title: Antioxidant capacity automatic assay based on inline photogenerated radical species from L-glutathione-capped CdTe quantum dots.
abstract: This work aimed at the development of a methodology implemented in an automatic flow system for determination of the antioxidant capacity in food samples, based on the luminol oxidation by inline photogenerated radical species from cadmium telluride nanoparticles capped with L-glutathione. Radical species were generated inline by a high-power visible light obtained by Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) assembled in a multipumping flow system (MPFS). The use of visible light instead of UV radiation allowed the development of a new methodology for antioxidant capacity determination, more environment friendly and to circumvent the risk for UV photo-induced degradation of sample antioxidant compounds. Additionally, the formation of superoxide radical species was theoretically predicted considering the variation of the redox potential with the size of CdTe QDs and the values of redox potential of the oxidizing and oxidable species present in the irradiated medium. The obtained results of trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) from the analysis of commercial beverages were compared with the results of ABTS and DPPH batch assays through Spearman's-Rho correlation coefficients and no correlation was found (for ABTS: ρ=0.2, p<0.6 and for DPPH: ρ=0.5, p<0.1) since the mechanism of action of the proposed methodology was based on the scavenging capacity of ROS species rather than the reduction of a colored oxidant. An analytical linear response range between 0.0001 and 0.005mmol L(-1) of trolox and a limit of detection of 0.00005mmol L(-1) was found. The QDs based MPFS methodology allowed a determination rate of about 79h(-1), a total waste generation of 20.5mL h(-1) and the consumption of 0.100mg h(-1) of QDs and 2.1mg h(-1) of luminol.
authors.affiliation: LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Daniela M C
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: David S M
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Frigerio
authors.affiliation: LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: S Sofia M
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: João L M
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: joaoavp@ff.up.pt.
authors.forename: João A V
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Prior
keywords: Antioxidant capacity; Light Emitting Diode; Multipumping; Quantum dots; Radicals photogeneration; Superoxide