Optimization of methylene blue using Ca(2+) and Zn(2+) bio-polymer hydrogel beads: A comparative study.
Recently noted that the methylene blue cause severe central nervous system toxicity. It is essential to optimize the methylene blue from aqueous environment. In this study, a comparison of an optimization of methylene blue was investigated by using modified Ca(2+) and Zn(2+) bio-polymer hydrogel beads. A batch mode study was conducted using various parameters like time, dye concentration, bio-polymer dose, pH and process temperature. The isotherms, kinetics, diffusion and thermodynamic studies were performed for feasibility of the optimization process. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm equations were used for the prediction of isotherm parameters and correlated with dimensionless separation factor (RL). Pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order Lagegren's kinetic equations were used for the correlation of kinetic parameters. Intraparticle diffusion model was employed for diffusion of the optimization process. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) shows different absorbent peaks of Ca(2+) and Zn(2+) beads and the morphology of the bio-polymer material analyzed with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The TG & DTA studies show that good thermal stability with less humidity without production of any non-degraded products.
Department of Chemistry, Anna University Chennai, University College of Engineering, Pattukottai, Rajamadam 614701, Tamilnadu, India.
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Kumar
Department of Chemistry, Anna University Chennai, University College of Engineering, Pattukottai, Rajamadam 614701, Tamilnadu, India. Electronic address: rrtamilk@yahoo.co.in.
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Tamilarasan
Membrane Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology-Tiruchirapalli, Tiruchirapalli, 620015, India. Electronic address: arthanareeg@yahoo.com.
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Arthanareeswaran
Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia. Electronic address: fauzi.ismail@gmail.com.
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Ismail
D000327:Adsorption; D001704:Biopolymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry*; D004058:Diffusion; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry*
D001704:Biopolymers; D020100:Hydrogels; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D015032:Zinc; D002118:Calcium; D008751:Methylene Blue
Calcium; Hydrogel; Methylene blue; Optimization; Polymer composite beads; Zinc