Evaluation based on Monte Carlo simulation of lifetime attributable risk of cancer after neck X-ray radiography.
At present, concern regarding radiation exposure is increasing with the prevalence of radiologic examination. As radiation damages the human body, we have evaluated medical radiation dose values and studied the importance of optimizing radiation exposure. We measured entrance surface dose (ESD) values using a RANDO(®) phantom (neck) in 94 randomly selected locations in the central region of Korea. Thyroid and organ doses were calculated using Monte Carlo simulations (PCXMC 2.0.1) based on measured values. In addition, the lifetime attributable risk (LAR) of cancer was calculated for the thyroid, using the method proposed in the biological effects of ionizing radiation VII report. The average measured ESD values obtained using the RANDO(®) phantom (neck) were antero-posterior 1.33 mGy and lateral 1.23 mGy, for a total of 2.56 mGy. Based on the ESD values measured using the phantom, the organ doses were obtained using a Monte Carlo simulation (PCXMC 2.0.1). The thyroid dose was 1.48 mSv on average. In evaluating the LAR of thyroid cancer incidence, a frequency of 0.02 per 100,000 from 2.94 per 100,000 males and a frequency of 0.10 per 100,000 from 16.23 per 100,000 females were found. The risk of cancer was found to be higher when the patient's age was lower, and was also higher in females than in males. It was concluded that beneficial exams in the medical field should not be prohibited because of a statistically small risk, although acknowledgement of the dangers of ionizing radiation is necessary.
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, 139-706, Republic of Korea. duck9298@korea.ac.kr.|Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, 136-703, Republic of Korea. duck9298@korea.ac.kr.
Deoknam
D
Seo
Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, 136-703, Republic of Korea. goodcoat@korea.ac.kr.
Seonggyu
S
Han
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, 139-706, Republic of Korea. khkim@kirams.re.kr.
Kie Hwan
KH
Kim
Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, 136-703, Republic of Korea. rtkjs@korea.ac.kr.
Jungsu
J
Kim
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, 139-706, Republic of Korea. pk-king@hanmail.net.
Kyung
K
Park
Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, 136-703, Republic of Korea. silltown@nate.com.
Hyunjong
H
Lim
Department of Radiologic Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, 136-703, Republic of Korea. minbogun@korea.ac.kr.
Jungmin
J
Kim
D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D009333:Neck / Q000528:radiation effects*; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*
Entrance surface dose (ESD); Lifetime attributable risk (LAR); Monte Carlo simulation; Organ doses; PCXMC