title: Comparative Evaluation of Different Test Combinations for Diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Infecting Dairy Herds in India.
abstract: A total of 355 cows were sampled (serum, n = 315; faeces, n = 355; milk, n = 209) from dairy farms located in the Punjab state of India. Faeces and serum/milk samples were screened by acid fast staining and "indigenous ELISA," respectively. IS900 PCR was used to screen faeces and milk samples. Bio-load of MAP in dairy cows was 36.9, 15.6, 16.3, and 14.4%, using microscopy, serum ELISA, milk ELISA and milk PCR, respectively. Estimated kappa values between different test combinations: serum and milk ELISA, faecal microscopy and faecal PCR, milk ELISA and milk PCR, faecal PCR and serum ELISA were 0.325, 0.241, 0.682, and 0.677, respectively. Estimation of the relative sensitivity and specificity of different tests in the present study indicated that "serum ELISA" and "milk ELISA" were good screening tests, add "milk PCR" was "confirmatory test" for MAP infection. Combination of milk ELISA with milk PCR may be adopted as a model strategy for screening and diagnosis of JD in lactating/dairy cattle herds in Indian conditions.
authors.affiliation: Animal Disease Research Centre, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India.
authors.forename: Rajni
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Animal Health Division, Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture (CIBA), 75 Santhome High Road, R.A. Puram, Chennai 600028, India.
authors.forename: Prasanna Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Laboratory, Animal Health Division, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, P.O. Farah, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281122, India.
authors.forename: Shoor Vir
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9619-7597
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India.
authors.forename: Shukriti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
authors.forename: Ravi Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Gandham
authors.affiliation: National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (NJIL & OMD), Tajganj, Agra, Uttar Pradesh 282001, India.
authors.forename: Ajay Vir
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Animal Disease Research Centre, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India.
authors.forename: Gurusimiran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Filia
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India.
authors.forename: Pravin Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Rajasthan, Kant Kalwar, NH-11C Delhi-Jaipur Highway, Jaipur 303 002, India.
authors.forename: Sujata
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jayaraman
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Laboratory, Animal Health Division, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, P.O. Farah, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281122, India.
authors.forename: Saurabh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Laboratory, Animal Health Division, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, P.O. Farah, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281122, India.
authors.forename: Kundan Kumar
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Chaubey
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwa Vidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281001, India.
authors.forename: Ruchi
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7763-5547
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tiwari
authors.affiliation: Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
authors.forename: Mani
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saminathan
authors.affiliation: Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
authors.forename: Kuldeep
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7469-4752
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dhama
authors.affiliation: Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Rajasthan, Kant Kalwar, NH-11C Delhi-Jaipur Highway, Jaipur 303 002, India.
authors.forename: Jagdip Singh
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2739-8536
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Sohal
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology; D003612:Dairying; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007774:Lactation; D008892:Milk / Q000382:microbiology; D016927:Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D010283:Paratuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology