title: Keeping mycotoxins away from the food: Does the existence of regulations have any impact in Africa?
abstract: Following the discovery of aflatoxins in the early 1960s, there have been many studies leading to the uncovering of many mycotoxins and the understanding of associated health effects in animals and humans. Consequently, there has been a global increase in the number of countries with mycotoxin regulations in foods. However, many African countries have only regulations for aflatoxins (or a few other mycotoxins) in specific foods, or no regulations at all. This paper critically reviews the challenges thwarting the establishment of mycotoxin regulations and their impacts on human dietary mycotoxin exposure in Africa. Mycotoxin regulatory limits for different countries are compared with mycotoxin tolerable daily intakes established by international food safety bodies taking into account consumption patterns. The agrarian setup, food insecurity, and mycotoxin analytical challenges in African countries are discussed; and more feasible mycotoxin dietary exposure reduction strategies are proposed.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Bioanalysis , Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.|b Department of Agricultural Research Services , Chitedze Research Station , Lilongwe , Malawi.
authors.forename: Limbikani
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Matumba
authors.affiliation: a Department of Bioanalysis , Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.
authors.forename: Christof
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Van Poucke
authors.affiliation: a Department of Bioanalysis , Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Njumbe Ediage
authors.affiliation: a Department of Bioanalysis , Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Saeger
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D059022:Food Safety; D005523:Food Supply / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D007881:Legislation, Food / Q000592:standards*; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D009183:Mycotoxins
keywords: Mycotoxin regulation; agrarian; food safety; food security