title: Physiological and proteomics analyses reveal the mechanism of Eichhornia crassipes tolerance to high-concentration cadmium stress compared with Pistia stratiotes.
abstract: Cadmium (Cd) pollution is an environmental problem worldwide. Phytoremediation is a convenient method of removing Cd from both soil and water, but its efficiency is still low, especially in aquatic environments. Scientists have been trying to improve the ability of plants to absorb and accumulate Cd based on interactions between plants and Cd, especially the mechanism by which plants resist Cd. Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes are aquatic plants commonly used in the phytoremediation of heavy metals. In the present study, we conducted physiological and biochemical analyses to compare the resistance of these two species to Cd stress at 100 mg/L. E. crassipes showed stronger resistance and was therefore used for subsequent comparative proteomics to explore the potential mechanism of E. crassipes tolerance to Cd stress at the protein level. The expression patterns of proteins in different functional categories revealed that the physiological activities and metabolic processes of E. crassipes were affected by exposure to Cd stress. However, when some proteins related to these processes were negatively inhibited, some analogous proteins were induced to compensate for the corresponding functions. As a result, E. crassipes could maintain more stable physiological parameters than P. stratiotes. Many stress-resistance substances and proteins, such as proline and heat shock proteins (HSPs) and post translational modifications, were found to be involved in the protection and repair of functional proteins. In addition, antioxidant enzymes played important roles in ROS detoxification. These findings will facilitate further understanding of the potential mechanism of plant response to Cd stress at the protein level.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; China Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Xiong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; China Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Yanli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; China Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China.
authors.forename: Yunqiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Shihai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; China Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China.
authors.forename: Xudong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; China Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China.
authors.forename: Yongping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000235:genetics; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D029064:Araceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D019187:Cadmium Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D031806:Eichhornia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex / Q000187:drug effects; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011392:Proline / Q000502:physiology; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D040901:Proteomics; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013045:Species Specificity; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D019187:Cadmium Compounds; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex; D010940:Plant Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D011392:Proline