Diet quality and diet patterns in relation to circulating cardiometabolic biomarkers.
OBJECTIVE
We examined the effects of diet quality and dietary patterns in relation to biomarkers of risk including leptin, soluble intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), C-reactive protein (CRP), and irisin.


METHODS
We analyzed data from 196 adults cross-sectionally. Dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis and diet quality scores were generated using a validated food-frequency questionnaire.


RESULTS
Both the alternate healthy eating index-2010 (AHEI-2010) and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) scores were negatively related to CRP, even after controlling for body mass index and total energy intake. Similarly, the prudent diet pattern was negatively related to leptin, sICAM-1, and CRP, whereas the Western diet pattern showed positive associations with these markers; however, after adjusting for all confounders, the associations only remained significant for leptin and sICAM-1. Irisin was positively associated with DASH and the prudent diet after controlling for all confounders (standardized β = 0.23, P = 0.030; standardized β = 0.25, P = 0.021, respectively). Irisin showed positive associations with increasing fruit consumption, whereas the levels of irisin decreased as meat consumption increased.


CONCLUSIONS
Irisin was directly associated with healthy diet types and patterns. Further studies regarding these mechanisms are warranted. This trial is registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Identifier: NCT01853332.
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea; Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 100-742, Republic of Korea.
Byung-Joon
BJ
Ko
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Gyeonggi-do 431-070, Republic of Korea.
Kyung Hee
KH
Park
AXA Department of Health and Human Security, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Institute of Health and Environment and Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
Sangah
S
Shin
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Lesya
L
Zaichenko
Judge Baker Children's Center, Boston, MA 02120, USA.
Cynthia R
CR
Davis
Judge Baker Children's Center, Boston, MA 02120, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
Judith A
JA
Crowell
Institute of Health and Environment and Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
Hyojee
H
Joung
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130, USA. Electronic address: cmantzor@bidmc.harvard.edu.
Christos S
CS
Mantzoros
D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003611:Dairy Products; D000072001:Diet, Healthy; D004531:Eggs; D002149:Energy Intake; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000097:blood*; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014675:Vegetables; D000067348:Whole Grains
D015415:Biomarkers; C577593:FNDC5 protein, human; D005353:Fibronectins; C573420:ICAM1 protein, human; D020738:Leptin; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
C-reactive protein; Diet quality; Dietary pattern; Intracellular adhesion molecule-1; Irisin; Leptin