Application of (1)h NMR profiling to assess seed metabolomic diversity. A case study on a soybean era population.
(1)H NMR spectroscopy offers advantages in metabolite quantitation and platform robustness when applied in food metabolomics studies. This paper provides a (1)H NMR-based assessment of seed metabolomic diversity in conventional and glyphosate-resistant genetically modified (GM) soybean from a genetic lineage representing ∼35 years of breeding and differing yield potential. (1)H NMR profiling of harvested seed allowed quantitation of 27 metabolites, including free amino acids, sugars, and organic acids, as well as choline, O-acetylcholine, dimethylamine, trigonelline, and p-cresol. Data were analyzed by canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) and principal variance component analysis (PVCA). Results demonstrated that (1)H NMR spectroscopy was effective in highlighting variation in metabolite levels in the genetically diverse sample set presented. The results also confirmed that metabolite variability is influenced by selective breeding and environment, but not genetic modification. Therefore, metabolite variability is an integral part of crop improvement that has occurred for decades and is associated with a history of safe use.
†Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States.
George G
GG
Harrigan
†Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States.
Kirsten
K
Skogerson
§150 North Research Campus Drive, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States.
Susan
S
MacIsaac
†Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States.
Anna
A
Bickel
†Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States.
Tim
T
Perez
†Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, United States.
Xin
X
Li
D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D001947:Breeding; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D030841:Food, Genetically Modified; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D000596:Amino Acids; D002241:Carbohydrates
NMR; canonical discriminant analysis; metabolomics; principal variance component analysis; soybean (Glycine max)