title: Relationships between perceived teachers' controlling behaviour, psychological need thwarting, anger and bullying behaviour in high-school students.
abstract: We tested a model of the associations between students' perceptions of their physical education teacher's controlling behaviour, perceptions of basic psychological need thwarting, anger and bullying behaviour. School students (N = 602; M age = 12.88, SD = 1.37) from 10 schools completed measures of perceived teachers' controlling behaviour and perceived thwarting of the psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness in physical education context and self-reported bullying and anger. A well-fitting structural equation model demonstrated that students' perceptions of the negative conditional regard and intimidation exhibited by the teacher had significant indirect effect on students' feelings of anger and bullying behaviour through the perceived psychological need thwarting in physical education. Findings suggest that physical education teachers who avoid the use of negative conditional regard and intimidation in their classes have students who perceive less need thwarting and report less bullying behaviour.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of Tartu, 5 Jakobi Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia. Electronic address: vello.hein@ut.ee.
authors.forename: Vello
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hein
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of Tartu, 5 Jakobi Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia. Electronic address: andre.koka@ut.ee.
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koka
authors.affiliation: Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia. Electronic address: martin.hagger@curtin.edu.au.
authors.forename: Martin S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hagger
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000293:Adolescent; D000786:Anger; D058445:Bullying; D002648:Child; D003469:Culture; D004957:Estonia; D005178:Faculty; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D010806:Physical Education and Training; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D012649:Self Concept; D012931:Social Environment; D012933:Social Identification; D012938:Social Perception; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Aggression behaviour; Need thwarting; School bullying; Teachers' controlling behaviour