title: Cloud deposition of PAHs at Mount Lushan in southern China.
abstract: Cloud water samples were collected from Mount Lushan, a high alpine area of southern China, and analyzed using GC-MS to investigate the concentration levels, seasonal variations, particle-dissolved phase partitioning, ecological risk of PAHs and its relationship to the atmosphere and rainwater. The average concentration of total (dissolved+particle) PAHs in cloud water was 819.90 ng/L, which ranged from 2.30 ng/L for DbA to 295.38 ng/L for PhA. PhA (33.11%) contributed the most individual PAHs, followed by Flu (28.24%). Distinct seasonal variations in the total PAHs measured in this research had a higher concentration during the spring and a lower concentration during the summer. When cloud events occurred, the concentration of the atmospheric PAHs of the two phases decreased. The contribution from the gaseous phase of total PAHs in the air to the dissolved phase in cloud water was up to 60.43%, but the particulate phase in the air only contributed 39.57% to the total scavenging. The contribution of total PAHs from the atmosphere to clouds is higher in the gaseous phase than in the particulate phase. A comparative study of the concentrations of cloud water and the closest rain water revealed that the PAH concentration in rainwater was 1.80 times less than that of cloud water and that the dominant individual compounds in cloud water and rainwater were PhA and Flu. A total of 81.27% of the PAHs in cloud samples and 72.21% of the PAHs in rain samples remained in the dissolved phase. Ecological risk assessment indicated that PAHs in cloud water in spring and summer caused a certain degree of ecosystem risk and the mean ecosystem risk in spring was higher than that in summer.
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
authors.forename: Ruixia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China. Electronic address: wangyan405@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Environmental Monitoring Central Station of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250101, China. Electronic address: lihongli1225@163.com.
authors.forename: Hongli
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
authors.forename: Minmin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
authors.forename: Wenxing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001272:Atmosphere / Q000737:chemistry*; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D011891:Rain / Q000737:chemistry; D012621:Seasons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Atmosphere; Cloud water; Mount Lushan; PAHs; Rainwater