Brow/Upper lid anatomy, aging and aesthetic analysis.
The upper eyelid serves the important anatomic function of protecting the eye and rewetting the cornea to maintain vision. The complex dynamic action of the upper eyelid explains its relatively complex anatomy. The brow has an important supportive role. Studies have revealed facial characteristics perceived as youthful and aged, and the anatomic basis of these changes is defined at many levels. Characteristic aging changes in the upper eyelid and brow create an appearance of aging and opportunities for functional and aesthetic improvement.
Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8115, St Louis, MO 63110 USA.
Gregory
G
Branham
Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Louis University, 1755 South Grand Boulevard, St Louis, MO 63104, USA; Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Saint Louis University, 3635 Vista Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA. Electronic address: jholds@sbcglobal.net.
John B
JB
Holds
D000375:Aging; D004954:Esthetics; D005143:Eyelids / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005546:Forehead / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans
Blepharochalasis; Blepharoplasty; Brow; Browlift; Dermatochalasis; Ptosis; Upper eyelid