title: Postoperative Pain Scores and Narcotic Use in Robotic-assisted Versus Laparoscopic Hysterectomy for Endometrial Cancer Staging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To retrospectively evaluate perioperative pain and analgesic and antiemetic use in patients who underwent surgical staging for endometrial cancer using traditional versus robotic-assisted laparoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified women in a single institution who underwent minimally hysterectomy for endometrial cancer from 2008 to 2012. Patient characteristics and perioperative outcomes, including analgesic and antiemetic use and pain scores, were analyzed. After univariate analysis, a multivariate linear regression model was generated to determine factors associated with narcotic use in the post anesthesia care unit (PACU) (Canadian Task Force Classification II-3).
  
  
  METHODS
  A single academic institution in the United States from 2008 to 2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women undergoing total laparoscopic hysterectomy or robotic-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy for endometrial cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laparoscopic or robotic-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three hundred thirty-five women were included (213 laparoscopy and 122 robotic-assisted laparoscopy). There was no difference in pain scores at 0 to 6 and 6 to 12 hours after surgery; at 12 to 24 hours, robotic-assisted surgery was associated with higher median pain scores (5/10 vs 4/10, p = .012). Robotic-assisted surgery was associated with a longer anesthesia time (289 vs 255 minutes, p < .001), similar antiemetic use (p = .40), and lower narcotic use in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) (1.3 mg vs 2.5 mg morphine equivalents, p = .003). There was no difference in narcotic use on the postoperative floor (p = .46). In multivariate analysis controlling for age, menopausal status, anesthesia duration, and local anesthetic use, hysterectomy type was not a significant predictor of PACU narcotic use (p = .86).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a retrospective analysis, a robotic-assisted approach to endometrial cancer was not associated with reduced PACU narcotic or antiemetic use compared with the traditional laparoscopic approach. Twenty-four-hour narcotic and antiemetic use was also not different between the 2 approaches.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Taylor B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.affiliation: Women's Anesthesia Division, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Ashraf S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Habib
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Broadwater
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Fidel A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Valea
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Nicole D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Jessie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ehrisman
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Di Santo
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. Electronic address: laura.havrilesky@dm.duke.edu.
authors.forename: Laura J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Havrilesky
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009294:Narcotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D065287:Robotic Surgical Procedures; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D009294:Narcotics
keywords: Endometrial cancer; Minimally invasive surgery; Perioperative outcomes