title: Long-term sequelae treatment of peripheral facial paralysis with botulinum toxin type A: Repartition and kinetics of doses used.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Botulinum toxin is a key therapeutic tool in the comprehensive treatment of peripheral facial paralysis. It fights spasms, synkinesis and overactivity of the different skin muscles responsible of facial expressions. Even though injection techniques as well as target muscles have been well identified, doses used remain quite imprecise and often not detailed muscle by muscle, further more dosage progression has not been monitored over time. Our retrospective study is the first one to refine the repartition of botulinum toxin doses on each of the relevant skin muscles and assess dosage kinetics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients were included since 2008 with a mean follow-up of 2.3years. Each patient had at least 3 injections, with a delay of 4 to 6months between each injection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean doses are indicated for each muscle injected on the paralyzed and healthy sides. Dose kinetics suggests an initial dosage increase after the first injection followed by a decrease over time. No treatment resistance was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study represents a didactic help in using botulinum toxin for sequelae of peripheral facial paralysis by providing more details on the effective mean doses for each muscle and their progression over time.
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie plastique et reconstructrice, hôpital Roger-Salengro, CHRU Lille, 2, rue E.-Laine, 59037 Lille cedex, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Risoud
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie plastique et reconstructrice, hôpital Roger-Salengro, CHRU Lille, 2, rue E.-Laine, 59037 Lille cedex, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aljudaibi
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie plastique et reconstructrice, hôpital Roger-Salengro, CHRU Lille, 2, rue E.-Laine, 59037 Lille cedex, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Duquennoy-Martinot
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie plastique et reconstructrice, hôpital Roger-Salengro, CHRU Lille, 2, rue E.-Laine, 59037 Lille cedex, France. Electronic address: pierguerreschi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guerreschi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002648:Child; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000187:drug effects*; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051381:Rats; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A
keywords: Botulinum toxin; Cinétique; Dosage; Facial palsy; Kinetics; Paralysie faciale; Posologies; Toxine botulique