The Conductivity and pH Values of Dispersions of Nanospheres for Targeted Drug Delivery in the Course of Forced Equilibrium Dialysis.
BACKGROUND
In the available literature, the problem of pH and conductivity in FED is evaluated separately, and limited mainly to the final purity of the synthesized polymer. In this study data from conductivity and pH measurements were evaluated in the context of the structure of the macromolecule.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to evaluate the conductivity and pH of dispersions of nanospheres synthesized with the use of N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPA) as the main monomer, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as the cross-linker and acrylic acid (AcA) as the anionic comonomer during the purification of dispersions via forced equilibrium dialysis (FED).


METHODS
Six batches of nanospheres were obtained in the process of surfactant free precipitation polymerization (SFPP) under inert nitrogen. The conductivity and pH of the dispersions of nanospheres were measured at the beginning of FED and after finishing that process. The conductivity in the systems being studied decreased significantly in the process of FED. The initial values of conductivity ranged from 736.85±8.13 μS×cm(-1) to 1048.90±67.53 μS×cm(-1) After 10 days, when the systems being assessed gained stability in terms of conductivity level, the values of conductivity were between 4.29±0.01 μS×cm(-1) and 33.56±0.04 μS×cm(-1). The pH values inreased significantly after FED. The resulting pH was between 6.92±0.07 and 8.21±0.07, while the initial values were between 3.42±0.23 μS×cm(-1) and 4.30±0.22 μS×cm(-1).


CONCLUSIONS
Conductivity and pH measurements performed during purification via FED provide important information on the composition of the resulting nanospheres, including the functional groups embedded in the structure of the polymer in the course of the synthesis, as well as the purity of the structures. The presence of a cross-linker and acidic comonomer in the poly-N-isopropyl acrylamide (polyNIPA) macromolecule may be confirmed by both the pH and the conductivity measurements.
Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
Witold
W
Musiał
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
Janusz
J
Pluta
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
Tomasz
T
Byrski
Laboratory for Chemistry and Environmental Protection, Engineering Materials and Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Slovenia.
Julija V
JV
Valh
D000178:Acrylamides / Q000737:chemistry*; D000179:Acrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry; D003956:Dialysis; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D050997:Nanomedicine; D054118:Nanospheres; D058105:Polymerization; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*
D000178:Acrylamides; D000179:Acrylates; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D004337:Drug Carriers; C067295:N-isopropylacrylamide; C021221:N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide; C036658:acrylic acid