title: Live attenuated vaccines for invasive Salmonella infections.
abstract: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi produces significant morbidity and mortality worldwide despite the fact that there are licensed Salmonella Typhi vaccines available. This is primarily due to the fact that these vaccines are not used in the countries that most need them. There is growing recognition that an effective invasive Salmonella vaccine formulation must also prevent infection due to other Salmonella serovars. We anticipate that a multivalent vaccine that targets the following serovars will be needed to control invasive Salmonella infections worldwide: Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Paratyphi A, Salmonella Paratyphi B (currently uncommon but may become dominant again), Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Choleraesuis (as well as other Group C Salmonella). Live attenuated vaccines are an attractive vaccine formulation for use in developing as well as developed countries. Here, we describe the methods of attenuation that have been used to date to create live attenuated Salmonella vaccines and provide an update on the progress that has been made on these vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: stennant@medicine.umaryland.edu.
authors.forename: Sharon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Tennant
authors.affiliation: Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: mlevine@medicine.umaryland.edu.
authors.forename: Myron M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Levine
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D001208:Asia; D006801:Humans; D012475:Salmonella / Q000276:immunology*; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022562:Salmonella Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D012482:Salmonella paratyphi A / Q000276:immunology; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000276:immunology; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000276:immunology; D065288:Serogroup; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014436:Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D022562:Salmonella Vaccines; D014436:Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated
keywords: Attenuated; Invasive; Live; Salmonella; Vaccine