In Ovo Administration of Silver Nanoparticles and/or Amino Acids Influence Metabolism and Immune Gene Expression in Chicken Embryos.
Due to their physicochemical and biological properties, silver nanoparticles (NanoAg) have a wide range of applications. In the present study, their roles as a carrier of nutrients and an immunomodulator were tested in chicken embryos. Cysteine (Cys)+NanoAg injected embryos had smaller livers but heavier breasts on the 19th day of embryogenesis. Cys injected embryos had lower oxygen consumption compared to threonine (Thr) or NanoAg injected embryos. The energy expenditure in Thr+NanoAg, or NanoAg injected embryos was higher than Cys or Cys+NanoAg but was not different from uninjected control embryos. Relative expression of the hepatic insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) gene was higher in Cys or NanoAg injected embryos after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction. The gene expression of hepatic tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) did not differ among amino acids, NanoAg and uninjected controls in the non-LPS groups, but increased by many folds in the LPS treated NanoAg, Cys and Cys+NanoAg groups. In LPS treated spleens, TNF-α expression was also up-regulated by NanoAg, amino acids and their combinations, but interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression was down-regulated in Thr, Cys or Thr+NanoAg injected embryos. Toll like receptor-2 (TLR2) expression did not differ in NanoAg or amino acids injected embryos; however, toll like receptor-4 (TLR4) expression was higher in all treated embryos, except for Cys+NanoAg, than in uninjected control embryos. We concluded that NanoAg either alone or in combination with amino acids did not affect embryonic growth but improved immunocompetence, indicating that NanoAg and amino acid complexes can act as potential agents for the enhancement of innate and adaptive immunity in chicken.
Central Avian Research Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Izatnagar UP-243122, India. subratcari@gmail.com.
Subrat K
SK
Bhanja
Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark. anna_hotowy@sggw.pl.
Anna
A
Hotowy
Central Avian Research Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Izatnagar UP-243122, India. dr.manishmehra@gmail.com.
Manish
M
Mehra
Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw 02-786, Poland. ewa_sawosz@sggw.pl.
Ewa
E
Sawosz
Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark. lanepineda@hotmail.com.
Lane
L
Pineda
Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark. krish@sund.ku.dk.
Krishna Prasad
KP
Vadalasetty
Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw 02-786, Poland. natalia.kurantowicz@gmail.com.
Natalia
N
Kurantowicz
Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark. ach@sund.ku.dk.
André
A
Chwalibog
D000818:Animals; D002642:Chick Embryo / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D003102:Colloids / Q000737:chemistry; D003545:Cysteine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000276:immunology*; D007107:Immune System; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D036103:Nanotechnology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry*; D013154:Spleen / Q000378:metabolism; D013912:Threonine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
D003102:Colloids; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D013912:Threonine; D012834:Silver; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D003545:Cysteine