title: Immobilization of phosphorus in cow manure during hydrothermal carbonization.
abstract: The surplus of manure phosphorus (P) with increasing livestock production might pose a risk of P loss to the environment due to the high mobility of P in manure. Thus, there is an increasing need to mitigate P loss from manure. This study aimed to investigate the effect of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) on the immobilization of P in cow manure. The results demonstrated that the P content in cow manure was increased substantially by ∼20% after HTC, while the water-extractable P (WEP) and Mehlich-3-extractable P (MEP) in manure was reduced significantly by >80% and 50%, respectively. The decrease in P solubility might result from the increased apatite P (increased by >85%) and decreased soluble Ca (decreased by ∼50%) after HTC. These results suggested that HTC could be an efficient strategy to immobilize P in cow manure, thereby potentially mitigating the P loss problem from cow manure.
authors.affiliation: Biomass Energy Technology Research Center, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Section 4-13, Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, China. Electronic address: dailichun@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Lichun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Biomass Energy Technology Research Center, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Section 4-13, Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Furong
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Biomass Energy Technology Research Center, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Section 4-13, Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Biomass Energy Technology Research Center, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Section 4-13, Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Mingxiong
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Biomass Energy Technology Research Center, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Section 4-13, Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Wenguo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Biomass Energy Technology Research Center, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Section 4-13, Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Biomass Energy Technology Research Center, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Section 4-13, Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Qichun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Biomass Energy Technology Research Center, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Section 4-13, Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, China. Electronic address: zhangmin@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D002417:Cattle; D005260:Female; D008372:Manure / Q000032:analysis*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D014872:Water Movements; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D008372:Manure; D014873:Water Pollutants; D010758:Phosphorus; D002244:Carbon
keywords: Hydrothermal carbonization; Manure; Phosphorus immobilization; Phosphorus speciation