title: Analysis of Out Door Patients' Prescriptions According to World Health Organization (WHO) Prescribing Indicators Among Private Hospitals in Western India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prescription is document through which doctor, patient and pharmacist are communicated. Many a times if these documents are not properly written or misinterpreted it can affect management of patients. WHO established prescribing indicators to analyse prescription and promoted rational use of drugs and better management of patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the prescription pattern according to WHO prescribing indicators among private hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  The observational, prospective study carried out at different private hospitals at metro city in Western India to study the prescription pattern among private hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study was conducted at different private hospitals of metro city. A total of 250 prescriptions of outdoor patients from various departments of private hospitals were collected for a period of three months (August to October) 2012 and evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was analysed using Z-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient details like age and gender was not written in all (100%) prescriptions. It was noticed that dose, direction of drug and duration of treatment was not completely written in 90%, 74% and 80% of prescriptions respectively. Abbreviations were used in all (100%) prescriptions. Doctor's medical registration number was mentioned in 0% prescriptions. Total 869 drugs were prescribed in 250 prescriptions. Average number of drug prescribed was 3.38±1.79 (Mean±SD). It was reported that Group II (3 to 4 encoutner) was significantly higher as compared to Group I (less than or equal to 2 encoutner) and Group III( more than four encounter). It was significantly (p<0.05) prescribed brand name prescriptions (93.33%) as compared to generic name prescriptions (6.7%). Percentage of encounter with antibiotics and injections was 54% and 18% respectively. Approximately 70% drugs were prescribed according to Essential Medicine List (EML) of State. Antibiotics accounted 30% of prescribed drugs which was significantly higher as compared to other group of prescribed drugs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study revealed that prescription errors were most commonly observed at private hospitals and antibiotics was commonly prescribed in private sector. Therefore, strict policy to good prescribing practice and strict antibiotic policy in outdoor patients are required to promote rational use of drugs.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, P.D.U. Govt. Medical College , Rajkot, Gujarat, India .
authors.forename: Prakash R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Shelat
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, BLDEU's Shri B. M. Patil Medical College , Bijapur, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Shivaprasad Kalakappa
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kumbar
keywords: Antibiotics; Essential medicines; Private practitioners