Oncological and functional outcomes of salvage renal surgery following failed primary intervention for renal cell carcinoma.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the oncologic and functional outcomes of salvage renal surgery following failed primary intervention for RCC.


METHODS
We performed a retrospective review of patients who underwent surgery for suspected RCC during 2004-2012. We identified 839 patients, 13 of whom required salvage renal surgery. Demographic data was collected for all patients. Intraoperative and postoperative data included ischemic duration, blood loss and perioperative complications. Preoperative and postoperative assessments included abdominal CT or magnetic resonance imaging, chest CT and routine laboratory work. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated according to the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation.


RESULTS
The majority (85%) of the patients were male, with an average age of 64 years. Ten patients underwent salvage partial nephrectomy while 3 underwent salvage radical nephrectomy. Cryotherapy was the predominant primary failed treatment modality, with 31% of patients undergoing primary open surgery. Pre-operatively, three patients were projected to require permanent post-operative dialysis. In the remaining 10 patients, mean pre- and postoperative serum creatinine and eGFR levels were 1.35 mg/dL and 53.8 mL/min/1.73 m2 compared to 1.43 mg/dL and 46.6 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. Mean warm ischemia time in 10 patients was 17.4 min and for all patients, the mean blood loss was 647 mL. The predominant pathological stage was pT1a (8/13; 62%). Negative surgical margins were achieved in all cases. The mean follow-up was 32.9 months (3.5-88 months).


CONCLUSIONS
While salvage renal surgery can be challenging, it is feasible and has adequate surgical, functional and oncological outcomes.
H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
Fernando G
FG
Abarzua-Cabezas
H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
Einar
E
Sverrisson
H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
Robert
R
De La Cruz
H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
Philippe E
PE
Spiess
H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
Peter
P
Haddock
H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
Wade J
WJ
Sexton
D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods; D059035:Perioperative Period; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016879:Salvage Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D052096:Warm Ischemia
D003404:Creatinine