title: Entamoeba histolytica: protein arginine transferase 1a methylates arginine residues and potentially modify the H4 histone.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In eukaryotes, histone arginine methylation associates with both active and repressed chromatin states depending on the residues involved and the status of methylation. Even when the amino-terminus of Entamoeba histolytica histones diverge from metazoan sequences, these regions contain arginine residues that are potential targets for methylation. However, histone arginine methylation as well as the activity of arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) has not been studied in this parasite. The aim of this work was to examine the dimethylation of arginine 3 of H4 histone (H4R3me2) and to identify the parasite PRMT that could be responsible for this modification (EhPRMT1).
  
  
  METHODS
  To examine the presence of H4R3me2 in E histolytica, we performed Western blot and immunofluorescence assays on trophozoites using an antibody against this epigenetic mark. To recognize the PRMT1 enzyme of this parasite that possibly perform that modification, we first performed a phylogenetic analysis of E. histolytica and human PRMTs. RT-PCR assays were carried out to analyze the expression of the putative PRMT1 genes. One of these genes was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein was tested by its recognition by an antibody against human PRMT1 and in its ability to form homodimers and to methylate commercial histones.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The arginine 3 of human H4, which is subjected to post translational methylation, was aligned with the arginine 8 of E. histolytica H4, suggesting that this residue could be methylated. The recognition of an 18 kDa nuclear protein of E. histolytica by an antibody against H4R3me2 confirmed this assumption. We found that this parasite expresses three phylogenetic and structural proteins related to PRMT1. Antibodies against the human PRMT1 detected E. histolytica proteins in cytoplasm and nuclei and recognized a recombinant PRMT1 of this parasite. The recombinant protein was able to form homodimers and homotetramers and displayed methyltransferase activity on arginine 3 of chicken H4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All these results suggest that E. histolytica contains as a minimum one structural and functional protein ortholog to PRMT1, enzyme that potentially dimethylates H4R8. This modification may play an important role in the gene expression regulation of this microorganism.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, A.P. 14-740, México, D.F., 07000, Mexico. yessybv290886@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Borbolla-Vázquez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, A.P. 14-740, México, D.F., 07000, Mexico. orozco.esther@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Orozco
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, A.P. 14-740, México, D.F., 07000, Mexico. abigailbetanzos@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Abigail
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Betanzos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, A.P. 14-740, México, D.F., 07000, Mexico. marodri@cinvestav.mx.
authors.forename: Mario A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004748:Entamoeba histolytica / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008745:Methylation; D055503:Protein Multimerization; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D011484:Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D006657:Histones; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D001120:Arginine; D011484:Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases