title: Programa Geração Biz, Mozambique: how did this adolescent health initiative grow from a pilot to a national programme, and what did it achieve?
abstract: Adolescent sexual and reproductive health gained particular traction in Mozambique following the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development leading to the inception of Programa Geração Biz (PGB), a multi-sectoral initiative that was piloted starting in 1999 and fully scaled-up to all provinces by 2007. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to gather information on PGB and analyzed how it planned and managed the scale-up effort using the WHO-ExpandNet framework. PGB's activities comprised a clear and credible innovation. Appropriate resource and user organizations further facilitated national scale-up. Challenges relating to the complex nature of the multi-sectoral approach and resistance due to norms about adolescent sexual and reproductive health hindered scaling-up in some geographic areas. The national government exhibited commitment and ownership to PGB through budgetary support and integration into multiple policies. This study adds to the documentation of successful scaling-up strategies that can provide guidance for policy makers and programme managers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. chandramouliv@who.int.
authors.forename: Venkatraman
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chandra-Mouli
authors.affiliation: Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. sgibbs@jhu.edu.
authors.forename: Susannah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gibbs
authors.affiliation: Pathfinder International, Maputo, Mozambique. rbadiani@pathfinder.org.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Badiani
authors.affiliation: Government of Mozambique Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique. quinhasf@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Fernandes
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Quinhas
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. svanemyrj@who.int.
authors.forename: Joar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Svanemyr
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000067697:Adolescent Health / Q000639:trends*; D016497:Adolescent Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D009073:Mozambique; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000458:organization & administration*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D060728:Reproductive Health / Q000639:trends*; D034121:Reproductive Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*