A Forgiveness Intervention for Women With Fibromyalgia Who Were Abused in Childhood: A Pilot Study.
This pilot study compared the efficacy of a forgiveness intervention with a fibromyalgia (FM) health intervention on women with FM who have experienced emotional, physical, or sexual abuse, and emotional or physical neglect, in childhood by one of their parents. Eleven women with FM between the ages of 21 and 68 were randomized to the forgiveness intervention (n= 5) or the FM health intervention (n= 6), and completed the once-weekly individualized program for 24 weeks. The participants completed measures assessing forgiveness, overall FM health, depression, anger, anxiety, self-esteem, and coping strategies at the pretest, the posttest, and the 12-week follow-up test. They also completed the forgiveness intervention and FM health intervention final tests at the posttest, which assessed their knowledge on forgiveness and FM health. The forgiveness intervention participants had greater improvements in forgiveness (p< .001) and overall FM health (p= .046) from the pretest to the posttest, and in forgiveness (p= .018) and state anger (p= .027) from the pretest to the follow-up test than the FM health intervention participants. Moreover, the forgiveness intervention participants scored higher on the forgiveness final test than the FM health intervention participants (p< .001), and the FM health intervention participants scored higher on the FM health final test than the forgiveness intervention participants (p< .001). The results indicate that the forgiveness intervention was potentially helpful in improving forgiveness and overall FM health, and in decreasing state anger of this particular sample of women with FM.
Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Yu-Rim
YR
Lee
Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, and International Forgiveness Institute, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin.
Robert D
RD
Enright
anger; anxiety; childhood abuse; fibromyalgia; forgiveness