title: Essential Roles of Intracellular Calcium Release Channels in Muscle, Brain, Metabolism, and Aging.
abstract: Calcium (Ca(2+)) release from intracellular stores controls numerous cellular processes, including cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction, synaptic transmission and metabolism. The ryanodine receptors (RyRs: RyR1, RyR2, RyR3) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs: IP3R1, IP3R2, IP3R3) are the major Ca(2+) release channels (CRCs) on the endo/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR). RyRs and IP3Rs comprise macromolecular signaling complexes that include modulatory proteins which regulate channel activity in response to extracellular signals resulting in intracellular Ca(2+) release. Here we focus on the roles of CRCs in heart, skeletal muscle, brain, metabolism, and aging.
authors.affiliation: The Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. gsantulli001@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Santulli
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Marks
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D053496:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D053496:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel