title: Evaluation of Emerging Fusarium mycotoxins beauvericin, Enniatins, Fusaproliferin and Moniliformin in Domestic Rice in Iran.
abstract: The occurrence of emerging Fusarium mycotoxins beauvericin (BEA), enniatins (ENNs) (A, A1, B, B1), Fusaproliferin and moniliformin was evaluated by a liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometric (LC/ESI-MS/MS) technique in 65 domestic rice samples produced in Gilan and Mazandaran Provinces in Iran. The results showed that 46% of the samples were contaminated with at least one of the emerging mycotoxins. BEA was the most prevalent mycotoxin, which was found in 26 out of 65 rice samples at the concentrations up to 0.47 µg/Kg. Enniatin A1 which was the only member of ENNs was detected in the samples, occurred in 7.7% of samples with an average level of 0.06 μg/Kg. No detectable level of Fusaproliferin and moniliformin was found. This is the ﬁrst report concerning the contamination of Iranian domestic rice samples with the emerging Fusarium mycotoxins.
authors.affiliation: Food and Drug Organization, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ; Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Firouzeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nazari
authors.affiliation: Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sulyok
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Farzad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kobarfard
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yazdanpanah
authors.affiliation: Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krska
keywords: Beauvericin; Enniatins; Fusaproliferin; Iran; Moniliformin; Rice