title: Description of spatio-temporal gait parameters in elderly people and their association with history of falls: results of the population-based cross-sectional KORA-Age study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this epidemiological study we described the characteristics of spatio-temporal gait parameters among a representative, population-based sample of 890 community-dwelling people aged 65 to 90 years. In addition, we investigated the associations between certain gait parameters and a history of falls in study participants.
  
  
  METHODS
  In descriptive analyses spatio-temporal gait parameters were assessed according to history of falls, frailty, multimorbidity, gender, multiple medication use, disability status, and age group. Logistic regression models were calculated to examine the association between gait velocity and stride length with a history of falls (at least one fall in the last 12 month). Data on gait were collected on an electronic walkway on which participants walked at their usual pace.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found significant differences within gait parameters when stratifying by frailty, multimorbidity, disability and multiple medication use as well as age (cut point 75 years) and sex, with p < 0.05 for all gait parameters (velocity, cadence, time, stride duration, stride length, step width). After stratification by history of falls, only stride length showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the groups of fallers and non-fallers. Logistic regression models showed that a decreased stride length was independently associated with falls in men aged older than 74 years (OR 1.34 (CI: 1.05-1.70 per 10 cm decrease)), while this was neither the case for women of similar age nor for men or women aged 65 to 74 years. A decreased walking speed was not associated with falls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Age, frailty, multimorbidity, disability, history of falls, sex, and multiple medication use show an association with different gait parameters measured during gait assessment on an electronic walkway in elderly people. Furthermore, stride length is a good indicator to differentiate fallers from non-fallers in older men from the general population.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany. kathrin.thaler@tum.de.|Institute for Medical Statistics and Epidemiology (IMSE), Technical University Munich (TUM), Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich, 81675, Germany. kathrin.thaler@tum.de.
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thaler-Kall
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany. peters@helmholtz-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany. thorand@helmholtz-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thorand
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität (LMU), Marchioninistr. 15, Munich, 81377, Germany. Eva.Grill@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grill
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany. autenriethc@unaids.org.
authors.forename: Christine S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Autenrieth
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Statistics and Epidemiology (IMSE), Technical University Munich (TUM), Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich, 81675, Germany. alexander.horsch@imse.med.tu-muenchen.de.|Department of Computer Science, MI&T Group, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, 9037, Norway. alexander.horsch@imse.med.tu-muenchen.de.|Department of Clinical Medicine, Telemedicine and eHealth Group, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, 9037, Norway. alexander.horsch@imse.med.tu-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Horsch
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany. christa.meisinger@helmholtz-muenchen.de.|Central Hospital of Augsburg, MONICA/KORA Myocardial Infarction Registry, Klinikum Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, Augsburg, 86156, Germany. christa.meisinger@helmholtz-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Christa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meisinger
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000517:prevention & control; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011159:Population Surveillance; D013037:Spatial Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors