title: Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis Prevents Oxidative Stress on Human Endothelial Cells without Toxicity.
abstract: Astaxanthin, a powerful antioxidant, is a good candidate for the prevention of intracellular oxidative stress. The aim of the study was to compare the antioxidant activity of astaxanthin present in two natural extracts from Haematococcus pluvialis, a microalgae strain, with that of synthetic astaxanthin. Natural extracts were obtained either by solvent or supercritical extraction methods. UV, HPLC-DAD and (HPLC-(atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI)+)/ion trap-MS) characterizations of both natural extracts showed similar compositions of carotenoids, but different percentages in free astaxanthin and its ester derivatives. The Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay showed that natural extracts containing esters displayed stronger antioxidant activities than free astaxanthin. Their antioxidant capacities to inhibit intracellular oxidative stress were then evaluated on HUVEC cells. The intracellular antioxidant activity in natural extracts was approximately 90-times higher than synthetic astaxanthin (5 µM). No modification, neither in the morphology nor in the viability, of vascular human cells was observed by in vitro biocompatibility study up to 10 µM astaxanthin concentrations. Therefore, these results revealed the therapeutic potential of the natural extracts in vascular human cell protection against oxidative stress without toxicity, which could be exploited in prevention and/or treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science; University Paris 13, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité 99, Av. Jean-Baptiste Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France. philregnier@hotmail.fr.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Régnier
authors.affiliation: CORDUNAP IBT, Avenida Playa Brava 3256, 1100000 Iquique, Chile. jorge.bastias@cordunap.cl.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bastias
authors.affiliation: INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science; University Paris 13, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité 99, Av. Jean-Baptiste Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France. violeta.rodriguezruiz@univ-paris13.fr.
authors.forename: Violeta
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Ruiz
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain. noelia.caballero.c@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Noelia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Caballero-Casero
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain. calic_amb@hotmail.es.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caballo
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain. qa1sicrm@uco.es.
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sicilia
authors.affiliation: INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science; University Paris 13, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité 99, Av. Jean-Baptiste Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France. axelle.fuentes@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Axelle
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fuentes
authors.affiliation: INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science; University Paris 13, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité 99, Av. Jean-Baptiste Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France. murielle.maire@univ-paris13.fr.
authors.forename: Murielle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maire
authors.affiliation: INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science; University Paris 13, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité 99, Av. Jean-Baptiste Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France. michel.crepin@inserm.fr.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crepin
authors.affiliation: INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science; University Paris 13, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité 99, Av. Jean-Baptiste Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France. didier.letourneur@inserm.fr.
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Letourneur
authors.affiliation: INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science; University Paris 13, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité 99, Av. Jean-Baptiste Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France. virginie.gueguen@univ-paris13.fr.
authors.forename: Virginie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gueguen
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain. qa1rubrs@uco.es.
authors.forename: Soledad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rubio
authors.affiliation: INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science; University Paris 13, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité 99, Av. Jean-Baptiste Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France. graciela.pavon@univ-paris13.fr.
authors.forename: Graciela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pavon-Djavid
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; D006801:Humans; D058086:Microalgae / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D024341:Xanthophylls; D002338:Carotenoids; C005948:astaxanthine