Apelin Enhances Brown Adipogenesis and Browning of White Adipocytes.
Brown adipose tissue expends energy in the form of heat via the mitochondrial uncoupling protein UCP1. Recent studies showed that brown adipose tissue is present in adult humans and may be exploited for its anti-obesity and anti-diabetes actions. Apelin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that plays important roles in energy metabolism. Here, we report that apelin-APJ signaling promotes brown adipocyte differentiation by increasing the expressions of brown adipogenic and thermogenic transcriptional factors via the PI3K/Akt and AMPK signaling pathways. It is also found that apelin relieves the TNFα inhibition on brown adipogenesis. In addition, apelin increases the basal activity of brown adipocytes, as evidenced by the increased PGC1α and UCP1 expressions, mitochondrial biogenesis, and oxygen consumption. Finally, we provide both in vitro and in vivo evidence that apelin is able to increase the brown-like characteristics in white adipocytes. This study, for the first time, reveals the brown adipogenic and browning effects of apelin and suggests a potential therapeutic route to combat obesity and related metabolic disorders.
From the Bioengineering Program, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457.
Aung
A
Than
From the Bioengineering Program, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457.
Hui Ling
HL
He
From the Bioengineering Program, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457.
Si Hui
SH
Chua
the Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, and.
Dan
D
Xu
the Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, and.
Lei
L
Sun
the Endocrine and Diabetes Clinic, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore.
Melvin Khee-Shing
MK
Leow
From the Bioengineering Program, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, chenpeng@ntu.edu.sg.
Peng
P
Chen
D052437:Adipocytes, Brown / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D052438:Adipocytes, White / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D050156:Adipogenesis; D054392:Adipokines; D000818:Animals; D000073861:Apelin; D000075244:Apelin Receptors; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1
D054392:Adipokines; D000073861:Apelin; D000075244:Apelin Receptors; C402826:Apln protein, mouse; C498579:Apln protein, rat; C491285:Aplnr protein, mouse; C491284:Aplnr protein, rat; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007473:Ion Channels; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; C000604371:UCP1 protein, human; C000604372:Ucp1 protein, mouse; C000604373:Ucp1 protein, rat; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1
apelin, adipocyte, adipose tissue, browning, uncoupling protein 1, metabolic diseases