title: Calculating the Rate of Senescence From Mortality Data: An Analysis of Data From the ERA-EDTA Registry.
abstract: The rate of senescence can be inferred from the acceleration by which mortality rates increase over age. Such a senescence rate is generally estimated from parameters of a mathematical model fitted to these mortality rates. However, such models have limitations and underlying assumptions. Notably, they do not fit mortality rates at young and old ages. Therefore, we developed a method to calculate senescence rates from the acceleration of mortality directly without modeling the mortality rates. We applied the different methods to age group-specific mortality data from the European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association Registry, including patients with end-stage renal disease on dialysis, who are known to suffer from increased senescence rates (n = 302,455), and patients with a functioning kidney transplant (n = 74,490). From age 20 to 70, senescence rates were comparable when calculated with or without a model. However, when using non-modeled mortality rates, senescence rates were yielded at young and old ages that remained concealed when using modeled mortality rates. At young ages senescence rates were negative, while senescence rates declined at old ages. In conclusion, the rate of senescence can be calculated directly from non-modeled mortality rates, overcoming the disadvantages of an indirect estimation based on modeled mortality rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands. Leyden Academy on Vitality and Ageing, the Netherlands. j.j.e.koopman@lumc.nl.
authors.forename: Jacob J E
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Koopman
authors.affiliation: GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Maarten P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Rozing
authors.affiliation: ERA-EDTA Registry, Department of Medical Informatics, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anneke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.affiliation: Renal Registry of Aragon, Health Planning Department, Health and Consumers Affairs Department Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Abad
authors.affiliation: Finnish Registry for Kidney Diseases, Helsinki, Finland. Department of Nephrology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Patrik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Finne
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology B, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Heaf
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Andries J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hoitsma
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Hypertension, AZ Nikolaas, Sint-Niklaas, Belgium.
authors.forename: Johan M J
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: De Meester
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland and Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
authors.forename: Runolfur
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Palsson
authors.affiliation: Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera di Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Postorino
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada.
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ravani
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wanner
authors.affiliation: ERA-EDTA Registry, Department of Medical Informatics, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Kitty J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Jager
authors.affiliation: Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands. Leyden Academy on Vitality and Ageing, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van Bodegom
authors.affiliation: Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Rudi G J
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Westendorp
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D005060:Europe; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000401:mortality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009026:Mortality; D012042:Registries; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000401:mortality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: Acceleration of mortality; Aging; Gompertz model.; Modeling; Senescence; Senescence rate