title: Could autonomous motivation hold the key to successfully implementing lifestyle changes in affective disorders? A multicentre cross sectional study.
abstract: There is a need for theoretically-based research on the motivational processes linked to the adoption and maintenance of an active lifestyle in people with affective disorders. Within the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) framework, we investigated the SDT tenets in people with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder by examining the factor structure of the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 (BREQ-2) and by investigating associations between motivation, the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) scores. A total of 165 patients (105 ♀) (45.6 ± 14.2 years) agreed to participate. An exploratory factor analysis demonstrated sufficient convergence with the original factor for amotivation, and external and introjected regulation. The items of identified and intrinsic regulation loaded on the same factor, which was labelled autonomous regulation. Significant correlations were found between the total IPAQ score and the subscales amotivation, external regulation, introjected regulation and autonomous regulation. The relative autonomy index (RAI) was associated with the PANAS scores. Differences in RAI were found between physically inactive and active participants. Our results suggest that in people with affective disorders the level of autonomous motivation may play an important role in the adoption and maintenance of health promoting behaviours.
authors.affiliation: KU Leuven - University of Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tervuursevest 101, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; UPC KU Leuven, Campus Kortenberg, KU Leuven - University of Leuven Department of Neurosciences KU Leuven, Leuvensesteenweg 517, 3070 Kortenberg, Belgium. Electronic address: davy.vancampfort@uc.kortenberg.be.
authors.forename: Davy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vancampfort
authors.affiliation: Psychotherapeutisch Centrum Rustenburg, Waggelwaterstraat 2, 8000 Brugge, Belgium.
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Madou
authors.affiliation: Psychiatrisch Ziekenhuis Duffel, Stationsstraat 22c, 2570 Duffel, Belgium.
authors.forename: Herman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moens
authors.affiliation: Psychiatrisch Centrum Bethanië, Andreas Vesaliuslaan 39, 2980 Zoersel, Belgium.
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: De Backer
authors.affiliation: Psychiatrisch Ziekenhuis Onze-Lieve-Vrouw, Koning Albert I laan 8, 8200 St Michiels, Brugge, Belgium.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vanhalst
authors.affiliation: Algemeen Psychiatrisch Ziekenhuis Sint-Lucia, Ankerstraat 91, 9100 Sint-Niklaas, Belgium.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Helon
authors.affiliation: Psychiatrisch Ziekenhuis Heilig Hart, Poperingseweg 16, 8900 Ieper, Belgium.
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Naert
authors.affiliation: School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rosenbaum
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Social Care, University of Greenwich, Southwood Site Avery Hill Road, Eltham, London SE9 2UG, UK.
authors.forename: Brendon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stubbs
authors.affiliation: KU Leuven - University of Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tervuursevest 101, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; UPC KU Leuven, Campus Kortenberg, KU Leuven - University of Leuven Department of Neurosciences KU Leuven, Leuvensesteenweg 517, 3070 Kortenberg, Belgium.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Probst
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Bipolar disorder; Depression; Exercise; Motivation; Physical activity