title: Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid prevents the development of atopic dermatitis through prostaglandin D1 production in NC/Tnd mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and relapsing skin disorder with pruritic skin symptoms. We previously reported that dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) prevented the development of AD in NC/Tnd mice, though the mechanism remained unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We attempted to investigate the mechanism of preventive effect of DGLA on AD development in NC/Tnd mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical outcomes of NC/Tnd mice that were given diets containing DGLA, arachidonic acid, or eicosapentaenoic acid were compared. Lipid mediator contents in the skin in each group were also quantified. In addition, release of lipid mediators from RBL-2H3 mast cells treated with either DGLA or prostaglandin D1 (PGD1) was measured. Furthermore, effect of PGD1 on gene expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in PAM212 keratinocyte cells was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only DGLA containing diet suppressed the development of dermatitis in vivo. By quantifying the 20-carbon fatty acid-derived eicosanoids in the skin, the application of DGLA was found to upregulate PGD1, which correlated with a better outcome in NC/Tnd mice. Moreover, we confirmed that mast cells produced PGD1 after DGLA exposure, thereby exerting a suppressive effect on immunoglobulin E-mediated degranulation. PGD1 also suppressed gene expression of TSLP in keratinocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that oral administration of DGLA causes preventive effects on AD development in NC/Tnd mice by regulating the PGD1 supply.
authors.affiliation: Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Amagai
authors.affiliation: Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kumiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oida
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Comparative Animal Medicine, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kyungsook
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Ltd., Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Saki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kakutani
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Ltd., Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenshiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.affiliation: Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hyosun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ginae
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Ltd., Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawashima
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Ltd., Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.affiliation: Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: hiro@cc.tuat.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.affiliation: Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Comparative Animal Medicine, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: akane@cc.tuat.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Akane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D015126:8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015550:Cell Degranulation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D015230:Prostaglandin D2 / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011457:Prostaglandins D / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation; D000094632:Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D011457:Prostaglandins D; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; D015126:8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid; C000605320:prostaglandin D1; D015230:Prostaglandin D2; D000094632:Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin; C000721967:TSLP protein, mouse
keywords: Atopic dermatitis; Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid; NC/Tnd mouse; Prostaglandin D(1)