title: [Effects of single and co-exposure of Cu and chlorpyrifos on the toxicity of earthworm].
abstract: Combined pollution of heavy metal and pesticide had posed a serious threat to soil ecology and human living environment. As two common types of pollutants in soil environment, the environmental effects of combined pollution of Cu and chlorpyrifos are worth for attention. The acute lethal effects and avoiding behavior of single and co-exposure of Cu and chlorpyrifos on earthworms were analyzed by using the methods of standard OECD filter paper test and artificial soil test. Results showed that the LC(50,48 h) and LC(50,14 d) of the acute toxicity of Cu on earthworm in filter paper test and in artificial soil test were 2.23 microg x cm(-2) and 496.05 mg x kg(-1), respectively. The LC(50,48 h) and LC(50,14 d) of the acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos on earthworm in filter paper test and in artificial soil test were 5.94 microg x cm(-2) and 186.07 mg x kg(-1), respectively. In filter paper test and artificial soil test, the joint acute toxicity of Cu and chlorpyrifos showed an additive effect while the concentration was 1:1. The type of combined effects of co-exposure of Cu and chlorpyrifos was synergistic effect and antagonistic effect in filter paper test and artificial soil test, respectively, while the toxicity was 1:1. The results of avoidance behavior test showed that the joint effect of Cu and chlorpyrifos on the avoidance behavior of earthworms was antagonistic.
authors.forename: Dong-mei
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yan-hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Gui-wei
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Rao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000633:toxicity*; D003300:Copper / Q000633:toxicity*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000633:toxicity; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000187:drug effects*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000633:toxicity*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D003300:Copper; D004390:Chlorpyrifos