title: Identification and antioxidant properties of polyphenols in lotus seed epicarp at different ripening stages.
abstract: In this study, polyphenols from lotus seed epicarp (PLSE) at three different ripening stages were purified by column chromatography and identified by RP-HPLC and HPLC-ESI-MS(2). The antioxidant activities of PLSE were also investigated. We found that the contents of PLSE at the green ripening stage, half ripening stage and full ripening stage are 13.08%, 10.95% and 6.73% respectively. The levels of catechin, epicatechin, hyperoside, and isoquercitrin in PLSE at the three different ripening stages were different. Moreover, the amounts of catechin and epicatechin decreased, while the contents of hyperoside and isoquercitrin increased as the seed ripened. We found that PLSE at three different ripening stages had good scavenging abilities on DPPH and ABTS(+) radicals. However, the scavenging ability decreased with maturation. Our results may be valuable with regard to the utilization of lotus seed epicarp as a functional food material.
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Institute of Applied Mycology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Landscape Architecture, Shangqiu University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China.
authors.forename: Shuang-shuang
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, 171 Carver Hall, Greensboro, NC 27411, United States.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Er-hu
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China. Electronic address: huangwen@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D000070116:Lotus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D059808:Polyphenols
keywords: Antioxidant activity; Identification; LC–ESI-MS; Lotus seed epicarp; Polyphenols