title: Characterization of an Enterococcus gallinarum Isolate Carrying a Dual vanA and vanB Cassette.
abstract: The ability of vancomycin resistance determinants to be horizontally transferred within enterococci species is a concern. Identification and characterization of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in a clinical isolate have a significant impact on infection control practices. In this study, we describe a clinical isolate of Enterococcus gallinarum exhibiting high-level resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin. The genetic characterization of this isolate showed the presence of vanA and vanB genes in addition to the naturally carried vanC gene. vanA was identified on pA6981, a 35,608-bp circular plasmid with significant homology to plasmid pS177. The vanB operon was integrated into the bacterial chromosome and showed a high level of homology to previously reported Tn1549 and Tn5382. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of E. gallinarum carrying both vanA and vanB operons, indicating the importance of identifying the vancomycin resistance mechanism in non-E. faecium and non-E. faecalis enterococcal species.
authors.affiliation: Public Health Ontario Laboratories, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eshaghi
authors.affiliation: Public Health Ontario Laboratories, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Dea
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shahinas
authors.affiliation: Public Health Ontario Laboratories, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Aimin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Public Health Ontario Laboratories, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Ruwandi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kariyawasam
authors.affiliation: Public Health Ontario Laboratories, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Banh
authors.affiliation: Division of Microbiology, Eastern Ontario Regional Laboratory Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Desjardins
authors.affiliation: Public Health Ontario Laboratories, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Roberto G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Melano
authors.affiliation: Public Health Ontario Laboratories, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada samir.patel@oahpp.ca.
authors.forename: Samir N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D019729:Carbon-Oxygen Ligases / Q000235:genetics*; D002876:Chromosomes, Bacterial; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D023061:Gene Order; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010957:Plasmids; D017334:Teicoplanin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C071437:VanA ligase, Bacteria; C079913:VanB protein, Enterococcus; D017334:Teicoplanin; D014640:Vancomycin; D019729:Carbon-Oxygen Ligases