title: Olive oil and its phenolic compounds (hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol) ameliorated TCDD-induced heptotoxicity in rats via inhibition of oxidative stress and apoptosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Naturally occurring polyphenols including olive oil (OO) and its constituents hydroxytyrosol (HT) and tyrosol (TY), consumed in the Mediterranean diet, have shown to treat various ailments due to their remarkable antioxidant properties.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study investigates the hepatoprotective effects of OO and its phenolic compounds HT and TY against TCDD-induced hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  TCDD was administered at a dose of 100 ng/kg p.o. for 20 d. Administration of OO (10 ml/kg; oral), HT (0.5 mg/kg; oral), and TY (30 mg/kg; i.p) was started 5 d prior to TCDD administration, and continued for 25 d with or without TCDD administration. At the end of the experiment (25 d), blood was taken for biochemical analyses and liver for the measurement of macromolecular damages, antioxidant status, expressions of CYP1A1, and apoptotic factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TCDD administration resulted in significant (p < 0.05) increase in the level of hepatic stress markers ALT (101.6 ± 3.07 IU/l), AST (295.0 ± 3.0 IU/l), and ALP (266.66 ± 3.7 IU/l). Also, biochemical analyses of liver reported elevation in nitrite and protein carbonyl content and depletion of NQO1 and HO. However, OO, HT, and TY restored the antioxidant status. Protein expressions by Western Blot technique showed an increase in the level of CYP1A1 and Bax and a decreased level of Bcl-2 on TCDD treatment, and vice versa on OO, HT, and TY treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our work concludes that dietary supplementation of OO, HT, and TY could serve as a potential preventive drug for TCDD-induced hepatotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biotechnology , Alagappa University , Karaikudi , Tamil Nadu , India and.
authors.forename: Ilavarasi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kalaiselvan
authors.affiliation: b Department of Animal Science , Bharathidasan University , Tiruchirappalli , Tamil Nadu , India.
authors.forename: Muniasamy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samuthirapandi
authors.affiliation: b Department of Animal Science , Bharathidasan University , Tiruchirappalli , Tamil Nadu , India.
authors.forename: Archunan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Govindaraju
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biotechnology , Alagappa University , Karaikudi , Tamil Nadu , India and.
authors.forename: Dicson
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sheeja Malar
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biotechnology , Alagappa University , Karaikudi , Tamil Nadu , India and.
authors.forename: Pandima Devi
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Kasi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D000069463:Olive Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000633:toxicity; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D000069463:Olive Oil; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D059808:Polyphenols; C005975:3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol; C011867:4-hydroxyphenylethanol; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol
keywords: Bax; CYP1A1; NQO1; hepatotoxicity; macromolecular damages; stress markers