Efficacy of various cleaning solutions on saliva-contaminated zirconia for improved resin bonding.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of cleaning solutions on saliva-contaminated zirconia in comparison to air-abrasion in terms of resin bonding.


METHODS
For saliva-contaminated airabraded zirconia, seven cleaning methods)-no contamination (NC), water-spray rinsing (WS), additional airabrasion (AA), and cleaning with four solutions (Ivoclean [IC]; 1.0 wt% sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS], 1.0 wt% hydrogen peroxide [HP], and 1.0 wt% sodium hypochlorite [SHC])-were tested. The zirconia surfaces for each group were characterized using various analytical techniques. Three bonded resin (Panavia F 2.0) cylinders (bonding area: 4.5 mm(2)) were made on one zirconia disk specimen using the Ultradent jig method [four disks (12 cylinders)/group; a total of 28 disks]. After 5,000 thermocycling, all specimens were subjected to a shear bond strength test with a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/minute. The fractured surfaces were observed using an optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM).


RESULTS
Contact angle measurements showed that groups NC, AA, IC, and SHC had hydrophilic surfaces. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis showed similar elemental distributions between group AA and groups IC and SHC. Groups IC and SHC showed statistically similar bond strengths to groups NC and AA (P>.05), but not groups SDS and HP (P<.05). For groups WS, SDS, and HP, blister-like bubble formations were observed on the surfaces under SEM.


CONCLUSIONS
Within the limitations of this in vitro study, some of the cleaning solutions (IC or SHC) were effective in removing saliva contamination and enhancing the resin bond strength.
Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
Da-Hye
DH
Kim
Korea Textile Development Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
Jun-Sik
JS
Son
Faculty of Health Science, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.
Seong-Hwa
SH
Jeong
Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
Young-Kyung
YK
Kim
Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
Kyo-Han
0000-0002-0762-9608
KH
Kim
Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
Tae-Yub
0000-0002-9998-3099
TY
Kwon
Cleaning agent; Dental bonding; Saliva; Zirconia