title: Functional analysis and transcriptomic profiling of iPSC-derived macrophages and their application in modeling Mendelian disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An efficient and reproducible source of genotype-specific human macrophages is essential for study of human macrophage biology and related diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To perform integrated functional and transcriptome analyses of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived macrophages (IPSDMs) and their isogenic human peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived macrophage (HMDM) counterparts and assess the application of IPSDM in modeling macrophage polarization and Mendelian disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We developed an efficient protocol for differentiation of IPSDM, which expressed macrophage-specific markers and took up modified lipoproteins in a similar manner to HMDM. Like HMDM, IPSDM revealed reduction in phagocytosis, increase in cholesterol efflux capacity and characteristic secretion of inflammatory cytokines in response to M1 (lipopolysaccharide+interferon-γ) activation. RNA-Seq revealed that nonpolarized (M0) as well as M1 or M2 (interleukin-4) polarized IPSDM shared transcriptomic profiles with their isogenic HMDM counterparts while also revealing novel markers of macrophage polarization. Relative to IPSDM and HMDM of control individuals, patterns of defective cholesterol efflux to apolipoprotein A-I and high-density lipoprotein-3 were qualitatively and quantitatively similar in IPSDM and HMDM of patients with Tangier disease, an autosomal recessive disorder because of mutations in ATP-binding cassette transporter AI. Tangier disease-IPSDM also revealed novel defects of enhanced proinflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide stimulus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our protocol-derived IPSDM are comparable with HMDM at phenotypic, functional, and transcriptomic levels. Tangier disease-IPSDM recapitulated hallmark features observed in HMDM and revealed novel inflammatory phenotypes. IPSDMs provide a powerful tool for study of macrophage-specific function in human genetic disorders as well as molecular studies of human macrophage activation and polarization.
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Institute (H.Z., C.X., R.S., K.B., C.C.H., W.L., A.R., J.T.-M., E.E.P., E.E.M., D.J.R., M.P.R.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (M.L.), Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (A.R., M.C., E.E.P., D.J.R.), Department of Medicine, Metabolic Tracer Resource, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (J.S.M.), Institute for Regenerative Medicine (Y.L., R.Y., W.Y., E.E.M.), Department of Biology, Perelman School of Medicine and School of Arts and Science (S.J.G., B.D.G.), PENN Genome Frontiers Institute (S.J.G., B.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine (S.T.C.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine (E.E.M.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (D.V., S.T.C.).
authors.forename: Hanrui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Institute (H.Z., C.X., R.S., K.B., C.C.H., W.L., A.R., J.T.-M., E.E.P., E.E.M., D.J.R., M.P.R.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (M.L.), Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (A.R., M.C., E.E.P., D.J.R.), Department of Medicine, Metabolic Tracer Resource, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (J.S.M.), Institute for Regenerative Medicine (Y.L., R.Y., W.Y., E.E.M.), Department of Biology, Perelman School of Medicine and School of Arts and Science (S.J.G., B.D.G.), PENN Genome Frontiers Institute (S.J.G., B.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine (S.T.C.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine (E.E.M.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (D.V., S.T.C.).
authors.forename: Chenyi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Institute (H.Z., C.X., R.S., K.B., C.C.H., W.L., A.R., J.T.-M., E.E.P., E.E.M., D.J.R., M.P.R.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (M.L.), Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (A.R., M.C., E.E.P., D.J.R.), Department of Medicine, Metabolic Tracer Resource, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (J.S.M.), Institute for Regenerative Medicine (Y.L., R.Y., W.Y., E.E.M.), Department of Biology, Perelman School of Medicine and School of Arts and Science (S.J.G., B.D.G.), PENN Genome Frontiers Institute (S.J.G., B.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine (S.T.C.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine (E.E.M.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (D.V., S.T.C.).
authors.forename: Rhia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Institute (H.Z., C.X., R.S., K.B., C.C.H., W.L., A.R., J.T.-M., E.E.P., E.E.M., D.J.R., M.P.R.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (M.L.), Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (A.R., M.C., E.E.P., D.J.R.), Department of Medicine, Metabolic Tracer Resource, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (J.S.M.), Institute for Regenerative Medicine (Y.L., R.Y., W.Y., E.E.M.), Department of Biology, Perelman School of Medicine and School of Arts and Science (S.J.G., B.D.G.), PENN Genome Frontiers Institute (S.J.G., B.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine (S.T.C.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine (E.E.M.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (D.V., S.T.C.).
