Proteomic profile of the plant-pathogenic oomycete Phytophthora capsici in response to the fungicide pyrimorph.
Pyrimorph is a novel fungicide from the carboxylic acid amide (CAA) family used to control plant-pathogenic oomycetes such as Phytophthora capsici. The proteomic response of P. capsici to pyrimorph was investigated using the iTRAQ technology to determine the target site of the fungicide and potential biomarker candidates of drug efficacy. A total of 1336 unique proteins were identified from the mycelium of wild-type P. capsici isolate (Hd3) and two pyrimorph-resistant mutants (R3-1 and R3-2) grown in the presence or absence of pyrimorph. Comparative analysis revealed that the three P. capsici isolates Hd3, R3-1, and R3-2 produced 163, 77, and 13 unique proteins, respectively, which exhibited altered levels of abundance in response to the pyrimorph treatment. Further investigations, using Cluster of Orthologous Groups of Proteins (COG) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis identified 35 proteins related to the mode of action of pyrimorph against P. capsici and 62 proteins involved in the stress response of P. capsici to pyrimorph. Many of the proteins with altered expression were associated with glucose and energy metabolism. Biochemical analysis using d-[U-(14) C]glucose verified the proteomics data, suggesting that the major mode of action of pyrimorph in P. capsici is the inhibition of cell wall biosynthesis. These results also illustrate that proteomics approaches are useful tools for determining the pathways targeted by novel fungicides as well as for evaluating the tolerance of plant pathogens to environmental challenges, such as the presence of fungicides.
Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China.|Division of Glycoscience, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, Sweden.
Zhili
Z
Pang
Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China.|College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China.
Lei
L
Chen
Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China.
Jianqiang
J
Miao
Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China.
Zhiwen
Z
Wang
Division of Glycoscience, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, Sweden.|Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia.
Vincent
V
Bulone
Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China.
Xili
X
Liu
D000178:Acrylamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009154:Mutation; D010838:Phytophthora / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
D000178:Acrylamides; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D009025:Morpholines; C550850:pyrimorph
Fungicide stress; Microbiology; Phytophthora capsici; Pyrimorph; Quantitative proteomics