title: Differentiation of adipocytes and osteocytes from human adipose and placental mesenchymal stem cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can be isolated from adult tissues such as adipose tissue and other sources. Among these sources, adipose tissue (because of easy access) and placenta (due to its immunomodulatory properties, in addition to other useful properties), have attracted more attention in terms of research. The isolation and comparison of MSC from these two sources provides a proper source for clinical experimentation. The aim of this study was to compare the characteristics of MSC isolated from human adipose tissue and placenta.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adipose and placental MSC were isolated from the subcutaneous adipose tissues of 10 healthy women (25 to 40 years) and from a fresh term placenta (n= 1), respectively. Stem cells were characterized and compared by flow cytometry using CD29, CD31, CD34, CD44, CD45, CD105, CD166 and HLA-DR markers. Osteocytes and adipocytes were differentiated from isolated human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adipose and placenta-derived MSC exhibited the same morphological features. ADSC differentiated faster than placenta; however, both were differentiated, taking up to 21 days for osteocyte and 14 days for adipocyte differentiation. About 90% of PLC-MSC and ADSC were positive for CD29, CD44, CD105, and CD166; and negative for CD31, CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The two sources of stem cells showed similar surface markers, morphology and differentiation potential and because of their multipotency for differentiating to adipocytes and osteocytes, they can be applied as attractive sources of MSC for regenerative medicine.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran ; Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Jalil Tavakkol
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Afshari
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran ; Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Keramati
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran ; Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran ; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Daryoush Hamidi
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Alamdari
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Meysam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ganjibakhsh
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Azam Moradi
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Zarmehri
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jangjoo
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran ; Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hadi
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Sadeghian
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Masoumeh Arab
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ameri
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moinzadeh
keywords: Adult stem cells; Differentiation; Fetal stem cells; Mesenchymal stem cells