Antibody arrays in biomarker discovery.
All of life is regulated by complex and organized chemical reactions that help dictate when to grow, to move, to reproduce, and to die. When these processes go awry, or are interrupted by pathological agents, diseases such as cancer, autoimmunity, or infections can result. Cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, adipokines, and other chemical moieties make up a vast subset of these chemical reactions that are altered in disease states, and monitoring changes in these molecules could provide for the identification of disease biomarkers. From the first identification of carcinoembryonic antigen, to the discovery of prostate-specific antigen, to numerous others described within, biomarkers of disease are detectable in a plethora of sample types. The growing number of biomarkers for infection, autoimmunity, and cancer allow for increasingly early detection, to identification of novel drug targets, to prognostic indicators of disease outcome. However, more and more studies are finding that a single cytokine or growth factor is insufficient as a true disease biomarker and that a more global perspective is needed to understand true disease biology. Such a broad view requires a multiplexed platform for chemical detection, and antibody arrays meet and exceed this need by performing this detection in a high-throughput fashion. Herein, we will discuss how antibody arrays have evolved, and how they have helped direct new drug target design, helped identify therapeutic disease markers, and helped in earlier disease detection. From asthma to renal disease, and neurological dysfunction to immunologic disorders, antibody arrays afford a bright future for new biomarkers discovery.
RayBiotech, Inc., Norcross, Georgia, USA.
Jarad J
JJ
Wilson
RayBiotech, Inc., Norcross, Georgia, USA.
Rob
R
Burgess
RayBiotech, Inc., Norcross, Georgia, USA; RayBiotech, Inc., Guangzhou, China.
Ying-Qing
YQ
Mao
RayBiotech, Inc., Norcross, Georgia, USA; RayBiotech, Inc., Guangzhou, China.
Shuhong
S
Luo
RayBiotech, Inc., Norcross, Georgia, USA.
Hao
H
Tang
RayBiotech, Inc., Norcross, Georgia, USA.
Valerie Sloane
VS
Jones
RayBiotech, Inc., Norcross, Georgia, USA; RayBiotech, Inc., Guangzhou, China.
Bao
B
Weisheng
RayBiotech, Inc., Guangzhou, China.
Ren-Yu
RY
Huang
RayBiotech, Inc., Norcross, Georgia, USA.
Xuesong
X
Chen
RayBiotech, Inc., Norcross, Georgia, USA; RayBiotech, Inc., Guangzhou, China; South China Biochip Research Center, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: rhuang@raybiotech.com.
Ruo-Pan
RP
Huang
D000906:Antibodies; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D055808:Drug Discovery; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D040081:Protein Array Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology
D000906:Antibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D011506:Proteins
Antibody arrays; Antibody microarrays; Biomarker; Cytokine; Cytokine array; Drug target discovery; Immunoassay; Multiplexed ELISA; Protein arrays