title: [Gene-environment-interaction of ODD and Conduct Disorder Versus "Anethic Psychopathy"].
abstract: Gene-environment-interaction of ODD and Conduct Disorder Versus »Anethic Psychopathy«. In 1934, Kramer and von der Leyen demonstrated in a sophisticated longitudinal study with eleven conduct disordered and neglected children labelled as »anethic psychopaths« that »anethic traits« subsided in a favourable educational setting. Sound prognoses, due to the diversity of environmental factors, were found to be impossible. On the contrary they stated that negative labelling led to an affirmation of a negative prognosis. In theory, they supposed a genetic predisposition resulting in a heightened sensitivity to the environment. This early theory of epigenetics radically contradicted the Nazi dogma of hereditability and ostracism and the selection procedures in mainstream psychiatry at that time. The debate ended with von der Leyen's suicide and the prohibition of medical work and publication towards Kramer. Even after the end of the Nazi policy of »eradication of the socially debased«, this early theory was not taken on again, nor dignified.
authors.forename: Renate
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schepker
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schmeck
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kölch
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schepker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000296:Adolescent Psychiatry / Q000266:history*; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000235:genetics / Q000266:history*; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000266:history* / Q000523:psychology; D002665:Child Psychiatry / Q000266:history*; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000235:genetics / Q000266:history*; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D005858:Germany; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000235:genetics / Q000266:history*; D012949:Social Work, Psychiatric / Q000266:history*
keywords: Epigenetik; Nationalsozialistische Erblichkeitstheorie; Psychiatriegeschichte; Störungen des Sozialverhaltens; anethic psychopathy; anethische Psychopathie; conduct disorder; epigenetics; history of psychiatry; national socialist theory of heredity