title: A randomized study to compare the efficacy of two intravenous fluid regimens of normal saline on the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of two different volume of crystalloid given intraoperatively on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty adult patients of either sex belonging to ASA I and II class undergoing elective surgeries under general anesthesia for 1-2 h were studied in this prospective, randomized double blinded study. First group (group L) (n=40) received normal saline 4 mL/kg and second group (group H) (n=40) received 10 mL/kg of normal saline. This was in excess of the fasting requirement of the patients. No propofol or antiemetic drugs were given. PONV was evaluated by verbal descriptive score (VDS) [0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe, and 4 = unbearable]. Ondansetron (4 mg i.v.) was given if VDS score was 3 or more.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median immediate PONV score was 2 and 1 in group L and H, respectively. The median 2 h PONV score in group L was 3 and in group H was 1. The median 6 h PONV score in group L was 3 and in group H was 1. The 24 h median postoperative PONV score was 1 and 0 in group L and H, respectively. In all these period of time the differences were statistically significant. The incidence of vomiting was more in group L [72.5% (29/40)] than in group H [30% (12/40)]. This was statistically significant (P=0.0003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From the current study it was concluded that patients who received larger volume of crystalloid intraoperatively have lesser incidence of PONV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Ishwar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bhukal
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Alchemist Hospitals Ltd, Panchkula, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Srinivas
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India (At the time of work, all authors were affiliated to Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India), India.
authors.forename: Sohan Lal
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Solanki
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Yaddanapudi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jain
keywords: Intravenous; normal saline; postoperative nausea vomiting