The Phylogeography and Population Demography of the Yunnan Caecilian (Ichthyophis bannanicus): Massive Rivers as Barriers to Gene Flow.
Ichthyophis bannanicus is the only caecilian species in China. In this study, the phylogeography and population demography of I. bannanicus were explored, based on the mitochondrial DNA genes (cyt b and ND2) and 15 polymorphic microsatellite loci. Altogether 158 individuals were collected from five populations in Yunnan province, Guangxi province, Guangdong province, and Northern Vietnam. Phylogeographical and population structure analysis identified either two groups (Xishuangbanna, Northern Vietnam-Yulin-Yangchun-Deqing) or three groups (Xishuangbanna, Northern Vietnam-Yulin-Yangchun, and Deqing), indicating that the Red River and Pearl River systems may have acted as gene-flow barriers for I. bannanicus. Historical population expansion that happened 15-17 Ka ago was detected for mtDNA data and was possibly triggered by warmer weather after the Last Glacial Maximum. However, the Bayesian simulations of population history based on microsatellite data pinpointed population decline in all populations since 19,123 to 1,029 years ago, demonstrating a significant influence of anthropogenic habitat alteration on I. bannanicus.
Anhui Key Laboratory of Eco-engineering and Bio-technique, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
Hui
H
Wang
Anhui Key Laboratory of Eco-engineering and Bio-technique, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
Xia
X
Luo
College of Life Science & Technology, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, Guangxi, China.
Shaoquan
S
Meng
College of Life Science & Technology, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, Guangxi, China.
Yongjian
Y
Bei
Anhui Key Laboratory of Eco-engineering and Bio-technique, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
Tao
T
Song
Guangxi Forestry Inventory and Planning Institute, Nanning, 530011, Guangxi, China.
Tao
T
Meng
College of Life Science & Technology, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, Guangxi, China.
Guifen
G
Li
Anhui Key Laboratory of Eco-engineering and Bio-technique, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
Baowei
B
Zhang
D000663:Amphibians / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002681:China; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D017753:Ecosystem; D051456:Gene Flow; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D058974:Phylogeography; D045483:Rivers
D004247:DNA