Stable self-assembled nanostructured hen egg white lysozyme exhibits strong anti-proliferative activity against breast cancer cells.
Chemotherapy side effects have long been a matter of great concern. Here we describe a structurally stable self-assembled nanostructured lysozyme (snLYZ) synthesized using a simple desolvation technique that exhibited anticancer activity, as well as excellent hemocompatibility. Field emission scanning electron microscopy; atomic force microscopy and dynamic particle size analyzer were used for analyzing the synthesized snLYZ. The analysis revealed spherical shape with an average size of 300 nm. Circular dichroism and tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopic analysis revealed its gross change in secondary as well as the tertiary level of the structure. snLYZ also demonstrated excellent structural as well as the functional stability of LYZ in a wide range of pH and temperature with a fair level of protection against proteinase K digestion. When applied to MCF-7 breast cancer cells, it exhibited approximately 95% cell death within 24h, involving a reactive oxygen species (ROS) based mechanism, and showed excellent hemocompatibility. Fluorescence microscopy imaging revealed distinct cellular internalization of snLYZ and the formation of cytoplasmic granules, which initiated a cell-killing process through membrane damage. In order to mimic targeted therapy, we tagged folic acid with snLYZ, which further enhanced cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells. Therefore, this is the first report of its kind where we demonstrated the preparation of a highly stable self-assembled nanostructured lysozyme with a strong anti-proliferative activity against breast cancer cells.
Structural Biology and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India.
Sailendra
S
Mahanta
Structural Biology and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India. Electronic address: spaul@nitrkl.ac.in.
Subhankar
S
Paul
Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
Ankit
A
Srivastava
Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
Ashutosh
A
Pastor
Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
Bishwajit
B
Kundu
Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
Tapan K
TK
Chaudhuri
D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002645:Chickens; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D004529:Egg White / Q000737:chemistry*; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D005260:Female; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D051379:Mice; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009113:Muramidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D013696:Temperature
D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C421864:hen egg lysozyme; D009113:Muramidase
Breast cancer; Circular dichroism; Cytoplasmic granules; Fluorescence spectroscopy; MTT assay; Self-assembled nanostructured lysozyme