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bermingham
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Institute (H.Z., C.X., R.S., K.B., C.C.H., W.L., A.R., J.T.-M., E.E.P., E.E.M., D.J.R., M.P.R.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (M.L.), Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (A.R., M.C., E.E.P., D.J.R.), Department of Medicine, Metabolic Tracer Resource, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (J.S.M.), Institute for Regenerative Medicine (Y.L., R.Y., W.Y., E.E.M.), Department of Biology, Perelman School of Medicine and School of Arts and Science (S.J.G., B.D.G.), PENN Genome Frontiers Institute (S.J.G., B.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine (S.T.C.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine (E.E.M.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (D.V., S.T.C.).
authors.forename: Christine C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hinkle
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Institute (H.Z., C.X., R.S., K.B., C.C.H., W.L., A.R., J.T.-M., E.E.P., E.E.M., D.J.R., M.P.R.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (M.L.), Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (A.R., M.C., E.E.P., D.J.R.), Department of Medicine, Metabolic Tracer Resource, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (J.S.M.), Institute for Regenerative Medicine (Y.L., R.Y., W.Y., E.E.M.), Department of Biology, Perelman School of Medicine and School of Arts and Science (S.J.G., B.D.G.), PENN Genome Frontiers Institute (S.J.G., B.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine (S.T.C.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine (E.E.M.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (D.V., S.T.C.).
authors.forename: Wenjun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Institute (H.Z., C.X., R.S., K.B., C.C.H., W.L., A.R., J.T.-M., E.E.P., E.E.M., D.J.R., M.P.R.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (M.L.), Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (A.R., M.C., E.E.P., D.J.R.), Department of Medicine, Metabolic Tracer Resource, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (J.S.M.), Institute for Regenerative Medicine (Y.L., R.Y., W.Y., E.E.M.), Department of Biology, Perelman School of Medicine and School of Arts and Science (S.J.G., B.D.G.), PENN Genome Frontiers Institute (S.J.G., B.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine (S.T.C.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine (E.E.M.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (D.V., S.T.C.).
authors.forename: Amrith
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Institute (H.Z., C.X., R.S., K.B., C.C.H., W.L., A.R., J.T.-M., E.E.P., E.E.M., D.J.R., M.P.R.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (M.L.), Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (A.R., M.C., E.E.P., D.J.R.), Department of Medicine, Metabolic Tracer Resource, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (J.S.M.), Institute for Regenerative Medicine (Y.L., R.Y., W.Y., E.E.M.), Department of Biology, Perelman School of Medicine and School of Arts and Science (S.J.G., B.D.G.), PENN Genome Frontiers Institute (S.J.G., B.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine (S.T.C.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine (E.E.M.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (D.V., S.T.C.).
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tabita-Martinez
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Institute (H.Z., C.X., R.S., K.B., C.C.H., W.L., A.R., J.T.-M., E.E.P., E.E.M., D.J.R., M.P.R.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (M.L.), Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (A.R., M.C., E.E.P., D.J.R.), Department of Medicine, Metabolic Tracer Resource, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (J.S.M.), Institute for Regenerative Medicine (Y.L., R.Y., W.Y., E.E.M.), Department of Biology, Perelman School of Medicine and School of Arts and Science (S.J.G., B.D.G.), PENN Genome Frontiers Institute (S.J.G., B.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine (S.T.C.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine (E.E.M.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (D.V., S.T.C.).
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Millar
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Institute (H.Z., C.X., R.S., K.B., C.C.H., W.L., A.R., J.T.-M., E.E.P., E.E.M., D.J.R., M.P.R.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (M.L.), Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (A.R., M.C., E.E.P., D.J.R.), Department of Medicine, Metabolic Tracer Resource, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (J.S.M.), Institute for Regenerative Medicine (Y.L., R.Y., W.Y., E.E.M.), Department of Biology, Perelman School of Medicine and School of Arts and Science (S.J.G., B.D.G.), PENN Genome Frontiers Institute (S.J.G., B.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine (S.T.C.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine (E.E.M.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (D.V., S.T.C.).
