title: Screening for cardiovascular risk factors in adults with serious mental illness: a review of the evidence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adults with serious mental illness have a mortality rate two to three times higher than the overall US population, much of which is due to somatic conditions, especially cardiovascular disease. Given the disproportionately high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the population with SMI, screening for these conditions is an important first step for timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment. This comprehensive literature review summarizes screening rates for cardiovascular risk factors in the population with serious mental illness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Relevant articles published between 2000 and 2013 were identified using the EMBASE, PsychInfo, PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases. We reviewed 10 studies measuring screening rates for obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension in the population with serious mental illness. Two reviewers independently extracted information on screening rates, study population, and study setting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rates of screening varied considerably by time period, study population, and data source for all medical conditions. For example, rates of lipid testing for antipsychotic users ranged from 6% to 85%. For some conditions, rates of screening were consistently high. For example, screening rates for hypertension ranged from 79% - 88%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is considerable variation in screening of cardiovascular risk factors in the population with serious mental illness, with significant need for improvement in some study populations and settings. Implementation of standard screening protocols triggered by diagnosis of serious mental illness or antipsychotic use may be promising avenues for ensuring timely diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors in this population.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N Broadway St., Room 405, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. jballer@jhu.edu.
authors.forename: Julia B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Baller
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N Broadway St., Room 405, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. emcginty@jhu.edu.
authors.forename: Emma E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: McGinty
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Mental Health, 6001 Executive Boulevard, Room 7145 MSC 9631, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA. Susan.Azrin@nih.gov.
authors.forename: Susan T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Azrin
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Mental Health, 6001 Executive Boulevard, Room 7145 MSC 9631, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA. Djuliano@mail.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Juliano-Bult
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 2024 E Monument St, Suite 2-620, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. gdaumit@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: Gail L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Daumit
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D009765:Obesity / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents