The Development and Validation of the Osteoporosis Prevention and Awareness Tool (OPAAT) in Malaysia.
OBJECTIVE
To develop and validate Osteoporosis Prevention and Awareness Tool (OPAAT) in Malaysia.


METHODS
The OPAAT was modified from the Malaysian Osteoporosis Knowledge Tool and developed from an exploratory study on patients. Face and content validity was established by an expert panel. The OPAAT consists of 30 items, categorized into three domains. A higher score indicates higher knowledge level. English speaking non-osteoporotic postmenopausal women ≥ 50 years of age and pharmacists were included in the study.


RESULTS
A total of 203 patients and 31 pharmacists were recruited. Factor analysis extracted three domains. Flesch reading ease was 59.2. The mean ± SD accuracy rate was 0.60 ± 0.22 (range: 0.26-0.94). The Cronbach's α for each domain ranged from 0.286-0.748. All items were highly correlated (Spearman's rho: 0.761-0.990, p < 0.05), with no significant change in the overall test-retest scores, indicating that OPAAT has achieved stable reliability. Pharmacists had higher knowledge score than patients (80.9 ± 8.7 vs 63.6 ± 17.4, p < 0.001), indicating that the OPAAT was able to discriminate between the knowledge levels of pharmacists and patients.


CONCLUSIONS
The OPAAT was found to be a valid and reliable instrument for assessing patient's knowledge about osteoporosis and its prevention in Malaysia. The OPAAT can be used to identify individuals in need of osteoporosis educational intervention.
Faculty of Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
Li Shean
LS
Toh
Department of Primary Care Medicine, University of Malaya Primary Care Research Group (UMPCRG), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia.
Pauline Siew Mei
PS
Lai
School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
David Bin-Chia
DB
Wu
Faculty of Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
Kok Thong
KT
Wong
Faculty of Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
Bee Yean
BY
Low
Division of Social Research in Medicine and Health, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
Claire
C
Anderson
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008296:Malaysia; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results