Agreement of central site measurements and land use regression modeled oxidative potential of PM2.5 with personal exposure.
Oxidative potential (OP) of ambient particulate matter (PM) has been suggested as a health-relevant exposure metric. In order to use OP for exposure assessment, information is needed about how well central site OP measurements and modeled average OP at the home address reflect temporal and spatial variation of personal OP. We collected 96-hour personal, home outdoor and indoor PM2.5 samples from 15 volunteers living either at traffic, urban or regional background locations in Utrecht, the Netherlands. OP was also measured at one central reference site to account for temporal variations. OP was assessed using electron spin resonance (OP(ESR)) and dithiothreitol (OP(DTT)). Spatial variation of average OP at the home address was modeled using land use regression (LUR) models. For both OP(ESR) and OP(DTT), temporal correlations of central site measurements with home outdoor measurements were high (R>0.75), and moderate to high (R=0.49-0.70) with personal measurements. The LUR model predictions for OP correlated significantly with the home outdoor concentrations for OP(DTT) and OP(ESR) (R=0.65 and 0.62, respectively). LUR model predictions were moderately correlated with personal OP(DTT) measurements (R=0.50). Adjustment for indoor sources, such as vacuum cleaning and absence of fume-hood, improved the temporal and spatial agreement with measured personal exposure for OP(ESR). OP(DTT) was not associated with any indoor sources. Our study results support the use of central site OP for exposure assessment of epidemiological studies focusing on short-term health effects.
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.178, 3508TD Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: Yang@uu.nl.
Aileen
A
Yang
Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.178, 3508TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Gerard
G
Hoek
Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.178, 3508TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Denise
D
Montagne
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Daan L A C
DL
Leseman
Air Quality & Sustainable Nanotechnology, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology (IUTA), e.V., Blierheimer Str. 58-60, 47229 Duisburg, Germany.
Bryan
B
Hellack
Air Quality & Sustainable Nanotechnology, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology (IUTA), e.V., Blierheimer Str. 58-60, 47229 Duisburg, Germany; Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University Duisburg-Essen, Carl-Benz-Straße 199, 47057 Duisburg, Germany.
Thomas A J
TA
Kuhlbusch
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.178, 3508TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Flemming R
FR
Cassee
Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.178, 3508TD Utrecht, The Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Bert
B
Brunekreef
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Nicole A H
NA
Janssen
D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009426:Netherlands; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D052638:Particulate Matter; D011786:Quality Control; D012044:Regression Analysis
D052638:Particulate Matter
Dithiothreitol; Electron spin resonance; Oxidative potential; Personal exposure