Anti-sessile bacterial and cytocompatibility properties of CHX-loaded nanohydroxyapatite.
Nanohydroxyapatite possesses exceptional biocompatibility and bioactivity regarding bone cells and tissues, justifying its use as a coating material or as a bone substitute. Unfortunately, this feature may also encourage bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. Surface functionalization with antimicrobials is a promising strategy to reduce the likelihood of bacterial infestation and colonization on medical devices. Chlorhexidine digluconate is a common and effective antimicrobial agent used for a wide range of medical applications. The purpose of this work was the development of a nanoHA biomaterial loaded with CHX to prevent surface bacterial accumulation and, simultaneously, with good cytocompatibility, for application in the medical field. CHX (5-1500 mg/L) was loaded onto nanoHA discs and the materials were evaluated for CHX adsorption and release profile, physic-chemical features, antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, and cytocompatibility toward L929 fibroblasts. Results showed that the adsorption of CHX on nanoHA surface occurred by electrostatic interactions between the cationic group of CHX and the phosphate group of nanoHA. The release of CHX from CHX-loaded nanoHA showed a fast initial rate followed by a slower kinetics release, due to constraints caused by dilution and diffusion-limiting processes. NanoHA.50 to nanoHA.1500 showed strong anti-sessile activity, inhibiting bacterial adhesion and the biofilm formation. CHX-nanoHA caused a dose- and time-dependent inhibitory effect on the proliferation of fibroblasts for nanoHA.100 to nanoHA.1500. Cellular behavior on nanoHA.5 and nanoHA.50 was similar to control. Therefore, CHX-loaded nanoHA surfaces appear as a promising alternative to prevention of devices-related infections.
I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Portugal; FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: joanabarros@fe.up.pt.
J
J
Barros
I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Portugal; FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
L
L
Grenho
FMDUP - Faculdade de Medicina Dentária-Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
M H
MH
Fernandes
LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Portugal; ULP - Universidade Lusófona do Porto, Portugal.
C M
CM
Manuel
LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Portugal.
L F
LF
Melo
LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Portugal.
O C
OC
Nunes
I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Portugal; FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
F J
FJ
Monteiro
CEBIMED - Centro de Estudos em Biomedicina, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Portugal.
M P
MP
Ferraz
D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017886:Durapatite; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D002710:Chlorhexidine
Anti-sessile; Chlorhexidine digluconate; Cytocompatibility; Nanohydroxyapatite