ER stress and hexosamine pathway during tumourigenesis: A pas de deux?
Both the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are considered sensors for the nutritional state of the cell. The former is a branch of the glucose metabolic pathway that provides donor molecules for glycosylation processes, whereas the second requires co-translational N-glycosylation to ensure proper protein folding. It has become clear that the microenvironment of solid tumours, characterised by poor oxygen and nutrient supply, challenges optimal functions of the ER and the HBP. Here, we review recent advances demonstrating that the ER stress (ERS) response and HBP pathways are interconnected to promote cell viability. We then develop the idea that communication between ER and HBP is a survival feature of neoplastic cells that plays a prominent role during tumourigenesis.
INSERM U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, France; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, France; CNRS, UMR7258, F-13009 Marseille, France; Université Aix-Marseille, F-13284 Marseille, France.
Sophie
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Vasseur
INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, F-69000 Lyon, France; Centre Léon Bérard, F-69008 Lyon, France. Electronic address: serge.manie@lyon.unicancer.fr.
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Manié
D000818:Animals; D063646:Carcinogenesis; D019070:Cell Lineage; D002470:Cell Survival; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000378:metabolism; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006031:Glycosylation; D006595:Hexosamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017510:Protein Folding; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment
D006595:Hexosamines; D005947:Glucose
HBP; Metabolism; Nutrient shortage; UPR