title: Systemic complications of status epilepticus--An update.
abstract: Systemic complications occur at every stage of status epilepticus, involve every organ system, and may worsen outcome. Initially, there is a massive catecholamine release and hyperadrenergic state that may result in neurocardiogenic, pulmonary, and, sometimes, musculoskeletal or renal injury. Further medical complications accompany the various treatments used to abort the seizures including the use of nonanesthetic antiseizure drugs and high-dose anesthetic infusions. Later, sequelae of prolonged immobility and critical illness occur and add to the cumulative morbidity of these patients. Clinicians should follow a protocol to guide screening for early markers of systemic injury, complications of specific pharmacologic and adjunctive treatments, and periodic surveillance for complications related to prolonged immobility. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Status Epilepticus".
authors.affiliation: Division of Critical Care Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. Electronic address: Hocker.Sara@Mayo.Edu.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hocker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016638:Critical Illness; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000639:trends; D012640:Seizures / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants
keywords: Cardiac; Intensive care unit; Medical complications; Status epilepticus; Treatment