title: One palatal implant for skeletal anchorage--frequency and range of indications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aim of this investigation was to analyze the frequency and range of indications of orthodontic treatments using one palatal implant for skeletal anchorage, in a time frame of four years.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample was comprised by viewing retrospectively the patient collective of a specialized university clinic who started orthodontic treatment in the time frame 01/09-12/12. Inclusion criterion was the first application of a superstructure within the investigated period after successful insertion of a palatal implant (Ortho-System®, Straumann, Basel, Switzerland). Frequency and range of indications of the conducted skeletally anchored tooth movement were determined by analyzing the individual patient documentation such as medical records, radiographs and casts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From a total of 1350 patients who started orthodontic treatment in this period met 56 (=4.2%) the inclusion criterion. In 85.7% of this sample was sagittal orthodontic tooth movement conducted, most frequently mesialization of ≥1 tooth (44.6%). Vertical tooth movement was in 57.1% of the sample performed, mostly extrusion of ≥1 tooth (34%). In 33.9% of the sample was ≥1 displaced tooth orthodontically relocated. One or two upper incisors were in 16.1% of the sample permanently replaced by the superstructure, all but one even after orthodontic treatment. In 66.1% of all cases were multi-functional anchorage challenges performed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  4.2 % of all treated patients within the investigated period required orthodontic treatment with skeletal anchorage (palatal implant), mainly for performing sagittal tooth movement (mesialization). The palatal implant was primarily used for multi-functional anchorage purposes, including skeletally anchored treatment in the mandible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany. elena.krieger@unimedizin-mainz.de.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Krieger
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany. zeynep.boyraz@unimedizin-mainz.de.
authors.forename: Zeynep
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yildizhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany. heinrich.wehrbein@unimedizin-mainz.de.
authors.forename: Heinrich
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wehrbein
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design / Q000379:methods*; D021362:Palate, Hard / Q000601:surgery*; D018579:Patient Selection; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013997:Time Factors; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants