title: Elevated Plasma Levels of MMP-12 Are Associated With Atherosclerotic Burden and Symptomatic Cardiovascular Disease in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) degrade extracellular matrix proteins and play important roles in development and tissue repair. They have also been shown to have both protective and pathogenic effects in atherosclerosis, and experimental studies have suggested that MMP-12 contributes to plaque growth and destabilization. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between circulating MMPs, atherosclerosis burden, and incidence of cardiovascular disease with a particular focus on type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma levels of MMP-1, -3, -7, -10, and -12 were analyzed by the Proximity Extension Assay technology in 1500 subjects participating in the SUMMIT (surrogate markers for micro- and macrovascular hard end points for innovative diabetes tools) study, 384 incident coronary cases, and 409 matched controls in the Malmö Diet and Cancer study and in 205 carotid endarterectomy patients. Plasma MMP-7 and -12 were higher in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus, increased with age and impaired renal function, and was independently associated with prevalent cardiovascular disease, atherosclerotic burden (as assessed by carotid intima-media thickness and ankle-brachial pressure index), arterial stiffness, and plaque inflammation. Baseline MMP-7 and -12 levels were increased in Malmö Diet and Cancer subjects who had a coronary event during follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The plasma level of MMP-7 and -12 are elevated in type 2 diabetes mellitus, associated with more severe atherosclerosis and an increased incidence of coronary events. These observations provide clinical support to previous experimental studies, demonstrating a role for these MMPs in plaque development, and suggest that they are potential biomarkers of atherosclerosis burden and cardiovascular disease risk.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G., E.B., A.E., P.D., G.N.F., H.B., G.Ö., M.P., J.N.); Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK (H.M.C., F.K., H.C.L., F.A., J.B.); Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK (A.C.S., K.A., F.C., K.G., D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.N., S.P., E.V.) and Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology (C.P., M.K.), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; and AstraZeneca, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Mölndal, Sweden (L.-M.G., V.S.).
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Goncalves
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G., E.B., A.E., P.D., G.N.F., H.B., G.Ö., M.P., J.N.); Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK (H.M.C., F.K., H.C.L., F.A., J.B.); Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK (A.C.S., K.A., F.C., K.G., D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.N., S.P., E.V.) and Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology (C.P., M.K.), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; and AstraZeneca, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Mölndal, Sweden (L.-M.G., V.S.).
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bengtsson
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G., E.B., A.E., P.D., G.N.F., H.B., G.Ö., M.P., J.N.); Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK (H.M.C., F.K., H.C.L., F.A., J.B.); Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK (A.C.S., K.A., F.C., K.G., D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.N., S.P., E.V.) and Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology (C.P., M.K.), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; and AstraZeneca, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Mölndal, Sweden (L.-M.G., V.S.).
authors.forename: Helen M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Colhoun
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G., E.B., A.E., P.D., G.N.F., H.B., G.Ö., M.P., J.N.); Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK (H.M.C., F.K., H.C.L., F.A., J.B.); Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK (A.C.S., K.A., F.C., K.G., D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.N., S.P., E.V.) and Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology (C.P., M.K.), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; and AstraZeneca, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Mölndal, Sweden (L.-M.G., V.S.).
authors.forename: Angela C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Shore
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G., E.B., A.E., P.D., G.N.F., H.B., G.Ö., M.P., J.N.); Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK (H.M.C., F.K., H.C.L., F.A., J.B.); Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK (A.C.S., K.A., F.C., K.G., D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.N., S.P., E.V.) and Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology (C.P., M.K.), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; and AstraZeneca, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Mölndal, Sweden (L.-M.G., V.S.).
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Palombo
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G., E.B., A.E., P.D., G.N.F., H.B., G.Ö., M.P., J.N.); Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK (H.M.C., F.K., H.C.L., F.A., J.B.); Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK (A.C.S., K.A., F.C., K.G., D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.N., S.P., E.V.) and Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology (C.P., M.K.), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; and AstraZeneca, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Mölndal, Sweden (L.-M.G., V.S.).
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Natali
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G., E.B., A.E., P.D., G.N.F., H.B., G.Ö., M.P., J.N.); Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK (H.M.C., F.K., H.C.L., F.A., J.B.); Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK (A.C.S., K.A., F.C., K.G., D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.N., S.P., E.V.) and Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology (C.P., M.K.), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; and AstraZeneca, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Mölndal, Sweden (L.-M.G., V.S.).
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Edsfeldt
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G., E.B., A.E., P.D., G.N.F., H.B., G.Ö., M.P., J.N.); Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK (H.M.C., F.K., H.C.L., F.A., J.B.); Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK (A.C.S., K.A., F.C., K.G., D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.N., S.P., E.V.) and Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology (C.P., M.K.), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; and AstraZeneca, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Mölndal, Sweden (L.-M.G., V.S.).
authors.forename: Pontus
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dunér
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G., E.B., A.E., P.D., G.N.F., H.B., G.Ö., M.P., J.N.); Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK (H.M.C., F.K., H.C.L., F.A., J.B.); Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK (A.C.S., K.A., F.C., K.G., D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.N., S.P., E.V.) and Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology (C.P., M.K.), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; and AstraZeneca, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Mölndal, Sweden (L.-M.G., V.S.).
authors.forename: Gunilla Nordin
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Fredrikson
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G., E.B., A.E., P.D., G.N.F., H.B., G.Ö., M.P., J.N.); Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK (H.M.C., F.K., H.C.L., F.A., J.B.); Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK (A.C.S., K.A., F.C., K.G., D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.N., S.P., E.V.) and Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology (C.P., M.K.), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; and AstraZeneca, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Mölndal, Sweden (L.-M.G., V.S.).
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Björkbacka
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G., E.B., A.E., P.D., G.N.F., H.B., G.Ö., M.P., J.N.); Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK (H.M.C., F.K., H.C.L., F.A., J.B.); Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK (A.C.S., K.A., F.C., K.G., D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.N., S.P., E.V.) and Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology (C.P., M.K.), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; and AstraZeneca, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Mölndal, Sweden (L.-M.G., V.S.).
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Östling
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G., E.B., A.E., P.D., G.N.F., H.B., G.Ö., M.P., J.N.); Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK (H.M.C., F.K., H.C.L., F.A., J.B.); Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK (A.C.S., K.A., F.C., K.G., D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.N., S.P., E.V.) and Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology (C.P., M.K.), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; and AstraZeneca, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Mölndal, Sweden (L.-M.G., V.S.).
authors.forename: Kunihiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aizawa
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G., E.B., A.E., P.D., G.N.F., H.B., G.Ö., M.P., J.N.); Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK (H.M.C., F.K., H.C.L., F.A., J.B.); Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK (A.C.S., K.A., F.C., K.G., D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.N., S.P., E.V.) and Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology (C.P., M.K.), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; and AstraZeneca, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Mölndal, Sweden (L.-M.G., V.S.).
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Casanova
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G., E.B., A.E., P.D., G.N.F., H.B., G.Ö., M.P., J.N.); Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK (H.M.C., F.K., H.C.L., F.A., J.B.); Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK (A.C.S., K.A., F.C., K.G., D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.N., S.P., E.V.) and Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology (C.P., M.K.), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; and AstraZeneca, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Mölndal, Sweden (L.-M.G., V.S.).
authors.forename: Margaretha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Persson
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G., E.B., A.E., P.D., G.N.F., H.B., G.Ö., M.P., J.N.); Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK (H.M.C., F.K., H.C.L., F.A., J.B.); Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK (A.C.S., K.A., F.C., K.G., D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.N., S.P., E.V.) and Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology (C.P., M.K.), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; and AstraZeneca, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Mölndal, Sweden (L.-M.G., V.S.).
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gooding
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G., E.B., A.E., P.D., G.N.F., H.B., G.Ö., M.P., J.N.); Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK (H.M.C., F.K., H.C.L., F.A., J.B.); Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK (A.C.S., K.A., F.C., K.G., D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.N., S.P., E.V.) and Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology (C.P., M.K.), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; and AstraZeneca, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Mölndal, Sweden (L.-M.G., V.S.).
