title: Host responses associated with chronic staphylococcal mastitis in rabbits.
abstract: Staphylococcal infection causes substantial economic losses in commercial rabbit production systems, and is associated with a wide variety of lesions, including chronic suppurative mastitis, which mainly affects breeding females. Most chronic staphylococcal infections in rabbits are caused by the ST121 lineage of Staphylococcus aureus, although other less common lineages, such as ST96 can also be involved. The aims of the present study were to characterise the host immune response in natural cases of mastitis in rabbits caused by S. aureus, to evaluate any relationship between peripheral and local immunity and to investigate the effect of different S. aureus genotypes on these immune responses. Adult multiparous female rabbits that were affected with chronic staphylococcal mastitis (n = 204) were enrolled into the study. Histological and immunohistochemical evaluations of mammary glands were undertaken, as well as flow cytometric analyses of blood. S. aureus isolates from the mammary glands were identified by multilocus sequence typing. Differences in the number of infiltrating cells were detected, depending on the type of pathology, with more immature lesions demonstrating greater cellularity, characterised by greater numbers of T lymphocytes, macrophages and plasma cells. A relationship was seen between the cells in blood and mammary tissues, the most notable being the positive correlation between monocytes and tissue macrophages. When glands were infected with ST96 strains, fewer granulocytes (P < 0.01) and greater numbers of B cells (P < 0.01), T cells (P < 0.001), CD4(+) T cells (P < 0.001) and CD8(+) T cells (P < 0.01) were detected, compared with mammary glands that were infected by ST121 strains of S. aureus.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Institute (PASAPTA-Pathology group), Veterinary School, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Av. Seminario s/n, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Guerrero
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Institute (PASAPTA-Pathology group), Veterinary School, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Av. Seminario s/n, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Selena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferrian
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Institute (PASAPTA-Pathology group), Veterinary School, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Av. Seminario s/n, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Mariola
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Penadés
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Institute (PASAPTA-Pathology group), Veterinary School, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Av. Seminario s/n, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García-Quirós
authors.affiliation: Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46071 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Pascual
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Institute (PASAPTA-Pathology group), Veterinary School, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Av. Seminario s/n, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Selva
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Institute (PASAPTA-Pathology group), Veterinary School, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Av. Seminario s/n, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Viana
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Institute (PASAPTA-Pathology group), Veterinary School, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Av. Seminario s/n, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: jmcorpa@uch.ceu.es.
authors.forename: Juan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Corpa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D008413:Mastitis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D011817:Rabbits; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*
keywords: Abscess; Chronic mastitis; Immune response; Rabbit; Staphylococcus aureus