title: Clinical Risk Factors for Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Single-Center Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is often performed therapeutically, and antithrombotic treatment is required for at least 12 months after stent implantation. However, the development of post-PCI upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) increases morbidity and mortality. We investigated the incidence and risk factors for UGIB in Korean patients within 1 year after PCI.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of 3,541 patients who had undergone PCI between January 2006 and June 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. We identified 40 cases of UGIB. We analyzed the incidence and clinical risk factors associated with UGIB occurring within 1 year after PCI by comparing the results for each case to matched controls. The propensity score matching method using age and sex was utilized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  UGIB occurred in 40 patients (1.1%). Two independent risk factors for UGIB were a history of peptic ulcer disease (odds ratio [OR], 12.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.70 to 59.66; p=0.001) and the use of anticoagulants (OR, 7.76; 95% CI, 2.10 to 28.66; p=0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UGIB after PCI occurred at a rate of 1.1% in the study population. Clinicians must remain vigilant for the possibility of UGIB after PCI and should consider performing timely endoscopy in patients who have undergone PCI and are suspected of having an UGIB.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Myoung
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Korea.
authors.forename: Seon-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Korea.
authors.forename: Uh-Jin
authors.initials: UJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Gwangju Christian Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Soo-Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Rew
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Yeong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Youngkeun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Korea.
authors.forename: Chung-Hwan
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Hwan
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Kyu
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Sun
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rew
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000150:complications; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D057216:Propensity Score; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants
keywords: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy; Gastrointestinal hemorrhage; Percutaneous coronary intervention