title: Activation of Innate Immunity in Graft-versus-Host Disease: Implications for Novel Targets?
abstract: Acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is mediated by alloreactive donor-derived T cells with a suitable T cell receptor recognizing recipient major histocompatibility complex or minor histocompatibility antigens. However, the process of T cell activation and tissue injury sensing is also dependent on innate immune cells and non-hematopoietic cells. Different cell types of the innate immune system have the ability to sense danger-associated and pathogen-associated molecular patterns via pattern recognition receptors which can be transmembrane Toll-like receptors or cytoplasmic nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors. Infectious stimuli include bacterial, viral, and fungal components, while non-infectious stimuli can be components derived from damaged cells or extracellular matrix. A better understanding of the complex sensing and effector mechanisms of innate immune cells in GvHD may help to improve preventive and therapeutic strategies in GvHD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg i.Br., Germany.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zeiser
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000378:metabolism; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000241:Adenosine