title: Immune cell expression of GABAA receptors and the effects of diazepam on influenza infection.
abstract: Benzodiazepines increase vulnerability to infection through α1 subunit dependent Υ-amino-butyric-type-A (GABAA) signalling. Immune cell expression of GABAA receptors and the effect of diazepam on influenza infection was investigated. In patients with pneumonia, α1 GABAA subunits were expressed on alveolar macrophages and blood monocytes. In mice, influenza induced dynamic changes in immune cell GABAA subunit expression: α1 subunits decreased on alveolar macrophage, but increased on monocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Following influenza viral infection, diazepam delayed weight loss on day 3 but later increased weight loss. Viral load was unaffected but increased bacterial superinfection was noted on day 10.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, University of Wisconsin, Madison, United States. Electronic address: rsanders4@wisc.edu.
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Vimal.Grover@rmh.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Vimal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Grover
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Immunology & Lab Medicine, University of Florida, United States. Electronic address: jgoulding@gmail.com.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goulding
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Oxford University, United Kingdom. Electronic address: alexandra.godlee@spc.ox.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Godlee
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Brompton Hospital, United Kingdom. Electronic address: stefangurney@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gurney
authors.affiliation: Department of Leukocyte Biology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: robert.snelgrove@imperial.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Snelgrove
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthetics, Intensive Care & Pain Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: d.ma@imperial.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Daqing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthetics, Intensive Care & Pain Medicine, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, United Kingdom. Electronic address: suveer.singh@chelwest.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Suveer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, United States. Electronic address: MazeM@anesthesia.ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Mervyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maze
authors.affiliation: Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Manchester, United Kingdom. Electronic address: tracy.hussell@manchester.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hussell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003975:Diazepam / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D018757:GABA Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000473:pathology; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae / Q000472:pathogenicity; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018757:GABA Modulators; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens; D003975:Diazepam
keywords: Benzodiazepine; GABA; Immune; Infection