Diagnosis and treatment of bacteremia and endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus. A clinical guideline from the Spanish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (SEIMC).
Both bacteremia and infective endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus are common and severe diseases. The prognosis may darken not infrequently, especially in the presence of intracardiac devices or methicillin-resistance. Indeed, the optimization of the antimicrobial therapy is a key step in the outcome of these infections. The high rates of treatment failure and the increasing interest in the influence of vancomycin susceptibility in the outcome of infections caused by both methicillin-susceptible and -resistant isolates has led to the research of novel therapeutic schemes. Specifically, the interest raised in recent years on the new antimicrobials with activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococci has been also extended to infections caused by susceptible strains, which still carry the most important burden of infection. Recent clinical and experimental research has focused in the activity of new combinations of antimicrobials, their indication and role still being debatable. Also, the impact of an appropriate empirical antimicrobial treatment has acquired relevance in recent years. Finally, it is noteworthy the impact of the implementation of a systematic bundle of measures for improving the outcome. The aim of this clinical guideline is to provide an ensemble of recommendations in order to improve the treatment and prognosis of bacteremia and infective endocarditis caused by S. aureus, in accordance to the latest evidence published.
Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, IDIBELL, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain.
Francesc
F
Gudiol
Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: jaguadog1@gmail.com.
José María
JM
Aguado
Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Valle de Hebrón, Barcelona, Spain.
Benito
B
Almirante
Servicio de Microbiología y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
Emilio
E
Bouza
Servicio de Microbiología y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
Emilia
E
Cercenado
Servicio de Microbiología, IDIBELL, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Departamento de patologia y terapeutica experimental, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain.
M Ángeles
MÁ
Domínguez
Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain.
Oriol
O
Gasch
Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
Jaime
J
Lora-Tamayo
Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Clinic - IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
José M
JM
Miró
Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain.
Mercedes
M
Palomar
Unidad Clínica Intercentros de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospitales Universitarios Virgen Macarena y Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain.
Alvaro
A
Pascual
Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Clinic - IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Juan M
JM
Pericas
Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, IDIBELL, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain.
Miquel
M
Pujol
Unidad Clínica Intercentros de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospitales Universitarios Virgen Macarena y Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain.
Jesús
J
Rodríguez-Baño
Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, IDIBELL, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain.
Evelyn
E
Shaw
Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Clinic IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.
Alex
A
Soriano
Servicio de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain.
Jordi
J
Vallés
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D019468:Disease Management; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011159:Population Surveillance; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D059039:Standard of Care; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
Bacteremia; Bacteriemia; Clinical guidelines; Documento de consenso; Endocarditis infecciosa; Infective endocarditis; Methicillin-resistant; Methicillin-susceptible; Resistente a meticilina; Sensible a meticilina; Staphylococcus aureus