title: Aesthetic Depigmentation of Gingival Smoker's Melanosis Using Carbon Dioxide Lasers.
abstract: Melanic pigmentation results from melanin produced by the melanocytes present in the basal layer of the oral epithelium. One of the most common causes of oral pigmentation is smoker melanosis, a condition associated with the melanocyte stimulation caused by cigarette smoke. This paper aims to illustrate the use of a carbon dioxide laser in the removal of the gingival melanic pigmentation for aesthetic reasons in a 27-year-old female patient with history of a smoking habit. The carbon dioxide laser vaporisation was performed on the gingival mucosa with effective and quick results and without any complications or significant symptoms after the treatment. We conclude that a carbon dioxide laser could be a useful, effective, and safe instrument to treat the aesthetic complications caused by oral smoker melanosis.
authors.affiliation: Medicine and Oral Surgery Department and Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), Higher Institute of Health Sciences (ISCS-N), CESPU, 4585-116 Paredes, Portugal ; Stomatology and Dental Medicine Department (CESPU), Centro Hospitalar de São João, Polo de Valongo, 4440-563 Valongo, Portugal.
authors.forename: Luis Silva
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.affiliation: Medicine and Oral Surgery Department and Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), Higher Institute of Health Sciences (ISCS-N), CESPU, 4585-116 Paredes, Portugal.
authors.forename: José Adriano
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Medicine and Oral Surgery Department and Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), Higher Institute of Health Sciences (ISCS-N), CESPU, 4585-116 Paredes, Portugal.
authors.forename: Marco Infante
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: da Câmara
authors.affiliation: Oral Medicine Department, Birmingham Dental Hospital, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B4 6NN, UK.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Albuquerque
authors.affiliation: Stomatology and Dental Medicine Department (CESPU), Centro Hospitalar de São João, Polo de Valongo, 4440-563 Valongo, Portugal.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Medicine and Oral Surgery Department and Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), Higher Institute of Health Sciences (ISCS-N), CESPU, 4585-116 Paredes, Portugal.
authors.forename: José Júlio
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Pacheco
authors.affiliation: Medicine and Oral Surgery Department and Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), Higher Institute of Health Sciences (ISCS-N), CESPU, 4585-116 Paredes, Portugal.
authors.forename: Filomena
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Salazar
authors.affiliation: Medicine and Oral Surgery Department and Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), Higher Institute of Health Sciences (ISCS-N), CESPU, 4585-116 Paredes, Portugal ; Stomatology and Dental Medicine Department (CESPU), Centro Hospitalar de São João, Polo de Valongo, 4440-563 Valongo, Portugal.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Figueira