title: Brain Circuit for Cognitive Control is Shared by Task and Language Switching.
abstract: Controlling multiple languages during speech production is believed to rely on functional mechanisms that are (at least partly) shared with domain-general cognitive control in early, highly proficient bilinguals. Recent neuroimaging results have indeed suggested a certain degree of neural overlap between language control and nonverbal cognitive control in bilinguals. However, this evidence is only indirect. Direct evidence for neural overlap between language control and nonverbal cognitive control can only be provided if two prerequisites are met: Language control and nonverbal cognitive control should be compared within the same participants, and the task requirements of both conditions should be closely matched. To provide such direct evidence for the first time, we used fMRI to examine the overlap in brain activation between switch-specific activity in a linguistic switching task and a closely matched nonlinguistic switching task, within participants, in early, highly proficient Spanish-Basque bilinguals. The current findings provide direct evidence that, in these bilinguals, highly similar brain circuits are involved in language control and domain-general cognitive control.
authors.affiliation: Ghent University.|Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.|Tilburg University.
authors.forename: Wouter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: De Baene
authors.affiliation: Ghent University.
authors.forename: Wouter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Duyck
authors.affiliation: Ghent University.
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brass
authors.affiliation: Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.|Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carreiras
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D019303:Multilingualism; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D055815:Young Adult