Dietary Supplementation with Olive Oil or Fish Oil and Vascular Effects of Concentrated Ambient Particulate Matter Exposure in Human Volunteers.
BACKGROUND
Exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) induces endothelial dysfunction, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Olive oil (OO) and fish oil (FO) supplements have beneficial effects on endothelial function.


OBJECTIVE
In this study we evaluated the potential efficacy of OO and FO in mitigating endothelial dysfunction and disruption of hemostasis caused by exposure to particulate matter (PM).


RESULTS
Forty-two participants (58 ± 1 years of age) received either 3 g/day of OO or FO, or no supplements (naive) for 4 weeks prior to undergoing 2-hr exposures to filtered air and concentrated ambient particulate matter (CAP; mean, 253 ± 16 μg/m3). Endothelial function was assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery preexposure, immediately postexposure, and 20 hr postexposure. Levels of endothelin-1 and markers of fibrinolysis and inflammation were also measured. The FMD was significantly lower after CAP exposure in the naive (-19.4%; 95% CI: -36.4, -2.3 per 100 μg/m3 CAP relative to baseline; p = 0.03) and FO groups (-13.7%; 95% CI: -24.5, -2.9; p = 0.01), but not in the OO group (-7.6%; 95% CI: -21.5, 6.3; p = 0.27). Tissue plasminogen activator levels were significantly increased immediately after (11.6%; 95% CI: 0.8, 22.2; p = 0.04) and 20 hr after CAP exposure in the OO group. Endothelin-1 levels were significantly increased 20 hr after CAP exposure in the naive group only (17.1%; 95% CI: 2.2, 32.0; p = 0.03).


CONCLUSIONS
Short-term exposure to CAP induced vascular endothelial dysfunction. OO supplementation attenuated CAP-induced reduction of FMD and changes in blood markers associated with vasoconstriction and fibrinolysis, suggesting that OO supplementation may be an efficacious intervention to protect against vascular effects of exposure to PM.


BACKGROUND
Tong H, Rappold AG, Caughey M, Hinderliter AL, Bassett M, Montilla T, Case MW, Berntsen J, Bromberg PA, Cascio WE, Diaz-Sanchez D, Devlin RB, Samet JM. 2015. Dietary supplementation with olive oil or fish oil and vascular effects of concentrated ambient particulate matter exposure in human volunteers. Environ Health Perspect 123:1173-1179; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408988.
Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
Haiyan
H
Tong
Ana G
AG
Rappold
Melissa
M
Caughey
Alan L
AL
Hinderliter
Maryann
M
Bassett
Tracey
T
Montilla
Martin W
MW
Case
Jon
J
Berntsen
Philip A
PA
Bromberg
Wayne E
WE
Cascio
David
D
Diaz-Sanchez
Robert B
RB
Devlin
James M
JM
Samet
D000368:Aged; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000502:physiology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000032:analysis; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005342:Fibrinolysis; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000069463:Olive Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000032:analysis; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology
D000393:Air Pollutants; D019332:Endothelin-1; D005395:Fish Oils; D000069463:Olive Oil; D052638:Particulate Matter; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator