Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Fasciola flukes from eastern India.
Fasciola flukes from eastern India were characterized on the basis of spermatogenesis status and nuclear ITS1. Both Fasciola gigantica and aspermic Fasciola flukes were detected in Imphal, Kohima, and Gantoku districts. The sequences of mitochondrial nad1 were analyzed to infer their phylogenetical relationship with neighboring countries. The haplotypes of aspermic Fasciola flukes were identical or showed a single nucleotide substitution compared to those from populations in the neighboring countries, corroborating the previous reports that categorized them in the same lineage. However, the prevalence of aspermic Fasciola flukes in eastern India was lower than those in the neighboring countries, suggesting that they have not dispersed throughout eastern India. In contrast, F. gigantica was predominant and well diversified, and the species was thought to be distributed in the area for a longer time than the aspermic Fasciola flukes. Fasciola gigantica populations from eastern India were categorized into two distinct haplogroups A and B. The level of their genetic diversity suggests that populations belonging to haplogroup A have dispersed from the west side of the Indian subcontinent to eastern India with the artificial movement of domestic cattle, Bos indicus, whereas populations belonging to haplogroup B might have spread from Myanmar to eastern India with domestic buffaloes, Bubalus bubalis.
Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda, 3-18-8, Morioka 020-8550, Japan; Department of Pathogenic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
Kei
K
Hayashi
Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda, 3-18-8, Morioka 020-8550, Japan.
Madoka
M
Ichikawa-Seki
Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda, 3-18-8, Morioka 020-8550, Japan; Department of Pathogenic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
Uday Kumar
UK
Mohanta
Department of Microbiology, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Sikkim Manipal University, Gangtok, Sikkim, India.
T Shantikumar
TS
Singh
Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda, 3-18-8, Morioka 020-8550, Japan; Department of Pathogenic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
Takuya
T
Shoriki
Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
Hiromu
H
Sugiyama
Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda, 3-18-8, Morioka 020-8550, Japan. Electronic address: itagaki@iwate-u.ac.jp.
Tadashi
T
Itagaki
D000818:Animals; D002020:Buffaloes / Q000469:parasitology; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology; D005209:Fasciola / Q000235:genetics*; D005211:Fascioliasis / Q000235:genetics / Q000662:veterinary*; D006239:Haplotypes; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000201:enzymology; D009245:NADH Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny
D009245:NADH Dehydrogenase
Aspermic Fasciola flukes; Eastern India; Fasciola gigantica; ITS1; Molecular phylogeny; nad1