title: Occupational factors and subsequent major depressive and generalized anxiety disorders in the prospective French national SIP study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The literature has been extensive on the associations between psychosocial work factors and mental health. Nevertheless, the studies using prospective design, various concepts and more than one measurement point in time for these factors and diagnostic interview to assess mental disorders remain seldom in the literature. This study is an attempt to fill the gap in this topic.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was based on a national representative sample of 4717 workers of the French working population (SIP survey), interviewed in 2006 and reinterviewed again in 2010 and free of mental disorders at baseline. Psychosocial work factors, measured in both 2006 and 2010, included: psychological demands, decision latitude, social support, reward, emotional demands, role conflict, ethical conflict, tensions with the public, job insecurity and work-life imbalance. Other occupational factors related to working time/hours and physical work environment were also studied. Major depressive (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorders (GAD) were measured using a standardised diagnostic interview (MINI). Covariates were age, occupation, marital status, having a child under 3 y, social support outside work and stressful life events. Multivariate analyses were performed using weighted logistic regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using models taking all occupational factors into account simultaneously, low reward and job insecurity predicted MDD. Psychological demands, low reward, emotional demands and job insecurity were predictive of GAD. The more frequent the exposure to job insecurity, the higher the risk of MDD and GAD, and the more frequent the exposure to psychological demands and low reward, the higher the risk of GAD. No effect was observed for repeated exposure to occupational factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Classical and emergent psychosocial work factors were predictive factors of depression and anxiety with dose-response associations in terms of frequency of exposure. More attention may be needed on emergent psychosocial work factors and frequent exposure to these factors.
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMRS 1136 - IPLESP, Team 7 (ERES), Faculté de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie - pôle Saint-Antoine, 27 rue de Chaligny, F-75012, Paris, France. isabelle.niedhammer@inserm.fr.|Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of social epidemiology, Paris, F-75013, France. isabelle.niedhammer@inserm.fr.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Niedhammer
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMRS 1136 - IPLESP, Team 7 (ERES), Faculté de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie - pôle Saint-Antoine, 27 rue de Chaligny, F-75012, Paris, France. lucile.malard@inserm.fr.|Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of social epidemiology, Paris, F-75013, France. lucile.malard@inserm.fr.|Université de Versailles St-Quentin, Paris, France. lucile.malard@inserm.fr.
authors.forename: Lucile
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Malard
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMRS 1136 - IPLESP, Team 7 (ERES), Faculté de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie - pôle Saint-Antoine, 27 rue de Chaligny, F-75012, Paris, France. jean-francois.chastang@inserm.fr.|Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of social epidemiology, Paris, F-75013, France. jean-francois.chastang@inserm.fr.
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Chastang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016272:Occupational Health; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017132:Workplace / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult