title: Bortezomib in type I cryoglobulinemic vasculitis: are we acting too late?
abstract: Type II and type III cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (CV) are characterized by a deranged immune function due to concomitant chronic infections or rheumatic disorders. Conversely, type I CV is caused by plasma cell dyscrasia. Bortezomib is a proteasome inhibitor that is largely employed as a first-line treatment for multiple myeloma. The use of bortezomib in cases of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS)-related refractory type I CV has been reported in only four patients. In the current report, we discuss the efficacy of bortezomib treatment in a patient with type I CV, with a focus on the suitability and early application of this drug.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Internal Medicine and Immunology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 2) Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.forename: Corrado
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Campochiaro
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Salmaggi
authors.forename: Gaia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pagliula
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: D'Aliberti
authors.forename: Magda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marcatti
authors.forename: Moreno
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tresoldi
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Praderio
mesh_terms: D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000069286:Bortezomib / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003449:Cryoglobulinemia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005534:Foot Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008998:Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance; D009336:Necrosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D010265:Paraproteinemias / Q000150:complications; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014034:Toes / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000069286:Bortezomib