title: Total or Near-Total Lower Eyelid Defect Reconstruction Using Malar Myocutaneous Bridge and Nasojugal Flaps and Septal Chondromucosal Graft.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to repair total or near-total lower eyelid defects by single-staged operative technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  The procedure was performed on 7 referred patients who had a total or near-total lower eyelid defects after tumor extirpation or trauma. Patients ages were between 13 and 67 years (average, 46.5). Defects were repaired by simultaneous reconstruction of anterior and posterior lamellae using a bipedicled malar myocutaneous bridge flap, a nasojugal transposition flap, and a septal chondromucosal graft in combination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients were followed up for 12 to 24 months (average, 18 months). No necrosis, hematoma, or infection was observed in flaps, and no recurrence was observed in any patients. Mild scleral show was observed at postoperative 12 months in 2 cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As an addition to classical methods, the present novel single-staged surgical procedure with the malar myocutaneous bridge flap, nasojugal transposition flap, and septal chondromucosal graft combination provides anatomical, functional, and stable reconstruction for total or near-total lower eyelid defects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cengiz
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eser
authors.forename: Erol
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kesiktaş
authors.forename: Eyüphan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gencel
authors.forename: İbrahim
authors.initials: İ
authors.lastname: Tabakan
authors.forename: Metin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yavuz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000601:surgery*; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000637:transplantation*; D005142:Eyelid Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D064827:Myocutaneous Flap; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000637:transplantation*; D009300:Nasal Septum; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult