title: Hypolipidemic effects of Solidago chilensis hydroalcoholic extract and its major isolated constituent quercetrin in cholesterol-fed rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite several studies on the effects of Solidago chilensis Meyen (Asteraceae), the phytochemical and hypolipidemic properties remain underappreciated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluates the hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of hydroalcoholic extract (HE) and quercetrin from S. chilensis aerial parts in cholesterol-fed rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The HE was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, followed by quercetrin isolation. Hypercholesterolemic rats (1% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid for 15 d) were treated with HE (150, 300, and 600 mg/kg p.o.; n = 6), simvastatin (4 mg/kg p.o.; n = 6), or quercetrin (10 mg/kg p.o.; n = 6) once a day for 30 d. During this period, a high-cholesterol diet was maintained until the 30th day of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rats treated with HE (150, 300, and 600 mg/kg) and quercetrin showed decreased serum levels of total cholesterol (-19.9, -27.5, -31.0, and -39.4%), lipoprotein-cholesterol (-36.0, -37.5, -43.3, and -59.4%), and triacylglycerides (-15.6, -23.5, -29.8, and -27.2%) when compared with the control group similar to simvastatin. Moreover, treatment with HE and quercetrin decreased hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase activity (35.1% on average) and increased fecal cholesterol levels (38.2% on average).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that hypolipidemic effects of HE are associated with it modulating the activity of HMG-CoA reductase and its interference in the reabsorption and/or excretion of intestinal lipids. Solidago chilensis and its main constituent, quercetrin, may thus be effective as cholesterol-lowering agents and in preventing atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Paraná , Curitiba, PR , Brazil .
authors.forename: Walter A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Roman Junior
authors.forename: Angelo L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Piato
authors.forename: Greicy M M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Conterato
authors.forename: Silvana M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Wildner
authors.forename: Matheus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marcon
authors.forename: Ricieri
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mocelin
authors.forename: Mauren P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Emanuelli
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Emanuelli
authors.forename: Angelita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nepel
authors.forename: Andersson
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barison
authors.forename: Cid A M
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Santos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011794:Quercetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D036624:Solidago; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; C012526:quercitrin; D011794:Quercetin
keywords: Antihyperlipidemic activity; Asteraceae; HMG-CoA reductase activity; arnica-do-brasil; atherosclerosis; flavonoids