Individual variability analysis of fluorescence parameters measured in skin with different levels of nutritive blood flow.
Fluorescence spectroscopy has recently become more common in clinical medicine. However, there are still many unresolved issues related to the methodology and implementation of instruments with this technology. In this study, we aimed to assess individual variability of fluorescence parameters of endogenous markers (NADH, FAD, etc.) measured by fluorescent spectroscopy (FS) in situ and to analyse the factors that lead to a significant scatter of results. Most studied fluorophores have an acceptable scatter of values (mostly up to 30%) for diagnostic purposes. Here we provide evidence that the level of blood volume in tissue impacts FS data with a significant inverse correlation. The distribution function of the fluorescence intensity and the fluorescent contrast coefficient values are a function of the normal distribution for most of the studied fluorophores and the redox ratio. The effects of various physiological (different content of skin melanin) and technical (characteristics of optical filters) factors on the measurement results were additionally studied. The data on the variability of the measurement results in FS should be considered when interpreting the diagnostic parameters, as well as when developing new algorithms for data processing and FS devices.
Photonics and Nanoscience Group, Division of Physics, School of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK; Biomedical Photonics Instrumentation Group, Scientific-Educational Center of "Biomedical Engineering", State University - Education-Science-Production Complex, Oryol 302020, Russia. Electronic address: a.v.dunaev@dundee.ac.uk.
Andrey V
AV
Dunaev
Biomedical Photonics Instrumentation Group, Scientific-Educational Center of "Biomedical Engineering", State University - Education-Science-Production Complex, Oryol 302020, Russia.
Victor V
VV
Dremin
Biomedical Photonics Instrumentation Group, Scientific-Educational Center of "Biomedical Engineering", State University - Education-Science-Production Complex, Oryol 302020, Russia.
Evgeny A
EA
Zherebtsov
Division of Imaging and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.
Ilya E
IE
Rafailov
Division of Imaging and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK; Optoelectronics and Biomedical Photonics Group, Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
Karina S
KS
Litvinova
Photonics and Nanoscience Group, Division of Physics, School of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK; Division of Imaging and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.
Scott G
SG
Palmer
Division of Imaging and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.
Neil A
NA
Stewart
Optoelectronics and Biomedical Photonics Group, Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
Sergei G
SG
Sokolovski
Optoelectronics and Biomedical Photonics Group, Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
Edik U
EU
Rafailov
D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D044383:Black People; D001810:Blood Volume / Q000502:physiology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000098:blood supply; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D008297:Male; D008543:Melanins / Q000378:metabolism; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult
D008543:Melanins
Distribution function; Fluorescence spectroscopy; Fluorophores; Individual variability; Metrological support; Non-invasive diagnostics; Physiological scatter