Dynamic real-time monitoring of chloroform in an indoor swimming pool air using open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
This study used open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP-FTIR) spectroscopy to continuously assess the variation in chloroform concentrations in the air of an indoor swimming pool. Variables affecting the concentrations of chloroform in air were also monitored. The results showed that chloroform concentrations in air varied significantly during the time of operation of the swimming pool and that there were two peaks in chloroform concentration during the time of operation of the pool. The highest concentration was at 17:30, which is coincident with the time with the highest number of swimmers in the pool in a day. The swimmer load was one of the most important factors influencing the chloroform concentration in the air. When the number of swimmers surpassed 40, the concentrations of chloroform were on average 4.4 times higher than the concentration measured without swimmers in the pool. According to the results of this study, we suggest that those who swim regularly should avoid times with highest number of swimmers, in order to decrease the risk of exposure to high concentrations of chloroform. It is also recommended that an automatic mechanical ventilation system is installed to increase the ventilation rate during times of high swimmer load.
Department of Occupational Safety and Hygiene, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
M-J
MJ
Chen
Department of Occupational Safety and Hygiene, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
J-M
JM
Duh
Advanced Monitoring and Analytical Department, Energy and Environmental Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
R-H
RH
Shie
Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
J-H
JH
Weng
Department of Health Risk Management, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
H-T
HT
Hsu
D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D002725:Chloroform / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D011156:Population Density; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D013550:Swimming; D013551:Swimming Pools
D002725:Chloroform
Chloroform; Disinfection by-products; Exposure assessment; OP-FTIR; Real-time monitoring; Swimming pool