title: Stimulation of peanut seedling development and growth by zero-valent iron nanoparticles at low concentrations.
abstract: Because of its strong pollutant degradation ability, nanoscale zerovalent iron (NZVI) has been introduced to soils and groundwater for remediation purposes, but its impacts on plants are still not very clear. In this work, the effects of low concentration (10-320 μmol/L) NZVI particles on seed germination and growth of peanut plants were evaluated. The exposure of peanut seeds to NZVI at all the tested concentrations altered the seed germination activity, especially the development of seedlings. In comparison with the deionized water treated controls (CK), all of the NZVI treatments had significantly larger average lengths. Further investigations with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) suggested that NZVI particles may penetrate the peanut seed coats to increase the water uptake to stimulate seed germination. The growth experiments showed that although NZVI at a relatively high concentration (320 μmol/L) showed phytotoxicity to the peanut plants, the lower concentrations of NZVI particles stimulated the growth and root development of the plants. At certain concentrations (e.g., 40 and 80 μmol/L), the NZVI treated samples were even better than the ethylenediaminetetraacetate-iron (EDTA-Fe) solution, a commonly used iron nutrient solution, in stimulating the plant growth. This positive effect was probably due to the uptake of NZVI by the plants, as indicated in the TEM analyses. Because low concentrations of NZVI particles stimulated both the seedling development and growth of peanut, they might be used to benefit the growth of peanuts in large-scale agricultural settings.
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil & Fertilizer Resources, National Engineering & Technology Research Center for Slow & Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China.
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil & Fertilizer Resources, National Engineering & Technology Research Center for Slow & Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China; Department of Soil and Water Science, Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, Florida, United States of America.
authors.forename: Yuechao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil & Fertilizer Resources, National Engineering & Technology Research Center for Slow & Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D010367:Arachis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D001880:Boranes / Q000737:chemistry; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D001880:Boranes; D007501:Iron