title: Emergency department evaluation and management of foot and ankle pain.
abstract: Foot and ankle injuries are a frequent cause for a visit to the Emergency Department. A thorough evaluation and treatment of these injuries needs to be an area of in-depth familiarity for the Emergency Medicine physician. The key to proper evaluation is first a history and physical examination that focuses on determining what, if any, imaging is required. Subsequently, a focused history, physical examination, and imaging will then determine if an injury is stable or unstable, requiring operative intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040 Jackson Avenue, Tacoma, WA 98431, USA. Electronic address: Wedmorei@msn.com.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wedmore
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040 Jackson Avenue, Tacoma, WA 98431, USA.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040 Jackson Avenue, Tacoma, WA 98431, USA.
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Franklin
mesh_terms: D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D018409:Foot Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D059408:Pain Management; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis
keywords: Ankle fracture; Ankle pain; Ankle sprain; Calcaneus fracture; Lisfranc fracture; Malleolar fracture; Ottowa ankle rules; Talus fracture