title: Rotavirus genotypes and the indigenous children of Brazilian midwest in the vaccine era, 2008-2012: Footprints of animal genome.
abstract: World group A rotavirus (RVA) surveillance data provides useful estimates of the disease burden, however, indigenous population might require special consideration. The aim of this study was to describe the results of G- and P-types from Brazilian native children ≤ 3 years. Furthermore, selected strains have been analyzed for the VP7, VP6, VP4, and NSP4 encoding genes in order to gain insight into genetic variability of Brazilian strains. A total of 149 samples, collected during 2008-2012, were tested for RVA using ELISA and PAGE, following by RT-PCR and sequencing. RVA infection was detected in 8.7% of samples (13/149). Genotype G2P[4] was detected in 2008 and 2010, G8P[6] in 2009, and G3P[8] in 2011. The phylogenetic analysis of the VP7 and VP4 genes grouped the Brazilian G2P[4] and G3P[8] strains within the lineages currently circulating in humans worldwide. However, the phylogenetic analysis of the VP6 and NSP4 from the Brazilian G2P[4] strains, and the VP7 and NSP4 from the Brazilian G3P[8] strains suggest a distant common ancestor with different animal strains (bovine, caprine, and porcine). The epidemiological and genetic information obtained in the present study is expected to provide an updated understanding of RVA genotypes circulating in the native infant population, and to formulate policies for the use of RVA vaccines in indigenous Brazilian people. Moreover, these results highlight the great diversity of human RVA strains circulating in Brazil, and an in-depth surveillance of human and animal RVA will lead to a better understanding of the complex dynamics of RVA evolution.
authors.affiliation: Enteric Disease Laboratory, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luchs
authors.affiliation: Enteric Disease Laboratory, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cilli
authors.affiliation: Enteric Disease Laboratory, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Simone Guadagnucci
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Morillo
authors.affiliation: Enteric Disease Laboratory, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cibele Daniel
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Enteric Disease Laboratory, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rita de Cassia Compagnoli
authors.initials: Rde C
authors.lastname: Carmona
authors.affiliation: Enteric Disease Laboratory, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria do Carmo Sampaio Tavares
authors.initials: Mdo C
authors.lastname: Timenetsky
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D044382:Population Groups; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000821:virology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017385:Sequence Homology; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins
keywords: diarrhea stool; genotyping; molecular epidemiology; phylogenetic analysis; rotavirus vaccine