Employing Tryptone as a General Phase Transfer Agent to Produce Renal Clearable Nanodots for Bioimaging.
Hydrophobic ultrasmall nanoparticles synthesized in nonpolar solvents exhibit great potential in biomedical applications. However, a major challenge when applying these nanomaterials in biomedical research is the lack of a versatile strategy to render them water dispersible while preserving the hydrodynamic diameter (HD) to be less than 8 nm for efficient renal clearance. To address this problem, tryptone is employed as the novel ligand to fabricate a simple, versatile, and inexpensive strategy for transferring hydrophobic NaGdF(4) nanodots (3 nm in diameter) from organic phase into aqueous phase without any complicated organic synthesis. The paramagnetic properties of NaGdF(4) nanodots are well retained after the phase transfer process. In particular, the tryptone-NaGdF(4) nanodots have ultrasmall HD (ca., 7.5 nm), which greatly improves their tumor accumulation and facilitates renal clearance within 24 h postinjection. The as-prepared tryptone-NaGdF(4) nanodots can also be further functionalized with other molecules for extensively biomedical and bioanalytical applications. Furthermore, the proposed strategy can easily be extended to transfer other types of inorganic nanoparticles from hydrophobic to hydrophilic for facilitating biomedical applications.
State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China.
Fuyao
F
Liu
School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.
Xiuxia
X
He
School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.
Junping
J
Zhang
Department of Radiology Institution, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China.
Huimao
H
Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.
Zhenxin
Z
Wang
D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000737:chemistry*; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010461:Peptones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D044367:Phase Transition
D003287:Contrast Media; D010461:Peptones; C001830:tryptones; D005682:Gadolinium
imaging agents; nanoparticles; phase transfer; renal clearance; tryptone, bioimaging