title: Fluorene and Phenanthrene Uptake and Accumulation by Wheat, Alfalfa and Sunflower from the Contaminated Soil.
abstract: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are diverse organic contaminants released into the environment by both natural and anthropogenic activities. These compounds have negative impacts on plants growth and development. Although there are many reports on their existence in different parts of plant, their uptake and translocation pathways and mechanisms are not well understood yet. This paper highlights the uptake, translocation and accumulation of PAHs by wheat, sunflower and alfalfa through an experimental study under controlled conditions. Seeds were cultivated in a soil containing 50 mg/kg of phenanthrene and fluorene and their concentrations in plants roots and shoots were determined using a gas chromatograph after 7 and 14 days. The results showed that phenanthrene and fluorene concentrations in the treated plants were increased over the time. PAHs bioavailability was time and species dependent and generally, phenanthrene uptake and translocation was faster than that of fluorene, probably due to their higher Kow. Fluorene tended to accumulate in roots, but phenanthrene was transported to aerial parts of plants.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Plant Sciences , Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz , Tabriz , East Azerbaijan , Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Yahya
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Salehi-Lisar
authors.affiliation: a Department of Plant Sciences , Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz , Tabriz , East Azerbaijan , Iran.
authors.forename: Somaye
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deljoo
authors.affiliation: b Laboratory of Water Analysis, Water and Wastewater Organization , Tabriz , East Azerbaijan , Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmad Mosen
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Harzandi
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D005449:Fluorenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006368:Helianthus / Q000378:metabolism*; D000455:Medicago sativa / Q000378:metabolism*; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000378:metabolism; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D014908:Triticum / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005449:Fluorenes; D010616:Phenanthrenes; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C041509:fluorene; C031181:phenanthrene
keywords: Helianthus annus; Medicago sativa; PAHs; Triticum aestivum