title: Human Primary Immune Cells Exhibit Distinct Mechanical Properties that Are Modified by Inflammation.
abstract: T lymphocytes are key modulators of the immune response. Their activation requires cell-cell interaction with different myeloid cell populations of the immune system called antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Although T lymphocytes have recently been shown to respond to mechanical cues, in particular to the stiffness of their environment, little is known about the rigidity of APCs. In this study, single-cell microplate assays were performed to measure the viscoelastic moduli of different human myeloid primary APCs, i.e., monocytes (Ms, storage modulus of 520 +90/-80 Pa), dendritic cells (DCs, 440 +110/-90 Pa), and macrophages (MPHs, 900 +110/-100 Pa). Inflammatory conditions modulated these properties, with storage moduli ranging from 190 Pa to 1450 Pa. The effect of inflammation on the mechanical properties was independent of the induction of expression of commonly used APC maturation markers, making myeloid APC rigidity an additional feature of inflammation. In addition, the rigidity of human T lymphocytes was lower than that of all myeloid cells tested and among the lowest reported (Young's modulus of 85 ± 5 Pa). Finally, the viscoelastic properties of myeloid cells were dependent on both their filamentous actin content and myosin IIA activity, although the relative contribution of these parameters varied within cell types. These results indicate that T lymphocytes face different cell rigidities when interacting with myeloid APCs in vivo and that this mechanical landscape changes under inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université Paris-Diderot and CNRS, UMR 7057, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bufi
authors.affiliation: Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Pavillon Pasteur, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 932, Immunité et Cancer, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saitakis
authors.affiliation: Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Pavillon Pasteur, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 932, Immunité et Cancer, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dogniaux
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université Paris-Diderot and CNRS, UMR 7057, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Buschinger
authors.affiliation: Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Pavillon Pasteur, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 932, Immunité et Cancer, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Armelle
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bohineust
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université Paris-Diderot and CNRS, UMR 7057, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Richert
authors.affiliation: Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Pavillon Pasteur, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 932, Immunité et Cancer, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maurin
authors.affiliation: Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Pavillon Pasteur, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 932, Immunité et Cancer, Paris, France. Electronic address: claire.hivroz@curie.fr.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hivroz
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université Paris-Diderot and CNRS, UMR 7057, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. Electronic address: atef.asnacios@univ-paris-diderot.fr.
authors.forename: Atef
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asnacios
mesh_terms: D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004548:Elasticity; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D014783:Viscosity