title: Inflammation is associated to volume status in peritoneal dialysis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is a relationship between inflammation and volume status in patients underwent peritoneal dialysis (PD).
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study included 159 PD patients. The median duration of PD was 17 (range, 1-151) months. All patients were examined using bioelectrical impedance analysis to estimate the ratio of extracellular water to total body water (ECW/TBW), which was used to assess their volume status. The patients were categorized as having one of the following three volume statuses: hypervolemic (above +2 SD from the mean, which was obtained from healthy controls), normovolemic (between +2 SD and -2 SD), or hypovolemic (below -2 SD from the mean). Five patients with hypovolemia were excluded from the study. Fifty-six patients were hypervolemic whereas 98 patients were euvolemic. High-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were measured to evaluate inflammation in all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  hs-CRP value levels were significantly higher in hypervolemic patients compared with euvolemic patients [7.1 (3.1-44.0) mg/L vs. 4.3 (3.1-39.6), p: 0.015, respectively]. Left ventricular hypertrophy was more frequent in hypervolemic patients compared with euvolemic patients (53.6% vs. 30.6%, p: 0.004, respectively). ECW/TBW ratio positively correlated with hs-CRP (r: 0.166, p: 0.039). Gender, hs-CRP, and residual Kt/V urea were found to be independent risk factors for hypervolemia in multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inflammation is associated with hypervolemia in PD patients. Residual renal functions play an important role to maintain euvolemia in PD patients.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nephrology and.
authors.forename: Aydin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Unal
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nephrology and.
authors.forename: Feridun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kavuncuoglu
authors.affiliation: b Department of Cardiology, Erciyes University Medical School , Kayseri , Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duran
authors.affiliation: b Department of Cardiology, Erciyes University Medical School , Kayseri , Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Oguz
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nephrology and.
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kocyigit
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nephrology and.
authors.forename: Murat Hayri
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Sipahioglu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nephrology and.
authors.forename: Bulent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tokgoz
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nephrology and.
authors.forename: Oktay
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Oymak
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D010953:Plasma Volume / Q000502:physiology; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014883:Water-Electrolyte Imbalance / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Gender; hypervolemia; inflammation; peritoneal dialysis; residual renal function