Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of the Marine-Derived Compound Excavatolide B Isolated from the Culture-Type Formosan Gorgonian Briareum excavatum.
In recent years, several marine-derived compounds have been clinically evaluated. Diterpenes are secondary metabolites from soft coral that exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and cytotoxic activities. In the present study, we isolated a natural diterpene product, excavatolide B, from cultured Formosan gorgonian Briareum excavatum and investigated its anti-inflammatory activities. We found that excavatolide B significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of the proinflammatory mediators, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged murine macrophages (RAW 264.7). We also examined the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of excavatolide B on intraplantar carrageenan-induced inflammatory responses. Excavatolide B was found to significantly attenuate carrageenan-induced nociceptive behaviors, mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, weight bearing deficits and paw edema. In addition, excavatolide B inhibited iNOS, as well as the infiltration of immune cells in carrageenan-induced inflammatory paw tissue.
Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. chas6119@gmail.com.
Yen-You
YY
Lin
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ping-Tung Christian Hospital, Ping-Tung 90059, Taiwan. linsungchun@yahoo.com.tw.
Sung-Chun
SC
Lin
Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. qscjuejuejue@gmail.com.
Chien-Wei
CW
Feng
Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. peichin1128@gmail.com.
Pei-Chin
PC
Chen
Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. pjsung@nmmba.gov.tw.|National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan. pjsung@nmmba.gov.tw.
Yin-Di
YD
Su
Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. afred75910@gmail.com.
Chi-Min
CM
Li
School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan. y520729@gmail.com.
San-Nan
SN
Yang
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ping-Tung Christian Hospital, Ping-Tung 90059, Taiwan. jean.tang@msa.hinet.net.
Yen-Hsuan
YH
Jean
National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan. pjsung@nmmba.gov.tw.|Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan. pjsung@nmmba.gov.tw.
Ping-Jyun
PJ
Sung
Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. yihduh@mail.nsysu.edu.tw.
Chang-Yih
CY
Duh
Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. wzh@mail.nsysu.edu.tw.|Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. wzh@mail.nsysu.edu.tw.
Zhi-Hong
ZH
Wen
D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D037421:Anthozoa / Q000737:chemistry*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism
D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D004224:Diterpenes; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C574336:excavatolide B; D002351:Carrageenan; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2