title: Intra-abdominal pressure, Cardiac Index and vascular resistance during hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy: a prospective observational study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased intra-abdominal pressure and hemodynamic variations during hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) are expected to be comparable to pneumoperitoneum with decreased Cardiac Index (CI) and increased Systemic Vascular Resistance Index (SVRI). We hypothesized that despite comparable increased intra-abdominal pressure, hemodynamic changes during HIPEC would substantially differ from those described in laparoscopic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective observational clinical study, after obtaining written informed consent, we assessed intra-abdominal pressure and hemodynamic and respiratory changes during HIPEC in 10 consecutive patients. Intra-abdominal pressure as the primary endpoint was continuously measured with a catheter placed in the abdominal cavity. Secondary endpoints were hemodynamic changes measured by pulse contour analysis and respiratory alterations. Fluid management was based on stroke volume variation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean intra-abdominal pressure was constantly elevated during HIPEC at a level of 14.2 mmHg (P=0.002 compared to baseline). The mean SVRI dropped from 1716 dyn*sec/cm³/m² to 1490 dyn*sec/cm⁵/m² at the end of HIPEC (P<0.05). Mean CI increased from 3.2 to 3.45 L/m² (P<0.001) and Horovitz index decreased from 548 to 380 (P=0.001). Median fluid intake was 7000 mL. No patient developed acute kidney injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased intra-abdominal pressure during HIPEC was comparable to pneumoperitoneum. Hemodynamic changes however were opposed with a decrease in SVRI and a compensative increase in CI. Current guidelines for anesthetic management in patients undergoing HIPEC are mainly based on findings from laparoscopic surgery and should therefore be reconsidered critically.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany - Johannes.Kalbhenn@uniklinik-freiburg.de.
authors.forename: Christoph N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Schluermann
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoeppner
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Benk
authors.forename: Rene
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Loop
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kalbhenn
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000758:Anesthesia; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002302:Cardiac Output; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D011027:Pneumoperitoneum / Q000503:physiopathology; D011312:Pressure; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics; D014655:Vascular Resistance; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents