A multi-ingredient containing carbohydrate, proteins L-glutamine and L-carnitine attenuates fatigue perception with no effect on performance, muscle damage or immunity in soccer players.
We investigated the effects of ingesting a multi-ingredient (53 g carbohydrate, 14.5 g whey protein, 5 g glutamine, 1.5 g L-carnitine-L-tartrate) supplement, carbohydrate only, or placebo on intermittent performance, perception of fatigue, immunity, and functional and metabolic markers of recovery. Sixteen amateur soccer players ingested their respective treatments before, during and after performing a 90-min intermittent repeated sprint test. Primary outcomes included time for a 90-min intermittent repeated sprint test (IRS) followed by eleven 15 m sprints. Measurements included creatine kinase, myoglobin, interleukine-6, Neutrophil; Lymphocytes and Monocyte before (pre), immediately after (post), 1 h and 24 h after exercise testing period. Overall, time for the IRS and 15 m sprints was not different between treatments. However, the perception of fatigue was attenuated (P<0.001) for the multi-ingredient (15.9±1.4) vs. placebo (17.8±1.4) but not for the carbohydrate (17.0±1.9) condition. Several changes in immune/inflammatory indices were noted as creatine kinase peaked at 24 h while Interleukin-6 and myoglobin increased both immediately after and at 1 h compared with baseline (P<0.05) for all three conditions. However, Myoglobin (P<0.05) was lower 1 h post-exercise for the multi-ingredient (241.8±142.6 ng·ml(-1)) and CHO (265.4±187.8 ng·ml(-1)) vs. placebo (518.6±255.2 ng·ml(-1)). Carbohydrate also elicited lower neutrophil concentrations vs. multi-ingredient (3.9±1.5 10(9)/L vs. 4.9±1.8 10(9)/L, P = 0.016) and a reduced (P<0.05) monocytes count (0.36±0.09 10(9)/L) compared to both multi-ingredient (0.42±0.09 10(9)/L) and placebo (0.42±0.12 10(9)/L). In conclusion, multi-ingredient and carbohydrate supplements did not improve intermittent performance, inflammatory or immune function. However, both treatments did attenuate serum myoglobin, while only carbohydrate blunted post-exercise leukocytosis.
Center for Sport Sciences and Human Performance, University of Greenwich, Medway, United Kingdom.
Fernando
F
Naclerio
Clinical Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America.
Eneko
E
Larumbe-Zabala
Center for Sport Sciences and Human Performance, University of Greenwich, Medway, United Kingdom.
Robert
R
Cooper
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, London, United Kingdom.
Judith
J
Allgrove
Director of Research, Woodbolt International, and Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America.
Conrad P
CP
Earnest
D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D002331:Carnitine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005973:Glutamine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000187:drug effects; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects; D012916:Soccer / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
D015415:Biomarkers; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D005973:Glutamine; D002331:Carnitine