Photodegradation of Imidacloprid in Aqueous Solution by the Metal-Free Catalyst Graphitic Carbon Nitride using an Energy-Saving Lamp.
Imidacloprid has become a research hotspot, due to its high toxicity to bees and other nontarget organisms. Photodegradation is a common method for removing imidacloprid in an aquatic environment. Traditional methods of pesticide photodegradation have generally been confined by many factors, such as response to only high-energy ultraviolet light. Herein, the visible-light-driven photocatalyst graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was applied to the photodegradation of imidacloprid. Visible-light illumination (λ >400 nm) resulted in nearly 90% substrate transformation in 5 h. With the illumination of an energy-saving lamp, imidacloprid has also been mostly removed. 1-((6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methylhydroxy)imidazolidin-2-ylidene nitramide) and 4,5-dihydro-N-nitro-1-(3-pyridinylmethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-amine were the main photoproducts identified by LC-MS analysis. The photocatalytic mechanism has also been discussed. This work could provide new perspective that g-C3N4, as a good visible-light photocatalyst could be applied to the cleanup of environmental pesticide pollution.
Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuanxi Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
Xue
X
Liu
Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuanxi Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
Xiaoli
X
Wu
Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuanxi Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
Zhen
Z
Long
Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuanxi Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
Che
C
Zhang
Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuanxi Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
Yongqiang
Y
Ma
Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuanxi Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
Xianghong
X
Hao
Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuanxi Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
Hongyan
H
Zhang
Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuanxi Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
Canping
C
Pan
D002384:Catalysis; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry*; D008027:Light; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009570:Nitriles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000737:chemistry*; D010782:Photolysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*
D007093:Imidazoles; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009570:Nitriles; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D010575:Pesticides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C082359:imidacloprid; C011206:cyanogen; D006108:Graphite
graphitic carbon nitride; imidacloprid; mechanism; metal-free; photodegradation; visible light