Sexual functioning in breast cancer survivors experiencing body image disturbance.
BACKGROUND
Breast cancer treatments and the traumatic nature of the cancer experience frequently elicit considerable sexual difficulties. Breast cancer survivors (BCS) experiencing body image (BI) issues may represent a vulnerable group for developing sexual dysfunction posttreatment. The current study explores sexual functioning (SF) in this unique clinical group.


METHODS
A descriptive study assessed 127 BCS who were engaged in sexual activity. Standardized baseline measures included the following: BI Scale, BI after Breast Cancer Questionnaire, Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale, and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Breast. Levels of SF were compared with BCS, heterogeneous cancer, and healthy female populations. Correlational analyses were conducted between SF, BI, relationship, and health-related quality of life variables. Guided by a conceptual framework, regression analyses were conducted to determine significant demographic, clinical, and psychosocial predictors of sexual desire, satisfaction, and overall SF.


RESULTS
Eighty-three per cent of BCS met the FSFI clinical cutoff score for a sexual dysfunction. Participants exhibited poorer SF when compared with other female cancer and healthy groups. No significant correlations were found between BI questionnaire total scores and SF. BI after Breast Cancer Questionnaire - Body Stigma subscale showed significant associations with FSFI Arousal, Orgasm, Satisfaction (average r = -0.23), and overall SF (r = -0.25). Vaginal dryness (β = -0.50), body stigma (β = -0.24), and relationship satisfaction (β = 0.27) were significant predictors of overall SF.


CONCLUSIONS
Difficulties in SF appear to be highly prevalent in BCS experiencing BI disturbance posttreatment. Brief screening tools assessing SF should adopt a biopsychosocial model, which includes questions regarding vaginal dryness, relationship satisfaction, and body stigma issues.
Behavioural Sciences and Health Research Division, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.|College of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Virginia M
VM
Boquiren
Behavioural Sciences and Health Research Division, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.|Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.|de Souza Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Mary Jane
MJ
Esplen
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.|de Souza Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Jiahui
J
Wong
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Brenda
B
Toner
Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Ellen
E
Warner
Behavioural Sciences and Health Research Division, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.|de Souza Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Noorulain
N
Malik
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001828:Body Image / Q000523:psychology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007989:Libido; D008875:Middle Aged; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D020018:Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data