title: Prevalence and risk factors for patient-reported joint pain among patients with HIV/hepatitis C coinfection, hepatitis C monoinfection, and HIV monoinfection.
abstract: To determine the prevalence of patient-reported joint pain among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection, chronic HCV monoinfection, and HIV monoinfection followed in hepatology and infectious disease outpatient practices.
  
  
  
  Standardized interviews were performed among 79 HIV/HCV-coinfected, 93 HCV-monoinfected, and 30 HIV-monoinfected patients in a cross-sectional study within hepatology and infectious disease clinics at three centers. The Multi-Dimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire was used to ascertain joint pain and associated symptoms. Information on potential risk factors for joint pain was obtained during the interview and by chart review. Logistic regression was used to determine adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of joint pain associated with risk factors of interest among chronic HCV-infected and HIV-infected patients.
  
  
  
  Joint pain was more commonly reported in HCV-monoinfected than HIV/HCV-coinfected (71% versus 56%; p = 0.038) and HIV-monoinfected (71% versus 50%; p = 0.035) patients. A previous diagnosis of arthritis and current smoking were risk factors for joint pain among HCV-infected patients (arthritis: aOR, 4.25; 95% CI, 1.84-9.81; smoking: aOR, 5.02; 95% CI, 2.15-11.74) and HIV-infected (arthritis: aOR, 5.36; 95% CI, 2.01-14.25; smoking: aOR, 6.07; 95% CI, 2.30-16.00) patients.
  
  
  
  Patient-reported joint pain was prevalent among all three groups, but more common among chronic HCV-monoinfected than either HIV/HCV-coinfected or HIV-monoinfected patients. A prior diagnosis of arthritis and current smoking were risk factors for patient-reported joint pain among both HCV-infected and HIV-infected patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Penn Tower Room 1407, 1 Convention Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Alexis.ogdie@uphs.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Alexis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ogdie
authors.affiliation: Maine Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Portland, ME, USA.
authors.forename: Wyki Gina
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. kimberly.forde@uphs.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Kimberly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Forde
authors.affiliation: Seacoast Arthritis and Osteoporosis Center, 10 Members Way, Suite 403, Dover, NH 03820, USA. samirbhangle@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Bhangle D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Samir
authors.affiliation: Perelman School of Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Lakeisha.mulugeta@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Lakeisha
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mulugeta
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. kmchang@mail.med.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Kyong-Mi
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. dakaplan@mail.med.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Valerianna.amorosa@uphs.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Valerianna K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Amorosa
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Jay.kostman@uphs.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Jay R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kostman
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA. Rajendar.reddy@uphs.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Rajender K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. schumacr@mail.med.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Ralph H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Schumacher
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. vincentl@mail.med.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lo Re
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001168:Arthritis / Q000150:complications; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006678:HIV; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016174:Hepacivirus; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires