title: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation protects Miscanthus × giganteus against trace element toxicity in a highly metal-contaminated site.
abstract: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF)-assisted phytoremediation could constitute an ecological and economic method in polluted soil rehabilitation programs. The aim of this work was to characterize the trace element (TE) phytoremediation potential of mycorrhizal Miscanthus × giganteus. To understand the mechanisms involved in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis tolerance to TE toxicity, the fatty acid compositions and several stress oxidative biomarkers were compared in the roots and leaves of Miscanthus × giganteus cultivated under field conditions in either TE-contaminated or control soils. TEs were accumulated in greater amounts in roots, but the leaves were the organ most affected by TE contamination and were characterized by a strong decrease in fatty acid contents. TE-induced oxidative stress in leaves was confirmed by an increase in the lipid peroxidation biomarker malondialdehyde (MDA). TE contamination decreased the GSSG/GSH ratio in the leaves of exposed plants, while peroxidase (PO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were increased in leaves and in whole plants, respectively. AMF inoculation also increased root colonization in the presence of TE contamination. The mycorrhizal colonization determined a decrease in SOD activity in the whole plant and PO activities in leaves and induced a significant increase in the fatty acid content in leaves and a decrease in MDA formation in whole plants. These results suggested that mycorrhization is able to confer protection against oxidative stress induced by soil pollution. Our findings suggest that mycorrhizal inoculation could be used as a bioaugmentation technique, facilitating Miscanthus cultivation on highly TE-contaminated soil.
authors.affiliation: Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA4492, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel de Dunkerque, 189A Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France; Institut Polytechnique LaSalle Beauvais, UP-EGEAL 2012.10.101, 19 rue Pierre Waguet, Beauvais Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Firmin
authors.affiliation: Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA4492, 50 rue Ferdinand Buisson, 62228 Calais, France; Université de Carthage, Laboratoire des Sciences Horticoles, Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, 43 Ave Charles Nicolle, 1082 Tunis, Mahrajène, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Labidi
authors.affiliation: Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA4492, 50 rue Ferdinand Buisson, 62228 Calais, France.
authors.forename: Joël
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fontaine
authors.affiliation: Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA4492, 50 rue Ferdinand Buisson, 62228 Calais, France.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Laruelle
authors.affiliation: Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA4492, 50 rue Ferdinand Buisson, 62228 Calais, France.
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tisserant
authors.affiliation: Groupe ISA, Laboratoire Génie Civil et géoEnvironnement (LGCgE), 48 boulevard Vauban, 59046 Lille Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nsanganwimana
authors.affiliation: Groupe ISA, Laboratoire Génie Civil et géoEnvironnement (LGCgE), 48 boulevard Vauban, 59046 Lille Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Bertrand
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pourrut
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa ON K1A 0C6, Canada.
authors.forename: Yolande
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dalpé
authors.affiliation: Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA4492, 50 rue Ferdinand Buisson, 62228 Calais, France.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grandmougin
authors.affiliation: Groupe ISA, Laboratoire Génie Civil et géoEnvironnement (LGCgE), 48 boulevard Vauban, 59046 Lille Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Douay
authors.affiliation: Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA4492, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel de Dunkerque, 189A Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France.
authors.forename: Pirouz
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shirali
authors.affiliation: Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA4492, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel de Dunkerque, 189A Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verdin
authors.affiliation: Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA4492, 50 rue Ferdinand Buisson, 62228 Calais, France. Electronic address: lounes@univ-littoral.fr.
authors.forename: Anissa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui
mesh_terms: D059827:Agricultural Inoculants / Q000502:physiology*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D008670:Metals / Q000633:toxicity; D038821:Mycorrhizae; D006109:Poaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014131:Trace Elements
keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation; Miscanthus×giganteus; Oxidative stress biomarkers; Phytomanagement; Polluted soils; Trace elements