Exercise, but not acute sleep loss, increases salivary antimicrobial protein secretion.
Sleep deficiencies may play a role in depressing immune parameters. Little is known about the impact of exercise after sleep deprivation on mucosal immunity. The purpose of this study was to quantify salivary antimicrobial proteins (AMPs) in response to sleep loss before and after exercise. Four men and 4 women (age: 22.8 ± 2; : 49.1 ± 7.1 ml · kg(-1) · min(-1)) completed 2 exercise trials consisting of 45 minutes of running at 75% VO2peak after a normal night of sleep (CON) and after a night without sleep (WS). Exercise trials were separated by 10 ± 3 days. Saliva was collected before, immediately after, and 1 hour after exercise. LL-37, HNP1-3, Lactoferrin (Lac), and Lysozyme (Lys) were measured. Sleep loss did not affect the concentration or secretion rate of AMPs before or in response to exercise. However, exercise increased the concentration from pre- to post-exercise of LL-37 (pre: 15.5 ± 8.7; post: 22.3 ± 16.2 ng · ml(-1)), HNP1-3 (pre: 2.2 ± 2.3; post: 3.3 ± 2.5 µg · ml(-1)), Lac (pre: 5,234 ± 4,202; post: 12,283 ± 10,995 ng · ml(-1)), and Lys (pre: 5,831 ± 4,465; post: 12,542 ± 10,755 ng · ml(-1)), p <= 0.05. The secretion rates were higher immediately after and 1 hour after exercise compared with before exercise for LL-37 (pre: 3.1 ± 2.1; post: 5.1 ± 3.7; +1: 6.9 ± 8.4 ng · min(-1)), HNP1-3 (pre: 0.38 ± 0.38; post: 0.80 ± 0.75; +1: 0.84 ± 0.67 µg · min(-1)), Lac (pre: 1,096 ± 829; post: 2,948 ± 2,923; +1: 2,464 ± 3,785 ng · min(-1)), and Lys (pre: 1,534 ± 1,790; post: 3,042 ± 2,773; +1: 1,916 ± 1,682 ng · min-(1)), p <= 0.05. These data suggest that the major constituents of the mucosal immune system are unaffected by acute sleep loss and by exercise after acute sleep loss. Exercise increased the concentration and secretion rate of each AMP suggesting enhanced immunity and control of inflammation, despite limited sleep.
1Department of Kinesiology, California Baptist University, Riverside, California; and 2Department of Sports and Exercise Science, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, Texas.
Trevor L
TL
Gillum
Matthew R
MR
Kuennen
Micaela N
MN
Castillo
Nicole L
NL
Williams
Alex T
AT
Jordan-Patterson
D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal / Q000502:physiology*; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009113:Muramidase / Q000378:metabolism; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D012890:Sleep / Q000276:immunology; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000276:immunology*; D055815:Young Adult; D023084:alpha-Defensins / Q000378:metabolism; D054804:Cathelicidins
D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides; D023084:alpha-Defensins; C406413:human neutrophil peptide 1; C406416:human neutrophil peptide 2; C406427:human neutrophil peptide 3; D009113:Muramidase; D007781:Lactoferrin; D054804:Cathelicidins