title: One-year treatment persistence with local estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women diagnosed as having vaginal atrophy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Estrogen therapy is considered to be the most effective treatment of vaginal atrophy (VA) symptoms. This retrospective study compares rates of pharmacy refill-based treatment persistence in women treated for VA with local estrogen therapy (LET) creams versus low-dose vaginally administered tablets.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study cohort included treatment-naive women aged 45 years or older within the IMS PharMetrics Plus claims database who filled one or more prescriptions for a LET cream or tablet between January 1, 2010 and September 30, 2012. Index LET was the first observed LET claim in pharmacy records. Persistence was defined as the number of consecutive days of treatment available of the index LET during the 12-month follow-up period. In adjusted analyses, we compared the risks of discontinuation of index therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 30,197 women eligible for analysis, 12,187 (40.4%) initiated treatment with conjugated estrogens vaginal cream, 11,574 (38.3%) initiated treatment with estradiol vaginal cream, and 6,436 (21.3%) initiated treatment with 10-μg vaginal estradiol tablets (formulation introduced in 2010). Cohorts were comparable on age, geography, and baseline comorbidities. During the 12-month follow-up period, 86.2% to 89.4% of cream users discontinued LET after the first prescription compared with 57.8% of tablet users (P < 0.0001). A greater proportion of tablet initiators than cream users were fully (100%) persistent during the 12-month follow-up period. Mean treatment duration was 103.4 days for tablets versus 44.6 to 48.1 days for creams (P < 0.0001). After adjustment for baseline characteristics, tablet initiators had a lower risk of discontinuation compared with cream users (P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-dose LET tablets, compared with cream formulations, are associated with greater persistence in the treatment of VA.
authors.affiliation: 1Columbus Center for Women's Health Research, Columbus, OH 2Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 3IMS Health, Alexandria, VA 4Novo Nordisk Inc, Plainsboro, NJ.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Portman
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shulman
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yeaw
authors.forename: Sha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Chioma
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Uzoigwe
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maamari
authors.forename: Neeraj N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Iyer
mesh_terms: D000282:Administration, Intravaginal; D001284:Atrophy / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D052776:Female Urogenital Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014621:Vagina / Q000473:pathology*; D014622:Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies
chemical_list: D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); D014622:Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies