title: Different Dynamic Patterns of β-Lactams, Quinolones, Glycopeptides and Macrolides on Mouse Gut Microbial Diversity.
abstract: The adverse impact of antibiotics on the gut microbiota has attracted extensive interest, particularly due to the development of microbiome research techniques in recent years. However, a direct comparison of the dynamic effects of various types of antibiotics using the same animal model has not been available. In the present study, we selected six antibiotics from four categories with the broadest clinical usage, namely, β-lactams (Ceftriaxone Sodium, Cefoperazone/Sulbactam and meropenem), quinolones (ofloxacin), glycopeptides (vancomycin), and macrolides (azithromycin), to treat BALB/c mice. Stool samples were collected during and after the administration of antibiotics, and microbial diversity was analyzed through Illumina sequencing and bioinformatics analyses using QIIME. Both α and β diversity analyses showed that ceftriaxone sodium, cefoperazone/sulbactam, meropenem and vancomycin changed the gut microbiota dramatically by the second day of antibiotic administration whereas the influence of ofloxacin was trivial. Azithromycin clearly changed the gut microbiota but much less than vancomycin and the β-lactams. In general, the community changes induced by the three β-lactam antibiotics showed consistency in inhibiting Papillibacter, Prevotella and Alistipes while inducing massive growth of Clostridium. The low diversity and high Clostridium level might be an important cause of Clostridium difficile infection after usage of β-lactams. Vancomycin was unique in that it inhibited Firmicutes, mainly the genus Clostridium. On the other hand, it induced the growth of Escherichia and effect lasted for months afterward. Azithromycin and meropenem induced the growth of Enterococcus. These findings will be useful for understanding the potential adverse effects of antibiotics on the gut microbiome and ensuring their better usage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China 510515.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China 510515.
authors.forename: Prabhakar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: M
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China 510515.
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China 510515.
authors.forename: Shuo-Xi
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China 510515.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China 510515.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China 510515.
authors.forename: Yi-Ran
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China 510515.
authors.forename: Hua-Fang
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of respiration, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China 510515.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China 510515.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China 510515.
authors.forename: Yun-Xia
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China 510515.
authors.forename: Guo-Xia
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China 510515.
authors.forename: Hong-Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects*; D006020:Glycopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018942:Macrolides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D015363:Quinolones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047090:beta-Lactams / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D006020:Glycopeptides; D018942:Macrolides; D015363:Quinolones; D047090:beta-Lactams