Association between Mouth Breathing and Atopic Dermatitis in Japanese Children 2-6 years Old: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.
As mouth breathing is associated with asthma and otitis media, it may be associated with other diseases. Therefore, this population-based cross-sectional study evaluated the association of mouth breathing with the prevalences of various diseases in children. Preschool children older than 2 years were included. A questionnaire was given to parents/guardians at 13 nurseries in Tokushima City. There were 468 valid responses (45.2%). We defined a subject as a mouth breather in daytime (MBD) if they had 2 or more positive items among the 3 following items: "breathes with mouth ordinarily," "mouth is open ordinarily," and "mouth is open when chewing." We defined subjects as mouth breathers during sleep (MBS) if they had 2 or more positive items among the following 3 items: "snoring," "mouth is open during sleeping," and "mouth is dry when your child gets up." The prevalences of MBD and MBS were 35.5% and 45.9%, respectively. There were significant associations between MBD and atopic dermatitis (odds ratio [OR]: 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4-4.2), MBS and atopic dermatitis (OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.3-4.2), and MBD and asthma (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.2-4.0). After adjusting for history of asthma and allergic rhinitis; family history of atopic dermatitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis; and nasal congestion; both MBD (OR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.3-5.4) and MBS (OR: 4.1, 95% CI: 1.8-9.2) were significantly associated with atopic dermatitis. In preschool children older than 2 years, both MBD and MBS may be associated with the onset or development of atopic dermatitis.
Department of General Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima City, Japan.
Harutaka
H
Yamaguchi
Department of General Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima City, Japan.
Saaya
S
Tada
Tokushima Prefecture Naruto Hospital, Naruto City, Japan.
Yoshinori
Y
Nakanishi
Outpatient Facility Kameda Clinic, Tateyama City, Japan.
Shingo
S
Kawaminami
Department of General Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima City, Japan.
Teruki
T
Shin
Department of General Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima City, Japan.
Ryo
R
Tabata
Tokushima Prefecture Naruto Hospital, Naruto City, Japan.
Shino
S
Yuasa
Department of General Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima City, Japan.
Nobuhiko
N
Shimizu
Department of General Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima City, Japan.
Mitsuhiro
M
Kohno
Department of Civil and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima City, Japan.
Atsushi
A
Tsuchiya
Department of General Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima City, Japan.
Kenji
K
Tani
D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009058:Mouth Breathing / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires