title: Relative Abundance and Plasmodium Infection Rates of Malaria Vectors in and around Jabalpur, a Malaria Endemic Region in Madhya Pradesh State, Central India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was undertaken in two Primary Health Centers (PHCs) of malaria endemic district Jabalpur in Madhya Pradesh (Central India).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study we had investigated the relative frequencies of the different anopheline species collected within the study areas by using indoor resting catches, CDC light trap and human landing methods. Sibling species of malaria vectors were identified by cytogenetic and molecular techniques. The role of each vector and its sibling species in the transmission of the different Plasmodium species was ascertained by using sporozoite ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 52,857 specimens comprising of 17 anopheline species were collected by three different methods (39,964 by indoor resting collections, 1059 by human landing and 11,834 by CDC light trap). Anopheles culicifacies was most predominant species in all collections (55, 71 and 32% in indoor resting, human landing and light trap collections respectively) followed by An. subpictus and An. annularis. All five sibling species of An. culicifacies viz. species A, B, C, D and E were found while only species T and S of An. fluviatilis were collected. The overall sporozoite rate in An. culicifacies and An. fluviatilis were 0.42% (0.25% for P. falciparum and 0.17% for P. vivax) and 0.90% (0.45% for P. falciparum and 0.45% for P. vivax) respectively. An. culicifacies and An. fluviatilis were found harbouring both P. vivax variants VK-210 and VK-247, and P. falciparum. An. culicifacies sibling species C and D were incriminated as vectors during most part of the year while sibling species T of An. fluviatilis was identified as potential vector in monsoon and post monsoon season.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An. culicifacies species C (59%) was the most abundant species followed by An. culicifacies D (24%), B (8.7%), E (6.7%) and A (1.5%). Among An. fluviatilis sibling species, species T was common (99%) and only few specimens of S were found. Our study provides crucial information on the prevalence of An. culicifacies and An. fluviatilis sibling species and their potential in malaria transmission which will assist in developing strategic control measures against these vectors.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Research in Tribal Health (formerly known as Regional Medical Research Centre for Tribals), Nagpur Road, Garha, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Neeru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Malaria Research, ICMR, Field Station, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Ashok K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Malaria Research, ICMR, Field Station, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Sunil K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Chand
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Research in Tribal Health (formerly known as Regional Medical Research Centre for Tribals), Nagpur Road, Garha, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Praveen K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Bharti
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Malaria Research, ICMR, Field Station, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Mrigendra P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Nutan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nanda
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Om P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Research in Tribal Health (formerly known as Regional Medical Research Centre for Tribals), Nagpur Road, Garha, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Kranti
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sodagiri
authors.affiliation: Genetics and Immunology Laboratory, Malaria Branch, DPD, NCZVED, CCID, CDC, Atlanta United States of America.
authors.forename: Venkatachalam
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Udhyakumar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000469:parasitology*; D019353:Endemic Diseases; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000469:parasitology*; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000635:transmission; D016780:Malaria, Vivax / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000635:transmission; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000502:physiology*; D010966:Plasmodium vivax / Q000502:physiology*; D012621:Seasons; D034101:Sporozoites / Q000502:physiology