title: Emotional, physical and sexual violence among Sami and non-Sami populations in Norway: The SAMINOR 2 questionnaire study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence and investigate ethnic differences of emotional, physical and sexual violence among a population of both Sami and non-Sami in Norway.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our study was based on the SAMINOR 2 study, a population-based survey on health and living conditions in multiethnic areas with both Sami and non-Sami populations in Central and Northern Norway. Our study includes a total of 11,296 participants: 2197 (19.4%) Sami respondents and 9099 (80.6 %) non-Sami respondents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Almost half of the Sami female respondents and one-third of the non-Sami female respondents reported any violence (any lifetime experience of violence). Sami women were more likely to report emotional, physical and sexual violence than non-Sami women. More than one-third of the Sami men compared with less than a quarter of non-Sami men reported having experienced any violence in their life. Sami men were more likely to report emotional and physical violence than non-Sami men. However, ethnicity was not significantly different regarding sexual violence experienced among men. Violence was typically reported to have occurred in childhood. Sami participants were more likely to report having experienced violence in the past 12 months. For all types of violence, the perpetrator was typically known to the victim.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regardless of gender, Sami respondents were more likely to report interpersonal violence. The prevalence of any violence was substantial in both ethnic groups and for both genders; it was highest among Sami women.
authors.affiliation: Sami Norwegian Advisory for Mental Health and Substance Use (SANKS) Finnmarkssykehuset HF, Karasjok, Norway Department of Community Medicine, The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway astrid.eriksen@medisin.uio.no.
authors.forename: Astrid M A
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Eriksen
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway Department of Education, UiT, The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Ketil Lenert
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: Sami Norwegian Advisory for Mental Health and Substance Use (SANKS) Finnmarkssykehuset HF, Karasjok, Norway.
authors.forename: Cecilie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Javo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway.
authors.forename: Berit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schei
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway; D000066550:Physical Abuse / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012742:Sex Offenses / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014754:Violence / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Emotional violence; Norway; SAMINOR; Sami; abuse; ethnicity; physical violence; sexual violence