Sperm associated antigen 9(SPAG9) expression and humoral response in benign and malignant salivary gland tumors.
Salivary gland cancers are highly aggressive epithelial tumor associated with metastatic potential and high mortality. The tumors are biologically diverse and are of various histotypes. Besides, the detection and diagnosis is a major problem of salivary gland cancer for available treatment modalities. In the present study, we have investigated the association ofsperm associated antigen 9(SPAG9) expression with salivary gland tumor (SGT). Clinical specimens of benign (n= 16) and malignant tumors (n= 86) were examined for theSPAG9expression. In addition, the sera and adjacent non-cancerous tissues (n= 72) from available patients were obtained. Ourin situRNA hybridization and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis revealed significant difference (p= 0.0001) inSPAG9gene and protein expression in benign (63%) and malignant tumor (84%) specimens. Further, significant association was also observed betweenSPAG9expression and malignant tumors (P = 0.05). A cut-off value of >10% cells expressing SPAG9 protein designated as positive in IHC, predicted presence of malignant SGT with 83.72% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% PPV and 83.72% NPV. Humoral response against SPAG9 protein was generated in 68% of SGT patients. A cut-off value of 0.212 OD for anti-SPAG9 antibodies in ELISA predicted presence of malignant SGT with 69.23% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% PPV and 78.94% NPV. Collectively, our data suggests that the majority of SGT show significant difference and association among benign and malignant tumors forSPAG9gene and protein expression and also exhibit humoral response against SPAG9 protein. Hence,SPAG9may be developed as a biomarker for detection and diagnosis of salivary gland tumors.
Cancer Microarray; Genes and Proteins Laboratory; National Institute of Immunology; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg ; New Delhi, India.
Sumit
S
Agarwal
Cancer Microarray; Genes and Proteins Laboratory; National Institute of Immunology; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg ; New Delhi, India.
Deepak
D
Parashar
Cancer Microarray; Genes and Proteins Laboratory; National Institute of Immunology; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg ; New Delhi, India.
Namita
N
Gupta
Cancer Microarray; Genes and Proteins Laboratory; National Institute of Immunology; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg ; New Delhi, India.
Nirmala
N
Jagadish
Department of Otorhinolaryngology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences ; New Delhi, India.
Alok
A
Thakar
Department of Otorhinolaryngology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences ; New Delhi, India.
Vaishali
V
Suri
Institute of Rotary Cancer Hospital; All India Institute of Medical Sciences ; New Delhi, India.
Rajive
R
Kumar
NMC Imaging and Diagnostic Centre; Vidyasagar Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences ; New Delhi, India.
Anju
A
Gupta
Department of Zoology; Centre for Advanced Studies; University of Rajasthan ; Jaipur, India.
Abdul S
AS
Ansari
Department of Zoology; Centre for Advanced Studies; University of Rajasthan ; Jaipur, India.
Nirmal Kumar
NK
Lohiya
Cancer Microarray; Genes and Proteins Laboratory; National Institute of Immunology; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg ; New Delhi, India.
Anil
A
Suri
SPAG9; biomarker; cancer testis antigen; early detection and diagnosis; immunotherapeutic target