title: Effects of Prebiotic and Synbiotic Supplementation on Inflammatory Markers and Anthropometric Indices After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Randomized, Triple-blind, Placebo-controlled Pilot Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies have shown that prebiotics and synbiotics modulate the intestinal microbiota and may have beneficial effects on the immune response and anthropometric indices; however, the impact of the use of these supplements after bariatric surgery is not yet known.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the effects of prebiotic and synbiotic supplementation on inflammatory markers and anthropometric indices in individuals undergoing open Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this randomized, controlled, and triple-blind trial conducted as a pilot study, individuals undergoing RYGB (n=9) and healthy individuals (n=9) were supplemented with 6 g/d of placebo (maltodextrin), prebiotic (fructo-oligosaccharide, FOS), or synbiotic (FOS+Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria strains) for 15 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein, albumin, and the C-reactive protein/albumin ratio showed no significant changes on comparison between groups after supplementation. The reduction in the body weight of patients undergoing RYGB was 53.8% higher in the prebiotic group compared with the placebo group (-0.7 kg, P=0.001), whereas the reduction in the BMI and the increase in the percentage of excess weight loss were higher in the placebo and the prebiotic groups compared with the synbiotic group (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Supplementation of FOS increased weight loss, whereas both prebiotics and synbiotics were not able to promote significant changes in inflammatory markers, although in most analyses, there was a reduction in their absolute values. The use of FOS may represent a potential adjunct in the treatment of obesity.
authors.affiliation: *Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition †Post-Graduate Program in Pharmacy ‡Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago University Hospital Departments of §Clinical Analysis and Post-Graduate Program in Pharmacy and in Medical Sciences ∥Physiology and Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition and in Physiological Sciences ¶Nutrition and Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: Bruna T S
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Beserra
authors.forename: Michel C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Mocellin
authors.forename: Marilyn G F
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Kuntz
authors.forename: Julia S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: da Rosa
authors.forename: Rafaella C D
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: de Miranda
authors.forename: Cristina S O
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Schreiber
authors.forename: Tânia S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Fröde
authors.forename: Everson A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.forename: Erasmo B S M
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Trindade
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000713:Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D015340:Epidemiologic Research Design; D005260:Female; D015390:Gastric Bypass; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D056692:Prebiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D058616:Synbiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D015431:Weight Loss; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D056692:Prebiotics; D012709:Serum Albumin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C116580:fructooligosaccharide; D002097:C-Reactive Protein