Physiological relevance of food grade microcapsules: Impact of milk protein based microcapsules on inflammation in mouse models for inflammatory bowel diseases.
In order to increase beneficial effects of bioactive compounds in functional food and dietary supplements, enormous efforts are put in the technological development of microcapsules. Although these products are often tailor-made for disease susceptible consumer, the physiological impact of microcapsule uptake on the respective target consumer has never been addressed. The present study aimed to assess the relevance of this aspect by analyzing the impact of milk protein based microcapsules on experimental inflammatory bowel disease. Long-term feeding of sodium caseinate or rennet gel microcapsules resulted in significant alterations in the intestinal microbiota of healthy mice. In TNFΔARE/wt mice, a model for chronic ileal inflammation, rennet gel microcapsules resulted in further increased splenomegaly, whereas ileal inflammation was unchanged. In IL10(-/-) mice, a model for chronic colitis, both types of microcapsules induced a local increase of the intestinal inflammation. The present study is the first to demonstrate that, independent of their cargo, microcapsules have the potential to affect the intestinal microbiota and to exert unprecedented detrimental effects on disease-susceptible individuals. In conclusion, the impact of microcapsule uptake on the respective target consumer groups should be thoroughly investigated in advance to their commercial use in functional food or dietary supplements.
Chair for Food Process Engineering and Dairy Technology, ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
Rebecca
R
Würth
Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
Ilias
I
Lagkouvardos
Junior Research Group Intestinal Microbiome, ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
Thomas
T
Clavel
Chair for Food Process Engineering and Dairy Technology, ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
Julia
J
Wilke
Chair of Process Engineering of Disperse Systems, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
Petra
P
Foerst
Chair for Food Process Engineering and Dairy Technology, ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
Ulrich
U
Kulozik
Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
Dirk
D
Haller
Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
Gabriele
G
Hörmannsperger
D000818:Animals; D002214:Capsules; D002364:Caseins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D012085:Chymosin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D003092:Colitis / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D005782:Gels; D007079:Ileitis / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013163:Splenomegaly / Q000209:etiology
D002214:Capsules; D002364:Caseins; D005782:Gels; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008894:Milk Proteins; C025350:rennet; D012085:Chymosin
Functional food; IBD; Intestinal microbiota; Microencapsulation; Probiotics