Healthy eating index and metabolically healthy obesity in U.S. adolescents and adults.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether dietary quality differs between metabolically-healthy-obese (MHO) and metabolically-abnormal-obesity (MAO) in a nationally representative sample.


METHODS
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data (2007-2008; 2009-2010) were used to identify obese adolescents (≥95th body mass index (BMI) %tile) and adults (≥30kg/m(2)). MHO was defined as <2 abnormal cardiometabolic risk factors (elevated blood pressure, triglycerides, glucose, low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C); or on medications). Healthy Eating Index 2005 (HEI-2005) scores were calculated from 24-hour recall data. General linear regression models determined whether HEI-2005 scores differed between MHO and MAO after controlling for age, race, gender, NHANES wave, BMI, physical activity and health status by age group (12-18; 19-44; 45-85years).


RESULTS
Compared with MAO, MHO adolescents (n=133) had higher total HEI-2005 score, higher milk scores, and higher scores from calories from solid fats, alcohol beverages and added sugars. MHO women 19-44years (n=240) had higher total HEI-2005, higher whole fruit, higher whole grain and higher meat and bean scores compared with MAO. No significant differences were observed between MHO and MAO for HEI-2005 total scores in men 19-44years, or adults 45-85years.


CONCLUSIONS
MHO adolescents and women 19-44years have better dietary compliance to the U.S. guidelines when compared with MAO, suggesting potential intervention targets to improve cardiometabolic risk within obesity.
Exercise and Health Sciences Department, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: sarah.camhi@umb.edu.
Sarah M
SM
Camhi
Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Brown Medical School/Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.
E
E
Whitney Evans
Office of the Vice-Provost for Research, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA.
Laura L
LL
Hayman
JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
Alice H
AH
Lichtenstein
Department of Public Health Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
Aviva
A
Must
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys / Q000379:methods; D009765:Obesity; D000067329:Obesity, Metabolically Benign; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
Diet; HEI-2005; Metabolically healthy obese (MHO); Obesity