title: Manual physical therapists' use of biopsychosocial history taking in the management of patients with back or neck pain in clinical practice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop and evaluate process indicators relevant to biopsychosocial history taking in patients with chronic back and neck pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  The SCEBS method, covering the Somatic, Psychological (Cognition, Emotion, and Behavior), and Social dimensions of chronic pain, was used to evaluate biopsychosocial history taking by manual physical therapists (MPTs). In Phase I, process indicators were developed while in Phase II indicators were tested in practice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Literature-based recommendations were transformed into 51 process indicators. Twenty MTPs contributed 108 patient audio recordings. History taking was excellent (98.3%) for the Somatic dimension, very inadequate for Cognition (43.1%) and Behavior (38.3%), weak (27.8%) for Emotion, and low (18.2%) for the Social dimension. MTPs estimated their coverage of the Somatic dimension as excellent (100%), as adequate for Cognition, Emotion, and Behavior (60.1%), and as very inadequate for the Social dimension (39.8%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MTPs perform screening for musculoskeletal pain mainly through the use of somatic dimension of (chronic) pain. Psychological and social dimensions of chronic pain were inadequately covered by MPTs. Furthermore, a substantial discrepancy between actual and self-estimated use of biopsychosocial history taking was noted. We strongly recommend full implementation of the SCEBS method in educational programs in manual physical therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Manual Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Campus Jette, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1050 Brussels, Belgium ; Scientific Institute for Quality of Healthcare, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9100, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands ; Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Pain in Motion Research Group, Campus Etterbeek, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Rob A B
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Oostendorp
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Research, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9100, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands ; Institute for Methodology and Statistics Beuningen, Hofstee 10, 6641 VP Beuningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Elvers
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Clinic, Clinical Military Hospital No. 10 with Polyclinic, Powstańców Warszawy 5, 85-681 Bydgoszcz, Poland ; Neurocognitive Laboratory, Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mikołajewska
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Straße 12, 58453 Witten, Germany.
authors.forename: Marjan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laekeman
authors.affiliation: SOMT Educational Institute for Musculoskeletal Therapy, Softwareweg 5, 3821 BN Amersfoort, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Emiel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van Trijffel
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9100, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Samwel
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Campus Oefenplein, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Duquet
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008487:Medical History Taking; D008875:Middle Aged; D026201:Musculoskeletal Manipulations / Q000379:methods; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D059825:Physical Therapists