Determining the Long-term Effect of Antibiotic Administration on the Human Normal Intestinal Microbiota Using Culture and Pyrosequencing Methods.
The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of ciprofloxacin (500 mg twice daily for 10 days) or clindamycin (150 mg 4 times daily for 10 days) on the fecal microbiota of healthy humans for a period of 1 year as compared to placebo. Two different methods, culture and microbiome analysis, were used. Fecal samples were collected for analyses at 6 time-points. The interval needed for the normal microbiota to be normalized after ciprofloxacin or clindamycin treatment differed for various bacterial species. It took 1-12 months to normalize the human microbiota after antibiotic administration, with the most pronounced effect on day 11. Exposure to ciprofloxacin or clindamycin had a strong effect on the diversity of the microbiome, and changes in microbial composition were observed until the 12th month, with the most pronounced microbial shift at month 1. No Clostridium difficile colonization or C. difficile infections were reported. Based on the pyrosequencing results, it appears that clindamycin has more impact than ciprofloxacin on the intestinal microbiota.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Mamun-Ur
MU
Rashid
Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam.
Egijia
E
Zaura
Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam.
Mark J
MJ
Buijs
Research Group Microbiology and Systems Biology, TNO Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, Zeist, The Netherlands.
Bart J F
BJ
Keijser
Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam.
Wim
W
Crielaard
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Carl Erik
CE
Nord
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Andrej
A
Weintraub
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D058491:Bacterial Load; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002981:Clindamycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology*; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010919:Placebos; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D002981:Clindamycin; D002939:Ciprofloxacin
antibiotics; culture; intestinal microbiota; pyrosequencing