title: Prevalence and correlates of HPV among women attending family-planning clinics in Thailand.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cervical cancer is the most common cancer among women of reproductive age in Thailand. However, information on the prevalence and correlates of anogenital HPV infection in Thailand is sparse.
  
  
  METHODS
  HPV genotype information, reproductive factors, sexual behavior, other STI and clinical information, and cervical cytology and histology were assessed at enrollment among one thousand two hundred and fifty-six (n=1,256) HIV negative women aged 20-37 from Thailand enrolled in a prospective study of the natural history of HPV. The type-specific prevalence of HPV was estimated using cervical swab specimens from healthy women and women with a diagnosis of CIN 2/3 at baseline. Prevalence ratios (95% CI) were estimated using Poisson regression to quantify the association of demographic, behavioral, and clinical correlates with prevalent HPV infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 307 (24.6%) and 175 (14.0%) of women were positive for any HPV type and any HR-HPV type, respectively; the most common types were 72, 52, 62, and 16. Among women diagnosed with CIN 2/3 at enrollment (n=11), the most prevalent HPV types were 52 and 16. In multivariate analysis, HPV prevalence at enrollment was higher among women with: long-term combined oral contraceptive use, a higher number of lifetime sexual partners, a prior Chlamydia infection, and a current diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study findings provide important information that can be used in the evaluation of primary and secondary interventions designed to reduce the burden of cervical cancer in Thailand.
authors.affiliation: Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, USA. morgan.marks@merck.com.|Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. morgan.marks@merck.com.
authors.forename: Morgan A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.affiliation: Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, USA. swati.gupta5@merck.com.
authors.forename: Swati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, USA. kaili_liaw@merck.com.
authors.forename: Kai-Li
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Liaw
authors.affiliation: PRA Health Sciences, Fort Washington, PA, USA. tadesseamha@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Amha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tadesse
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. Esther.Kim@lahey.org.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. cphongna@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Chailert
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Phongnarisorn
authors.affiliation: Prince of Songkla University, Songkla, Thailand. wvirach@medicine.psu.ac.th.
authors.forename: Virach
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wootipoom
authors.affiliation: Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. pyuenyao@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Pissamai
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yuenyao
authors.affiliation: Rajavithi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. cr_vipu@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Charoen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vipupinyo
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai, Thailand. morgan.marks@merck.com.
authors.forename: Sungwal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rugpao
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai, Thailand. sriplien@loxinfo.co.th.
authors.forename: Somchai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sriplienchan
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. pgravitt@salud.unm.edu.
authors.forename: Patti E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Gravitt
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. dcelent1@jhu.edu.
authors.forename: David D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Celentano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000150:complications; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012747:Sexual Partners; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D014626:Vaginal Smears; D014932:Women's Health Services; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology