title: Associations between Familial Factor, Trait Conscientiousness, Gender and the Occurrence of Type 2 Diabetes in Adulthood: Evidence from a British Cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate social, familial, and psychological factors in influencing the occurrence of type 2 diabetes in adulthood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Some 17,415 babies born in Great Britain in 1958 and followed up at 7, 11, 33, and 50 years of age. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes at age 50 years was the outcome measure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Some 5,032 participants with data on parental social class, childhood cognitive ability tests scores at age 11 years, educational qualifications at age 33 years, personality traits, occupational levels, and type 2 diabetes (all measured at age 50 years) were included in the study. Available information also included whether cohort members' parents or siblings had diabetes. Using logistic regression analyses, results showed that sex (OR=0.63: 0.42-0.92, p<.05), family history (OR=3.40: 1.76-6.55, p<.01), and trait conscientiousness (OR=0.76: 0.64-0.90, p<.001) were all significantly and independently associated with the occurrence of type 2 diabetes in adulthood. It appears that the occurrence of type 2 diabetes is greater among men than women (4.3% vs 2.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Familial (genetic and non-genetic) and psychological factors are significantly associated with the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in adulthood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; ESRC Centre for Learning and Life Chances in Knowledge Economies and Societies, Institute of Education, University of London, London WC1H 0AL, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Bath, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Treglown
authors.affiliation: Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden; Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London WC1E 7HB, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; BI: Norwegian Business School, Nydalsveien 37, 0484 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Furnham
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010375:Pedigree; D010551:Personality; D010641:Phenotype; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D006113:United Kingdom