Cyanidin-3-glucoside derived from black soybeans ameliorate type 2 diabetes through the induction of differentiation of preadipocytes into smaller and insulin-sensitive adipocytes.
Black soybean is a health food has been reported to have antidiabetes effect. The onset of diabetes is closely associated with adipocyte differentiation, and at present, the effect of black soybean on adipocyte differentiation is unknown. Here, we investigated the antidiabetes effect of black soybean, and its anthocyanin cyanidin-3-glucoside (Cy3G), on adipocyte differentiation. Orally administered black soybean seed coat extract (BSSCE) reduced the body and white adipose tissue (WAT) weight of db/db mice accompanied by a decrease in the size of adipocytes in WAT. Furthermore, 3T3-Ll cells treated with BSSCE and Cy3G were observed to differentiate into smaller adipocytes which correlated with increased PPARγ and C/EBPα gene expressions, increased adiponectin secretion, decreased tumor necrosis factor-α secretion, activation of insulin signalling and increased glucose uptake. C2C12 myotubes cultured with conditioned medium, obtained from 3T3-L1 adipocyte cultures treated with Cy3G, also showed significantly increased expression of PGC-1α, SIRT1 and UCP-3 genes. Here we report that BSSCE, as well as its active compound Cy3G, has antidiabetes effects on db/db mice by promoting adipocyte differentiation. This notion is supported by BSSCE and Cy3G inducing the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into smaller, insulin-sensitive adipocytes, and it induced the activation of skeletal muscle metabolism. This is the first report on the modulation effect of Cy3G on adipocyte differentiation.
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
Toshiya
T
Matsukawa
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
Tetsuya
T
Inaguma
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan; Alliance for Research on North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
Junkyu
J
Han
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan; Alliance for Research on North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
Myra O
MO
Villareal
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan; Alliance for Research on North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan. Electronic address: isoda.hiroko.ga@u.tsukuba.ac.jp.
Hiroko
H
Isoda
D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005960:Glucosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005993:Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056564:Sirtuin 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D000071247:Uncoupling Protein 3
D052242:Adiponectin; D000872:Anthocyanins; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; C530718:CEBPA protein, mouse; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D005960:Glucosides; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D007473:Ion Channels; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D047495:PPAR gamma; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D010936:Plant Extracts; C485290:Ppargc1a protein, mouse; C495693:Slc2a4 protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014280:Triglycerides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C000604393:Ucp3 protein, mouse; D000071247:Uncoupling Protein 3; C462279:cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside; D005993:Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; C470545:Sirt1 protein, mouse; D056564:Sirtuin 1
Adipocyte differentiation; Black soybean seed coat; Cyanidin-3-glucoside; Insulin sensitivity; Type 2 diabetes