Increased total mortality as a function of 24-h pulse pressure dipping.
Elevated pulse pressure (PP) as a difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure is a significant risk factor of cardiovascular (CV) diseases. The goal of our study was to determine the association between PP and major adverse CV events (MACEs), and all-cause and CV mortality in the different age groups of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) confirmed by angiography. To the PROGNOSIS study, finally there were included 891 subjects with CAD. An analysis of the receiver operating characteristic was used for predicting PP dipping among the age groups of patients. A COX proportional hazards model was used to examine the association between PP and PP dipping and risk of MACE, revascularization, CV and total mortality after adjusting for sex, diabetes, smoking and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The median follow-up period was 8.3 years (interquartile range: 5.3-9.0 years). There were 245 (27%) all-cause deaths including 114 (13%) CV deaths during the follow-up period. MACE occurred in 442 (50%) subjects, but coronary artery interventions (percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting) were performed in 578 subjects (65%). A Cox proportional regression analysis confirmed the relationship between PP dipping as well as PP dipping thresholds points and risk of MACE and total mortality only in the group of the oldest subjects. In contrast to younger CAD patients, PP dipping is related to MACE, CV and total mortality in very elderly CAD subjects. Nocturnal PP values tend to be higher than diurnal PP values in the oldest CAD individuals. In conclusion, in contrast to younger CAD patients, PP dipping is related to MACE, CV and total mortality in very elderly CAD subjects. Nocturnal PP values tend to be higher than diurnal PP values in the oldest CAD individuals.
Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
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Sobiczewski
Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
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http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2357-3621
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Wirtwein
Department of Radiology, Hospital of Malbork, Malbork, Poland.
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D
Jarosz
Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chojnice, Chojnice, Poland.
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E
Trybala
Department of Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
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L
Bieniaszewski
Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
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M
Gruchala
D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000379:methods*; D002423:Cause of Death / Q000639:trends; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D013997:Time Factors