Dawn of antioxidants and immune modulators to stop HIV-progression and boost the immune system in HIV/AIDS patients: An updated comprehensive and critical review.
In the last two decades, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the retrovirus responsible for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, worldwide. Providing the optimum management of HIV/AIDS is a major challenge in the 21st century. Since, HIV-infected persons have an extended lifespan due to the development of effective antiretroviral therapies, malnutrition is becoming central factors of long-term survivors. The nutrition status of AIDS patients has a significant influence on the maintenance and optimal effectiveness of the immune system. Micronutrient therapy in combination with allopathic treatments can extend and improve the quality and quantity of life in individuals infected with HIV/AIDS. HIV infection is thought to lead to augmented oxidative stress which may in turn lead to faster development of HIV disease. Hence, antioxidants might have a significant role in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. An additional approach to treating HIV infection is fortifying the immune response of infected people. Immune modulators help to activate and boost the normal immune function. The present review first describes the boon of antioxidants (especially Vitamin A) and immune modulators (cytolin, resveratrol, murabutide, setarud, tucaresol, AVR118, Immunitin (HE2000), reticulose, and interleukin-7) in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. Then, providing a comparatively succinct outline on updated patents study on antioxidants and immune modulators to treat HIV/AIDS will be discussed.
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India. Electronic address: gurindersingh181@gmail.com.
Gurinder
G
Singh
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India. Electronic address: roopaspai@yahoo.com.
Roopa S
RS
Pai
D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018450:Disease Progression; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*
D000975:Antioxidants; D007155:Immunologic Factors
HIV/AIDS; Murabutide; Resveratrol; Setarud; Tucaresol