title: Characteristics of particulate matter emissions from toy cars with electric motors.
abstract: Aerosol emissions from toy cars with electric motors were characterized. Particle emission rates from the toy cars, as high as 7.47×10(7) particles/s, were measured. This emission rate is lower than other indoor sources such as smoking and cooking. The particles emitted from toy cars are generated from spark discharges inside the electric motors that power the toy cars. Size distribution measurements indicated that most particles were below 100 nm in diameter. Copper was the dominant inorganic species in these particles. By deploying aerosol mass spectrometers, high concentrations of particulate organic matter were also detected and characterized in detail. Several organic compounds were identified using a thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatography. The mass size distribution of particulate organic matter was bimodal. The formation mechanism of particulate organic matter from toy cars was elucidated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A possible new source of indoor air pollution, particles from electric motors in toy cars, was identified. This study characterized aerosol emissions from toy cars in detail. Most of these particles have a diameter less than 100 nm. Copper and some organics are the major components of these particles. Conditions that minimize these emissions were determined.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering , Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , Missouri , USA.
authors.forename: Xiaofei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Brent J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Pratim
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Biswas
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000737:chemistry*; D010988:Play and Playthings
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter