Limiting CT radiation dose in children with craniosynostosis: phantom study using model-based iterative reconstruction.
BACKGROUND
Medical professionals need to exercise particular caution when developing CT scanning protocols for children who require multiple CT studies, such as those with craniosynostosis.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the utility of ultra-low-dose CT protocols with model-based iterative reconstruction techniques for craniosynostosis imaging.


METHODS
We scanned two pediatric anthropomorphic phantoms with a 64-slice CT scanner using different low-dose protocols for craniosynostosis. We measured organ doses in the head region with metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) dosimeters. Numerical simulations served to estimate organ and effective doses. We objectively and subjectively evaluated the quality of images produced by adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASiR) 30%, ASiR 50% and Veo (all by GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI). Image noise and contrast were determined for different tissues.


RESULTS
Mean organ dose with the newborn phantom was decreased up to 83% compared to the routine protocol when using ultra-low-dose scanning settings. Similarly, for the 5-year phantom the greatest radiation dose reduction was 88%. The numerical simulations supported the findings with MOSFET measurements. The image quality remained adequate with Veo reconstruction, even at the lowest dose level.


CONCLUSIONS
Craniosynostosis CT with model-based iterative reconstruction could be performed with a 20-μSv effective dose, corresponding to the radiation exposure of plain skull radiography, without compromising required image quality.
HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, POB 340, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00290, Helsinki, Finland, touko.kaasalainen@hus.fi.
Touko
T
Kaasalainen
Kirsi
K
Palmu
Anniina
A
Lampinen
Vappu
V
Reijonen
Junnu
J
Leikola
Riku
R
Kivisaari
Mika
M
Kortesniemi
D016477:Artifacts; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003398:Craniosynostoses / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*