title: Chitin-lignin material as a novel matrix for enzyme immobilization.
abstract: Innovative materials were made via the combination of chitin and lignin, and the immobilization of lipase from Aspergillus niger. Analysis by techniques including FTIR, XPS and 13C CP MAS NMR confirmed the effective immobilization of the enzyme on the surface of the composite support. The electrokinetic properties of the resulting systems were also determined. Results obtained from elemental analysis and by the Bradford method enabled the determination of optimum parameters for the immobilization process. Based on the hydrolysis reaction of para-nitrophenyl palmitate, a determination was made of the catalytic activity, thermal and pH stability, and reusability. The systems with immobilized enzymes were found to have a hydrolytic activity of 5.72 mU, and increased thermal and pH stability compared with the native lipase. The products were also shown to retain approximately 80% of their initial catalytic activity, even after 20 reaction cycles. The immobilization process, using a cheap, non-toxic matrix of natural origin, leads to systems with potential applications in wastewater remediation processes and in biosensors.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965 Poznan, Poland. jakub_zdarta@wp.pl.
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zdarta
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965 Poznan, Poland. lukasz.klapiszewski@put.poznan.pl.
authors.forename: Łukasz
authors.initials: Ł
authors.lastname: Klapiszewski
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965 Poznan, Poland. wysokowski@wp.pl.
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wysokowski
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965 Poznan, Poland. malgorzata.norman@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965 Poznan, Poland. agnieszka.kolodziejczak-radzimska@put.poznan.pl.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kołodziejczak-Radzimska
authors.affiliation: Institute of Inorganic Chemical Technology and Environmental Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Pulaskiego 10, 70322 Szczecin, Poland. dmoszynski@zut.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moszyński
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 23, 09599 Freiberg, Germany. Hermann.Ehrlich@physik.tu-freiberg.de.
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ehrlich
authors.affiliation: Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Faculty of Chemistry, Umultowska 89b, 61614 Poznan, Poland. maciejm@amu.edu.pl.|Poznan Science and Technology Park, Adam Mickiewicz University Fundation, Rubież 46, 61612 Poznan, Poland. maciejm@amu.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Hieronim
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maciejewski
authors.affiliation: Duke University, Center for Materials Genomics, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science,144 Hudson Hall, Durham, NC 27708, USA. antistokes@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Allison L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Stelling
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965 Poznan, Poland. teofil.jesionowski@put.poznan.pl.
authors.forename: Teofil
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jesionowski
mesh_terms: D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000201:enzymology*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002686:Chitin / Q000737:chemistry*; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007700:Kinetics; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry*; D008049:Lipase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008422:Materials Testing; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D010168:Palmitates / Q000378:metabolism; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013696:Temperature; D060753:Water Quality
chemical_list: D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D010168:Palmitates; D002686:Chitin; C050015:4-nitrophenyl palmitate; D008031:Lignin; D008049:Lipase