title: Amphibian (Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis) in vitro ovarian culture system to assess impact of aquatic agrochemical contaminants on female reproduction.
abstract: The present study is an attempt to screen impacts of aquatic agrochemical contaminants (acephate, atrazine and cypermethrin) on development and growth of follicles, in in vitro-cultured ovarian fragments of frog (Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis). Ovarian lobes removed surgically from gravid females were cut into small pieces and cultured in vitro in presence of graded (0.01 or 0.1 μg/ml of culture medium) concentrations of test chemicals or estradiol-17β (positive controls) or culture medium alone (controls) in quadruplicate sets at 23 ± 1 °C temperature for 20 days in a humidified sterile chamber. On 21st day, they were fixed in Bouin's fluid and used for differential follicle counting (n = 3 sets) and histology (n = 1 set). In vitro exposure of ovarian fragments to test chemicals caused a decline in previtellogenic follicles, maintenance of large yolky follicles, incorporation of brown granules into early vitellogenic follicles and decrease in follicular atresia compared to corresponding controls. These results suggest that ovarian follicles are greatly sensitive to chemical exposure during their transition from previtellogenic to vitellogenic growth phase and in vitro ovarian culture system may be used as a tool to assess the effects of aquatic agrochemical contaminants on ovarian function.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Zoology , Karnatak University , Dharwad , Karnataka , India.
authors.forename: Pancharatna A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Katti
authors.affiliation: a Department of Zoology , Karnatak University , Dharwad , Karnataka , India.
authors.forename: Manjunath G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ghodgeri
authors.affiliation: a Department of Zoology , Karnatak University , Dharwad , Karnataka , India.
authors.forename: Basavaraj B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Goundadkar
mesh_terms: D016573:Agrochemicals / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura; D001280:Atrazine / Q000633:toxicity*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000187:drug effects*; D063088:Phosphoramides / Q000633:toxicity*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000633:toxicity*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D016573:Agrochemicals; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; D063088:Phosphoramides; D011722:Pyrethrins; C017160:cypermethrin; C001969:acephate; D004958:Estradiol; D001280:Atrazine
keywords: Agrochemicals; E. cyanophlyctis; aquatic contaminants; in vitro; ovarian follicles