Determination of amatoxins and phallotoxins in Amanita phalloides mushrooms from northeastern Portugal by HPLC-DAD-MS.
Amanita phalloides is a toxic mushroom responsible for the majority of deaths occurring after mushrooms ingestion, mainly due to amatoxins. In the present study the contents and distribution of the major amatoxins and phallotoxins in different tissues of A. phalloides from two different sites of Portugal were analyzed by liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to diode array (DAD) and mass spectrometry (MS) detection. The main toxins were separated by LC and its chemical structures confirmed by MS. α-Amanitin contents in caps, stipe and volva tissues were quantified by RP-HPLC. The results show that caps have the highest content of amatoxins, whereas the volva was richest in phallotoxins. Moreover variability in the toxins composition from different geographic sites was also observed. This study provides for the first time the content of toxins in A. phalloides from Portugal.
Division of Medical Sciences & Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom jugarcia@hotmail.com felixdc@ff.up.
Juliana
J
Garcia
Division of Medical Sciences & Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom.
Ana
A
Oliveira
UCBIO-REQUIMTE/Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
Paula Guedes
PG
de Pinho
Centro de Investigação em Química, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Victor
V
Freitas
Institute of Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain.
Alexandra
A
Carvalho
CIMO/School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301-854 Bragança, Portugal.
Paula
P
Baptista
CIMO/School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301-854 Bragança, Portugal.
Eric
E
Pereira
UCBIO-REQUIMTE/Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
Maria
M
de Lourdes Bastos
UCBIO-REQUIMTE/Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal jugarcia@hotmail.com felixdc@ff.up.
Félix
F
Carvalho
D000545:Amanita / Q000737:chemistry*; D000546:Amanitins / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011174:Portugal
D000546:Amanitins; C018358:phallotoxin; C018207:amatoxin
Amanita phalloides; mass spectrometry; reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography; toxins; α-amanitin