title: Protein kinase Cη polymorphism and the susceptibility to ischemic stroke in the Taiwan population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prior studies suggested that protein kinase Cη (PRKCH) 1425G/A polymorphism was associated with lacunar infarction. This study examined whether the association was independent of traditional risk factors in each of the stroke subtypes.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 206 ischemic stroke patients and 337 controls. Multivariable logistic regression was used for analyses. Co-variables of age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), and smoking were included to delineate independency of associations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PRKCH 1425G/A was associated with ischemic stroke [odds ratio (OR) =1.5, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1-2.2, p = 0.024] when adjusted for age and sex. However, the significance of association became borderline when adjusted for co-variables (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.004-2.3, p = 0.048). Of the infarction subtypes, PRKCH 1425G/A was associated with lacunar infarction (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1-2.9, p = 0.025), which remained significant when adjusted for co-variables (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1-3.5, p = 0.015). No association was found between the polymorphism and the other infarction subtypes. When stratified by age group, the magnitude of significance became stronger in patients >65 years old. Specifically, PRKCH 1425G/A was significantly associated with ischemic stroke in patients older than 65 years, when adjusted for all co-variables (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.05-3.8, p = 0.036). Still, in patients older than 65 years, the association was only observed in lacunar infarction when adjusted for all co-variables (OR = 4.2, 95% CI: 1.7-10, p = 0.001). No association of PRKCH 1425G/A with stroke and any of the subtypes was identified in patients >65 years old.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The association between PRKCH 1425G/A and lacunar infarction was independent of traditional stroke risk factors. PRKCH 1425G/A in stroke susceptibility differed between infarction subtypes and age groups.
authors.forename: Yi-Chun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chi-Jui
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Phoebe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yih-Ru
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shian-Sen
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Shie
authors.forename: Sien-Tsong
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Guey-Jen
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Lee-Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chiung-Mei
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000201:enzymology; D007511:Ischemia / Q000201:enzymology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000235:genetics*; D020521:Stroke / Q000201:enzymology*; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: C081975:protein kinase C eta; D011493:Protein Kinase C