Long distance transport of irradiated male Glossina palpalis gambiensis pupae and its impact on sterile male yield.
BACKGROUND
The application of the sterile insect technique (SIT) requires mass-production of sterile males of good biological quality. The size of the project area will in most cases determine whether it is more cost effective to produce the sterile flies locally (and invest in a mass-rearing facility) or import the sterile flies from a mass-rearing facility that is located in another country. This study aimed at assessing the effect of long distance transport of sterile male Glossina palpalis gambiensis pupae on adult male fly yield.


METHODS
The male pupae were produced at the Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l'Elevage en zone Subhumide (CIRDES), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, and shipped with a commercial courier service in insulated transport boxes at a temperature of ±10°C to Senegal (±36 h of transport). Upon arrival in the insectary in Dakar, the pupae were transferred to an emergence room and the flies monitored for 3-6 days.


RESULTS
The results showed that the used system of isothermal boxes that contained phase change material packs (S8) managed to keep the temperature at around 10°C which prevented male fly emergence during transport. The emergence rate was significantly higher for pupae from batch 2 (chilled at 4°C for one day in the source insectary before transport) than those from batch 1 (chilled at 4°C for two days in the source insectary before transport) i.e. an average (±sd) of 76.1 ± 13.2% and 72.2 ± 14.3%, respectively with a small proportion emerging during transport (0.7 ± 1.7% and 0.9 ± 2.9%, respectively). Among the emerged flies, the percentage with deformed (not fully expanded) wings was significantly higher for flies from batch 1 (12.0 ± 6.3%) than from batch 2 (10.7 ± 7.5%). The amount of sterile males available for release as a proportion of the total pupae shipped was 65.8 ± 13.3% and 61.7 ± 14.7% for batch 1 and 2 pupae, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
The results also showed that the temperature inside the parcel must be controlled around 10°C with a maximal deviation of 3°C to maximize the male yield.
Pan-African Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Eradication Campaign, Bobo-Dioulasso, 01 BP 1087, Burkina Faso. pagasoum@yahoo.fr.|Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Unité Mixte de Recherche Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes, Campus International de Baillarguet, Montpellier, 34398, France. pagasoum@yahoo.fr.|Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1309 'Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes', Montpellier, 34398, France. pagasoum@yahoo.fr.
Soumaïla
S
Pagabeleguem
Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National d'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Service de Parasitologie, Dakar - Hann, BP, 2057, Sénégal. mtseck@hotmail.com.
Momar Talla
MT
Seck
Direction des Services Vétérinaires, 37, avenue Pasteur, Dakar, BP 67, Sénégal. babasall@hotmail.com.
Baba
B
Sall
Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Wagramer-strasse 5, PO Box 100, Vienna, A-1400, Austria. m.vreysen@iaea.org.
Marc J B
MJ
Vreysen
Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Unité Mixte de Recherche Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes, Campus International de Baillarguet, Montpellier, 34398, France. Geoffrey.gimonneau@cirad.fr.|Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1309 'Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes', Montpellier, 34398, France. Geoffrey.gimonneau@cirad.fr.|Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National d'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Service de Parasitologie, Dakar - Hann, BP, 2057, Sénégal. Geoffrey.gimonneau@cirad.fr.
Geoffrey
G
Gimonneau
Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National d'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Service de Parasitologie, Dakar - Hann, BP, 2057, Sénégal. agueyefall@yahoo.fr.
Assane Gueye
AG
Fall
Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National d'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Service de Parasitologie, Dakar - Hann, BP, 2057, Sénégal. bassenerose@yahoo.fr.
Mireille
M
Bassene
Pan-African Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Eradication Campaign, Bobo-Dioulasso, 01 BP 1087, Burkina Faso. sambo@fasonet.bf.|Centre International de Recherche-développement sur l'Élevage en Zone Subhumide, Bobo-Dioulasso, 01 BP 454, Burkina Faso. sambo@fasonet.bf.
Issa
I
Sidibé
Centre International de Recherche-développement sur l'Élevage en Zone Subhumide, Bobo-Dioulasso, 01 BP 454, Burkina Faso. jbrayaisse@hotmail.com.
Jean-Baptiste
JB
Rayaissé
Université Polytechnique de Bobo-Dioulasso, Houet, BP, 1091, Burkina Faso. belemamg@hotmail.fr.
Adrien M G
AM
Belem
Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Unité Mixte de Recherche Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes, Campus International de Baillarguet, Montpellier, 34398, France. bouyer@cirad.fr.|Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1309 'Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes', Montpellier, 34398, France. bouyer@cirad.fr.|Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National d'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Service de Parasitologie, Dakar - Hann, BP, 2057, Sénégal. bouyer@cirad.fr.|Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Unité Mixte de Recherche 'Interactions hôtes-vecteurs-parasites-environnement dans les maladies tropicales négligées dues aux trypanosomatides', Montpellier, 34398, France. bouyer@cirad.fr.
Jérémy
J
Bouyer
D000818:Animals; D002050:Burkina Faso; D003080:Cold Temperature; D007248:Infertility, Male; D008297:Male; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D011679:Pupa; D012098:Reproduction; D012675:Senegal; D013997:Time Factors; D014370:Tsetse Flies / Q000502:physiology*