title: Up-and-down-shaker-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of fungicides in wine.
abstract: An up-and-down-shaker-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (UDSA-DLLME) method coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was developed for the determination of fungicides (cyprodinil, procymidone, fludioxonil, flusilazole, benalaxyl, and tebuconazole) in wine. The developed method requires 11 μL of 1-octanol without the need for dispersive solvents. The total extraction time was approximately 3 min. Under optimum conditions, the linear range of the method was 0.05-100 μg L(-1) for all fungicides and the limit of detection was 0.007-0.025 μg L(-1). The absolute and relative recoveries were 31-83% and 83-107% for white wine, respectively, and 32-85% and 83-108% for red wine, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precision were 0.5-7.5% and 0.7-6.1%, respectively. Our developed method had good sensitivity and high extraction efficiency. UDSA-DLLME is a desirable method in terms of performance and speed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shang-Ping
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wan-Chi
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.affiliation: Department and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Po-Hsin
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Kai
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; Forensic and Clinical Toxicology Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jung-Hsuan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; Forensic and Clinical Toxicology Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan. Electronic address: paishanchen@ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Pai-Shan
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. Electronic address: sdhuang@mx.nthu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Shang-Da
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial
keywords: Fungicides; Gas chromatography; Improved solvent collection system; Up-and-down-shaker-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (UDSA–DLLME); Wine