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Strain
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G., E.B., A.E., P.D., G.N.F., H.B., G.Ö., M.P., J.N.); Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK (H.M.C., F.K., H.C.L., F.A., J.B.); Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK (A.C.S., K.A., F.C., K.G., D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.N., S.P., E.V.) and Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology (C.P., M.K.), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; and AstraZeneca, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Mölndal, Sweden (L.-M.G., V.S.).
authors.forename: Faisel
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G., E.B., A.E., P.D., G.N.F., H.B., G.Ö., M.P., J.N.); Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK (H.M.C., F.K., H.C.L., F.A., J.B.); Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK (A.C.S., K.A., F.C., K.G., D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.N., S.P., E.V.) and Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology (C.P., M.K.), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; and AstraZeneca, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Mölndal, Sweden (L.-M.G., V.S.).
authors.forename: Helen C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Looker
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G., E.B., A.E., P.D., G.N.F., H.B., G.Ö., M.P., J.N.); Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK (H.M.C., F.K., H.C.L., F.A., J.B.); Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK (A.C.S., K.A., F.C., K.G., D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.N., S.P., E.V.) and Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology (C.P., M.K.), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; and AstraZeneca, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Mölndal, Sweden (L.-M.G., V.S.).
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G., E.B., A.E., P.D., G.N.F., H.B., G.Ö., M.P., J.N.); Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK (H.M.C., F.K., H.C.L., F.A., J.B.); Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK (A.C.S., K.A., F.C., K.G., D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.N., S.P., E.V.) and Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology (C.P., M.K.), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; and AstraZeneca, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Mölndal, Sweden (L.-M.G., V.S.).
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Belch
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G., E.B., A.E., P.D., G.N.F., H.B., G.Ö., M.P., J.N.); Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK (H.M.C., F.K., H.C.L., F.A., J.B.); Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK (A.C.S., K.A., F.C., K.G., D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.N., S.P., E.V.) and Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology (C.P., M.K.), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; and AstraZeneca, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Mölndal, Sweden (L.-M.G., V.S.).
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pinnoli
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G., E.B., A.E., P.D., G.N.F., H.B., G.Ö., M.P., J.N.); Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK (H.M.C., F.K., H.C.L., F.A., J.B.); Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK (A.C.S., K.A., F.C., K.G., D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.N., S.P., E.V.) and Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology (C.P., M.K.), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; and AstraZeneca, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Mölndal, Sweden (L.-M.G., V.S.).
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Venturi
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G., E.B., A.E., P.D., G.N.F., H.B., G.Ö., M.P., J.N.); Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK (H.M.C., F.K., H.C.L., F.A., J.B.); Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK (A.C.S., K.A., F.C., K.G., D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.N., S.P., E.V.) and Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology (C.P., M.K.), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; and AstraZeneca, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Mölndal, Sweden (L.-M.G., V.S.).
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kozakova
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G., E.B., A.E., P.D., G.N.F., H.B., G.Ö., M.P., J.N.); Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK (H.M.C., F.K., H.C.L., F.A., J.B.); Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK (A.C.S., K.A., F.C., K.G., D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.N., S.P., E.V.) and Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology (C.P., M.K.), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; and AstraZeneca, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Mölndal, Sweden (L.-M.G., V.S.).
authors.forename: Li-Ming
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G., E.B., A.E., P.D., G.N.F., H.B., G.Ö., M.P., J.N.); Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK (H.M.C., F.K., H.C.L., F.A., J.B.); Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK (A.C.S., K.A., F.C., K.G., D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.N., S.P., E.V.) and Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology (C.P., M.K.), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; and AstraZeneca, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Mölndal, Sweden (L.-M.G., V.S.).
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schnecke
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G., E.B., A.E., P.D., G.N.F., H.B., G.Ö., M.P., J.N.); Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK (H.M.C., F.K., H.C.L., F.A., J.B.); Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK (A.C.S., K.A., F.C., K.G., D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.N., S.P., E.V.) and Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology (C.P., M.K.), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; and AstraZeneca, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Mölndal, Sweden (L.-M.G., V.S.). Jan.Nilsson@med.lu.se.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nilsson
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000201:enzymology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000201:enzymology*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000097:blood; D053506:Matrix Metalloproteinase 10 / Q000097:blood; D053508:Matrix Metalloproteinase 12 / Q000097:blood*; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000097:blood; D020783:Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 / Q000097:blood; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000201:enzymology; D059289:Vascular Stiffness
chemical_list: D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; D053506:Matrix Metalloproteinase 10; D020783:Matrix Metalloproteinase 7; D053508:Matrix Metalloproteinase 12; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1
keywords: atherosclerosis; cardiovascular disease; diabetes; matrix metalloproteinase