Tricalcium phosphate-based biocomposites for mandibular bone regeneration--A histological study in sheep.
The present study investigated the suitability of three different absorbable biocomposites for the repair of critical sized bone defects created at the mandibular angle of adult sheep. Each biocomposite was composed of a three-dimensional individualized polylactide scaffold, containing a tricalcium phosphate biomaterial (chronOS). Either autologous bone marrow (chOS/BoneMarrow) or coagulation factor XIII (chOS/FactorXIII) was added to the biomaterial for osteopromotion. Venous whole blood (chOS/Blood) added to the biomaterial served as a control. A total of 18 adult sheep were used for implantation studies, subdivided into three groups of six animals each. After 12 weeks of observation, the animals were sacrificed and the mandibles were retrieved for qualitative and quantitative histologic assessment within three regions of interest (transitional zone, center, and periphery) throughout the biocomposites. Successful bone regeneration was defined by the absence of scaffold deformation and the presence of new bone formation within the biocomposites. In histomorphometry, only chOS/BoneMarrow showed elevated area fractions of newly formed bone in all regions of interest (transitional zone 50.7 ± 7.5, center 31.9 ± 9.3, periphery 23.1 ± 13.5). This led to preservation of the macroscopic scaffold structure in all specimens. Zero hurdle regression confirmed this by validating the factor biocomposite as significant (p < 0.001) for regeneration success. In our experiment, chOS/BoneMarrow was the only biocomposite passing the hurdle of regeneration in all three regions of interest. In contrast, bone formation was less pronounced and uniform in chOS/FactorXIII and chOS/blood-containing specimens. In these groups, scaffolds showed obvious to significant deformation. Overall, autologous bone marrow showed the most promising results in our experimental setting. As opposed to reports in the literature, we could not confirm the suitability of coagulation factor XIII to promote bone formation, since bone formation rates were comparable only to those of the control venous blood.
Department of Cranio-, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: guenter.russmueller@meduniwien.ac.at.
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Russmueller
Department of Cranio-, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Moser
AlgOss, Biotechnologies GmbH, Vienna, Austria.
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Spassova
Institute of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Plasenzotti
Department of Cranio-, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Poeschl
Department of Cranio-, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Seemann
Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
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Becker
Department of Cranio-, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Pirklbauer
Department of Cranio-, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Eder-Czembirek
Department of Cranio-, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Czembirek
Department of Cranio-, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Perisanidis
Department of Cranio-, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Ewers
Department of Cranio-, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Schopper
D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000818:Animals; D064592:Autografts / Q000473:pathology / Q000637:transplantation; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D005176:Factor XIII / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008336:Mandibular Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry*; D012756:Sheep; D013499:Surface Properties; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D011091:Polyesters; C485817:beta-tricalcium phosphate; C033616:poly(lactide); D005176:Factor XIII
Autologous bone marrow; Bone regeneration; Coagulation factor XIII; Mandibular defect; Polylactide scaffold; Tricalcium phosphate