A sequential enriched design for target patient population in psychiatric clinical trials.
High placebo response is widely believed to be one major reason why many psychiatric clinical trials fail to demonstrate drug efficacy. In order to alleviate this problem, research has developed several enrichment designs, including the parallel design with a placebo lead-in phase, the sequential parallel design, and a recently proposed two-way enriched design. While these designs have been evaluated and discussed individually, their effectiveness against each other has not been rigorously compared. The current study examines the various enrichment designs simultaneously. Building on their strengths, we introduce a new improved design named' sequential enriched design' (SED) aimed at removing not only patients with high placebo response but also patients who do not respond to any treatment from the study. The SED begins with a double-blind placebo lead-in phase followed by a traditional parallel design in the first stage. Only patients who respond to the drug in the first stage are re-randomized to the drug or placebo at the second stage. We simulate data for a mixed population composed of four subgroups of patients who are predetermined as to whether they respond to drug or not as well as to placebo or not. By focusing on the target patients whose responses reflect the drug's efficacy,we evaluate the bias, mean squared error, and power for different designs. We demonstrate that the SED produces a less biased estimate for the target treatment effect and yields reasonably high power in general compared with the other designs.
Division of Biometrics I, Office of Biostatistics, Office of Translational Sciences, Center of Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, U.S.A.
Yeh-Fong
YF
Chen
Xiangmin
X
Zhang
Roy N
RN
Tamura
Chiung M
CM
Chen
D003198:Computer Simulation; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010919:Placebos; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000379:methods*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D012107:Research Design; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy
D010919:Placebos