title: Temperament and the mother-infant dyad: associations with breastfeeding and formula feeding with a bottle.
abstract: Breastfeeding supports the formation of an emotional bond between mothers and their children. The feeding method is associated with both the child's temperament and the mother's perception of herself and the child. Therefore, the present study focuses on the feeding method, mothers' reaction during feeding, and infants' temperament traits. Ninety-eight mothers with children aged 3 to 5 months participated in the study. Children were assessed with the Children Development Scale (A. Matczak et al., 2007) to measure their temperament. Mothers completed the Mother and Baby Scale (D. Wolke & I. St James-Roberts, 1987, as cited in T.B. Brazelton & K. Nugent, 1995), which measures mothers' evaluation of their children's behaviors during feeding and their overall experiences with their children's care. The results show that breastfed newborns, as compared to bottle-fed newborns, demonstrate higher vigor, which includes activity and the intensity of reaction. Bottle-fed children demonstrate higher regularity than do breastfed children. Mothers who bottle-feed their children perceive themselves to be less confident in the feeding domain than do mothers who breastfeed. Our results indicate that children's temperament might be an important factor in the decision regarding the feeding method. The study supports the idea of promoting knowledge of children's behaviors during feeding among mothers even before their children are born, such as during antenatal classes.
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Gdansk.
authors.forename: Bogumila
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kielbratowska
authors.affiliation: University of Gdansk.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kazmierczak
authors.affiliation: University of Warmia and Mazury.
authors.forename: Justyna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Michalek
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Gdansk.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Preis
mesh_terms: D001903:Bottle Feeding / Q000523:psychology*; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D009034:Mother-Child Relations / Q000523:psychology*; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012737:Sex Factors; D013694:Temperament