title: Pseudomonas moraviensis subsp. stanleyae, a bacterial endophyte of hyperaccumulator Stanleya pinnata, is capable of efficient selenite reduction to elemental selenium under aerobic conditions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify bacteria with high selenium tolerance and reduction capacity for bioremediation of wastewater and nanoselenium particle production.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A bacterial endophyte was isolated from the selenium hyperaccumulator Stanleya pinnata (Brassicaceae) growing on seleniferous soils in Colorado, USA. Based on fatty acid methyl ester analysis and multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) using 16S rRNA, gyrB, rpoB and rpoD genes, the isolate was identified as a subspecies of Pseudomonas moraviensis (97.3% nucleotide identity) and named P. moraviensis stanleyae. The isolate exhibited extreme tolerance to SeO3(2-) (up to 120 mmol l(-1)) and SeO4(2-) (>150 mmol l(-1)). Selenium oxyanion removal from growth medium was measured by microchip capillary electrophoresis (detection limit 95 nmol l(-1) for SeO3(2-) and 13 nmol l(-1) for SeO4(2-)). Within 48 h, P. moraviensis stanleyae aerobically reduced SeO3(2-) to red Se(0) from 10 mmol l(-1) to below the detection limit (removal rate 0.27 mmol h(-1) at 30 °C); anaerobic SeO3(2-) removal was slower. No SeO4(2-) removal was observed. Pseudomonas moraviensis stanleyae stimulated the growth of crop species Brassica juncea by 70% with no significant effect on Se accumulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pseudomonas moraviensis stanleyae can tolerate extreme levels of selenate and selenite and can deplete high levels of selenite under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pseudomonas moraviensis subsp. stanleyae may be useful for stimulating plant growth and for the treatment of Se-laden wastewater.
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.|UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, The Netherlands.|Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, UPEM, Marne-la-Vallée, Cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Staicu
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Ackerson
authors.affiliation: VIB Department of Structural Biology, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Research Group Microbiology, Vrije Universiteit, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cornelis
authors.affiliation: VIB Department of Structural Biology, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Research Group Microbiology, Vrije Universiteit, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Berendsen
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Noblitt
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.affiliation: UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Cappa
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Montenieri
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry and Microbiology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Musilova
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry and Microbiology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sura-de Jong
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, UPEM, Marne-la-Vallée, Cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: van Hullebusch
authors.affiliation: UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P N L
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Lens
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
authors.forename: R J B
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
authors.forename: E A H
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Pilon-Smits
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D019607:Brassicaceae / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D060026:Endophytes / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D020887:Selenious Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D012643:Selenium / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D020887:Selenious Acid; D012643:Selenium
keywords: Pseudomonas moraviensis; Stanleya pinnata; aerobic selenite reduction; elemental selenium nanoparticles; microchip capillary electrophoresis; multi-locus sequence analysis