Urine chemokines indicate pathogenic association of obesity with BPH/LUTS.
OBJECTIVE
High prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) consistent with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is associated with obesity and prostatic inflammation. Here, we investigated whether chemokines associated with obesity and prostatic inflammation can be measured in normally voided urine of BPH/LUTS patients to demonstrate the mechanistic association between obesity and BPH/LUTS.


METHODS
Frozen urine specimens of BPH/LUTS patients enrolled in the Nashville Men's Health Study were sent for blinded analysis to University of Pittsburgh. Thirty patients were blocked by their AUA-SI (>7 or ≤7) and prostatic enlargement (<40, 40-60, >60 cc). Clinical parameters including age, prostate size, and medications were derived from chart review. CXC chemokines (CXCL-1, CXCL-8, and CXCL-10), CC chemokines (CCL2 and CCL3), and sIL-1ra were measured in thawed urine using Luminex™ xMAP(®) technology and ELISA for NGF.


RESULTS
Urinary CCL2 levels were several fold higher compared with the other six proteins, of which CCL3 was detectable in less than one-fourth of patients. Urine levels of sIL-1ra and CXCL-8 were significantly associated with increasing BMI and waist circumference in BPH patients. CXCL-8 showed a marginal association with overall AUA-SI scores, as well as obstructive (p = 0.08) symptom subscores. Prostate volume was inversely and marginally associated with urinary CXCL-10 (p = 0.09).


CONCLUSIONS
Urine levels of CXCL-8, CXCL-10, and sIL-1ra were associated with varying degrees with LUTS severity, prostate size, and obesity, respectively. These findings in urine are consistent with past studies of chemokine levels from expressed prostatic secretions and demonstrate the potential of noninvasively measured chemokine in urine to objectively classify BPH/LUTS patients.
Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, E313 Montefiore Hospital, 3459 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA, prt18@pitt.edu.
Pradeep
P
Tyagi
Saundra S
SS
Motley
Mahendra
M
Kashyap
Subrata
S
Pore
Jeffrey
J
Gingrich
Zhou
Z
Wang
Naoki
N
Yoshimura
Jay H
JH
Fowke
D000328:Adult; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000652:urine*; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine; D011467:Prostate / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D059349:Urine Specimen Collection
D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D016209:Interleukin-8