The relationship between excess body weight and the risk of death from unnatural causes.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose is to exam whether excess body weight is associated with an increased risk of death from unnatural causes, particularly, injury.


METHODS
We analyzed nationally representative data of 14,453 adults (19 and older) who participated in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994, and were followed up with vital statuses through December 31, 2006. We used Cox proportional hazard regression to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of death from all unnatural causes combined and specific ones. Gray's test was performed to assess the equality of cumulative incidence functions between body mass index (BMI) levels.


RESULTS
A total of 128 unnatural deaths were recorded during an 18-year follow-up with 193,019 person-years accumulated. Compared with healthy weight participants, a person with excess body weight had a low hazard of death from unnatural causes [HR=1.00 (reference), 0.58 (0.39-0.87), and 0.50 (0.30-0.82) for healthy weight, overweight and obese participants, respectively]. Injuries, including motor vehicle accidents and falls, were the major types of unnatural deaths (n=91, 71% of all unnatural deaths), and the risk of death from injuries was linearly and reversely associated with BMI. The HRs of injury were 1.00 (reference), 0.57 (0.36-0.91), and 0.36 (0.19-0.69) for healthy weight, overweight and obese participants, respectively. All these estimates were obtained after adjustment of socio-demographic variables.


CONCLUSIONS
Excess body weight appears to be associated with a low risk of death from unnatural causes, particularly, injuries. Additional investigations on the mechanism underlying the relationship between BMI and unnatural deaths are warranted.
Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
Wei
W
Wang
Department of Epidemiology, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA.
Jane C
JC
Obi
Department of Epidemiology, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA.
Selam
S
Engida
Department of Epidemiology, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA.
Elizabeth R
ER
Carter
Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
Fei
F
Yan
Department of Epidemiology, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA. Electronic address: jianzhang@georgiasouthern.edu.
Jian
J
Zhang
D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000401:mortality*; D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000401:mortality*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012306:Risk; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000401:mortality*; D055815:Young Adult
BMI; Follow-up; Injury; NHANES; Obesity; Suicide; Unnatural causes