title: Parameters of anesthesia/sedation in children receiving radiotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous reports establish low risk of complications in pediatric treatments under anesthesia/sedation (A/S) in the outpatient setting. Here, we present our institutional experience with A/S by age and gender in children receiving daily proton RT.
  
  
  METHODS
  After Institutional Review Board approval, we reviewed our center's records between 9/9/2004 and 6/30/2013 with respect to age and gender of A/S requirement in our pediatric patients (defined as patients ≤18 years of age).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 390 patients treated in this era, 182 were girls. Children aged ≤3 invariably required A/S; and by age 7-8, approximately half of patients do not. For pediatric patients ≥ 12 years of age, approximately 10% may require A/S for different reasons. There was no difference by gender.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Beyond age 3, the requirement for A/S decreases in an age-dependent fashion, with a small cadre of older children having difficulty enough with sustained immobilization that A/S is necessary. In our experience, there is no difference in A/S requirement by gender.
authors.affiliation: IU Health Proton Therapy Center, Bloomington, Indiana. kpmcmull@iupui.edu.|Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. kpmcmull@iupui.edu.
authors.forename: Kevin P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: McMullen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. tarmhans@iupui.edu.
authors.forename: Tara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.affiliation: IU Health Proton Therapy Center, Bloomington, Indiana. jbratton@iuhealth.org.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bratton
authors.affiliation: IU Health Proton Therapy Center, Bloomington, Indiana. Peter.Johnstone@Moffitt.org.|Department of Radiation Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA. Peter.Johnstone@Moffitt.org.
authors.forename: Peter A S
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Johnstone
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D010372:Pediatrics; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors