title: GC-MS based targeted metabolic profiling identifies changes in the wheat metabolome following deoxynivalenol treatment.
abstract: Fusariumgraminearumand related species commonly infest grains causing the devastating plant disease Fusarium head blight (FHB) and the formation of trichothecene mycotoxins. The most relevant toxin is deoxynivalenol (DON), which acts as a virulence factor of the pathogen. FHB is difficult to control and resistance to this disease is a polygenic trait, mainly mediated by the quantitative trait loci (QTL)Fhb1andQfhs.ifa-5A. In this study we established a targeted GC-MS based metabolomics workflow comprising a standardized experimental setup for growth, treatment and sampling of wheat ears and subsequent GC-MS analysis followed by data processing and evaluation of QC measures using tailored statistical and bioinformatics tools. This workflow was applied to wheat samples of six genotypes with varying levels ofFusariumresistance, treated with either DON or water, and harvested 0, 12, 24, 48 and 96 h after treatment. The results suggest that the primary carbohydrate metabolism and transport, the citric acid cycle and the primary nitrogen metabolism of wheat are clearly affected by DON treatment. Most importantly significantly elevated levels of amino acids and derived amines were observed. In particular, the concentrations of the three aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan increased. No clear QTL specific difference in the response could be observed except a generally faster increase in shikimate pathway intermediates in genotypes containingFhb1. The overall workflow proved to be feasible and facilitated to obtain a more comprehensive picture on the effect of DON on the central metabolism of wheat.
authors.affiliation: Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Center for Analytical Chemistry and Institute for Biotechnology in Plant Production, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Benedikt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Warth
authors.affiliation: Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Center for Analytical Chemistry and Institute for Biotechnology in Plant Production, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parich
authors.affiliation: Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Center for Analytical Chemistry and Institute for Biotechnology in Plant Production, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bueschl
authors.affiliation: Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Center for Analytical Chemistry and Institute for Biotechnology in Plant Production, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schoefbeck
authors.affiliation: Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Center for Analytical Chemistry and Institute for Biotechnology in Plant Production, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Nora Katharina Nicole
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.affiliation: Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Center for Analytical Chemistry and Institute for Biotechnology in Plant Production, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kluger
authors.affiliation: Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Center for Analytical Chemistry and Institute for Biotechnology in Plant Production, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.affiliation: Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Center for Analytical Chemistry and Institute for Biotechnology in Plant Production, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krska
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.affiliation: Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Center for Analytical Chemistry and Institute for Biotechnology in Plant Production, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lemmens
authors.affiliation: Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Center for Analytical Chemistry and Institute for Biotechnology in Plant Production, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schuhmacher
keywords: Deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin); Fusarium head blight (scab); Metabolism; Metabolomics; Phenylpropanoids; Plant–pathogen interaction; Wheat (Triticum aestivum)