title: The different effects of starch synthase IIa mutations or variation on endosperm amylose content of barley, wheat and rice are determined by the distribution of starch synthase I and starch branching enzyme IIb between the starch granule and amyloplast stroma.
abstract: The distribution of starch synthase I and starch branching enzyme IIb between the starch granule and amyloplast stroma plays an important role in determining endosperm amylose content of cereal grains. Starch synthase IIa (SSIIa) catalyses the polymerisation of intermediate length glucan chains of amylopectin in the endosperm of cereals. Mutations of SSIIa genes in barley and wheat and inactive SSIIa variant in rice induce similar effects on the starch structure and the amylose content, but the severity of the phenotypes is different. This study compared the levels of transcripts and partitioning of proteins of starch synthase I (SSI) and starch branching enzyme IIb (SBEIIb) inside and outside the starch granules in the developing endosperms of these ssIIa mutants and inactive SSIIa variant. Pleiotropic effects on starch granule-bound proteins suggested that the different effects of SSIIa mutations on endosperm amylose content of barley, wheat and rice are determined by the distribution of SSI and SBEIIb between the starch granule and amyloplast stroma in cereals. Regulation of starch synthesis in ssIIa mutants and inactive SSIIa variant may be at post-translational level or the altered amylopectin structure deprives the affinity of SSI and SBEIIb to amylopectin.
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
authors.forename: Jixun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Behjat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kosar-Hashemi
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Larroque
authors.forename: Vito M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Butardo
authors.forename: Greg J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Tanner
authors.forename: Michelle L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Colgrave
authors.forename: Narayana M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Upadhyaya
authors.forename: Ian J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Tetlow
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Emes
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Millar
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Jobling
authors.forename: Matthew K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Morell
authors.forename: Zhongyi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D015061:1,4-alpha-Glucan Branching Enzyme / Q000737:chemistry; D000688:Amylose / Q000737:chemistry*; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D056625:Endosperm / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology; D058685:Genetic Pleiotropy; D005838:Genotype; D001467:Hordeum / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D012275:Oryza / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D018087:Plastids / Q000201:enzymology; D013214:Starch Synthase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D014908:Triticum / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018744:DNA, Plant; D010940:Plant Proteins; D000688:Amylose; C434607:granule-bound starch synthase I; C111377:starch synthase II; D015061:1,4-alpha-Glucan Branching Enzyme; C116400:starch-branching enzyme IIb; D013214:Starch Synthase