Minimally invasive options for the brow and upper lid.
Eyebrow and upper eyelid aging occurs in all tissue planes, and manifests most commonly in skin quality, tissue volume loss (soft tissue and bone), and tissue descent. All these involutional changes are amenable to less-invasive (nonsurgical) interventions with natural and aesthetically pleasing results. It is critical for aesthetic facial surgeons to familiarize themselves with these procedures because they are in high demand by patients. This article outlines current concepts of nonsurgical management options for brow and upper eyelid aging. The anatomy and age-related changes in these structures are reviewed, and minimally invasive techniques to address these changes are detailed.
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
César A
CA
Briceño
Department of Ophthalmology, USC Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1450 San Pablo Street, 4th floor, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
Sandy X
SX
Zhang-Nunes
Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 150 North Robertson Boulevard, Suite 314, Beverly Hills, CA 90211, USA. Electronic address: gmassry@drmassry.com.
Guy G
GG
Massry
D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D004954:Esthetics; D005143:Eyelids / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005546:Forehead / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*
Brow; Eyebrow anatomy; Eyelid anatomy; Facial aging; Fillers; Neuromodulators; Upper eyelid