Anti-diabetic effects of shubat in type 2 diabetic rats induced by combination of high-glucose-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin.
BACKGROUND
Shubat, probiotic fermented camel milk, has been used both as a drink with ethnic flavor and a medicine among Kazakh population for diabetic patients. Kazakh people have lower diabetic prevalence and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) than do other ethnic groups living in Xinjiang China, which might be related to the beneficial properties of shubat. We therefore prepared shubat in laboratory and tested anti-diabetic activity and evaluated its possible hypolipidemic and renoprotective effects in type 2 diabetic rats.


METHODS
Type 2 diabetic rats were induced by an administration of high-glucose-fat diet for 6 weeks and an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 30mg/kg). Diabetic rats were divided randomly into four groups and treated for 28 days with sitagliptin (30mg/kg) or shubat (6.97×10(6) lactic acid bacteria+2.20×10(4) yeasts) CFU/mL, (6.97×10(7) lactic acid bacteria+2.20×10(5) yeasts) CFU/mL and (6.97×10(8) lactic acid bacteria+2.20×10(6) yeasts) CFU/mL. In addition, a normal control group and a diabetic control group were used for comparison. All drugs were given orally once daily 10mL/kg for 4 weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and body weight (BW) were measured before treatment and every week thereafter. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), C-peptide, glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels and pancreas tissue sections were tested after 4 weeks.


RESULTS
Shubat demonstrated positive hypoglycemic activity on FBG, HbAlc, C-peptide and GLP-1 levels, high dose shubat decreased FBG (P<0.01) and HbAlc (P<0.05), increased C-peptide (P<0.05) and GLP-1 (P<0.01), decreased serum TC, TG, LDL-c (P<0.05), increased HDL-c (P<0.01), and improved the reduction of body weight as well as decreased SCr and BUN levels (P<0.01) compared to diabetic controls. Histological analysis showed shubat protected the function of islets of type 2 diabetic rats.


CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study indicate that shubat has significant hypoglycemic potential in T2D rats and may modulate lipid metabolism and protect renal function in the type 2 diabetic condition, which might be related to various probiotics acting through promoting the release of GLP-1 and improving the function of β-cells.
Department of Pharmacology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China; Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Institute for Food and Drug Control, Urumqi 830004, China.
Tabusi
T
Manaer
Department of Pharmacology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.
Lan
L
Yu
Department of Pharmacology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.
Yi
Y
Zhang
Department of Pharmacology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.
Xue-Jun
XJ
Xiao
Department of Pharmacology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China. Electronic address: xinhua99@hotmail.com.
Xin-Hua
XH
Nabi
D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D043302:Cultured Milk Products; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000097:blood; D005947:Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000187:drug effects; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D000068900:Sitagliptin Phosphate / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013311:Streptozocin
D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D002784:Cholesterol; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005947:Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000068900:Sitagliptin Phosphate; D013311:Streptozocin
Fermented camel milk; GLP-1; Probiotics; Shubat; Type 2 diabetic rats