Interrater reliability of the modified scapular assistance test with and without handheld weights.
METHODS
Prospective, blinded interrater reliability study.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the interrater reliability of the modified Scapular Assistance Test (mSAT) with and without the use of additional handheld weights.


METHODS
110 Shoulder patients with various shoulder pathologies were consecutively recruited. Tests were performed independently and randomly on each participant by 2 different examiners, which were blinded to further clinical information (e.g. patient history, former diagnostic results). Percent agreement, Cohen's kappa (Κ), proportion of positive/negative agreement, maximum Κ, prevalence and bias indexes and prevalence-adjusted-bias-adjusted kappa (PABAK) were calculated as estimates of interrater reliability of the mSAT with and without additional handheld weights. Weights were chosen according to body weight.


RESULTS
The reliability measures for the mSAT (Cohen's Κ: 0.68, confidence interval (CI): 0.51-0.85; PABAK: 0.78, CI: 0.67-0.90) as well as for the mSAT with handheld weights (Cohen's Κ: 0.63, CI: 0.44-0.81; PABAK: 0.76, CI: 0.64-0.88) showed substantial agreement according to the classification system proposed by Landis and Koch.


CONCLUSIONS
Based on the results of this study, the mSAT with and without additional weights can be considered as reliable for clinical use. Since both tests showed substantial agreement, the use of additional handheld weights might not be necessary in case of obvious scapula dyskinesis. However, to perform the mSAT with/without additional weights should depend not only on its reliability values. Name of the public trials registry and the registration number: German Clinical Trials Register, protocol number DRKS00005377.
University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Center for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany. Electronic address: Christian.Kopkow@uniklinikum-dresden.de.
Christian
C
Kopkow
University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Center for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
Toni
T
Lange
University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Center for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
Jochen
J
Schmitt
University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Centre for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Orthopaedic Surgery Center Tuebingen, Division for Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, 134 Wilhelm Street, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany.
Philip
P
Kasten
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D000070636:Rotator Cuff Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D012540:Scapula / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D014891:Weight Lifting
Physical examination; Reproducibility of results; Scapula; Shoulder