title: Neuregulin1β improves cognitive dysfunction and up-regulates expression of p-ERK1/2 in rats with chronic omethoate poisoning.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the effects of neuregulin1β (NRG1β) on the level of phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2), and explore the therapeutic mechanism of NRG1β on the cognitive dysfunction in rats with chronic omethoate poisoning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats with strong learning and memory ability, 50 in total, were selected by Y-electric maze test. Among which, 15 rats were randomly selected into control group, and the rest 35 rats were used to establish experimental cognitive impairment models by being injected with omethoate subcutaneously. The 30 cases of successful cognitive impairment models were randomly divided into model group and treated group consisting of 15 rats, respectively. Then rats in treated group were injected with NRG1β into their lateral ventricles, while rats in control and model groups were given equal volume of PBS simultaneously. The cognitive capacity of rats was evaluated with Y-electric maze. The morphology and ultrastructure of hippocampus were observed by hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) respectively. The expression of p-ERK1/2 was determined by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with rats in model group, the cognitive ability of rats with omethoate exposed (model and treated groups) reduced significantly, along with the obvious damage of hippocampal neurons and the expression of p-ERK1/2 decreased significantly (P < 0.05). And after treatment with NRG1β, the cognitive activity of treated rats was improved obviously, and the injury of hippocampal neurons was milder and the expression of p-ERK1/2 increased significantly more than those in model rats (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In chronic omethoate poisoning rats, NRG1β can promote the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2 in hippocampal neurons, and play an important role in the improvement of cognitive function.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China. ronglixia123@163.com.
authors.forename: Lixia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rong
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China. 2528770877@qq.com.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China. zmzcmd@163.com.
authors.forename: Meizeng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China. guoqdsd@163.com.
authors.forename: Yunliang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D004117:Dimethoate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D020890:Neuregulin-1 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020258:Neurotoxicity Syndromes / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D020890:Neuregulin-1; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; C117467:neuregulin beta; C002302:dimethoxon; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D004117:Dimethoate