title: Sensitivity Pattern of Second Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs against Clinical Isolates of Multidrug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the current sensitivity pattern of second line anti-tuberculosis drugs against clinical isolates of Multidrug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB).
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi, from November 2011 to April 2013.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples received during the study period were processed on BACTEC MGIT 960 system for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) culture followed by first line drugs susceptibility testing of culture proven MTB isolates. On the basis of resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid, 100 clinical isolates of MDR-TB were further subjected to susceptibility testing against amikacin (AMK), capreomycin (CAP), ofloxacin (OFL) and ethionamide (ETH) as per standard BACTEC MGIT 960 instructions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 100 MDR-TB isolates, 62% were from male patients and 38% from female patients. 97% were sensitive to AMK, 53% to OFL, 87% to CAP; and 87% were sensitive to ETH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of the MDR-TB isolates showed excellent sensitivity against AMK, CAP and ETH. However, sensitivity of MDR-TB isolates against fluoroquinolones like OFL was not encouraging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi.
authors.forename: Tahir
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ghafoor
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi.
authors.forename: Aamer
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ikram
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi.
authors.forename: Shahid Ahmad
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Abbasi
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi.
authors.forename: Gohar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zaman
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ayyub
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Laboratory of Microbiology, University of Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Palomino
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Laboratory of Microbiology, University of Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vandamme
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Laboratory of Microbiology, University of Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Anandi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents