title: Radical Compatibility with Nonaqueous Electrolytes and Its Impact on an All-Organic Redox Flow Battery.
abstract: Nonaqueous redox flow batteries hold the promise of achieving higher energy density because of the broader voltage window than aqueous systems, but their current performance is limited by low redox material concentration, cell efficiency, cycling stability, and current density. We report a new nonaqueous all-organic flow battery based on high concentrations of redox materials, which shows significant, comprehensive improvement in flow battery performance. A mechanistic electron spin resonance study reveals that the choice of supporting electrolytes greatly affects the chemical stability of the charged radical species especially the negative side radical anion, which dominates the cycling stability of these flow cells. This finding not only increases our fundamental understanding of performance degradation in flow batteries using radical-based redox species, but also offers insights toward rational electrolyte optimization for improving the cycling stability of these flow batteries.
authors.affiliation: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 (USA). Xiaoliang.Wei@pnnl.gov.|Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR; USA). Xiaoliang.Wei@pnnl.gov.
authors.forename: Xiaoliang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 (USA).
authors.forename: Wu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439 (USA).|Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR; USA).
authors.forename: Jinhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439 (USA).|Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR; USA).
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 (USA).
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.affiliation: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 (USA).
authors.forename: Chad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.affiliation: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 (USA).
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vijayakumar
authors.affiliation: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 (USA).
authors.forename: Wesley A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.affiliation: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 (USA).
authors.forename: Tianbiao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 (USA).
authors.forename: Lelia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cosimbescu
authors.affiliation: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 (USA).
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 (USA).
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sprenkle
authors.affiliation: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 (USA). Wei.Wang@pnnl.gov.|Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR; USA). Wei.Wang@pnnl.gov.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: ESR spectroscopy; electrochemistry; electrolyte optimization; nonaqueous redox flow batteries; radicals