title: Multi-Contrast Imaging and Digital Refocusing on a Mobile Microscope with a Domed LED Array.
abstract: We demonstrate the design and application of an add-on device for improving the diagnostic and research capabilities of CellScope--a low-cost, smartphone-based point-of-care microscope. We replace the single LED illumination of the original CellScope with a programmable domed LED array. By leveraging recent advances in computational illumination, this new device enables simultaneous multi-contrast imaging with brightfield, darkfield, and phase imaging modes. Further, we scan through illumination angles to capture lightfield datasets, which can be used to recover 3D intensity and phase images without any hardware changes. This digital refocusing procedure can be used for either 3D imaging or software-only focus correction, reducing the need for precise mechanical focusing during field experiments. All acquisition and processing is performed on the mobile phone and controlled through a smartphone application, making the computational microscope compact and portable. Using multiple samples and different objective magnifications, we demonstrate that the performance of our device is comparable to that of a commercial microscope. This unique device platform extends the field imaging capabilities of CellScope, opening up new clinical and research possibilities.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Group in Applied Science and Technology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Zachary F
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Michael V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: D'Ambrosio
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Jared J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rulison
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Hurshal S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Nitin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sadras
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Aditya V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Gande
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Neil A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Switz
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.affiliation: Graduate Group in Applied Science and Technology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Waller
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D008853:Microscopy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D000068997:Smartphone / Q000295:instrumentation; D012984:Software