title: ADIPOQ and IL6 variants are associated with a pro-inflammatory status in obeses with cardiometabolic dysfunction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polymorphisms in genes encoding adiponectin (ADIPOQ) and interleukin-6 (IL6) have been associated with adiposity and obese-related phenotypes. This study investigated the relationship of ADIPOQ and IL6 gene polymorphisms with pro-inflammatory and cardiometabolic markers in obese patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anthropometric and body composition parameters were measured in 249 Brazilian subjects (30 to 68 yr). Metabolic and inflammatory markers and adipokines were analyzed in blood samples. ADIPOQ rs2241766 (45 T > G) and IL6 rs1800795 (-174G > C) polymorphisms were analyzed by real-time PCR and PCR-RFLP, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and increased values of waist circumference, body fat, leptin, fibrinogen, IL-1β, hsCRP and TNFα were related to obesity (p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed a positive correlation between BMI and waist circumference, body fat, leptin, fibrinogen, PAI-1, IL-1β, hsCRP and TNFα values (p < 0.001) but not with adiponectin. Obese group had altered metabolic status, resistance to leptin and insulin, and atherogenic and pro-inflammatory profiles. ADIPOQ and IL6 variants were not directely related to obesity, leptin resistance or alterations in cardiometabolic markers. Individuals carrying ADIPOQ 45G allele (TG + GG genotype) had higher IL-6, IL-1β and TNFα levels than TT genotype carriers (p < 0.05). IL6 -174GG genotype was associated with increased IL-1β levels (p = 0.033).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obesity is associated with leptin resistance, cardiometabolic alterations and a pro-inflammatory status. Our results are suggestive that ADIPOQ and IL6 polymorphisms contribute to cardiometabolic risk in obese individuals.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, 05508-900, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, 05508-900, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil.
authors.forename: Tamiris Invencioni
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, 05508-900, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil ; Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, BIOREN-CEGIN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cerda
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, 05508-900, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil.
authors.forename: Mario Hiroyuki
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, 05508-900, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristina Moreno
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Fajardo
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, 05508-900, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcela Correia
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.affiliation: University Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Egidio Lima
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Dorea
authors.affiliation: University Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Márcia Martins Silveira
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Bernik
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, 05508-900, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosario Dominguez Crespo
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Hirata
keywords: Adiponectin; Gene polymorphism; Inflammation; Interleukin-6; Obesity