title: Time-Resolved Luminescence Nanothermometry with Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Nanodiamonds.
abstract: Measuring temperature in nanoscale spatial resolution either at or far from equilibrium is of importance in many scientific and technological applications. Although negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV(-)) centers in diamond have recently emerged as a promising nanometric temperature sensor, the technique has been applied only under steady state conditions so far. Here, we present a three-point sampling method that allows real-time monitoring of the temperature changes over ±100 K and a pump-probe-type experiment that enables the study of nanoscale heat transfer with a temporal resolution of better than 10 μs. The utility of the time-resolved luminescence nanothermometry was demonstrated with 100 nm fluorescent nanodiamonds spin-coated on a glass substrate and submerged in gold nanorod solution heated by a near-infrared laser, and the validity of the measurements was verified with finite-element numerical simulations. The combined theoretical and experimental approaches will be useful to implement time-resolved temperature sensing in laser processing of materials and even for devices in operation at the nanometer scale.
authors.affiliation: †Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan.|‡Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yan-Kai
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Tzeng
authors.affiliation: †Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Pei-Chang
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: †Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan.|§Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsiou-Yuan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: †Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Oliver Y
authors.initials: OY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: †Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: §Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Fu-Goul
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Yee
authors.affiliation: †Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Shien
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: †Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan.|∥Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Huan-Cheng
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chang
keywords: color center; diamond nanoparticle; electron spin resonance; gold nanorod; single particle tracking; time-resolved thermometry