title: Historical Outbreaks of Simian Hemorrhagic Fever in Captive Macaques Were Caused by Distinct Arteriviruses.
abstract: Simian hemorrhagic fever (SHF) is lethal for macaques. Based on clinical presentation and serological diagnosis, all reported SHF outbreaks were thought to be caused by different strains of the same virus, simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV; Arteriviridae). Here we show that the SHF outbreaks in Sukhumi in 1964 and in Alamogordo in 1989 were caused not by SHFV but by two novel divergent arteriviruses. Our results indicate that multiple divergent simian arteriviruses can cause SHF.
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2813-3705
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lauck
authors.affiliation: D. I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Sergey V
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6913-5841
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Alkhovsky
authors.affiliation: Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Yīmíng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bào
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Adam L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.affiliation: Scientific-Research Institute of Experimental Pathology and Therapy, Abkhazian Academy of Sciences, Sukhumi, Georgia.
authors.forename: Zinaida V
authors.initials: ZV
authors.lastname: Shevtsova
authors.affiliation: D. I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexey M
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1842-3899
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Shchetinin
authors.affiliation: D. I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Tatyana V
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6963-8681
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Vishnevskaya
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew G
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2174-9630
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Lackemeyer
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0275-2148
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Postnikova
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9349-338X
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mazur
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9846-0846
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.affiliation: United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Sheli R
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8976-8056
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Radoshitzky
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Friedrich
authors.affiliation: Scientific-Research Institute of Medical Primatology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Sochi, Russia.
authors.forename: Boris A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Lapin
authors.affiliation: D. I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Petr G
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-9554
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Deriabin
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9775-3724
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Jahrling
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Tony L
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3962-4913
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: David H
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2139-470X
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA kuhnjens@mail.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Jens H
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7800-6045
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kuhn
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D018018:Arterivirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D018174:Arterivirus Infections / Q000266:history / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006482:Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral / Q000266:history / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D008251:Macaca / Q000821:virology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D018419:Primate Diseases / Q000266:history / Q000821:virology*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins