title: Sexual and Reproductive Health Indicators and Intimate Partner Violence Victimization Among Female Family Planning Clinic Patients Who Have Sex with Women and Men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sexual minority women are more likely than heterosexual women to have ever experienced intimate partner violence (IPV). Although IPV is associated with sexual risk and poor reproductive health outcomes among US women overall, little is known about whether IPV is related to sexual and reproductive health indicators among sexual minority women in particular.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline data from a prospective intervention trial were collected from women ages 16-29 years at 24 family planning clinics in western PA (n=3,455). Multivariable logistic regression for clustered survey data was used to compare women who have sex with men only (WSM) and women who have sex with women and men (WSWM) on (1) IPV prevalence and (2) sexual and reproductive health behaviors, outcomes, and services use, controlling for IPV. Finally, we tested the interaction of sexual minority status and IPV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  WSWM were significantly more likely than WSM to report a lifetime history of IPV (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 3.00; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.30, 3.09). Controlling for IPV, WSWM reported higher levels of sexual risk behaviors (e.g., unprotected vaginal and anal sex), male-perpetrated reproductive coercion, unwanted pregnancy, and sexually transmitted infection (STI) and pregnancy testing but less contraceptive care seeking. The association between IPV and lifetime STI diagnosis was greater among WSWM than among WSM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IPV was pervasive and associated with sexual risk and reproductive health indicators among WSWM in this clinic-based setting. Healthcare providers' sexual risk assessment and provision of sexual and reproductive health services should be informed by an understanding of women's sexual histories, including sex of sexual partners and IPV history, in order to help ensure that all women receive the clinical care they need.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Heather L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: McCauley
authors.affiliation: 2 Division of Global Public Health, University of California San Diego School of Medicine , La Jolla, California.
authors.forename: Jay G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Silverman
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Michele R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Decker
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts.|5 Center for Community-Based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Madina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Agénor
authors.affiliation: 6 Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.|7 VA Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Sonya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Borrero
authors.affiliation: 8 Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis School of Medicine , Sacramento, California.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Tancredi
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zelazny
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001727:Bisexuality; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005193:Family Planning Services; D005260:Female; D020010:Heterosexuality; D018452:Homosexuality, Female; D006801:Humans; D000066511:Intimate Partner Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D060728:Reproductive Health; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012747:Sexual Partners; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult