Discovery of a novel nidovirus in cattle with respiratory disease.
The family Coronaviridae represents a diverse group of vertebrate RNA viruses, all with genomes greater than 26,000 nt. Here, we report the discovery and genetic characterization of a novel virus present in cattle with respiratory disease. Phylogenetic characterization of this virus revealed that it clusters within the subfamily Torovirinae, in the family Coronaviridae. The complete genome consists of only 20,261 nt and represents the smallest reported coronavirus genome. We identified seven ORFs, including the canonical nidovirus ORF1a and ORF1b. Analysis of polyprotein 1ab revealed that this virus, tentatively named bovine nidovirus (BoNV), shares the highest homology with the recently described python-borne nidoviruses and contains several conserved nidovirus motifs, but does not encode the NendoU or O-MT domains that are present in other viruses within the family Coronaviridae. In concert with its reduced genome, the atypical domain architecture indicates that this virus represents a unique lineage within the order Nidovirales.
Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NY 10032, USA.
Rafal
R
Tokarz
Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NY 10032, USA.
Stephen
S
Sameroff
Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66508, USA.
Richard A
RA
Hesse
Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66508, USA.
Ben M
BM
Hause
Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NY 10032, USA.
Aaloki
A
Desai
Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NY 10032, USA.
Komal
K
Jain
Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NY 10032, USA.
W
W
Ian Lipkin
D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D016679:Genome, Viral; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D028381:Nidovirales / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D030341:Nidovirales Infections / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D010802:Phylogeny; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000821:virology*