title: Scallop larvae hatcheries as source of bacteria carrying genes encoding for non-enzymatic phenicol resistance.
abstract: The main aim of the study was to evaluate the role of scallop hatcheries as source of the floR and cmlA genes. A number of 133 and 121 florfenicol-resistant strains were isolated from scallop larval cultures prior to their transfer to seawater and from effluent samples from 2 commercial hatcheries and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, observing a predominance of the Pseudomonas, Pseudoalteromonas and Halomonas genera and exhibiting an important incidence of co-resistance to streptomycin, oxytetracycline and co-trimoxazole. A high percentage of strains from both hatcheries carried the floR gene (68.4% and 89.3% of strains), whereas a lower carriage of the cmlA gene was detected (27.1% and 54.5% of strains). The high prevalence of floR-carrying bacteria in reared scallop larvae and hatchery effluents contributes to enrich the marine resistome in marine environments, prompting the need of a continuous surveillance of these genes in the mariculture environments.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Patobiología Acuática, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile; Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile. Electronic address: cdmirand@ucn.cl.
authors.forename: Claudio D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Patobiología Acuática, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rojas
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Antibióticos, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
authors.forename: Julieta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Geisse
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Antibióticos, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: González-Rocha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D007814:Larva / Q000382:microbiology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010118:Oxytetracycline / Q000494:pharmacology; D049897:Pectinidae / Q000382:microbiology*; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012623:Seawater; D013307:Streptomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013839:Thiamphenicol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; C035534:florfenicol; D013839:Thiamphenicol; D010118:Oxytetracycline; D013307:Streptomycin
keywords: Antimicrobial resistance; Chile; Florfenicol; Scallop hatchery; floR