Cancer immunotherapy and immune-related response assessment: The role of radiologists in the new arena of cancer treatment.
The recent advances in the clinical application of anti-cancer immunotherapeutic agents have opened a new arena for the treatment of advanced cancers. Cancer immunotherapy is associated with a variety of important radiographic features in the assessments of tumor response and immune-related adverse events, which calls for radiologists' awareness and in-depth knowledge on the topic. This article will provide the state-of-the art review and perspectives of cancer immunotherapy, including its molecular mechanisms, the strategies for immune-related response assessment on imaging and their pitfalls, and the emerging knowledge of radiologic manifestations of immune-related adverse events. The cutting edge clinical and radiologic investigations are presented to provide future directions.
Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Electronic address: Mizuki_Nishino@DFCI.HARVARD.EDU.
Mizuki
M
Nishino
Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Sree H
SH
Tirumani
Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Nikhil H
NH
Ramaiya
Department of Medical Oncology and Department of Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA.
F Stephen
FS
Hodi
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000639:trends; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D019496:Cancer Vaccines
Cancer; Drug toxicity; Immunotherapy; Oncologic imaging; Tumor response assessment