title: Ineffective central nervous system HIV suppression of once-a-day maraviroc and ritonavir-boosted darunavir dual therapy: four case reports.
abstract: Novel two-drug combinations including a protease inhibitor are an attractive nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor sparing option for some patients, particularly as a switch strategy. We have used the two-drug combination of maraviroc and darunavir/ritonavir once a day as a switch strategy in patients with stable low or undetectable plasma HIV viral loads, but identified four patients who failed on this combination, indicating it may be insufficient to prevent replication of neurotropic HIV in treatment-experienced patients. Further investigation of our cases highlighted the need for a better understanding of the plasma and cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) pharmacodynamics of these drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of HIV, North Middlesex Hospital, Sterling Way, London, UK nadia.ahmed2@nhs.net.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Department of HIV, North Middlesex Hospital, Sterling Way, London, UK.
authors.forename: Chinyere
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Okoli
authors.affiliation: Department of HIV, North Middlesex Hospital, Sterling Way, London, UK.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ainsworth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D065100:CCR5 Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003510:Cyclohexanes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069454:Darunavir / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000077592:Maraviroc; D008875:Middle Aged; D009420:Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D019438:Ritonavir / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014230:Triazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D065100:CCR5 Receptor Antagonists; D003510:Cyclohexanes; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014230:Triazoles; D000077592:Maraviroc; D019438:Ritonavir; D000069454:Darunavir
keywords: AIDS; Antiviral; CNS; HIV; antiretroviral therapy; darunavir; maraviroc; neurological; treatment; treatment failure