title: Application of a new nanocarbonaceous sorbent in electromembrane surrounded solid phase microextraction for analysis of amphetamine and methamphetamine in human urine and whole blood.
abstract: Application of a new carbon-based sorbent was studied for the first time for extraction and quantification of amphetamine and methamphetamine as model analytes by means of electromembrane surrounded solid phase microextraction (EM-SPME). Since the basis of this microextraction method is adsorption of target analytes on the sorbent surface (after transferring across a supported liquid membrane) in an electrical field, the sorbent, which also performs the electrical potential, should have a conductive nature. On the other hand, using a synthesized fiber is a suitable solution to eliminate the interfering compounds existing in the fiber. To extract the model analytes from acidic sample solution through a thin layer of organic phase and into the aqueous acceptor phase and their final adsorption, 150V electrical potential was applied for 15min. Regardless of the high sample cleanup ability of the proposed method, which makes the analysis of complicated biological fluids possible, admissible extraction recoveries (9.0-18.8%) and suitable detection limits (less than 2.0ngmL(-1)) were obtained. Repeatability and reproducibility of the method were studied and intra- and inter-assay precisions were in the ranges of 2.0-7.3% and 7.5-12.5%, respectively. Coefficients of determination larger than 0.9964 were achieved by scrutinizing of the linearity up to 500ngmL(-1) and calibration curves were utilized for quantification of analytes of interest in human urine and whole blood samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rezazadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: yyamini@modares.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Yadollah
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamini
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Shahram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seidi
mesh_terms: D000661:Amphetamine / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D002138:Calibration; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D053758:Nanoparticles; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D008694:Methamphetamine; D000661:Amphetamine
keywords: Electromembrane surrounded solid phase microextraction; Flame-based prepared fiber; Gas chromatography; Urine; Whole blood