title: Update on bariatric surgery in adolescence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent evidence highlighting the prevalence of severe obesity in the pediatric population, coupled with disappointing outcomes related to medical weight loss interventions, has led to increased interest in bariatric surgery. This article focuses on recent additions to the literature regarding the current indications and outcomes of adolescent bariatric surgery, emerging guidelines on the development of surgical weight loss programs and the status of access to bariatric surgical care for adolescents in the United States.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Current data have shown a steady rise in the use of bariatric surgery among adolescents and serve to highlight the prevalence of several important obesity-related comorbidities. In addition to reports showing the safety and efficacy of adolescent bariatric surgery, a number of investigators have demonstrated significant improvement in key physiological and metabolic parameters (i.e., glucose metabolism, elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia, etc.), offering updated consensus-driven guidelines for the indications for surgical intervention, as well as the development of multidisciplinary adolescent-specific care. Despite favorable outcomes, a disparity exists between the pediatric and adult populations related to access to such care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to previous small and mostly retrospective series, contemporary studies have shown that adolescent bariatric surgery is well tolerated and effective. Despite these findings and the emergence of a national consensus regarding multidisciplinary care, skepticism among primary care providers, as well as significant challenges related to healthcare access, remain. Longitudinal studies and open dialogue within the medical community are needed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Rajan K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Thakkar
authors.forename: Marc P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Michalsky
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D050110:Bariatric Surgery / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015897:Comorbidity; D006801:Humans; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D018579:Patient Selection; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D015431:Weight Loss