title: Measurement of Intrahepatic Pressure during Microwave Ablation in an Ex Vivo Bovine Liver Model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We experimented with different ablation methods and two types of microwave antennas to determine whether microwave ablation (MWA) increases intrahepatic pressure and to identify an MWA protocol that avoids increasing intrahepatic pressure.
  
  
  METHODS
  MWA was performed using either a single-step standard ablation or a stepwise increment ablation paired with either a 16-gauge (G) 2-cm antenna or a 14G 4-cm antenna. We compared the maximum pressures and total ablation volumes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean maximum intrahepatic pressures and ablation volumes were as follows 16G single-step 37±33.4 mm Hg and 4.63 cm(3); 16G multistep 31±18.7 mm Hg and 3.75 cm(3); 14G single-step 114±45.4 mm Hg and 15.33 cm(3); and 14G multistep 106±43.8 mm Hg and 10.98 cm(3). The intrahepatic pressure rose during MWA, but there were no statistically significant differences between the single and multistep methods when the same gauge antennae were used. The total ablation volume was different only in the 14G groups (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated an increase in intrahepatic pressure during MWA. The multistep method may be used to prevent increased intrahepatic pressure after applying the proper power.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hae Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyunchul
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rhim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Min Woo
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Woo Kyoung
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Jeong
mesh_terms: D055011:Ablation Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D008099:Liver / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D008488:Medical Illustration; D008872:Microwaves; D023421:Models, Animal; D011312:Pressure
keywords: Ex vivo; Intrahepatic pressure; Liver; Microwave ablation