title: Effect of the CYP2D6 gene polymorphism on postoperative analgesia of tramadol in Han nationality nephrectomy patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tramadol is a synthetic opioid which has analgesic efficacy in the postoperative pain. It is metabolized by polymorphic enzyme cytochrome P450 (CYP2D6). Patients with different CYP2D6 genotypes would have different responses to tramadol in pain relief. The CYP2D6*10 allele is the most common allele in a Chinese population. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the different CYP2D6*10 genotypes have an effect on the postoperative tramadol analgesia in the Chinese population after elective nephrectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty patients after performed elective nephrectomy were enrolled in this study after being approved by the local Ethics Committee. The patients were given patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) which included 10 mg/ml tramadol after receiving a loading dose of 100 mg tramadol and 1 mg granisetron intravenously. Blood samples were collected after induction of anesthesia. The CYP2D6*10 polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). According to the results, the patients were divided into three groups (CYP2D6*1/*1, n = 33; CYP2D6*1/*10, n = 28; CYP2D6*10/*10, n = 50). The total consumption of tramadol, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, and PCA control times among the three genotype groups for 2, 4, 24, 48, and 72 h after operation were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine out of 120 patients were dropped out of the study; 111 patients completed the study. The frequency of CYP2D6*10 allele was 57.7%. The demographic data among the three groups were comparable. The consumption of tramadol, patient self-control times of pump, and VAS score in CYP2D6*10/*10 group were significantly higher than that in CYP2D6*1/*1 or CYP2D6*1/*10 group at 2 and 4 h (P < 0.05), while it did not differ between CYP2D6*1/*1 and CYP2D6*1/*10 group (P > 0.05). There was no difference in the incidence of nausea and vomiting among the three groups (P > 0.05). No sever apnea was recorded in these groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different CYP2D6*10 genotypes have an influence on the analgesic effect of tramadol in Han nationality patients after elective nephrectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, China and Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xue-fu Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilonjiang, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, China and Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xue-fu Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilonjiang, China.
authors.forename: Shu-Jun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, China and Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xue-fu Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilonjiang, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, China and Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xue-fu Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilonjiang, China.
authors.forename: Dong-Dong
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, China and Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xue-fu Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilonjiang, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Zhuo
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, China and Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xue-fu Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilonjiang, China. scy-zw@163.com.
authors.forename: Chun-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled / Q000379:methods; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 / Q000235:genetics*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D014147:Tramadol / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D014147:Tramadol; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6