A porcine model: surgical anatomy of the orbit for maxillofacial surgery.
Due to its similarity to humans, the pig has proven to be a suitable biomodel for both research purposes and for training medical professionals, particularly in surgical specializations. For example, new implant materials have been tested on pig jaws and pigs have also been used in the development of new surgical techniques. For optimizing the effectiveness of such research or training, detailed data on the anatomy of their particular features are needed. At present, however, only limited information related to surgical and imaging anatomy of the facial and orbital areas of the pig and its comparison to human structures from the experimental surgery point of view is available in the literature. The aim of this study was to obtain such data and to compare the morphological structures of the porcine and human orbital regions and to lay down the foundation for practical use in experimental surgery. Ten pig heads were examined using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and, subsequently, a dissection of the orbit was carried out. Attention was focused on the structure of the orbit (floor, rim and nerves) frequently affected by pathological processes in humans (such as trauma, infection or tumours) and which consequently are frequently the subject of maxillofacial surgery. The porcine orbit is suitable for use in experimental medicine. However, if used in experiments, its anatomical peculiarities must be taken into consideration. Our study presents a foundation of basic knowledge for researchers who plan to use the pig as a biomedical model to investigate alternative treatments in the head region.
Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Companion Care Animal Surgery, Broadstairs, Kent, UK.
Michal
M
Kyllar
Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, V.v.i., Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital, Ostrava, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic stembirek@iach.cz.
Jan
J
Štembírek
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
Zdenek
Z
Danek
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital, Ostrava, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
Radek
R
Hodan
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital, Ostrava, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
Jiří
J
Stránský
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
Vladimír
V
Machoň
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
René
R
Foltán
D000818:Animals; D002102:Cadaver; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009915:Orbit / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D013515:Surgery, Oral; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
animal biomodel; orbit; orbital surgery; pig