title: Test of gross motor development-2 for Filipino children with intellectual disability: validity and reliability.
abstract: This study aimed to examine aspects of validity and reliability of the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2) in Filipino children with intellectual disability. Content and construct validity were verified, as well as inter-rater and intra-rater reliability. Two paediatric physiotherapists tested 81 children with intellectual disability (mean age = 9.29 ± 2.71 years) on locomotor and object control skills. Analysis of covariance, confirmatory factor analysis and analysis of variance were used to test validity, while Cronbach's alpha, intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots were used to examine reliability. Age was a significant predictor of locomotor and object control scores (P = 0.004). The data fit the hypothesised two-factor model with fit indices as follows: χ(2) = 33.525, DF = 34, P = 0.491, χ(2)/DF = 0.986. As hypothesised, gender was a significant predictor for object control skills (P = 0.038). Participants' mean scores were significantly below mastery (locomotor, P < 0.001; object control, P < 0.001). Cronbach's alpha was 0.830 for locomotor and 0.792 for object control components. ICC for locomotor and object control scores ranged from 0.995 to 0.998, suggesting excellent intra-rater and inter-rater reliability, confirmed by Bland-Altman analysis. This study provides evidence of sufficient content and construct validity, internal consistency and rater reliability of TGMD-2 for Filipino children with intellectual disability.
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Human Performance , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , Hong Kong.|b College of Allied Medical Professions , University of the Philippines , Manila , Philippines.
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Capio
authors.affiliation: c Therabilities Inc ., Pasig City , Philippines.|d Communicare Life Skills Development , Paranaque City , Philippines.
authors.forename: Kathlynne F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Eguia
authors.affiliation: e Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences , University of Leuven (KU Leuven) , Leuven , Belgium.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Simons
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D010679:Philippines; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
keywords: child; developing country; intellectual disability; locomotor; object control