Anterior apical cores in the initial prostate biopsy does not increase detection of significant prostate cancer.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the effect of routine sampling anterior apical cores in the initial prostate biopsy among patients that 14-cores of prostate biopsy (PB) planned.


METHODS
Five-hundred twenty-eight patients with increased prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and/or abnormal digital rectal examination underwent transrectal ultrasound and initial PB between November 2012 and October 2013. We performed routine 12-cores extended PB, plus 2 anterior apex samples that were taken from the junction of urethra and apex of the prostate. Site-specific and unique cancer detection rate, tumor characteristics, the presence of clinically insignificant prostate cancer (PCa) (clinical stage ≤ T1, serum PSA level of < 10 ng/mL, biopsy Gleason score ≤ 6, number of positive biopsy cores ≤ 3 and no core with > 50% involvement) and biopsy-related pain were evaluated.


RESULTS
PCa was detected in 147 of 451 patients (32.6%). The lateral base of the prostate was the most affected area with 128 of 451 patients (28.3%), followed by unique cancer detection, with 17 of 40 patients (43.5%). Anterior apex (n = 6) was in third place after the lateral apex (n = 8). The patients diagnosed by anterior apex cores were all clinically insignificant PCa. The cancer diagnosis rate would be 31% if 12-cores biopsy was used, but the rate was found to be 32.6% in 14-cores biopsy (P = .016). Average biopsy pain, right anterior apex biopsy pain, and left anterior apex biopsy pain were found to register at 0.61, 1.06 and 1.08 points in the visual analog scale pain score, respectively. When right and left anterior apex biopsy pain is compared to average biopsy pain, the pain level was found to be statistically significantly higher in the biopsies of right and left anterior apex (P = .040 and P = .042, respectively).


CONCLUSIONS
The gold standard for the diagnosis of PCa is at least 8 cores PB. According to our results, although most PCa diagnosis is carried out with 14-cores PB, it should not be forgotten that these patients might have clinically insignificant PCa.
Tepecik Teaching and Research Hospital, Urology. gokhanekin@gmail.com.
Rahmi Gokhan
RG
Ekin
Departments of Urology, Tepecik Teaching and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
Ferruh
F
Zorlu
Departments of Urology, Tepecik Teaching and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
Ilker
I
Akarken
Departments Pathology, Tepecik Teaching and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
Zubeyde
Z
Yildirim
Departments of Urology, Tepecik Teaching and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
Huseyin
H
Tarhan
Departments of Urology, Tepecik Teaching and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
Gokhan
G
Koc
Departments Pathology, Tepecik Teaching and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
Ulku
U
Kucuk
Departments Pathology, Tepecik Teaching and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
Umit
U
Bayol
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D062005:Biopsy, Large-Core Needle / Q000379:methods*; D051517:Digital Rectal Examination; D019160:Endosonography; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012007:Rectum; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies
D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen