title: Quantitative Study for the Surface Dehydration of Vocal Folds Based on High-Speed Imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  From the perspective of the glottal area and mucosal wave, quantitatively estimate the differences of vocal fold on laryngeal activity during phonation at three different dehydration levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled three sets of tests.
  
  
  METHODS
  A dehydration experiment for 10 excised canine larynges was conducted at 16 cm H2O. According to the dehydration cycle time (H), dehydration levels were divided into three degrees (0% H, 50% H, 75% H). The glottal area and mucosal wave under three dehydration levels were extracted from high-speed images and digital videokymography (DKG) image sequences. Direct and non-direct amplitude components were derived from glottal areas. The amplitude and frequency of mucosal wave were calculated from DKG image sequences. These parameters in condition of three dehydration levels were compared for statistical analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results showed a significant difference in direct (P = 0.001; P = 0.005) and non-direct (P = 0.005; P = 0.016) components of glottal areas between every two different dehydration levels. Considering the right-upper, right-lower, left-upper, and left-lower of vocal fold, the amplitudes of mucosal waves consistently decreased with increasing of dehydration levels. But, there was no significant difference in frequency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surface dehydration could give rise to complex variation of vocal fold on tissues and vibratory mechanism, which should need analyzing from multiple perspectives. The results suggested that the combination of glottal area and mucosal wave could be better to research the change of vocal fold at different dehydrations. It would become a better crucial research tool for the clinical treatment of dehydration-induced laryngeal pathologies.
authors.affiliation: College of Oceanography and Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology of the Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R. China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R China. Electronic address: yuzhang@xmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Allison L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Maytag
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Jack J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003681:Dehydration / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004285:Dogs; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007734:Kymography; D007820:Laryngeal Mucosa / Q000502:physiology*; D010699:Phonation; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Dehydration levels; Excised larynx experiment; Glottal areas; Mucosal waves