title: Otic placode cell specification and proliferation are regulated by Notch signaling in avian development.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The entire inner ear including the cochlear-vestibular ganglion arises from a simple epithelium, the otic placode. Precursors for the placode originate from a pool of progenitors located in ectoderm next to the future hindbrain, the pre-otic field, where they are intermingled with future epibranchial and epidermal cells. While the importance of secreted proteins, such as FGFs and Wnts, in imparting otic identity has been well studied, how precursors for these different fates segregate locally is less well understood.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) The Notch ligand Delta1 and the Notch target Hes5-2 are expressed in a part of pre-otic field before otic commitment, indicative of active Notch signaling, and this is confirmed using a Notch reporter. (2) Loss and gain-of-function approaches reveal that Notch signaling regulates both proliferation and specification of pre-otic progenitors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results identify a novel function of Notch signaling in cell fate determination in the pre-otic field of avian embryos.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Center for Translational and Advanced Animal Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan.|Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shida
authors.affiliation: Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mende
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi, Japan.
authors.forename: Teruko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takano-Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Center for Translational and Advanced Animal Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Osumi
authors.affiliation: Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Streit
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Center for Translational and Advanced Animal Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wakamatsu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030161:Avian Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology*; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens; D003370:Coturnix / Q000196:embryology*; D004475:Ectoderm / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051880:Receptors, Notch / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D013136:Spiral Ganglion / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D030161:Avian Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051880:Receptors, Notch; C064045:delta protein
keywords: Delta; Hes; Notch; Pax2; Sox9; otic placode