The effect of biogeographic and phylogeographic barriers on gene flow in the brown smoothhound shark, Mustelus henlei, in the northeastern Pacific.
We assessed the effects of the prominent biogeographic (Point Conception and the Peninsula of Baja California) and phylogeographic barriers (Los Angeles Region) of the northeastern Pacific on the population connectivity of the brown smoothhound shark, Mustelus henlei (Triakidae). Data from the mitochondrial control region and six nuclear microsatellite loci revealed significant population structure among three populations: northern (San Francisco), central (Santa Barbara, Santa Catalina, Punta Lobos, and San Felipe), and southern (Costa Rica). Patterns of long-term and contemporary migration were incongruent, with long-term migration being asymmetric and occurring in a north to south direction and a lack of significant contemporary migration observed between localities with the exception of Punta Lobos that contributed migrants to all localities within the central population. Our findings indicate that Point Conception may be restricting gene flow between the northern and central populations whereas barriers to gene flow within the central population would seem to be ineffective; additionally, a contemporary expansion of tropical M. henlei into subtropical and temperate waters may have been observed.
Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge Northridge, California, 91330.
Chris L
CL
Chabot
Unidad de Investigación Pesquera y Acuicultura (UNIP), Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR), Universidad de Costa Rica 11501-2060, San José, Costa Rica.
Mario
M
Espinoza
Centro para la Biodiversidad Marina y la Conservación A.C. 23090, La Paz, B.S.S, México.
Ismael
I
Mascareñas-Osorio
Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biological Oceanography, CICESE Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3918, Ensenada, Baja California, 22860, México.
Axayácatl
A
Rocha-Olivares
Microsatellite; Triakidae; mitochondria; phylogeography; shark