Influence of residential environment and lifestyle on multiple primary malignancies in Taiwan.
BACKGROUND
Multiple primary malignancies (MPM) have become increasingly prevalent worldwide. This investigation was aimed at establishing the clinicopathological characteristics of MPM patients and evaluating the impact of the living environment on MPM in the Taiwanese population.


METHODS
From January 2009 to December 2013, a total of 8,268 cancer patients were identified in our institutional center. Of these, 125 were diagnosed as MPM and thus enrolled. Data for clinicopathological features and treatment approaches for these MPM patients living in urban or suburb zone were obtained. Findings for the air pollution status in Taiwan were also collected.


RESULTS
The most common cancer match of MPM was esophageal cancer with hypopharyngeal cancer (12.8%), followed by colorectal cancer with gastric cancer (6.4%) and colorectal cancer with breast cancer (5.6%). The air quality was significantly worse in the urban than in the suburban zone and there was a remarkably higher portion of MPM patients in the urban zone suffering from grade III and IV post-chemotherapeutic neutropenia (30.8% vs 15.1%, P=0.036).


CONCLUSIONS
The tumor frequency and site distribution should be taken into the clinical evaluation because there is a relatively high risk of developing MPM. This study also highlighted the potential influence of environmental factors on post-chemotherapeutic neutropenia for patients with MPM.
Department of Clinical Pathology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan E-mail : klatskin@mail.femh.org.tw.
Chih-Chun
CC
Chang
Yi-Hua
YH
Chung
Ching-Biau
CB
Liou
Yi-Chen
YC
Lee
Wei-Ling
WL
Weng
Yun-Chieh
YC
Yu
Tzung-Hai
TH
Yen
Jiann-Ming
JM
Wu
D000397:Air Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007012:Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D013383:Suburban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents