title: Food Fingerprinting: Characterization of the Ecuadorean Type CCN-51 of Theobroma cacao L. Using Microsatellite Markers.
abstract: The cocoa type "Colección Castro Naranjal 51" (CCN-51) is known for its resistance to specific climate conditions and its high yield, but it shows a weaker flavor profile and therefore is marketed as bulk cocoa. In a previous study, the two cocoa types Arriba and CCN-51 could easily be distinguished, but differences among the CCN-51 samples were observed. This was unexpected, as CCN-51 is reported to be a clone. To confirm whether CCN-51 is a pure clone, 10 simple sequence repeats (SSR) located on the nuclear genome were used to analyze various CCN-51 samples in comparison to the cocoa varieties Arriba and Criollo. As expected, there are differences in the SSR pattern among CCN-51, Arriba, and Criollo, but a variability within the CCN-51 sample set was detected as well. The previously described sequence variation in the chloroplast genome was confirmed by a variability in the microsatellite loci of the nuclear genome for a comprehensive cultivar collection of CCN-51 of both bean and leaf samples. In summary, beneath somaclonal variation, misidentification of plant collections and also sexual reproduction of CCN-51 can be suggested.
authors.affiliation: †Hamburg School of Food Science; Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Luise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.affiliation: †Hamburg School of Food Science; Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Felbinger
authors.affiliation: †Hamburg School of Food Science; Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ilka
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Haase
authors.affiliation: ‡Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rudolph
authors.affiliation: †Hamburg School of Food Science; Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Biermann
authors.affiliation: †Hamburg School of Food Science; Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fischer
mesh_terms: D002099:Cacao / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D004484:Ecuador; D014644:Genetic Variation; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D010802:Phylogeny
keywords: CCN-51; Theobroma cacao; clone; microsatellite markers; nuclear DNA