Evolutionary models of in-group favoritism.
In-group favoritism is the tendency for individuals to cooperate with in-group members more strongly than with out-group members. Similar concepts have been described across different domains, including in-group bias, tag-based cooperation, parochial altruism, and ethnocentrism. Both humans and other animals show this behavior. Here, we review evolutionary mechanisms for explaining this phenomenon by covering recently developed mathematical models. In fact, in-group favoritism is not easily realized on its own in theory, although it can evolve under some conditions. We also discuss the implications of these modeling results in future empirical and theoretical research.
Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol Merchant Venturers Building, Woodland Road, Clifton, Bristol BS8 1UB UK.
Naoki
N
Masuda
Theoretical Biology Group, Institute of Integrative Biology ETH Zurich, 80092 Zurich Switzerland.
Feng
F
Fu