title: Cellulose nanocrystals isolated from oil palm trunk.
abstract: In this study cellulose nanocrystals were isolated from oil palm trunk (Elaeis guineensis) using acid hydrolysis method. The morphology and size of the nanocrystals were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the nanocrystals isolated from raw oil palm trunk (OPT) fibers and hot water treated OPT fibers had an average diameter of 7.67 nm and 7.97 nm and length of 397.03 nm and 361.70 nm, respectively. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy indicated that lignin and hemicellulose contents decreased. It seems that lignin was completely removed from the samples during chemical treatment. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that cellulose nanocrystals after acid hydrolysis had higher thermal stability compared to the raw and hot water treated OPT fibers. The X-ray diffraction analysis increased crystallinity of the samples due to chemical treatment. The crystalline nature of the isolated nanocrystals from raw and hot water treated OPT ranged from 68 to 70%.
authors.affiliation: Division of Bioresource, Paper and Coatings Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Junidah
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lamaming
authors.affiliation: Division of Bioresource, Paper and Coatings Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia. Electronic address: hrokiah@usm.my.
authors.forename: Rokiah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hashim
authors.affiliation: Division of Bioresource, Paper and Coatings Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Othman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sulaiman
authors.affiliation: Division of Bioresource, Paper and Coatings Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Cheu Peng
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Leh
authors.affiliation: Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, I Matsunosato, Tsukuba 305-8687, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Bioresource, Paper and Coatings Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Noor Afeefah
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Nordin
mesh_terms: D000143:Acids; D028023:Arecaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000143:Acids; D010938:Plant Oils; D002482:Cellulose; C109691:microcrystalline cellulose
keywords: Cellulose nanocrystals; Crystallinity; Hot water treated fibers; Oil palm trunk; Raw fibers; Thermal properties