title: The Impact of Reused Phaco Tip on Outcomes of Phacoemulsification Surgery.
abstract: To evaluate the impact of reused phaco tip on intraoperative performance and postoperative outcomes after 2.2 mm micro-coaxial torsional and transversal phacoemulsification.
  
  
  
  This prospective randomized study enrolled 136 eyes of 136 cataract patients; 68 eyes in torsional group (34 eyes with single use tip, 34 eyes with reused tip) and 68 eyes in transversal group (34 eyes with single use tip, 34 eyes with reused tip). Intraoperative measurements were total ultrasound (U/S) time, torsional U/S time, cumulative dissipated energy (CDE), estimated fluid use (EFU) in the torsional group and total phacoemulsification time (TPT), and effective phacoemulsification time (EPT) in transversal phacoemulsification. The central endothelial cell density (ECD) and the central corneal thickness (CCT) were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 and 30 days using noncontact specular microscopy.
  
  
  
  Intraoperative measurements in torsional phacoemulsification showed significant increase in total U/S time (p = 0.01), torsional U/S time (p = 0.01), and CDE (p = 0.01) with the reused tip. The EFU was similar in both tip groups (p = 0.36). The total U/S time, torsional U/S time, and CDE in torsional group were significantly increased with the reused tip for grade III (p = 0.03 for all parameters) and grade IV cataracts (p = 0.005 for torsional U/S time and CDE; p = 0.006 for total U/S time). Intraoperative measurements in transversal phacoemulsification showed no differences in TPT and EPT between tip groups (p > 0.05). The change in ECD and CCT in torsional and transversal phacoemulsification groups were similar in both tip groups (p > 0.05).
  
  
  
  This study showed that sharpness of phaco tip edge increases the efficiency of torsional phacoemulsification for hard cataracts. This result does not mean that reused phaco tip may be used in soft and medium cataracts. As the timing of tip's change is a user-dependent procedure, a new single phaco tip should be used in each case if possible.
authors.affiliation: a Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Eye Clinic , Kayseri , Turkey .
authors.forename: Suleyman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demircan
authors.affiliation: b Department of Ophthalmology , Kayseri Military Hospital , Kayseri , Turkey , and.
authors.forename: Gokcen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gokce
authors.affiliation: a Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Eye Clinic , Kayseri , Turkey .
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Atas
authors.affiliation: a Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Eye Clinic , Kayseri , Turkey .
authors.forename: Burhan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baskan
authors.affiliation: a Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Eye Clinic , Kayseri , Turkey .
authors.forename: Emre
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Goktas
authors.affiliation: c Department of Biostatistics , Erciyes University , Kayseri , Turkey.
authors.forename: Gokmen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zararsiz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003315:Cornea / Q000601:surgery*; D004728:Endothelium, Corneal / Q000166:cytology; D004867:Equipment Design; D017743:Equipment Reuse; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018918:Phacoemulsification / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity
keywords: Cataract; micro-coaxial; phacoemulsification; torsional; transversal