Identification of the Full 46 Cytochrome P450 (CYP) Complement and Modulation of CYP Expression in Response to Water-Accommodated Fractions of Crude Oil in the Cyclopoid Copepod Paracyclopina nana.
The 46 cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene superfamily was identified in the marine copepod Paracyclopina nana after searching an RNA-seq database and comparing it with other copepod CYP gene families. To annotate the 46 Pn-CYP genes, a phylogenetic analysis of CYP genes was performed using a Bayesian method. Pn-CYP genes were separated into five different clans: CYP2, CYP3, CYP20, CYP26, and mitochondrial. Among these, the principal Pn-CYP genes involved in detoxification were identified by comparing them with those of the copepod Tigriopus japonicus and were examined with respect to their responses to exposure to a water-accommodated fraction (WAF) of crude oil and to the alkylated forms of two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; phenanthrene and fluorene). The expression of two Pn-CYP3027 genes (CYP3027F1 and CYP3027F2) was increased in response to WAF exposure and also was upregulated in response to the two alkylated PAHs. In particular, Pn-CYP3027F2 showed the most notable increase in response to 80% WAF exposure. These two responsive CYP genes (Pn-CYP3027F1 and CYP3027F2) were also phylogenetically clustered into the same clade of the WAF- and alkylated PAH-specific CYP genes of the copepod T. japonicus, suggesting that these CYP genes would be those chiefly involved in detoxification in response to WAF exposure in copepods. In this paper, we provide information on the copepod P. nana CYP gene superfamily and also speculate on its potential role in the detoxification of PAHs in marine copepods. Despite the nonlethality of WAF, Pn-CYP3027F2 was rapidly and significantly upregulated in response to WAF that may serve as a useful biomarker of 40% or higher concentration of WAF exposure. This paper will be helpful to better understand the molecular mechanistic events underlying the metabolism of environmental toxicants in copepods.
†Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, South Korea.
Jeonghoon
J
Han
†Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, South Korea.
Eun-Ji
EJ
Won
†Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, South Korea.
Hui-Su
HS
Kim
‡Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States.
David R
DR
Nelson
§Department of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea.
Su-Jae
SJ
Lee
∥Department of Marine Resource Development, College of Life Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 210-702, South Korea.
Heum Gi
HG
Park
†Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, South Korea.
Jae-Seong
JS
Lee
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D033342:Copepoda / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010578:Petroleum / Q000032:analysis*; D010802:Phylogeny; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000633:toxicity; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
D010578:Petroleum; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014867:Water; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System