title: A genotoxic analysis of the hematopoietic system after mobile phone type radiation exposure in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In our earlier study we reported that 900 MHz continuous wave (CW) radiofrequency radiation (RFR) exposure (2 W/kg specific absorption rate [SAR]) had no significant effect on the hematopoietic system of rats. In this paper we extend the scope of the previous study by testing for possible effects at: (i) different SAR levels; (ii) both 900 and 1800 MHz, and; (iii) both CW and pulse modulated (PM) RFR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Excised long bones from rats were placed in medium and RFR exposed in (i) a Transverse Electromagnetic (TEM) cell or (ii) a waveguide. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) numerical analyses were used to estimate forward power needed to produce nominal SAR levels of 2/10 and 2.5/12.4 W/kg in the bone marrow. After exposure, the lymphoblasts were extracted and assayed for proliferation rate, and genotoxicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our data did not indicate any significant change in these end points for any combination of CW/PM exposure at 900/1800 MHz at SAR levels of nominally 2/10 W/kg or 2.5/12.4 W/kg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No significant changes were observed in the hematopoietic system of rats after the exposure of CW/PM wave 900 MHz/1800 MHz RF radiations at different SAR values.
authors.affiliation: a Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, Victoria , Australia.
authors.forename: Gaurav
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: a Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, Victoria , Australia.
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: McIntosh
authors.affiliation: a Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, Victoria , Australia.
authors.forename: Vitas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: a Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, Victoria , Australia.
authors.forename: Ray J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.affiliation: a Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, Victoria , Australia.
authors.forename: Andrew W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Wood
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D040421:Cell Phone; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D008297:Male; D008872:Microwaves; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D000069079:Radiation Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
keywords: DNA damage; Mobile phones; comet assay; hematopoietic cells; proliferation; radiation physics; radiofrequency radiation