title: A Phase I Dose-Escalation Trial of Single-Fraction Stereotactic Radiation Therapy for Liver Metastases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is significant interest in the use of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) as a treatment modality for liver metastases. A variety of SABR fractionation schemes are in clinical use. We conducted a phase I dose-escalation study to determine the maximum tolerated dose of single-fraction liver SABR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with liver metastases from solid tumors, for whom a critical volume dose constraint could be met, were treated with single-fraction SABR. Seven patients were enrolled to the first group, with a prescription dose of 35 Gy. Dose was then escalated to 40 Gy in a single fraction, and seven more patients were treated at this dose level. Patients were followed for toxicity and underwent serial imaging to assess lesion response and local control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen patients with 17 liver metastases were treated. There were no dose-limiting toxicities observed at either dose level. Nine of the 13 lesions assessable for treatment response showed a complete radiographic response to treatment; the remainder showed partial response. Local control of irradiated lesions was 100 % at a median imaging follow-up of 2.5 years. Two-year overall survival for all patients was 78 %.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For selected patients with liver metastases, single-fraction SABR at doses of 35 and 40 Gy is tolerable and shows promising signs of efficacy at intermediate follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. jeffrey.meyer@utsouthwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Jeffrey J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Naama
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lev-Cohain
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Indiana University Health Goshen Center for Cancer Care, Indiana University School of Medicine, Goshen, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Roderich E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rule
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Raquibul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hannan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Lucien
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nedzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Solberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Timmerman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D015996:Survival Rate