Epidemiology of carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) during 2000-2012 in Asia.
BACKGROUND
Over the past decade, the worldwide emergence of carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae has become a severe public health issue. This meta-analysis aims to describe the epidemiology of carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) during the years of 2000-2012 in Asian area.


METHODS
PubMed and Embase databases were searched to identify the qualified papers. Random or fixed-effect model was used to deal with the data.


RESULTS
Over all the 49 Asian countries (or regions), only 37.5% [19] of them contributed epidemiology data of CRE, and the rest ones provided either only case reports or no information at all. In Asia, the prevalence of CRE was still low during the study period with average resistance rates of 0.6% (95% CI, 0.6-0.8%, imipenem) and 0.9% (95% CI, 0.7-1.2%, meropenem). Resistance rates to imipenem and meropenem in Enterobacteriaceae exhibited stably escalating trend. Similar trend can also be observed among each Enterobacteriaceae genus, such as E. coli, Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacer spp. Klebsiella spp. accounted for the largest proportion among the isolates resistant to imipenem, and then followed by E. coli and Serratia. The rank order of resistance rates to imipenem among Enterobacteriaceae genus during the period of 2000-2012 was as follows: Serratia spp. (1.8%) > Proteus spp. (1.6%) > Klebsiella spp. (0.8%) = Citrobacter spp. (0.8%) > Enterobacer spp. (0.7%) > E. coli (0.2%).


CONCLUSIONS
Given the fact that the prevalence of CRE was increasing during the past decade, it is urgent for us to establish regional surveillance worldwide, carry out more effective antibiotic stewardship and infection control measures to prevent further spread of carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae.
1 Department of General Medicine, 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China.
Yanling
Y
Xu
1 Department of General Medicine, 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China.
Bing
B
Gu
1 Department of General Medicine, 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China.
Mao
M
Huang
1 Department of General Medicine, 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China.
Haiyan
H
Liu
1 Department of General Medicine, 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China.
Ting
T
Xu
1 Department of General Medicine, 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China.
Wenying
W
Xia
1 Department of General Medicine, 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China.
Tong
T
Wang
Asia; Enterobacteriaceae; carbapenem; epidemiology