title: The effect of salivary gland extract of Lucilia sericata maggots on human dermal fibroblast proliferation within collagen/hyaluronan membrane in vitro: transmission electron microscopy study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lucilia sericata maggots are applied to chronic wounds to aid healing when conventional treatments have failed. After their application into a necrotic wound, they potentially influence wound healing with a combination of specific proteinases that are involved in the remodeling of extracellular matrix. These proteases cause changes in fibroblast adhesion and spread upon extracellular matrix protein surfaces, affecting integrity of the protein surfaces-especially fibronectin-while maintaining cell viability.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study focused on in vitro monitoring of the effect of homogenate substances prepared from maggot salivary gland of L sericata on the ultrastructure of human neonatal fibroblasts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Collagen/hyaluronan membrane was used as the synthetic substitute of extracellular matrix. The cultured human neonatal fibroblasts B-HNF-1 were seeded on the surface of the collagen/hyaluronan membrane and cultured with maggot salivary gland extract (SGE) at a concentration of 2.4 glands/1 mL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The authors observed increased cell metabolism and protein production (euchromatic nucleus, voluminous nuclear membrane, large reticular nuclei, distended and filled cisterns of rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus with saccules, and vesicles packed with fine fibrillar material) after incubating the cells in culture medium with SGE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors believe that increased cell metabolism and protein production corresponded with formation of microfibrillar net used for migration of fibroblasts in culture, but mainly for proper production of extracellular matrix. The authors suggest that their results may help explain the effect of SGE on wound healing and support implementation of maggot therapy into human medicine.
authors.affiliation: Simona Polakovičova, MD, PhD, is a Scientific Assistant, Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine; Štefan Polák, MD, PhD, is an Associate Professor, Institute of Histology and Embryology; Marcela Kuniaková, PhD, is a Scientific Assistant, Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine; and Marek Čambal, MD, PhD, is a Surgeon and Assistant Professor, First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine; all at Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia. Mária Čaplovičová, PhD, is an Engineer and Researcher, Slovak University of Technology, Vazovova, Bratislava. Milan Kozánek, PhD, is Director and Department Head, Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia. Ĺuboš Danišovič, PhD, is a Scientific Assistant, Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia. The authors have disclosed that they have no financial relationships related to this article. Submitted August 21, 2013; accepted in revised form March 24, 2014.
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Polakovičova
authors.forename: Štefan
authors.initials: Š
authors.lastname: Polák
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuniaková
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Čambal
authors.forename: Mária
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Čaplovičová
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kozánek
authors.forename: L'uboš
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Danišovič
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kopáni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001691:Biological Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D004175:Diptera; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D007814:Larva; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D012469:Salivary Glands; D014020:Tissue Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D005353:Fibronectins; D014020:Tissue Extracts; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D003094:Collagen