title: Palonosetron, Ondansetron, and Granisetron for antiemetic prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting - A comparative evaluation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postoperative nausea and vomiting is commonly associated with adverse consequences and hamper the postoperative recovery in spite of the availability of many antiemetic drugs and regimens for its prevention. The study was aimed to compare the prophylactic effects of intravenously administered palonosetron, ondansetron, and granisetron on prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after general anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective, double-blind study, comprised 120 adult consented patients of ASA grade I and II of either gender, was carried out after approval of Institutional Ethical Committee. Patients were randomized into three equal groups of 40 patients each in double-blind manner. Group P received inj. palonosetron (0.075 mg), group O received inj. ondansetron (4 mg), and group G received inj. granisetron (2 mg) intravenously five minutes before induction of anesthesia. The need for rescue antiemetic, episode of postoperative nausea and vomiting, and side effects were observed for 12 hours in the post-anesthesia care unit. At the end of study, results were compiled and statistical analysis was done by using ANOVA, Chi-square test, and Kruskal Wallis Test. Value of P < 0.05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of nausea and vomiting was maximal during the first four hours postoperatively. The complete control of postoperative nausea and vomiting for first 12 hours was achieved in 30% patients of ondansetron group, 55% patients of granisetron group, and 90% patients of palonosetron group. Safety profile was more with palonosetron.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Palonosetron was comparatively highly effective to prevent the PONV after anesthesia due to its prolonged duration of action than ondansetron and granisetron.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, N.S.C.B. Subharti Medical College, Swami Vivekananda Subharti University, Subhartipuram, NH-58, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Kumkum
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, N.S.C.B. Subharti Medical College, Swami Vivekananda Subharti University, Subhartipuram, NH-58, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Ivesh
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Radio-diagnosis, Imaging and Interventional Radiology, N.S.C.B. Subharti Medical College, Swami Vivekananda Subharti University, Subhartipuram, NH-58, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Prashant K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, N.S.C.B. Subharti Medical College, Swami Vivekananda Subharti University, Subhartipuram, NH-58, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Himanshu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, N.S.C.B. Subharti Medical College, Swami Vivekananda Subharti University, Subhartipuram, NH-58, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Manish
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, N.S.C.B. Subharti Medical College, Swami Vivekananda Subharti University, Subhartipuram, NH-58, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Bhawna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rastogi
keywords: Granisetron; ondansetron; palonosetron; postoperative nausea and vomiting