title: The effect of changes in lower incisor inclination on gingival recession.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Orthodontic treatment may promote development of recessions. The mechanism by which orthodontic treatment influences occurrence of recessions remains unclear. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that a change of mandibular incisor inclination promotes development of labial gingival recessions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study sample comprised dental casts and lateral cephalograms obtained from 109 subjects before orthodontic treatment (Tb) and after orthodontic treatment (Ta). Depending on the change of lower incisor inclination during treatment, the subjects were divided into three groups: Retroclination (R), Stable Position (S), and Proclination (P). The presence of gingival recessions of mandibular incisors and clinical crown heights were assessed on plaster models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From Tb to Ta, Inc_Incl showed a statistically significant change in the R, P, and S groups (p < 0.05). Increase of clinical crown heights of the lower incisors (42, 4, and 31) was not statistically significant in any group. The only statistically significant intergroup difference was the greater increase of the clinical crown height of tooth number 32 in the P group in comparison with the R group (p = 0.049). The change of lower incisor inclination during treatment did not lead to development of labial gingival recessions in the study sample.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kırıkkale University, 71100 Kırıkkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gulen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kamak
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kırıkkale University, 71100 Kırıkkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kamak
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kırıkkale University, 71100 Kırıkkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Keklik
authors.affiliation: Private Practice, 1386 Street, No. 7, Alsancak, 35220 İzmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hakan Gurcan
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Gurel
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor; D008297:Male; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques