title: Assessment of ventilation and indoor air pollutants in nursery and elementary schools in France.
abstract: The aim of this study was to characterize the relationship between Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) and ventilation in French classrooms. Various parameters were measured over one school week, including volatile organic compounds, aldehydes, particulate matter (PM2.5 mass concentration and number concentration), carbon dioxide (CO2 ), air temperature, and relative humidity in 51 classrooms at 17 schools. The ventilation was characterized by several indicators, such as the air exchange rate, ventilation rate (VR), and air stuffiness index (ICONE), that are linked to indoor CO2 concentration. The influences of the season (heating or non-heating), type of school (nursery or elementary), and ventilation on the IAQ were studied. Based on the minimum value of 4.2 l/s per person required by the French legislation for mechanically ventilated classrooms, 91% of the classrooms had insufficient ventilation. The VR was significantly higher in mechanically ventilated classrooms compared with naturally ventilated rooms. The correlations between IAQ and ventilation vary according to the location of the primary source of each pollutant (outdoor vs. indoor), and for an indoor source, whether it is associated with occupant activity or continuous emission.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Bobadela LRS, Portugal.|Université Paris-Est, CSTB (Scientific and Technical Building Centre), OQAI (French Indoor Air Quality Observatory), Champs sur Marne, Marne la Vallée Cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0856-8448
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Canha
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Est, CSTB (Scientific and Technical Building Centre), OQAI (French Indoor Air Quality Observatory), Champs sur Marne, Marne la Vallée Cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mandin
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Est, CSTB (Scientific and Technical Building Centre), OQAI (French Indoor Air Quality Observatory), Champs sur Marne, Marne la Vallée Cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ramalho
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Est, CSTB (Scientific and Technical Building Centre), OQAI (French Indoor Air Quality Observatory), Champs sur Marne, Marne la Vallée Cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wyart
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Est, CSTB (Scientific and Technical Building Centre), OQAI (French Indoor Air Quality Observatory), Champs sur Marne, Marne la Vallée Cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ribéron
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Est, CSTB (Scientific and Technical Building Centre), OQAI (French Indoor Air Quality Observatory), Champs sur Marne, Marne la Vallée Cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dassonville
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hänninen
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Bobadela LRS, Portugal.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Est, CSTB (Scientific and Technical Building Centre), OQAI (French Indoor Air Quality Observatory), Champs sur Marne, Marne la Vallée Cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Derbez
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D000447:Aldehydes / Q000032:analysis; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005602:France; D006813:Humidity; D009724:Nurseries, Infant; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis; D012574:Schools; D012621:Seasons; D013696:Temperature; D014691:Ventilation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D000447:Aldehydes; D052638:Particulate Matter; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; D002245:Carbon Dioxide
keywords: Air stuffiness index; Aldehydes; CO
  2; Particulate matter; Volatile organic compounds