Systemic therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma: current and promising.
Treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains challenging, particularly with the limited systemic therapy options. Sorafenib remains the only approved, targeted molecule for the treatment of advanced HCC. Although a survival benefit was demonstrated with sorafenib, it remains only true in the population of patients with Child-Turcotte-Pugh class A disease. Sorafenib also has distinct side effects that require close monitoring. Newer tyrosine kinase inhibitors and angiogenic inhibitors have been evaluated with disappointing results, particularly in phase III trials. Herein we review the pertinent trials for targeted therapy in HCC to date.
Northwestern Medicine Developmental Therapeutics Institute (NMDTI), Chicago, IL, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Medical Research Center, Room 5-121, 303 East Superior, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
Aparna
A
Kalyan
Northwestern Medicine Developmental Therapeutics Institute (NMDTI), Chicago, IL, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Medical Research Center, Room 5-121, 303 East Superior, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
Halla
H
Nimeiri
Division of Hematology and Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Medical Research Center, Room 5-121, 303 East Superior, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Northwestern University, 676 North St Clair, 19th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Electronic address: lkulik@nm.org.
Laura
L
Kulik
D000409:Alanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011300:Preoperative Care; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000077157:Sorafenib; D000077210:Sunitinib; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014227:Triazines / Q000627:therapeutic use
D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007211:Indoles; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D011758:Pyrroles; D014227:Triazines; D009536:Niacinamide; D000077157:Sorafenib; C509922:brivanib; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000409:Alanine; D000077210:Sunitinib
Hepatocellular carcinoma; Systemic therapy; Targeted agents