The feasibility of epidemiological research on prostate cancer in African men in Ibadan, Nigeria.
BACKGROUND
Men of African descent have the highest incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer (PrCa) worldwide. Notably, PrCa is increasing in Africa with Nigerian men being mostly affected. Thus, it is important to understand risk factors for PrCa in Nigeria and build capacity for cancer research. The goals of this study were to determine the feasibility of conducting an epidemiological study of PrCa and to obtain preliminary data on risk factors for PrCa in Nigeria.


METHODS
A case-control study (50 cases/50 controls) was conducted at the University College Hospital (UCH) in Ibadan, Nigeria, between October 2011 and December 2012. Men aged 40 to 80 years were approached for the study and asked to provide informed consent and complete the research protocol. Logistic regression models were used to examine associations between demographic, social and lifestyle characteristics and risk of PrCa.


RESULTS
The participation rate among cases and controls was 98% and 93%, respectively. All participants completed a questionnaire and 99% (50 cases/49 controls) provided blood samples. Cases had a median serum diagnostic PSA of 73 ng/ml, and 38% had a Gleason score 8-10 tumor. Family history of PrCa was associated with a 4.9-fold increased risk of PrCa (95% CI 1.0 - 24.8). There were statistically significant inverse associations between PrCa and height, weight and waist circumference, but there was no association with body mass index (kg/m(2)). There were no associations between other socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics and PrCa risk.


CONCLUSIONS
This feasibility study demonstrated the ability to ascertain and recruit participants at UCH and collect epidemiological, clinical and biospecimen data. Our results highlighted the advanced clinical characteristics of PrCa in Nigerian men, and that family history of PrCa and some anthropometric factors were associated with PrCa risk in this population. However, larger studies are needed to better understand the epidemiological risk factors of PrCa in Nigeria.
Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Belfer Building, Room 1315-B, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA. ilir.agalliu@einstein.yu.edu.|Department of Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. ilir.agalliu@einstein.yu.edu.
Ilir
I
Agalliu
Department of Community Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. adebiyi20012002@yahoo.com.
Akin O
AO
Adebiyi
Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Belfer Building, Room 1315-B, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA. David.Lounsbury@einstein.yu.edu.
David W
DW
Lounsbury
Department of Community Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. drpopee2001@yahoo.com.
Oluwafemi
O
Popoola
Department of Community Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. kolajinad2@yahoo.com.
Kola
K
Jinadu
Institute of Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. amkemi@hotmail.com.
Olukemi
O
Amodu
Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Belfer Building, Room 1315-B, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA. sp1491@nyu.edu.
Suvam
S
Paul
Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Belfer Building, Room 1315-B, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA. adebola.adedimeji@einstein.yu.edu.
Adebola
A
Adedimeji
Department of Radiotherapy, Psycho-Oncology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. chiomasuzu20@yahoo.com.
Chioma
C
Asuzu
Department of Community Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. mcasuzu2003@yahoo.com.
Michael
M
Asuzu
Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. ogunbiyi@icloud.com.
Olufemi J
OJ
Ogunbiyi
Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Belfer Building, Room 1315-B, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA. Thomas.Rohan@einstein.yu.edu.
Thomas
T
Rohan
Department of Surgery, Urology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. obshittu@yahoo.com.
Olayiwola B
OB
Shittu
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008019:Life Style; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen