Prognostic and predictive value of epigenetic biomarkers and clinical factors in upper tract urothelial carcinoma.
OBJECTIVE
We conducted this study to identify gene promoter methylation status and clinical predictors for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) patients.


METHODS
Using methylation-sensitive PCR, we examined ten genes promoter methylation status in 687 UTUC patients.


RESULTS
A methylated promoter of three genes to predict higher tumor stage (T3 and T4), five genes to predict higher tumor grade (G3) and one gene to predict pN+ were certified in this study. Nine factors were significantly associated with poor cancer-specific survival. Six factors were considered as predictors to develop bladder recurrence after surgery.


CONCLUSIONS
Methylation occurs commonly in UTUCs, may affect carcinogenic mechanisms, and is a well predictive factor for cancer-specific survival and bladder recurrence in UTUCs.
Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing 100034, China.
Gengyan
G
Xiong
Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing 100034, China.
Jin
J
Liu
Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing 100034, China.
Qi
Q
Tang
Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing 100034, China.
Yu
Y
Fan
Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing 100034, China.
Dong
D
Fang
Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing 100034, China.
Kaiwei
K
Yang
Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing 100034, China.
Feng
F
Xie
Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing 100034, China.
Min
M
Zhang
Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing 100034, China.
Lei
L
Zhang
Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing 100034, China.
Libo
L
Liu
Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing 100034, China.
Cuijian
C
Zhang
Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing 100034, China.
Lin
L
Yao
Institute of Nephrology & Division of Nephrology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.
Li
L
Yang
Laboratory of Disease Genomics & Individualized Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Weimin
W
Ci
Department of Cell Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China.
Wei
W
Zhao
Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing 100034, China.
Yanqing
Y
Gong
Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing 100034, China.
Qun
Q
He
Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing 100034, China.
Kan
K
Gong
Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing 100034, China.
Zhisong
Z
He
Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing 100034, China.
Gang
G
Wang
Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing 100034, China.
Xuesong
X
Li
Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing 100034, China.
Yinglu
Y
Guo
Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing 100034, China.
Liqun
L
Zhou
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
epigenetic biomarkers; nomogram; oncological outcomes; predictive model; upper tract urothelial carcinoma