title: Improving recognition of hepatic perivascular epithelioid cell tumor: Case report and literature review.
abstract: A 58-year-old man presented with the chief complaint of abdominal bloating and was incidentally found to have a liver tumor. As diagnostic imaging studies could not rule out malignancy, the patient underwent partial resection of segment 3 of the liver. The lesion pathologically showed eosinophilic proliferation, in addition to immunohistochemical positivity for human melanoma black 45 and Melan-A, thereby leading to the diagnosis of a hepatic perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa). A PEComa arising from the liver is relatively rare. Moreover, the name 'PEComa' has not yet been widely recognized, and the same disease entity has been called epithelioid angiomyolipoma (EAML), further diminishing the recognition of PEComa. In addition, PEComa imaging findings mimic those of malignant liver tumors, and clinically, this tumor tends to enlarge. Therefore, a PEComa is difficult to diagnose. We conducted a systematic review of PEComa and EAML cases and discuss the results, including findings useful for differentiating perivascular epithelioid cell tumors from malignant liver tumors.
authors.affiliation: Toshiya Maebayashi, Katsumi Abe, Takuya Aizawa, Masakuni Sakaguchi, Naoya Ishibashi, Osamu Abe, Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maebayashi
authors.affiliation: Toshiya Maebayashi, Katsumi Abe, Takuya Aizawa, Masakuni Sakaguchi, Naoya Ishibashi, Osamu Abe, Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: Toshiya Maebayashi, Katsumi Abe, Takuya Aizawa, Masakuni Sakaguchi, Naoya Ishibashi, Osamu Abe, Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aizawa
authors.affiliation: Toshiya Maebayashi, Katsumi Abe, Takuya Aizawa, Masakuni Sakaguchi, Naoya Ishibashi, Osamu Abe, Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
authors.forename: Masakuni
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
authors.affiliation: Toshiya Maebayashi, Katsumi Abe, Takuya Aizawa, Masakuni Sakaguchi, Naoya Ishibashi, Osamu Abe, Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
authors.affiliation: Toshiya Maebayashi, Katsumi Abe, Takuya Aizawa, Masakuni Sakaguchi, Naoya Ishibashi, Osamu Abe, Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: Toshiya Maebayashi, Katsumi Abe, Takuya Aizawa, Masakuni Sakaguchi, Naoya Ishibashi, Osamu Abe, Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadatoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.affiliation: Toshiya Maebayashi, Katsumi Abe, Takuya Aizawa, Masakuni Sakaguchi, Naoya Ishibashi, Osamu Abe, Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.affiliation: Toshiya Maebayashi, Katsumi Abe, Takuya Aizawa, Masakuni Sakaguchi, Naoya Ishibashi, Osamu Abe, Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.affiliation: Toshiya Maebayashi, Katsumi Abe, Takuya Aizawa, Masakuni Sakaguchi, Naoya Ishibashi, Osamu Abe, Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazushige
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nirei
authors.affiliation: Toshiya Maebayashi, Katsumi Abe, Takuya Aizawa, Masakuni Sakaguchi, Naoya Ishibashi, Osamu Abe, Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Toshiya Maebayashi, Katsumi Abe, Takuya Aizawa, Masakuni Sakaguchi, Naoya Ishibashi, Osamu Abe, Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.affiliation: Toshiya Maebayashi, Katsumi Abe, Takuya Aizawa, Masakuni Sakaguchi, Naoya Ishibashi, Osamu Abe, Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugitani
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D001706:Biopsy; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D033162:Incidental Findings; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054973:Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: Angiomyolipoma; Human melanoma black 45; Imaging; Melan-A; Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor; Tuberous sclerosis