Control of a Reassortant Pandemic 2009 H1N1 Influenza Virus Outbreak in an Intensive Swine Breeding Farm: Effect of Vaccination and Enhanced Farm Management Practices.
Influenza A viruses in swine cause considerable economic losses and raise concerns about their zoonotic potential. The current paucity of thorough empirical assessments of influenza A virus infection levels in swine herds under different control interventions hinders our understanding of their effectiveness. Between 2012 and 2013, recurrent outbreaks of respiratory disease caused by a reassortant pandemic 2009 H1N1 (H1N1pdm) virus were registered in a swine breeding farm in North-East Italy, providing the opportunity to assess an outbreak response plan based on vaccination and enhanced farm management. All sows/gilts were vaccinated with a H1N1pdm-specific vaccine, biosecurity was enhanced, weaning cycles were lengthened, and cross-fostering of piglets was banned. All tested piglets had maternally-derived antibodies at 30 days of age and were detectable in 5.3% of ~90 day-old piglets. There was a significant reduction in H1N1pdm RT-PCR detections after the intervention. Although our study could not fully determine the extent to which the observed trends in seropositivity or RT-PCR positivity among piglets were due to the intervention or to the natural course of the disease in the herd, we provided suggestive evidence that the applied measures were useful in controlling the outbreak, even without an all-in/all-out system, while keeping farm productivity at full.
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Padua, Italy; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Lapo
L
Mughini-Gras
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Padua, Italy.
Maria Serena
MS
Beato
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Padua, Italy.
Giorgia
G
Angeloni
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Padua, Italy.
Isabella
I
Monne
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Padua, Italy.
Filippo
F
Buniolo
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Padua, Italy.
Federica
F
Zuliani
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Padua, Italy.
Matteo
M
Morini
Freelance DVM, Treviso, Italy.
Alberto
A
Castellan
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Padua, Italy.
Lebana
L
Bonfanti
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Padua, Italy.
Stefano
S
Marangon
H1N1; Influenza; outbreak control; reassortant; swine; vaccination