title: Adherence counseling during patient contacts in swiss community pharmacies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Numerous studies showed the effectiveness of pharmaceutical care in improving medication adherence in primary care patients. However, in daily pharmacy practice, the provision of pharmaceutical care appears to be limited. We aimed at quantifying the content of counseling by community pharmacy staff during patient contacts, especially adherence counseling, and at investigating pharmacist views about their practice of adherence counseling.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Master's student in Pharmacy observed patient contacts at selected community pharmacies in the region of Basel, Switzerland. Content of counseling was manually ticked on a checklist with predefined themes (administration, dose, effect, and adherence). Pharmacists working in the pharmacy were interviewed on triggers, topics, and barriers in adherence counseling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 20 community pharmacies and during a total of 148.1 hours, 1,866 patient contacts were observed. During the 1,476 patient contacts including the dispensing of one or more medications, counseling was provided to 799 (54.1%) patients; with 735 (49.8%) patients counseled about administration, 362 (24.5%) about dose, 267 (18.1%) about effect, and 99 (6.7%) about adherence. Significantly more patients received counseling when they obtained prescribed versus over-the-counter medication (P=0.002), a new prescription versus a repeat prescription (P<0.001), or when they were served by a pharmacist versus by another staff member (P<0.001). Of the 33 interviewed pharmacists, all except one reported actively approaching patients for adherence counseling. Triggers included medication-related and patient-related factors. The pharmacists named predominantly product-centered topics of adherence counseling. The most cited barriers were rejection of counseling by the patient and lack of time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Half of the patients receiving one or more medications were counseled, and only 6.7% of all contacts included adherence counseling. Future studies should clarify how barriers to adherence counseling at the community pharmacy can be overcome.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical care research group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Fabienne
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boeni
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical care research group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Arnet
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical care research group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Kurt E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Hersberger
keywords: community pharmacy; medication adherence; pharmaceutical care