PRR-signaling pathways: Learning from microbial tactics.
Recognition of bacterial pathogens by the mammalian host relies on the induction of early innate immune responses initiated by the activation of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) upon sensing of their cognate microbe-associated-patterns (MAMPs). Successful pathogens have evolved to intercept PRR activation and signaling at multiple steps. The molecular dissection of the underlying mechanisms revealed many of the basic mechanisms used by the immune system. Here we provide an overview of the different strategies used by bacterial pathogens and commensals to subvert and reprogram PPR-mediated innate immune responses. A particular attention is given to recent discoveries highlighting novel molecular details of the host inflammatory response in mammalian cells and current advances in our understanding of the interaction of commensals with PRR-mediated responses.
Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
Gernot
G
Sellge
Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Department of Immunology, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany. Electronic address: thomas.kufer@uni-hohenheim.de.
Thomas A
TA
Kufer
D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D002462:Cell Membrane; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000276:immunology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013559:Symbiosis
D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition
Actin; Inflammation; Kinase; NLR; Signaling; T3SS; TLR