title: Lasting hand self-disinfection: A backup for hospital hand hygiene?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hand disinfection should be performed on the occasion of 5 separate moments during patient care, but some occasions are skipped. Can using hand antiseptics with residual effect reduce the problem of infection spread? We evaluated a 30-minute residual effect by different antiseptic products on endogenous and acquired microbiota.
  
  
  METHODS
  The products tested were 2% and 5% chlorhexidine, 1% and 10% iodine povidone, 60° n-propanol, 0.2% mecetronium + isopropanol, and 0.6% chlorhexidine + isopropanol + 0.1% benzalconium chloride. The microorganisms identified were 3 ATCC and 9 multiresistant strains isolated from intensive care unit patients (used as acquired microbiota). Logarithmic (log10) reductions of the colony forming units obtained with each antiseptic product and for each microorganism were calculated via in vivo (6 volunteers) and in vitro tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The better in vivo and in vitro products with a residual effect > 2 log10 after 30 minutes on hands were 2%-5% chlorhexidine and 0.6% chlorhexidine + isopropanol + 0.1% benzalconium chloride. This reduction was significantly different (P < .01) from the other 4 antiseptics. This residual effect (> 2 log10) can be considered a self-disinfecting hand status in daily practice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hand antiseptics used in hospitals must pass tests of residual efficacy (after 30 minutes on acquired microbiota) showing a reduction > 2 log10 in vivo and in vitro. A good product can be the mixture of chlorhexidine + alcohol + benzalconium chloride.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: rafael.herruzo@uam.es.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Herruzo
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Rubén
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yela
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria Jose
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Vizcaino
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006225:Hand / Q000382:microbiology; D006235:Hand Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control / Q000379:methods*; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants
keywords: 30 min skin-residual-effect; Acquired microbiota; Seven antiseptics