title: Effects of resistance exercise training on acyl-ghrelin and obestatin levels in hemodialysis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) present altered levels of appetite hormones such as acyl-ghrelin (orexigenic) and obestatin (anorexigenic), which may contribute to anorexia. Physical exercise may affect these hormones and improve appetite in these patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of a resistance exercise program in appetite hormones, body composition, and nutritional status in HD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intervention study with the control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two patients on regular HD program were enrolled into two groups: 37 patients performed exercises (56.7% male, 45 ± 12.8 years, 57 (9-192) months on HD) and 15 patients comprised the control group (66.7% men, 50 ± 10.6 years, 57 (11-153) months on HD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Exercise program (performed with elastic bands and ankle cuffs in both lower limbs) was supervised three times a week during 6 months (72 sessions). Patients had their blood drawn in a regular HD day after overnight fasting, before and after 6 months of exercise program. Obestatin, acyl-ghrelin, routine biochemical parameters, quality of life, and anthropometric data were collected and analyzed before and after 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 6 months of exercise, obestatin levels reduced [from 3.0 ng/mL (2.3-3.4) to 1.9 ng/mL (0.6-3.4)] and acyl-ghrelin levels increased [from 21.5 pg/mL (1.3-77.7) to 37.2 pg/mL (16.7-94.1)] and the control group presented no significant differences in both plasma levels of hormones. Body composition and physical functional assessed by SF-36 and albumin levels (3.7 ± 0.3 to 3.9 ± 0.2, p < 0.05) improved after exercises.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Six months of resistance exercises contributed to changes in plasma appetite hormones, body composition, and nutritional status in hemodialysis patients.
authors.affiliation: a Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Unidade de Pesquisa Clínica, Fluminense Federal University (UFF) , Niterói, Rio de Janeiro , Brazil .
authors.forename: Cristiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marinho
authors.forename: Julie Calixto
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lobo
authors.forename: Milena B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Stockler-Pinto
authors.forename: Amanda F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.forename: Ludmilla Viana
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: Antonio Claudio Lucas
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: da Nobrega
authors.forename: Maria Luiza Garcia
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.forename: Mafra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Denise
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status / Q000502:physiology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood*; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D054439:Ghrelin
keywords: Chronic kidney disease; ghrelin; hemodialysis; obestatin; physical exercise