title: Accuracy Evaluation of Oncentra™ TPS in HDR Brachytherapy of Nasopharynx Cancer Using EGSnrc Monte Carlo Code.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  HDR brachytherapy is one of the commonest methods of nasopharyngeal cancer treatment. In this method, depending on how advanced one tumor is, 2 to 6 Gy dose as intracavitary brachytherapy is prescribed. Due to high dose rate and tumor location, accuracy evaluation of treatment planning system (TPS) is particularly important. Common methods used in TPS dosimetry are based on computations in a homogeneous phantom. Heterogeneous phantoms, especially patient-specific voxel phantoms can increase dosimetric accuracy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, using CT images taken from a patient and ctcreate-which is a part of the DOSXYZnrc computational code, patient-specific phantom was made. Dose distribution was plotted by DOSXYZnrc and compared with TPS one. Also, by extracting the voxels absorbed dose in treatment volume, dose-volume histograms (DVH) was plotted and compared with Oncentra™ TPS DVHs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results from calculations were compared with data from Oncentra™ treatment planning system and it was observed that TPS calculation predicts lower dose in areas near the source, and higher dose in areas far from the source relative to MC code. Absorbed dose values in the voxels also showed that TPS reports D90 value is 40% higher than the Monte Carlo method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Today, most treatment planning systems use TG-43 protocol. This protocol may results in errors such as neglecting tissue heterogeneity, scattered radiation as well as applicator attenuation. Due to these errors, AAPM emphasized departing from TG-43 protocol and approaching new brachytherapy protocol TG-186 in which patient-specific phantom is used and heterogeneities are affected in dosimetry.
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Engineering Department, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran;
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hadad
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Engineering Department, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran;
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zohrevand
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Engineering Department, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran;
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Faghihi
authors.affiliation: Mahdieh M.R.I Center, Hamedan, Iran;
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sedighi Pashaki
keywords: EGSnrc; Nasopharynx; TPS; Voxel-based Phantom