The Muscle Appearance Satisfaction Scale: A factorial analysis of validity and reliability for its use on adult Chinese male weightlifters.
Muscle dysmorphia (MD) is the distorted perception of men's own muscle appearance. The increasing popularity of weightlifting in Chinese men suggests the presence of MD. The study assessed the validity and reliability of the Muscle Appearance Satisfaction Scale (MASS) for its use on adult Chinese males. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of responses from 225 and 592 participants confirmed the same five factors for the 17-item Chinese version as the original MASS (CFI=.931, RMSEA=.052). The internal consistency for all factors were acceptable (Cronbach's α=.636 to .737). Correlation levels of its subscales with converging measurements indicated that the revised MASS is effective in assessing MD in Chinese male weightlifters. Differences in the importance of the factors suggest an influence of Chinese culture in the symptoms of MD and the need of assessing the MASS with populations from distinct demographics in China and from different cultures.
General Sport Administration of China's Key Laboratory of Sports Psychological and Physiological Regulation, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 300381, People's Republic of China.
Xinhong
X
Jin
General Sport Administration of China's Key Laboratory of Sports Psychological and Physiological Regulation, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 300381, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: yahongking@hotmail.com.
Yahong
Y
Jin
School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia. Electronic address: shi.zhou@scu.edu.au.
Shi
S
Zhou
General Sport Administration of China's Key Laboratory of Sports Psychological and Physiological Regulation, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 300381, People's Republic of China.
Xinhao
X
Li
Vision Performance Institute, College of Optometry, Pacific University, 2043 College Way, Forest Grove, OR 97116, USA.
Shun-Nan
SN
Yang
General Sport Administration of China's Key Laboratory of Sports Psychological and Physiological Regulation, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 300381, People's Republic of China.
Donglin
D
Yang
School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
Johanna E
JE
Nieuwoudt
General Sport Administration of China's Key Laboratory of Sports Psychological and Physiological Regulation, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 300381, People's Republic of China.
Jiaxin
J
Yao
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology*; D057215:Body Dysmorphic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology*; D001828:Body Image / Q000523:psychology*; D002681:China; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012945:Social Values; D013008:Somatotypes / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014891:Weight Lifting / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
Body image; Muscle Appearance Satisfaction Scale; Muscle dysmorphia; Scale adaption; Weightlifting