Comparative toxicities of bismuth oxybromide and titanium dioxide exposure on human skin keratinocyte cells.
Nano-sized bismuth oxybromide (BiOBr) particles are being considered for applications within the semiconductor industry. However, little is known about their potential impact on human health. In this study, we comparatively investigated the cytotoxicity of BiOBr and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) using human skin keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) as a research model. Results indicate that lamellar-shaped BiOBr (length: 200 nm, width: 150 nm, and an average thickness: around 15 nm) has less toxic effects on cell viability and intracellular organelles than TiO2 (P25) NPs. BiOBr mainly induced late cell apoptosis, while for TiO2, both early apoptosis and late apoptosis were involved. Cell cycle arrest was found in cells on both NPs exposure, and more prominent in TiO2-treated cells. More cellular uptake was achieved after TiO2 exposure, particularly at 10 μg mL(-1), presence of TiO2 resulted in more than 2-fold increase in cellular granularity compared with BiOBr. Furthermore, TiO2 had a high potential to generate intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, where a 2.7-fold increase in TiO2 group and 2.0-fold increase in BiOBr group at the same concentration of 25 μg mL(-1). Higher cellular uptake and ROS stimulation should contribute to the more hazards of TiO2 than BiOBr NPs. This knowledge is a crucial component in the environmental and human hazard assessment of BiOBr and TiO2 NPs.
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
Xiaoya
X
Gao
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
Yawen
Y
Wang
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
Shiqi
S
Peng
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
Bin
B
Yue
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China. Electronic address: fancm@163.com.
Caimei
C
Fan
Institute of Applied Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
Weiyi
W
Chen
Institute of Applied Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
Xiaona
X
Li
D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001729:Bismuth / Q000633:toxicity*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity; D010316:Particle Size; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D014025:Titanium / Q000633:toxicity*
D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium; C542279:bismuth oxybromide; D001729:Bismuth
Bismuth oxybromide; Cellular uptake; ROS accumulation; Titanium dioxide; Toxicological effects