title: Molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Clostridium difficile clinical isolates from Victoria, Australia.
abstract: Some Australian strain types of Clostridium difficile appear unique, highlighting the global diversity of this bacterium. We examined recent and historic local isolates, finding predominantly toxinotype 0 strains, but also toxinotypes V and VIII. All isolates tested were susceptible to vancomycin and metronidazole, while moxifloxacin resistance was only detected in recent strains.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Kate E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Mackin
authors.affiliation: School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
authors.forename: Briony
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.affiliation: Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Despina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kotsanas
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Benjamin P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Howden
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Glen P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.affiliation: Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Microbiology, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Tony M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Korman
authors.affiliation: School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia; PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
authors.forename: Thomas V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Julian I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Rood
authors.affiliation: Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Grant A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Jenkin
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia. Electronic address: dena.lyras@monash.edu.
authors.forename: Dena
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lyras
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003015:Clostridium Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000494:pharmacology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014739:Victoria
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D008795:Metronidazole; D014640:Vancomycin; D000077266:Moxifloxacin
keywords: Clostridium difficile; Clostridium difficile Australia; Clostridium difficile antibiotic resistance; Clostridium difficile epidemiology; Clostridium difficile toxinotypes