title: sE-cadherin serves as a diagnostic and predictive parameter in prostate cancer patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Measurement of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) advanced the diagnostic and prognostic potential for prostate cancer (PCa). However, due to PSA's lack of specificity, novel biomarkers are needed to improve risk assessment and ensure optimal personalized therapy. A set of protein molecules as potential biomarkers was therefore evaluated in serum of PCa patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum samples from patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RPE) for biopsy-proven PCa without neoadjuvant treatment were compared to serum samples from healthy subjects. Preliminary screening of 119 proteins in 10 PCa patients and 10 controls was carried out by the Proteome Profiler Antibody Array. Those markers showing distinct differences between patients and controls were then further evaluated by ELISA in the serum of 165 PCa patients and 19 controls. Uni- and multivariate as well as correlation analysis were performed to test the capability of these molecules to detect disease and predict pathological outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Screening showed that soluble (s)E-cadherin, E-selectin, MMP2, MMP9, TIMP1, TIMP2, Galectin and Clusterin warranted further evaluation. sE-Cadherin, TIMP1, Galectin and Clusterin were significantly over- and MMP9 under-expressed in PCa compared to controls. The concentration of sE-cadherin, MMP2 and Clusterin correlated negatively and that of MMP9 and TIMP1 positively with the Gleason Sum at prostatectomy. Only sE-cadherin significantly correlated with the highest Gleason pattern. Compared to serum PSA, sE-cadherin provided an independent and better matching predictive ability for discriminating PCas with an upgrade at RPE and aggressive tumors with a Gleason Sum ≥7.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  sE-cadherin performed most favorably from a large panel of serum proteins in terms of diagnostic and predictive potential in curatively treatable PCa. sE-cadherin merits further investigation as a biomarker for PCa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. igor.tsaur@kgu.de.
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tsaur
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. kristina.thurn@kgu.de.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thurn
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. eva.juengel@kgu.de.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Juengel
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. kilian.gust@kgu.de.
authors.forename: Kilian M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Gust
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. hendrik.borgmann@kgu.de.
authors.forename: Hendrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Borgmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. rene.mager@kgu.de.
authors.forename: Rene
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mager
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. georg.bartsch@kgu.de.
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bartsch
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. oppermann@em.uni-frankfurt.de.
authors.forename: Elsie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oppermann
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biostatistics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. ackermann@add.uni-frankfurt.de.
authors.forename: Hanns
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ackermann
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. kar_nelson@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. axel.haferkamp@kgu.de.
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haferkamp
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. roman.blaheta@kgu.de.
authors.forename: Roman A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Blaheta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015820:Cadherins / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D020543:Proteome; D040901:Proteomics
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015820:Cadherins; D020543:Proteome