An empirical analysis of primary and secondary pharmaceutical patents in Chile.
We analyze the patent filing strategies of foreign pharmaceutical companies in Chile distinguishing between "primary" (active ingredient) and "secondary" patents (patents on modified compounds, formulations, dosages, particular medical uses, etc.). There is prior evidence that secondary patents are used by pharmaceutical originator companies in the U.S. and Europe to extend patent protection on drugs in length and breadth. Using a novel dataset that comprises all drugs registered in Chile between 1991 and 2010 as well as the corresponding patents and trademarks, we find evidence that foreign originator companies pursue similar strategies in Chile. We find a primary to secondary patents ratio of 1:4 at the drug-level, which is comparable to the available evidence for Europe; most secondary patents are filed over several years following the original primary patent and after the protected active ingredient has obtained market approval in Chile. This points toward effective patent term extensions through secondary patents. Secondary patents dominate "older" therapeutic classes like anti-ulcer and anti-depressants. In contrast, newer areas like anti-virals and anti-neoplastics (anti-cancer) have a much larger share of primary patents.
School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University, New York, United States of America.
María José
MJ
Abud
Department of Economics, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America; UNU-MERIT, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Bronwyn
B
Hall
Department of Economics, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, United States of America.
Christian
C
Helmers
D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002677:Chile; D004345:Drug Industry; D006801:Humans; D010330:Patents as Topic; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations
D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations