title: Effect of Eugenol against Streptococcus agalactiae and Synergistic Interaction with Biologically Produced Silver Nanoparticles.
abstract: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococci (GBS)) is an important infections agent in newborns associated with maternal vaginal colonization. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis in GBS-colonized pregnant women has led to a significant reduction in the incidence of early neonatal infection in various geographic regions. However, this strategy may lead to resistance selecting among GBS, indicating the need for new alternatives to prevent bacterial transmission and even to treat GBS infections. This study reported for the first time the effect of eugenol on GBS isolated from colonized women, alone and in combination with silver nanoparticles produced by Fusarium oxysporum (AgNPbio). Eugenol showed a bactericidal effect against planktonic cells of all GBS strains, and this effect appeared to be time-dependent as judged by the time-kill curves and viability analysis. Combination of eugenol with AgNPbio resulted in a strong synergistic activity, significantly reducing the minimum inhibitory concentration values of both compounds. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed fragmented cells and changes in bacterial morphology after incubation with eugenol. In addition, eugenol inhibited the viability of sessile cells during biofilm formation and in mature biofilms. These results indicate the potential of eugenol as an alternative for controlling GBS infections.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Km 380, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Perugini Biasi-Garbin
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Km 380, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eliane
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Saori Otaguiri
authors.affiliation: Programa Nacional de Pós Doutorado (PNPD/CAPES), Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Km 380, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre Tadachi
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9975-4627
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Morey
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Km 380, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mayara
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernandes da Silva
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Km 380, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Elisa
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Belotto Morguette
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Km 380, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: César
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Armando Contreras Lancheros
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Km 380, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kian
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Patologia, Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia Clínica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Avenida Robert Koch 60, Vila Operária, 86038-350 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Márcia Regina Eches
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Perugini
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Km 380, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gerson
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8624-795X
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nakazato
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, s/n Barão Geraldo, Caixa Postal 6154, 13085-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nelson
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Durán
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo 5790, Jardim Universitário, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Celso Vataru
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Km 380, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucy Megumi
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Km 380, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sueli Fumie
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Yamada-Ogatta