Mechanisms of solvent resistance mediated by interplay of cellular factors in Pseudomonas putida.
A number of microorganisms have the ability to thrive in the presence of a range of toxic solvents. Tolerance to these chemicals is a multifactorial process, meaning that bacterial cells use a set of physiological and gene expression changes to overcome the damage imparted by these chemicals. This review focuses mainly on issues related to tolerance to aromatic hydrocarbons and butanol in Pseudomonas, although other microorganisms are also discussed. Pseudomonas putida strains contain a circular chromosome of approximately 6 Mbp which encodes about 5300 genes. A combination of physiological and biochemical assays, a genome-wide collection of mutants and several omics approaches have provided useful information to help identify functions involved in solvent tolerance in P. putida. The solvent response involves fine-tuning of lipid fluidity to adjust membrane functions including impermeabilization, activation of a general stress-response system, increased energy generation and induction of specific efflux pumps that extrude solvents to the medium. These responses are modulated at the transcriptional level by local and global regulators as well as by a number of sRNAs whose levels fluctuate with the presence of solvents in the environment. Taken as a whole these regulatory inputs orchestrate the complex network of metabolic responses observed after solvent addition.
Abengoa Research, Avd. de la Energía Solar 1, 41011 Sevilla, Spain CSIC- Estación Experimental del Zaidín. Profesor Albareda nº 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain juanluis.ramos@eez.csic.es.
Juan-Luis
JL
Ramos
Abengoa Research, Avd. de la Energía Solar 1, 41011 Sevilla, Spain.
Maria
M
Sol Cuenca
Abengoa Research, Avd. de la Energía Solar 1, 41011 Sevilla, Spain CSIC- Estación Experimental del Zaidín. Profesor Albareda nº 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain.
Carlos
C
Molina-Santiago
Abengoa Research, Avd. de la Energía Solar 1, 41011 Sevilla, Spain CSIC- Estación Experimental del Zaidín. Profesor Albareda nº 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain.
Ana
A
Segura
Abengoa Research, Avd. de la Energía Solar 1, 41011 Sevilla, Spain CSIC- Estación Experimental del Zaidín. Profesor Albareda nº 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain.
Estrella
E
Duque
Abengoa Research, Avd. de la Energía Solar 1, 41011 Sevilla, Spain.
María R
MR
Gómez-García
Abengoa Research, Avd. de la Energía Solar 1, 41011 Sevilla, Spain.
Zulema
Z
Udaondo
Bio-Iliberis R&D. Poligono Juncaril, calle Capileira nº 7, E-18121 Peligros, Granada, Spain.
Amalia
A
Roca
D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D016958:Pseudomonas putida / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D058727:RNA, Small Untranslated / Q000378:metabolism; D012997:Solvents / Q000633:toxicity*
D058727:RNA, Small Untranslated; D012997:Solvents
Pseudomonas; RND; antibiotic resistance; biocides; efflux pumps; solvent tolerance