title: Ischemic preconditioning accelerates muscle deoxygenation dynamics and enhances exercise endurance during the work-to-work test.
abstract: Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) improves maximal exercise performance. However, the potential mechanism(s) underlying the beneficial effects of IPC remain unknown. The dynamics of pulmonary oxygen uptake (VO2) and muscle deoxygenation during exercise is frequently used for assessing O2 supply and extraction. Thus, this study examined the effects of IPC on systemic and local O2 dynamics during the incremental step transitions from low- to moderate- and from moderate- to severe-intensity exercise. Fifteen healthy, male subjects were instructed to perform the work-to-work cycling exercise test, which was preceded by the control (no occlusion) or IPC (3 × 5 min, bilateral leg occlusion at >300 mmHg) treatments. The work-to-work test was performed by gradually increasing the exercise intensity as follows: low intensity at 30 W for 3 min, moderate intensity at 90% of the gas exchange threshold (GET) for 4 min, and severe intensity at 70% of the difference between the GET and VO2 peak until exhaustion. During the exercise test, the breath-by-breath pulmonary VO2 and near-infrared spectroscopy-derived muscle deoxygenation were continuously recorded. Exercise endurance during severe-intensity exercise was significantly enhanced by IPC. There were no significant differences in pulmonary VO2 dynamics between treatments. In contrast, muscle deoxygenation dynamics in the step transition from low- to moderate-intensity was significantly faster in IPC than in CON (27.2 ± 2.9 vs. 19.8 ± 0.9 sec, P < 0.05). The present findings showed that IPC accelerated muscle deoxygenation dynamics in moderate-intensity exercise and enhanced severe-intensity exercise endurance during work-to-work test. The IPC-induced effects may result from mitochondrial activation in skeletal muscle, as indicated by the accelerated O2 extraction.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan.
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kido
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan t-suga@fc.ritsumei.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suga
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan.
authors.forename: Daichi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan.
authors.forename: Toyoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Honjo
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Homma
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan.
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hamaoka
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Isaka
keywords: Exercise; mitochondria; near‐infrared spectroscopy; nitric oxide; skeletal muscle