title: Heightened Temporal Summation of Pain in Patients with Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders and History of Trauma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Individuals with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) report experiencing trauma more often than healthy controls, but little is known regarding psychophysical correlates.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that adolescents and young adults with FGIDs since childhood and a trauma history (n = 38) would exhibit heightened temporal summation to thermal pain stimuli, an index of central sensitization, and greater clinical symptoms compared to patients with FGIDs and no trauma history (n = 95) and healthy controls (n = 135).
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants completed self-report measures, an experimental pain protocol, and psychiatric diagnostic interview as part of a larger longitudinal study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FGID + Trauma patients exhibited greater temporal summation than FGID + No Trauma patients and healthy controls. Additionally, FGID + Trauma patients exhibited greater gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal symptom severity, number of chronic pain sites, and disability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Assessing for trauma history in patients with FGIDs could identify a subset at risk for greater central sensitization and pain-related symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Amanda L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Sherman
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bruehl
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Travis D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Westbrook
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA. lynn.walker@vanderbilt.edu.|Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Health, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, 2146 Belcourt Ave., Nashville, TN, 37212, USA. lynn.walker@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: Lynn S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Walker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000069586:Adult Survivors of Child Adverse Events / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D058748:Pain Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Central sensitization; Chronic pain; Functional abdominal pain; Temporal summation; Trauma