Endoscopic midfacial rejuvenation.
Early facial rejuvenation focused largely on the upper and lower thirds of the face. More recently, improvements in understanding of midfacial aging and anatomy have paralleled the development of endoscopic and minimally invasive surgical techniques. The midface is now understood to include both the lower lid subunit and the cheek down to the nasolabial fold. Many surgical techniques for midface rejuvenation have been used, including skin tightening with direct excision, skin-muscle flaps, isolated fat pad transposition, and subperiosteal lifting. The methods of endoscopic subperiosteal midface lifting and endoscopic malar fat pad lifting are discussed.
Division of Otolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, 50 New Scotland Avenue, 4th Floor, Albany, NY 12209, USA.
Robert D
RD
Engle
Division of Otolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12209, USA; Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Williams Center for Excellence, 1072 Troy Schenectady Road, Latham, NY 12110, USA.
Taylor R
TR
Pollei
Division of Otolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12209, USA; Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Williams Center for Excellence, 1072 Troy Schenectady Road, Latham, NY 12110, USA. Electronic address: edwilliams@nelasersurg.com.
Edwin F
EF
Williams
D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D012060:Rejuvenation; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000379:methods*
Endoscopic midface lift; Facial rejuvenation; Rhytidectomy; Subperiosteal midface lift