Multifractality of random eigenfunctions and generalization of Jarzynski equality.
Systems driven out of equilibrium experience large fluctuations of the dissipated work. The same is true for wavefunction amplitudes in disordered systems close to the Anderson localization transition. In both cases, the probability distribution function is given by the large-deviation ansatz. Here we exploit the analogy between the statistics of work dissipated in a driven single-electron box and that of random multifractal wavefunction amplitudes, and uncover new relations that generalize the Jarzynski equality. We checked the new relations theoretically using the rate equations for sequential tunnelling of electrons and experimentally by measuring the dissipated work in a driven single-electron box and found a remarkable correspondence. The results represent an important universal feature of the work statistics in systems out of equilibrium and help to understand the nature of the symmetry of multifractal exponents in the theory of Anderson localization.
Low Temperature Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.|Department for Physics of Superconductivity, Institute for Physics of Microstructures, Russian Academy of Sciences, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, GSP-105, Russia.
I M
IM
Khaymovich
Low Temperature Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
J V
JV
Koski
Low Temperature Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
O-P
OP
Saira
Condensed Matter and Statistical Physics Section, Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy.|L. D. Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, 2 Kosygina street, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
V E
VE
Kravtsov
Low Temperature Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
J P
JP
Pekola