title: Radioactive (125)I seeds inhibit cell growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human glioblastoma multiforme via a ROS-mediated signaling pathway.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary central nervous system neoplasm in adults. Radioactive (125)I seed implantation has been widely applied in the treatment of cancers. Moreover, previous clinical trials have confirmed that (125)I seeds treatment was an effective therapy in GBM. We sought to investigate the effect of (125)I seed on GBM cell growth and Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cells were exposed to irradiation at different doses. Colony-formation assay, EdU assay, cell cycle analysis, and TUNEL assay were preformed to investigate the radiation sensitivity. The effects of (125)I seeds irradiation on EMT were measured by transwell, Boyden and wound-healing assays. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by DCF-DA assay. Moreover, the radiation sensitivity and EMT were investigated with or without pretreatment with glutathione. Additionally, nude mice with tumors were measured after treated with radiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Radioactive (125)I seeds are more effective than X-ray irradiation in inhibiting GBM cell growth. Moreover, EMT was effectively inhibited by (125)I seed irradiation. A mechanism study indicated that GBM cell growth and EMT inhibition were induced by (125)I seeds with the involvement of a ROS-mediated signaling pathway.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radioactive (125)I seeds exhibit novel anticancer activity via a ROS-mediated signaling pathway. These findings have clinical implications for the treatment of patients with GBM by (125)I seeds.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510, 515, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China. tianyunhong1985@163.com.|Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China. tianyunhong1985@163.com.
authors.forename: Yunhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Armed Police Corps Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. 327231131@qq.com.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510, 515, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China. 497336449@qq.com.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510, 515, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China. 273733970@qq.com.
authors.forename: Xiaojun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Armed Police Corps Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. 731704102@qq.com.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Armed Police Corps Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. 2536941857@qq.com.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Armed Police Corps Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. 1165736760@qq.com.
authors.forename: Zuoping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510, 515, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China. 2224035596@qq.com.
authors.forename: Yunming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Armed Police Corps Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. 335616703@qq.com.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510, 515, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China. yao.kaitai@yahoo.cn.
authors.forename: Kaitai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; D005260:Female; D059565:G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D011836:Radiation Tolerance; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species