title: Cluster of Acute Toxicity from Ingestion of Synthetic Cannabinoid-Laced Brownies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) are emerging designer drugs of abuse. Most reports on the health effects of these drugs are case reports. Unlike SCRAs, marijuana has classically been used via many routes of exposure including oral, such as in brownies. We report on 11 symptomatic patients who unknowingly ingested brownies laced with analytically confirmed SCRA and presented with mostly neuropsychiatric and cardiovascular symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 11 patients were taken to the ED within 1 h of exposure with the onset of various symptoms. There were five males and six females, age range 20-57 years. Neuropsychiatric and cardiovascular symptoms predominated: memory impairment (91 %, 10/11) and inappropriate giggling (36 %, 4/11). All the patients had light-headedness, perioral and facial numbness and tingling sensation, dry mouth, difficulty focusing/blurring of vision, and sluggishness. No patient had depressed consciousness. Two patients had heart rates >100, and 4 of 11 (36 %) had BP >140/80. One patient had chest pain. All the symptoms were completely resolved 4 h following their onset except two patients who had ongoing weakness and fatigue. All patients had negative urine drugs of abuse immunoassays and ethanol, acetaminophen, and salicylate concentrations, as well as normal electrocardiograms (ECGS) and metabolic panels. The SCRA was confirmed to be AM-2201. All the patients were discharged from the ED in stable condition within 10 h of the exposure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral exposure of 11 patients to brownies laced with analytically confirmed SCRA resulted in neuropsychiatric and cardiovascular symptoms. This series reflects that like marijuana, oral exposures to SCRAs can lead to symptoms.
authors.affiliation: UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. obafemius@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Adebisi I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Obafemi
authors.affiliation: UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kleinschmidt
authors.affiliation: UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Collin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.affiliation: Texas Department of Public Safety, Garland, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Drew
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fout
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D063386:Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D063386:Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists
keywords: Acute toxicity; Cannabis; Novel psychoactive substance; Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists; Tachycardia