Seventy kilovolt ultra-low dose CT of the paranasal sinus: first clinical results.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the diagnostic image quality and radiation dose of low-dose 70 kV computed tomography (CT) of the paranasal sinus in comparison to 100 and 120 kV CT.


METHODS
CT of the paranasal sinus was performed in 127 patients divided into three groups using different tube voltages and currents (70 kV/75 mAs, ultra-low dose protocol, n = 44; 100 kV/40 mAs, standard low-dose protocol, n = 42; 120 kV/40 mAs, standard protocol, n = 41). CT dose index (CTDIvol), dose-length product (DLP), attenuation, image noise and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were compared between the groups using Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U-test. Subjective diagnostic image quality was compared by using a five-point scale (1 = non-diagnostic, 5 = excellent, read by two readers in consensus) and Cohen's weighted kappa analysis for interobserver agreement.


RESULTS
Radiation dose was significantly lower with 70 kV acquisition than 100 and 120 kV (DLP: 31 versus 52 versus 82 mGy·cm; CTDI 2.33 versus 3.95 versus 6.31 mGy, all p < 0.05). Mean SNR (70 kV: 0.37; 100 kV: 0.21; 120 kV: 0.13; p < 0.05) and organ attenuation increased significantly with lower voltages. All examinations showed diagnostic image quality. Subjective diagnostic image quality was higher with standard protocols than the 70 kV protocol (120 kV: 5.0; 100 kV: 4.5; 70 kV: 3.5, p < 0.05) without significant differences with substantial interobserver agreement (κ > 0.59).


CONCLUSIONS
The ultra-low dose (70 kV) CT imaging of the paranasal sinus allowed for significant dose reduction by 61% and an increased attenuation of organ structures in comparison to standard acquisition while maintaining diagnostic image quality with a slight reduction in subjective image quality.
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany. Electronic address: bbodelle@googlemail.com.
B
B
Bodelle
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
J L
JL
Wichmann
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
N
N
Klotz
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
T
T
Lehnert
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
T J
TJ
Vogl
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
W
W
Luboldt
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
B
B
Schulz
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010254:Paranasal Sinus Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult