Genetic Diversity and Drug Resistance Among Antiretroviral Treatment-Failed Individuals from 2010 to 2012 in Honghe, China.
The most common antiretroviral treatment (ART) received by individuals infected with HIV-1 in China is the combination therapy, comprised of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). To assess the prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance and subtypes in Honghe of Yunnan, China, patient plasmas from ART-failed individuals were collected from January 2010 to December 2012. Genotyping was conducted using an in-house assay on patient plasmas. A total of 254 pol sequences were obtained. The prevalence of drug resistance was 47.2% in ART-failed individuals. Of these drug-resistant individuals, 51.7% harbored HIV strains dually resistant to NRTIs and NNRTIs or protease inhibitors (PIs) (34.2% for NNRTIs and 14.2% for NRTIs). Mutations such as M184V, A62V, T69Ins, K103N, Y181C, and G190A were common among the ART-failed individuals. The frequencies of M184V, A62V, and K103N were 20.5%, 11.0%, and 23.6%, respectively. The most common subtypes in Honghe were CRF08_BC (68.50%) and CRF07_BC (12.20%). The subtypes were almost consistent in different time points for one individual. When receiving ART for 6-12 months, the frequency of HIV-1 drug-resistant variants ranked first. This study shows that the high prevalence of HIV drug resistance observed among the ART-failed individuals should be of increasing concern (monitoring of resistance mutations) in ART regions and facilitate developing novel strategies for prevention and control of HIV infection in China.
1 The Third Military Medical School , Chongqing, China .|2 Center for Infectious Diseases, CPLA Kunming General Hospital , Kunming, China .
Cuixian
C
Yang
3 Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Infectious Disease , Kunming, China .
Shaomin
S
Yang
3 Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Infectious Disease , Kunming, China .
Jianjian
J
Li
3 Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Infectious Disease , Kunming, China .
Bihui
B
Yang
3 Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Infectious Disease , Kunming, China .
Jiafa
J
Liu
3 Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Infectious Disease , Kunming, China .
Huiqin
H
Li
1 The Third Military Medical School , Chongqing, China .|2 Center for Infectious Diseases, CPLA Kunming General Hospital , Kunming, China .
Zhongqi
Z
Bian
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D010949:Plasma / Q000821:virology; D015995:Prevalence; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017211:Treatment Failure; D055815:Young Adult; D054302:pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D054302:pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus