Early bioprosthesis failure: report of three cases and literature review.
BACKGROUND
We experienced three rare early bioprosthesis failure (EBF) cases. In this study, we analyze the causes and discuss the coping strategy of EBF.


METHODS
We reviewed all cases of EBF in patients who received a bioprosthesis replacement in Changhai Hospital between January 2001 and January 2014, and reviewed related articles that were published between 1994 and 2014, searching for keywords in PubMed such as "bioprosthesis," "heart valve prosthesis," "early failure," and "bioprosthesis failure."


RESULTS
Only three cases were found in Changhai Hospital during this time period. The reasons for EBF in these 3 cases were: native valve attachment, early calcification caused by metabolic syndrome, and early valve thrombosis. Literature review identified an additional 14 cases. The reasons for EBF in these 14 cases were as follows: native valve attachment in 6 cases; metabolic abnormalities in 3 cases; early valve thrombosis in 2 cases; chronic inflammation in 2 cases; and improper operation in 1 case.


CONCLUSIONS
EBF is a rare but serious complication. The cause of EBF is complex. Appropriate preventive measures should be developed according to the condition of the patient.
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
An
A
Zhao
Centre of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region, Guangzhou, China.
Zhang
Z
Ben
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
Yang
Y
Fan
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
Liu
L
Xiaohong
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
Xu
X
Zhiyun
D000368:Aged; D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D020878:Device Removal / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D014262:Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*