title: The natural yeast extract isolated by ethanol precipitation inhibits melanin synthesis by modulating tyrosinase activity and downregulating melanosome transfer.
abstract: This study was conducted to examine the effects of EP-2, a natural yeast extract isolated by ethanol precipitation from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, on melanogenesis and to determine its underlying mechanism of action. Our results show that although EP-2 is not a direct tyrosinase inhibitor, when EP-2 was added to the culture media of B16F10 melanoma cells, intracellular tyrosinase activity was decreased. However, EP-2 had no effect on the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor or tyrosinase. EP-2 was found to inhibit melanogenesis and melanosome transfer when it was added to melanocytes and keratinocytes in coculture. In addition, protease-activated receptor 2, a key protein associated with melanosome transfer from melanocytes to keratinocytes, was downregulated in the presence of EP-2. In conclusion, EP-2 is a potent inhibitor of melanogenesis and its hypomelanogenic effect is related to the inhibition of tyrosinase activity and transfer of melanosomes.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center , University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea.
authors.forename: Woo Jin
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Do Young
authors.initials: do Y
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.forename: Seung Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.forename: Su Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chong Hyun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Won
authors.forename: Mi Woo
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jee Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Sung Eun
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D008543:Melanins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008544:Melanocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D020460:Melanosomes / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D008543:Melanins; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase
keywords: ethanol precipitation; melanogenesis; melanosome; tyrosinase; yeast