title: [Epithelial neuroendocrine tumors of the upper respiratory tract: New entities, new perspectives].
abstract: Epithelial neuroendocrine tumors of the upper respiratory tract are rare and are classified as typical and atypical carcinoid versus small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Furthermore, a giant cell variant of neuroendocrine carcinoma is suggested corresponding to the bronchopulmonary system as well as a recently described subtype of oropharyngeal small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma associated with human papillomavirus. Many arguments relying on clinical as well as on molecular findings indicate that the distinction between carcinoid and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma does not only reflect different degrees of differentiation of otherwise related tumors but indicates the existence of substantially different types of neoplasms.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Pathologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Standort Gießen, Langhansstr. 10, 35392, Gießen, Deutschland, alexander.brobeil@patho.med.uni-giessen.de.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brobeil
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dreyer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schäffer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bräuninger
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gattenlöhner
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D019002:CD56 Antigen / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D018287:Carcinoma, Large Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D053379:Chromogranin A / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D010039:Otorhinolaryngologic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000473:pathology; D016708:Synaptophysin / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019002:CD56 Antigen; D053379:Chromogranin A; C522918:NCAM1 protein, human; D016708:Synaptophysin; C495901:TP53 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53