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cuchel
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Institute (H.Z., C.X., R.S., K.B., C.C.H., W.L., A.R., J.T.-M., E.E.P., E.E.M., D.J.R., M.P.R.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (M.L.), Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (A.R., M.C., E.E.P., D.J.R.), Department of Medicine, Metabolic Tracer Resource, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (J.S.M.), Institute for Regenerative Medicine (Y.L., R.Y., W.Y., E.E.M.), Department of Biology, Perelman School of Medicine and School of Arts and Science (S.J.G., B.D.G.), PENN Genome Frontiers Institute (S.J.G., B.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine (S.T.C.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine (E.E.M.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (D.V., S.T.C.).
authors.forename: Evanthia E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Pashos
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Institute (H.Z., C.X., R.S., K.B., C.C.H., W.L., A.R., J.T.-M., E.E.P., E.E.M., D.J.R., M.P.R.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (M.L.), Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (A.R., M.C., E.E.P., D.J.R.), Department of Medicine, Metabolic Tracer Resource, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (J.S.M.), Institute for Regenerative Medicine (Y.L., R.Y., W.Y., E.E.M.), Department of Biology, Perelman School of Medicine and School of Arts and Science (S.J.G., B.D.G.), PENN Genome Frontiers Institute (S.J.G., B.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine (S.T.C.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine (E.E.M.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (D.V., S.T.C.).
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Institute (H.Z., C.X., R.S., K.B., C.C.H., W.L., A.R., J.T.-M., E.E.P., E.E.M., D.J.R., M.P.R.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (M.L.), Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (A.R., M.C., E.E.P., D.J.R.), Department of Medicine, Metabolic Tracer Resource, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (J.S.M.), Institute for Regenerative Medicine (Y.L., R.Y., W.Y., E.E.M.), Department of Biology, Perelman School of Medicine and School of Arts and Science (S.J.G., B.D.G.), PENN Genome Frontiers Institute (S.J.G., B.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine (S.T.C.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine (E.E.M.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (D.V., S.T.C.).
authors.forename: Ruilan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Institute (H.Z., C.X., R.S., K.B., C.C.H., W.L., A.R., J.T.-M., E.E.P., E.E.M., D.J.R., M.P.R.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (M.L.), Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (A.R., M.C., E.E.P., D.J.R.), Department of Medicine, Metabolic Tracer Resource, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (J.S.M.), Institute for Regenerative Medicine (Y.L., R.Y., W.Y., E.E.M.), Department of Biology, Perelman School of Medicine and School of Arts and Science (S.J.G., B.D.G.), PENN Genome Frontiers Institute (S.J.G., B.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine (S.T.C.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine (E.E.M.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (D.V., S.T.C.).
authors.forename: Wenli
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Institute (H.Z., C.X., R.S., K.B., C.C.H., W.L., A.R., J.T.-M., E.E.P., E.E.M., D.J.R., M.P.R.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (M.L.), Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (A.R., M.C., E.E.P., D.J.R.), Department of Medicine, Metabolic Tracer Resource, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (J.S.M.), Institute for Regenerative Medicine (Y.L., R.Y., W.Y., E.E.M.), Department of Biology, Perelman School of Medicine and School of Arts and Science (S.J.G., B.D.G.), PENN Genome Frontiers Institute (S.J.G., B.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine (S.T.C.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine (E.E.M.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (D.V., S.T.C.).
authors.forename: Sager J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Gosai
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Institute (H.Z., C.X., R.S., K.B., C.C.H., W.L., A.R., J.T.-M., E.E.P., E.E.M., D.J.R., M.P.R.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (M.L.), Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (A.R., M.C., E.E.P., D.J.R.), Department of Medicine, Metabolic Tracer Resource, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (J.S.M.), Institute for Regenerative Medicine (Y.L., R.Y., W.Y., E.E.M.), Department of Biology, Perelman School of Medicine and School of Arts and Science (S.J.G., B.D.G.), PENN Genome Frontiers Institute (S.J.G., B.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine (S.T.C.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine (E.E.M.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (D.V., S.T.C.).
