Decreasing body dissatisfaction using a brief conditioning intervention.
OBJECTIVE
Body dissatisfaction in females is common and a risk factor for the development of an eating disorder. This study tested whether body dissatisfaction could be improved using a brief conditioning intervention in which photographs of participants' bodies were selectively paired with positive social stimuli (smiling faces) and photographs of other bodies were paired with neutral or negative social stimuli (neutral and frowning faces).


METHODS
39 women (mean age = 22.46; 64.1% Caucasian) with high body dissatisfaction were randomized to either the evaluative conditioning intervention (n = 22) or to a delayed waitlist control condition (n = 17). Body dissatisfaction (specifically, shape and weight concern), restraint, eating concern, and self-esteem were assessed at baseline, post treatment and again after four and 12 weeks.


RESULTS
Compared to women in the delayed waitlist control condition, women in the treatment condition demonstrated a significant decrease in shape and weight concern, and a significant increase in self-esteem. Similar trends were found for the control condition after they completed the intervention. Changes at post treatment related to body dissatisfaction were maintained at 12-week follow-up.


CONCLUSIONS
Repeatedly pairing photographs of an individual's body with positive social feedback may lead to improved body image and self-esteem.
Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, CA, USA. Electronic address: doctoraspen@gmail.com.
Vandana
V
Aspen
Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.
Carolien
C
Martijn
Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.
Jessica M
JM
Alleva
Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, CA, USA.
Jessica
J
Nagel
Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, CA, USA.
Cassie
C
Perret
Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, CA, USA.
Clare
C
Purvis
Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, CA, USA.
Jenine
J
Saekow
Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, CA, USA.
James
J
Lock
Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, CA, USA.
C Barr
CB
Taylor
D000328:Adult; D001828:Body Image / Q000523:psychology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological; D004644:Emotions; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D012307:Risk Factors; D012649:Self Concept; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
Body dissatisfaction; Body image; Evaluative conditioning; High risk; Intervention