The influence of flooring on environmental stressors: a study of three flooring materials in a hospital.
OBJECTIVE
Three flooring materials, terrazzo, rubber, and carpet tile, in patient unit corridors were compared for absorption of sound, comfort, light reflectance, employee perceptions and preferences, and patient satisfaction.


BACKGROUND
Environmental stressors, such as noise and ergonomic factors, effect healthcare workers and patients, contributing to increased fatigue, anxiety and stress, decreased productivity, and patient safety and satisfaction.


METHODS
A longitudinal comparative cohort study comparing three types of flooring assessed sound levels, healthcare worker responses, and patient Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) ratings over 42 weeks. A linear mixed model analysis was conducted to determine significant differences between the means for participant responses and objective sound meter data during all three phases of the study.


RESULTS
A significant difference was found for sound levels between flooring type for equivalent continuous sound levels. Carpet tile performed better for sound attenuation by absorption, reducing sound levels 3.14 dBA. Preferences for flooring materials changed over the course of the study. The HCAHPS ratings aligned with the sound meter data showing that patients perceived the noise levels to be lower with carpet tiles, improving patient satisfaction ratings.


CONCLUSIONS
Perceptions for healthcare staff and patients were aligned with the sound meter data. Carpet tile provides sound absorption that affects sound levels and influences occupant's perceptions of environmental factors that contribute to the quality of the indoor environment. Flooring that provides comfort underfoot, easy cleanability, and sound absorption influence healthcare worker job satisfaction and patient satisfaction with their patient experience.
RAD Consultants, Austin, TX, USA debra@rad-consultants.com.
Debra D
DD
Harris
D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D004780:Environment, Controlled; D006804:Ergonomics; D005260:Female; D005430:Floors and Floorcoverings / Q000379:methods*; D006272:Health Facility Environment; D006749:Hospital Design and Construction / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009622:Noise; D000073397:Occupational Stress / Q000523:psychology; D061214:Patient Safety; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010564:Personnel, Hospital / Q000523:psychology
acoustics; allied health professional; anxiety; carpet tile; comfort; doctor; efficiency; environmental stressors; ergonomics; evidence-based design; fatigue; finish materials; flooring; healthcare; healthcare worker; hospital; injury; noise; nurse; preferences; productivity; roll-ability; rolling; rubber; satisfaction; sound; staff; stress; terrazzo