title: Impact of preadmission treatment with calcium channel blockers or beta blockers on short-term mortality after stroke: a nationwide cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prognostic impact of preadmission use of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and beta blockers (BBs) on stroke mortality remains unclear. We aimed to examine whether preadmission use of CCBs or BBs was associated with improved short-term mortality following ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study using Danish medical registries. We identified all patients with a first-time inpatient diagnosis of stroke between 2004 and 2012 and their comorbidities. We defined CCB/BB use as current use, former use, or non-use. Current use was further classified as new or long-term use. We used Cox regression modeling to compute 30-day mortality rate ratios (MRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), controlling for potential confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 100,043 patients with a first-time stroke. Of these, 83,736 (83.7%) patients had ischemic stroke, 11,779 (11.8%) had ICH, and 4,528 (4.5%) had SAH. Comparing current users of CCBs or BBs with non-users, we found no association with mortality for ischemic stroke [adjusted 30-day MRR = 0.99 (95% CI: 0.94-1.05) for CCBs and 1.01 (95% CI: 0.96-1.07) for BBs], ICH [adjusted 30-day MRR = 1.05 (95% CI: 0.95-1.16) for CCBs and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.87-1.04) for BBs], or SAH [adjusted 30-day MRR = 1.05 (95% CI: 0.85-1.29) for CCBs and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.72-1.11) for BBs]. Former use of CCBs or BBs was not associated with mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preadmission use of CCBs or BBs was not associated with 30-day mortality following ischemic stroke, ICH, or SAH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Olof Palmes Allé 43-45, Aarhus N, DK-8200, Denmark. jens.sundboll@clin.au.dk.|Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Brendstrupgårdsvej 100, Aarhus N, DK-8200, Denmark. jens.sundboll@clin.au.dk.
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sundbøll
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Olof Palmes Allé 43-45, Aarhus N, DK-8200, Denmark. msc@dce.au.dk.|Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Brendstrupgårdsvej 100, Aarhus N, DK-8200, Denmark. msc@dce.au.dk.
authors.forename: Morten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Olof Palmes Allé 43-45, Aarhus N, DK-8200, Denmark. ep@dce.au.dk.
authors.forename: Erzsébet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Horváth-Puhó
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Olof Palmes Allé 43-45, Aarhus N, DK-8200, Denmark. cc@dce.au.dk.
authors.forename: Christian F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Christiansen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Olof Palmes Allé 43-45, Aarhus N, DK-8200, Denmark. lap@dce.au.dk.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Brendstrupgårdsvej 100, Aarhus N, DK-8200, Denmark. heb@dadlnet.dk.
authors.forename: Hans Erik
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Bøtker
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Olof Palmes Allé 43-45, Aarhus N, DK-8200, Denmark. hts@dce.au.dk.
authors.forename: Henrik T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Sørensen
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality*; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers