Maternal hypoglycemia on 50 g glucose challenge test: outcomes are influenced by fetal gender.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with maternal hypoglycemia following a second trimester oral glucose challenge test (GCT).


METHODS
This retrospective case control study consisted of 2091 pregnant women with hypoglycemia (glucose levels >88 mg/dL 1 h following a 50 g GCT in the second trimester of pregnancy) and a control group of 2091 pregnant women with a GCT result between 88 and 130 mg/dL. Perinatal and neonatal characteristics obtained from electronic medical records were compared between groups.


RESULTS
The rates of pregnancy complications were similar in both groups, with the exception of a lower incidence of polyhydramnios and a higher rate of deliveries before the 34th week of gestation in patients with hypoglycemia (0.5% vs. 1.1%, P=0.016 vs. 2.6% vs. 1.7%, P=0.033); respectively. Neonates born to mothers with hypoglycemia had significantly less birth trauma (0.3% vs. 0.9%, P=0.027) and neonatal hypoglycemia. When the data for male and female infants were analyzed separately, male infants had a 1.5-fold (95% CI: 1.05-2.18) increased chance of being small for gestational age (SGA), whereas the risk for female infants did not increase (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.56-1.11).


CONCLUSIONS
A low maternal plasma glucose level on the GCT is associated with favorable outcomes, such as decreased rates of birth trauma and neonatal hypoglycemia. In addition, male infants have a higher risk of being SGA than female infants when maternal GCT results were <88 mg/dL.
Hasan Onur
HO
Topçu
Can Tekin
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1376-5734
CT
İskender
Şevki
Ş
Çelen
Aslı
A
Oskovi
Dilek
D
Uygur
Salim
S
Erkaya
D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011250:Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic / Q000097:blood*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D055815:Young Adult