Effects of strength training on body composition, physical functioning, and quality of life in prostate cancer patients during androgen deprivation therapy.
BACKGROUND
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) increases survival rates in prostate cancer (PCa) patients with locally advanced disease, but is associated with side effects that may impair daily function. Strength training may counteract several side effects of ADT, such as changes in body composition and physical functioning, which in turn may affect health-related quality of life (HRQOL). However, additional randomised controlled trials are needed to expand this knowledge.


METHODS
Fifty-eight PCa patients on ADT were randomised to either 16 weeks of high-load strength training (n = 28) or usual care (n = 30). The primary outcome was change in total lean body mass (LBM) assessed by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Secondary outcomes were changes in regional LBM, fat mass, and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) measured by DXA; physical functioning assessed by 1-repetition maximum (1RM) tests, sit-to-stand test, stair climbing test and Shuttle walk test; and HRQOL as measured by the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30.


CONCLUSIONS
No statistically significant effect of high-load strength training was demonstrated on total LBM (p = 0.16), but significant effects were found on LBM in the lower and upper extremities (0.49 kg, p < 0.01 and 0.15 kg, p < 0.05, respectively). Compared to usual care, high-load strength training showed no effect on fat mass, aBMD or HRQOL, but beneficial effects were observed in all 1RM tests, sit-to-stand test and stair climbing tests. Adherence to the training program was 88% for lower body exercises and 84% for upper body exercises. In summary, high-load strength training improved LBM in extremities and physical functioning, but had no effect on fat mass, aBMD, or HRQOL in PCa patients on ADT.
a Department of Physical Performance , Norwegian School of Sport Sciences , Oslo , Norway.
Tormod S
TS
Nilsen
a Department of Physical Performance , Norwegian School of Sport Sciences , Oslo , Norway.
Truls
T
Raastad
b Norwegian Institute of Public Health and School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway.
Eva
E
Skovlund
c Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada.
Kerry S
KS
Courneya
d Department of Oncology , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway.
Carl W
CW
Langberg
d Department of Oncology , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway.
Wolfgang
W
Lilleby
d Department of Oncology , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway.
Sophie D
SD
Fosså
d Department of Oncology , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway.
Lene
L
Thorsen
D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D050154:Adiposity; D000368:Aged; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001823:Body Composition; D015519:Bone Density; D005080:Exercise Test; D017273:Goserelin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D011788:Quality of Life; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000502:physiology; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*
D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D017273:Goserelin