Growth control mechanisms in neuronal regeneration.
Neurons grow during development and extend long axons to make contact with their targets with the help of an intrinsic program of axonal growth as well as a range of extrinsic cues and a permissive milieu. Injury events in adulthood induce some neuron types to revert to a regenerative state in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Neurons from the central nervous system (CNS), however, reveal a much lower capacity for regenerative growth. A number of intrinsic regeneration-promoting mechanisms have been described, including priming by calcium waves, epigenetic modifications, local mRNA translation, and dynein-driven retrograde transport of transcription factors (TFs) or signaling complexes that lead to TF activation and nuclear translocation. Differences in the availability or recruitment of these mechanisms may partially explain the limited response of CNS neurons to injury.
Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel.
Ella
E
Doron-Mandel
Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel.
Mike
M
Fainzilber
Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel. Electronic address: marco.terenzio@weizmann.ac.il.
Marco
M
Terenzio
D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D006801:Humans; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D012038:Regeneration; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D012333:RNA, Messenger; D002118:Calcium
Axonal mRNA translation; Axonal transport; Central nervous system; Nerve injury; Peripheral nervous system; Regeneration