title: The Evolution of Occupational Segregation in the United States, 1940-2010: Gains and Losses of Gender-Race/Ethnicity Groups.
abstract: The aim of this article is twofold: (1) to descriptively explore the evolution of occupational segregation of women and men of different racial/ethnic groups in the United States during 1940-2010, and (2) to assess the consequences of segregation for each group. For that purpose, in this article, we propose a simple index that measures the monetary loss or gain of a group derived from its overrepresentation in some occupations and underrepresentation in others. This index has a clear economic interpretation. It represents the per capita advantage (if the index is positive) or disadvantage (if the index is negative) of the group, derived from its segregation, as a proportion of the average wage of the economy. Our index is a helpful tool not only for academics but also for institutions concerned with inequalities among demographic groups because it makes it possible to rank them according to their segregational nature.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Economía Aplicada, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
authors.forename: Coral
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: del Río
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Alonso-Villar
mesh_terms: D005006:Ethnicity / Q000266:history* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009790:Occupations / Q000266:history / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011157:Population Dynamics; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000266:history* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D063505:Racism / Q000266:history* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012456:Salaries and Fringe Benefits / Q000266:history* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017678:Sex Distribution; D063507:Sexism / Q000266:history* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States