title: Depigmentation and hypertrophic scars after application of a fluid lactic acid tattoo eraser.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tattoo removal is often requested by patients. The gold standard is laser tattoo removal that can be time- and cost-intensive. Therefore, safe alternatives without lasers, pain, and scars would be desirable.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We wanted to address safety of chemical tattoo erasers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a case of depigmentation and hypertrophic scars after use of a chemical tattoo eraser and searched the literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chemical tattoo erasers are not only used by physicians, but also nonmedical professionals such as beauticians, tattoo artists, and others. The case report we observed and other cases from the literature suggest that lactic acid based tattoo erasers are risky. Available safety data are unsufficient to recommend such procedure as an alternative to current laser therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chemical tattoo erasers based on lactic acid may be capable to remove tattoo ink but the procedure bears safety risks of permanent adverse effects. For the safety of patients, better regulations for tattoo erasers need to be implemented. Patients need to be informed about adverse effects by such procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Academic Teaching Hospital Dresden-Friedrichstadt, Friedrichstrasse 41, 01067, Dresden, Germany, wollina-uw@khdf.de.
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wollina
mesh_terms: D017439:Cicatrix, Hypertrophic / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017496:Hypopigmentation / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D062327:Skin Lightening Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013653:Tattooing; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D062327:Skin Lightening Preparations; D019344:Lactic Acid