Factors influencing time-location patterns and their impact on estimates of exposure: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution (MESA Air).
We assessed time-location patterns and the role of individual- and residential-level characteristics on these patterns within the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution (MESA Air) cohort and also investigated the impact of individual-level time-location patterns on individual-level estimates of exposure to outdoor air pollution. Reported time-location patterns varied significantly by demographic factors such as age, gender, race/ethnicity, income, education, and employment status. On average, Chinese participants reported spending significantly more time indoors and less time outdoors and in transit than White, Black, or Hispanic participants. Using a tiered linear regression approach, we predicted time indoors at home and total time indoors. Our model, developed using forward-selection procedures, explained 43% of the variability in time spent indoors at home, and incorporated demographic, health, lifestyle, and built environment factors. Time-weighted air pollution predictions calculated using recommended time indoors from USEPA overestimated exposures as compared with predictions made with MESA Air participant-specific information. These data fill an important gap in the literature by describing the impact of individual and residential characteristics on time-location patterns and by demonstrating the impact of population-specific data on exposure estimates.
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Elizabeth W
EW
Spalt
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Cynthia L
CL
Curl
Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
Ryan W
RW
Allen
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Martin
M
Cohen
Collaborative Health Studies Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Washington, DC, USA.
Kayleen
K
Williams
Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Jana A
JA
Hirsch
Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Sara D
SD
Adar
Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Epidemiology, and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Joel D
JD
Kaufman
D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000393:Air Pollutants; D000397:Air Pollution; D001213:Asian; D050197:Atherosclerosis; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005843:Geography; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013995:Time; D014481:United States; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
D000393:Air Pollutants