Evaluation of antibacterial activity and osteoblast-like cell viability of TiN, ZrN and (Ti1-xZrx)N coating on titanium.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate antibacterial activity and osteoblast-like cell viability according to the ratio of titanium nitride and zirconium nitride coating on commercially pure titanium using an arc ion plating system.


METHODS
Polished titanium surfaces were used as controls. Surface topography was observed by scanning electron microscopy, and surface roughness was measured using a two-dimensional contact stylus profilometer. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis with the colony-forming unit assay. Cell compatibility, mRNA expression, and morphology related to human osteoblast-like cells (MG-63) on the coated specimens were determined by the XTT assay and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.


RESULTS
The number of S. mutans colonies on the TiN, ZrN and (Ti1-xZrx)N coated surface decreased significantly compared to those on the non-coated titanium surface (P<0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
The number of P. gingivalis colonies on all surfaces showed no significant differences. TiN, ZrN and (Ti1-xZrx)N coated titanium showed antibacterial activity against S. mutans related to initial biofilm formation but not P. gingivalis associated with advanced periimplantitis, and did not influence osteoblast-like cell viability.
Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
Min-Kyung
0000-0002-3525-644X
MK
Ji
Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. ; RIS Foundation for Advanced Biomaterials, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
Sang-Won
SW
Park
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
Kwangmin
K
Lee
Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
In-Chol
IC
Kang
Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
Kwi-Dug
0000-0002-2965-3967
KD
Yun
RIS Foundation for Advanced Biomaterials, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
Hyun-Seung
HS
Kim
Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
Hyun-Pil
0000-0001-5586-1404
HP
Lim
Antibacterial activity; Periimplantitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Streptococcus mutans; Titanium nitride (TiN); Zirconium nitride (ZrN)