title: The influence of poly(ethylene glycol) ether tetrasuccinimidyl glutarate on the structural, physical, and biological properties of collagen fibers.
abstract: Various chemical, natural, or synthetic in origin, crosslinking methods have been proposed over the years to stabilise collagen fibers. However, an optimal method has yet to be identified. Herein, we ventured to assess the potential of 4-star poly(ethylene glycol) ether tetrasuccinimidyl glutarate, as opposed to glutaraldehyde (GTA), genipin and carbodiimide, on the structural, physical and biological properties of collagen fibers. The 4-star poly(ethylene glycol) ether tetrasuccinimidyl glutarate induced an intermedium surface smoothness, denaturation temperature and swelling. The 4-star poly(ethylene glycol) ether tetrasuccinimidyl glutarate fibers had significantly higher stress at break values than the carbodiimide fibers, but significantly lower than the GTA and genipin fibers. With respect to strain at break, no significant difference was observed among the crosslinking treatments. The 4-star poly(ethylene glycol) ether tetrasuccinimidyl glutarate fibers exhibited significantly higher cell metabolic activity and DNA concentration that all other crosslinking treatments, promoted consistently cellular elongation along the longitudinal fiber axis and by day 7 they were completely covered by cells. Collectively, this work clearly demonstrates the potential of 4-star poly(ethylene glycol) ether tetrasuccinimidyl glutarate as collagen crosslinker. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 914-922, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Vornia Biomaterials Ltd., Galway, Ireland.|Institute of Materials Research and Innovation, University of Bolton, Bolton, UK.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanami
authors.affiliation: Vornia Biomaterials Ltd., Galway, Ireland.|Institute of Materials Research and Innovation, University of Bolton, Bolton, UK.
authors.forename: India
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sweeney
authors.affiliation: Vornia Biomaterials Ltd., Galway, Ireland.|Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Zvi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shtein
authors.affiliation: Vornia Biomaterials Ltd., Galway, Ireland.|Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Sigal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meirovich
authors.affiliation: Regenerative, Modular and Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biosciences Research Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland.|Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB), Biosciences Research Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland.|CURAM-Centre for Research in Medical Devices, Biosciences Research Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sorushanova
authors.affiliation: Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Ireland.
authors.forename: Anne Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mullen
authors.affiliation: Vornia Biomaterials Ltd., Galway, Ireland.|Institute of Materials Research and Innovation, University of Bolton, Bolton, UK.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miraftab
authors.affiliation: Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Oded
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Shoseyov
authors.affiliation: Vornia Biomaterials Ltd., Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Colm
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: O'Dowd
authors.affiliation: Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB), Biosciences Research Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland.|CURAM-Centre for Research in Medical Devices, Biosciences Research Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Abhay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pandit
authors.affiliation: Regenerative, Modular and Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biosciences Research Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland.|Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB), Biosciences Research Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland.|CURAM-Centre for Research in Medical Devices, Biosciences Research Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Dimitrios I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Zeugolis
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005977:Glutarates / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D005977:Glutarates; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D003094:Collagen; C000595209:polyethylene glycol 1000
keywords: collagen crosslinking; collagen fibers; cytocompatibility; mechanical properties; starPEG