title: Densities and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from marine waters and beach sands.
abstract: Bacterial resistance is a rising problem all over the world. Many studies have showed that beach sands can contain higher concentration of microorganisms and represent a risk to public health. This paper aims to evaluate the densities and resistance to antimicrobials of Escherichia coli strains, isolated from seawater and samples. The hypothesis is that microorganisms show higher densities in contaminated beach sands and more antimicrobial resistance than the water column. Density, distribution, and antimicrobial resistance of bacteria E. coli were evaluate in seawater and sands from two recreational beaches with different levels of pollution. At the beach with higher degree of pollution (Gonzaguinha), water samples presented the highest densities of E. coli; however, higher frequency of resistant strains was observe in wet sand (71.9 %). Resistance to a larger number of antimicrobial groups was observe in water (betalactamics, aminoglycosides, macrolides, rifampicins, and tetracyclines) and sand (betagalactamics and aminoglycosids). In water samples, highest frequencies of resistance were obtain against ampicilin (22.5 %), streptomycin (15.0 %), and rifampicin (15.0 %), while in sand, the highest frequencies were observe in relation to ampicilin (36.25 %) and streptomycin (23.52 %). At the less polluted beach, Ilha Porchat, highest densities of E. coli and higher frequency of resistance were obtain in wet and dry sand (53.7 and 53.8 %, respectively) compared to water (50 %). Antimicrobial resistance in strains isolated from water and sand only occurred against betalactamics (ampicilin and amoxicilin plus clavulanic acid). The frequency and variability of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials in marine recreational waters and sands were related to the degree of fecal contamination in this environment. These results show that water and sands from beaches with a high index of fecal contamination of human origin may be potential sources of contamination by pathogens and contribute to the dissemination of bacterial resistance.
authors.affiliation: Campus de Rio Claro, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Avenida 24A, 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa da Costa
authors.initials: Vda C
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: Bruna Del Busso
authors.initials: Bdel B
authors.lastname: Zampieri
authors.forename: Eliete Rodrigues
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Ballesteros
authors.forename: Aline Bartelochi
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Ana Julia Fernandes Cardoso
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001493:Bathing Beaches; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D012623:Seawater / Q000382:microbiology*; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents