title: Diagnostic Sensitivity of Indocyanine Green Angiography for Birdshot Chorioretinopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a cohort of patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy who did not manifest birdshot lesions on clinical examination but had retinal vasculitis, low-grade to moderate vitritis, and hypocyanescent lesions on indocyanine green angiography (ICGA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series of 3 patients with mild to moderate vitritis and retinal vasculitis without definite birdshot lesions on clinical examination evaluated from January 2007 to December 2014 at 4 academic ophthalmology centers. All patients' results were positive for human leukocyte antigen-A29. All cases had hypocyanescent lesions visible on ICGA but not detectable on fluorescein angiography.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with retinal vasculitis and low-grade vitritis with or without macular edema may have birdshot chorioretinopathy evident on ICGA before lesions are visible on clinical examination or fluorescein angiography. Expanding birdshot chorioretinopathy diagnostic criteria to include the presence of hypocyanescent lesions on ICGA could improve the sensitivity of diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville.
authors.forename: Ashvini K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: Marco A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: Christopher R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.affiliation: Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sobrin
authors.affiliation: Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Albini
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000792:Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D000080365:Birdshot Chorioretinopathy; D002825:Chorioretinitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography / Q000379:methods; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015234:HLA-A Antigens / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D015234:HLA-A Antigens; C035524:HLA-A29 antigen; D007208:Indocyanine Green