title: Vascularization of repaired limb bone defects using chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite as a tissue engineering bone scaffold.
abstract: Ensuring histocompatibility in the tissue engineering of bones is a complex issue. The aim of this study was to observe the feasibility of chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite in repairing limb bone defects, and to evaluate the therapeutic effects on osteogenesis. Beagle mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were divided into an experimental group that was cultured with an injectable form of chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite and a control group. The effect of the composite on bone tissue growth was evaluated by MTT assay. In addition, 12-month-old beagles were subjected to 15-mm femur defects and subsequently implanted with scaffolds to observe the effects on osteogenesis and vascularization. The dogs were subdivided into two groups of five animals: Group A, which was implanted with scaffold-MSC compounds, and Group B, which was implanted with scaffolds alone. The dogs were observed on the 2nd, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks post-implantation. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the composite was compatible with MSCs, with similar outcomes in the control and experimental groups. MTT analysis additionally showed that the MSCs in the experimental group grew in a similar manner to those in the control group. The composite did not significantly affect the MSC growth or proliferation. In combination with MSCs, the scaffold materials were effective in the promotion of osteogenesis and vascularization. In conclusion, the chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite was compatible with the MSCs and did not affect cellular growth or proliferation, therefore proving to be an effective injectable composite for tissue engineered bone. Simultaneous implantation of stem cells with a carrier composite proved to function effectively in the repair of bone defects.
authors.affiliation: Saint Petersburg State I.P. Pavlov Medical University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia.
authors.forename: Le
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Hukou County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hukou, Jiangxi 332500, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Qinghua
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, The People's Hospital of Bishan County, Bishan, Chongqing 402760, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Lihua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Zibo Zhangdian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zibo, Shandong 255035, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, The 301 Military Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhendong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000293:injuries; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004285:Dogs; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C485817:beta-tricalcium phosphate; D048271:Chitosan