title: Roundup® exposure promotes gills and liver impairments, DNA damage and inhibition of brain cholinergic activity in the Amazon teleost fish Colossoma macropomum.
abstract: Roundup Original® (RD) is a glyphosate-based herbicide used to control weeds in agriculture. Contamination of Amazon waters has increased as a consequence of anthropogenic pressure, including the use of herbicides as RD. The central goal of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of RD on juveniles of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Our findings show that biomarkers in tambaqui are organ specific and dependent on RD concentration. Alterations in gills structural and respiratory epithelium were followed by changes in hematological parameters such as concentration of hemoglobin, particularly in fish exposed to the higher concentration tested (75% of RD LC50 96 h). In addition, both RD concentrations affected the biotransformation process in gills of tambaqui negatively. Instead, liver responses suggest that a production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurred in fish exposed to RD, particularly in the animals exposed to 75% RD, as seen by imbalances in biotransformation and antioxidant systems. The increased DNA damage observed in red blood cells of tambaqui exposed to RD is in agreement with this hypothesis. Finally, both tested sub-lethal concentrations of RD markedly inhibited the cholinesterase activity in fish brain. Thus, we can suggest that RD is potentially toxic to tambaqui and possibly to other tropical fish species.
authors.affiliation: Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Ave André Araújo, 2936 Aleixo, 69083-000 Manaus, AM, Brazil. Electronic address: sbrazmota@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Braz-Mota
authors.affiliation: Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Ave André Araújo, 2936 Aleixo, 69083-000 Manaus, AM, Brazil.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sadauskas-Henrique
authors.affiliation: Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Ave André Araújo, 2936 Aleixo, 69083-000 Manaus, AM, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Ave André Araújo, 2936 Aleixo, 69083-000 Manaus, AM, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adalberto L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Val
authors.affiliation: Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Ave André Araújo, 2936 Aleixo, 69083-000 Manaus, AM, Brazil; Aquaculture Graduate Program, University of Nilton Lins/INPA, Av. Nilton Lins, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vera M F
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Almeida-Val
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain; D018678:Cholinergic Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D004249:DNA Damage; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D000097797:Glyphosate
chemical_list: D018678:Cholinergic Agents; D005998:Glycine; D006540:Herbicides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D000097797:Glyphosate
keywords: Aquaculture; Biomarkers; Glyphosate; Herbicide; Tambaqui