title: Applicability of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (Modified) in a community sample with low education level: association with an extensive neuropsychological battery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the applicability of a Portuguese (PT) version of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS), with a delayed recall item [modified (M)], here termed TICSM-PT, against an extensive (in-person) battery of neuropsychological instruments, in a sample of older individuals with low educational level and without clinically manifest/diagnosed cognitive impairment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following translation/back-translation and pilot testing in 33 community dwellers, 142 community dwellers aged 52 to 84 years (mean = 67.45, SD = 7.91) were selected from local health care centres for the study (convenience sampling; stratified age and gender). Cronbach's alpha was used to assess internal consistency, and convergent validity was evaluated through the correlation between TICSM-PT and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), as well as with a comprehensive battery of cognitive instruments. Divergent/discriminant validity was assessed through a battery of psychological instruments. The receiver operating curve was determined for TICSM-PT to classify participants with and without possible indication of cognitive impairment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TICSM-PT showed a satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.705), convergent validity and discriminant validity. TICSM-PT presented a positive association with the global cognitive measures Mini Mental State Examination and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and also with most neuropsychological parameters. Receiver operating curve curves presented a sensitivity of 90.6% and specificity of 73.7%. The area under the curve statistic yielded a threshold score equal or below 13.5 for cognitive impairment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TICSM-PT is a practical tool for rapid cognitive assessment among older individuals with low educational background.
authors.affiliation: Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.|ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.|Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Teresa Costa
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Castanho
authors.affiliation: Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.|ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.|Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-1366
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Portugal-Nunes
authors.affiliation: Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.|ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.|Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Pedro Silva
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.|ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.|Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Liliana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Amorim
authors.affiliation: Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.|ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.|Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Joana Almeida
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Palha
authors.affiliation: Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.|ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.|Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Nuno
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.affiliation: Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.|ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.|Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8110-7173
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Correia Santos
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000592:standards*; D019114:Remote Consultation / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013689:Telephone
keywords: ageing; cognition; education; psychological morbidity; rapid screening; telephone screening