title: In vitro study of biocompatibility of a graphene composite with gold nanoparticles and hydroxyapatite on human osteoblasts.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of some composites consisting of different proportions of graphene in combination with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HA) on osteoblast viability, proliferation and differentiation. Au/HA@graphene composites synthesized by the catalytic chemical vapor deposition induction heating method with acetylene as the carbon source and over an Au/HA catalyst, were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and Raman spectroscopy and showed that the few-layer graphene was grown over the Au/HA catalyst. The cytocompatibility study was performed using the fluorescein diacetate assay for assessment of the viability and proliferation of osteoblasts cultivated in the presence of HA, Au/HA and Au/HA@graphene composites as colloidal suspensions or as substrates. The most favorable composites for cell adhesion and proliferation were HA, Au/HA and Au/HA composites with 1.6% and 3.15% concentration of graphenes. Immunocytochemical staining performed after 19 days of osteoblasts cultivation on substrates showed that the graphene composites induced low expression of alkaline phosphatase compared to the control group and HA and Au/HA substrates. The presence of graphene in the substrate composition also induced an increased level of intracellular osteopontin and cytoskeleton reorganization (actin-F) depending on graphene concentration, suggesting cell activation, increased cellular adhesion and acquisition of a mechanosensorial osteocyte phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Liana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Crisan
authors.affiliation: Department of Implantology and Maxillofacial Surgery, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Bogdan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Crisan
authors.affiliation: Radiotherapy, Tumor and Radiobiology Laboratory, The Oncology Institute, Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă," Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Soritau
authors.affiliation: Department of Implantology and Maxillofacial Surgery, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Mihaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baciut
authors.affiliation: Department of Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography and Applied Physics, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies INCDTIM, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Alexandru Radu
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Biris
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Grigore
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baciut
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Rehabilitation, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Ondine
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lucaciu
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000633:toxicity*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000633:toxicity*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000633:toxicity*; D006046:Gold / Q000633:toxicity*; D006108:Graphite / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003188:Composite Resins; D006046:Gold; D006108:Graphite; D017886:Durapatite
keywords: biocompatibility; gold nanoparticles; graphene; human osteoblasts; hydroxyapatite