title: Biocompatibility of 4-META/MMA-TBB resin used as a dental luting agent.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The bonding and biological properties of currently used luting/cementing materials need to be improved. 4-Acryloyloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride/methyl methacrylate-tri-n-butylborane (4-META/MMA-TBB) resin is primarily used for splinting mobile teeth or treating fractured teeth. It undergoes moisture-resistant polymerization and bonds strongly to dentin and metals.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the biological and biochemical properties META/MMA-TBB resin with those of conventional polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-MMA resin and other currently used luting materials in order to determine whether it may be a viable dental luting agent.
  
  
  METHODS
  The degree of polymerization of 4-META/MMA-TBB resin, PMMA-MMA autopolymerizing resin, 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate-dimethacrylate (MDP-DMA) adhesive resin, and a glass ionomer cement was measured by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy. Free radical production during setting was evaluated by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Rat dental pulp cells cultured on these materials were examined for cell viability, attachment, proliferation, and functional phenotype.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The degree of polymerization of 4-META/MMA-TBB resin was 82% thirty minutes after preparation, compared to 66% for PMMA-MMA autopolymerizing resin. ESR spectroscopy revealed free radical production from 4-META/MMA-TBB resin and glass ionomer cement was equivalent 24 hours after preparation, with no spike in radical generation observed. In contrast, free radical production from PMMA-MMA and MDP-DMA adhesive resins was rapid and sustained and 10 to 20 times greater than that from 4-META/MMA-TBB. The percentage of viable dental pulp cells 24 hours after seeding was considerably higher on MDP-DMA and 4-META/MMA-TBB resin than on glass ionomer cement. Cell number, proliferation, and alkaline phosphatase activity were highest on 4-META/MMA-TBB resin and lowest on the glass ionomer cement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  4-META/MMA-TBB resin is at least as biocompatible, and perhaps even more biocompatible, than other current luting materials, with fast, favorable, and nontoxic polymerization properties. Further in vivo and human studies of 4-META/MMA-TBB resin as a dental luting agent are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Visiting scholar, Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, Calif.
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.affiliation: Research associate, Department of Clinical Care Medicine, Kanagawa Dental College, Yokosuka, Japan.
authors.forename: Makiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saita
authors.affiliation: Visiting scholar, Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, Calif.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.affiliation: Visiting scholar, Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry Los Angeles, Calif.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirota
authors.affiliation: Visiting scholar, Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, Calif.
authors.forename: Wonhee
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Clinical Care Medicine, Kanagawa Dental College, Yokosuka, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaichi Chang-Il
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Professor, Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, Calif. Electronic address: togawa@dentistry.ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001896:Boron Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002452:Cell Count; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000737:chemistry; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020366:Methylmethacrylate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D008768:Methylmethacrylates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010641:Phenotype; D058105:Polymerization; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001896:Boron Compounds; D005609:Free Radicals; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D008689:Methacrylates; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; D019279:Resin Cements; D020366:Methylmethacrylate; C069749:methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; C049495:Super-bond; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase