Ward-based interventions for patients with hemispatial neglect in stroke rehabilitation: a systematic literature review.
OBJECTIVE
To identify rehabilitation interventions that can be integrated into ward-based nursing for patients with hemispatial neglect following stroke in the right brain hemisphere.


METHODS
A systematic review of interdisciplinary literature.


METHODS
A preliminary literature search without time limits was conducted in the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. We then searched the PubMed, CINAHL and PsychINFO databases for relevant articles published between January 2006 and June 2014. Selected journals were searched manually. Additional resources were explored by scrutinizing reference lists and tracking citations of the selected articles.


METHODS
Titles and abstracts were matched with the inclusion criteria. Articles were read in their entirety if the abstracts adhered to inclusion criteria or if there was any uncertainty. Two reviewers evaluated the risk of methodological bias independently by using quantitative appraisal forms from the Johanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Any disagreements were resolved by consensus. Authors of nine studies were contacted to acquire additional information. The JBI Reviewers' Manual was used to guide the overall procedure of the review. We used the PRISMA statement to ensure precise reporting of the results. The selected studies were graded according to the strength of their evidence (Levels 1-5); the proposed interventions were given recommendation grades (Grades A-D).


RESULTS
Using 41 original studies, 11 interventions were identified. These comprise: (1) contralesional neck vibration (Grade C); (2) emotionally salient stimuli and reward (Grade D); (3) family participation and intensity of training (Grade C); (4) limb activation training (Grade C); (5) mental imagery training, (Grade D); (6) mirror therapy (Grade C); (7) music therapy (Grade D); (8) right half-field eye patching (Grade D); (9) smooth pursuit eye-movement training (Grade B); (10) virtual reality and computer-based training (Grade C); and (11) visual scanning training (Grade D).


CONCLUSIONS
A total of 11 promising rehabilitation interventions were found. Encouraging results were, in particular, seen with smooth pursuit eye-movement training. It should be noted that the general low level of evidence and the diversity of interventions makes it difficult to endorse specific priorities and combinations for implementation. Instead, interventions should be applied after careful evaluation of each patient's unique capacities and problems. We include suggestions for operationalization into ward-based care in "Discussion" section. We also emphasize the need to integrate evidence-based interventions into nursing care to further stimulate rehabilitation outcomes and future research.
Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Neurological Department, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. Electronic address: klinke@simnet.is.
Marianne E
ME
Klinke
Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science and Sport, Rudolf Magnus Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: t.hafsteinsdottir@umcutrecht.nl.
Thóra B
TB
Hafsteinsdóttir
Neurological Department, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. Electronic address: Haukurhj@landspitali.is.
Haukur
H
Hjaltason
Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. Electronic address: helgaj@hi.is.
Helga
H
Jónsdóttir
D006801:Humans; D018570:Risk Assessment; D020521:Stroke / Q000451:nursing / Q000503:physiopathology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation
Intervention; Nursing; Perceptual disorders; Rehabilitation; Review; Spatial neglect; Stroke