title: Verification of the reliability and validity of a Japanese version of the Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy Questionnaire (QOLCE-J).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A Japanese version of the Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy Questionnaire (QOLCE-J) was developed using international guidelines as a QOL scale for childhood epilepsy; its reliability and validity were examined, focusing on Japanese pediatric epilepsy patients applicability.
  
  
  METHODS
  A pilot test questionnaire survey was conducted; involving parents of pediatric epilepsy patients aged 4-15 undergoing outpatient treatment. 278 responses were obtained and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Internal consistency for the 16 QOLCE-J subscales, except for <depression>, was sufficient, and a high overall coefficient α was obtained. The intraclass correlation coefficient was also high, supporting the test-retest reliability of this version. Associations among the subscales, high correlations of r>0.7 were observed among <attention/concentration>, <memory>, and <language>, representing cognitive and behavioral aspects, and among these and <behavior>. In contrast, correlations among others were moderate or weaker. Furthermore, correlations of r>0.35 were observed among the subscales of the SDQ (Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire) used as an external criterion and the QOLCE-J, confirming the criterion validity of the study version. Analysis of associations between the total QOLCE-J score and pathology of epilepsy, found significant correlation with age of onset and frequency of seizures, ADL, and antiepileptics side effects' symptoms. QOLCE has mostly been used in treatment resistant pediatric patients, the influence of interictal period presently observed, like antiepileptic side effects' symptoms; suggest usefulness for pediatric patients with seizures under control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The QOLCE-J with sufficient reliability and validity may be applicable as a QOL scale for Japanese children with epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Kyoto Koka Women's University, Japan; Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan. Electronic address: e-moriguchi@mail.koka.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Eri
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moriguchi
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Mikiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshisaburo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagai
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014177:Translations
keywords: Children; Epilepsy; Japan; QOLCE-J; Quality of life