Oxidative stress as an etiological factor and a potential treatment target of psychiatric disorders. Part 2. Depression, anxiety, schizophrenia and autism.
The pathophysiology of psychiatric diseases, including depression, anxiety, schizophrenia and autism, is far from being fully elucidated. In recent years, a potential role of the oxidative stress has been highlighted in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders. A body of clinical and preclinical evidence indicates that psychiatric diseases are characterized by higher levels of oxidative biomarkers and with lower levels of antioxidant defense biomarkers in the brain and peripheral tissues. In this article, we review current knowledge on the role of the oxidative stress in psychiatric diseases, based on clinical trials and animal studies, in addition, we analyze the effects of drug-induced modulation of oxidative balance and explore pharmacotherapeutic strategies for oxidative stress reduction.
Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
Irena
I
Smaga
Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
Ewa
E
Niedzielska
Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
Maciej
M
Gawlik
Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
Andrzej
A
Moniczewski
Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
Jan
J
Krzek
Laboratory of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
Edmund
E
Przegaliński
Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
Joanna
J
Pera
Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland; Laboratory of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland. Electronic address: mal.fil@if-pan.krakow.pl.
Małgorzata
M
Filip
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers
Animal study; Antioxidant defense molecule; Clinical study; Non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant; Oxidative biomarker