Nano-plasmonic exosome diagnostics.
Exosomes have emerged as a promising biomarker. These vesicles abound in biofluids and harbor molecular constituents from their parent cells, thereby offering a minimally-invasive avenue for molecular analyses. Despite such clinical potential, routine exosomal analysis, particularly the protein assay, remains challenging, due to requirements for large sample volumes and extensive processing. We have been developing miniaturized systems to facilitate clinical exosome studies. These systems can be categorized into two components: microfluidics for sample preparation and analytical tools for protein analyses. In this report, we review a new assay platform, nano-plasmonic exosome, in which sensing is based on surface plasmon resonance to achieve label-free exosome detection. Looking forward, we also discuss some potential challenges and improvements in exosome studies.
Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Hyungsoon
H
Im
Huilin
H
Shao
Ralph
R
Weissleder
Cesar M
CM
Castro
Hakho
H
Lee
D015415:Biomarkers; D055354:Exosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
D015415:Biomarkers
cancer; exosome; extracellular vesicles; molecular diagnosis; surface plasmon resonance