title: The Effect of Ginger (Zingiber officinalis) and Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus) Extract Supplementation on Functional Dyspepsia: A Randomised, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.
abstract: Objective. Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a frequent clinical finding in western world. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of a ginger and artichoke supplementation versus placebo in the treatment of FD. Methods. A prospective multicentre, double blind, randomized, placebo controlled, parallel-group comparison of the supplement and placebo over a period of 4 weeks was performed. Two capsules/day were supplied (before lunch and dinner) to 126 FD patients (supplementation/placebo: 65/61). Results. After 14 days of treatment, only supplementation group (SG) showed a significant amelioration (SG: α S = +1.195 MCA score units (u), P = 0.017; placebo: α P = +0.347 u, P = 0.513). The intercept (α) resulted to be significantly higher in SG than in placebo (α S - α P = +0.848 u, P < 0.001). At the end of the study, the advantage of SG versus placebo persists without variation (β S - β P = +0.077 u, P = 0.542). In SG, a significant advantage is observed for nausea (β S - β P = -0.398 u, P < 0.001), epigastric fullness (β S - β P = -0.241, P < 0.001), epigastric pain (β S - β P = -0.173 u, P = 0.002), and bloating (β S - β P = -0.167 u, P = 0.017). Conclusions. The association between ginger and artichoke leaf extracts appears safe and efficacious in the treatment of FD and could represent a promising treatment for this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Policlinico di Monza, 20900 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Attilio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giacosa
authors.affiliation: Section of Biostatistics, Neurophysiology and Psychiatry, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guido
authors.affiliation: Section of Biostatistics, Neurophysiology and Psychiatry, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grassi
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Unit, Indena, 20139 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Riva
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Unit, Indena, 20139 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Morazzoni
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Unit, Indena, 20139 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Ezio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bombardelli
authors.affiliation: Section of Human Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2720-1473
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perna
authors.affiliation: Section of Human Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Milena A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Faliva
authors.affiliation: Section of Human Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Mariangela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rondanelli