title: Nut consumption and risk of colorectal cancer in women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increasing nut consumption has been associated with reduced risk of obesity and type II diabetes, the risk factors for colorectal cancer. However, the association between nut consumption and colorectal cancer risk is unclear. We aimed to examine the association of long-term nut consumption with risk of colorectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively followed 75,680 women who were free of cancer at baseline in the Nurses' Health Study, and examined the association between nut consumption and colorectal cancer risk. Nut consumption was assessed at baseline and updated every 2-4 years. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During 2,103,037 person-years of follow-up, we identified 1503 colorectal cancer cases. After adjustment for other known or suspected risk factors, women who consumed nuts 2 or more times per week (that is, ⩾ 56 g per week) had a 13% lower risk of colorectal cancer compared with those who rarely consumed nuts, but the association was not statistically significant (RR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.72-1.05; P-trend: 0.06). No association was observed for peanut butter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this large prospective cohort of women, frequent nut consumption was not significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk after adjusting for other risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.|Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.|Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.|Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: F B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.|Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.|Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Giovannucci
authors.affiliation: Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.|Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.|Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Stampfer
authors.affiliation: Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.|Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.|Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Willett
authors.affiliation: Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.|Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.affiliation: Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.|Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009754:Nuts; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires