title: Permanent pacemaker lead induced severe tricuspid regurgitation in patient undergoing multiple valve surgery.
abstract: Severe and permanent tricuspid regurgitation induced by pacemaker leads is rarely reported in the literature. The mechanism of pacemaker-induced tricuspid regurgitation has been identified, but its management has not been well established. Furthermore, debate still exists regarding the proper surgical approach. We present the case of a patient with severe tricuspid regurgitation induced by a pacemaker lead, accompanied by triple valve disease. The patient underwent double valve replacement and tricuspid valve repair without removal of the pre-existing pacemaker lead. The operation was successful and the surgical procedure is discussed in detail.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Jung Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Tae Ho
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Wook Sung
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Pacemaker; Permanent pacemaker lead; Tricuspid valve insufficiency; Tricuspid valve repair