title: Efficacy and safety of aluminum chloride in controlling external hemorrhage: an animal model study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite all the progress in surgical science, bleeding caused by traffic accidents is still one of the challenges surgeons face in saving patients' lives. Therefore, introducing an effective method to control external bleeding is an important research priority.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to compare the hemostatic effect of aluminum chloride versus simple suturing in controlling external bleeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  This experimental study was conducted in Kashan, Iran. In this study, 60 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into six groups. An incision, two centimeters (cm) long and half a cm deep, was made on each rat's shaved back skin and the hemostatic time was measured once using aluminum chloride with different concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, 25%, and 50%) and then using the control method (controlling hemorrhage by simple suturing). The skin tissue was assessed for pathological changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The hemostatic time of aluminum chloride 50%, 25%, 15%, 10% and 5% were 8.20 ± 0.919, 14.10 ± 1.37, 21.20 ± 1.31, 30.80 ± 1.68 and 42.00 ± 4.19 seconds, respectively. Also, the mean hemostasis time in the control group (suture) was 84.00 ± 4.05 seconds. The hemostatic times of different concentrations of aluminum chloride were significantly less than that of the control group. There was a statistically significant difference between every two hemostatic time. The pathologic examination showed the highest frequency of low-grade inflammation based on the defined pathological grading.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The aluminum chloride method needs less time to control external hemorrhage compared to the control method (controlling external hemorrhage by simple suturing). Aluminum chloride is an effective agent in controlling external hemorrhage in an animal model.
authors.affiliation: Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nouri
authors.affiliation: Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sharif
authors.affiliation: Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Yunes
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Panahi
authors.affiliation: Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghanei
authors.affiliation: Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Bardia
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jamali
keywords: Aluminum Chloride; Hemorrhage; Hemostasis; Rats