Small-scale experimental study of vaporization flux of liquid nitrogen released on water.
A small-scale experimental study was conducted using liquid nitrogen to investigate the convective heat transfer behavior of cryogenic liquids released on water. The experiment was performed by spilling five different amounts of liquid nitrogen at different release rates and initial water temperatures. The vaporization mass fluxes of liquid nitrogen were determined directly from the mass loss measured during the experiment. A variation of initial vaporization fluxes and a subsequent shift in heat transfer mechanism were observed with changes in initial water temperature. The initial vaporization fluxes were directly dependent on the liquid nitrogen spill rate. The heat flux from water to liquid nitrogen determined from experimental data was validated with two theoretical correlations for convective boiling. It was also observed from validation with correlations that liquid nitrogen was found to be predominantly in the film boiling regime. The substantial results provide a suitable procedure for predicting the heat flux from water to cryogenic liquids that is required for source term modeling.
Mary Kay O'Connor Process Safety Center, Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX 77843-3122, USA.
Nirupama
N
Gopalaswami
Mary Kay O'Connor Process Safety Center - Qatar, Texas A&M University at Qatar, PO Box 23874, Doha, Qatar.
Tomasz
T
Olewski
Mary Kay O'Connor Process Safety Center - Qatar, Texas A&M University at Qatar, PO Box 23874, Doha, Qatar.
Luc N
LN
Véchot
Mary Kay O'Connor Process Safety Center, Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX 77843-3122, USA. Electronic address: mannan@tamu.edu.
M Sam
MS
Mannan
D055884:Chemical Hazard Release; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry*; D044367:Phase Transition; D013814:Thermal Conductivity; D014835:Volatilization; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*
D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D009584:Nitrogen
Convective boiling; LNG; Liquid nitrogen; Source term; Vaporization