532 nm Low-Power Laser Irradiation Facilitates the Migration of GABAergic Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells in Mouse Neocortex.
OBJECTIVE
Accumulating evidence has shown that low-power laser irradiation (LLI) affects cell proliferation and survival, but little is known about LLI effects on neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs). Here we investigate whether transcranial 532 nm LLI affects NSPCs in adult murine neocortex and in neurospheres from embryonic mice.


METHODS
We applied 532 nm LLI (Nd:YVO4, CW, 60 mW) on neocortical surface via cranium in adult mice and on cultured cells from embryonic mouse brains in vitro to investigate the proliferation and migration of NSPCs and Akt expression using immunohistochemical assays and Western blotting techniques.


RESULTS
In vivo experiments demonstrated that 532 nm LLI significantly facilitated the migration of GABAergic NSPCs that were induced to proliferate in layer 1 by mild ischemia. In vitro experiments using GABAergic NSPCs derived from embryonic day 14 ganglionic eminence demonstrated that 532 nm LLI for 60 min promoted the migration of GAD67-immunopositive NSPCs with a significant increase of Akt expression. Meanwhile, the LLI induced proliferation, but not migration, of NSPCs that give rise to excitatory neurons.


CONCLUSIONS
It is concluded that 532 nm LLI promoted the migration of GABAergic NSPCs into deeper layers of the neocortex in vivo by elevating Akt expression.
Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.
Yumi
Y
Fukuzaki
Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.
Hyeryun
H
Shin
Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.
Hideki D
HD
Kawai
Department of Environmental Engineering for Symbiosis, Faculty of Engineering, Soka University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.
Banri
B
Yamanoha
Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.
Shinichi
S
Kogure
D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000528:radiation effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000528:radiation effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D059330:GABAergic Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000528:radiation effects; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy / Q000379:methods; D051379:Mice; D019579:Neocortex / Q000166:cytology* / Q000196:embryology / Q000528:radiation effects; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism
D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt