title: Lipoxins and aspirin-triggered lipoxins in resolution of inflammation.
abstract: The resolution of the inflammatory response is highly regulated by the timely biosynthesis of a number of endogenous lipid mediators. Among these, lipoxins (LX) and their 15-epimers, aspirin triggered lipoxins (ATL) derived by the lipoxygenase (LO) route of arachidonic acid metabolism. In particular, they are formed and released by cells expressing 5-, 12- and 15-LO such as leukocytes, platelets, vascular endothelium and epithelium, alone or during transcellular interactions. ATL biosynthesis requires cyclooxygenase-2 acetylation by aspirin. LX and ATL exert potent bioactions on leukocytes, vascular and epithelial cells to stop inflammation and promote resolution. They have shown to be beneficial in a broad spectrum of preclinical models of disease as well as in some clinical trials. Counter-regulatory signaling by LXA4 and 15-epi-LXA4 follows the activation of a G protein-coupled receptor, termed ALX/FPR2, which is emerging as a key anti-inflammatory receptor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d׳Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Center of Excellence on Aging, G. d׳Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy. Electronic address: mromano@unich.it.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.affiliation: Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d׳Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Center of Excellence on Aging, G. d׳Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cianci
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d׳Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Center of Excellence on Aging, G. d׳Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Felice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Simiele
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d׳Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Center of Excellence on Aging, G. d׳Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Recchiuti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001241:Aspirin / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D044045:Lipoxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D044045:Lipoxins; C040527:lipoxin A4; D001241:Aspirin
keywords: Efferocytosis; Inflammation; Lipoxin; Lipoxygenase; Polymorphysm; Promoter; Receptor; Resolution; microRNA