title: Canine vector-borne infections in Mauritius.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Canine vector-borne diseases have a worldwide distribution, but to the best of our knowledge, no research has been carried out to evaluate their presence on the Indian Ocean island of Mauritius. An investigation into canine vector-borne infections was conducted in dogs (n = 78) resident at an animal shelter in Port Louis, Mauritius using a combination of traditional microscopy and serological methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ticks were manually collected from the stray dog population for identification as well as for quantifying tick burdens. Blood was also collected from each dog via either the jugular vein or the cephalic vein, and was stored in EDTA tubes. The stored blood was then used to measure PCV values, make blood smears for the identification of parasites, and used for serological testing of vector-borne disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 178 ticks were collected from 52 dogs and identified as Rhipicephalus sanguineus (175/178) or Amblyomma variegatum (3/178). Twenty-six (33%; 95% CI 23, 45) dogs were seropositive for Ehrlichia spp., and 12 (15%; 95% CI 8, 25) for Anaplasma spp., Dirofilaria antigen was detected in 14 (18%; 95% CI 10, 28), and nine (12%; 95% CI 5, 21) dogs had Hepatozoon canis gamonts observed in blood films during microscopic examination. Eleven (14%; 95% CI 7, 24) dogs were co-infected with two pathogens. Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies were not detected in any dogs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infection with these pathogens had no significant effect on the packed cell volume (PCV), but high tick burdens were significantly associated with the presence of a tick-borne pathogen. This is the first study of its kind on the dog population in Mauritius and demonstrates the presence of previously undocumented canine vector-borne infections on the island. The relatively high proportion of infected dogs within the study should alert clinicians to the presence of canine vector-borne diseases on the island of Mauritius.
authors.affiliation: Vector and Water-Borne Pathogen Research Group, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia. gkc.lee@iinet.net.au.
authors.forename: Gary Kwok Cheong
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam Animal Hospital, Mauritius Society for Animal Welfare, Rose Hill, Mauritius. jaeign@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Jean Alain Ean
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ignace
authors.affiliation: Vector and Water-Borne Pathogen Research Group, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia. I.Robertson@murdoch.edu.au.
authors.forename: Ian Duncan
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.affiliation: Vector and Water-Borne Pathogen Research Group, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia. P.Irwin@murdoch.edu.au.
authors.forename: Peter John
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Irwin
mesh_terms: D000709:Anaplasma / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000712:Anaplasmosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D000818:Animals; D016782:Apicomplexa / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004182:Dirofilaria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004184:Dirofilariasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D004285:Dogs; D041061:Ehrlichia canis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016873:Ehrlichiosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D026863:Ixodidae / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000469:parasitology*; D008297:Male; D008436:Mauritius / Q000453:epidemiology; D011529:Protozoan Infections, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology; D017282:Tick-Borne Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*