Dioxin disrupts cranial cartilage and dermal bone development in zebrafish larvae.
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD or dioxin) disrupts craniofacial development in zebrafish larvae. However, the cellular changes responsible for the decreased jaw size remain poorly understood. We show that smaller jaw size is due to a decrease in both the size and number of chondrocytes in the developing craniofacial cartilages. TCDD was found to decrease ossification of osteoblasts in the perichondrium of craniofacial cartilages. We also discovered that TCDD caused clefting of the parasphenoid, an effect with similarity to TCDD-induced cleft palate in mice. Thus, dermal and perichondrial bone development of the craniofacial skeleton are clearly disrupted by TCDD exposure in the zebrafish larvae. This dysmorphic response of the zebrafish craniofacial skeleton after exposure to TCDD is consistent with findings demonstrating disruption of axial bone development in medaka and repression of sox9b in zebrafish.
Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA. Electronic address: flpburns@gmail.com.
Felipe R
FR
Burns
Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin Madison, WI 53705, USA.
Richard E
RE
Peterson
Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin Madison, WI 53705, USA.
Warren
W
Heideman
D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D001846:Bone Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D002356:Cartilage / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000187:drug effects; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects; D007568:Jaw / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon / Q000235:genetics; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology*; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000235:genetics
D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; C504919:Sox9b protein, zebrafish; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor; Cleft parasphenoid; Craniofacial cartilage; Dermal bone; Development; Dioxin; Perichondrium; Proliferation; Sox9b; Zebrafish; chondrocyte