Fabrication of uniformly cell-laden porous scaffolds using a gas-in-liquid templating technique.
Design of porous scaffolds in tissue engineering field was challenging. Uniform immobilization of cells in the scaffolds with high porosity was essential for homogeneous tissue formation. The present study was aimed at fabricating uniformly cell-laden porous scaffolds with porosity >74% using the gas-in-liquid foam templating technique. To this end, we used gelatin, microbial transglutaminase and argon gas as a scaffold material, cross-linker of the protein and porogen of scaffold, respectively. We confirmed that a porosity of >74% could be achieved by increasing the gas volume delivered to a gelatin solution. Pore size in the scaffold could be controlled by stirring speed, stirring time and the pore size of the filter through which the gas passed. The foaming technique enabled us to uniformly immobilize a human hepatoblastoma cell line in scaffold. Engraftment efficiency of the cell line entrapped within the scaffold in nude mice was higher than that of cells in free-form. These results showed that the uniformly cell-laden porous scaffolds were promising for tissue engineering.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan. Electronic address: takei@cen.kagoshima-u.ac.jp.
Takayuki
T
Takei
Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0385, Japan. Electronic address: breeze21.1220@hotmail.co.jp.
Ryuta
R
Aokawa
Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan. Electronic address: k7918268@kadai.jp.
Takamasa
T
Shigemitsu
Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0385, Japan. Electronic address: jjdjq118@ybb.ne.jp.
Koei
K
Kawakami
Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan. Electronic address: myoshida@cen.kagoshima-u.ac.jp.
Masahiro
M
Yoshida
D000818:Animals; D001128:Argon; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018914:Cells, Immobilized; D005780:Gelatin; D018197:Hepatoblastoma / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D016062:Porosity; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000378:metabolism
D001128:Argon; D005780:Gelatin; D011503:Transglutaminases
Alginate; Gas foaming; Gelatin; Scaffold; Tissue engineering