title: Surface functionalisation of carbon for low cost fabrication of highly stable electrochemical DNA sensors.
abstract: An alternative strategy for surface tethering of DNA probes, where highly reactive glassy carbon (GC) substrates are prepared via electrochemical hydrogenation and electrochemical/chemical chlorination is reported. Thiolated DNA probes and alkanethiols were stably immobilised on the halogenated carbon, with electrochemical chlorination being milder, thus producing less damage to the surface. Electrochemical DNA sensors prepared using this surface chemistry on carbon with electrochemical chlorination providing an improved performance, producing a highly ordered surface and the use of lateral spacers to improve steric accessibility to immobilised probes was not required.
authors.affiliation: Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ahmed M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Debela
authors.affiliation: Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain. Electronic address: mayreli.ortiz@urv.cat.
authors.forename: Mayreli
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.affiliation: Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Valerio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Beni
authors.affiliation: Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; ICREA, Passeig Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: ckosulli@etse.urv.es.
authors.forename: Ciara K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis*; D015342:DNA Probes / Q000737:chemistry*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D054879:Halogenation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D002244:Carbon; D004247:DNA
keywords: Electrochemical DNA sensors; Electrochemical chlorination; Electrochemical hydrogenation; Lateral spacing; Surface chemistry