Subacute poisoning of mice with deltamethrin produces memory impairment, reduced locomotor activity, liver damage and changes in blood morphology in the mechanism of oxidative stress.
BACKGROUND
Deltamethrin (DEL) is a synthetic pyrethroid (PYR) insecticide, potent neurotoxicant. The current investigation was envisaged to explore behavioral, biochemical and morphologic effects of subacute poisoning with DEL in mice and to find one common mechanism of these changes.


METHODS
Mice were daily injected ip with different doses of DEL: 8.3, 20.75 or 41.5mg/kg bw for 28 days. Their memory retention in passive avoidance task (PA), fresh spatial memory in a Y-maze and locomotor activity were measured once weekly. On day 29, blood morphology, alanine transaminase (ALT) activity and creatinine concentration in the blood sera, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were measured in the livers and kidneys. Livers were examined with light microscopy.


RESULTS
Significant impairment of memory retention was recorded on day 2, 7 and 28 after exposure to DEL. Fresh spatial memory was significantly impaired by the highest dose of DEL on day 1, 14 and 28. Locomotor activity was reduced at every stage of experiment in all the groups exposed to DEL. In the animals exposed to the highest dose of DEL activities of alanine transaminase (ALT) and SOD were elevated, GPx was reduced, lymphocyte infiltrates were detected in the livers and there were changes in blood morphology.


CONCLUSIONS
The results obtained indicate that liver and bone marrow, apart from the central nervous system (CNS) are damaged in the course of subacute poisoning with DEL. The possible common mechanism of the damage is oxidative stress.
Department of Hygiene, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland. Electronic address: bnieradkoiwanicka@umlub.pl.
Barbara
B
Nieradko-Iwanicka
Department of Hygiene, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
Andrzej
A
Borzęcki
D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006403:Hematologic Tests; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009570:Nitriles / Q000506:poisoning*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000506:poisoning*
D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; C017180:decamethrin
Deltamethrin; Locomotor activity; Memory; Oxidative stress; Pyrethroid