title: (Anti)mutagenic and immunomodulatory properties of quercetin glycosides.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (isoquercitrin) and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (rutin) are common components of a normal human diet and are increasingly used in food supplements. Here their effect on mutagenesis and immunity is shown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The in vitro (anti)mutagenic potential was compared with that of quercetin using the Ames test in Salmonella typhimurium His(-) strains TA100, TA98 and TA102. Isoquercitrin only slightly increased the number of revertants, while rutin was totally non-mutagenic. On the other hand, all compounds displayed dose-dependent protective activity against H2O2 - and tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxidative damage to the TA102 strain and at 75 µmol L(-1) inhibited H2O2/Fe(2+)-induced formation of the open circular and linear forms of the DNA plasmid pBSIISK(-). In mice, none of the flavonols (0.86 µmol day(-1), 34 days) induced harmful effects. In immunized animals, all compounds enhanced ex vivo B cell proliferation; quercetin stimulated lymphocyte basal proliferation and increased the number of IgM-producing lymphocytes. Rutin promoted NK cytotoxic activity, supported T cells and enhanced gut epithelium renewal. No effect on IgG-forming cells was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Isoquercitrin displayed negligible and rutin no mutagenicity, but both showed significant antimutagenic and DNA-protective effects against oxidative damage. In vivo, they supported the readiness of the immune system for specific humoral immune response.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Kateřina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Valentová
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Šíma
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, CZ-710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Zuzana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rybková
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jiří
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Křížan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, CZ-710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Kateřina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Malachová
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Vladimír
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Křen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016587:Antimutagenic Agents; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006027:Glycosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity / Q000187:drug effects; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016296:Mutagenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D011794:Quercetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012431:Rutin / Q000494:pharmacology; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium
chemical_list: D016587:Antimutagenic Agents; D006027:Glycosides; D007155:Immunologic Factors; C016527:isoquercitrin; D012431:Rutin; D011794:Quercetin
keywords: (anti)mutagenicity; antibody formation; cytotoxic activity; lymphoid cell proliferation; mice; quercetin glycosides