North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS 2): The Prodromal Symptoms.
In studies describing the long-term follow-up up of youth at clinical high risk (CHR) of psychosis, little attention has been given to details of specific prodromal symptoms. In this paper, we describe the prodromal symptoms of 764 CHR participants recruited in the multi-site North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS). Symptoms were rated on the Scale of Prodromal Symptoms (SOPS) at baseline and 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-month follow-ups. Clinical outcome at the 2-year assessment was categorized as psychotic, prodromal progression, symptomatic or in remission. Most of the CHR sample (92%) met criteria for the attenuated positive symptoms syndrome (APSS). Significant improvements in SOPS symptoms were observed over time. Unusual thought content, disorganized communication, and overall ratings on disorganized symptoms differentiated those who transitioned to psychosis from the other clinical outcome groups. Suspiciousness and total positive symptoms differentiated those in remission from the other clinical outcome groups.
*Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; †Department of Psychiatry, UCSD, La Jolla, CA; ‡Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT; §Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Long Island, NY; ∥Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; ¶Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; #Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; **Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT; ††Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles; and ‡‡Department of Psychiatry, UCSF, and SFVA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA.
Jean
J
Addington
Lu
L
Liu
Lisa
L
Buchy
Kristin S
KS
Cadenhead
Tyrone D
TD
Cannon
Barbara A
BA
Cornblatt
Diana O
DO
Perkins
Larry J
LJ
Seidman
Ming T
MT
Tsuang
Elaine F
EF
Walker
Scott W
SW
Woods
Carrie E
CE
Bearden
Daniel H
DH
Mathalon
Thomas H
TH
McGlashan
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D018450:Disease Progression; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009656:North America; D062706:Prodromal Symptoms; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D012075:Remission, Spontaneous; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012569:Schizotypal Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult