HIV suppression by host restriction factors and viral immune evasion.
Antiviral restriction factors are an integral part of the host innate immune system that protects cells from viral pathogens, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Studies of the interactions between restriction factors and HIV have greatly advanced our understanding of both the viral life cycle and basic cell biology, as well as provided new opportunities for therapeutic intervention of viral infection. Here we review the recent developments towards establishing the structural and biochemical bases of HIV inhibition by, and viral countermeasures of, the restriction factors TRIM5, MxB, APOBEC3, SAMHD1, and BST2/tetherin.
Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
Xiaofei
X
Jia
Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
Qi
Q
Zhao
Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. Electronic address: yong.xiong@yale.edu.
Yong
Y
Xiong
D000818:Animals; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D006678:HIV / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D057131:Immune Evasion; D009154:Mutation; D048348:Reverse Transcription
D004279:DNA, Viral