Health effects of adopting low greenhouse gas emission diets in the UK.
OBJECTIVE
Dietary changes which improve health are also likely to be beneficial for the environment by reducing emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). However, previous analyses have not accounted for the potential acceptability of low GHG diets to the general public. This study attempted to quantify the health effects associated with adopting low GHG emission diets in the UK.


METHODS
Epidemiological modelling study.


METHODS
UK.


METHODS
UK population.


METHODS
Adoption of diets optimised to achieve the WHO nutritional recommendations and reduce GHG emissions while remaining as close as possible to existing dietary patterns.


RESULTS
Changes in years of life lost due to coronary heart disease, stroke, several cancers and type II diabetes, quantified using life tables.


RESULTS
If the average UK dietary intake were optimised to comply with the WHO recommendations, we estimate an incidental reduction of 17% in GHG emissions. Such a dietary pattern would be broadly similar to the current UK average. Our model suggests that it would save almost 7 million years of life lost prematurely in the UK over the next 30 years and increase average life expectancy by over 8 months. Diets that result in additional GHG emission reductions could achieve further net health benefits. For emission reductions greater than 40%, improvements in some health outcomes may decrease and acceptability will diminish.


CONCLUSIONS
There are large potential benefits to health from adopting diets with lower associated GHG emissions in the UK. Most of these benefits can be achieved without drastic changes to existing dietary patterns. However, to reduce emissions by more than 40%, major dietary changes that limit both acceptability and the benefits to health are required.
Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
James
J
Milner
Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK Leverhulme Centre for Integrative Research on Agriculture and Health, London, UK.
Rosemary
R
Green
Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK Leverhulme Centre for Integrative Research on Agriculture and Health, London, UK.
Alan D
AD
Dangour
Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Andy
A
Haines
Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Zaid
Z
Chalabi
Basque Centre for Climate Change, Bilbao Bizkaia, Spain.
Joseph
J
Spadaro
Basque Centre for Climate Change, Bilbao Bizkaia, Spain.
Anil
A
Markandya
Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Paul
P
Wilkinson
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D058572:Carbon Footprint; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005740:Gases / Q000032:analysis; D017752:Greenhouse Effect / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D011634:Public Health; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology; D006113:United Kingdom
D005740:Gases
EPIDEMIOLOGY