Bioactivity and chemical characterisation of Lophostemon suaveolens--an endemic Australian Aboriginal traditional medicinal plant.
Lophostemon suaveolens is a relatively unexplored endemic medicinal plant of Australia. Extracts of fresh leaves of L. suaveolens obtained from sequential extraction with n-hexane and dichloromethane exhibited antibacterial activity in the disc diffusion and MTT microdilution assays against Streptococcus pyogenes and methicillin sensitive and resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (minimum bactericidal concentration < 63 μg/mL). The dichloromethane extract and chromatographic fractions therein inhibited nitric oxide in RAW264.7 murine macrophages (IC50 3.7-11.6 μg/mL) and also PGE2 in 3T3 murine fibroblasts (IC50 2.8-19.7 μg/mL). The crude n-hexane, dichloromethane and water extracts of the leaves and chromatographic fractions from the dichloromethane extract also showed modest antioxidant activity in the ORAC assay. GC-MS analysis of the n-hexane fraction showed the presence of the antibacterial compounds aromadendrene, spathulenol, β-caryophyllene, α-humulene and α-pinene and the anti-inflammatory compounds β-caryophyllene and spathulenol. Fractionation of the dichloromethane extract led to the isolation of eucalyptin and the known anti-inflammatory compound betulinic acid.
a Indigenous Bioresources Research Group, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University , North Ryde , NSW 2109 , Australia.
Tarannum
T
Naz
a Indigenous Bioresources Research Group, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University , North Ryde , NSW 2109 , Australia.|f National Institute of Complementary Medicine, University of Western , Sydney , NSW 2751 , Australia.
Joanne
J
Packer
a Indigenous Bioresources Research Group, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University , North Ryde , NSW 2109 , Australia.
Ping
P
Yin
b School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia.
Joseph J
JJ
Brophy
c Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University , Lismore , NSW 2480 , Australia.|d Integria Healthcare , Ballina , NSW 2478 , Australia.
Hans
H
Wohlmuth
c Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University , Lismore , NSW 2480 , Australia.
Dane E
DE
Renshaw
c Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University , Lismore , NSW 2480 , Australia.
Joshua
J
Smith
e Yaegl Local Aboriginal Land Council , Maclean , NSW 2463 , Australia.
Yaegl Community
YC
Elders
a Indigenous Bioresources Research Group, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University , North Ryde , NSW 2109 , Australia.
Subramanyam R
SR
Vemulpad
a Indigenous Bioresources Research Group, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University , North Ryde , NSW 2109 , Australia.
Joanne F
JF
Jamie
D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001315:Australia; D052176:Azulenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D000081222:Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D027822:Myrtaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D053978:Pentacyclic Triterpenes; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D000081223:Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes / Q000187:drug effects; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D000094062:Betulinic Acid
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D052176:Azulenes; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D005419:Flavonoids; D000081222:Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D053978:Pentacyclic Triterpenes; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000081223:Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D014315:Triterpenes; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C510134:aromadendrene; C442482:eucalyptin; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C042686:humulene; C013258:spathulenol; C024714:caryophyllene; C005451:alpha-pinene; D000094062:Betulinic Acid
Staphylococcus aureus; anti-inflammatory; antimicrobial; antioxidant; apple gum