title: Dysbiosis and Immune Dysregulation in Outer Space.
abstract: In space, the lifestyle, relative sterility of spaceship and extreme environmental stresses, such as microgravity and cosmic radiation, can compromise the balance between human body and human microbiome. An astronaut's body during spaceflight encounters increased risk for microbial infections and conditions because of immune dysregulation and altered microbiome, i.e. dysbiosis. This risk is further heightened by increase in virulence of pathogens in microgravity. Health status of astronauts might potentially benefit from maintaining a healthy microbiome by specifically managing their diet on space in addition to probiotic therapies. This review focuses on the current knowledge/understanding of how spaceflight affects human immunity and microbiome.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut Health Center , Farmington , CT , USA .
authors.forename: Jorge L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cervantes
authors.affiliation: b Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences , University of Connecticut Health Center , Farmington , CT , USA.
authors.forename: Bo-Young
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D018480:Astronauts; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000276:immunology / Q000528:radiation effects; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D000068016:Eubacteriales / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D003359:Cosmic Radiation / Q000009:adverse effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D064806:Dysbiosis / Q000276:immunology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D044923:Helicobacter hepaticus / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity / Q000528:radiation effects*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D013026:Space Flight; D014774:Virulence; D014893:Weightlessness / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
keywords: immune dysregulation; microbiome; spaceflight