title: Association between falls and depressive symptoms or visual impairment among Japanese young-old adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between falls and self-reported depressive symptoms or visual impairment among young-old adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1904 participants (986 men and 918 women) aged 64 years from the New Integrated Suburban Seniority Investigation Project from 1996 to 2005, an age-specific cohort study in Nisshin, Japan, took part in the present study. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Geriatric Depression Scale. Visual impairment was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. The outcome variable was self-reported injurious falls at the age of 70 years. Multivariate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of depressive symptoms and visual impairment for the incidence of falls were calculated using logistic regression models and adjusted for possible confounding factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 77 (7.8%) men and 126 (13.7%) women reported falls within the past 1 year at age 70 years. Among women, depressive symptoms and visual impairment were significantly associated with falls after adjusting for potential confounders (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.09-2.62; OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.45-3.71, respectively), but not among men. Women with both conditions had a significantly increased risk of falls after adjusting for potential confounders (OR 3.50, 95% CI 1.65-7.13) compared with those with neither condition; the association was not significant among men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depressive symptoms and visual impairment at age 64 years were significantly associated with an increased risk of falls at age 70 years in Japanese women but not in men. The combination of the two symptoms had an even greater association with fall risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan.|Department of Pediatrics, Japan Ground Self Defense Forces Sapporo Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Reiji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigekazu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ukawa
authors.affiliation: Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.affiliation: Kyoto University Health Service, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wakai
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Health Science Center, Aichi Health Promotion Foundation, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuyo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsushita
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tamakoshi
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000368:Aged; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: age-specific cohort; depressive symptoms; falls; visual impairment; young-old