title: Quantifying Memory CD8 T Cells Reveals Regionalization of Immunosurveillance.
abstract: Memory CD8 T cells protect against intracellular pathogens by scanning host cell surfaces; thus, infection detection rates depend on memory cell number and distribution. Population analyses rely on cell isolation from whole organs, and interpretation is predicated on presumptions of near complete cell recovery. Paradigmatically, memory is parsed into central, effector, and resident subsets, ostensibly defined by immunosurveillance patterns but in practice identified by phenotypic markers. Because isolation methods ultimately inform models of memory T cell differentiation, protection, and vaccine translation, we tested their validity via parabiosis and quantitative immunofluorescence microscopy of a mouse memory CD8 T cell population. We report three major findings: lymphocyte isolation fails to recover most cells and biases against certain subsets, residents greatly outnumber recirculating cells within non-lymphoid tissues, and memory subset homing to inflammation does not conform to previously hypothesized migration patterns. These results indicate that most host cells are surveyed for reinfection by segregated residents rather than by recirculating cells that migrate throughout the blood and body.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Steinert
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Jason M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Schenkel
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Kathryn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Lalit K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Beura
authors.affiliation: Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Luke S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Manlove
authors.affiliation: Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Botond Z
authors.initials: BZ
authors.lastname: Igyártó
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Southern
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. Electronic address: masopust@umn.edu.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Masopust
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / Q000378:metabolism; D001117:Arenaviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002465:Cell Movement; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000378:metabolism; D008217:Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D015166:Monitoring, Immunologic; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*; D000099192:CD69 Antigens
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D000099192:CD69 Antigens