Depressed affect and dietary restraint in adolescent boys' and girls' eating in the absence of hunger.
Data suggest that depressed affect and dietary restraint are related to disinhibited eating patterns in children and adults. Yet, experimental research has not determined to what extent depressed affect acutely affects eating in the absence of physiological hunger (EAH) in adolescents. In the current between-subjects experimental study, we measured EAH in 182 adolescent (13-17 y) girls (65%) and boys as ad libitum palatable snack food intake after youth ate to satiety from a buffet meal. Just prior to EAH, participants were randomly assigned to view either a sad or neutral film clip. Dietary restraint was measured with the Eating Disorder Examination. Adolescents who viewed the sad film clip reported small but significant increases in state depressed affect relative to adolescents who viewed the neutral film clip (p < .001). Yet, there was no main effect of film condition on EAH (p = .26). Instead, dietary restraint predicted greater EAH among girls, but not boys (p < .001). These findings provide evidence that adolescent girls' propensity to report restrained eating is associated with their greater disinhibited eating in the laboratory. Additional experimental research, perhaps utilizing a more potent laboratory stressor and manipulating both affective state and dietary restraint, is required to elucidate how state affect may interact with dietary restraint to influence EAH during adolescence.
Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Colorado State University, 303A Behavioral Sciences Building, Campus Delivery 1570, 410 Pitkin Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Nichole R
NR
Kelly
Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Colorado State University, 303A Behavioral Sciences Building, Campus Delivery 1570, 410 Pitkin Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. Electronic address: lauren.shomaker@colostate.edu.
Lauren B
LB
Shomaker
Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Courtney K
CK
Pickworth
Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Mariya V
MV
Grygorenko
Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Rachel M
RM
Radin
Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Anna
A
Vannucci
Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Lisa M
LM
Shank
Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Sheila M
SM
Brady
Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Amber B
AB
Courville
Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Marian
M
Tanofsky-Kraff
Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Jack A
JA
Yanovski
D000293:Adolescent; D000339:Affect; D001835:Body Weight; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications; D004032:Diet; D004435:Eating / Q000523:psychology; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology; D012528:Satiety Response; D000068356:Self-Control; D062410:Snacks
Dietary restraint; Eating in the absence of hunger; Emotional eating; Mood; Negative affect