Potential effects of reward and loss avoidance in overweight adolescents.
BACKGROUND
Reward system and inhibitory control are brain functions that exert an influence on eating behavior regulation. We studied the differences in inhibitory control and sensitivity to reward and loss avoidance between overweight/obese and normal-weight adolescents.


METHODS
We assessed 51 overweight/obese and 52 normal-weight 15-y-old Chilean adolescents. The groups were similar regarding sex and intelligence quotient. Using Antisaccade and Incentive tasks, we evaluated inhibitory control and the effect of incentive trials (neutral, loss avoidance, and reward) on generating correct and incorrect responses (latency and error rate).


RESULTS
Compared to normal-weight group participants, overweight/obese adolescents showed shorter latency for incorrect antisaccade responses (186.0 (95% CI: 176.8-195.2) vs. 201.3 ms (95% CI: 191.2-211.5), P < 0.05) and better performance reflected by lower error rate in incentive trials (43.6 (95% CI: 37.8-49.4) vs. 53.4% (95% CI: 46.8-60.0), P < 0.05). Overweight/obese adolescents were more accurate on loss avoidance (40.9 (95% CI: 33.5-47.7) vs. 49.8% (95% CI: 43.0-55.1), P < 0.05) and reward (41.0 (95% CI: 34.5-47.5) vs. 49.8% (95% CI: 43.0-55.1), P < 0.05) compared to neutral trials.


CONCLUSIONS
Overweight/obese adolescents showed shorter latency for incorrect responses and greater accuracy in reward and loss avoidance trials. These findings could suggest that an imbalance of inhibition and reward systems influence their eating behavior.
Sleep and Functional Neurobiology Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Sussanne
S
Reyes
Sleep and Functional Neurobiology Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Patricio
P
Peirano
Laboratory of Neurocognitive Development, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Beatriz
B
Luna
Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Betsy
B
Lozoff
Sleep and Functional Neurobiology Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Cecilia
C
Algarín
D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002677:Chile; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D050177:Overweight / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D012201:Reward; D012438:Saccades