A new model of reverse cholesterol transport: enTICEing strategies to stimulate intestinal cholesterol excretion.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the largest cause of mortality in most developed countries. Although recent failed clinical trials and Mendelian randomization studies have called into question the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) hypothesis, it remains well accepted that stimulating the process of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) can prevent or even regress atherosclerosis. The prevailing model for RCT is that cholesterol from the artery wall must be delivered to the liver where it is secreted into bile before leaving the body through fecal excretion. However, many studies have demonstrated that RCT can proceed through a non-biliary pathway known as transintestinal cholesterol excretion (TICE). The goal of this review is to discuss the current state of knowledge of the TICE pathway, with emphasis on points of therapeutic intervention.
Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA. Electronic address: ryan.temel@uky.edu.
Ryan E
RE
Temel
Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. Electronic address: brownm5@ccf.org.
J Mark
JM
Brown
D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism*; D001659:Biliary Tract / Q000378:metabolism*; D001692:Biological Transport; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000378:metabolism; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological
D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D002784:Cholesterol
bile; cholesterol; lipoprotein; reverse cholesterol transport; transintestinal cholesterol excretion