title: Phytohormone Profiling across the Bryophytes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bryophytes represent a very diverse group of non-vascular plants such as mosses, liverworts and hornworts and the oldest extant lineage of land plants. Determination of endogenous phytohormone profiles in bryophytes can provide substantial information about early land plant evolution. In this study, we screened thirty bryophyte species including six liverworts and twenty-four mosses for their phytohormone profiles in order to relate the hormonome with phylogeny in the plant kingdom.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples belonging to nine orders (Pelliales, Jungermanniales, Porellales, Sphagnales, Tetraphidales, Polytrichales, Dicranales, Bryales, Hypnales) were collected in Central and Northern Bohemia. The phytohormone content was analysed with a high performance liquid chromatography electrospray tandem-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  As revealed for growth hormones, some common traits such as weak conjugation of both cytokinins and auxins, intensive production of cisZ-type cytokinins and strong oxidative degradation of auxins with abundance of a major primary catabolite 2-oxindole-3-acetic acid were pronounced in all bryophytes. Whereas apparent dissimilarities in growth hormones profiles between liverworts and mosses were evident, no obvious trends in stress hormone levels (abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid) were found with respect to the phylogeny.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The apparent differences in conjugation and/or degradation strategies of growth hormones between liverworts and mosses might potentially show a hidden link between vascular plants and liverworts. On the other hand, the complement of stress hormones in bryophytes probably correlate rather with prevailing environmental conditions and plant survival strategy than with plant evolution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Taxonomy, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Průhonice, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Lenka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Záveská Drábková
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Petre I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Dobrev
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Václav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Motyka
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D044002:Bryophyta / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D003583:Cytokinins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D000078183:Oxindoles; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
chemical_list: D003517:Cyclopentanes; D003583:Cytokinins; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D000078183:Oxindoles; D054883:Oxylipins; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; C003013:2-oxindole-3-acetic acid; C011006:jasmonic acid; D000040:Abscisic Acid; D020156:Salicylic Acid