Efficacy and safety of pulse immunosuppressive therapy with glucocorticoid and cyclophosphamide in patients with paraquat poisoning: A meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE
Paraquat (PQ) is widely used in developing countries. Accidental or suicidal PQ poisoning is a public health concern due to lack of effective treatment. Because the role of pulse immunosuppressive therapy with glucocorticoid and cyclophosphamide for PQ poisoning is uncertain, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy and safety of the therapy.


METHODS
A systematic literature search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and other clinical studies was performed in Pub Med, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature and Retrieval System, and Chinese Medical Current Contents. We estimated pooled relative risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a fixed effect model or random effect model. Outcomes included mortality, incidence of acute renal failure (ARF) and hypoxia, and leucopenia.


RESULTS
Five studies (three RCTs) involving 332 PQ poisoning patients met the criteria. The mortality of moderate to fulminant poisoning patients receiving the pulse therapy was lower than that of the controls (60.4% vs. 85.3%; RR 0.71, 95% CI: 0.59, 0.86, P=0.0004). The therapy also reduced the mortality of patients with moderate to severe PQ poisoning (45.1% vs. 79.1%, RR 0.45; 95% CI: 0.28, 0.75, P=0.002). However, the therapy did not decrease the incidence of ARF and hypoxia. In addition, the pulse therapy caused more leucopenia than the controls (36.9% vs. 2.6%; RR: 9.12; 95% CI: 3.65, 22.81, P<0.00001).


CONCLUSIONS
Pulse immunosuppressive therapy with glucocorticoid and cyclophosphamide may reduce the mortality of PQ poisoning patients, although the therapy may cause leucopenia.
Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China.
Fei
F
He
Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China.
Peng
P
Xu
Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China.
Jun
J
Zhang
Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China.
Qiuling
Q
Zhang
Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China.
Shuangshuang
S
Gu
Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China.
Yao
Y
Liu
Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China. Electronic address: wangjun691119@163.com.
Jun
J
Wang
D000818:Animals; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010269:Paraquat; D011041:Poisoning / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D010269:Paraquat
Cyclophosphamide; Glucocorticoid; Immunosuppressive therapy; Meta analysis; Paraquat poisoning