Celastrol inhibits inflammatory stimuli-induced neutrophil extracellular trap formation.
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are web-like structures released by activated neutrophils. Recent studies suggest that NETs play an active role in driving autoimmunity and tissue injury in diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The purpose of this study was to investigate if celastrol, a triterpenoid compound, can inhibit NET formation induced by inflammatory stimuli associated with RA and SLE. We found that celastrol can completely inhibit neutrophil oxidative burst and NET formation induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) with an IC50 of 0.34 µM and by ovalbumin:anti-ovalbumin immune complexes (Ova IC) with an IC50 of 1.53 µM. Celastrol also completely inhibited neutrophil oxidative burst and NET formation induced by immunoglobulin G (IgG) purified from RA and SLE patient sera. Further investigating into the mechanisms, we found that celastrol treatment downregulated the activation of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and the concomitant phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK/MEK), extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and NFκB inhibitor alpha (IκBα), as well as citrullination of histones. Our data reveals that celastrol potently inhibits neutrophil oxidative burst and NET formation induced by different inflammatory stimuli, possibly through downregulating the SYK-MEK-ERK-NFκB signaling cascade. These results suggest that celastrol may have therapeutic potentials for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases involving neutrophils and NETs.
Y
Y
Yu
C D
CD
Koehn
Y
Y
Yue
S
S
Li
G M
GM
Thiele
M P
MP
Hearth-Holmes
T R
TR
Mikuls
J R
JR
O'Dell
L W
LW
Klassen
Z
Z
Zhang
Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, LTC 11724, 987660 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198- 7660, USA. ksu@unmc.edu.
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Su
D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D065206:Extracellular Traps / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology; D053978:Pentacyclic Triterpenes; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D000072377:Syk Kinase; D029757:Tripterygium / Q000378:metabolism; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology
D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C000606204:NFKBIA protein, human; D053978:Pentacyclic Triterpenes; D014315:Triterpenes; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D010047:Ovalbumin; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C000606896:SYK protein, human; D000072377:Syk Kinase; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases; C050414:celastrol