title: Depressive symptoms and externalizing behaviors among Hispanic immigrant adolescents: Examining longitudinal effects of cultural stress.
abstract: This study examined longitudinal effects of cultural stress (a latent factor comprised of bicultural stress, ethnic discrimination, and negative context of reception) on depressive symptoms and a range of externalizing behaviors among recently (≤5 years in the U.S. at baseline) immigrated Hispanic adolescents. A sample of 302 adolescents (53% boys; mean age 14.51 years) completed baseline measures of perceived ethnic discrimination, bicultural stress, and perceived negative context of reception; and outcome measures of depressive symptoms, cigarette smoking, alcohol use, aggressive behavior, and rule-breaking behavior six months post-baseline. A path analysis indicated that higher cultural stress scores predicted higher levels of all outcomes. These effects were consistent across genders, but varied by study site. Specifically, higher cultural stress scores increased depressive symptoms among participants in Miami, but not in Los Angeles. Findings suggest that cultural stress is a clinically relevant predictor of depressive symptoms and externalizing behaviors among Hispanic immigrant adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Florida International University, United States. Electronic address: mcanojr@fiu.edu.
authors.forename: Miguel Ángel
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: Cano
authors.affiliation: University of Miami, United States.
authors.forename: Seth J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.affiliation: Texas A&M University, United States.
authors.forename: Linda G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.affiliation: University of Arizona, United States.
authors.forename: Andrea J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.affiliation: University of Miami, United States.
authors.forename: Shi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: University of South Carolina, United States.
authors.forename: Elma I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Lorenzo-Blanco
authors.affiliation: University of Southern California, United States.
authors.forename: Jennifer B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Unger
authors.affiliation: Smith College, United States.
authors.forename: Byron L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Zamboanga
authors.affiliation: Barry University, United States.
authors.forename: Sabrina E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Des Rosiers
authors.affiliation: University of Southern California, United States.
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baezconde-Garbanati
authors.affiliation: University of Miami, United States.
authors.forename: Karina M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lizzi
authors.affiliation: University of Southern California, United States.
authors.forename: Daniel W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Soto
authors.affiliation: University of Georgia, United States.
authors.forename: Assaf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oshri
authors.affiliation: Northwestern University, United States.
authors.forename: Juan Andres
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Villamar
authors.affiliation: University of Southern California, United States.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pattarroyo
authors.affiliation: University of Miami, United States.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szapocznik
mesh_terms: D000069:Acculturation; D000293:Adolescent; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology*; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D015141:Los Angeles; D008297:Male; D063505:Racism / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012931:Social Environment; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology
keywords: Conduct problems; Cultural stress; Depressive symptoms; Hispanic adolescents; Immigrants; Substance use