title: Vitamin D supplementation: a comprehensive review on supplementation for tuberculosis prophylaxis.
abstract: Vitamin D plays a large role in the innate immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection, activation and progression. Likewise, vitamin D deficiency is shown by evidence presented here to be a known risk factor for developing both MTB infection and active tuberculosis (TB). This comprehensive review discusses the evidence and remaining questions regarding vitamin D supplementation as a prophylactic measure in those who are at high risk of MTB infection and active TB. Vitamin D supplementation is routinely prescribed for osteoporosis prevention; yet, guidelines are lacking for its prescription for TB prevention, despite the adverse effects being rare. Policymakers are urged here to review the literature and provide urgent guidelines on vitamin D supplementation for TB prophylaxis.
authors.affiliation: Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Garrod Building, Turner Street, Greater London E1 2AD, UK.
authors.forename: Eleanor Rachel
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Turnbull
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Drobniewski
mesh_terms: D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D014807:Vitamin D
keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; prophylaxis; supplementation; tuberculosis; vitamin D