title: Hydrogen Production from Aqueous Solutions of Urea with Ruthenium-based Catalysts.
abstract: An efficient catalytic system for hydrogen production from aqueous solution of urea was developed using ruthenium-based catalysts as an alternative for existing systems based on several H2 carriers. Ru/SiO2 showed the highest H2 yield among various SiO2 -supported transition-metal catalysts. Optimization of the catalyst support revealed that Ru/Al2 O3 exhibited the best catalytic performance, with a minimum amount of CO formed as a by-product (1.8 mol %). A mechanistic study suggested that the reaction proceeds mainly via two steps: urea hydrolysis (H2 NCONH2 +H2 O→2 NH3 +CO2 ) followed by NH3 decomposition (2 NH3 →3 H2 +N2 ).
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-E1-10, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551 (Japan).
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-E1-10, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551 (Japan).
authors.forename: Ryohei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-E1-10, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551 (Japan).
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ochi
authors.affiliation: Advanced Research Institute for the Science and Humanities, Nihon University, Surugadai 1-8-14, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8251 (Japan).
authors.forename: Tatsuaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yashima
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-E1-10, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551 (Japan). komatsu.t.ad@m.titech.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Komatsu
mesh_terms: D002384:Catalysis; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000737:chemistry*; D012428:Ruthenium / Q000737:chemistry*; D012996:Solutions; D014508:Urea / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D012996:Solutions; D014867:Water; D012428:Ruthenium; D006859:Hydrogen; D014508:Urea
keywords: ammonia; heterogeneous catalysis; hydrogen; ruthenium; urea