Treatment of minor severe acquired haemophilia. Is there a rationale for immunoadsorption?
OBJECTIVE
In Acquired Haemophilia (AH) autoantibodies against blood coagulation factors, mainly FVIII, inhibit the blood coagulation cascade. The clinical symptoms can vary from minor to severe life threatening bleedings. At present it is unclear if the intensity of the treatment needs to be adapted to the severity of the disease.


METHODS
The clinical data and long term outcome from 20 patients suffering from minor severe AH were summarized. Bleedings requiring no blood transfusions were defined as less severe. In case of FVIII concentration <5% an immunosuppressive treatment (IT) consisting of cyclophosphamide 1-2 mg/kg BW/d and/or prednisolone 1-2 mg/kg BW/d was initiated.


RESULTS
IT induced complete remission (CR) in only 40% of patients (8/20) after a mean time of 133.4 d (±90.7 d). Treatment associated severe side effects occurred in all patients. 15 patients required a factor substitution therapy due to proceeding bleedings. In 7 patients a partial remission (PR) of AH could be achieved; bleedings progressed in 5 of them and they underwent successfully second line immunoadsorption-based protocol. The inhibitor titer differed statistically significant between CR and PR with a mean of 3.7 BU vs. 16 BU. 5 patients had a fatal outcome mainly due to severe disease associated co morbidities.


CONCLUSIONS
Immunosuppressive treatment failed in nearly a half of AH patients. Mortality was with 25% still high. The majority of patients required an intense long-term IT and developed severe treatment related side effect. Immediate start of IT did not control bleeding. In consequence, less severe AH also should be treated with a more rigorous regime because the occurrence of minors bleedings at initial presentation is not a predictive of clinical outcome. An Immunoadsorption-based protocol should be considered first line or even as a salvage strategy.
Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany.
G
G
Goldmann
Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany.
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N
Marquardt
Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany.
S
S
Horneff
Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany.
J
J
Oldenburg
Internal Medical Clinic I of the University of Bonn, Centre of Extracorporeal Therapy and Autoimmunity (CETA), Germany. Electronic address: heike.zeitler@ukb.uni-bonn.de.
H
H
Zeitler
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001781:Blood Component Removal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D015897:Comorbidity; D005169:Factor VIII / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006467:Hemophilia A / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007163:Immunosorbent Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012074:Remission Induction; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D001323:Autoantibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; C078147:F8 protein, human; D005169:Factor VIII
APTT; Acquired haemophilia; FVIII; Immune Tolerance Induction MBMP protocol; Immunoadsorption; Immunomodulation