title: Body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and metabolic syndrome as predictors of middle-aged men's health.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is no reported evidence for an anthropometric index that might link obesity to men's sexual health. We evaluated the ability of an anthropometric index and the symptom scores of five widely used questionnaires to detect men's health problems. We determined the predictive abilities of two obesity indexes and other clinical parameters for screening for lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual dysfunction in middle-aged men.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1,910 middle-aged men were included in the study. Participants underwent a detailed clinical evaluation that included recording the symptom scores of five widely used questionnaires. The participants' body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio were determined. Serum prostate-specific antigen, urinalysis, testosterone, estimated glomerular filtration rate, evaluation of metabolic syndrome, and transrectal ultrasonography were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By use of logistic regression analysis, age and total prostate volume were independent predictors of lower urinary tract symptoms. Metabolic syndrome was the only significant negative predictive factor for chronic prostatitis symptoms. Age and metabolic syndrome were independent predictive factors for erectile dysfunction. Waist-to-hip ratio had a statistically significant value for predicting erectile dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data showed that total prostate volume is a significant predictor of lower urinary tract symptoms, and central obesity has predictive ability for erectile dysfunction. Metabolic syndrome was the only significant negative predictive factor for chronic prostatitis-like symptoms. The management of correctable factors such as waist-to-hip ratio and metabolic syndrome may be considered preventive modalities against the development of men's health problems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, National Police Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, National Police Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: In-Chang
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, National Police Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yoo Seok
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, National Police Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Soon Ki
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, National Police Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Ki
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, National Police Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: So Shin
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kye
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D015992:Body Mass Index; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D054526:Men's Health; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity; D009929:Organ Size; D011379:Prognosis; D011467:Prostate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011472:Prostatitis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D014463:Ultrasonography; D036761:Ultrasound, High-Intensity Focused, Transrectal; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
keywords: Body mass index; Lower urinary tract symptoms; Metabolic syndrome X; Physiological sexual dysfuntion; Waist-hip ratio