title: Asthma control in pregnancy is associated with pre-conception dietary patterns.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine pre-conception dietary patterns in pregnant asthmatic women and to identify associations between maternal diet and asthma control during pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study. Pre-conception food frequency data were collected retrospectively. Asthma control was assessed using the Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines. Dietary patterns were derived using factor analysis. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to test the association between uncontrolled asthma and each dietary pattern (Z-score), with values presented as odds ratio and 95 % confidence interval.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antenatal clinic in a tertiary hospital, Adelaide, Australia, May 2009-July 2013.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and fifty-eight asthmatic pregnant women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three dietary patterns were identified: (i) 'high protein/fruit' (strong food group loadings for fish, meat, chicken, fruit); (ii) 'high fat/sugar/takeaway' (takeaway foods, crisps, refined grains); and (iii) 'vegetarian-type' (vegetables, fruit, soya milk, whole grains). A 1 sd increase in score on the high fat/sugar/takeaway pattern was associated with increased likelihood of uncontrolled asthma (adjusted OR=1·54; 95 % CI 1·07, 2·23; P=0·022). Women with uncontrolled asthma (n 115) had higher energy-adjusted intakes of saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, carbohydrate, sugar and fibre compared with women with controlled asthma (n 43, all P≤0·05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pre-pregnancy dietary patterns may influence maternal asthma control. Our work highlights the importance of achieving a healthy diet before pregnancy that is low in saturated fat, sugar and takeaway foods, and therefore higher in lean meats, poultry and fish, as well as fruits, vegetables and whole grains. A healthy dietary pattern should be encouraged in all asthmatic women who are of childbearing age, and should additionally be promoted before pregnancy and beyond.
authors.affiliation: 1Robinson Research Institute,School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health,University of Adelaide and Lyell McEwin Hospital,Haydown Road,Elizabeth Vale,SA 5112,Australia.
authors.forename: Jessica A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Grieger
authors.affiliation: 1Robinson Research Institute,School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health,University of Adelaide and Lyell McEwin Hospital,Haydown Road,Elizabeth Vale,SA 5112,Australia.
authors.forename: Luke E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Grzeskowiak
authors.affiliation: 2Hunter Medical Research Institute,School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy,University of Newcastle,Kookaburra Circuit,New South Wales,Australia.
authors.forename: Lisa G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.affiliation: 1Robinson Research Institute,School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health,University of Adelaide and Lyell McEwin Hospital,Haydown Road,Elizabeth Vale,SA 5112,Australia.
authors.forename: Vicki L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Clifton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000178:diet therapy*; D001315:Australia; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D019468:Disease Management; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016742:Preconception Care; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Asthma; Australia; Dietary patterns; Factor analysis; Pre-conception diet; Pregnancy