title: Simulated Prosthetic Vision: The Benefits of Computer-Based Object Recognition and Localization.
abstract: Clinical trials with blind patients implanted with a visual neuroprosthesis showed that even the simplest tasks were difficult to perform with the limited vision restored with current implants. Simulated prosthetic vision (SPV) is a powerful tool to investigate the putative functions of the upcoming generations of visual neuroprostheses. Recent studies based on SPV showed that several generations of implants will be required before usable vision is restored. However, none of these studies relied on advanced image processing. High-level image processing could significantly reduce the amount of information required to perform visual tasks and help restore visuomotor behaviors, even with current low-resolution implants. In this study, we simulated a prosthetic vision device based on object localization in the scene. We evaluated the usability of this device for object recognition, localization, and reaching. We showed that a very low number of electrodes (e.g., nine) are sufficient to restore visually guided reaching movements with fair timing (10 s) and high accuracy. In addition, performance, both in terms of accuracy and speed, was comparable with 9 and 100 electrodes. Extraction of high level information (object recognition and localization) from video images could drastically enhance the usability of current visual neuroprosthesis. We suggest that this method-that is, localization of targets of interest in the scene-may restore various visuomotor behaviors. This method could prove functional on current low-resolution implants. The main limitation resides in the reliability of the vision algorithms, which are improving rapidly.
authors.affiliation: CNRS & University of Toulouse, IRIT, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Marc J-M
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4124-8697
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Macé
authors.affiliation: CNRS & University of Toulouse, IRIT, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Valérian
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Guivarch
authors.affiliation: CNRS & University of Toulouse, IRIT, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Grégoire
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Denis
authors.affiliation: CNRS & University of Toulouse, IRIT, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jouffrais
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001766:Blindness / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D010719:Phosphenes; D014785:Vision, Ocular; D014796:Visual Perception; D057488:Visual Prosthesis; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Blindness; Computer vision.; Simulated prosthetic vision; Visual impairment; Visual neuroprosthesis