title: Neuroprotective effect of estradiol-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles on glutamate-induced excitotoxic neuronal death.
abstract: Different concentrations of estradiol (E2)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (E2-PLGA-NPs) were synthesized using the emulsion-diffusion method. Transmission electron microscopy results showed that the average particle size of E2-PLGA-NPs was 98 ± 1.9 nm when stabilized with polyvinyl alcohol and 103 ± 4.9 nm when stabilized with Tween-80. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy with diamond attenuated total reflectance was used to identify the presence or absence of E2 molecules in PLGA nanocapsules. Cell proliferation was assessed after treating SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells with 1 nM-1 μM of E2 and E2-PLGA-NPs. The neuroprotective efficacy against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity was also investigated in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Neuroprotection was greater in E2-PLGA-NP-treated cells than in cells treated with the same concentration of E2. Furthermore, E2- and E2-PLGA-NP-treated cells expressed more p-ERK1/2 and p-CREB than cells treated with glutamate only. Moreover, the expression of p-ERK1/2 was higher than that of p-CREB. In this study, p-ERK1/2 had a greater influence on the neuroprotective effect of E2 and E2-PLGA-NPs than p-CREB.
authors.forename: Jeong Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Gyu Hyun
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ji Heun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: In Ho
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ye Ji
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Nam Seob
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young Gil
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Je Hun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kwang Sik
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Shin Hye
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Seul Ki
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Seong Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Bo Sun
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Do Kyung
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seung Yun
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D004655:Emulsions; D004958:Estradiol / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D036103:Nanotechnology; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010316:Particle Size; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer
chemical_list: D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D004655:Emulsions; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D004958:Estradiol; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases