title: Metal artifact reduction: standard and advanced magnetic resonance and computed tomography techniques.
abstract: An increasing number of joint replacements are being performed in the United States. Patients undergoing these procedures can have various complications. Imaging is one of the primary means of diagnosing these complications. Cross-sectional imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) and MR imaging, are more sensitive than radiographs for evaluating complications. The use of CT and MR imaging in patients with metallic implants is limited by the presence of artifacts. This review discusses the causes of metal artifacts on MR imaging and CT, contributing factors, and conventional and novel methods to reduce the effects of these artifacts on scans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, A21, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, A21, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. Electronic address: subhasn@ccf.org.
authors.forename: Naveen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Subhas
authors.affiliation: Computed Tomography, Siemens Healthcare USA, 51 Valley Stream Parkway, Malvern, PA 19355, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Primak
authors.affiliation: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Siemens AG, Allee am Roethelheimpark 2, Erlangen 91052, Germany.
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nittka
authors.affiliation: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Siemens Healthcare USA, 51 Valley Stream Parkway, Malvern, PA 19355, USA.
authors.forename: Kecheng
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008670:Metals; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D008670:Metals
keywords: CT; Hardware; MR; Metal artifact reduction; Techniques