Diabetes in an emergency context: the Malian case study.
BACKGROUND
The World Health Organization proposes 6 building blocks for health systems. These are vulnerable to challenges in many contexts. Findings from a 2004 assessment of the health system in Mali for diabetes care found many barriers were present for the management and care of this condition. Following this assessment different projects to strengthen the healthcare system for people living with diabetes were undertaken by a local NGO, Santé Diabète.


METHODS
In March 2012, following a Coup in Bamako, the northern part of Mali was occupied and cut-off from the rest of the country. This had a major impact on the health system throughout the country. Due to the lack of response by humanitarian actors, Santé Diabète in close collaboration with other local stakeholders developed a humanitarian response for patients with diabetes. This response included evacuation of children with Type 1 diabetes from northern regions to Bamako; supplies of medicines and tools for management of diabetes; and support to people with diabetes who moved from the north to the south of the country.


CONCLUSIONS
It has been argued that diabetes is a good tracer for health systems and based on Santé Diabète's experience in Mali, diabetes could also be used as a tracer in the context of emergencies. One lesson from this experience is that although people with diabetes should be included as a vulnerable part of the population they are not considered as such. Also within a complex emergency different "diabetes populations" may exist with different needs requiring tailored responses, such as internally displaced people versus those still in conflict areas. From Santé Diabète's perspective, the challenge was changing the ways it operated from a development NGO to an emergency NGO. In this role it could rely on its knowledge of the local situation and its function as part of the post-conflict situation.


CONCLUSIONS
The lessons learnt from this experience by Santé Diabète in Mali may be useful for other NGOs and the humanitarian response in general in addressing the challenge of managing non communicable diseases and diabetes in conflict and disaster situations in countries with weak health systems.
Santé Diabète, Mali office, Bamako, Mali.
Stéphane
S
Besançon
World Health Organization, Mali office, Bamako, Mali.
Ibrahima-Soce
IS
Fall
Santé Diabète, Mali office, Bamako, Mali.
Mathieu
M
Doré
Endocrinology Department, Mali National Hospital, Bamako, Mali.
Assa
A
Sidibé
Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
Olivier
O
Hagon
Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
François
F
Chappuis
Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine Geneva University Hospitals, and University of Geneva, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
David
D
Beran