Identification of known drugs targeting the endoplasmic reticulum stress response.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a multifunctional organelle, plays a central role in cellular signaling, development, and stress response. Dysregulation of ER homeostasis has been associated with human diseases, such as cancer, inflammation, and diabetes. A broad spectrum of stressful stimuli including hypoxia as well as a variety of pharmacological agents can lead to the ER stress response. In this study, we have developed a stable ER stress reporter cell line that stably expresses a β-lactamase reporter gene under the control of the ER stress response element (ESRE) present in the glucose-regulated protein, 78 kDa (GRP78) gene promoter. This assay has been optimized and miniaturized into a 1536-well plate format. In order to identify clinically used drugs that induce ER stress response, we screened approximately 2800 drugs from the NIH Chemical Genomics Center Pharmaceutical Collection (NPC library) using a quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) platform. From this study, we have identified several known ER stress inducers, such as 17-AAG (via HSP90 inhibition), as well as several novel ER stress inducers such as AMI-193 and spiperone. The confirmed drugs were further studied for their effects on the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), the X-box-binding protein (XBP1) splicing, and GRP78 gene expression. These results suggest that the ER stress inducers identified from the NPC library using the qHTS approach could shed new lights on the potential therapeutic targets of these drugs.
Life Science Solutions Group, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford, IL, 61105, USA.
Kun
K
Bi
Kana
K
Nishihara
Thomas
T
Machleidt
Spencer
S
Hermanson
Jun
J
Wang
Srilatha
S
Sakamuru
Ruili
R
Huang
Menghang
M
Xia
D051702:Activating Transcription Factor 6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods*; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D020218:Response Elements; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
C497111:ATF6 protein, human; D051702:Activating Transcription Factor 6; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; C000717247:HSPA5 protein, human; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D001618:beta-Lactamases