Factors associated with physical or sexual intimate partner violence perpetration by men attending substance misuse treatment in Catalunya: A mixed methods study.
BACKGROUND
Prevalence of intimate partner violence perpetration is higher among male substance misusers than men in the general population. Previous studies have included few risk factors, limiting their capacity to inform interventions.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to examine factors associated with intimate partner violence by male substance misusers.


METHODS
Two hundred and thirty-five men in treatment for substance misuse completed surveys that included the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale and the Psychological Maltreatment of Women Inventory (PMWI). Variables significant in bivariate analyses were entered into multiple logistic regression analyses. Seventeen in-depth interviews were conducted with perpetrators and analysed using a framework approach.


RESULTS
Just over a third of the men (34%) had been violent in the last year to their current/most recent partner. After excluding the men's own domestic victimisation from the multivariate model, perpetratation of such violence was significantly and independently associated with lower level of education, having higher PMWI dominance-isolation and emotional-verbal subscale scores and parents who had separated/divorced, and at a lower level of significance, childhood physical abuse, hazardous drinking and cocaine as the principal drug for which treatment was sought. Interview data suggested that perpetrators 'blamed' alcohol or cocaine use, jealousy, control and provocation or 'fighting back' for their behaviour.


CONCLUSIONS
Intimate partner violence is common among men attending substance misuse treatment. Integrated interventions should that address both intimate partner violence and substance misuse should be considered. Areas for intervention would include reducing dominating-isolating behaviours and emotional-verbal abuse, improving communication skills, challenging gender-specific roles and believing that substance use 'causes' violent behaviour.
National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Gail
G
Gilchrist
Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Parc de Salut Mar de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Alicia
A
Blazquez
Department of Health, Programme on Substance Abuse, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
Lidia
L
Segura
Department of Health, Programme on Substance Abuse, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
Heinrich
H
Geldschläger
Department of Health, Programme on Substance Abuse, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
Ester
E
Valls
Department of Health, Programme on Substance Abuse, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
Joan
J
Colom
Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Parc de Salut Mar de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|Department Of Psychiatry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Marta
M
Torrens
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055030:Drug Users / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D000066511:Intimate Partner Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012747:Sexual Partners / Q000523:psychology*; D013030:Spain; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires