title: Expression of Selenoprotein Genes Is Affected by Obesity of Pigs Fed a High-Fat Diet.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Relations of the 25 mammalian selenoprotein genes with obesity and the associated inflammation remain unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study explored impacts of high-fat diet-induced obesity on inflammation and expressions of selenoprotein and obesity-related genes in 10 tissues of pigs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma and 10 tissues were collected from pigs (n = 10) fed a corn-soy-based control diet or that diet containing 3-7% lard from weanling to finishing (180 d). Plasma concentrations (n = 8) of cytokines and thyroid hormones and tissue mRNA abundance (n = 4) of 25 selenoprotein genes and 16 obesity-related genes were compared between the pigs fed the control and high-fat diets. Stepwise regression was applied to analyze correlations among all these measures, including the previously reported body physical and plasma biochemical variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The high-fat diet elevated (P < 0.05) plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-6, leptin, and leptin receptor by 29-42% and affected (P < 0.05-0.1) tissue mRNA levels of the selenoprotein and obesity-related genes in 3 patterns. Specifically, the high-fat diet up-regulated 12 selenoprotein genes in 6 tissues, down-regulated 13 selenoprotein genes in 7 tissues, and exerted no effect on 5 genes in any tissue. Body weights and plasma triglyceride concentrations of pigs showed the strongest regressions to tissue mRNA abundances of selenoprotein and obesity-related genes. Among the selenoprotein genes, selenoprotein V and I were ranked as the strongest independent variables for the regression of phenotypic and plasma measures. Meanwhile, agouti signaling protein, adiponectin, and resistin genes represented the strongest independent variables of the obesity-related genes for the regression of tissue selenoprotein mRNA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high-fat diet induced inflammation in pigs and affected their gene expression of selenoproteins associated with thioredoxin and oxidoreductase systems, local tissue thyroid hormone activity, endoplasmic reticulum protein degradation, and phosphorylation of lipids. This porcine model may be used to study interactive mechanisms between excess fat intake and selenoprotein function.
authors.affiliation: International Center of Future Agriculture for Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China; xl20@cornell.edu zhua666@126.com.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: International Center of Future Agriculture for Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China;
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: International Center of Future Agriculture for Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China;
authors.forename: Jia-Yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China;
authors.forename: Ji-Chang
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: International Center of Future Agriculture for Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China;
authors.forename: Kang-Ning
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: International Center of Future Agriculture for Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China; Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China; and.
authors.forename: Xin-Jie
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: International Center of Future Agriculture for Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY xl20@cornell.edu zhua666@126.com.
authors.forename: Xin Gen
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Lei
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054366:Agouti Signaling Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015536:Down-Regulation; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054411:Receptors, Leptin / Q000097:blood; D052243:Resistin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051140:Selenoproteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D054366:Agouti Signaling Protein; D015850:Interleukin-6; D020738:Leptin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D054411:Receptors, Leptin; D052243:Resistin; D051140:Selenoproteins; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: high-fat diet; inflammation; obesity; pig; selenoprotein gene