Oral tori in chronic hemodialysis patients.
BACKGROUND
This study investigated the epidemiology of torus palatinus (TP) and torus mandibularis (TM) in hemodialysis patients and analyzed the influences of hyperparathyroidism on the formation of oral tori.


METHODS
During 2013, 119 hemodialysis patients were recruited for dental examinations for this study.


RESULTS
The prevalence of oral tori in our sample group was high at 33.6% (40 of 119). The most common location of tori was TP (70.0%), followed by TM (20.0%), and then both TP and TM (10.0%). Of the 40 tori cases, most (67.5%) were <2 cm in size; moreover, the majority (52.5%) were flat in shape. In symmetry, most (70.0%) occurred in the midline, followed by bilateral sides (20.0%). Notably, the levels of intact parathyroid hormone did not differ in patients with or without tori (P = 0.611). Furthermore, patients with tori did not differ from patients without tori in inflammatory variables such as log high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (P = 1.000) or nutritional variables such as albumin (P = 0.247). Finally, there were no differences between patients with and without tori in adequacy of dialysis (P = 0.577).


CONCLUSIONS
Neither hyperparathyroidism nor inflammation malnutrition syndrome was found to contribute to the formation of oral tori in chronic hemodialysis patients. Further studies are warranted.
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou 333, Taiwan.
Pei-Jung
PJ
Chao
Department of Nephrology and Division of Clinical Toxicology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou 333, Taiwan ; Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan.
Huang-Yu
HY
Yang
Department of Nephrology and Division of Clinical Toxicology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou 333, Taiwan ; Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan.
Wen-Hung
WH
Huang
Department of Nephrology and Division of Clinical Toxicology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou 333, Taiwan ; Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan.
Cheng-Hao
CH
Weng
Department of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
I-Kuan
IK
Wang
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou 333, Taiwan.
Aileen I
AI
Tsai
Department of Nephrology and Division of Clinical Toxicology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou 333, Taiwan ; Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan ; Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan.
Tzung-Hai
TH
Yen
D000368:Aged; D005096:Exostoses / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008334:Mandible / Q000002:abnormalities*; D008875:Middle Aged; D021362:Palate, Hard / Q000002:abnormalities*; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013577:Syndrome