biological and biomechanical components in its pathogenesis. It was possible to model the condition and to assess, with high precision, the risk profile of each patient.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Malo Clinic, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Araújo Nobre
authors.forename: António
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mano Azul
authors.forename: Evangelista
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maló
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000453:epidemiology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D000069343:Bone-Implant Interface / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000453:epidemiology; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000453:epidemiology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000453:epidemiology; D011174:Portugal / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys
keywords: dental implants; epidemiology; infection; oral rehabilitation; pathology