title: Opiate written behavioral agreements: a case for abandonment.
abstract: Written behavioral agreements (WBAs) are gaining popularity as part of the effort to manage the alarming increase in prescription drug abuse. The rationale for increased use of WBAs in managing patients with chronic pain is that they are believed to increase adherence to agreed-upon behaviors, reduce addiction to or diversion of prescription drugs, and satisfy informed consent requirements. However, there are no high-quality data to support their widespread use in any of these areas. The evidence used to support the use of WBAs is insufficient to justify their unfairness and the high risk of harm they pose to the doctor-patient relationship. Instead, we contend that WBAs are being used to provide leverage for severing relationships with some of our most challenging patients. We propose that physicians treating patients for chronic pain abandon the use of WBAs. Alternatives include open communication, detailed informed consent processes, carefully documented discussions, and most important, commitment to ongoing relationships even with difficult patients.
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Helft
authors.forename: Jessica R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Robin J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Bandy
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000941:ethics; D055553:Prescription Drugs / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D055553:Prescription Drugs