[Life style and occupational factors and prevention of second primary cancers after childhood and adolescent cancer: Current state of knowledge].
BACKGROUND
Survival of children, adolescents and young adults treated for cancer increased with improved treatments. But there is still an increased risk of second primary cancer (SPC) in the long term compared to the population of the same age, especially related to treatments. A reflection on the follow-up of this population and the prevention of SPC is an important issue.


OBJECTIVE
To perform a synthesis of the available literature on SCP risk factors, related risk behaviors, occupational exposures and prevention strategies.


METHODS
Literature search on PubMed from the following equation: "cancer [Tiab] AND young adult [Tiab] or teen [Tiab] or childhood [Tiab] AND prevention [Tiab] AND survivors [Mesh term]".


RESULTS
Twenty-seven articles were included in this synthesis. Children, adolescents and young adults have similar risk behaviors than those of their peers regarding tobacco, diet and sun exposure; however, they have lower physical activity. There are few studies on prevention strategies focused on this population. Results of available studies remain inconclusive. No publication was found in relation to occupational exposure and risk of second cancer.


CONCLUSIONS
Children, adolescents and young adults treated for cancer are a population at risk and require long-term follow-up and the implementation of effective prevention strategies tailored to this population.
Centre Léon-Bérard, unité cancer et environnement, 28, rue Laënnec, 69008 Lyon, France.
Sarah
S
Duval
Centre Léon-Bérard, unité cancer et environnement, 28, rue Laënnec, 69008 Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, université Claude-Bernard Lyon I, laboratoire « Santé, Individu, Société », EAM 4128, faculté de médecine Laënnec, 7-11, rue Guillaume-Paradin-Bât B, 69372 Lyon cedex 08, France. Electronic address: julien.carretier@lyon.unicancer.fr.
Julien
J
Carretier
Centre Léon-Bérard, département de médecine, 28, rue Laënnec, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France.
Helen
H
Boyle
Centre Léon-Bérard, unité cancer et environnement, 28, rue Laënnec, 69008 Lyon, France.
Thierry
T
Philip
Centre hospitalier universitaire de Saint-Etienne, service d'hématologie oncologie pédiatrique, 42055 Saint-Etienne cedex 2, France.
Claire
C
Berger
Institut d'hématologie et d'oncologie pédiatrique, centre Léon-Bérard, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France.
Perrine
P
Marec-Bérard
Centre Léon-Bérard, unité cancer et environnement, 28, rue Laënnec, 69008 Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, université Claude-Bernard Lyon I, laboratoire « Santé, Individu, Société », EAM 4128, faculté de médecine Laënnec, 7-11, rue Guillaume-Paradin-Bât B, 69372 Lyon cedex 08, France.
Béatrice
B
Fervers
D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D009043:Motor Activity; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D013472:Sunlight / Q000009:adverse effects; D017741:Survivors; D055815:Young Adult
Adolescent; Adolescents; Facteurs de risque; Prevention; Prévention; Risk factors; Second cancer; Second malignancy