title: An improved functional assay for rapid detection of marine toxins, saxitoxin and brevetoxin using a portable cardiomyocyte-based potential biosensor.
abstract: Saxitoxin (STX) and brevetoxin (PbTX-2), which are produced by marine dinoflagellates, are highly-toxic marine toxins targeting separate sites of the α subunit of voltage-dependent sodium channels (VDSCs). In this work, a portable cardiomyocyte-based potential biosensor is designed for rapid detection of STX and PbTX-2. This potential biosensor is constructed by cardiomyocyte and microelectrode array (MEA) with a label-free and real-time wireless 8-channel recording system which can dynamically monitor the multisite electrical activity of cardiomyocyte network. The recording signal parameters, spike amplitude, firing rate and 50% of spike potential duration (SPD50) extracted from extracelluar field potential (EFP) signals of the potential biosensor is analyzed to quantitatively evaluate toxicological risk of STX and PbTX-2. Firing rate of biosensor signals presents high sensitivity to STX with the detection limit of 0.35 ng/ml within 5 min. SPD50 shows high sensitivity to PbTX-2 with the detection limit of 1.55 ng/ml within 5 min. Based on the multi-parameter analysis, cardiomyocyte-based potential biosensor will be a promising tool for rapid detection of these two toxins.
authors.affiliation: Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China.
authors.forename: Jiaru
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China.
authors.forename: Duanxi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China.
authors.forename: Hongbo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China.
authors.forename: Kaiqi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China. Electronic address: huning@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China. Electronic address: cnpwang@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000737:chemistry*; D004867:Equipment Design; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D008839:Microelectrodes; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D035964:Oxocins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012530:Saxitoxin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D000095702:Polyether Toxins
chemical_list: D008387:Marine Toxins; D035964:Oxocins; D012530:Saxitoxin; C051732:Ptychodiscus brevis T2 toxin; C053342:brevetoxin; D000095702:Polyether Toxins
keywords: Brevetoxin (PbTX-2); Cardiomyocyte-based potential biosensor; Extracelluar field potential (EFP) signals; Multisite electrical activity of cardiomyocyte network; Saxitoxin (STX)