The biology and treatment of oligometastatic cancer.
Clinical reports of limited and treatable cancer metastases, a disease state that exists in a transitional zone between localized and widespread systemic disease, were noted on occasion historically and are now termed oligometastasis. The ramification of a diagnosis of oligometastasis is a change in treatment paradigm, i.e. if the primary cancer site (if still present) is controlled, or resected, and the metastatic sites are ablated (surgically or with radiation), a prolonged disease-free interval, and perhaps even cure, may be achieved. Contemporary molecular diagnostics are edging closer to being able to determine where an individual metastatic deposit is within the continuum of malignancy. Preclinical models are on the outset of laying the groundwork for understanding the oligometastatic state. Meanwhile, in the clinic, patients are increasingly being designated as having oligometastatic disease and being treated owing to improved diagnostic imaging, novel treatment options with the potential to provide either direct or bridging therapy, and progressively broad definitions of oligometastasis.
Departments of Urology and Brady Urological Institute and Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
Diane K
DK
Reyes
Departments of Urology and Brady Urological Institute and Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.|Departments of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
Kenneth J
KJ
Pienta
D000818:Animals; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003452:Cryosurgery; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D015182:Lymphatic Irradiation; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008545:Melanoma / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D051379:Mice; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics; D008954:Models, Biological; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D009928:Organ Specificity; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D016634:Radiosurgery; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D047368:Tumor Burden; D019139:Tumor Escape; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment
D035683:MicroRNAs; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm
diaspora; metastasis; spectrum theory; therapy; tumor