title: Cortical microinfarcts on 3T MRI: Clinical correlates in memory-clinic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This is the first study to assess cerebral microinfarcts (CMIs) on 3 tesla (3T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a memory clinic population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 238 consecutive patients (aged 72.5 ± 9.1 years) from a memory clinic in Singapore. All patients underwent extensive neurological and neuropsychological testing and 3T MRI on the same day. Cortical CMI rating criteria were adapted from a previous study on 7T MRI. We analyzed the frequency and association of cortical CMIs with demographic, clinical, cognition, and other MRI findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-five patients (32%) had cortical CMIs (median 1, range 1-43). Patients with CMIs showed worse cognitive functioning on MMSE, and in the domains of language and visuoconstruction. The presence of CMIs was related to other markers of small vessel disease, but most strongly larger cortical infarcts. Patients with CMIs were more often diagnosed with vascular dementia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cortical CMIs on 3T MRI are a novel marker of cerebrovascular disease in dementia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. Electronic address: s.j.veluw-2@umcutrecht.nl.
authors.forename: Susanne J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: van Veluw
authors.affiliation: Memory Aging & Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Saima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hilal
authors.affiliation: Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hugo J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kuijf
authors.affiliation: Memory Aging & Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore; Academic Medicine Research Institute, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Mohammad Kamran
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Ikram
authors.affiliation: Memory Aging & Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.affiliation: St. Luke's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Tan Boon
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Yeow
authors.affiliation: Raffles Neuroscience Centre, Raffles Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Narayanaswamy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Venketasubramanian
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Geert Jan
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Biessels
authors.affiliation: Memory Aging & Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000473:pathology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Atrophy; Dementia; MRI; Memory clinic population; Microinfarcts; Small vessel disease