title: Valid screening questions useful to diagnose hand and forearm eczema are available in the Spanish language, a new tool for global research.
abstract: Hand eczema is an impacting cutaneous disease. Globally valid tools that help to diagnose hand and forearm eczema are required.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To validate the questions to detect hand and/or forearm eczema included in the "Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire" (NOSQ-2002) in the Spanish language.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective pilot study was conducted with 80 employees of a cleaning company and a retrospective one involving 2,546 individuals. The responses were analysed for sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values. The final diagnosis according to the patients' hospital records, the specialty care records and the physical examination was taken as gold standard. The Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) was also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sensitivity and specificity, in a worst case scenario (WC) combining both questions, were 96.5% and 66.7%, respectively, and in a per protocol (PP) analysis, were 96.5% and 75.2%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The questions validated detected eczema effectively, making this tool suitable for use e.g. in multicentre epidemiological studies or clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Dermatology Unit, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain, Mateu Orfila Occupational Health Dermatology Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martí-Margarit
authors.affiliation: North Metropolitan Research Support Unit, ICS-IDIAP Jordi Gol, Sabadell, Spain.
authors.forename: Josep M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Manresa
authors.affiliation: Insight Consulting & Research, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Herdman
authors.affiliation: Dermatology Unit, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ramon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pujol
authors.affiliation: CiSAL, Centre for Research in Occupational Health, University Pompeu Fabra. Barcelona, Spain. Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques. Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Consol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Serra
authors.affiliation: National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Mary-Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Flyvholm
authors.affiliation: Dermatology Unit, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Giménez-Arnau
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004485:Eczema / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm; D006229:Hand Dermatoses / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006796:Household Work; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: dermatitis; eczema; forearms; hands; occupation; occupational; validation; wrist