title: Standardization and quality control in quantifying non-enzymatic oxidative protein modifications in relation to ageing and disease: Why is it important and why is it hard?
abstract: Post-translational modifications (PTM) of proteins determine the activity, stability, specificity, transportability and lifespan of a protein. Some PTM are highly specific and regulated involving various enzymatic pathways, but there are other non-enzymatic PTM (nePTM), which occur stochastically, depend on the ternary structure of proteins and can be damaging. It is often observed that inactive and abnormal proteins accumulate in old cells and tissues. The nature, site and extent of nePTM give rise to a population of that specific protein with alterations in structure and function ranging from being fully active to totally inactive molecules. Determination of the type and the amount (abundance) of nePTM is essential for establishing connection between specific protein structure and specific biological role. This article summarizes analytical demands for reliable quantification of nePTM, including requirements for the assay performance, standardization and quality control, and points to the difficulties, uncertainties and un-resolved issues.
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. Electronic address: olgica@inep.co.rs.
authors.forename: Olgica
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nedić
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Denmark University, Odense, Denmark. Electronic address: adelinar@bmb.sdu.dk.
authors.forename: Adelina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rogowska-Wrzesinska
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. Electronic address: rattan@mbg.au.dk.
authors.forename: Suresh I S
authors.initials: SIS
authors.lastname: Rattan
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000592:standards; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010455:Peptides / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011786:Quality Control; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; D011506:Proteins
keywords: Ageing; Health; Protein damage; Protein modification; Quality control; Quantification; Standardization