title: Gene expression profiling of porcine mammary epithelial cells after challenge with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro.
abstract: Postpartum Dysgalactia Syndrome (PDS) represents a considerable health problem of postpartum sows, primarily indicated by mastitis and lactation failure. The poorly understood etiology of this multifactorial disease necessitates the use of the porcine mammary epithelial cell (PMEC) model to identify how and to what extent molecular pathogen defense mechanisms prevent bacterial infections at the first cellular barrier of the gland. PMEC were isolated from three lactating sows and challenged with heat-inactivated potential mastitis-causing pathogens Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) for 3 h and 24 h, in vitro. We focused on differential gene expression patterns of PMEC after pathogen challenge in comparison with the untreated control by performing microarray analysis. Our results show that a core innate immune response of PMEC is partly shared by E. coli and S. aureus. But E. coli infection induces much faster and stronger inflammatory response than S. aureus infection. An immediate and strong up-regulation of genes encoding cytokines (IL1A and IL8), chemokines (CCL2, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL6) and cell adhesion molecules (VCAM1, ICAM1, and ITGB3) was explicitly obvious post-challenge with E. coli inducing a rapid recruitment and activation of cells of host defense mediated by IL1B and TNF signaling. In contrast, S. aureus infection rather induces the expression of genes encoding monooxygenases (CYP1A1, CYP3A4, and CYP1B1) initiating processes of detoxification and pathogen elimination. The results indicate that the course of PDS depends on the host recognition of different structural and pathogenic profiles first, which critically determines the extent and effectiveness of cellular immune defense after infection.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196, Dummerstorf, Germany. jaeger@fbn-dummerstorf.de.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jaeger
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 11, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany. d.bardehle@ltr.de.
authors.forename: Danilo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bardehle
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196, Dummerstorf, Germany. oster@fbn-dummerstorf.de.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oster
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196, Dummerstorf, Germany. j.guenther@fbn-dummerstorf.de.
authors.forename: Juliane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Günther
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196, Dummerstorf, Germany. murani@fbn-dummerstorf.de.
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Muráni
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196, Dummerstorf, Germany. s.wimmers@fbn-dummerstorf.de.
authors.forename: Siriluck
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ponsuksili
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196, Dummerstorf, Germany. wimmers@fbn-dummerstorf.de.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wimmers
authors.affiliation: Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Livestock Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173, Hannover, Germany. nicole.kemper@tiho-hannover.de.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kemper
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000502:physiology; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000662:veterinary; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D008413:Mastitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000502:physiology; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology