title: Sex-specific food intake in whiting Merlangius merlangus.
abstract: In this study, the topic of sexual growth dimorphism in whiting Merlangius merlangus is examined. To understand the magnitude and underlying mechanisms, North Sea International Bottom Trawl Survey (IBTS) data and two additional datasets from the third quarter of 2007 and the first quarter of 2012 were analysed. Merlangius merlangus displays distinct differences in growth parameters between males and females, with females reaching a higher asymptotic length (L∞ ) than males. To identify the mechanisms which lead to higher growth in females, the quantity and the quality of the diet of M. merlangus in the North Sea were investigated to compare the sex-specific energy uptake levels. The diet composition did not differ between the sexes, but females had higher stomach content masses than males of the same total length (LT ), and showed lower proportions of empty stomachs. Moreover, female M. merlangus had higher liver and empty stomach masses compared with males of the same size, which indicates additional sex-specific differences in the metabolic costs and energy allocation patterns. Finally, interannual differences were found in the stomach contents, the share of empty stomachs and liver masses of M. merlangus in the North Sea.
authors.affiliation: Hamburg University, Institute for Hydrobiology and Fisheries Science, Olbersweg 24, 22767 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: R A M
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Lauerburg
authors.affiliation: Thünen Institute of Sea Fisheries, Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Keyl
authors.affiliation: Thünen Institute of Baltic Sea Fisheries, Alter Hafen Süd 2, 18069 Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kotterba
authors.affiliation: Hamburg University, Institute for Hydrobiology and Fisheries Science, Olbersweg 24, 22767 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Floeter
authors.affiliation: Hamburg University, Institute for Hydrobiology and Fisheries Science, Olbersweg 24, 22767 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Temming
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049628:Body Size; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D048388:Gadiformes / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents; D008099:Liver / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008297:Male; D009659:North Sea; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013270:Stomach / Q000033:anatomy & histology
keywords: North Sea; condition indices; gadoids; sexual growth dimorphism; stomach content analysis