title: Lipoprotein profile, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and cardiovascular risk in hemodialysis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients; the increased risk of cardiovascular disease is due to accelerated atherosclerosis, inflammation and impaired lipoprotein metabolism. We aimed to evaluate lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and some pro-inflammatory aspects of the lipoprotein profile in dialyzed patients in order to evaluate the relationship with the accelerated atherosclerosis and vascular accidents.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 102 dialysis patients and 40 non-uremic controls, we investigated the lipoprotein plasma profile, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), ceruloplasmin and serum amyloid A protein (SAA), and followed patients for 1 year to analyze the risk of acute cardiovascular events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein plasma levels were significantly lower in uremic patients than controls, whereas CRP, SAA, ceruloplasmin, Lp-PLA2 and their ratio with apolipoprotein A1 were significantly higher. Patients with Lp-PLA2 levels >194 nmol/min/ml had more acute cardiovascular events than patients with lower values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that in dialysis subjects: (1) low-density lipoproteins show a more atherogenic phenotype than in the general population; (2) high-density lipoproteins are less anti-inflammatory; (3) Lp-PLA2 could potentially be used to evaluate cardiovascular risk.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rolla
authors.affiliation: Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, University Hospital 'Maggiore della Carità', Corso Mazzini, 18, 28100, Novara, Italy. andreanademauri@libero.it.
authors.forename: Andreana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Mauri
authors.affiliation: Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.
authors.forename: Ambra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valsesia
authors.affiliation: Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vidali
authors.affiliation: Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, University Hospital 'Maggiore della Carità', Corso Mazzini, 18, 28100, Novara, Italy.
authors.forename: Doriana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chiarinotti
authors.affiliation: Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bellomo
mesh_terms: D043203:1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002570:Ceruloplasmin / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D012306:Risk; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein; D014280:Triglycerides; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002784:Cholesterol; D002570:Ceruloplasmin; D043203:1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase
keywords: Hemodialysis; Inflammation; Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2; Lipoproteins