Adrenaline in cardiac arrest: Prefilled syringes are faster.
OBJECTIVE
Standard ampoules and prefilled syringes of adrenaline are widely available in Australasian EDs for use in cardiac arrest. We hypothesise that prefilled syringes can be administered more rapidly and accurately when compared with the two available standard ampoules.


METHODS
This is a triple arm superiority study comparing the time to i.v. administration and accuracy of dosing of three currently available preparations of adrenaline.


RESULTS
In their standard packaging, prefilled syringes were on average more than 12 s faster to administer than the 1 mL 1:1000 ampoules and more than 16 s faster than the 10 mL 1:10,000 ampoules (P < 0.01 in both comparisons). With packaging removed, the time to administration was equal for the 1 mL (1:1000) ampoule and the prefilled syringe. Accuracy of dosing was excellent with both the 10 mL (1:10 000) ampoules and prefilled syringes. The 1 mL (1:1000) ampoules delivered a small number of markedly inaccurate doses, but these did not reach statistical significance.


CONCLUSIONS
The speed of administration of adrenaline utilising a Minijet (CSL Limited, Parkville, Victoria, Australia) is faster than using adrenaline in glass ampoules presented in their plastic packaging. Removing the plastic packaging from the 1 mL (1 mg) ampoule might result in more rapid administration similar to the Minijet. Resuscitation personnel requiring rapid access to adrenaline should consider storing it as either Minijets or ampoules devoid of packaging. These results might be extrapolatable to other clinical scenarios, including pre-hospital and anaesthesia, where other drugs are required for rapid use.
Emergency Department, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Claire
C
Helm
Emergency Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Mark
M
Gillett
D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001315:Australia; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D013594:Syringes
D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D004837:Epinephrine
Minijet; adrenaline; ampoule; dose accuracy; time to administer