Individualized fortification of breast milk in 41 Extremely Low Birth Weight (ELBW) preterm infants.
BACKGROUND
The use of breast milk presents numerous early and long-term advantages for ELBW preterms. However, breast milk without fortification does not cover the high nutritional needs of such patients. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of individualized fortification of breast milk on the growth of ELBWs hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).


METHODS
Retrospective single-center observational study.


RESULTS
We assessed the growth of 41 consecutive ELBWs (21 females, 20 males) with gestational ages between 23 and 30 weeks (mean GA 26.31±1.8) fed with breast milk in an individualized way. The rate of growth as the mean weight increase with breast milk fortification was 16.04±3.13 g/kg/day, more than the growth of the fetus in the uterus (~15 g/kg/day). This result was confirmed also among the ELBWs of lower GA. However, only 24.4% of all the ELBWs at the time of discharge from the NICU presented an appropriate weight for their gestational age. No cases of Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) were observed.


CONCLUSIONS
Despite high growth velocity, the ELBWs failed to remain in the same percentiles of birth and, at discharge, only 27.7% had a weight of >10 centiles. Further studies are needed to improve growth during early critical phases of development.
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Pathology, Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Italy.
Alessandra
A
Reali
3A Arborea Laboratories, Italy.
Francesca
F
Greco
3A Arborea Laboratories, Italy.
Guido
G
Marongiu
3A Arborea Laboratories, Italy.
Federica
F
Deidda
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Pathology, Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Italy.
Simona
S
Atzeni
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Pathology, Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Italy.
Roberta
R
Campus
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Pathology, Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Italy. Electronic address: angelicadessi@hotmail.it.
Angelica
A
Dessì
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Pathology, Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Italy.
Vassilios
V
Fanos
D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D005260:Female; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D052577:Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight / Q000097:blood / Q000254:growth & development*; D062071:Infant, Extremely Premature / Q000097:blood / Q000254:growth & development*; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D008297:Male; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
Early neonatal growth; Extrauterine growth restriction; Extremely Low Birth Weight; Fortification; Human milk; Newborn