title: History and current status of bariatric and metabolic surgeries in East Asia.
abstract: Morbid obesity and obesity-related comorbidities are major public health problems around the world, including in East Asia. Although Asian populations have been shown to have an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia at a relatively lower BMI than Western populations, the Asian perspective on bariatric and metabolic surgeries has not been actively discussed until recently. Bariatric surgery in East Asia has undergone a paradigm shift since the first laparoscopic vertical bariatric surgery was performed in Taiwan in 1998, which was subsequently followed by the introduction of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, and mini-gastric bypass. Since 2006, use of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy has remarkably increased because of its ease, speed, and safety. With regard to metabolic surgery, a randomized controlled trial in Taiwan demonstrated that laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is more effective than laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for surgical treatment of poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. In this article, we describe the history of bariatric procedures, revision surgeries, weight-loss effect, and metabolic surgeries in Asian populations, and we also discuss minimally invasive bariatric surgery with some important citations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University, Moriokam, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Umemura
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Min-Sheng General Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wei-Jei
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University, Moriokam, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University, Moriokam, Japan.
authors.forename: Go
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wakabayashi
mesh_terms: D050110:Bariatric Surgery / Q000266:history* / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D005202:Asia, Eastern; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000266:history / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000150:complications / Q000266:history* / Q000601:surgery; D012086:Reoperation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015431:Weight Loss
keywords: Bariatric surgery; gastric bypass; metabolic surgery