title: Hyperpolarized Gas MR Imaging: Technique and Applications.
abstract: Functional imaging offers information more sensitive to changes in lung structure and function. Hyperpolarized helium ((3)He) and xenon ((129)Xe) MR imaging of the lungs provides sensitive contrast mechanisms to probe changes in pulmonary ventilation, microstructure, and gas exchange. Gas imaging has shifted to the use of (129)Xe. Xenon is well-tolerated. (129)Xe is soluble in pulmonary tissue, which allows exploring specific lung function characteristics involved in gas exchange and alveolar oxygenation. Hyperpolarized gases and (129)Xe in particular stand to be an excellent probe of pulmonary structure and function, and provide sensitive and noninvasive biomarkers for pulmonary diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3808, Durham, NC 27710, USA. Electronic address: Justus.roos@duke.edu.
authors.forename: Justus E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Roos
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3808, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Holman P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: McAdams
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: S Sivaram
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kaushik
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Bastiaan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Driehuys
mesh_terms: D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D006371:Helium; D006801:Humans; D007554:Isotopes; D008168:Lung / Q000502:physiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange; D014979:Xenon Isotopes
chemical_list: D007554:Isotopes; D014979:Xenon Isotopes; D006371:Helium
keywords: Hyperpolarized gas; Lung imaging; MR imaging; Pulmonary gas exchange; Pulmonary ventilation; Xenon ((129)Xe)