Juvenile idiopathic arthritis and physical activity: possible inflammatory and immune modulation and tracks for interventions in young populations.
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by persistent joint inflammation that manifests as joint pain and swelling and limited range of joint motion. In healthy subjects, the literature reports that physical activity has an anti-inflammatory effect. In JIA patients, exercise could be used as a therapeutic tool to counteract disease-related inflammation and thereby improve clinical symptoms, although transient flare of pain could be the price to pay. Indeed, in patients with a chronic inflammatory disease, physical activity is prone to exacerbate underlying inflammatory stress. Physical activity improves quality of life and symptoms in JIA patients, but the mechanisms of action remain unclear. This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying exercise-induced immune and hormonal changes. Data on the impact of acute and chronic physical activities on the secretion of hormones and other molecules such as miRNA or peptides involved in the inflammatory process in JIA was compiled and summarized, and the key role of the biological effect of muscle-derived interleukin 6 in the exercise-induced modulation of pro/anti-inflammatory balance is addressed. We also go on to review the effect of training and type of exercise on cytokine response. This review highlights the beneficial effect of physical exercise in children with JIA and potential effect of exercise on the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory response.
CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Pédiatrie, Hôpital Estaing, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France; INSERM, CIC 1405, Unité CRECHE, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques en conditions Physiologiques et Physiopathologiques (AME2P), EA 3533, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France. Electronic address: e_rochette@chu-clermontferrand.fr.
Emmanuelle
E
Rochette
Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques en conditions Physiologiques et Physiopathologiques (AME2P), EA 3533, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Pascale
P
Duché
CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Pédiatrie, Hôpital Estaing, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France; INSERM, CIC 1405, Unité CRECHE, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Etienne
E
Merlin
D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D002465:Cell Movement; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics; D011788:Quality of Life
D016207:Cytokines; D035683:MicroRNAs
Calprotectin; Interleukin; Juvenile idiopathic arthritis; Physical exercise; Pro-anti-inflammatory balance; miRNA