title: Measurements of fundamental properties of homogeneous tissue phantoms.
abstract: We present the optical measurement techniques used in human skin phantom studies. Their accuracy and the sources of errors in microscopic parameters’ estimation of the produced phantoms are described. We have produced optical phantoms for the purpose of simulating human skin tissue at the wavelength of 930 nm. Optical coherence tomography was used to measure the thickness and surface roughness and to detect the internal inhomogeneities. A more detailed study of phantom surface roughness was carried out with the optical profilometer. Reflectance, transmittance, and collimated transmittance of phantoms were measured using an integrating-sphere spectrometer setup. The scattering and absorption coefficients were calculated with the inverse adding-doubling method. The reduced scattering coefficient at 930 nm was found to be 1.57±0.14  mm(−1) and the absorption was 0.22±0.03  mm(−1) . The retrieved optical properties of phantoms are in agreement with the data found in the literature for real human tissues.
authors.affiliation: Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Gabriela Narutowicza Street 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Maciej S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Wróbel
authors.affiliation: University of Oulu, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Laboratory, P.O. Box 4500, Oulu 90014, Finland.
authors.forename: Alexey P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Popov
authors.affiliation: University of Oulu, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Laboratory, P.O. Box 4500, Oulu 90014, Finland.
authors.forename: Alexander V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Bykov
authors.affiliation: University of Oulu, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Laboratory, P.O. Box 4500, Oulu 90014, Finland.
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kinnunen
authors.affiliation: Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Gabriela Narutowicza Street 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jędrzejewska-Szczerska
authors.affiliation: University of Oulu, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Laboratory, P.O. Box 4500, Oulu 90014, FinlandcSaratov State University, Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics.
authors.forename: Valery V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Tuchin
mesh_terms: D065638:Absorption, Radiation; D016880:Anisotropy; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D004867:Equipment Design; D008027:Light; D008954:Models, Biological; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry / Q000379:methods; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D012031:Refractometry / Q000379:methods*; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology*; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena; D017768:Skin, Artificial; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*