title: Major dietary patterns and carotid intima-media thickness in Bangladesh.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is a validated surrogate marker of preclinical atherosclerosis and is predictive of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Research on the association between IMT and diet, however, is lacking, especially in low-income countries or low-BMI populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional analysis. Dietary intakes were measured using a validated, thirty-nine-item FFQ at baseline cohort recruitment. IMT measurements were obtained from 2010-2011.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rural Bangladesh.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants (n 1149) randomly selected from the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study, an ongoing, population-based, prospective cohort study established in 2000. Average age at IMT measurement was 45·5 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Principal component analysis of reported food items yielded a 'balanced' diet, an 'animal protein' diet and a 'gourd and root vegetable' diet. We observed a positive association between the gourd/root vegetable diet and IMT, as each 1 sd increase in pattern adherence was related to a difference of 7·74 (95 % CI 2·86, 12·62) μm in IMT (P<0·01), controlling for age, sex, total energy intake, smoking status, BMI, systolic blood pressure and diabetes mellitus diagnoses. The balanced pattern was associated with lower IMT (-4·95 (95 % CI -9·78, -0·11) μm for each 1sd increase of adherence; P=0·045).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A gourd/root vegetable diet in this Bangladeshi population positively correlated with carotid IMT, while a balanced diet was associated with decreased IMT.
authors.affiliation: 1Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine,New York University School of Medicine,650 First Avenue,New York,NY 10016,USA.
authors.forename: Tyler R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: McClintock
authors.affiliation: 3Department of Environmental Health Sciences,Mailman School of Public Health,Columbia University,New York,NY,USA.
authors.forename: Faruque
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Parvez
authors.affiliation: 1Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine,New York University School of Medicine,650 First Avenue,New York,NY 10016,USA.
authors.forename: Fen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: 4U-Chicago Research Bangladesh,Ltd,Dhaka,Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Tariqul
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: 4U-Chicago Research Bangladesh,Ltd,Dhaka,Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Alauddin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: 4U-Chicago Research Bangladesh,Ltd,Dhaka,Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Rina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rani Paul
authors.affiliation: 4U-Chicago Research Bangladesh,Ltd,Dhaka,Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Ishrat
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shaheen
authors.affiliation: 4U-Chicago Research Bangladesh,Ltd,Dhaka,Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Golam
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sarwar
authors.affiliation: 5Department of Neurology,Miller School of Medicine,University of Miami,Miami,FL,USA.
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rundek
authors.affiliation: 6Department of Epidemiology,Mailman School of Public Health,Columbia University,New York,NY,USA.
authors.forename: Ryan T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Demmer
authors.affiliation: 6Department of Epidemiology,Mailman School of Public Health,Columbia University,New York,NY,USA.
authors.forename: Moise
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Desvarieux
authors.affiliation: 9Departments of Health Studies,Medicine and Human Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center,The University of Chicago,5841 South Maryland Avenue,Suite N102,Chicago,IL 60637,USA.
authors.forename: Habibul
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ahsan
authors.affiliation: 1Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine,New York University School of Medicine,650 First Avenue,New York,NY 10016,USA.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D001459:Bangladesh; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003906:Developing Countries; D004032:Diet; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Bangladesh; Carotid intima-media thickness; Diet; Dietary patterns