title: Relationships Between Simple Toe Elevation Angle in the Standing Position and Dynamic Balance and Fall Risk Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationships between toe elevation ability in the standing position and dynamic balance and fall risk among community-dwelling older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  General community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-dwelling older adults (N = 287).
  
  
  METHODS
  Toe elevation angles in the standing position.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of measurements of the toe elevation angle was high (internal coefficient of correlation [ICC] (1,2) = 0.94 for the former and ICC (2,1) = 0.90 for the latter). Significant correlations were found between the toe elevation angle and age (r = -0.20, P < .01), 5-m walking time (r = -0.31, P < .01), Functional Reach Test (r = 0.36, P < .01), Timed Up and Go Test (r = -0.36, P < .01), and Chair Stand Test (r = 0.26, P < .01). Subjects who experienced a fall in the previous 6 months had a significantly lower toe elevation angle compared with subjects who did not experience a fall (t = 2.19, P < .05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that results of the Functional Reach Test (β = .22, P < .001) and Timed Up and Go Test (β = -0.74, P < .001) were significantly associated with the toe elevation angle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Toe elevation angle was an index of dynamic balance ability and appears to be a simple screening test for fall risk in community-dwelling older adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, 4-2-2, Umami-naka, Koryo, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takatori
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, 4-2-2, Umami-naka, Koryo, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D014034:Toes