title: The Effects of a Sport-Specific Maximal Strength and Conditioning Training on Critical Velocity, Anaerobic Running Distance, and 5-km Race Performance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of a sport-specific maximal 6-wk strength and conditioning program on critical velocity (CV), anaerobic running distance (ARD), and 5-km time-trial performance (TT).
  
  
  METHODS
  16 moderately trained recreational endurance runners were tested for CV, ARD, and TT performances on 3 separate occasions (baseline, midstudy, and poststudy).
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were randomly allocated into a strength and conditioning group (S&C; n = 8) and a comparison endurance-training-only group (EO; n = 8). During the first phase of the study (6 wk), the S&C group performed concurrent maximal strength and endurance training, while the EO group performed endurance-only training. After the retest of all variables (midstudy), both groups subsequently, during phase 2, performed another 6 wk of endurance-only training that was followed by poststudy tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant change for CV was identified in either group. The S&C group demonstrated a significant decrease for ARD values after phases 1 and 2 of the study. TT performances were significantly different in the S&C group after the intervention, with a performance improvement of 3.62%. This performance increase returned close to baseline after the 6-wk endurance-only training.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combining a 6-wk resistance-training program with endurance training significantly improves 5-km TT performance. Removing strength training results in some loss of those performance improvements.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Sports Science and Human Performance, University of Greenwich, Kent, UK.
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Karsten
authors.forename: Liesbeth
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Colpus
authors.forename: Eneko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Larumbe-Zabala
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Naclerio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D010806:Physical Education and Training / Q000379:methods; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors