Human platelets and their capacity of binding viruses: meaning and challenges?
Blood platelets are first aimed at ensuring primary hemostasis. Beyond this role, they have been acknowledged as having functions in the maintenance of the vascular arborescence and, more recently, as being also innate immune cells, devoted notably to the detection of danger signals, of which infectious ones. Platelets express pathogen recognition receptors that can sense bacterial and viral moieties. Besides, several molecules that bind epithelial or sub-endothelial molecules and, so forth, are involved in hemostasis, happen to be able to ligate viral determinants, making platelets capable of either binding viruses or even to be infected by some of them. Further, as platelets express both Fc-receptors for Ig and complement receptors, they also bind occasionally virus-Ig or virus-Ig-complement immune complexes. Interplays of viruses with platelets are very complex and viral infections often interfere with platelet number and functions. Through a few instances of viral infections, the present review aims at presenting some of the most important interactions from pathophysiological and clinical points of view, which are observed between human viruses and platelets.
EA3064-GIMAP, Université de Lyon, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France. adrienchabert@hotmail.fr.
Adrien
A
Chabert
EA3064-GIMAP, Université de Lyon, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France. Hind.Hamzeh@univ-st-etienne.fr.
Hind
H
Hamzeh-Cognasse
EA3064-GIMAP, Université de Lyon, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France. bruno.pozzetto@chu-st-etienne.fr.|Service des Agents infectieux et d'Hygiène, CHU de Saint-Etienne, 42055, Saint-Etienne, France. bruno.pozzetto@chu-st-etienne.fr.
Bruno
B
Pozzetto
EA3064-GIMAP, Université de Lyon, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France. fabrice.cognasse@univ-st-etienne.fr.|EFS Auvergne-Loire, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France. fabrice.cognasse@univ-st-etienne.fr.
Fabrice
F
Cognasse
Laboratorio de Trombosis Experimental, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, ANM-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina. mschattner@hematologia.anm.edu.ar.
Mirta
M
Schattner
Laboratorio de Virus Animales, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina. rmg1426@gmail.com.
Ricardo M
RM
Gomez
EA3064-GIMAP, Université de Lyon, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France. ogarraud@ints.fr.|Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, 75015, Paris, France. ogarraud@ints.fr.|INTS, 6 rue Alexandre-Cabanel, 75015, Paris, France. ogarraud@ints.fr.
Olivier
O
Garraud
D000818:Animals; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D053585:Virus Attachment; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D014780:Viruses / Q000276:immunology*