title: Exploring the role of environmental enteropathy in malnutrition, infant development and oral vaccine response.
abstract: Environmental enteropathy (EE) is a poorly defined state of intestinal inflammation without overt diarrhoea that occurs in individuals exposed over time to poor sanitation and hygiene. It is characterized pathologically by small intestine villous blunting and inflammation. In children from low-income countries, it is implicated as a cause of malnutrition, oral vaccine failure and impaired cognitive development. Here we review the search for non-invasive biomarkers to measure EE non-invasively, and assess the current evidence linking EE to malnutrition, vaccine failure and neurocognitive development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
authors.forename: Allissia A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Gilmartin
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA wap3g@virginia.edu.
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Petri
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D002657:Child Development; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D044342:Malnutrition; D014612:Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D014612:Vaccines
keywords: environmental enteropathy; oral polio vaccine; rotavirus vaccine