title: Follicle-stimulating hormone associates with prediabetes and diabetes in postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  No study explores the association between follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and glucose metabolism in general women. We aim to investigate whether the variation of FSH is associated with prediabetes and diabetes in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our data were from survey on prevalence in East China for metabolic diseases and risk factors in 2014. Thousand six hundred and ten postmenopausal women at the age of 55-89 who were not using hormone replacement therapy were selected. Prediabetes and diabetes were defined according to American Diabetes Association 2014 criteria. FSH, luteinizing hormone, total testosterone and estradiol were measured by chemiluminescence. Multinomial logistic analyses were used for the association of FSH with prediabetes and diabetes, and linear regression for the association of FSH with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the participants, 778 (48.3 %) had prediabetes and 121 (7.5 %) had newly diagnosed diabetes. In linear regression, after full adjustment for demographic variables, metabolic factors, E2 and LH, FSH was associated with FPG and HbA1c (P < 0.05). In logistic regression, increased quartiles of FSH were associated with significantly decreased odds ratios of prediabetes and diabetes (P for trend <0.01). This association was attenuated by waist circumference and HOMA-IR, but persisted in fully adjusted model (P for trend <0.05) in which, for the lowest compared with the highest quartile of FSH, the odds ratios of prediabetes and diabetes were 1.93 (95 % CI 1.21-3.08; P < 0.01) and 3.02 (95 % CI 1.10-8.31; P < 0.05), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low FSH was associated with prediabetes and diabetes in postmenopausal women. The associations might be partially explained by adiposity and insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
authors.forename: Ningjian
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kuang
authors.affiliation: Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
authors.forename: Chunfang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
authors.forename: Yingchao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
authors.forename: Fangzhen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cang
authors.affiliation: Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
authors.forename: Chaoxia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
authors.forename: Chi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
authors.forename: Dongping
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China. luyingli2008@126.com.
authors.forename: Yingli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000378:metabolism*; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006728:Hormones
keywords: Diabetes; Follicle-stimulating hormone; Postmenopause; Women