title: Protective immunity against Trichinella spiralis infection induced by TsNd vaccine in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have previously reported that Trichinella spiralis Nudix hydrolase (TsNd) bound to intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), and vaccination of mice with recombinant TsNd protein (rTsNd) produced a partial protective immunity. The aim of this study was to investigate the immune protection induced by TsNd DNA vaccine.
  
  
  METHODS
  The full-length cDNA sequence of TsNd gene was cloned into pcDNA3.1 and used to immunize BALB/c mice by intramuscular injection. Transcription and expression of TsNd were detected by RT-PCR and IFT. The levels of specific IgA, IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a, and cytokines were assayed by ELISA at weeks 0, 6 and 8 post-immunization. The immune protection of TsNd DNA vaccine against challenge infection was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunization of mice with TsNd DNA elicited a systemic Th1/Th2 immune response and a local mucosal IgA response. The in vitro transcription and expression of TsNd gene was observed at all developmental stages of T. spiralis (ML, IIL, AW and NBL). Anti-rTsNd IgG levels were increased after immunization and levels of IgG1 were obviously higher than that of IgG2a. Intestinal specific IgA levels of immunized mice were significantly higher than those of vector and PBS control mice. Cytokine profiling also showed a significant increase in Th1 (IFN-γ, IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4, 10) responses in splenocytes of immunized mice on stimulation with rTsNd. Vaccination of mice with pcDNA3.1-TsNd displayed a 40.44% reduction in adult worms and a 53.9% reduction in larval burden.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TsNd DNA induced a mixed Th1/Th2 immune response and partial protection against T. spiralis infection in mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China. liupei0131@163.com.
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China. cuij@zzu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China. liuruodan2006@126.com.
authors.forename: Ruo Dan
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection Control, The Second People's Hospital of Zhengzhou City, Zhengzhou, 450000, P. R. China. wangamin513@sina.com.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China. jpdaisy@126.com.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China. liulina5965@163.com.
authors.forename: Li Na
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China. longshaorong@126.com.
authors.forename: Shao Rong
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China. lilingge1314@163.com.
authors.forename: Ling Ge
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China. shuaibingstudent@163.com.
authors.forename: Shuai Bing
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China. 2298239389@qq.com.
authors.forename: Xin Zhuo
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China. wangzq@zzu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhong Quan
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D006224:Cricetinae; D015801:Helminth Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D017160:Trichinella spiralis; D014235:Trichinellosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015801:Helminth Proteins; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D014612:Vaccines