title: Multifaceted roles of FHY3 and FAR1 in light signaling and beyond.
abstract: FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYLS3 (FHY3) and FAR-RED-IMPAIRED RESPONSE1 (FAR1), initially identified as crucial components of phytochrome A (phyA)-mediated far-red (FR) light signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana, are the founding members of the FAR1-related sequence (FRS) family of transcription factors present in most angiosperms. These proteins share extensive similarity with the Mutator-like transposases, indicative of their evolutionary history of 'molecular domestication'. Here we review emerging multifaceted roles of FHY3/FAR1 in diverse developmental and physiological processes, including UV-B signaling, circadian clock entrainment, flowering, chloroplast biogenesis, chlorophyll biosynthesis, programmed cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, and branching. The domestication of FHY3/FAR1 may enable angiosperms to better integrate various endogenous and exogenous signals for coordinated regulation of growth and development, thus enhancing their fitness and adaptation.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China. Electronic address: wanghaiyang@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Haiyang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000378:metabolism; D057906:Circadian Clocks; D035264:Flowers / Q000254:growth & development; D017343:Genes, Plant; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D010834:Phytochrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C120919:FAR1 protein, Arabidopsis; C452847:FHY3 protein, Arabidopsis; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D010834:Phytochrome; D002734:Chlorophyll
keywords: FAR1; FHY3; FRS gene family; Mutator-like transposase; molecular domestication