title: Composition of the Essential Oil of Salvia ballotiflora (Lamiaceae) and Its Insecticidal Activity.
abstract: Essential oils can be used as an alternative to using synthetic insecticides for pest management. Therefore, the insectistatic and insecticidal activities of the essential oil of aerial parts of Salvia ballotiflora (Lamiaceae) were tested against the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The results demonstrated insecticidal and insectistatical activities against this insect pest with concentrations at 80 µg·mL(-1) resulting in 20% larval viability and 10% pupal viability. The larval viability fifty (LV50) corresponded to a concentration of 128.8 µg·mL(-1). This oil also increased the duration of the larval phase by 5.5 days and reduced the pupal weight by 29.2% withrespect to the control. The GC-MS analysis of the essential oil of S. ballotiflora showed its main components to be caryophyllene oxide (15.97%), and β-caryophyllene (12.74%), which showed insecticidal and insectistatical activities against S. frugiperda. The insecticidal activity of β-caryophyllene began at 80 µg·mL(-1), giving a larval viability of 25% and viability pupal of 20%. The insectistatic activity also started at 80 µg·mL(-1) reducing the pupal weight by 22.1% with respect to control. Caryophyllene oxide showed insecticidal activity at 80 µg·mL(-1) giving a larval viability of 35% and viability pupal of 20%.The insectistatic activity started at 400 µg·mL(-1) and increased the larval phase by 8.8% days with respect to control. The LV50 values for these compounds were 153.1 and 146.5 µg·mL(-1), respectively.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria, C.P. 78290 San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico.
authors.forename: Norma Cecilia
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Cárdenas-Ortega
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria, C.P. 78290 San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico.
authors.forename: Marco Martín
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: González-Chávez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carretera Yautepec-Jojutla, km 6, Calle Ceprobi No. 6, Col. San Isidro, C.P. 62731 Yautepec, Morelos, Mexico.
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Figueroa-Brito
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Col. Villa Quietud, C.P. 04960 Deleg. Coyoacán, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Flores-Macías
authors.affiliation: Estudiante de la Maestría en Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Col. Villa Quietud, C.P. 04960 Deleg. Coyoacán, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Romo-Asunción
authors.affiliation: Estudiante de la Maestría en Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Col. Villa Quietud, C.P. 04960 Deleg. Coyoacán, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Diana Elizabeth
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Martínez-González
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas s/n, Col. Las Campanas, C.P. 76010 Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico.
authors.forename: Víctor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pérez-Moreno
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas s/n, Col. Las Campanas, C.P. 76010 Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico. agromyke@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Miguel Angel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ramos-López
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000737:chemistry; D000081223:Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; D027544:Salvia / Q000187:drug effects*; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018411:Spodoptera / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D000081223:Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C024714:caryophyllene