title: Analysis of coordination between thoracic and pelvic kinematic movements during gait in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this research, we investigated the coordination pattern and consistency of coordination between the thorax and pelvis during gait in patients with idiopathic scoliosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Across the study, 69 adolescent girls (controls: 30, patients: 39) participated. All participants were asked to walk 10 m barefoot at a self-selected speed. The walking speed, stride length, and range of motion of the pelvic and thoracic angles were collected using a three-dimensional optical motion analysis system, and the thorax-pelvis coordination was quantified using a vector coding technique. The frequency of four different patterns of coordination (in-phase, anti-phase, pelvis only, and thorax only) and the consistency of coordination including direction and magnitude during the gait cycle of the two groups were investigated. Independent-sample t tests were performed to examine differences between the two groups with regard to coordination patterns and consistency.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients with idiopathic scoliosis showed significantly higher in-phase and relatively lower anti-phase in the transverse plane compared to controls. Additionally, the pelvis only in the transverse, frontal, and sagittal planes was significantly lower in patients. The consistency of coordination in patients was significantly lower than in controls in direction and magnitude on the transverse and frontal planes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From viewpoint of the thorax-pelvis coordination, patients with IS had less gait stability in the trunk than controls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio-Mechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Natural Sciences Campus, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Joon
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio-Mechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Natural Sciences Campus, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Korea.
authors.forename: Taeyong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Scoliosis Research Institute, Korea University Medical College, Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 152-703, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Scoliosis Research Institute, Korea University Medical College, Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 152-703, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hyuk
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio-Mechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Natural Sciences Campus, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeran
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio-Mechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Natural Sciences Campus, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Korea. jmun@skku.edu.
authors.forename: Joung Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Mun
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D010388:Pelvis / Q000502:physiology*; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013909:Thorax / Q000502:physiology*; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Coordination; Gait analysis; Idiopathic scoliosis; Stability; Vector coding technique