title: Preparation of calcium phosphate cement and polymethyl methacrylate for biological composite bone cements.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We studied the biological safety, biomechanics, and tissue compatibility of calcium phosphate cement and Polymethyl Methacrylate composite bone cement mixed in different ratios.
  
  
  METHODS
  CPC and PMMA were mixed in different ratios (3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:5, 1:10, 1:15, and 1:20). PMMA solvent is a general solvent containing a dissolved preparation of the composite bone cement specific to a given specimen to determine biological safety, biomechanics, and tissue compatibility.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CPC/PMMA (33%) group, CPC/PMMA (50%) group, CPC/PMMA (67%) group, and CPC/PMMA (75%) group were more in line with the composite bone cement without cytotoxicity requirements. The compressive strength of the CPC/PMMA (67%) group and CPC/PMMA (75%) group was 20 Mpa-30 Mpa, while that of the CPC/PMMA (4.8%) group, CPC/PMMA (6.25%) group, CPC/PMMA (9.1%) group, CPC/PMMA (16.7%) group, CPC/PMMA (33%) group, and CPC/PMMA (50%) group was 40 Mpa-70 Mpa. Curing time was longer in the CPC group (more than 11 min) and shorter in the PMMA group (less than 2 min). The results of weight loss rate showed that there were no significant differences between the CPC/PMMA group (4.8%, 6.25%, 9.1%, 16.7%, 33%) and PMMA control group (p>0.05). With the decrease of CPC content, the rate of weight loss gradually decreased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CPC/PMMA (50%) group, CPC/PMMA (67%) group, and CPC/PMMA (75%) group provide greater variability and selectivity for the composite bone cement in obtaining better application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Kairui
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, 421 hospital of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Jiping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, 421 Hospital of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Xinhui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Weiqiang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Shengnan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Yirong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D019245:Compressive Strength; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D011859:Radiography; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; C020243:calcium phosphate