title: Biological Control of the Nematode Infective larvae of Trichostrongylidae Family With Filamentous Fungi.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Biological control of parasitic nematodes by microorganisms is a promising approach to control such parasites. Microorganisms such as fungi, viruses and bacteria are recognized as biocontrol agents of nematodes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The current study mainly aimed to evaluate the in vitro Potential of various saprophyte soil-fungi in reducing the infective larvae stage of parasitic nematode Trichostrongylidae family.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sheep feces were employed to provide the required third stage larvae source for the experiments. The nematode infective larvae of Trichostrongylidae family including three species of Ostertagia circumcincta, Marshalgia marshali and Heamonchos contortus were collected by Berman apparatus. Fifteen isolates of filamentous fungi were tested in the current study. One milliliter suspension containing 200 third stage larvae of Trichostrongylidae family was separately added to the fungal cultures in 2% water-agar medium Petri-dishes. Every day the live larvae were counted with light microscope (10X) and the number of captured larvae was recorded on different days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences were observed in the results of co-culture of nematodes larva and fungi after seven days. The most effective fungi against the nematodes larvae were Cladosporium sp., Trichoderma sp., Fusarium equisetti, after seven days of incubation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The studies on fungi could be applied as suitable tools in biocontrol of nematode infections. However, additional surveys are required to select efficient with the ability to reduce the nematode larvae in the environment.
authors.affiliation: Health research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran ; Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zarrin
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran ; Cellular and Molecular Researches Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahdar
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Department, Khuzestan Veterinary Office, Ahvaz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gholamian
keywords: Biological Control Agents; Filamentous Fungi; Nematode Infections