Immune Therapy in GI Malignancies: A Review.
The balance between tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing immune responses and the difference between them ultimately determine whether a cancer escapes immune recognition mechanisms. Defining the complex relationships between the tumor itself, the tumor environment, and the immune system has been critical in facilitating the development of successful immunotherapies. This review explores the role of oncogenes in inducing cancer-associated inflammation, the local and systemic factors that lead to immune suppression, and immunotherapy approaches to overcome immune privilege.
All authors: Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Judy
J
Wang
All authors: Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Kim A
KA
Reiss
All authors: Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Rina
R
Khatri
All authors: Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Elizabeth
E
Jaffee
All authors: Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD laherda@jhmi.edu.
Dan
D
Laheru
D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000276:immunology; D016246:Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / Q000276:immunology; D009857:Oncogenes / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019139:Tumor Escape; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment
D000906:Antibodies; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators