title: Role of extracellular polymeric substances from Chlorella vulgaris in the removal of ammonium and orthophosphate under the stress of cadmium.
abstract: The interactions between the soluble extracellular polymeric substances (S-EPS), bound EPS (B-EPS) of algae and heavy metal, would affect the removal of ammonium (NH4(+)-N) and orthophosphate (PO4(3-)-P) from wastewater by algae-based techniques. This study investigated the role of Cd(2+)-mediated EPS from Chlorella vulgaris on NH4(+)-N and PO4(3-)-P removal. The results showed that the removal efficiencies of NH4(+)-N and PO4(3-)-P still separately remained 62.6% and 64.9% under 1.0mg/L Cd(2+), compared to those without Cd(2+), mainly attributing to enhanced S-EPS and B-EPS contents of the algae. The increased of PS (polysaccharides) and PN (proteins, e.g., tryptophan-like and tyrosine-like components) led to accelerated interactions of Cd(2+) with PS and PN in EPS fractions, especially for B-EPS, due to a higher detected distribution of Cd(2+) (e.g., about 55.4% in B-EPS). Thus, algae-based techniques are stable treatment methods for wastewater in which NH4(+)-N and PO4(3-)-P coexist with heavy metals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China; Heavy Metal Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Ordinary Higher College in Hunan Province, PR China.
authors.forename: Biao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China; Heavy Metal Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Ordinary Higher College in Hunan Province, PR China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China; Heavy Metal Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Ordinary Higher College in Hunan Province, PR China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China; Heavy Metal Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Ordinary Higher College in Hunan Province, PR China. Electronic address: gefeixtu@sina.com.cn.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China; Heavy Metal Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Ordinary Higher College in Hunan Province, PR China.
authors.forename: Huaixian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
authors.forename: Yixuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D064751:Ammonium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D002104:Cadmium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048408:Chlorella vulgaris / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000378:metabolism*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D010710:Phosphates; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002104:Cadmium
keywords: Algae; Extracellular polymeric substances; Heavy metal; Nutrient removal