The Impact of a 24-h Ultra-Marathon on Circulatory Endotoxin and Cytokine Profile.
The study aimed to determine circulatory endotoxin concentration, cytokine profile, and gastrointestinal symptoms of ultra-endurance runners (UER, n=17) in response to a 24-h continuous ultra-marathon competition (total distance range: 122-208 km) conducted in temperate ambient conditions (0-20 °C) in mountainous terrain. Body mass and body temperature were measured, and venous blood samples were taken before and immediately after competition. Samples were analysed for gram-negative bacterial endotoxin, C-reactive protein, cytokine profile, and plasma osmolality. Gastrointestinal symptoms were also monitored throughout competition. Mean exercise-induced body mass loss was (mean±SD) 1.7±1.8% in UER. Pre- and post-competition plasma osmolality in UER was 286±11 mOsmol·kg(-1) and 286±9 mOsmol·kg(-1), respectively. Pre- to post-competition increases (p<0.05) were observed for endotoxin (37%), C-reactive protein (2832%), IL-6 (3 436%), IL-1β (332%), TNF-α (35%), IL-10 (511%), and IL-8 (239%) concentrations in UER, with no change in the control group (CON; n=12) observed (p>0.05). Gastrointestinal symptoms were reported by 75% of UER, with no symptoms reported by CON. IL-10 (r=0.535) and IL-8 (r=0.503) were positively correlated with gastrointestinal symptoms. A 24-h continuous ultra-marathon competition in temperate ambient conditions resulted in a circulatory endotoxaemia and pro-inflammatory cytokinaemia, counteracted by a compensatory anti-inflammatory response.
Sport & Exercise Science Applied Research Group, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom.
S K
SK
Gill
Sport & Exercise Science Applied Research Group, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom.
J
J
Hankey
Sport & Exercise Science Applied Research Group, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom.
A
A
Wright
Sport & Exercise Science Applied Research Group, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom.
S
S
Marczak
Sport & Exercise Science Applied Research Group, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom.
K
K
Hemming
Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
D M
DM
Allerton
Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
P
P
Ansley-Robson
Nutrition and Dietetics, Monash University, Notting Hill, Australia.
R J S
RJ
Costa
D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004064:Digestive System / Q000503:physiopathology; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000097:blood*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology
D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D004731:Endotoxins