title: Enhancement of VEGF-Mediated Angiogenesis by 2-N,6-O-Sulfated Chitosan-Coated Hierarchical PLGA Scaffolds.
abstract: Rapid and controlled vascularization within scaffolds remains one of the key limitations in tissue engineering applications. This study describes the fabrication and characterization of 2-N,6-O-sulfated chitosan (26SCS)-coated hierarchical scaffold composed of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres, as a desirable vehicle for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) delivery and consequent angiogenic boosting in vitro. Owing to the hierarchical porous structure and high affinity between VEGF and 26SCS, the 26SCS-modified PLGA (S-PLGA) scaffold possesses excellent entrapment and sustained release of VEGF. Using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as a cell model, the VEGF-loaded S-PLGA scaffold shows desirable cell viability and attachment. The bioactivity of released VEGF is validated by intracellular nitric oxide secretion and capillary tube formation, demonstrating the improved capacity of VEGF-mediated pro-angiogenesis ascribed to 26SCS incorporation. Such a strategy will afford an effective method to prepare a scaffold with promoted angiogenesis.
authors.affiliation: †The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, ‡Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, §Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuanman
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: †The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, ‡Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, §Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: †The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, ‡Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, §Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: †The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, ‡Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, §Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lingyan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: †The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, ‡Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, §Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: †The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, ‡Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, §Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: †The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, ‡Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, §Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: †The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, ‡Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, §Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Changsheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D002196:Capillaries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D048271:Chitosan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000494:pharmacology*; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008863:Microspheres; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D016062:Porosity; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C480355:chitosan sulfate; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019344:Lactic Acid; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: angiogenesis; poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid); scaffold; sulfated chitosan; vascular endothelial growth factor