title: Immunohistochemical predictors in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and floor of the mouth.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of the immunoexpression of Ki-67, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C, and VEGF-D in predicting follow-up treatment in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue and floor of the mouth (FOM).
  
  
  
  Marker expression was evaluated in surgical specimens taken from 60 patients who underwent surgery because of primary SCC without prior therapy.
  
  
  
  Strong MMP-2 expression was positively correlated with a higher risk of nodal recurrence (p = .047). Strong VEGF-C expression was found in patients with distant metastases (p = .008). Cox's regression model showed high Ki-67, MMP-2, and VEGF-C expression, which were independent predictors of disease-specific survival (p = .001, p = .002, and p < .001, respectively).
  
  
  
  It seems that targeting MMP-2 and VEGF-C may improve local control, thereby reducing the risk of distant metastasis in patients with SCC of the tongue and FOM. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E747-E753, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Rydygier Hospital, Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gontarz
authors.affiliation: Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Rydygier Hospital, Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Grażyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wyszyńska-Pawelec
authors.affiliation: Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Rydygier Hospital, Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zapała
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Czopek
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lazar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Romana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tomaszewska
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D009060:Mouth Floor / Q000473:pathology*; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000473:pathology; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C467486:VEGFC protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2
keywords: Ki-67 antigen; gelatinases; oral squamous cell carcinoma; vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C; vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-D