title: Controllable fabrication of copper phthalocyanine nanostructure crystals.
abstract: Copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) nanostructure crystals, including nanoflower, nanoribbon, and nanowire, were controllably fabricated by temperature gradient physical vapor deposition (TG-PVD) through controlling the growth parameters. In a controllable growth system with carrier gas N2, nanoflower, nanoribbon, and nanowire crystals were formed in a high-temperature zone, medium-temperature zone, and low-temperature zone, respectively. They were proved to be β-phase, coexist of α-phase and β-phase, and α-phase respectively based on x-ray diffraction results. Furthermore, ultralong CuPc nanowires up to several millimeters could be fabricated by TG-PVD without carrier gas, and they were well-aligned to form large-area CuPc nanowire crystal arrays by the Langmuir-Blodgett method. The nanostructure crystals showed unusual optical absorption spectra from the ultraviolet-visible to near-infrared range, which was explained by the diffraction and scattering caused by the wavelength-sized nanostructures. These CuPc nanostructure crystals show potential applications in organic electronic and optoelectronic devices.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process in Advanced Materials, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China. Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fangmei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Si
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Wenglong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Shaohua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yongli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Junliang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D007211:Indoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D008422:Materials Testing; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D007211:Indoles; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C015445:copper phthalocyanine