Ionic liquid phase microextraction combined with fluorescence spectrometry for preconcentration and quantitation of carvedilol in pharmaceutical preparations and biological media.
BACKGROUND
Carvedilol belongs to a group of medicines termed non-selective beta-adrenergic blocking agents. In the presented approach, a practical and environmentally friendly microextraction method based on the application of ionic liquids (ILs) was followed by fluorescence spectrometry for trace determination of carvedilol in pharmaceutical and biological media.


METHODS
A rapid and simple ionic liquid phase microextraction was utilized for preconcentration and extraction of carvedilol. A hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL) was applied as a microextraction solvent. In order to disperse the IL through the aqueous media and extract the analyte of interest, IL was injected into the sample solution and a proper temperature was applied and then for aggregating the IL-phase, the sample was cooled in an ice water-bath. The aqueous media was centrifuged and IL-phase collected at the bottom of the test tube was introduced to the micro-cell of spectrofluorimeter, in order to determine the concentration of the enriched analyte.


RESULTS
Main parameters affecting the accuracy and precision of the proposed approach were investigated and optimized values were obtained. A linear response range of 10-250 μg I(-1) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.7 μg I(-1) were obtained.


CONCLUSIONS
Finally, the presented method was utilized for trace determination of carvedilol in commercial pharmaceutical preparations and biological media.
Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of science, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran. Zeeb.mohsen@gmail.com.
Mohsen
M
Zeeb
Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of science, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran. b_mirza@azad.ac.ir.
Behrooz
B
Mirza
D002227:Carbazoles / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000652:urine; D000077261:Carvedilol; D006801:Humans; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000652:urine; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature
D002227:Carbazoles; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D011412:Propanolamines; D000077261:Carvedilol