Association of orthodontic force system and root resorption: A systematic review.
BACKGROUND
In this systematic review, we assessed the literature to determine which evidence level supports the association of orthodontic force system and root resorption.


METHODS
PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched with no restrictions on year, publication status, or language. Selection criteria included human studies conducted with fixed orthodontic appliances or aligners, with at least 10 patients and the force system well described.


RESULTS
A total of 259 articles were retrieved in the initial search. After the review process, 21 full-text articles met the inclusion criteria. Sample sizes ranged from 10 to 73 patients. Most articles were classified as having high evidence levels and low risks of bias.


CONCLUSIONS
Although a meta-analysis was not performed, from the available literature, it seems that positive correlations exist between increased force levels and increased root resorption, as well as between increased treatment time and increased root resorption. Moreover, a pause in tooth movement seems to be beneficial in reducing root resorption because it allows the resorbed cementum to heal. The absence of a control group, selection criteria of patients, and adequate examinations before and after treatment are the most common methodology flaws.
Postgraduate student, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Marina G
MG
Roscoe
Associate professor, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Josete B C
JB
Meira
Associate professor, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. Electronic address: paolo.cattaneo@odontologi.au.dk.
Paolo M
PM
Cattaneo
D015982:Bias; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D057189:Checklist; D006801:Humans; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D012391:Root Resorption / Q000209:etiology*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical