Environmental Distributions of Benzo[a]pyrene in China: Current and Future Emission Reduction Scenarios Explored Using a Spatially Explicit Multimedia Fate Model.
SESAMe v3.0, a spatially explicit multimedia fate model with 50 × 50 km(2) resolution, has been developed for China to predict environmental concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) using an atmospheric emission inventory for 2007. Model predictions are compared with environmental monitoring data obtained from an extensive review of the literature. The model performs well in predicting multimedia concentrations and distributions. Predicted concentrations are compared with guideline values; highest values with some exceedances occur mainly in the North China Plain, Mid Inner Mongolia, and parts of three northeast provinces, Xi'an, Shanghai, and south of Jiangsu province, East Sichuan Basin, middle of Guizhou and Guangzhou. Two potential future scenarios have been assessed using SESAMe v3.0 for 2030 as BaP emission is reduced by (1) technological improvement for coal consumption in energy production and industry sectors in Scenario 1 (Sc1) and (2) technological improvement and control of indoor biomass burning for cooking and indoor space heating and prohibition of open burning of biomass in 2030 in Scenario 2 (Sc2). Sc2 is more efficient in reducing the areas with exceedance of guideline values. Use of SESAMe v3.0 provides insights on future research needs and can inform decision making on options for source reduction.
Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom.
Ying
Y
Zhu
Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China.
Shu
S
Tao
Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever , Sharnbrook MK44 1LQ, United Kingdom.
Oliver R
OR
Price
Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China.
Huizhong
H
Shen
Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom.
Kevin C
KC
Jones
Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom.
Andrew J
AJ
Sweetman
D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene / Q000032:analysis*; D002681:China; D003031:Coal; D003296:Cooking; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D008962:Models, Theoretical
D000393:Air Pollutants; D003031:Coal; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene