title: (1)H MR spectroscopic imaging of the prostate at 7T using spectral-spatial pulses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the feasibility of prostate (1)H MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) using low-power spectral-spatial (SPSP) pulses at 7T, exploiting accurate spectral selection and spatial selectivity simultaneously.
  
  
  METHODS
  A double spin-echo sequence was equipped with SPSP refocusing pulses with a spectral selectivity of 1 ppm. Three-dimensional prostate (1)H-MRSI at 7T was performed with the SPSP-MRSI sequence using an 8-channel transmit array coil and an endorectal receive coil in three patients with prostate cancer and in one healthy subject. No additional water or lipid suppression pulses were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prostate (1)H-MRSI could be obtained well within specific absorption rate (SAR) limits in a clinically feasible time (10 min). Next to the common citrate signals, the prostate spectra exhibited high spermine signals concealing creatine and sometimes also choline. Residual lipid signals were observed at the edges of the prostate because of limitations in spectral and spatial selectivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is possible to perform prostate (1)H-MRSI at 7T with a SPSP-MRSI sequence while using separate transmit and receive coils. This low-SAR MRSI concept provides the opportunity to increase spatial resolution of MRSI within reasonable scan times.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Miriam W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Lagemaat
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Breukels
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Eline K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Vos
authors.affiliation: Magnetic Resonance Systems Research Lab, Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Adam B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: van Uden
authors.affiliation: Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Orzada
authors.affiliation: Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.|Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Bitz
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marnix C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Maas
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.|Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Tom W J
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Scheenen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000588:Amines / Q000737:chemistry; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011467:Prostate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D019343:Citric Acid
keywords: 7T; magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging; prostate; ultrahigh field strength