title: Relationship between lumbar spinal stenosis and psychosocial factors: a multicenter cross-sectional study (DISTO project).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a lumbar spinal disorder that causes leg symptoms and intermittent claudication. It is reported that the risk factors for low back pain include age, family history, smoking, obesity, work-related physical load, exercise, and depression. This was a multicenter, cross-sectional survey, and the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of LSS by age and the relationships between LSS and psychosocial factors and job satisfaction.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study enrolled subjects aged 50 years and over from a survey of LSS in 2177 hospitals and general practices nationwide. The clinical characteristics of the LSS and non-LSS groups were compared using the χ2 test, and the multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to examine associations between exercise, perceived stress, strenuous use of the low back or legs, job satisfaction, and LSS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 18,642 patients (8338 males, 10,267 females) were analyzed. The rate of LSS was 38.3% and it increased with age. Regular exercise was less common among those in the LSS group than those in the non-LSS group (p<0.001). Satisfaction in all job-related items was less in the LSS group than in the non-LSS group (p<0.001). The odds for having LSS were higher in subjects having perceived stress and strenuous use of the low back or legs (p=0.001). The odds ratios of heart diseases and hypertension (p<0.001) were higher in the LSS group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study investigated factors associated with LSS. The prevalence of LSS increased with age. Perceived stress and strenuous use of the low back or legs might be associated with LSS, and job satisfaction was lower with LSS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1- Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan. miho-s@fmu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sekiguchi
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics Center, Kurume University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yonemoto
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics Center, Kurume University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kakuma
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1- Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nikaido
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1- Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1- Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
authors.forename: Kinshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1- Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Otani
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1- Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yabuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1- Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1- Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Konno
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D013130:Spinal Stenosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery
keywords: Job satisfaction; LSS diagnostic support tool; Lumbar spinal stenosis; Psychosocial factors