title: Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells as a strategy to improve recovery after stroke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Based on the positive results observed in experimental animal models, adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) constitute a promising therapy for stroke treatment. However, several aspects need to be clarified to identify the optimal conditions for successful clinical translation.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review focuses on AD-MSC treatment for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in experimental animal models. In addition, we will explore the optimization of treatment conditions including AD-MSC production, administration routes and therapeutic windows for their appropriate use in patients. Finally we will provide an update on clinical trials on this therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with other cell types, AD-MSCs have been less investigated in stroke studies. Currently, experimental animal models have shown safety and efficacy with this treatment after stroke. Due to several advantages of AD-MSCs, such as their abundance and accessibility, they can be considered a promising strategy for use in patients. However, many questions are still to be resolved regarding their mechanisms of action, immune system modulation and the effects of AD-MSCs on all components of the brain that may be affected after ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autónoma University of Madrid , Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid , Spain exuperio.diez@salud.madrid.org.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Fernández
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Otero-Ortega
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ramos-Cejudo
authors.forename: Berta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Frutos
authors.forename: Blanca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fuentes
authors.forename: Exuperio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Díez-Tejedor
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology / Q000637:transplantation*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology; D020127:Recovery of Function; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: adipose tissue; hemorrhagic stroke; ischemic stroke; mesenchymal stem cells