title: Three cases of sporadic meningioangiomatosis with different imaging appearances: case report and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Meningioangiomatosis (MA) is a rare meningiovascular malformation or hamartomatous lesion in the central nervous system. Radiographic findings of MA may show a variety of characteristics according to different histological components. We present three cases of sporadic MA with different imaging appearances in an attempt to identify specific imaging characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  In case 1, an irregular hyperdense solid mass was localized in the left middle cranial fossa, demonstrating low and equal signal intensity on T1-weighted imaging (T1WI; TR/TE 2,048.9 ms/26.1 ms), high signal intensity with multiple flow void effect on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI; TR/TE 4,000 ms/106.4 ms), and significant and homogeneous enhancement on post-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In case 2, the lesion in the right insular lobe showed a cystic-mural nodule pattern. The cystic content demonstrated similar density or signal intensity as cerebrospinal fluid, while the mural nodule demonstrated equal density or signal intensity on computed tomography (CT) and MRI. On post-contrast MRI, the mural nodule showed significant enhancement, but the cystic wall and content showed no enhancement. In case 3, a remarkably enhanced solid nodule was found in the cortex of the left parietal lobe with multiple small cysts surrounding it. This nodule showed low signal intensity on T2WI and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI; TR/TE 6,000 ms/96.8 ms, b = 1,000 s/mm(2)). The preoperative diagnoses of the above three cases were meningioma, hemangioblastoma, and ganglioglioma. However, all were pathologically diagnosed as MA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presented cases demonstrate that MA may present with solid and cystic imaging patterns, which may include large cystic-mural nodules and small intra- and extra-cystic patterns. Although MA imaging diagnoses are difficult, several MRI signs may include specific characteristics, such as a flow void effect on T2WI and separating cysts in the cystic MA (as shown in our cases), gyriform hyperintensity on T2-fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence, and susceptibility artifacts on T2 gradient echo (GRE) sequences (as found in the literature).
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Dao Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China. dr_zhihuasun@sina.com.
authors.forename: Zhihua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Dao Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China. 2293631431@qq.com.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Dao Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China. zhangjing1970@163.com.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Dao Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China. fuyue18@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Dao Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China. liwei6036@sina.com.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Dao Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China. guohong99@163.com.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Dao Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China. cjr.zhangyunting@vip.163.com.
authors.forename: Yunting
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000798:Angiomatosis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002648:Child; D003287:Contrast Media; D003560:Cysts / Q000473:pathology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008579:Meningioma / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011379:Prognosis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media