Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of the Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Delta (PPARδ) Gene before and after Exercise in Horse.
While athletic abilities such as speed, endurance and recovery are important in the horse, genes related to these abilities have not been extensively investigated. Here, we characterized the horse peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ) gene and analyzed the expression of PPARδ during exercise. PPARδ is a known regulator of β-oxidation, muscle fiber transformation, and running endurance. Through evolutionary analysis using the synonymous and non-synonymous mutation ratio, it was revealed that positive selection occurred in the horse PPARδ gene. Two important domains related to nuclear hormone receptors, C4 zinc finger and ligand binding domain, were also found to be conserved well in horse PPARδ. Horse PPARδ was expressed ubiquitously in many tissues, but the expression level was various depending on the tissues. In the skeletal muscle, PPARδ increased about 2.5 folds after 30 min of exercise. Unlike in muscle, the increase of PPARδ expression was observed at 60 min but not 30 min of exercise in leukocytes. This finding might be useful for testing the endurance of horse using blood samples. Conclusively, the horse PPARδ gene is evolutionarily conserved well and can be used as a biomarker of endurance in horse.
Department of Animal Science, College of Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Korea.
Hyun-Woo
HW
Cho
Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resource and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea .
Sangsu
S
Shin
Department of Animal Science, College of Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Korea.
Jeong-Woong
JW
Park
Department of Animal Science, College of Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Korea.
Jae-Young
JY
Choi
Subtropical Animal Experiment Station, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Jeju 690-150, Korea .
Nam-Young
NY
Kim
College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 400-712, Korea .
Woon-Kyu
WK
Lee
Genomic Informatics Center, HanKyong National University, Anseong 456-749, Korea .
Hak-Kyo
HK
Lee
Genomic Informatics Center, HanKyong National University, Anseong 456-749, Korea .
Ki-Duk
KD
Song
Department of Animal Science, College of Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Korea.
Byung-Wook
BW
Cho
Endurance; Exercise; Horse; Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Delta