title: Familial clustering of risk factors for cardiovascular disease among first-degree relatives of patients with chronic kidney disease in a sub-Saharan African population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in first-degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a sub-Saharan African population.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional survey of 460 subjects (230 FDRs of patients with CKD and 230 healthy controls). Anthropometrics and blood pressures were measured. Spot urine and fasting venous blood samples were obtained for biochemical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity and dyslipidaemia were significantly higher in FDRs of patients with CKD compared with the controls: 56 (24.3%) vs 29 (12.6%), p = 0.01; 20 (8.7%) vs 6 (2.6%), p = 0.01; 40 (17.4%) vs 24 (10.4%), p = 0.03 and 171 (74.3%) vs 138 (60.0%), p = 0.01, respectively. Hypertension (OR, 1.65), dyslipidaemia (OR, 1.72) and albuminuria (OR, 1.61) were independently associated with being a FDR of patients with CKD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this sub-Saharan African population, risk factors for CVD were more prevalent in the FDRs of patients with CKD than in healthy controls.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Yemi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Raji
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Omolara
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mabayoje
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Taslim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bello
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017954:Africa South of the Sahara; D044383:Black People; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult