title: Damaging Effects of Total Parenteral Nutrition Formula on Vascular Endothelium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sepsis in one of the most serious complications that can occur during total parenteral nutrition (TPN) procedures. In this experimental study, we investigated the effects of TPN, with or without lipid emulsion, on vascular endothelial damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 50 rabbits were used, divided into 5 groups of 10 each. TPN with lipids (group 1), TPN without lipids (group 2), and 0.09% saline (group 3) were given for 10 days via a central venous catheter. Group 4 received no treatment other than placement of a central venous catheter for 10 days. Group 5 was a control group. At the end of day 10, rabbits were sacrificed and tissue samples of liver, kidney, and inferior vena cava were prepared and examined by immunohistochemical methods for vascular cellular adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In tissue sections of liver, kidney, and inferior vena cava, VCAM-1 activity was increased prominently in TPN with and without lipids compared with the control group. VCAM-1 activity in the TPN with lipids group was decreased versus the TPN without lipids group (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TPN procedure results in vascular endothelial cell damage not only in the vein where the solution is introduced but also in other parts of the vascular system. Even if it is not statistically significant, lipids in the TPN formula may decrease this endothelial cell damage, as shown by immunohistochemistry.
authors.affiliation: *İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Surgery †Medical Pathology, Malatya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Demircan
authors.forename: Kubulay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gurunluoglu
authors.forename: Abdurrahman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karaman
authors.forename: Bulent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mizrak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017849:Animals, Inbred Strains; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004655:Emulsions / Q000009:adverse effects; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000276:immunology* / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000009:adverse effects; D011817:Rabbits; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000009:adverse effects; D015854:Up-Regulation; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000276:immunology / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D010743:Phospholipids; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; C545823:soybean oil, phospholipid emulsion; D013024:Soybean Oil