title: Patient Preferences for Test Result Notification.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients are increasingly being given access to their test results, but little is known about how preferences vary with the test under consideration or the results of the test (normal or abnormal).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to examine preferences for test result communication.
  
  
  METHODS
  We surveyed adults to explore their preferences for test result notification for three common diagnostic tests of varying "emotional impact" (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry [DXA], genital herpes, and cancer biopsy) when test results were 1) normal and 2) abnormal. We conducted our survey between June and August 2012 on the campus of an academic medical center. For each scenario, subjects were asked to rank seven methods that might be used to communicate test results (letter, unsecured email, secured email, text message, telephone call, secure Web portal, office visit) in order of acceptability.
  
  
  METHODS
  The main measures were the percentage of respondents who ranked a particular test result notification method favorably and the percentage who ranked it as unacceptable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When test results were normal, subjects' notification preferences were generally similar for DXA, herpes and cancer biopsy, with telephone and letter ranked most favorably for all three tests. Conversely, text message and unsecured email were viewed as unacceptable notification methods for normal results by 45.0-55.0 % of subjects across all three tests. When test results were abnormal, office visits became more popular. A higher proportion of subjects ranked office visits as their most preferred notification method for our test with high "emotional impact" (cancer biopsy) (38.4 %) as compared to DXA (28.2 %) and herpes (27.9 %) (P = 0.02). For most test scenarios, younger subjects appeared to rank electronic communication modalities (secure email or Web portal) higher than older subjects, though this difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.29).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preferences for test result notification can differ substantially depending upon the test under consideration and results of the test. Providers and health care systems should consider these factors when deciding how to communicate results to patients.
authors.affiliation: Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 520 Clark St., Iowa City, IA, 52240, USA. samuel-shultz@uiowa.edu.
authors.forename: Samuel K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Shultz
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.|Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Mt. Sinai/UHN Hospitals, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Mt. Sinai/UHN Hospitals, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Matelski
authors.affiliation: Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 520 Clark St., Iowa City, IA, 52240, USA.|CADRE, Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 520 Clark St., Iowa City, IA, 52240, USA.|Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.|Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Mt. Sinai/UHN Hospitals, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cram
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D003142:Communication; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000523:psychology*; D034742:Electronic Mail; D005260:Female; D006558:Herpes Genitalis / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D009819:Office Visits; D057240:Patient Preference / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013689:Telephone; D014342:Truth Disclosure; D014481:United States
keywords: patient preferences; test results notification