Anatomic pathology of hepatocellular carcinoma: histopathology using classic and new diagnostic tools.
Hepatocellular carcinoma can be diagnosed on a needle biopsy of the liver; however, uncertainty may arise because of the inherent complexity of liver histology. This article aims to provide practicing pathologists with tools for the approach to mass-directed liver biopsies clinically concerning for hepatocellular carcinoma. The examination of routine hematoxylin-eosin stains and the use of ancillary histochemical and immunohistochemical stains are discussed. Sections reviewing liver carcinoma with biphenotypic differentiation and the challenge of dysplastic nodules are included.
Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 401 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
Meredith E
ME
Pittman
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA. Electronic address: EBrunt@path.wustl.edu.
Elizabeth M
EM
Brunt
D001706:Biopsy; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000473:pathology*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004801:Eosine Yellowish-(YS); D006416:Hematoxylin; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000473:pathology*
D004396:Coloring Agents; D004801:Eosine Yellowish-(YS); D006416:Hematoxylin
Arginase-1; Biphenotypic; Dysplastic nodule; Glutamine synthetase; Glypican-3; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Immunohistochemistry; Liver biopsy