title: Anastrozole is a dose-specific superovulator and favors implantation in rats: a prospective study.
abstract: An alternative superovulator to replace clomiphene citrate (CC) is needed as it is unsuitable for women with polycystic ovarian syndrome and is associated with low pregnancy rates. Anastrozole is an effective superovulator, but has not been well researched. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal dose of anastrozole as a superovulator and ascertain its effects on implantation and uterine ultrastructure during early pregnancy in Wistar rats using scanning electron microscopy. The uterine morphological characteristics which were studied in day 1 and 6 pregnant rats include microvilli density, length, surface "beads", surface glycocalyx, cell borders and apices, uterine surface fording and large surface protrusions. A significant increase in implantation sites is seen in the 15 mg/kg anastrozole group, compared to control. Day 1 and 6 anastrozole groups have similar morphology to the control and different to the CC group. At day 6, large surface protrusions are mostly noted but not limited to anastrozole-treated rats; anastrozole also appears to retain glycocalyx to some extent. The increased number of implantation sites in the 15 mg/kg anastrozole group suggests that this dose superovulates and favors implantation. Anastrozole is probably dose-/species-specific and additionally the surface uterine morphology suggests that anastrozole is implantation friendly.
authors.affiliation: School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa. mwakikungaanthony@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mwakikunga
authors.affiliation: School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa.|Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia Campus, Nusajaya, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Margot J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hosie
mesh_terms: D000077384:Anastrozole; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010060:Ovulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D009570:Nitriles; D014230:Triazoles; D000077384:Anastrozole
keywords: Anastrozole; Early pregnancy; Embryo implantation; Ovulation induction; Uterine epithelium