title: Near-infrared-absorbing gold nanopopcorns with iron oxide cluster core for magnetically amplified photothermal and photodynamic cancer therapy.
abstract: We present the synthesis and application of a new type of dual magnetic and plasmonic nanostructures for magnetic-field-guided drug delivery and combined photothermal and photodynamic cancer therapy. Near-infrared-absorbing gold nanopopcorns containing a self-assembled iron oxide cluster core were prepared via a seed-mediated growth method. The hybrid nanostructures are superparamagnetic and show great photothermal conversion efficiency (η=61%) under near-infrared irradiation. Compact and stable nanocomplexes for photothermal-photodynamic therapy were formed by coating the nanoparticles with near-infrared-absorbing photosensitizer silicon 2,3-naphthalocyannie dihydroxide and stabilization with poly(ethylene glycol) linked with 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid. The nanocomplex showed enhanced release and cellular uptake of the photosensitizer with the use of a gradient magnetic field. In vitro studies using two different cell lines showed that the dual mode photothermal and photodynamic therapy with the assistance of magnetic-field-guided drug delivery dramatically improved the therapeutic efficacy of cancer cells as compared to the combination treatment without using a magnetic field and the two treatments alone. The "three-in-one" nanocomplex has the potential to carry therapeutic agents deep into a tumor through magnetic manipulation and to completely eradicate tumors by subsequent photothermal and photodynamic therapies without systemic toxicity.
authors.affiliation: †Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States.
authors.forename: Saheel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhana
authors.forename: Gan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: §Department of Physics, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States.
authors.forename: Lijia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: †Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States.
authors.forename: Hunter
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Starring
authors.affiliation: §Department of Physics, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States.
authors.forename: Sanjay R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: †Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States.
authors.forename: Xiaohua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D065638:Absorption, Radiation; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced / Q000379:methods; D007259:Infrared Rays / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D053769:Nanocapsules / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D010789:Phototherapy / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D053769:Nanocapsules; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D006046:Gold
keywords: cancer; drug delivery; hybrid nanoparticles; iron oxide−gold nanopopcorns; magnetic attraction; photodynamic therapy; photothermal therapy