Neuropsychiatric disorders in Cushing's syndrome.
Endogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS), a rare endocrine disorder characterized by cortisol hypersecretion, is associated with psychiatric and neurocognitive disorders. Major depression, mania, anxiety, and neurocognitive impairment are the most important clinical abnormalities. Moreover, patients most often complain of impairment in quality of life, interference with family life, social, and work performance. Surprisingly, after hypercortisolism resolution, despite the improvement of the overall prevalence of psychiatric and neurocognitive disorders, the brain volume loss at least partially persists and it should be noted that some patients may still display depression, anxiety, panic disorders, and neurocognitive impairment. This brief review aimed at describing the prevalence of psychiatric and neurocognitive disorders and their characterization both during the active and remission phases of CS. The last section of this review is dedicated to quality of life, impaired during active CS and only partially resolved after resolution of hypercortisolism.
Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università "Federico II" Naples, Italy.
Rosario
R
Pivonello
Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università "Federico II" Naples, Italy.
Chiara
C
Simeoli
Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università "Federico II" Naples, Italy.
Maria Cristina
MC
De Martino
Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università "Federico II" Naples, Italy.
Alessia
A
Cozzolino
Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università "Federico II" Naples, Italy.
Monica
M
De Leo
Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università "Federico II" Naples, Italy.
Davide
D
Iacuaniello
Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università "Federico II" Naples, Italy.
Claudia
C
Pivonello
Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università "Federico II" Naples, Italy.
Mariarosaria
M
Negri
Department of Medicine and Surgery, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Salerno Salerno, Italy.
Maria Teresa
MT
Pellecchia
Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Università "Federico II" Naples, Italy.
Felice
F
Iasevoli
Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università "Federico II" Naples, Italy.
Annamaria
A
Colao
Cushing's syndrome; cognitive impairment; neurological disorders; psychiatric disorders; quality of life