Antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of ethanolic extract of Semecarpus anacardium (Linn.) bark.
BACKGROUND
Diabetes mellitus is a global health problem and constantly increasing day by day. The number of diabetic people in world is expected to rise to 366 million in 2030. The available drugs for diabetes, insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents have one or more side effects and search for new antidiabetic drugs with minimal or no side effects from medicinal plants is a challenging for us. The present study was undertaken to investigate the antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of Semecarpus anacardium (Linn.) (abbreviated as SF).


METHODS
The antidiabetic activity was determined by using alloxan-induced diabetic rats. After 15 days of treatment, serum biochemical parameters such as TC, TG, LDL, HDL, SGOT and SGPT were estimated. The survival rate, body weight, organ weight, liver glycogen and blood parameters (RBC and Hb) were also measured. The antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Phytochemical screening, total phenolic and total flavonoid content were determined by using standard methods.


RESULTS
The results showed that the survival rate was 100% in rats of Group SA 400. The effect of extract on blood glucose level in Groups SA 100, SA 200 and SA 400 were dose-dependent throughout the treatment period. No significant changes in organ weight to body weight ratio were observed, liver weights significantly improved in Groups SA 200 and SA 400. The bark extract exhibited significant (p < 0.05) anti-diabetic activity with lowering TC, TG, LDL level dose-dependently and protected liver which may be partially explained by attenuation of SGOT and SGPT levels and increases liver glycogen. The percentage of Hb and RBC counts were negatively correlated with the doses of extracts. In DPPH scavenging assay, IC50 values of SA extract and ascorbic acid were found 72.24 μg/ml and 17.81 μg/ml, respectively. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of steroids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, and tannins that were contribute to biological activity.


CONCLUSIONS
These results indicated that stem barks of S. anacardium possess strong anti-diabetic and antioxidant potentials and support traditional medicinal use for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and good source for natural antioxidants.
Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Drug Delivery Science, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical & Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan. ashrafali025@gmail.com.|Department of Pharmacy, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh. ashrafali025@gmail.com.
Md Ashraf
MA
Ali
Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh. drmirimam@gmail.com.
Mir Imam Ibne
MI
Wahed
Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh. nakhatun02@yahoo.com.
Naznin Ara
NA
Khatune
Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh. bmokaddes@yahoo.com.
Bytul Mokaddesur
BM
Rahman
Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh. rkb1976@gmail.com.
Ranjan Kumar
RK
Barman
Department of Pharmacy, Jessore University of Science and Technology, Jessore, Bangladesh. rafiqulislambd7@gmail.com.
Md Rafiqul
MR
Islam
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010851:Picrates / Q000378:metabolism; D024301:Plant Bark; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018547:Plant Stems; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D031023:Semecarpus / Q000737:chemistry*
D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005419:Flavonoids; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D010636:Phenols; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D001205:Ascorbic Acid