Role of Caffeine Intake on Erectile Dysfunction in US Men: Results from NHANES 2001-2004.
OBJECTIVE
Caffeine is consumed by more than 85% of adults and little is known about its role on erectile dysfunction (ED) in population-based studies. We investigated the association of caffeine intake and caffeinated beverages with ED, and whether these associations vary among comorbidities for ED.


METHODS
Data were analyzed for 3724 men (≥20 years old) who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). ED was assessed by a single question during a self-paced, computer-assisted self-interview. We analyzed 24-h dietary recall data to estimate caffeine intake (mg/day). Multivariable logistic regression analyses using appropriate sampling weights were conducted.


RESULTS
We found that men in the 3rd (85-170 mg/day) and 4th (171-303 mg/day) quintiles of caffeine intake were less likely to report ED compared to men in the lowest 1st quintile (0-7 mg/day) [OR: 0.58; 95% CI, 0.37-0.89; and OR: 0.61; 95% CI, 0.38-0.97, respectively], but no evidence for a trend. Similarly, among overweight/obese and hypertensive men, there was an inverse association between higher quintiles of caffeine intake and ED compared to men in the lowest 1st quintile, P≤0.05 for each quintile. However, only among men without diabetes we found a similar inverse association (Ptrend = 0.01).


CONCLUSIONS
Caffeine intake reduced the odds of prevalent ED, especially an intake equivalent to approximately 2-3 daily cups of coffee (170-375 mg/day). This reduction was also observed among overweight/obese and hypertensive, but not among diabetic men. Yet, these associations are warranted to be investigated in prospective studies.
Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas- Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, United States of America; Division of Urology, University of Texas- Houston Medical School, Houston, TX, United States of America.
David S
DS
Lopez
Division of Urology, University of Texas- Houston Medical School, Houston, TX, United States of America.
Run
R
Wang
Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece.
Konstantinos K
KK
Tsilidis
Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas- Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, United States of America.
Huirong
H
Zhu
Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America.
Carrie R
CR
Daniel
Division of Biostatistics, University of Texas- Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, United States of America.
Arup
A
Sinha
Division of Urology, University of Texas- Houston Medical School, Houston, TX, United States of America.
Steven
S
Canfield
D000328:Adult; D002110:Caffeine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015897:Comorbidity; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
D002110:Caffeine