title: Trends in Disparity by Sex and Race/Ethnicity for the Leading Causes of Death in the United States-1999-2010.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Temporal trends in disparities in the leading causes of death within and between US demographic subgroups indicate the need for and success of interventions to prevent premature death in vulnerable populations. Studies that report recent trends are limited and outdated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe temporal trends in disparities in death rates by sex and race/ethnicity for the 10 leading causes of death in the United States during 1999-2010.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used underlying cause of death data and population estimates from the National Vital Statistics System to calculate age-adjusted death rates for the 10 leading causes of death during 1999-2010. We measured absolute and relative disparities by sex and race/ethnicity for each cause and year of death; we used weighted linear regression to test for significance of trends over time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 10 leading causes of death, age-adjusted death rates by sex and race/ethnicity declined during 1999-2010 for 6 causes and increased for 4 causes. But sex and racial/ethnic disparities between groups persisted for each year and cause of death. In the US population, the decreasing trend during 1999-2010 was greatest for cerebrovascular disease (-36.5%) and the increasing trend was greatest for Alzheimer disease (52.4%). For each sex and year, the disparity in death rates between Asian/Pacific Islanders (API) and other groups varied significantly by cause of death. In 2010, the API-non-Hispanic black disparity was largest for heart disease, malignant neoplasms, cerebrovascular diseases, and nephritis; the API-American Indian/Alaska Native disparity was largest for unintentional injury, diabetes mellitus, influenza and pneumonia, and suicide; and the API-non-Hispanic white disparity was largest for chronic lower respiratory diseases and Alzheimer disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Public health practitioners can use these findings to improve policies and practices and to evaluate progress in eliminating disparities and their social determinants in vulnerable populations.
authors.affiliation: National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, & TB Prevention (NCHHSTP) (Ms Chang and Dr Truman), Office of Minority Health and Health Equity (Dr Moonesinghe), and Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Athar).
authors.forename: Man-Huei
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Ramal
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moonesinghe
authors.forename: Heba M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Athar
authors.forename: Benedict I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Truman
mesh_terms: D000059:Accidents / Q000401:mortality; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality; D002423:Cause of Death / Q000639:trends*; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality; D009393:Nephritis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018805:Sepsis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality; D013405:Suicide / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data