Vascular response to 1 week of sleep restriction in healthy subjects. A metabolic response?
BACKGROUND
Sleep loss may induce endothelial dysfunction, a key factor in cardiovascular risk. We examined the endothelial function during one week of sleep restriction and a recovery period (from 3-to-13 days) in healthy subjects, and its link to autonomic, inflammatory and/or endocrine responses.


METHODS
12 men were followed at baseline (B1, 8-h sleep), after 2 (SR2) and 6 (SR6) days of SR (4-h sleep: 02:00-06:00) and after 1 (R1) and 12 (R12) recovery nights (8h sleep). At 10:00, we assessed changes in: arm cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) induced by local application of methacholine (MCh), cathodal current (CIV) and heat (44°C), finger CVC and skin temperature (Tfi) during local cold exposure (5°C, 20-min) and passive recovery (22°C, 20-min). Blood samples were collected at 08:00.


RESULTS
Compared with baseline (B1), MCh and heat-induced maximal CVC values (CVC peak) were decreased at SR6 and R1. No effect of SR was observed for Tfi and CVC during immersion whereas these values were lower during passive recovery on SR6 and R1. From SR2 to R12, plasma concentrations of insulin, IGF-1 (total and free) and MCP-1 were significantly increased while those of testosterone and prolactin were decreased. Whole-blood blood mRNA concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β were higher than B1. No changes in noradrenaline concentrations, heart rate and blood pressure were observed.


CONCLUSIONS
These results demonstrate that SR reduces endothelial-dependent vasodilatation and local tolerance to cold. This endothelial dysfunction is independent of blood pressure and sympathetic activity but associated with inflammatory and metabolic pathway responses (ClinicalTrials-NCT01989741).
Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées(IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; Université Paris Descartes, Hôtel Dieu, EA7330 VIFASOM (Vigilance, Fatigue, SOmmeil), Paris, France. Electronic address: fabien.sauvet@gmail.com.
Fabien
F
Sauvet
Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées(IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; Université Paris Descartes, Hôtel Dieu, EA7330 VIFASOM (Vigilance, Fatigue, SOmmeil), Paris, France.
Catherine
C
Drogou
Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées(IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; Université Paris Descartes, Hôtel Dieu, EA7330 VIFASOM (Vigilance, Fatigue, SOmmeil), Paris, France.
Clément
C
Bougard
Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées(IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; Université Paris Descartes, Hôtel Dieu, EA7330 VIFASOM (Vigilance, Fatigue, SOmmeil), Paris, France; Université de Lyon, Laboratoire de Physiologie de l'Exercice, Saint Etienne, France.
Pierrick J
PJ
Arnal
Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées(IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; Université Paris Descartes, Hôtel Dieu, EA7330 VIFASOM (Vigilance, Fatigue, SOmmeil), Paris, France.
Garance
G
Dispersyn
Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées(IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.
Cyprien
C
Bourrilhon
Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées(IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; Université Paris Descartes, Hôtel Dieu, EA7330 VIFASOM (Vigilance, Fatigue, SOmmeil), Paris, France.
Arnaud
A
Rabat
Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées(IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; Université Paris Descartes, Hôtel Dieu, EA7330 VIFASOM (Vigilance, Fatigue, SOmmeil), Paris, France.
Pascal
P
Van Beers
Université Paris Descartes, Hôtel Dieu, EA7330 VIFASOM (Vigilance, Fatigue, SOmmeil), Paris, France.
Danielle
D
Gomez-Merino
Université Paris Descartes, Hôtel Dieu, EA7330 VIFASOM (Vigilance, Fatigue, SOmmeil), Paris, France; Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Hôtel Dieu, APHP, Paris, France.
Brice
B
Faraut
Université Paris Descartes, Hôtel Dieu, EA7330 VIFASOM (Vigilance, Fatigue, SOmmeil), Paris, France; Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Hôtel Dieu, APHP, Paris, France.
Damien
D
Leger
Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées(IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; Université Paris Descartes, Hôtel Dieu, EA7330 VIFASOM (Vigilance, Fatigue, SOmmeil), Paris, France.
Mounir
M
Chennaoui
D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D003080:Cold Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
Endothelial function; Inflammation; Iontophoresis; Laser doppler; Sleep; Sleep restriction