title: Perceived Stigmatization, Resilience, and Diurnal Cortisol Rhythm Among Children of Parents Living With HIV.
abstract: Stigmatization often puts at risk the health and well-being of children from marginalized groups. One potential protective factor for such children is resilience--one's capability to adapt flexibly, persistently, and resourcefully to stressful situations. In this study, we investigated the associations among stigmatization, resilience, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function in a sample of 645 youths affected by parents infected with HIV. Perceived stigmatization was associated with lower cortisol levels at awakening and flatter cortisol slopes, whereas resilience was independently associated with higher levels of salivary cortisol at awakening and steeper cortisol slopes. We found evidence for an indirect effect of resilience on diurnal cortisol through lower perceived stigmatization. These associations remained significant after we controlled for demographic and health factors and stressful life events. Our findings demonstrate that perceived stigmatization and resilience are associated with HPA-axis functioning in childhood. Broadly, the data suggest that resilience-promoting and stigma-reducing efforts should be considered to improve the health of children from disadvantaged groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Macau Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine peilianchi@umac.mo peilianchi@gmail.com zhaojf@henu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Peilian
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Wayne State University.
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Slatcher
authors.affiliation: Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Behavior and Psychology, Henan University.
authors.forename: Junfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Behavior and Psychology, Henan University.
authors.forename: Guoxiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University.
authors.forename: Xuequn
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University.
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Bonita
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stanton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis*; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; D008297:Male; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D012923:Social Class; D013240:Stereotyping; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: HIV; children; resilience; salivary cortisol; stigma; stigmatization