title: Effect of Opalescence® bleaching gels on the elution of dental composite components.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bleaching treatments can affect on the polymer network of dental composites. This study was performed to evaluate the influence of different bleaching treatments on the elution of composite components.
  
  
  METHODS
  The composites Tetric EvoCeram(®), CLEARFIL™ AP-X, Tetric EvoFlow(®), Filtek™ Supreme XT, Ceram X(®) mono+, Admira and Filtek™ Silorane were treated with the bleaching gels Opalescence PF 15% (PF 15%) for 5h and PF 35% (PF 35%) for 30 min and then stored in methanol and water for 24h and 7 d. The eluates were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Unbleached specimens were used as control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 16 different elutable substances have been identified from the investigated composites after bleaching-treatment. Six of them were methacrylates: 1,10-decandioldimethacrylate (DDDMA), 1,12-dodekandioldimethacrylate (DODDMA), ethylenglycoldimethacrylate (EGDMA), 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA), triethylenglycoldimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and urethandimethacrylate (UDMA). Compared with the unbleached controls the composites Tetric EvoCeram(®), CLEARFIL™ AP-X and Tetric EvoFlow(®) showed a reduced elution of UDMA, TEGDMA and HEMA after bleaching-treatment. Compared with the unbleached controls an increase elution of UDMA, DMABEE, BPA and TEGDMA for the composites Filtek™ Supreme XT, Ceram X(®) mono+, Admira and Filtek™ Silorane after bleaching-treatment has been detected. The highest concentration of UDMA was 0.01 mmol/l (Tetric EvoCeram(®), water, 24h, controls), the highest concentration of TEGDMA was 0.28 mmol/l (CLEARFIL™ AP-X, water, 7 d, controls), the highest concentration of HEMA was 0.74 mmol/l (Tetric EvoFlow(®), methanol, 7 d, PF 35%), the highest concentration of DMABEE was 0.10 mmol/l (Ceram X(®) mono+, water, 7 d, PF 35%) and the highest concentration of BPA was 0.01 mmol/l (Admira, methanol, 7 d, controls).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bleaching treatments can lead to a reduced or an increased elution of substances from the dental composites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Nussbaumstr. 26, 80336 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Nussbaumstr. 26, 80336 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rothmund
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Nussbaumstr. 26, 80336 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Xiuli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: KU Leuven Biomat, Department of Oral Health Sciences KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Kirsten L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Van Landuyt
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schweikl
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Elmar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hellwig
authors.affiliation: Department of Organic Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, House F, 81377 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Carell
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hickel
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Nussbaumstr. 26, 80336 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Franz-Xaver
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Reichl
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Nussbaumstr. 26, 80336 Munich, Germany. Electronic address: christof.hoegg@lrz.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Christof
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Högg
mesh_terms: D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005782:Gels; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates; D010545:Peroxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000737:chemistry*; D062047:Silorane Resins; D012833:Siloxanes; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C520091:CeramX; C112828:Clearfil AP-X; D003188:Composite Resins; D004338:Drug Combinations; C474035:Filtek Supreme; D005782:Gels; D008689:Methacrylates; D010545:Peroxides; D011145:Polyvinyls; D062047:Silorane Resins; D012833:Siloxanes; C501891:Tetric EvoCeram; C479084:admira; C555513:silorane composite resin; C452226:tetric flow composite resin; C093177:tooth-bleaching agent, Opalescence; D014508:Urea
keywords: Bleaching; Comonomer; Dental composite; Elution; Peroxide; Polymer network