title: Modulation of dendritic cell alternative activation and function by the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid.
abstract: The archetypal Th2 cytokine IL-4 has previously been shown to alternatively activate murine macrophages and, more recently, dendritic cells (DCs) both in vitro and in vivo. IL-4 has also been shown to induce Aldh1a2 (aldehyde dehydrogenase 1a2) expression in murine macrophages recruited to the peritoneal cavity. However, the influence of IL-4 on DC Aldh1a2 induction in vivo has not yet been addressed. In this work, we found that DCs show enhanced aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme activity in vivo, which led us to investigate the impact of the vitamin A metabolite all-trans retinoic acid (RA) on DC alternative activation and function. Antagonism of RA receptors reduced production of resistin-like molecule alpha by DCs responding to IL-4, while addition of exogenous RA enhanced production of this marker of alternative activation. Functionally, RA increased DC induction of CD4(+) T-cell IL-10, while reducing CD4(+) T-cell IL-4 and IL-13, revealing a previously unidentified role for RA in regulating the ability of alternatively activated DCs to influence Th2 polarization.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Lucy H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK.
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Alasdair C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ivens
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Graham D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK.
authors.forename: Alexander T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Phythian-Adams
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Judith E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.affiliation: Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK andrew.macdonald@manchester.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Andrew S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: MacDonald
mesh_terms: D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D010641:Phenotype; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; C413576:Retnla protein, mouse; D015847:Interleukin-4; D014212:Tretinoin; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase
keywords: APC; IL-4; Th2