The implantable cardioverter-defibrillator: An update.
The implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) provides life-saving therapy to prevent sudden cardiac death. ICDs have been implanted in millions of patients worldwide since the first human implant in 1980. Clinical trials have helped establish guidelines for ICD implantation in primary and secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death. Recent trials have also tested and compared various programing strategies to avoid unnecessary shocks and improve survival among ICD recipients. ICDs may also assist with monitoring for heart failure management. In this review, we discuss the clinical science to date that has helped define the role of ICDs in current practice.
Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Jared D
JD
Miller
Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Omair
O
Yousuf
Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. Electronic address: rberger@jhmi.edu.
Ronald D
RD
Berger
D000818:Animals; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000266:history; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000266:history / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000266:history / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012307:Risk Factors; D055502:Secondary Prevention / Q000266:history / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome