title: Characteristic features of cognitive, affective and daily living functions of late-elderly dementia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The world is rapidly aging, and is facing an increase of late-elderly dementia patients. It is important to investigate the characteristic features of late-elderly dementia in a super-aged country.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 1554 patients with cognitive decline in Department of Neurology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan, divided into three subgroups according to the age: young-elderly (age ≤64 years), middle-elderly (age 65-74 years) and late-elderly (age 75 years), and investigated the cognitive, affective and activities of daily living functions (ADL), especially in late-elderly patients compared with young-elderly and middle-elderly patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 1554 patients, Alzheimer's disease dominated at 62%, and age-dependently increased up to 69% in the late-elderly group. The total scores of four cognitive tests were significantly worse with aging for specific subscales of orientation, recall, visual retention, word fluency and so on. In contrast, total scores of the affective tests showed only an increase in the apathy scale in the late-elderly group. Each subgroup showed depressive/depression in 63.2-55.2%, and apathy in 44.2-54.8%. Furthermore, instrumental ADL items significantly deteriorated in the late-elderly group, which statistically correlated with Mini-Mental State Examination score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that the late-elderly group is characterized by significant cognitive declines, increasing apathy, and instrumental ADL decrease. The cognitive decline may be related to such affective and ADL declines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Nozomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hishikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kota
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Syoichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Deguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abe
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D003704:Dementia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: affective functions; cognitive function; daily living function; late-elderly dementia; super-aged country