Benefits of using culturally unfamiliar stimuli in ambiguous emotion identification: A cross-cultural study.
A novel emotion recognition task that employs photos of a Japanese mask representing a highly ambiguous stimulus was evaluated. As non-Asians perceive and/or label emotions differently from Asians, we aimed to identify patterns of task-performance in non-Asian healthy volunteers with a view to future patient studies. The Noh mask test was presented to 42 adult German participants. Reaction times and emotion attribution patterns were recorded. To control for emotion identification abilities, a standard emotion recognition task was used among others. Questionnaires assessed personality traits. Finally, results were compared to age- and gender-matched Japanese volunteers. Compared to other tasks, German participants displayed slowest reaction times on the Noh mask test, indicating higher demands of ambiguous emotion recognition. They assigned more positive emotions to the mask than Japanese volunteers, demonstrating culture-dependent emotion identification patterns. As alexithymic and anxious traits were associated with slower reaction times, personality dimensions impacted on performance, as well. We showed an advantage of ambiguous over conventional emotion recognition tasks. Moreover, we determined emotion identification patterns in Western individuals impacted by personality dimensions, suggesting performance differences in clinical samples. Due to its properties, the Noh mask test represents a promising tool in the differential diagnosis of psychiatric disorders, e.g. schizophrenia.
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Muenster University, Medical School, Muenster, Germany. Electronic address: koelkebeck@uni-muenster.de.
Katja
K
Koelkebeck
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Muenster University, Medical School, Muenster, Germany.
Waldemar
W
Kohl
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Muenster University, Medical School, Muenster, Germany.
Julia
J
Luettgenau
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Muenster University, Medical School, Muenster, Germany.
Susanna
S
Triantafillou
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Muenster University, Medical School, Muenster, Germany.
Patricia
P
Ohrmann
Institute of Social Psychiatry, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
Shinji
S
Satoh
Department of Psychology, Kawamura Gakuen Women׳s University, Faculty of Liberal Arts, Abiko, Chiba, Japan.
Seiko
S
Minoshita
D000328:Adult; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003469:Culture; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004644:Emotions; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D021641:Recognition, Psychology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis; D055815:Young Adult
Culture; Emotions; Facial expressions; Neuropsychological tests; Schizophrenia