title: NF-κB and IRF pathways: cross-regulation on target genes promoter level.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The NF-κB and IRF transcription factor families are major players in inflammation and antiviral response and act as two major effectors of the innate immune response (IIR). The regulatory mechanisms of activation of these two pathways and their interactions during the IIR are only partially known.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our in silico findings report that there is cross-regulation between both pathways at the level of gene transcription regulation, mediated by the presence of binding sites for both factors in promoters of genes essential for these pathways. These findings agree with recent experimental data reporting crosstalk between pathways activated by RIG-I and TLR3 receptors in response to pathogens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We present an extended crosstalk diagram of the IRF - NF-κB pathways. We conclude that members of the NF-κB family may directly impact regulation of IRF family, while IRF members impact regulation of NF-κB family rather indirectly, via other transcription factors such as AP-1 and SP1.
authors.affiliation: Systems Engineering Group, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland. marta.iwanaszko@polsl.pl.|Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA. marta.iwanaszko@polsl.pl.|Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. marta.iwanaszko@polsl.pl.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwanaszko
authors.affiliation: Systems Engineering Group, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland. kimmel@rice.edu.|Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA. kimmel@rice.edu.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kimmel
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D006801:Humans; D050835:Interferon Regulatory Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D050835:Interferon Regulatory Factors; D016328:NF-kappa B; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3; D014157:Transcription Factors