Nomogram for overall survival of Japanese patients with bone-metastatic prostate cancer.
BACKGROUND
We analyzed the relationship between prostate cancer outcomes and pretreatment clinical factors and developed a prognostic nomogram of overall survival (OS) of patients with bone metastasis.


METHODS
From 1993 to 2011, 463 consecutive patients were treated for bone-metastatic prostate cancer. Data sets from 361 patients were used to develop a nomogram (training data), and data sets of 102 patients were used for validation of the nomogram (validation data). Using the external validation data set, the nomogram was assessed for discriminatory ability, and the predictions were assessed for calibration accuracy by plotting actual survival against predicted risk.


RESULTS
Of the 361 patients in the training data set, 205 (56.8%) patients died, 169 (46.8%) deaths of which were due to prostate cancer. The median follow-up period was 55.2 months. In the multivariate analysis, patient age, serum prostate-specific antigen level, clinical T stage, extent of disease on bone scan, and biopsy Gleason sum were independent prognostic factors. We developed a prognostic model comprising these five factors for patients with bone-metastatic prostate cancer. This nomogram can be used to estimate 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival probability. External validation of this model using 102 validation data sets showed reasonable accuracy (concordance index, 0.719).


CONCLUSIONS
Our pretreatment prognostic nomogram might be useful for Japanese patients with bone-metastatic prostate cancer.
Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan. miyoyasu@med.yokohama-cu.ac.jp.
Yasuhide
Y
Miyoshi
Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan. kazu0825@yokohama-cu.ac.jp.
Kazumi
K
Noguchi
Department of Urology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan. gdgxj016@yahoo.co.jp.
Masahiro
M
Yanagisawa
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan. taguri@yokohama-cu.ac.jp.
Masataka
M
Taguri
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan. smorita@urahp.yokohama-cu.ac.jp.
Satoshi
S
Morita
Department of Urology, Yokohama Minami Kyosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan. iichiban@yahoo.co.jp.
Ichiro
I
Ikeda
Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan. fujinamifa2@yahoo.co.jp.
Kiyoshi
K
Fujinami
Department of Urology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan. tamiura@kcch.jp.
Takeshi
T
Miura
Department of Urology, Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Yokosuka, Japan. kazuki1010@yahoo.co.jp.
Kazuki
K
Kobayashi
Department of Urology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan. hu0428@med.yokohama-cu.ac.jp.
Hiroji
H
Uemura
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D049451:Nomograms; D011379:Prognosis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery
D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen