title: Comparison of T1rho imaging between spoiled gradient echo (SPGR) and balanced steady state free precession (b-FFE) sequence of knee cartilage at 3T MRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the difference in T1rho profiles of the entire femoral cartilage between SPGR and b-FFE sequences at 3.0T.
  
  
  METHODS
  20 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. T1rho images of each subject were acquired with two types of pulse sequences: SPGR and b-FFE. Femoral cartilage segmentation was performed by two independent raters slice-by-slice using Matlab. Inter- and intra-observer reproducibility between the two imaging protocols was calculated. The relative signal intensity (SI) of cartilage, subchondral bone marrow, joint effusion, and the relative signal contrast between structures of the knee were quantitatively measured. The difference in T1rho values between SPGR and b-FFE sequences was statistically analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average T1rho value of the entire femoral cartilage with b-FFE was significantly higher compared to SPGR (p<0.05). The reproducibility of the segmented area and T1rho values was superior with SPGR compared to b-FFE. The inter-class correlation coefficient was 0.846 on SPGR and 0.824 on b-FFE. The intra-class correlation coefficient of T1rho values was 0.878 on SPGR and 0.836 on b-FFE. The two imaging techniques demonstrated different signal and contrast characteristics. The relative SI of fluid was significantly higher on SPGR, while the relative SI of subchondral bone was significantly higher on b-FFE (p<0.001). There were also significant differences in the relative contrast between fluid-cartilage, fluid-subchondral bone, and cartilage-subchondral bone between the two sequences (all p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We need to pay attention to differences in T1rho values between SPGR and b-FFE in clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Taiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nozaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Yasuhito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Hon J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Kayleigh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaneshiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schwarzkopf
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. Electronic address: hiroshi@uci.edu.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: 3.0T-MRI; Femoral cartilage; SPGR; T1rho; b-FFE