title: Disruptive behavior in Down syndrome children: a cross-sectional comparative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Down syndrome (DS) is associated with intellectual disability, and patients with DS show significant psychopathology. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of disruptive behavior in DS patients compared to their siblings, and to find any association between the disruptive behavior and the degree of intelligence.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a cross-sectional comparative study done in Mansoura University Children's Hospital during the period March 1, 2012-February 28, 2013.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 100 cases of DS and an equal number of their brothers/sisters were enrolled in the study. The Arabic version of Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale was used for assessing social and mental intelligence quotient (IQ). The Arabic version of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children (MINI-KID) and disruptive behavior disorder (DBD) rating scale were used for assessing disruptive behavior disorders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both social and mental IQs were significantly higher in non-DS than in DS cases. The prevalence of different variants of attention deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD)-impulsive, inattentive, and combined types-was significantly lower in non-DS than in DS cases; however, there was no statistical difference between both groups as regards oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder (CD). Also among DS cases, impulsive and combined types varied significantly with the degree of their IQ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ADHD was more common among DS patients with a special impact of IQ on the type of psychiatric illness. We recommend psychiatric assessment for DS patients as a part of multidisciplinary management.
authors.forename: Sohier
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yahia
authors.affiliation: Abdel-Hady El-Hadidy, MD, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health,, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516,, Egypt 00201060714481, ahgilany@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El-Hadidy
authors.forename: Abdel-Hady
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: El-Gilany
authors.forename: Dina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Amdel-Hady
authors.forename: Yahya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wahba
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Haggar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D004534:Egypt / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D035781:Siblings / Q000523:psychology*