title: Non-symbiotic N2-fixation and phosphate-solubility in Gangetic alluvial soil as influenced by pre-emergence herbicide residues.
abstract: An experiment has been conducted under laboratory conditions to investigate the effect of two pre-emergence herbicides viz., thiobencarb (at 1.5 and 4.5 kg a.i. ha(-1)) and pretilachlor (at 0.5 and 1.5 kg a.i. ha(-1)), on the changes of growth and activities of aerobic non-symbiotic N2-fixing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms in relation to availability of mineral nitrogen and soluble phosphorus in the Gangetic alluvial soil (Typic Haplustept) of West Bengal, India. Application of herbicides, in general, significantly increased growth and activities of microorganisms, resulting in greater release of available nitrogen and soluble phosphorus in soil; and the stimulation was more pronounced when the herbicides were applied at their lower concentrations (recommended field application rates), more so with thiobencarb, as compared to pretilachlor. As compared to untreated control, application of thiobencarb at lower concentration increased the proliferation of aerobic non-symbiotic N2-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms and non-symbiotic N2-fixing capacity of soil to the extent of 54.0, 44.6 and 31.7%, respectively; and accumulated the highest amount of available nitrogen (37.8%) and phosphorus (54.5%) in soil, while pretilachlor at field application rate highly induced (37.2%) phosphate-solubilizing capacity of soil. At higher concentration, pretilachlor was superior to thiobencarb in augmenting the growth and activities of phosphate-solubilizers. The results of the present study also indicated that gradual increase in concentration of the herbicides over their recommended field application rates was not much conducive for growth and activities of microorganisms, and subsequent release of nutrients in soil.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741252, India. Electronic address: acdas2@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Amal Chandra
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741252, India.
authors.forename: Ritwika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741252, India.
authors.forename: Sourav
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhowmick
mesh_terms: D000083:Acetanilides; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007194:India; D009584:Nitrogen; D009586:Nitrogen Fixation; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000633:toxicity*; D010710:Phosphates; D010758:Phosphorus; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D012995:Solubility; D013859:Thiocarbamates
chemical_list: D000083:Acetanilides; D006540:Herbicides; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D010710:Phosphates; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013859:Thiocarbamates; D010758:Phosphorus; C118050:pretilachlor; C037925:benthiocarb; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Available phosphorus; Microbial proliferation; Mineral nitrogen; N(2)-fixing capacity; Phosphate-solubility; Pre-emergence herbicide