Amino acid substitutions in the neuraminidase protein of an H9N2 avian influenza virus affect its airborne transmission in chickens.
Cases of H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) in poultry are increasing throughout many Eurasian countries, and co-infections with other pathogens have resulted in high morbidity and mortality in poultry. Few studies have investigated the genetic factors of virus airborne transmission which determine the scope of this epidemic. In this study, we used specific-pathogen-free chickens housed in isolators to investigate the airborne transmissibility of five recombinant H9N2 AIV rescued by reverse genetic technology. The results show that airborne transmission of A/Chicken/Shandong/01/2008 (SD01) virus was related to the neuraminidase (NA) gene, and four amino acid mutations (D368E, S370L, E313K and G381D) within the head region of the SD01 NA, reduced virus replication in the respiratory tract of chickens, reduced virus NA activity, and resulted in a loss of airborne transmission ability in chickens. Similarly, reverse mutations of these four amino acids in the NA protein of r01/NASS virus, conferred an airborne transmission ability to the recombinant virus. We conclude that these four NA residues may be significant genetic markers for evaluating potential disease outbreak of H9N2 AIV, and propose that immediate attention should be paid to the airborne transmission of this virus.
College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Taian, 271018, China. ljing20021812@163.com.|Taian Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changcheng Street, Taian, 271000, China. ljing20021812@163.com.|College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China. ljing20021812@163.com.
Jing
J
Lv
College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Taian, 271018, China. lmwei@sdau.edu.cn.
Liangmeng
L
Wei
College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Taian, 271018, China. lixiangbushimeng@126.com.
Yan
Y
Yang
Qingdao Chia Tai Co., Ltd, Qingwei Street, Qingdao, 266109, China. wangbx06@163.com.
Bingxiao
B
Wang
College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Taian, 271018, China. liangwei8991@163.com.
Wei
W
Liang
Institute of Military Veterinary PLA, Qinglong Street 1068, Changchun, 130000, China. gaoyuwei@gmail.com.
Yuwei
Y
Gao
Institute of Military Veterinary PLA, Qinglong Street 1068, Changchun, 130000, China. Xiaxzh@cae.cn.
Xianzhu
X
Xia
College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Taian, 271018, China. abigheart@163.com.
Lili
L
Gao
College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Taian, 271018, China. caiyum@163.com.
Yumei
Y
Cai
Taian Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changcheng Street, Taian, 271000, China. peiqh@163.com.
Peiqiang
P
Hou
Taian Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changcheng Street, Taian, 271000, China. yanghuili1960@163.com.
Huili
H
Yang
College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Taian, 271018, China. wangairong59627@163.com.
Airong
A
Wang
College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Taian, 271018, China. huangrongonly@163.com.
Rong
R
Huang
College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Taian, 271018, China. gjch306@sina.com.|School of dentistry and oral health Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, 271000, China. gjch306@sina.com.
Jing
J
Gao
College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Taian, 271018, China. chaitj117@163.com.
Tongjie
T
Chai
D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D053127:Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
D014764:Viral Proteins; D009439:Neuraminidase