The interdigital brace and other grips for termite nest perforation by chimpanzees of the Goualougo Triangle, Republic of Congo.
Studies of chimpanzee termite foraging enlighten our understanding of early hominin tool use not only by modeling the cognitive ability of our ancestors but also by emphasizing the possible role of social insects in the hominin diet. The chimpanzees of the Goualougo Triangle are known to have one of the largest and most complex tool repertoires reported for wild chimpanzees. One tool set habitually used by this population includes a perforating tool to penetrate the hard outer crust of elevated termite nests before fishing for termite prey with an herbaceous stem. Here, we report the variation present in the grips used on the perforating tool. Our analysis of video recordings of chimpanzee visitation to termite nests over a 3-year period shows that these chimpanzees use a variety of grips to navigate the challenges encountered in opening a termite nest. For situations in which the soil is most hardened, perforating requires force and a power grip is often used. When the soil in the passageway is loose, precision grips are suitable for the task. One of the preferred grips reported here is an interdigital brace, which has previously been described in studies of how some people hold a pencil. In this study, for the first time, the interdigital brace has been thoroughly described for chimpanzees. The various strategies and grips used during perforation emphasize the importance of termites as a nutritional resource that should be considered more strongly as a food used by early hominins.
Department of Anthropology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202.|Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104.
Julie J
JJ
Lesnik
Department of Anthropology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MI 63130.|Congo Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.
Crickette M
CM
Sanz
Congo Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.|Lester E. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL 60614.
David B
DB
Morgan
D000818:Animals; D000885:Anthropology, Physical; D003223:Congo; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D020049:Isoptera; D008297:Male; D002679:Pan troglodytes / Q000502:physiology*; D053001:Tool Use Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D014741:Video Recording
Macrotermes; Pan troglodytes; entomophagy; insectivory; object manipulation; tool use