Patient-centered feedback on the results of personality testing increases early engagement in residential substance use disorder treatment: a pilot randomized controlled trial.
BACKGROUND
Patient-centered models of assessment have shown considerable promise for increasing patients' readiness for mental health treatment in general, but have not been used to facilitate patients' engagement in substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. We developed a brief patient-centered intervention using assessment and feedback of personality data and examined its acceptability and efficacy to increase early engagement in residential SUD treatment.


METHODS
Thirty patients entering a 90-day residential SUD treatment program were randomly assigned to a feedback (n = 17) or control (n = 13; assessment-only) condition. Normal-range personality was assessed with the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO PI-R). Patients were re-interviewed one month after treatment entry to obtain information on their satisfaction with the intervention, as well as their adjustment to the residential milieu. Electronic medical records were reviewed to obtain information on patients' length of stay in the program and discharge status. Univariate ANOVAs and chi-square tests were conducted to examine group differences on outcomes.


RESULTS
Patients' ratings indicated strong satisfaction with the feedback intervention and expectations that it would have a positive impact on their treatment experiences. Among patients who had not previously been treated in the residential program, the feedback intervention was associated with more positive relationships with other residents in treatment and a stronger alliance with the treatment program one month after treatment entry. The feedback intervention was also associated with a longer length of stay in treatment, although this effect did not reach statistical significance.


CONCLUSIONS
The findings highlight the clinical utility of providing SUD patients with patient-centered feedback based on the results of personality testing, and provide preliminary support for the acceptability and efficacy of this intervention to facilitate early engagement in residential SUD treatment.
Center for Innovation to Implementation, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 795 Willow Road (152-MPD), Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA. dmblonigen@gmail.com.|Family Research Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 795 Willow Road (152-MPD), Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA. dmblonigen@gmail.com.
Daniel M
DM
Blonigen
Center for Innovation to Implementation, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 795 Willow Road (152-MPD), Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA. ctimko@stanford.edu.|Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA. ctimko@stanford.edu.
Christine
C
Timko
Family Research Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 795 Willow Road (152-MPD), Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA. ttjbocaj@aol.com.|Palo Alto University, 1791 Arastradero Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA. ttjbocaj@aol.com.
Theodore
T
Jacob
Center for Innovation to Implementation, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 795 Willow Road (152-MPD), Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA. rmoos@stanford.edu.|Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA. rmoos@stanford.edu.
Rudolf H
RH
Moos
D000328:Adult; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D018802:Patient-Centered Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010555:Personality Inventory; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000628:therapy*