Habitual high intake of fatty fish is related to lower levels of F₂-isoprostane in healthy women.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine whether habitual dietary intake of fatty fish, whole grains, fruits and vegetables, or a combination of them all, is associated with oxidative stress levels, measured as urine concentration of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) in healthy women.


METHODS
Eighty-one participants were included in this cross-sectional study. Mean age of the women was 26.1 ± 6.2 (mean ± SD) years and mean body mass index (BMI) was 22.4 ± 3.0 kg/m(2). The concentration of 8-iso-PGF2α was determined in urine, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels were determined in blood. Participants' habitual fish, whole grain, fruit, and vegetable intake was estimated from a food frequency questionnaire.


RESULTS
In the multivariate analysis, there was a significant inverse association between 8-iso-PGF2α and high fatty fish intake (P < 0.001). Fatty fish intake was positively correlated to serum phospholipid concentrations of EPA (P = 0.001) and DHA (P = 0.002). A borderline effect of DHA was seen on 8-iso-PGF2α, but higher serum phospholipid concentrations of fatty acids were generally not related to lower F2-isoprostane levels. No overall effect from whole grains or fruits and vegetables was seen.


CONCLUSIONS
The results indicate that high intake of fatty fish is related to lower levels of oxidative stress, but high levels of ω-3 fatty acids in intake may not alone explain the effect. High habitual intake of whole grains or fruits and vegetables did not seem to affect the F2-isoprostane level.
Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Patrik
P
Hansson
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Lars
L
Barregård
Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Melina
M
Halltorp
Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Sara
S
Sibthorpe
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Food Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Cecilia
C
Svelander
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Food Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Ann-Sofie
AS
Sandberg
Oxidative Stress and Inflammation/Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University and Center of Excellence-Inflammation, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
Samar
S
Basu
Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Section for Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. Electronic address: Michael.hoppe@nutrition.gu.se.
Michael R
MR
Hoppe
Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Lena
L
Hulthén
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D028441:F2-Isoprostanes / Q000652:urine*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000097:blood; D012016:Reference Values; D017747:Seafood; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
D004041:Dietary Fats; D028441:F2-Isoprostanes; D010743:Phospholipids; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; D015237:Dinoprost
Diet; F(2)-isoprostane; Fish intake; Fruit; Oxidative stress; Vegetables; Women