Electrochemical detection of Bisphenol A with high sensitivity and selectivity using recombinant protein-immobilized graphene electrodes.
A novel Bisphenol A (4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol, BPA) sensor was developed harnessing an electrochemical platform comprising a layer-by-layer assembled reduced graphene oxide (rGO) electrode and a designer probe specifically recognizing BPA. The BPA detection probe, a recombinant protein (LacI-BPA), was constructed by fusing a disulfide-constrained high affinity BPA binding peptide (CKSLENSYC) to the C-terminus of Lac repressor (LacI). Following expression and purification, the LacI-BPA was heat-denatured on-purpose to facilitate its direct adhesion on the rGO electrode surface via pi-stacking interaction. When the performance of the fabricated BPA sensor (LacI-BPA/rGO) was assessed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), it showed a wide linear dynamic range of BPA detection spanning from 100 fM to 10nM. Moreover, our BPA sensor exhibited negligible cross reactivity to BPA analogs such as Bisphenol S (BPS) and Bisphenol F (BPF) and almost complete spike recovery of BPA from plastic extracts containing various potential interferents. With these merits, the BPA sensor developed in the present study is expected to find practical application in selective and sensitive detection of BPA from diverse sample solutions.
SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
Kwang Su
KS
Kim
SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
Ji-Ryang
JR
Jang
SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: checws@skku.edu.
Woo-Seok
WS
Choe
SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: pjyoo@skku.edu.
Pil J
PJ
Yoo
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D058266:Dielectric Spectroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D004867:Equipment Design; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry; D055767:Immobilized Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D056968:Lac Repressors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D010969:Plastics / Q000737:chemistry; D011485:Protein Binding; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014170:Transformation, Genetic; D015854:Up-Regulation; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D006108:Graphite; D055767:Immobilized Proteins; D056968:Lac Repressors; D010087:Oxides; D010636:Phenols; D010969:Plastics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
Biosensor; Bisphenol A; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; Recombinant Lac repressor; Reduced graphene oxide