title: Radiation exposure to the eye lens of orthopaedic surgeons during various orthopaedic procedures.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to assess the radiation dose to the eye lens of orthopaedic surgeons during various orthopaedic procedures and to make efforts to ensure that radiation protection is optimised. The study was performed for Fractura femoris and Fractura cruris procedures performed in orthopaedic operating theatres, as well as for fractures of wrist, ankle and hand/shoulder performed in the emergency trauma room. The highest mean value of the eye lens dose of 47.2 μSv and higher mean fluoroscopy time of 3 min, as well as the corresponding highest maximum values of 77.1 μSv and 5.0 min were observed for the Fractura femoris procedure performed with the Biplanar 500e fluoroscopy systems. At a normal workload, the estimated mean annual dose values do not exceed the annual occupational dose limit for the lens of eye, but at a heavy workload in the department, this dose limit could be achieved or exceeded. The use of protective lead glasses is recommended as they could reduce the radiation exposure of the lens of the eye. The phantom measurements demonstrated that the use of half-dose mode could additionally reduce dose to the operator's eye lens.
authors.affiliation: Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria kati_z@abv.bg.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Romanova
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vassileva
authors.affiliation: Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alyakov
mesh_terms: D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000379:methods; D005135:Eye Protective Devices; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000601:surgery; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000528:radiation effects*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D060051:Occupational Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures; D009985:Orthopedics / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D000069079:Radiation Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods; D066231:Surgeons; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D007854:Lead