title: Evaluation of the medicinal properties of Cyrtocarpa procera Kunth fruit extracts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The fruit of Cyrtocarpa procera is used to treat stomach diseases by people living in San Rafael, Coxcatlan, Puebla. This work investigated the antibacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities of the fruit produced by this species.
  
  
  METHODS
  Methanol extract was obtained by maceration. After obtaining the methanol extract (MeOH1), methanol subextract (MeOH2) and hexane (H) were obtained. The antibacterial activities of MeOH1, MeOH2 and H were evaluated through disc-diffusion. The quenching of free radicals was evaluated by decolorizing a methanolic DPPH solution. The cytotoxic activity of MeOH2 was evaluated by in vitro assay system of growth inhibition of human cervical carcinoma cell line (CasKi). The IL-1β and TNF-α were determined through ELISA in the supernatants of the macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7). The MeOH2 subextract was separated by column chromatography, seventy-three fractions were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Gram-positive and -negative bacteria examined were sensitive to MeOH1 and MeOH2; the MeOH2 was bactericidal toward Staphyloccocus aureus (MIC = 4 mg/mL) and Vibrio cholera (MIC = 4 mg/mL). The MeOH2 inhibited the DPPH radical (SC50 = 69.7 μg/mL), but a cytotoxicity assay revealed that the extract is not toxic according to the National Cancer Institute (LD50 = 22.03 μg/mL). The production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL- 1β and TNF- α) by LPS- stimulated macrophages was reduced after the treatments. The methanol extract contained various organic acids, such as citric acid, palmitic acid and α- linoleic acid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fruits of Cyrtocarpa procera are employed to treat ailments such as diarrhea, in this study were demonstrated some biological activities involved in a bacterial infection. This is the first research about of the medicinal properties of C. procera fruit.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Unidad de Biotecnologia y Prototipos (UBIPRO) Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Av. De los Barrios No.1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Edo. Mex, Tlalnepantla, C.P. 54090, Mexico. karmareli_17@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Karla Stephanie
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Martinez-Elizalde
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Quimica, UNAM, Distrito Federal, Mexico. manuelj@servidor.unam.mx.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jimenez-Estrada
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, UBIPRO Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala UNAM, Edo. Mex, Tlalnepantla, Mexico. cmflores@servidor.unam.mx.
authors.forename: Cesar Mateo
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, UBIPRO Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala UNAM, Edo. Mex, Tlalnepantla, Mexico. lbarbo@unam.mx.
authors.forename: Luis Barbo
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.affiliation: Universidad de la Cañada, Teotitlan de Flores Magon, Oaxaca, Mexico. ekrosas@msn.com.
authors.forename: Rocio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rosas-Lopez
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Unidad de Biotecnologia y Prototipos (UBIPRO) Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Av. De los Barrios No.1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Edo. Mex, Tlalnepantla, C.P. 54090, Mexico. angeldurandiaz@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Duran-Diaz
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, Carrera de Medicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala UNAM, Edo. Mex, Tlalnepantla, Mexico. oscarnieto-yanez@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Oscar J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Nieto-Yañez
authors.affiliation: Escuela Superior de Medicina IPN, Distrito Federal, Mexico. reb78@yahoo.com.mx.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, Carrera de Medicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala UNAM, Edo. Mex, Tlalnepantla, Mexico. dr.marcorodriguez@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marco Aurelio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Monroy
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Unidad de Biotecnologia y Prototipos (UBIPRO) Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Av. De los Barrios No.1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Edo. Mex, Tlalnepantla, C.P. 54090, Mexico. dra.margaritacanales@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Canales-Martinez
mesh_terms: D027926:Anacardiaceae; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008264:Macrophages; D051379:Mice; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010851:Picrates / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014734:Vibrio cholerae / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl