title: Samsoeum water extract attenuates allergic airway inflammation via modulation of Th1/Th2 cytokines and decrease of iNOS expression in asthmatic mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Samsoeum has long been used in Korea and other Asian countries as a traditional medicine to treat various diseases. In the present study, we investigated the antiasthma effect of the herbal medicine Samsoeum water extract (SSEW) using an in vivo ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female BALB/c mice were sensitized by an intraperitoneal injection of OVA and subsequently challenged with nebulized OVA. We investigated the number of inflammatory cells, the production of Th1/Th2 cytokines and chemokine in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), histological changes in lung tissue, the infiltration of inflammatory cells and hyperplasia of goblet cells in lung tissue, the levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in BALF and plasma, and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in lung tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our findings indicated that SSEW decreased the accumulation of inflammatory cells (particularly, eosinophil and neutrophil) and regulated the balance in the production of Th1/Th2 cytokines and chemokine in BALF. Moreover, SSEW suppressed the level of IgE in BALF and plasma, and inhibited the infiltration of inflammatory cells, hyperplasia of goblet cells, and the expression of iNOS in lung tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Collectively, these results suggest that, because of its anti-inflammatory and antiasthma properties, SSEW may be useful in reducing airway inflammation in the treatment of allergic asthma.
authors.affiliation: Herbal Medicine Formulation Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 483 Expo-ro, Yusung-gu, Daejeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea. ssamggun85@kiom.re.kr.
authors.forename: Woo-Young
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Herbal Medicine Formulation Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 483 Expo-ro, Yusung-gu, Daejeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea. dvmmk79@gmail.com.|Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, O-chang uep, Cheongwon-gun, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 363-883, Republic of Korea. dvmmk79@gmail.com.|Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea. dvmmk79@gmail.com.
authors.forename: In-Sik
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Herbal Medicine Formulation Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 483 Expo-ro, Yusung-gu, Daejeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea. hkshin@kiom.re.kr.
authors.forename: Hyeun-Kyoo
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Herbal Medicine Formulation Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 483 Expo-ro, Yusung-gu, Daejeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea. cozy11@kiom.re.kr.
authors.forename: Mee-Young
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D020397:Goblet Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019684:Magnoliopsida; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000009:adverse effects; D008517:Phytotherapy; D055441:Poria; D056910:Republic of Korea; D058408:Th1-Th2 Balance / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; C528926:shensuyin; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D010047:Ovalbumin; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II