The roles of injury and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the development and outcomes of severe group A streptococcal soft tissue infections.
OBJECTIVE
This review summarizes clinical and basic science evidence linking trauma and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use to initiation and progression of severe group A streptococcal (GAS) soft tissue infection.


RESULTS
New evidence includes recent clinical series and controlled studies that lend support to an NSAID/GAS association, basic science studies that demonstrate unique roles for nonpenetrating injury and NSAID administration in initiation of cryptogenic GAS infection and experimental studies showing that nonselective NSAIDs accelerate disease progression and limit antibiotic efficacy in established GAS soft tissue infections. Potential mechanisms for these processes are discussed.


CONCLUSIONS
NSAIDs are important anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs; however, new experimental data suggest that nonselective NSAIDs do more than simply mask the signs and symptoms of developing GAS infection. A more thorough understanding of the triadic interplay of injury-triggered immune signaling, GAS soft tissue infection and NSAIDs is of significant clinical importance and could shift the current paradigm of pain management to avert the consequences of such devastating infections.
aU.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Research and Development, Boise, Idaho bUniversity of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Amy E
AE
Bryant
Clifford R
CR
Bayer
Michael J
MJ
Aldape
Dennis L
DL
Stevens
D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018461:Soft Tissue Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal