Comparison of milk oligosaccharides pattern in colostrum of different horse breeds.
Colostrum oligosaccharides are known to exhibit prebiotic and immunomodulatory properties. Oligosaccharide composition is species-specific, and equine colostrum has been reported to contain unique oligosaccharides. Therefore, equine oligosaccharides (EMOS) from colostrum from different horse breeds were analyzed by CE-LIF, CE-MS(n), HILIC-MS(n), and exoglycosidase degradation. Sixteen EMOS were characterized and quantified, of which half were neutral and half were acidic. EMOS showed about 63% structural overlap with human milk oligosaccharides, known for their bioactivity. Seven EMOS were not reported before in equine oligosaccharides literature: neutral Gal(β1-4)HexNAc, Gal(β1-4)Hex-Hex, β4'-galactosyllactose, and lactose-N-hexaose, as well as acidic 6'-Sialyl-Hex-Ac-HexNAc, sialyllacto-N-tetraose-a, and disialylacto-N-tetraose (isomer not further specified). In all colostrum samples, the average oligosaccharide concentration ranged from 2.12 to 4.63 g/L; with β 6'and 3'- galactosyllactose, 3'-sialyllactose, and disialyllactose as the most abundant of all oligosaccharides (27-59, 16-37, 1-8, and 1-6%, respectively). Differences in presence and in abundance of specific EMOS were evident not only between the four breeds but also within the breed.
†Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University , P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Difilippo
†Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University , P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Willems
‡Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Subdivision of Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy, and Toxicology, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Vendrig
‡Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Subdivision of Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy, and Toxicology, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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J
Fink-Gremmels
†Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University , P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Gruppen
†Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University , P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Schols
D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding; D003126:Colostrum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
D009844:Oligosaccharides
CE-MS; HILIC-MS; chromatography; exoglycosidases; mass analysis; milk