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: VanDorn
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Institute (H.Z., C.X., R.S., K.B., C.C.H., W.L., A.R., J.T.-M., E.E.P., E.E.M., D.J.R., M.P.R.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (M.L.), Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (A.R., M.C., E.E.P., D.J.R.), Department of Medicine, Metabolic Tracer Resource, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (J.S.M.), Institute for Regenerative Medicine (Y.L., R.Y., W.Y., E.E.M.), Department of Biology, Perelman School of Medicine and School of Arts and Science (S.J.G., B.D.G.), PENN Genome Frontiers Institute (S.J.G., B.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine (S.T.C.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine (E.E.M.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (D.V., S.T.C.).
authors.forename: Stella T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Institute (H.Z., C.X., R.S., K.B., C.C.H., W.L., A.R., J.T.-M., E.E.P., E.E.M., D.J.R., M.P.R.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (M.L.), Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (A.R., M.C., E.E.P., D.J.R.), Department of Medicine, Metabolic Tracer Resource, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (J.S.M.), Institute for Regenerative Medicine (Y.L., R.Y., W.Y., E.E.M.), Department of Biology, Perelman School of Medicine and School of Arts and Science (S.J.G., B.D.G.), PENN Genome Frontiers Institute (S.J.G., B.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine (S.T.C.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine (E.E.M.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (D.V., S.T.C.).
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Gregory
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Institute (H.Z., C.X., R.S., K.B., C.C.H., W.L., A.R., J.T.-M., E.E.P., E.E.M., D.J.R., M.P.R.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (M.L.), Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (A.R., M.C., E.E.P., D.J.R.), Department of Medicine, Metabolic Tracer Resource, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (J.S.M.), Institute for Regenerative Medicine (Y.L., R.Y., W.Y., E.E.M.), Department of Biology, Perelman School of Medicine and School of Arts and Science (S.J.G., B.D.G.), PENN Genome Frontiers Institute (S.J.G., B.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine (S.T.C.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine (E.E.M.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (D.V., S.T.C.).
authors.forename: Edward E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Morrisey
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Institute (H.Z., C.X., R.S., K.B., C.C.H., W.L., A.R., J.T.-M., E.E.P., E.E.M., D.J.R., M.P.R.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (M.L.), Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (A.R., M.C., E.E.P., D.J.R.), Department of Medicine, Metabolic Tracer Resource, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (J.S.M.), Institute for Regenerative Medicine (Y.L., R.Y., W.Y., E.E.M.), Department of Biology, Perelman School of Medicine and School of Arts and Science (S.J.G., B.D.G.), PENN Genome Frontiers Institute (S.J.G., B.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine (S.T.C.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine (E.E.M.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (D.V., S.T.C.).
authors.forename: Mingyao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Institute (H.Z., C.X., R.S., K.B., C.C.H., W.L., A.R., J.T.-M., E.E.P., E.E.M., D.J.R., M.P.R.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (M.L.), Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (A.R., M.C., E.E.P., D.J.R.), Department of Medicine, Metabolic Tracer Resource, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (J.S.M.), Institute for Regenerative Medicine (Y.L., R.Y., W.Y., E.E.M.), Department of Biology, Perelman School of Medicine and School of Arts and Science (S.J.G., B.D.G.), PENN Genome Frontiers Institute (S.J.G., B.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine (S.T.C.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine (E.E.M.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (D.V., S.T.C.).
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Rader
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Institute (H.Z., C.X., R.S., K.B., C.C.H., W.L., A.R., J.T.-M., E.E.P., E.E.M., D.J.R., M.P.R.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (M.L.), Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (A.R., M.C., E.E.P., D.J.R.), Department of Medicine, Metabolic Tracer Resource, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (J.S.M.), Institute for Regenerative Medicine (Y.L., R.Y., W.Y., E.E.M.), Department of Biology, Perelman School of Medicine and School of Arts and Science (S.J.G., B.D.G.), PENN Genome Frontiers Institute (S.J.G., B.D.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine (S.T.C.), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine (E.E.M.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (D.V., S.T.C.). muredach@mail.med.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Muredach P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Reilly
mesh_terms: D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000032:analysis; D001483:Base Sequence; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D058732:Embryoid Bodies / Q000166:cytology; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010587:Phagocytosis; D010641:Phenotype; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D013631:Tangier Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D059467:Transcriptome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D002784:Cholesterol; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C577836:ABCA1 protein, human; C577833:Abca1 protein, mouse
keywords: cholesterol; genomics; induced pluripotent stem cells; inflammation; macrophages