title: Difference Between Bladder and Esophageal Temperatures in Mild Induced Hypothermia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mild induced hypothermia is an established treatment strategy for comatose survivors of cardiac arrest. The goal of the induction phase of mild induced hypothermia is to cool the patient's core body temperature to 32°-34°C.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The main goal of this study was to compare temperature changes measured in the esophagus and urinary bladder in survivors of cardiac arrest undergoing mild induced hypothermia using cold saline infusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a prospective study in a 12-bed adult medical intensive care unit at a tertiary level hospital in comatose adult survivors of nontraumatic cardiac arrest admitted from January to April 2012. Paired temperature readings from bladder and esophageal probes were recorded every 5 min for 95 min (20 readings). Cold fluid infusion was terminated when the measured temperature from either of the probes reached 33.9°C. Factorial repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to determine the effect of time and site of measurement on temperature readings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Measurements were performed in 8 patients. Target temperature was achieved in 33 ± 15 min in the esophagus and in 63 ± 15 min in the bladder (p = 0.006). We discovered a significant interaction effect (p < 0.001) between time and site of measurement, indicating that temperature changes differently depending on the site of measurement, with esophageal temperatures decreasing faster than temperatures measured in urinary bladder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that esophageal temperature measurements show a faster response rate compared to temperature measured in the bladder when cold saline infusion is used to induce mild hypothermia.
authors.affiliation: Medical Intensive Care Unit, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Andrej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Markota
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Department, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palfy
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Andraž
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stožer
authors.affiliation: Medical Intensive Care Unit, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Andreja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sinkovič
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001831:Body Temperature; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003128:Coma / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D004947:Esophagus / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013997:Time Factors; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride
keywords: heart arrest; induced; mild hypothermia; patient monitoring; thermometer; thermometry