title: Personal exposure to black carbon during commuting in peak and off-peak hours in Shanghai.
abstract: A study on a commuter's exposure to black carbon (BC) in five different traffic modes (taxi, bus, subway, cycling and walking) was conducted in Xuhui District, Shanghai. A commuter's real-time exposure concentrations were recorded by MicroAeth AE51 BC monitors, and the average BC exposure concentration and inhalation dose were analyzed. Data collected by cyclist was applied to characterize the micro-variability in relation to traffic density and street topology. The distance to the traffic and the street topology as well as the volume of heavy diesel trucks were the dominant factors influencing the BC concentrations. In this study, a high variability of BC concentrations between streets and even within streets was observed, and also between days and hour of the day. The average BC exposure concentrations were 5.59±1.02 μg/m(3), 6.58±1.78 μg/m(3), 7.28±1.87 μg/m(3), 8.62±4.13 μg/m(3) and 9.43±2.89 μg/m(3) for walking, cycling, bus, taxi and subway trips, respectively. Exposure levels of in-vehicle microenvironments were 8.66±3.66 μg/m(3), 9.39±6.98 μg/m(3) and 10.96±2.72 μg/m(3) for bus, taxi and subway, respectively. While inhalation doses were 0.68±0.33 μg, 0.95±0.29 μg, 1.36±0.37 μg, 1.50±0.39 μg and 1.58±0.29 μg for taxi, subway, cycling, bus and walking, respectively. BC exposure level of walking was the lowest among all the traffic modes, but its inhalation dose was the highest.
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China; Australia-China Centre for Air Quality Science and Management, Shanghai 200237, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China; Australia-China Centre for Air Quality Science and Management, Shanghai 200237, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-ning
authors.initials: XN
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China; Australia-China Centre for Air Quality Science and Management, Shanghai 200237, China.
authors.forename: Guang-li
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Xiu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai High School, Shanghai 200237, China.
authors.forename: Chi-yuan
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China.
authors.forename: Ni-sheng
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Qian
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001336:Automobiles; D001642:Bicycling; D002681:China; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D011890:Railroads; D053260:Soot / Q000032:analysis*; D014186:Transportation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D053260:Soot; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
keywords: Black carbon; Diesel vehicles; Personal exposure; Road ways; Traffic modes