title: Interprofessional impressions among nursing and pharmacy students: a qualitative study to inform interprofessional education initiatives.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Medical care is increasingly complex and must draw upon the distinct, yet complementary skills of various health disciplines. Healthcare student integration through interprofessional education (IPE) activity is considered one way to promote early, and subsequently sustain, the principles of teamwork. However, It has been demonstrated that each profession has distinct profession-based subcultures, or common attitudes, beliefs and values, even among undergraduate students before commencing their training. We sought to evaluate if undergraduate pharmacy and nursing student in the Middle East had similarly formed attitudes and perceptions of each others' roles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Focus group and semi-structured interviews were conducted with undergraduate pharmacy and nursing students enrolled at Qatar University College of Pharmacy and University of Calgary - Qatar Nursing programs. An eight-question topic guide was developed following comprehensive literature review of reports of other interdisciplinary assessments (either quantitative and qualitative). Working theories were drawn by the two primary investigators based on relevant topic characteristics such as expressed roles and purposes for interacting with one other, patients, and physicians, to develop explanatory constructs for the findings and identify patterns in the data. Qualitative analysis of interviews were supported by NVivo10 (©) (QSR International 2013) software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One shared themes across both health professional groups evolved during data analysis: perceptions of collaborative roles. Discipline specific themes included pharmacist knowledge and visibility (nursing students) and nurses as informants and roles in total patient care (pharmacy students). As expected, students with little or no curricular-based structured experiential training yet largely drew upon personal experiences, whereas senior students, who did have some amount of professional context, often mirrored those that have been found in other studies investigating this interdisciplinary partnership in the clinical setting. Basic understanding of one another's roles were exhibited, but tended to closely follow traditional scripts that are particularly pervasive in the Middle East.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Concepts arising from our work reinforces the importance of reaching interdisciplinary understanding through assorted formal and informal exposures and can inform ways in which future IPE initiatives can be developed among the various health professional training programs.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar. kwilbur@qu.edu.qa.
authors.forename: Kerry
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wilbur
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada. ikelly@ualberta.ca.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kelly
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003479:Curriculum; D004506:Education, Nursing / Q000379:methods; D004512:Education, Pharmacy / Q000379:methods; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D058025:Interdisciplinary Studies; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008877:Middle East; D011780:Qatar; D036301:Qualitative Research; D013338:Students, Nursing; D013339:Students, Pharmacy; D055815:Young Adult