title: Saccharina genomes provide novel insight into kelp biology.
abstract: Seaweeds are essential for marine ecosystems and have immense economic value. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of the draft genome of Saccharina japonica, one of the most economically important seaweeds. The 537-Mb assembled genomic sequence covered 98.5% of the estimated genome, and 18,733 protein-coding genes are predicted and annotated. Gene families related to cell wall synthesis, halogen concentration, development and defence systems were expanded. Functional diversification of the mannuronan C-5-epimerase and haloperoxidase gene families provides insight into the evolutionary adaptation of polysaccharide biosynthesis and iodine antioxidation. Additional sequencing of seven cultivars and nine wild individuals reveal that the genetic diversity within wild populations is greater than among cultivars. All of the cultivars are descendants of a wild S. japonica accession showing limited admixture with S. longissima. This study represents an important advance toward improving yields and economic traits in Saccharina and provides an invaluable resource for plant genome studies.
authors.affiliation: Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Naihao
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Xiaowen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: 1] Computational Genomics Lab, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2] College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.affiliation: Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: 1] Computational Genomics Lab, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2] College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Computational Genomics Lab, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Jinfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1] Computational Genomics Lab, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2] College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Dongsheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1] Computational Genomics Lab, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2] College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Yitao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1] Computational Genomics Lab, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2] College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Wenyu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: 1] Computational Genomics Lab, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2] College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Peifeng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biosystems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
authors.forename: Demao
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Changwei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Zhimeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
authors.forename: Zhengquan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Computational Genomics Lab, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Fangqing
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000220:Adaptation, Biological; D005075:Biological Evolution; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism / Q000235:genetics*; D016678:Genome; D023281:Genomics; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D007455:Iodine / Q000378:metabolism*; D044423:Kelp / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family
chemical_list: D007455:Iodine; C414928:vanadium iodoperoxidase; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase