title: Real-time tissue differentiation based on optical emission spectroscopy for guided electrosurgical tumor resection.
abstract: Complete surgical removal of cancer tissue with effective preservation of healthy tissue is one of the most important challenges in modern oncology. We present a method for real-time, in situ differentiation of tissue based on optical emission spectroscopy (OES) performed during electrosurgery not requiring any biomarkers, additional light sources or other excitation processes. The analysis of the optical emission spectra, enables the differentiation of healthy and tumorous tissue. By using multi-class support vector machine (SVM) algorithms, distinguishing between tumor types also seems to be possible. Due to its fast reaction time (0.05s) the method can be used for real-time navigation helping the surgeon achieve complete resection. The system's easy realization has been proven by successful integration in a commercial electro surgical unit (ESU). In a first step the method was verified by using ex vivo tissue samples. The histological analysis confirmed, 95% of correctly classified tissue types.
authors.affiliation: Gisela and Erwin Sick Chair of Micro-optics, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spether
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scharpf
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hennenlotter
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schwentner
authors.affiliation: ERBE Elektromedizin GmbH, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Neugebauer
authors.affiliation: ERBE Elektromedizin GmbH, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nüßle
authors.affiliation: ERBE Elektromedizin GmbH, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.affiliation: Gisela and Erwin Sick Chair of Micro-optics, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zappe
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Arnulf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stenzl
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Falko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fend
authors.affiliation: Gisela and Erwin Sick Chair of Micro-optics, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seifert
authors.affiliation: ERBE Elektromedizin GmbH, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Enderle
keywords: (170.1610) Clinical applications; (170.3890) Medical optics instrumentation; (170.6510) Spectroscopy, tissue diagnostics