title: Calculations for Adjusting Endogenous Biomarker Levels During Analytical Recovery Assessments for Ligand-Binding Assay Bioanalytical Method Validation.
abstract: It is often necessary to adjust for detectable endogenous biomarker levels in spiked validation samples (VS) and in selectivity determinations during bioanalytical method validation for ligand-binding assays (LBA) with a matrix like normal human serum (NHS). Described herein are case studies of biomarker analyses using multiplex LBA which highlight the challenges associated with such adjustments when calculating percent analytical recovery (%AR). The LBA test methods were the Meso Scale Discovery V-PLEX® proinflammatory and cytokine panels with NHS as test matrix. The NHS matrix blank exhibited varied endogenous content of the 20 individual cytokines before spiking, ranging from undetectable to readily quantifiable. Addition and subtraction methods for adjusting endogenous cytokine levels in %AR calculations are both used in the bioanalytical field. The two methods were compared in %AR calculations following spiking and analysis of VS for cytokines having detectable endogenous levels in NHS. Calculations for %AR obtained by subtracting quantifiable endogenous biomarker concentrations from the respective total analytical VS values yielded reproducible and credible conclusions. The addition method, in contrast, yielded %AR conclusions that were frequently unreliable and discordant with values obtained with the subtraction adjustment method. It is shown that subtraction of assay signal attributable to matrix is a feasible alternative when endogenous biomarkers levels are below the limit of quantitation, but above the limit of detection. These analyses confirm that the subtraction method is preferable over that using addition to adjust for detectable endogenous biomarker levels when calculating %AR for biomarker LBA.
authors.affiliation: Immunoanalytical Operations, Tandem Labs, Laboratory Corporation of America® Holdings, 13112 Evening Creek Drive South, San Diego, California, 92128, USA, jfmphd@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Marcelletti
authors.forename: Cindy L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Manju
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.forename: Adriana E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Lopez
mesh_terms: D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D057230:Limit of Detection; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013382:Subtraction Technique; D054928:Validation Studies as Topic
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D008024:Ligands