title: Presence of starch enhances in vitro biodegradation and biocompatibility of a gentamicin delivery formulation.
abstract: The effect of α-amylase degradation on the release of gentamicin from starch-conjugated chitosan microparticles was investigated up to 60 days. Scanning electron microscopic observations showed an increase in the porosity and surface roughness of the microparticles as well as reduced diameters. This was confirmed by 67% weight loss of the microparticles in the presence of α-amylase. Over time, a highly porous matrix was obtained leading to increased permeability and increased water uptake with possible diffusion of gentamicin. Indeed, a faster release of gentamicin was observed with α-amylase. Starch-conjugated chitosan particles are non-toxic and highly biocompatible for an osteoblast (SaOs-2) and fibroblast (L929) cell line as well as adipose-derived stem cells. When differently produced starch-conjugated chitosan particles were tested, their cytotoxic effect on SaOs-2 cells was found to be dependent on the crosslinking agent and on the amount of starch used.
authors.affiliation: 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4806-909, Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal.|IBB - Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, PT Associated Laboratory, AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal.
authors.forename: Elizabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Balmayor
authors.affiliation: 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4806-909, Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal.|IBB - Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, PT Associated Laboratory, AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal.
authors.forename: Turker E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Baran
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, D-81675, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Unger
authors.affiliation: 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4806-909, Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal.|IBB - Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, PT Associated Laboratory, AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal.
authors.forename: Alexandra P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.affiliation: 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4806-909, Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal.|IBB - Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, PT Associated Laboratory, AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal.
authors.forename: Helena S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.affiliation: 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4806-909, Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal.|IBB - Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, PT Associated Laboratory, AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal.
authors.forename: Rui L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Reis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D048271:Chitosan / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013213:Starch / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005839:Gentamicins; D013213:Starch; D048271:Chitosan; D000516:alpha-Amylases
keywords: cytotoxicity; enzymatic degradation; gentamicin; microparticles; starch‐conjugated chitosan