Oral administration of fermented wild ginseng ameliorates DSS-induced acute colitis by inhibiting NF-κB signaling and protects intestinal epithelial barrier.
Ginseng has been widely used for therapeutic and preventive purposes for thousands of years. However, orally administered ginseng has very low bioavailability and absorption in the intestine. Therefore, fermented ginseng was developed to enhance the beneficial effects of ginseng in the intestine. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory activity of fermented wild ginseng (FWG). We found that FWG significantly alleviated the severity of colitis in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model, and decreased expression level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in colonic tissue. Moreover, we observed that FWG suppressed the infiltration of macrophages in DSS-induced colitis. FWG also attenuated the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) by reducing the translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus. Our data indicate that FWG contains anti-inflammatory activity via NF-κB inactivation and could be useful for treating colitis.
Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea.
Myeong A
MA
Seong
Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea.
Jong Kyu
JK
Woo
Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 410-769, Korea.
Ju-Hee
JH
Kang
Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea.
Yeong Su
YS
Jang
College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
Seungho
S
Choi
Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea.
Young Saeng
YS
Jang
Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea.
Taek Hwan
TH
Lee
Sempio Fermentation Research center, Osong 363-954, Korea.
Kyung Hoon
KH
Jung
Fermentation Research center, Osong 363-954, Korea.
Dong Kyu
DK
Kang
Sempio Fermentation Research center, Osong 363-954, Korea.
Byung Seok
BS
Hurh
Sempio Fermentation Research center, Osong 363-954, Korea.
Dae Eung
DE
Kim
Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea.
Sun Yeou
SY
Kim
Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea.
Seung Hyun
SH
Oh
D000208:Acute Disease; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D003106:Colon / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D062826:Zonula Occludens-1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism
D016207:Cytokines; D036145:Ginsenosides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; C569043:Tjp1 protein, mouse; D062826:Zonula Occludens-1 Protein; D016264:Dextran Sulfate