title: Views of Swedish commissioning parents relating to the exploitation discourse in using transnational surrogacy.
abstract: Transnational surrogacy, when people travel abroad for reproduction with the help of a surrogate mother, is a heavily debated phenomenon. One of the most salient discourses on surrogacy is the one affirming that Westerners, in their quest for having a child, exploit poor women in countries such as India. As surrogacy within the Swedish health care system is not permitted, Swedish commissioning parents have used transnational surrogacy, and the majority has turned to India. This interview study aimed to explore how commissioning parents negotiate the present discourses on surrogacy. Findings from the study suggest that the commissioning parents' views on using surrogacy are influenced by competing discourses on surrogacy represented by media and surrogacy agencies. The use of this reproductive method resulted, then, in some ambiguity. Although commissioning parents defy the exploitation discourse by referring to what they have learnt about the surrogate mother's life situation and by pointing at the significant benefits for her, they still had a request for regulation of surrogacy in Sweden, to better protect all parties involved. This study, then, gives a complex view on surrogacy, where the commissioning parents simultaneously argue against the exploitation discourse but at the same time are uncertain if the surrogate mothers are well protected in the surrogacy arrangements. Their responses to the situation endorse the need for regulation both in Sweden and India.
authors.affiliation: Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arvidsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Welfare Studies, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Johnsdotter
authors.affiliation: Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Birgitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Essén
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007316:Insemination, Artificial, Heterologous / Q000941:ethics* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010290:Parents; D011247:Pregnancy; D013533:Gestational Carriers / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D013548:Sweden