title: A high density GBS map of bread wheat and its application for dissecting complex disease resistance traits.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) is a high-throughput genotyping approach that is starting to be used in several crop species, including bread wheat. Anchoring GBS tags on chromosomes is an important step towards utilizing them for wheat genetic improvement. Here we use genetic linkage mapping to construct a consensus map containing 28644 GBS markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three RIL populations, PBW343 × Kingbird, PBW343 × Kenya Swara and PBW343 × Muu, which share a common parent, were used to minimize the impact of potential structural genomic variation on consensus-map quality. The consensus map comprised 3757 unique positions, and the average marker distance was 0.88 cM, obtained by calculating the average distance between two adjacent unique positions. Significant variation of segregation distortion was observed across the three populations. The consensus map was validated by comparing positions of known rust resistance genes, and comparing them to wheat reference genome sequences recently published by the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium, Rye and Ae. tauschii genomes. Three well-characterized rust resistance genes (Sr58/Lr46/Yr29, Sr2/Yr30/Lr27, and Sr57/Lr34/Yr18) and 15 published QTLs for wheat rusts were validated with high resolution. Fifty-two per cent of GBS tags on the consensus map were successfully aligned through BLAST to the right chromosomes on the wheat reference genome sequence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The consensus map should provide a useful basis for analyzing genome-wide variation of complex traits. The identified genes can then be explored as genetic markers to be used in genomic applications in wheat breeding.
authors.affiliation: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. H.Li@cgiar.org.|Institute of Crop Science, CIMMYT-China Office, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China. H.Li@cgiar.org.
authors.forename: Huihui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. P.Vikram@cgiar.org.
authors.forename: Prashant
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vikram
authors.affiliation: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. R.SINGH@CGIAR.ORG.
authors.forename: Ravi Prakash
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Diversity Array Technologies, DArT, Canberra, Australia. zej@diversityarrays.com.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kilian
authors.affiliation: Diversity Array Technologies, DArT, Canberra, Australia. son@diversityarrays.com.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carling
authors.affiliation: Diversity Array Technologies, DArT, Canberra, Australia. Jie@diversityarrays.com.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. J.Burgueno@cgiar.org.
authors.forename: Juan Andres
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Burgueno-Ferreira
authors.affiliation: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. S.Bhavani@cgiar.org.
authors.forename: Sridhar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhavani
authors.affiliation: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. J.HUERTA@CGIAR.ORG.
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huerta-Espino
authors.affiliation: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. t.payne@CGIAR.ORG.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.affiliation: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. D.Sehgal@cgiar.org.
authors.forename: Deepmala
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sehgal
authors.affiliation: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. p.wenzl@cgxchange.org.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wenzl
authors.affiliation: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. suk.singh@cgiar.org.
authors.forename: Sukhwinder
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D032461:Chromosomes, Plant; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D005819:Genetic Markers; D018745:Genome, Plant; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing / Q000379:methods; D007178:Inbreeding; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci; D019655:Quantitative Trait, Heritable; D014908:Triticum / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers