title: A novel intracerebral hemorrhage-induced rat model of neurogenic voiding dysfunction: Analysis of lower urinary tract function.
abstract: Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) is a major problem in patients with various neurological disorders, and may result in debilitating symptoms and serious complications, including chronic renal failure and recurrent urinary tract infections. Clinically, stroke is associated with voiding dysfunction. However, lower urinary tract function evaluation in an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) model has not, to the best of our knowledge, been reported. Therefore, in the present study, lower urinary tract function in ICH-induced rats was investigated and the results were compared with those obtained in normal rats. The effects of ICH on peripheral bladder function and central micturition centers [medial preoptic area, ventrolateral gray, pontaine micturition center and spinal cord (lumbar 4 (L4)-L5)] were also examined. Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: Control ICH-induced. Induction of ICH in the hippocampal CA1 region was performed using a stereotaxic frame and type IV collagenase. The effects of ICH on the central micturition centers were investigated by simultaneously determining the extent of neuronal activation (c-Fos) and nerve growth factor (NGF) expression, and assessing voiding function (urodynamically using cystometry). The results revealed that induction of ICH significantly enhanced bladder contraction pressure and time, while simultaneously reducing voiding pressure and time. Furthermore, the c-Fos and NGF expression levels in the neuronal voiding centers were significantly increased in the rats with induced ICH as compared with the control rats. Therefore, this ICH-induced NLUTD rat model may be a more appropriate method to analyze NLUTD in stroke patients than a cerebral infarction model, as the former more accurately reflects the nature of the hemorrhage in the two types of stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 110‑746, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Sam
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul 130‑701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Il-Gyu
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul 130‑701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Ju
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon 405‑760, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Khae-Hawn
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D056547:CA1 Region, Hippocampal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017364:Collagenases / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011301:Preoptic Area / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005353:Fibronectins; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor; D017364:Collagenases; C431667:FN type IV collagenase