Multicenter case-control study protocol of pneumonia etiology in children: Global Approach to Biological Research, Infectious diseases and Epidemics in Low-income countries (GABRIEL network).
BACKGROUND
Data on the etiologies of pneumonia among children are inadequate, especially in developing countries. The principal objective is to undertake a multicenter incident case-control study of <5-year-old children hospitalized with pneumonia in developing and emerging countries, aiming to identify the causative agents involved in pneumonia while assessing individual and microbial factors associated with the risk of severe pneumonia.


METHODS
A multicenter case-control study, based on the GABRIEL network, is ongoing. Ten study sites are located in 9 countries over 3 continents: Brazil, Cambodia, China, Haiti, India, Madagascar, Mali, Mongolia, and Paraguay. At least 1,000 incident cases and 1,000 controls will be enrolled and matched for age and date. Cases are hospitalized children <5 years with radiologically confirmed pneumonia, and the controls are children without any features suggestive of pneumonia. Respiratory specimens are collected from all enrolled subjects to identify 19 viruses and 5 bacteria. Whole blood from pneumonia cases is being tested for 3 major bacteria. S. pneumoniae-positive specimens are serotyped. Urine samples from cases only are tested for detection of antimicrobial activity. The association between procalcitonin, C-reactive protein and pathogens is being evaluated. A discovery platform will enable pathogen identification in undiagnosed samples.


CONCLUSIONS
This multicenter study will provide descriptive results for better understanding of pathogens responsible for pneumonia among children in developing countries. The identification of determinants related to microorganisms associated with pneumonia and its severity should facilitate treatment and prevention.
Emerging Pathogens Laboratory - Fondation Mérieux, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI) Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, 21, Avenue Tony Garnier, Lyon, 69007, France. valentina.picot@fondation-merieux.org.
Valentina Sanchez
VS
Picot
Infection Control and Epidemiology Unit, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France. thomas.benet@chu-lyon.fr.|Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France. thomas.benet@chu-lyon.fr.
Thomas
T
Bénet
Emerging Pathogens Laboratory - Fondation Mérieux, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI) Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, 21, Avenue Tony Garnier, Lyon, 69007, France. melina.messaoudi@fondation-merieux.org.
Melina
M
Messaoudi
Emerging Pathogens Laboratory - Fondation Mérieux, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI) Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, 21, Avenue Tony Garnier, Lyon, 69007, France. jean-noel.telles@fondation-merieux.org.
Jean-Noël
JN
Telles
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. cmonidarin@uhs.edu.kh.
Monidarin
M
Chou
Department of Pneumology, National Pediatric Hospital, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. techheng@yahoo.com.
Tekchheng
T
Eap
MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Dr. Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB, CAMS-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology (IPB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College), Beijing, China. wangjw28@163.com.
Jianwei
J
Wang
Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children and National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. kunlingshen1717@163.com.
Kunling
K
Shen
GHESKIO (Groupe Haïtien d'Etude du Sarcome de Kaposi et des Infections Opportunistes) Centers, Port au Prince, Haiti. jwpape@gheskio.org.
Jean-William
JW
Pape
GHESKIO (Groupe Haïtien d'Etude du Sarcome de Kaposi et des Infections Opportunistes) Centers, Port au Prince, Haiti. vrouzier@gheskio.org.
Vanessa
V
Rouzier
Chatrapati Shahuji Maharaj University, Lucknow, India. shally07@gmail.com.
Shally
S
Awasthi
Chatrapati Shahuji Maharaj University, Lucknow, India. drnitinpandey@gmail.com.
Nitin
N
Pandey
KEM Hospital Research Center, Pune, India. bavdekar@vsnl.com.
Ashish
A
Bavdekar
KEM Hospital Research Center, Pune, India. sanghsk@yahoo.com.
Sonali
S
Sanghvi
Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Antananarivo, Madagascar. annicklalaina@yahoo.fr.
Annick
A
Robinson
Fondation Mérieux, Centre d'Infectiologie Charles Mérieux (CICM), Antananarivo, Madagascar. benedicte.contamin@fondation-merieux.org.
Bénédicte
B
Contamin
Fondation Mérieux, Centre d'Infectiologie Charles Mérieux (CICM), Antananarivo, Madagascar. jonathan.hoffmann@fondation-merieux.org.
Jonathan
J
Hoffmann
Gabriel Touré Hospital, Bamako, Mali. dr_mame@yahoo.fr.
Maryam
M
Sylla
Centre d'Infectiologie Charles Mérieux (CICM), Bamako, Mali. souleymane.diallo@fondationmerieux-mali.org.
Souleymane
S
Diallo
Mongolian Academy of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. nymadawa@gyals.mn.
Pagbajabyn
P
Nymadawa
Bayanzurkh District General Hospital, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. dashyandag@mobinet.mn.
Budragchaagiin
B
Dash-Yandag
Research Institute of Health, Asuncion, Paraguay. grusso@rieder.net.py.
Graciela
G
Russomando
Hospital Pediátrico "Niños de Acosta Ñu", San Lorenzo, Paraguay. wilmabasualdo@gmail.com.
Wilma
W
Basualdo
Respiratory virus Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Hospital Bonsucesso, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. mmsiq@ioc.fiocruz.br.
Marilda M
MM
Siqueira
Respiratory virus Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Hospital Bonsucesso, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. pfbcosta@gmail.com.
Patricia
P
Barreto
Emerging Pathogens Laboratory - Fondation Mérieux, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI) Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, 21, Avenue Tony Garnier, Lyon, 69007, France. florence.pradel@fondation-merieux.org.
Florence
F
Komurian-Pradel
Emerging Pathogens Laboratory - Fondation Mérieux, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI) Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, 21, Avenue Tony Garnier, Lyon, 69007, France. guy.vernet@hotmail.com.
Guy
G
Vernet
Emerging Pathogens Laboratory - Fondation Mérieux, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI) Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, 21, Avenue Tony Garnier, Lyon, 69007, France. hubert.endtz@fondation-merieux.org.
Hubert
H
Endtz
Infection Control and Epidemiology Unit, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France. philippe.vanhems@chu-lyon.fr.|Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France. philippe.vanhems@chu-lyon.fr.
Philippe
P
Vanhems
Emerging Pathogens Laboratory - Fondation Mérieux, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI) Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, 21, Avenue Tony Garnier, Lyon, 69007, France. glaucia.baccala@fondation-merieux.org.
Gláucia
G
Paranhos-Baccalà
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000652:urine; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001938:Brazil; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000097:blood; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; D002160:Cambodia; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D006205:Haiti; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007223:Infant; D008270:Madagascar; D008297:Male; D008302:Mali; D008986:Mongolia; D010239:Paraguay; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000382:microbiology; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood; D014780:Viruses / Q000302:isolation & purification
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; C000606589:CALCA protein, human; D011498:Protein Precursors; D002116:Calcitonin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide