title: Neuroanatomy of pars intercerebralis neurons with special reference to their connections with neurons immunoreactive for pigment-dispersing factor in the blow fly Protophormia terraenovae.
abstract: Input regions of pars intercerebralis (PI) neurons are examined by confocal and electron microscopies with special reference to their connections with neurons immunoreactive for pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) in the blow fly, Protophormia terraenovae. PI neurons are a prerequisite for ovarian development under long-day conditions. Backfills from the cardiac recurrent nerve after severance of the posterior lateral tracts labeled thin fibers derived from the PI neurons in the superior medial protocerebrum. These PI fibers were mainly synapsin-negative and postsynaptic to unknown varicose profiles containing dense-core vesicles. Backfilled fibers in the periesophageal neuropils, derived from the PI neurons or neurons with somata in the subesophageal zone, were varicose and some were synapsin-positive. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of both presynaptic and postsynaptic sites in backfilled fibers in the periesophageal neuropils. Many PDF-immunoreactive varicosities were found in the superior medial and lateral protocerebrum and double-labeling showed that 60-88 % of PDF-immunoreactive varicosities were also synapsin-immunoreactive. Double-labeling with the backfills and PDF immunocytochemistry showed that the PI fibers and PDF-immunoreactive varicosities were located close to each other in the superior medial protocerebrum. Results of triple-labeling of PI neurons, PDF-immunoreactive neurons and synapsin-immunoreactive terminals demonstrated that the synapsin-positive PDF-immunoreactive varicosities contacted the PI fibers. These data suggest that PI neurons receive synaptic contacts from PDF-immunoreactive fibers, which are derived from circadian clock neurons, of small ventral lateral neurons (previously called OL2) or posterior dorsal (PD) neurons with somata in the pars lateralis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biology, Department of Natural Sciences, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan.
authors.forename: Kouji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasuyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hase
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan. shigask@sci.osaka-cu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Sakiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shiga
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004175:Diptera / Q000502:physiology*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron / Q000379:methods*; D009445:Neuroanatomy / Q000379:methods*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Blow fly (Protophormia terraenovae); Electron microscopy; Pars intercerebralis neurons; Photoperiodism; Pigment-dispersing factor; Synapsin