High-Surface-Area Nitrogen-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide for Electric Double-Layer Capacitors.
A two-step method consisting of solid-state microwave irradiation and heat treatment under NH3 gas was used to prepare nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-RGO) with a high specific surface area (1007 m(2)  g(-1) ), high electrical conductivity (1532 S m(-1) ), and low oxygen content (1.5 wt %) for electrical double-layer capacitor applications. The specific capacitance of N-RGO was 291 F g(-1) at a current density of 1 A g(-1) , and a capacitance of 261 F g(-1) was retained at 50 A g(-1) , which indicated a very good rate capability. N-RGO also showed excellent cycling stability and preserved 96 % of the initial specific capacitance after 100 000 cycles. Near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy results provided evidenced for the recovery of π conjugation in the carbon networks with the removal of oxygenated groups and revealed chemical bonding of the nitrogen atoms in N-RGO. The good electrochemical performance of N-RGO is attributed to its high surface area, high electrical conductivity, and low oxygen content.
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 120-749 (Republic of Korea).
Hee-Chang
HC
Youn
Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 (USA).
Seong-Min
SM
Bak
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 120-749 (Republic of Korea).
Myeong-Seong
MS
Kim
Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 (USA).
Cherno
C
Jaye
Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 (USA).
Daniel A
DA
Fischer
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 120-749 (Republic of Korea).
Chang-Wook
CW
Lee
Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 (USA).
Xiao-Qing
XQ
Yang
Energy Efficient Materials Team, Energy & Environmental Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering & Technology, 233-5 Gasan-dong, Guemcheon-gu, Seoul 153-801 (Republic of Korea). rkc@kicet.re.kr.
Kwang Chul
KC
Roh
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 120-749 (Republic of Korea). kbkim@yonsei.ac.kr.
Kwang-Bum
KB
Kim
D025802:Electric Capacitance; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004566:Electrodes; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties
D010087:Oxides; D006108:Graphite; D009584:Nitrogen; D010100:Oxygen
doping; electrochemistry; graphene; nitrogen; synthesis design