title: Understanding the individual responsiveness to resistance training periodization.
abstract: This study was designed to compare the effects of linear periodization (LP) and undulating periodization (UP) on functional capacity, neuromuscular function, body composition, and cytokines in elderly sedentary women. We also aimed to identify the presence of high responders (HR), medium responders (MR), and low responders (LR) for irisin, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to resistance training (RT). Forty-nine elderly women were assigned to a control group, LP, and UP scheme. Functional capacity, body composition, maximal strength, irisin, TLR-4, BDNF, and IL-1β were evaluated. Both periodization models were effective in improving 45° leg press 1RM, chair-stand, arm curl, and time-up and go tests, with no significant differences in body composition and cytokines. Furthermore, HR, MR, and LR were identified for irisin, IL-1β, TLR-4, and BDNF, with differences between groups and moments. This study provides evidence that both periodization models were effective in improving functional capacity and neuromuscular function, with no effect on body composition and cytokines (probably as a consequence of the different responsiveness). Furthermore, for the first time, HR, MR, and LR were identified for irisin, IL1-β, TLR-4, and BDNF in response to RT.
authors.affiliation: Graduation Program on Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil, jonatop@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jonato
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prestes
authors.forename: Dahan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: da Cunha Nascimento
authors.forename: Ramires Alsamir
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Tibana
authors.forename: Tatiane Gomes
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: Denis Cesar Leite
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: Vitor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tajra
authors.forename: Darlan Lopes
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: de Farias
authors.forename: Alessandro Oliveira
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Silvana Schwerz
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Funghetto
authors.forename: Vinicius Carolino
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.forename: James Wilfred
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Navalta
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D010809:Physical Fitness; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; C577593:FNDC5 protein, human; D005353:Fibronectins; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; C579455:BDNF protein, human