title: Diabetes and Behavioral Learning Principles: Often Neglected yet Well-Known and Empirically Validated Means of Optimizing Diabetes Care Behavior.
abstract: Managing diabetes is known to be invasive, pervasive, and unrelenting, making adherence to the treatment regimen difficult to accomplish. Ongoing clinical and research efforts have attempted to address the struggles faced by youth and adults with diabetes. Recent research supports the integration of behavioral interventions into clinical practice to assist patients and families with the goal of improving health outcomes. Empirically supported and well-documented behavioral learning principles, particularly positive reinforcement, are often underutilized in modern diabetes care. We posit that most diabetes care providers are aware of these principles. However, the constraints of today's medical systems have become significant barriers to purposefully and consistently applying them to promote improved diabetes care. We provide a brief overview of basic behavioral principles and common barriers to implementation, discuss relevant interventions, and present several examples of applications in clinical settings. We conclude with recommendations to raise awareness regarding the importance of consistently integrating relevant behavioral learning principles and interventions into diabetes care settings.
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychology, Child Development and Rehabilitation Center, Oregon Health and Science University, 707 SW Gaines Street, Portland, OR, USA, stoeckel@ohsu.edu.
authors.forename: Maggie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stoeckel
authors.forename: Danny
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Duke
mesh_terms: D001521:Behavior Therapy; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D011320:Primary Health Care; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012648:Self Care