Loss of diversity within Mycoplasma bovis isolates collected in France from bovines with respiratory diseases over the last 35 years.
Mycoplasma (M.) bovis has recently emerged as a major, worldwide etiological agent of bovine respiratory diseases leading to huge economic losses mainly due to high morbidity and mortality as well as poor growth rates. The spread of M. bovis infections between different animals, herds, regions or countries has been often reported to be connected to the movement of animals. However, despite recent considerable efforts, no universal subtyping method is yet available to trace M. bovis isolates circulation at an international scale. Moreover in France, the overall population diversity of M. bovis isolates has not been assessed since the early 1990s. This study was conducted to fill in these gaps. The genotypic diversity between sixty isolates collected in France over the last 35 years was assessed using two molecular subtyping methods that addressed either the long-term epidemiological relationships (Multi Locus Sequence Typing, MLST) or the genetic microvariations (Multiple Locus VNTR Analysis, MLVA) between isolates. Phenotypic diversity was also analyzed by using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to compare the main protein patterns of isolates. All proposed subtyping approaches were optimized and led to the same pattern in the French M. bovis population that consisted of two clusters, the first one comprising isolates collected before 2000 and the second, those collected after 2000. Recent strains were further shown to be more homogeneous than older ones, which is consistent with the spread of a single clone throughout the country. Because this spread was concomitant with the emergence of multiresistant M. bovis isolates, several hypotheses are discussed to explain the homogeneity of M. bovis isolates in France, even though the M. bovis species is fully equipped to generate diversity.
Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, UMR Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants, F-69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France; Anses, Laboratoire de Lyon, UMR Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France. Electronic address: claire.becker@vetagro-sup.fr.
Claire A M
CA
Becker
Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, HIA Desgenettes, F-69275 Lyon Cedex 03, France. Electronic address: francois.thibault@irba.fr.
François M
FM
Thibault
Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, UMR Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants, F-69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France; Anses, Laboratoire de Lyon, UMR Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France. Electronic address: marie-anne.arcangioli@vetagro-sup.fr.
Marie-Anne
MA
Arcangioli
Anses, Laboratoire de Lyon, UMR Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France; Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, UMR Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants, F-69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France. Electronic address: florence.tardy@anses.fr.
Florence
F
Tardy
D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000266:history / Q000382:microbiology*; D005602:France; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D009175:Mycoplasma Infections / Q000662:veterinary*; D045682:Mycoplasma bovis / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny
France; Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI–TOF MS); Molecular epidemiology; Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST); Multiple Locus VNTR Analysis (MLVA); Mycoplasma bovis