title: Evaluation of unique elastic aggregates (elastic globes) in normal facial skin by multiphoton laser scanning tomography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is no reliable marker to estimate the degree of skin aging in vivo. It now has become possible to quantitatively determine the dermal characteristics of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in vivo using multiphoton laser tomography (MLT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-seven healthy Japanese female volunteers, aged from 20 to 60 years old, were examined using multiphoton depth-resolved measurements of autofluorescence (AF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) at three sites on their right cheek. Paraffin-embedded skin specimens obtained from the faces of 12 normal individuals aged 38-68 years old were stained with Elastica van Gieson (EVG).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found unique elastic aggregates at a 20 μm depth from the dermo-epidermal junction (DEJ) in vivo which increased in size with aging of subjects from 20 to 60 years old. SHG fibers seemed to surround those elastic aggregates. Histological examination of specimens from normal individuals stained with EVG confirmed the occurrence of elastic aggregates with varied sizes just beneath the epidermis or hair follicles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The elastic aggregates are morphologically similar to previously described 'elastic globes' and can serve as a marker of the early stage of photoaging. MLT will contribute to determine age-related dermal changes using a non-invasive technique.
authors.affiliation: Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugata
authors.affiliation: Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Osanai
authors.affiliation: Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tajima
authors.affiliation: Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takema
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D004547:Elastic Tissue / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D005145:Face; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D008875:Middle Aged; D061848:Optical Imaging; D012867:Skin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000473:pathology*; D014054:Tomography; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: elastin; multiphoton laser tomography; photoaging