title: Teaching laryngeal endoscopy skills to speech and language therapists: applying learning theory to optimize practical skills mastery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This review was carried out to highlight relevant learning theory and its application to the teaching of endoscopic skills to speech and language therapists (SLTs). This article explains the most relevant models from Constructivist, Experiential and Humanistic Learning Theory, a combination that has been described as Constructive Experience, and describes the relevance and the benefits of applying educational frameworks in course design. This approach has been formally used to design and deliver practical skills teaching in medicine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SLTs carry out endoscopic evaluation of the larynx (EEL) to provide information for evaluation and rehabilitation of voice and swallowing disorders. These are essential procedures in ear, nose and throat, voice and swallowing specialist centres. Training in endoscopy skills for SLTs working in the ear, nose and throat specialist centres in the United Kingdom has traditionally been provided external to the local clinic environment as 1 or 2-day courses. In one survey in the United Kingdom, 79% of SLTs reported that they did not acquire the depth of skill required to carry out EEL autonomously after attending such courses. Course development to teach practical skills should be underpinned by educational theory.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One EEL course in the United Kingdom is described, wherein sessions are interactive and experiential, promoting deep learning, constructive feedback and reflection, enriched by the completion of logs and portfolios. From course evaluations, all the learners met the learning objectives, developing and applying skills to become confident endoscopists in autonomous clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: H Fiona
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Reg
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dennick
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D003479:Curriculum; D004521:Educational Measurement; D006801:Humans; D007808:Language Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000193:education*; D017145:Models, Educational; D013070:Speech Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods*; D006113:United Kingdom