title: The enduring effects of early-childhood adversities and troubled sleep among Canadian adults: a population-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although many studies have consistently found that early-childhood adversities are important risk factors for physical and mental health problems later in adulthood, few have examined the association between early-childhood adversities and troubled sleep. The objective of this study was to examine the association between early-childhood adversities and troubled sleep among adult Canadians.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data for this paper (N = 19,349) were obtained from Statistics Canada's 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health (CCHS-MH). Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between early childhood adversities and troubled sleep, while accounting for various sociodemographic, socioeconomic, health, and mental health factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 19,349 respondents examined, 2748 representing 14.2% had troubled sleep. Controlling for sociodemographic, socioeconomic, health, and mental health factors, it was observed that for each additional childhood adversity experienced, the odds of having troubled sleep increased by 10% (odds ratio = 1.10, p <0.001, 95% confidence interval = 1.07-1.13). In addition, psychological distress, older age, being female, being unmarried, being white, a lower annual income, chronic pain, poor perceived health, and mental health difficulties were associated with troubled sleep.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this paper provide population-based evidence for childhood adversities as a major predictor of troubled sleep in adulthood. The long-standing effects of these adversities on sleep highlight the importance of early detection, such as consistent assessment of sleep habits for children, adolescents, and adults, who have experienced childhood adversities, in health and mental health settings.
authors.affiliation: Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1V4. Electronic address: philip.baiden@mail.utoronto.ca.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Baiden
authors.affiliation: Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1V4.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fallon
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean Jacques Lussier, Vanier Hall, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5.
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: den Dunnen
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, Social Science Centre, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C2.
authors.forename: Godfred Odei
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Boateng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054523:Adult Survivors of Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002170:Canada; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020919:Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Canada; Early-childhood adversities; Health; Mental health; Troubled sleep