title: RETRACTED: Foot loading characteristics of Chinese bound feet women: a comparative analysis.
abstract: The custom of bound feet among Chinese women has existed for almost a century. This practice has influenced the daily life of Chinese women, especially during everyday locomotion. The primary aim of this study is to analyze the loading patterns of bound feet. Specifically, the plantar pressure and center of pressure were analyzed for peak pressure, contact area, force time integral, center of pressure displacement velocity and trajectory in the anterior-posterior direction via a comparison with normal feet. The key outcomes from this work were that the forefoot and rearfoot of bound feet bear the whole loading during stance phase. The center of pressure displacement velocity of bound feet was also greatly reduced with the shortening of trajectories. This suggests that the proprioceptive system adjusts motor function to adapt to new loading patterns while maintaining locomotive stability. A biomechanical understanding of bound feet may assist with prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of bound feet disorders.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
authors.forename: Yaodong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
authors.forename: Qichang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Mei
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
authors.forename: Jianshe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Xuejun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Center, Ningbo Ninth Hospital, Ningbo, China.
authors.forename: Neng
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000842:Ankle / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D011312:Pressure; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016138:Walking