Maternal factors associated with the occurrence of gastroschisis.
We sought to identify age group specific maternal risk factors for gastroschisis. Maternal characteristics and prenatal factors were compared for 1,279 live born infants with gastroschisis and 3,069,678 without. Data were obtained using the California database containing linked hospital discharge, birth certificate and death records from 1 year prior to the birth to 1 year after the birth. Backwards-stepwise logistic regression models were used with maternal factors where initial inclusion was determined by a threshold of p < 0.10 on initial crude analyses. Due to the strong association of gastroschisis with young maternal age, models were stratified by age groups and odds ratios were calculated. These final models identified maternal infection as the only risk factor common to all age groups and a protective effect of obesity and gestational hypertension. In addition, age specific risk factors were identified. Although gestation at the time of infection was not available, a sexually transmitted disease complicating pregnancy was associated with increased risk in the less than 20 years of age grouping whereas viral infection was associated with increased risk only in the 20-24 and more than 24 years of age groupings. Urinary tract infection remained in the final logistic model for women less than 20 years. Short interpregnancy interval was not found to be a risk factor for any age group. Our findings support the need to explore maternal infection by type and gestational timing.
Genetic Disease Screening Program, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California.
Rebecca J
RJ
Baer
Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
Christina D
CD
Chambers
Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
Kenneth Lyons
KL
Jones
Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
Stephen B
SB
Shew
Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Tippi C
TC
MacKenzie
Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
Gary M
GM
Shaw
Genetic Disease Screening Program, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California.|Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Laura L
LL
Jelliffe-Pawlowski
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D020139:Gastroschisis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D046110:Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016015:Logistic Models; D008423:Maternal Age; D000068097:Maternal Health; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000150:complications; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000150:complications; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000150:complications
gastroschisis; prenatal; risk factors; young maternal age