title: Comparative study of the endoscope-based bevelled and volume fiber-optic Raman probes for optical diagnosis of gastric dysplasia in vivo at endoscopy.
abstract: This study aims to compare the diagnostic performance of the two different endoscope-based fiber-optic Raman probe designs (i.e., bevelled and volume Raman probes) for real-time, in vivo detection of gastric dysplasia at endoscopy. To conduct the clinical comparison, a total of 1,050 in vivo tissue Raman spectra (normal: n = 864; dysplasia: n = 186) were acquired from 66 gastric patients (normal: n = 48; dysplasia: n = 18) by using bevelled Raman probe, while a total of 1,913 in vivo tissue Raman spectra (normal: n = 1,786; dysplasia: n = 127) were acquired from 98 gastric patients (normal: n = 87; dysplasia: n = 11) by using volume Raman probe. The bevelled Raman probe provides approximately twofold improvements in tissue Raman-to-autofluorescence intensity ratios as compared to the use of volume Raman probe. Partial least squares discriminant analysis together with leave-one patient-out cross-validation on in vivo tissue Raman spectra acquired yields a diagnostic accuracy of 93.0 % (sensitivity of 92.5 %; specificity of 93.1 %) for differentiating gastric dysplasia from normal gastric tissue by using the bevelled fiber-optic Raman probe, which is superior to the diagnostic performance (accuracy of 88.4 %; sensitivity of 85.8 %; specificity of 88.6 %) by using the volume Raman probe. This work demonstrates that the Raman spectroscopic technique coupled with bevelled fiber-optic Raman probe has great potential to enhance in vivo diagnosis of gastric precancer and early cancer at endoscopy. Graphical Abstract Comparison of in vivo gastric tissue Raman spectra acquired by using bevelled and volume fiber-optic Raman probes.
authors.affiliation: Optical Bioimaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore.
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Optical Bioimaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore.
authors.forename: Kan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Optical Bioimaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
authors.forename: Khek Yu
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Teh
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
authors.forename: Khay Guan
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Yeoh
authors.affiliation: Optical Bioimaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore. biehzw@nus.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Zhiwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D005336:Fiber Optic Technology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005773:Gastroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013270:Stomach / Q000473:pathology*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology
keywords: Endoscopy; Fiber-optic Raman probe; Gastric dysplasia; In vivo optical diagnosis; Raman spectroscopy