title: Mechanistic significance of the si-o-pd bond in the palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of alkenylsilanolates.
abstract: Through the combination of reaction kinetics (both catalytic and stoichiometric) and solid-state characterization of arylpalladium(II) alkenylsilanolate complexes, the intermediacy of covalent adducts containing Si-O-Pd linkages in the cross-coupling reactions of organosilanolates has been unambiguously established. Two mechanistically distinct pathways have been demonstrated: (1) transmetalation via a neutral 8-Si-4 intermediate that dominates in the cross-coupling of potassium alkenylsilanolates, and (2) transmetalation via an anionic 10-Si-5 intermediate that dominates in the cross-coupling of cesium alkenylsilanolates. Arylpalladium(II) alkenylsilanolate complexes bearing various phosphine ligands (both bidentate and monodentate) have been isolated, fully characterized, and evaluated for their kinetic competence under thermal (stoichiometric) and anionic (catalytic) conditions. Comparison of the rates for thermal and anionic activation demonstrates that intermediates containing the Si-O-Pd linkage are involved in the cross-coupling process.
authors.affiliation: Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Tymonko
authors.affiliation: Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.
authors.forename: Russell C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ambrosi
authors.affiliation: Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.
authors.forename: Scott E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Denmark
mesh_terms: D000475:Alkenes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D002384:Catalysis; D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D010165:Palladium / Q000737:chemistry*; D012821:Silanes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000475:Alkenes; D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D012821:Silanes; D010165:Palladium