title: Prevalence of beta and gamma human papillomaviruses in the anal canal of men who have sex with men is influenced by HIV status.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mucosal high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types benefit differently from the immunocompromised status of the host. So far it is not known whether a similar scenario holds for the large group of the β and γ cutaneous HPV types that appear to be present at several anatomical sites.
  
  
  METHODS
  The presence of β (n=43) and γ (n=30) HPVs in the anal samples of 66 HIV-positive and 153 HIV-negative anonymized men who have sex with men (MSM) was determined by multiplex PCR, using type-specific primers and bead-based hybridization (Luminex technology).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of β and γ HPV infection was 65.6% and 68.2%, respectively, among HIV-positive MSM and 59.1% and 57.7%, respectively, among HIV-negative MSM. β-2 and γ-10 were found to be the most prevalent species in both groups. The prevalence of infection with HPV types of the species β-1 (P=0.02), β-3 (P=0.002), γ-6 (P=0.002), and γ-7 (P=0.02) was higher in HIV-positive than HIV-negative men. In contrast, the β-2 species was equally distributed in the two groups, while the γ-10 species was slightly affected by HIV status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings provide evidence that impairment of the host's immune surveillance impacts β and γ HPV infections differently.
authors.affiliation: Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69008 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69008 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Tarik
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gheit
authors.affiliation: Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69008 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McKay-Chopin
authors.affiliation: Sandoval Health Centre, ES-28029 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Sandoval Health Centre, ES-28029 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jorge Del
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.affiliation: Unità Operativa complessa di Dermatologia Presidio Ospedaliero. A. Perrino, Brindisi, Italy.
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Filotico
authors.affiliation: STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Gabriella
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Doná
authors.affiliation: Retrovirus and Papillomavirus Unit, National Centre of Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.affiliation: Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69008 Lyon, France. Electronic address: tommasino@iarc.fr.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tommasino
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000821:virology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anal canal; HIV status; β and γ HPVs