Sensory hair cell development and regeneration: similarities and differences.
Sensory hair cells are mechanoreceptors of the auditory and vestibular systems and are crucial for hearing and balance. In adult mammals, auditory hair cells are unable to regenerate, and damage to these cells results in permanent hearing loss. By contrast, hair cells in the chick cochlea and the zebrafish lateral line are able to regenerate, prompting studies into the signaling pathways, morphogen gradients and transcription factors that regulate hair cell development and regeneration in various species. Here, we review these findings and discuss how various signaling pathways and factors function to modulate sensory hair cell development and regeneration. By comparing and contrasting development and regeneration, we also highlight the utility and limitations of using defined developmental cues to drive mammalian hair cell regeneration.
Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Patrick J
PJ
Atkinson
Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Elvis
E
Huarcaya Najarro
Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Zahra N
ZN
Sayyid
Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA aglcheng@stanford.edu.
Alan G
AG
Cheng
D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000502:physiology; D002642:Chick Embryo; D007758:Ear, Inner / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology*; D054777:Hair Cells, Ampulla / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D053403:Lateral Line System / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology*; D008465:Mechanoreceptors / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D009024:Morphogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D013045:Species Specificity; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology
D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; C500943:Atoh1 protein, mouse
Atoh1; FGF; Notch; Shh; Wnt; p27Kip1, Cdkn1b