title: A phase separation method for analyses of fluoroquinones in meats based on ultrasound-assisted salt-induced liquid-liquid microextraction and a new integrated device.
abstract: Herein, we developed a novel integrated device to perform phase separation based on ultrasound-assisted, salt-induced, liquid-liquid microextraction for determination of five fluoroquinones in meats by HPLC analysis. The novel integrated device consisted of three simple HDPE (high density polyethylene) parts that were used to separate the solvent from the aqueous solution prior to retrieving the extractant. The extraction parameters were optimized using the response surface method based on central composite design: 589μL of acetone solvent, pH2.1, 4.1min extraction time and 3.5g of Na2SO4. The limits of detection were 0.056-0.64 μgkg(-1) and recoveries were 87.2-110.6% for the five fluoroquinones in muscle tissue from fish, chicken, pork and beef. This method is easily constructed from inexpensive materials, extraction efficiency is high, and the approach is compatible with HPLC analysis. Thus, it has excellent prospects for sample pre-treatment and analysis of fluoroquinones in meat samples.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
authors.forename: Huili
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Sciences and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Sciences and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
authors.forename: Youqu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Sciences and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
authors.forename: Wenwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Sciences and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
authors.forename: Lian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Randy A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Dahlgren
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Sciences and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China. Electronic address: zjuwxd@163.com.
authors.forename: Xuedong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002417:Cattle; D002645:Chickens; D002681:China; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005399:Fishes; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D005506:Food Contamination; D005513:Food Inspection / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D007202:Indicators and Reagents / Q000737:chemistry; D057230:Limit of Detection; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000295:instrumentation; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D017747:Seafood / Q000032:analysis*; D012995:Solubility; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013447:Sulfites / Q000737:chemistry; D034421:Sus scrofa; D014465:Ultrasonics
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D012997:Solvents; D013447:Sulfites; D000096:Acetone; C025026:sodium sulfite
keywords: Antibacterial agent analysis; Fluoroquinolones; Liquid–liquid microextraction; Meat; Salt-induced; Sample extraction; Ultrasound-assisted