title: Injury alters intrinsic functional connectivity within the primate spinal cord.
abstract: Recent demonstrations of correlated low-frequency MRI signal variations between subregions of the spinal cord at rest in humans, similar to those found in the brain, suggest that such resting-state functional connectivity constitutes a common feature of the intrinsic organization of the entire central nervous system. We report our detection of functional connectivity within the spinal cords of anesthetized squirrel monkeys at rest and show that the strength of connectivity within these networks is altered by the effects of injuries. By quantifying the low-frequency MRI signal correlations between different horns within spinal cord gray matter, we found distinct functional connectivity relationships between the different sensory and motor horns, a pattern that was similar to activation patterns evoked by nociceptive heat or tactile stimulation of digits. All horns within a single spinal segment were functionally connected, with the strongest connectivity occurring between ipsilateral dorsal and ventral horns. Each horn was strongly connected to the same horn on neighboring segments, but this connectivity reduced drastically along the spinal cord. Unilateral injury to the spinal cord significantly weakened the strength of the intrasegment horn-to-horn connectivity only on the injury side and in slices below the lesion. These findings suggest resting-state functional connectivity may be a useful biomarker of functional integrity in injured and recovering spinal cords.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Imaging Science and Departments of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Psychology, limin.chen@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: Li Min
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Imaging Science and Departments of Radiology and Radiological Sciences.
authors.forename: Arabinda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: Institute of Imaging Science and Departments of Radiology and Radiological Sciences.
authors.forename: Pai-Feng
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Imaging Science and Departments of Radiology and Radiological Sciences.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Imaging Science and Departments of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, Physics and Astronomy, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gore
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D066128:Gray Matter; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology*; D012146:Rest; D012453:Saimiri / Q000502:physiology*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000473:pathology*; D014110:Touch / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: cervical spinal cord; hand; monkey; resting state fMRI; spinal cord injury