title: Dutch translation and cross-cultural validation of the Adult Social Care Outcomes Toolkit (ASCOT).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Adult Social Care Outcomes Toolkit was developed to measure outcomes of social care in England. In this study, we translated the four level self-completion version (SCT-4) of the ASCOT for use in the Netherlands and performed a cross-cultural validation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ASCOT SCT-4 was translated into Dutch following international guidelines, including two forward and back translations. The resulting version was pilot tested among frail older adults using think-aloud interviews. Furthermore, using a subsample of the Dutch ACT-study, we investigated test-retest reliability and construct validity and compared response distributions with data from a comparable English study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pilot tests showed that translated items were in general understood as intended, that most items were reliable, and that the response distributions of the Dutch translation and associations with other measures were comparable to the original English version. Based on the results of the pilot tests, some small modifications and a revision of the Dignity items were proposed for the final translation, which were approved by the ASCOT development team. The complete original English version and the final Dutch translation can be obtained after registration on the ASCOT website ( http://www.pssru.ac.uk/ascot ).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides preliminary evidence that the Dutch translation of the ASCOT is valid, reliable and comparable to the original English version. We recommend further research to confirm the validity of the modified Dutch ASCOT translation.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice & Elderly Care Medicine and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. k.m.vanleeuwen@vu.nl.|Department of Health Sciences and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Faculty of Earth & Life Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. k.m.vanleeuwen@vu.nl.
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: van Leeuwen
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Faculty of Earth & Life Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. j.e.bosmans@vu.nl.
authors.forename: Judith E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Bosmans
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice & Elderly Care Medicine and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. d.jansen@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: Aaltje Pd
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.affiliation: Personal Social Services Research Unit and Quality and Outcomes of Person-Centred Care Research Unit, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK. s.e.rand@kent.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Stacey E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Rand
authors.affiliation: Personal Social Services Research Unit and Quality and Outcomes of Person-Centred Care Research Unit, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK. a.towers@kent.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Ann-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Towers
authors.affiliation: Personal Social Services Research Unit and Quality and Outcomes of Person-Centred Care Research Unit, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK. n.j.smith@kent.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Personal Social Services Research Unit and Quality and Outcomes of Person-Centred Care Research Unit, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK. k.razik@kent.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Kamilla
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Razik
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Economics of Aging, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna, Austria. birgit.trukeschitz@wu.ac.at.
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Trukeschitz
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Faculty of Earth & Life Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. maurits.van.tulder@vu.nl.
authors.forename: Maurits W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: van Tulder
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice & Elderly Care Medicine and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. he.vanderhorst@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: Henriette E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: van der Horst
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Faculty of Earth & Life Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. r.ostelo@vu.nl.|Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. r.ostelo@vu.nl.
authors.forename: Raymond W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Ostelo
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004739:England; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014177:Translations