Ectopic expression of RNF168 and 53BP1 increases mutagenic but not physiological non-homologous end joining.
DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) formed during S phase are preferentially repaired by homologous recombination (HR), whereas G1 DSBs, such as those occurring during immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR), are repaired by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). The DNA damage response proteins 53BP1 and BRCA1 regulate the balance between NHEJ and HR. 53BP1 promotes CSR in part by mediating synapsis of distal DNA ends, and in addition, inhibits 5' end resection. BRCA1 antagonizes 53BP1 dependent DNA end-blocking activity during S phase, which would otherwise promote mutagenic NHEJ and genome instability. Recently, it was shown that supra-physiological levels of the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF168 results in the hyper-accumulation of 53BP1/BRCA1 which accelerates DSB repair. Here, we ask whether increased expression of RNF168 or 53BP1 impacts physiological versus mutagenic NHEJ. We find that the anti-resection activities of 53BP1 are rate-limiting for mutagenic NHEJ but not for physiological CSR. As heterogeneity in the expression of RNF168 and 53BP1 is found in human tumors, our results suggest that deregulation of the RNF168/53BP1 pathway could alter the chemosensitivity of BRCA1 deficient tumors.
Laboratory of Genome Integrity; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Dali
D
Zong
Laboratory of Genome Integrity; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Elsa
E
Callén
Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute; National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Gianluca
G
Pegoraro
The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Claudia
C
Lukas
The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Jiri
J
Lukas
Laboratory of Genome Integrity; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892, USA andre_nussenzweig@nih.gov.
André
A
Nussenzweig
D000818:Animals; D019313:BRCA1 Protein / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D059766:DNA End-Joining Repair; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D042822:Genomic Instability; D017578:Immunoglobulin Class Switching; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D016296:Mutagenesis; D000067856:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; D051716:Replication Protein A / Q000378:metabolism; D000071857:Tumor Suppressor p53-Binding Protein 1; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000378:metabolism*
D019313:BRCA1 Protein; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D000067856:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; D051716:Replication Protein A; C498302:Trp53bp1 protein, mouse; D000071857:Tumor Suppressor p53-Binding Protein 1; C535210:RNF168 protein, human; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases