Pseudoproteases: mechanisms and function.
Catalytically inactive enzymes (also known as pseudoproteases, protease homologues or paralogues, non-peptidase homologues, non-enzymes and pseudoenzymes) have traditionally been hypothesized to act as regulators of their active homologues. However, those that have been characterized demonstrate that inactive enzymes have an extensive and expanding role in biological processes, including regulation, inhibition and immune modulation. With the emergence of each new genome, more inactive enzymes are being identified, and their abundance and potential as therapeutic targets has been realized. In the light of the growing interest in this emerging field the present review focuses on the classification, structure, function and mechanism of inactive enzymes. Examples of how inactivity is defined, how this is reflected in the structure, functions of inactive enzymes in biological processes and their mode of action are discussed.
*Infectious Diseases Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia.
Simone L
SL
Reynolds
*Infectious Diseases Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia.
Katja
K
Fischer
D000818:Animals; D060829:Arthropod Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020134:Catalytic Domain / Q000235:genetics; D003058:Cockroaches / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D030562:Databases, Protein; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D011487:Protein Conformation; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012520:Sarcoptes scabiei / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D040681:Structural Homology, Protein
D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases; C094699:allergen Bla g 2