title: Protective effects of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles loaded with erythropoietin stabilized by sodium cholate against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity.
abstract: The final aim of this study was to confirm the neuroprotective effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles stabilized by sodium cholate (rhEPO-Ch-NP) and compare their effects with those of rhEPO using an in vitro model of cerebral ischemia. Glutamate-induced excitotoxic damage on SH-SY5Y cells, a human neuroblastoma cell line, with or without rhEPO-Ch-NPs was quantitatively evaluated. The rhEPO-Ch-NPs were carefully prepared using a water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) emulsion solvent evaporation technique with PLGA, sodium cholate hydrate, and ethyl acetate. The rhEPO-Ch-NPs were fully characterized by both transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In addition, significant intracellular uptake of these particles was monitored by confocal microscopy. Notably, the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and nuclear changes observed by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining in SH-SY5Y cells demonstrated that rhEPO-Ch-NPs were safer at any concentration investigated and rescued more neuronal cells, while preserving normocytic features against glutamate-induced excitotoxic damages compared to rhEPO.
authors.forename: Ji Heun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Seung Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Jeong Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kwang Sik
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: In Ho
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ye Ji
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Je Hun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Nam Seob
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young Gil
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Do Kyung
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Gyu Hyun
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Shin Hye
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Seul Ki
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Seung-Yun
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Bo Sun
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004355:Drug Stability; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009447:Neuroblastoma; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010316:Particle Size; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D020358:Sodium Cholate / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D004921:Erythropoietin; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D020358:Sodium Cholate