Quetiapine immediate release v. placebo for schizophrenia: systematic review, meta-analysis and reappraisal.
BACKGROUND
Immediate-release (IR) quetiapine has been used to treat schizophrenia since 1997, although all the principal placebo-controlled trials have >50% missing outcome data. New studies with relatively lower rates of participant withdrawal have since been published.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the efficacy and adverse effects of quetiapine IR for schizophrenia, with consideration of outcome quality and clinical meaningfulness of results, and to examine the potential impact of missing data on the main efficacy findings.


METHODS
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials comparing quetiapine IR and placebo (or subtherapeutic dose in relapse prevention trials) for the treatment of schizophrenia (PROSPERO registration CRD4201100165). Primary outcomes were change in overall symptoms and response rates. We also examined whether high rates of participant withdrawal (≥50%) attenuated effect sizes, and assessed the impact of making different assumptions about these people's outcomes.


RESULTS
We identified 15 relevant trials (including 2 unpublished), providing the first 12-week data for this drug and the first data on self-reported quality of life. We found quetiapine IR to have a weighted mean difference (WMD) of 6.5 points (95% CI -8.9 to -4) on Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total scores, which corresponds to a standardised mean difference (SMD) of -0.33 (95% CI -0.46 to -0.21). Longer trials reported larger mean differences favouring quetiapine IR, but the overall estimate was smaller if more conservative assumptions about the outcomes of people who left the trial early were made. Approximately 21 people needed to take quetiapine IR for 1 person to experience at least a 50% improvement in PANSS score. No difference in quality of life was observed (two RCTs), although small to moderate improvements in social functioning were found (three RCTs). Quetiapine IR caused sedation and increased rates of clinically significant weight gain, but no extrapyramidal effects were observed.


CONCLUSIONS
Quetiapine IR has a small beneficial effect on overall psychotic symptoms over 2-12 weeks, but also leads to weight gain and sedation.
Paul Hutton, DClinPsy, Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh; Peter J. Taylor, PhD, DClinPsy, Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool; Lee Mulligan, BSc, Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester; Sarah Tully, BSc, Psychosis Research Unit, Greater Manchester West Mental Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Manchester; Joanna Moncrieff, MD, Mental Health Sciences Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University College London, UK.
Paul
P
Hutton
Paul Hutton, DClinPsy, Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh; Peter J. Taylor, PhD, DClinPsy, Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool; Lee Mulligan, BSc, Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester; Sarah Tully, BSc, Psychosis Research Unit, Greater Manchester West Mental Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Manchester; Joanna Moncrieff, MD, Mental Health Sciences Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University College London, UK.
Peter J
PJ
Taylor
Paul Hutton, DClinPsy, Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh; Peter J. Taylor, PhD, DClinPsy, Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool; Lee Mulligan, BSc, Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester; Sarah Tully, BSc, Psychosis Research Unit, Greater Manchester West Mental Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Manchester; Joanna Moncrieff, MD, Mental Health Sciences Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University College London, UK.
Lee
L
Mulligan
Paul Hutton, DClinPsy, Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh; Peter J. Taylor, PhD, DClinPsy, Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool; Lee Mulligan, BSc, Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester; Sarah Tully, BSc, Psychosis Research Unit, Greater Manchester West Mental Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Manchester; Joanna Moncrieff, MD, Mental Health Sciences Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University College London, UK.
Sarah
S
Tully
Paul Hutton, DClinPsy, Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh; Peter J. Taylor, PhD, DClinPsy, Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool; Lee Mulligan, BSc, Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester; Sarah Tully, BSc, Psychosis Research Unit, Greater Manchester West Mental Health Foundation National Health Service Trust, Manchester; Joanna Moncrieff, MD, Mental Health Sciences Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University College London, UK.
Joanna
J
Moncrieff
D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D011788:Quality of Life; D000069348:Quetiapine Fumarate / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D057566:Self Report; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015430:Weight Gain
D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D000069348:Quetiapine Fumarate