Urinary proteomics in renal pathophysiology: Impact of proteinuria.
Urinary differential proteomics is used to study renal pathophysiological mechanisms, find novel markers of biological processes and renal diseases, and stratify patients according to proteomic profiles. The proteomic procedure determines the pathophysiological meaning and clinical relevance of results. Urine samples for differential proteomic studies are usually normalized by protein content, regardless of its pathophysiological characteristics. In the field of nephrology, this approach translates into the comparison of a different fraction of the total daily urine output between proteinuric and nonproteinuric samples. Accordingly, alterations in the level of specific proteins found by this method reflect the relative presence of individual proteins in the urine; but they do not necessarily show alterations in their daily excretion, which is a key parameter for the understanding of the pathophysiological meaning of urinary components. For renal pathophysiology studies and clinical biomarker identification or determination, an alternative proteomic concept providing complementary information is based on sample normalization by daily urine output, which directly informs on changes in the daily excretion of individual proteins. This is clinically important because daily excretion (rather than absolute or relative concentration) is the only self-normalized way to evaluate the real meaning of urinary parameters, which is also independent of urine concentration.
Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL)-Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (IECSCYL), Salamanca, Spain.|Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.|Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, Fundación Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain.|Red Nacional de Investigaciones Renales (RedinRen), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Sandra M
SM
Sancho-Martínez
Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL)-Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (IECSCYL), Salamanca, Spain.
Laura
L
Prieto-García
Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL)-Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (IECSCYL), Salamanca, Spain.|Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
Víctor
V
Blanco-Gozalo
Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL)-Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (IECSCYL), Salamanca, Spain.|Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
Miguel
M
Fontecha-Barriuso
Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL)-Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (IECSCYL), Salamanca, Spain.|Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.|Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, Fundación Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain.|Red Nacional de Investigaciones Renales (RedinRen), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
José M
JM
López-Novoa
Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL)-Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (IECSCYL), Salamanca, Spain.|Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.|Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, Fundación Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain.|Red Nacional de Investigaciones Renales (RedinRen), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Francisco J
FJ
López-Hernández
D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000652:urine*; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000652:urine*; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics
D020543:Proteome
Physiological mechanisms; Proteinuria; Proteomics; Renal diseases; Urinary excretion