title: Endoscopic dilatation, heller myotomy, and peroral endoscopic myotomy: treatment modalities for achalasia.
abstract: At present, LHM with partial fundoplication is considered the gold standard for the treatment of patients with esophageal achalasia. Endoscopic procedures such as EBTI and PD should be considered as primary treatment modalities only in frail patients. POEM is a new approach with promising short-term results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Corso A. M. Dogliotti 14, Torino 10126, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Allaix
authors.affiliation: Center for Esophageal Diseases, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 5095, Room G-207, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Electronic address: mpatti@surgery.bsd.uchicago.edu.
authors.forename: Marco G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Patti
mesh_terms: D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D004106:Dilatation / Q000379:methods; D004931:Esophageal Achalasia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D018662:Fundoplication / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008365:Manometry
chemical_list: D001905:Botulinum Toxins
keywords: Achalasia; Dysphagia; Endoscopic botulinum toxin injection; Fundoplication; Myotomy; POEM; Pneumatic dilatation; Reflux