title: Cullin-1 promotes cell proliferation via cell cycle regulation and is a novel in prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is no reliable marker available for early detection, diagnostic confirmation, or disease prognosis available of prostate cancer (PCa). We aimed to evaluate the function of Cullin-1 and unravel its underlying molecular mechanism to develop novel treatment options equivalent to PCa.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used immunohistochemistry to analyze the correlation between Cullin-1 expression and clinicopathologic variables and patient survival. The Cullin-1 level was tested in PCa cells. The role of regulation of Cullin-1 in PCa was applied in vitro and vivo. In addition, we further investigated the signaling pathway of Cullin-1 in prostate cancer cell proliferation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We first discovered that Cullin-1 expression was upregulated in human PCa tissues and inversely related with PCa differentiation. We then found that high expression of Cullin-1 protein suggested a poor prognosis in PCa patients. Also, Cullin-1 promotes PCa cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. We then found that the mechanism of Cullin-1 regulation on cell-cycle progression is due to increased expression of p21 and p27, and decreased expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin E after Cullin-1 knockdown.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cullin-1 exerts multiple biological effects in the PCa cell line. Through promoting proliferation and by countering cisplatin-induced apoptosis, Cullin-1 has been deeply implicated in the pathogenesis and development of PCa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Haowen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Donghua
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Lianxi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Shijun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology*; D044842:Cullin Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D064593:Heterografts; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C100318:Cullin 1; D044842:Cullin Proteins
keywords: Cullin-1; diagnosis; proliferation; prostate cancer