Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and molecular typing of salmonella typhi isolated from patients with typhoid fever in Lebanon.
The objective of this study was to examine the epidemiology and the clinical manifestations of typhoid fever as well as the susceptibility and strain relatedness of Salmonella typhi isolates in Lebanon from 2006 to 2007. A total of 120 patients with typhoid fever were initially identified from various areas of the country based on positive culture results for S. typhi from blood, urine, stools, bone marrow and/or positive serology. Clinical, microbiological and molecular analysis was performed on cases with complete data available. These results indicated that drinking water was an unlikely mode of transmission of the infection. Despite increasing reports of antimicrobial resistance among S. typhi isolates, the vast majority of these isolates were susceptible to various antibiotic agents, including ampicillin, cephalosporins, quinolones, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Molecular analysis of the isolates revealed a predominance of one single genotype with no variation in distribution across the geographical regions.
Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon. Electronic address: sk11@aub.edu.lb.
Souha S
SS
Kanj
Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
Zeina A
ZA
Kanafani
Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Experimental Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
Marwa
M
Shehab
Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
Nisreen
N
Sidani
Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
Tania
T
Baban
Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
Kedak
K
Baltajian
Hammoud Hospital University Medical Center, Sidon, Lebanon.
Ghenwa K
GK
Dakdouki
Hammoud Hospital University Medical Center, Sidon, Lebanon.
Mohamad
M
Zaatari
Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
George F
GF
Araj
Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
Rima Hanna
RH
Wakim
Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
Ghassan
G
Dbaibo
Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Experimental Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
Ghassan M
GM
Matar
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007861:Lebanon / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D058889:Molecular Typing; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission; D014871:Water Microbiology
Enteric fever; Food borne diseases; Middle east; Molecular typing; Salmonella typhi; Typhoid fever