title: Relationship between circadian blood pressure variability and function of islet α and β cell in type 2 diabetes with dyssomnia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between circadian blood pressure (BP) variability and function of islet α and β cell in type 2 diabetes (T2D) with dyssomnia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with T2D were divided into dyssomnia group and non-dyssomnia group by PSQI. OGTT, insulin and glucagon-releasing test were tested, and ambulatory BP was monitored for 24 hours to compare two groups with α and β cell, circadian BP variability and fasting and post-meal BP variability. The correlation and regression analysis were made between PSQI and other indicators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In dyssomnia group, ① Glucagon, glucagon/insulin ratio and AUCG were significantly higher (P < 0.05). ② Fasting insulin (13.32 ± 4.54 mIU/L), AUCI (8.51 ± 0.54) and HOMA-IR (4.62 ± 1.11) were high (P < 0.05). But ISI (-4.27 ± 0.77) was low (P < 0.05). ③ Mean 24-hour and nighttime SBP and DBP, as well as their standard deviations and coefficients of variation, were all higher in the dyssomnia group (P < 0.05). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that PSQI score was positively related to AUCG, HOMA-IR, nighttime SBP, and negatively related to ISI and nocturnal BP fall (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dyssomnia may cause abnormal circadian BP variability through various mechanisms. Improving dyssomnia can help to better function the islet α and β cell and restore normal circadian BP variability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
authors.forename: Hui-Zhu
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
authors.forename: Miao-Yan
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
authors.forename: Chun-Yan
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
authors.forename: Ju-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Guang
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China. Electronic address: xfx22081@vip.163.com.
authors.forename: Li-Ming
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China. Electronic address: baocheng_chang1220@163.com.
authors.forename: Bao-Cheng
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D020920:Dyssomnias / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D050416:Glucagon-Secreting Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058246:Prehypertension / Q000150:complications*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D005934:Glucagon; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: Ambulatory blood pressure; Circadian rhythm; Dyssomnia; Islet α cell; Islet β cell; Type 2 diabetes