Gait parameters database for young children: The influences of age and walking speed.
BACKGROUND
Reference databases are mandatory in orthopaedics because they enable the detection of gait abnormalities in patients. Such databases rarely include data on children under seven years of age. In young children, gait is principally influenced by age and walking speed. The influence of the age-speed interaction has not been well established. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to propose normative values for biomechanical gait parameters in children taking into account age, walking speed, and the age-speed interaction.


METHODS
Gait analyses were performed on 106 healthy children over a large age range (between one and seven years of age) during gait trials at a self-selected speed. From these gait cycles, biomechanical parameters, such as the joint angles and joint power of the lower limbs, were computed. Specific peak values and the times of occurrence of each biomechanical gait parameter were identified. Linear regressions are proposed for studying the influence of age, walking speed and the age-speed interaction.


RESULTS
Most of the regressions achieved good accuracy in fitting the curve peaks and times of occurrence, and the normal reference targets of biomechanical parameters could be deduced from these regressions. The biomechanical gait parameters of a pathological case were plotted against the normal reference targets to illustrate the relevance of the proposed targeting method.


CONCLUSIONS
The normal reference targets for biomechanical gait parameters based on age-speed regressions in a large database might help clinicians detect gait abnormalities in children from one to seven years of age.
Université de Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France; IFSTTAR, UMR_T9406, LBMC Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs, F-69675, Bron, France; CTC, 4 rue Hermann Frenkel 69367 Lyon Cedex 7, France.
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Van Hamme
Université de Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France; IFSTTAR, UMR_T9406, LBMC Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs, F-69675, Bron, France.
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El Habachi
Laboratory of Anatomy, Biomechanics and Organogenesis, CP 619, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Lennik Street 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
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Samson
Université de Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France; IFSTTAR, UMR_T9406, LBMC Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs, F-69675, Bron, France.
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Dumas
Université de Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France; IFSTTAR, UMR_T9406, LBMC Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs, F-69675, Bron, France. Electronic address: laurence.cheze@univ-lyon1.fr.
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Chèze
Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Service de Chirurgie Pédiatrique CHU Nord, 42055 Saint Etienne cedex 2, France.
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Dohin
D000367:Age Factors; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019992:Databases as Topic; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*
Healthy children; Joint moments; Joint power; Regression analysis