title: Replacement of fish oil with a DHA-rich algal meal derived from Schizochytrium sp. on the fatty acid and persistent organic pollutant levels in diets and flesh of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, L.) post-smolts.
abstract: The replacement of fish oil (FO) with a DHA-rich Schizochytrium sp. algal meal (AM) at two inclusion levels (11% and 5.5% of diet) was tested in Atlantic salmon post-smolts compared to fish fed a FO diet of northern (NFO) or southern hemisphere (SFO) origin. Fish were preconditioned prior to the 19-week experimental feeding period to reduce long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) and persistent organic pollutant levels (POPs). Dietary POP levels differed significantly between treatments in the order of NFO>SFO>11 AM/5.5 AM and were subsequently reflected in the flesh. Fish fed the 11 AM diet contained similar DHA levels (g 100 g(-1) flesh) to FO-fed fish, despite percentage differences. However, the low levels of EPA in the diets and flesh of algal-fed fish compromised the overall nutritional value to the final consumer. Nevertheless, further developments in microalgae culture offer a promising alternative lipid source of LC-PUFA to FO in salmon feeds that warrants further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK. Electronic address: matthew.sprague@stir.ac.uk.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sprague
authors.affiliation: BioMar Ltd., North Shore Road, Grangemouth Docks, Grangemouth FK3 8UL, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walton
authors.affiliation: BioMar Ltd., North Shore Road, Grangemouth Docks, Grangemouth FK3 8UL, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Strachan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Dick
authors.affiliation: Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Bell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D058086:Microalgae / Q000737:chemistry*; D009753:Nutritive Value; D011786:Quality Control; D020317:Salmo salar; D017747:Seafood / Q000032:analysis*; D058009:Stramenopiles / Q000737:chemistry; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D005395:Fish Oils; D014873:Water Pollutants; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid
keywords: Atlantic salmon; DL-PCBs; Docosahexaenoic acid (PubChem CID: 445580); Eicosapentaenoic acid (PubChem CID: 446284); Fatty acids; Fish oil replacement; PBDEs; PCDD/Fs; Persistent organic pollutants (POPs); Salmo salar; Schizochytrium sp. algal-meal