title: Integrative nursing: application of principles across clinical settings.
abstract: While the essence of nursing has long been whole person (body, mind, and spirit) and whole system-focused, in reality the contemporary practice of nursing in many settings around the globe has become increasingly fragmented and de-stabilized. Nursing shortages in many parts of the world are significant, and hierarchies and bureaucracies often remove nurses from the point of care, be that the bedside, home, or clinic, replacing them with less skilled workers and filling their time with documentation and other administrative tasks. Integrative nursing is a framework for providing whole person/whole system care that is relationship-based and person-centered and focuses on improving the health and wellbeing of caregivers as well as those they serve. It is aligned with what is being called the "triple aim" in the United States-an effort focused on improving the patient experience (quality and satisfaction), improving the health of populations, and reducing the cost of care. The principles of integrative nursing offer clear and specific guidance that can shape and impact patient care in all clinical settings.
authors.affiliation: Director, Center for Spirituality & Healing; Professor, School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Mary Jo
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kreitzer
keywords: Complementary therapies; integrative medicine; nurses; nursing; patient care