Whole Genomic Analysis of Human G12P[6] and G12P[8] Rotavirus Strains that Have Emerged in Myanmar.
G12 rotaviruses are emerging rotavirus strains causing severe diarrhea in infants and young children worldwide. However, the whole genomes of only a few G12 strains have been fully sequenced and analyzed. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the complete genomes of six G12 strains (RVA/Human-tc/MMR/A14/2011/G12P[8], RVA/Human-tc/MMR/A23/2011/G12P[6], RVA/Human-tc/MMR/A25/2011/G12P[8], RVA/Human-tc/MMR/P02/2011/G12P[8], RVA/Human-tc/MMR/P39/2011/G12P[8], and RVA/Human-tc/MMR/P43/2011/G12P[8]) detected in six stool samples from children with acute gastroenteritis in Myanmar. On whole genomic analysis, all six Myanmarese G12 strains were found to have a Wa-like genetic backbone: G12-P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1 for strains A14, A25, P02, P39, and P43, and G12-P[6]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1 for strain A23. Phylogenetic analysis showed that most genes of the six strains examined in this study were genetically related to globally circulating human G1, G3, G9, and G12 strains. Of note is that the NSP4 gene of strain A23 exhibited the closest relationship with the cognate genes of human-like bovine strains as well as human strains, suggesting the occurrence of reassortment between human and bovine strains. Furthermore, strains A14, A25, P02, P39, and P43 were very closely related to one another in all the 11 gene segments, indicating derivation of the five strains from a common origin. On the other hand, strain A23 consistently formed distinct clusters as to all the 11 gene segments, indicating a distinct origin of strain A23 from that of strains A14, A25, P02, P39, and P43. To our knowledge, this is the first report on whole genome-based characterization of G12 strains that have emerged in Myanmar. Our observations will provide important insights into the evolutionary dynamics of spreading G12 rotaviruses in Asia.
Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
Tomihiko
T
Ide
Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
Satoshi
S
Komoto
Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
Kyoko
K
Higo-Moriguchi
Nay Pyi Taw General Hospital (Central Myanmar), Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar.
Khaing Win
KW
Htun
Department of Medical Research (Upper Myanmar), Pyin Oo Lwin, Myanmar.
Yi Yi
YY
Myint
Department of Medical Research (Lower Myanmar), Yangon, Myanmar.
Theingi Win
TW
Myat
Department of Medical Research (Lower Myanmar), Yangon, Myanmar.
Kyaw Zin
KZ
Thant
Department of Medical Research (Lower Myanmar), Yangon, Myanmar.
Hlaing Myat
HM
Thu
Department of Medical Research (Lower Myanmar), Yangon, Myanmar.
Mo Mo
MM
Win
Department of Traditional Medicine (Central Myanmar), Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar.
Htun Naing
HN
Oo
Ministry of Health (Central Myanmar), Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar.
Than
T
Htut
Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
Mitsutaka
M
Wakuda
Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Electron Microscopy and Histopathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.
Francis Ekow
FE
Dennis
Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo, Japan.
Kei
K
Haga
Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo, Japan.
Yoshiki
Y
Fujii
Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo, Japan.
Kazuhiko
K
Katayama
Immunology Research Institute in Gifu, EW Nutrition Japan, Gifu, Japan.
Shofiqur
S
Rahman
Immunology Research Institute in Gifu, EW Nutrition Japan, Gifu, Japan.
Sa Van
SV
Nguyen
Immunology Research Institute in Gifu, EW Nutrition Japan, Gifu, Japan.
Kouji
K
Umeda
Department of Bacteriology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
Keiji
K
Oguma
Department of Microbiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
Takao
T
Tsuji
Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
Koki
K
Taniguchi
D001483:Base Sequence; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016679:Genome, Viral; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D002052:Myanmar; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000378:metabolism; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
D012367:RNA, Viral