Anti-Inflammatory Effects of 3-(4'-Hydroxyl-3',5'-Dimethoxyphenyl)Propionic Acid, an Active Component of Korean Cabbage Kimchi, in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated BV2 Microglia.
We investigated the protective ability of 3-(4'-hydroxyl-3',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)propionic acid (HDMPPA), an active principle in Korean cabbage kimchi, against the production of proinflammatory mediators and cytokines, and the mechanisms involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. HDMPPA significantly suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2, along with the expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells, at concentrations with no cytotoxicity. HDMPPA also attenuated the LPS-induced expression and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. Furthermore, HDMPPA inhibited LPS-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, which was associated with the abrogation of IκB-α degradation and phosphorylation, and subsequent decreases in NF-κB p65 levels. Moreover, the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Akt, a downstream molecule of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells was suppressed markedly by HDMPPA. This effect was associated with a significant reduction in the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. The findings in this study suggest that HDMPPA may exert anti-inflammatory responses by suppressing LPS-induced expression of proinflammatory mediators and cytokines through blockage of NF-κB, MAPKs, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways and oxidative stress in microglia.
1Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Korea.
Jin-Woo
JW
Jeong
2Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea.
Il-Whan
IW
Choi
1Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Korea.
Guk-Heui
GH
Jo
3Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.
Gi-Young
GY
Kim
4Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea.
Jinwoo
J
Kim
4Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea.
Hongsuk
H
Suh
5Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.
Chung-Ho
CH
Ryu
6Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea.
Wun-Jae
WJ
Kim
7Department of Food and Nutrition, Busan National University, Busan, Korea.
Kun-Young
KY
Park
1Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Korea.
Yung Hyun
YH
Choi
D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001937:Brassica / Q000737:chemistry*; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010647:Phenyl Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011422:Propionates / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014675:Vegetables
C526155:3-(4'-hydroxyl-3',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)propionic acid; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010647:Phenyl Ethers; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011422:Propionates
3-(4′-hydroxyl-3′,5′-dimethoxyphenyl)propionic acid; Akt; MAPKs; NF-κB; inflammation