title: Mixed infection of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) and other respiratory viruses in dromedary camels in Sudan, an abattoir study.
abstract: This study was intended to determine the role played by peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in causing respiratory infections in camels and its association with other respiratory viruses. A total of 474 lung specimens showing pneumonia were collected from clinically healthy camels in slaughterhouses at five different areas in Sudan. Using immunocapture ELISA (IcELISA), 214 specimens (45.1 %) were found to be positive for PPR antigen. The highest prevalence was found in central Sudan (59.9 %) then northern Sudan (56.6 %) and eastern Sudan (26.6 %). Parainfluenza virus 3 (PIV 3), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), bovine herpes virus-1 (BHV-1), bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), and adenovirus were detected in 4.4, 2.9, 2.0, 9.0, and 1.3 % of the specimens, respectively. PPR antigen was found in about 50 % of specimens that showed positive result for other viral antigens. Twenty-five of 28 BVD, 15 of 16 PIV3, 8 of 12 RSV, 4 of 4 adenovirus, and 4 of 5 BHV-1 were found in association with other respiratory antigens. Results revealed the existence of PPRV infection in dromedary camels in Sudan and present evidence for mixed virus infection, suggesting that respiratory infections in camels might be exacerbated by PPRV.
authors.affiliation: Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, P.O.Box 8067, Al Amarat, Khartoum, Sudan, intisarkamil@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Intisar Kamil
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Saeed
authors.forename: Yahia Hassan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Magdi Badawi
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: AbdulRahman
authors.forename: Zakia Abas
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.forename: Halima Mohammed
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Osman
authors.forename: Khalid Mohammed
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Taha
authors.forename: Mohammed Zain
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Musa
authors.forename: AbdelMelik Ibrahim
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Khalafalla
mesh_terms: D000003:Abattoirs; D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D002162:Camelus; D060085:Coinfection; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D008168:Lung / Q000821:virology; D029021:Peste-des-Petits-Ruminants / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D018107:Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015995:Prevalence; D013397:Sudan / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral