title: Evolutionary Pattern and Regulation Analysis to Support Why Diversity Functions Existed within PPAR Gene Family Members.
abstract: Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR) gene family members exhibit distinct patterns of distribution in tissues and differ in functions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the evolutionary impacts on diversity functions of PPAR members and the regulatory differences on gene expression patterns. 63 homology sequences of PPAR genes from 31 species were collected and analyzed. The results showed that three isolated types of PPAR gene family may emerge from twice times of gene duplication events. The conserved domains of HOLI (ligand binding domain of hormone receptors) domain and ZnF_C4 (C4 zinc finger in nuclear in hormone receptors) are essential for keeping basic roles of PPAR gene family, and the variant domains of LCRs may be responsible for their divergence in functions. The positive selection sites in HOLI domain are benefit for PPARs to evolve towards diversity functions. The evolutionary variants in the promoter regions and 3' UTR regions of PPARs result into differential transcription factors and miRNAs involved in regulating PPAR members, which may eventually affect their expressions and tissues distributions. These results indicate that gene duplication event, selection pressure on HOLI domain, and the variants on promoter and 3' UTR are essential for PPARs evolution and diversity functions acquired.
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China.
authors.forename: Tianyu
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9495-5451
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China.
authors.forename: Xiping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China.
authors.forename: Guosong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China ; College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China.
authors.forename: Hehe
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China.
authors.forename: Jiwen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000235:genetics; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D016335:Zinc Fingers / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors