title: Investigation of the Anti-Melanogenic and Antioxidant Characteristics of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Flower Essential Oil and Determination of Its Chemical Composition.
abstract: The effects of essential oil from Eucalyptus camaldulensis flowers oil on melanogenesis and the oil's antioxidant characteristics were investigated. Assays of mushroom and cellular tyrosinase activities and melanin content of mouse melanoma cells were performed spectrophotometrically, and the expression of melanogenesis-related proteins was determined by Western blotting. The possible signaling pathways involved in essential oil-mediated depigmentation were also investigated using specific protein kinase inhibitors. The results revealed that E. camaldulensis flower essential oil effectively suppresses intracellular tyrosinase activity and decreases melanin amount in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. The essential oil also exhibits antioxidant properties and effectively decreases intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The volatile chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The chemical constituents in the essential oil are predominately oxygenated monoterpenes (34.9%), followed by oxygenated sesquiterpenes (31.8%), monoterpene hydrocarbons (29.0%) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (4.3%). Our results indicated that E. camaldulensis flower essential oil inhibits melanogenesis through its antioxidant properties and by down-regulating both mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathways. The present study indicates that the essential oil has the potential to be developed into a skin care product.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan. lchuang@mail.cmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Huey-Chun
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Cosmetology & Master Program of Cosmetic Sciences, Hungkuang University, No. 1018, Section 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung 43302, Taiwan. tabo2545@yahoo.com.tw.
authors.forename: Ya-Chi
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Cosmetology & Master Program of Cosmetic Sciences, Hungkuang University, No. 1018, Section 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung 43302, Taiwan. jiajia2008@hotmail.my.
authors.forename: Jia-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Cosmetology & Master Program of Cosmetic Sciences, Hungkuang University, No. 1018, Section 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung 43302, Taiwan. tzuyun1688@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tzu-Yun
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Division of Wood Cellulose, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, No. 53, Nanhai Road, Zhongzheng District, Taipei 10066, Taiwan. hochenlung@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chen-Lung
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Cosmetology & Master Program of Cosmetic Sciences, Hungkuang University, No. 1018, Section 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung 43302, Taiwan. ctm@sunrise.hk.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Tsong-Min
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005052:Eucalyptus / Q000737:chemistry*; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D008545:Melanoma / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013729:Terpenes / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013729:Terpenes