title: Malaria rapid diagnostic test as point-of-care test: study protocol for evaluating the VIKIA Malaria Ag Pf/Pan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are generally considered as point-of-care tests. However, most of the studies assessing the performance of malaria RDTs are conducted by research teams that are not representative of the classical end-users, who are typically unskilled in traditional laboratory techniques for diagnosing malaria. To evaluate the performance of a malaria RDT by end-users in a malaria-endemic area, a study protocol was designed and the VIKIA Malaria Ag Pf/Pan test, previously evaluated in 2013, was re-evaluated by representative end-users.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty end-users with four different profiles in seven communes in Kampot Province (Cambodia) were selected. A set of 20 calibrated aliquots, including negative samples, low positive samples (200 parasites/μL of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax) and high positive samples (2,000 parasites/μL of P. falciparum and P. vivax) was used. Testing was performed directly by the end-users without any practical training on the VIKIA Malaria Ag Pf/Pan kit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All results obtained by the end-users were consistent with the expected results, except for the low positive (200 parasites/μL) P. vivax aliquot (35% of concordant results). No significant difference was observed between the different end-users. End-user interviews evaluating ease-of-use and ease-of-reading of the VIKIA Malaria Ag Pf/Pan kit recorded 159 positive answers and only one negative answer. Out of 20 end-users, only one considered the test was not easy to perform with the support of the quick guide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data presented in this study clearly demonstrate that the performance of the VIKIA Malaria Ag Pf/Pan test when performed by traditional end-users in field conditions is similar to that obtained by a research team and that this RDT can be considered as a point-of-care tool/assay. Furthermore, the protocol designed for this study could be used systematically in parallel to conventional evaluation studies to determine the performance of malaria RDTs in field conditions.
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. ksaorin@pasteur-kh.org.
authors.forename: Saorin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. nsina@pasteur-kh.org.
authors.forename: Sina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nhem
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. ddany@pasteur-kh.org.
authors.forename: Dany
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dourng
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. dmenard@pasteur-kh.org.
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ménard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000097:blood*; D002160:Cambodia; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016780:Malaria, Vivax / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010966:Plasmodium vivax / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000067716:Point-of-Care Testing; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000953:Antigens, Protozoan