New photostable naphthalimide-based fluorescent probe for mitochondrial imaging and tracking.
Monitoring mitochondria morphological changes temporally and spatially exhibits significant importance for diagnosing, preventing and treating various diseases related to mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the application of commercially available mitochondria trackers is limited due to their poor photostability. To overcome these disadvantages, we designed and synthesized a mitochondria-localized fluorescent probe by conjugating 1,8-naphthalimide with triphenylphosphonium (i.e. NPA-TPP). The structure and characteristic of NPA-TPP was characterized by UV-vis, fluorescence spectroscopy, (1)HNMR, (13)CNMR, FTIR, MS, etc. The photostability and cell imaging were performed on the laser scanning confocal microscopy. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of NPA-TPP on cells was evaluated using (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. The results showed that NPA-TPP not only has high sensitivity and specificity to mitochondria, but also exhibits super-high photostability, negligible cytotoxicity and good water solubility. In short, NPA-TPP indicates great potential for targeting mitochondria and enables a real-time and long-term tracking mitochondrial dynamics changes.
State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China; Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China.
Saipeng
S
Huang
Research Resources Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China.
Rongcheng
R
Han
State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China.
Qianfen
Q
Zhuang
State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China. Electronic address: dulibo@iccas.ac.cn.
Libo
L
Du
State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China.
Hongying
H
Jia
School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300071, China.
Yangping
Y
Liu
State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China. Electronic address: yliu@iccas.ac.cn.
Yang
Y
Liu
D058948:Cell Tracking / Q000379:methods*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D004355:Drug Stability; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D053644:Naphthalimides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*
D003287:Contrast Media; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D053644:Naphthalimides
1,8-naphthalimides; Fluorescent probe; Mitochondrial imaging; Photostability; Real-time tracking