title: Electronic modulation of infrared radiation in graphene plasmonic resonators.
abstract: All matter at finite temperatures emits electromagnetic radiation due to the thermally induced motion of particles and quasiparticles. Dynamic control of this radiation could enable the design of novel infrared sources; however, the spectral characteristics of the radiated power are dictated by the electromagnetic energy density and emissivity, which are ordinarily fixed properties of the material and temperature. Here we experimentally demonstrate tunable electronic control of blackbody emission from graphene plasmonic resonators on a silicon nitride substrate. It is shown that the graphene resonators produce antenna-coupled blackbody radiation, which manifests as narrow spectral emission peaks in the mid-infrared. By continuously varying the nanoresonator carrier density, the frequency and intensity of these spectral features can be modulated via an electrostatic gate. This work opens the door for future devices that may control blackbody radiation at timescales beyond the limits of conventional thermo-optic modulation.
authors.affiliation: 1] Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA [2] Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
authors.forename: Victor W
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Brar
authors.affiliation: 1] Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA [2] Resnick Sustainability Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Sherrott
authors.affiliation: 1] Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA [2] Global Frontier Center for Multiscale Energy Systems, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min Seok
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
authors.forename: Seyoon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 1] Global Frontier Center for Multiscale Energy Systems, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea [2] Division of WCU Multiscale Mechanical Design, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mansoo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Nanophotonics and Metamaterials Laboratory, Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, California 90250, USA.
authors.forename: Luke A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Sweatlock
authors.affiliation: 1] Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA [2] Resnick Sustainability Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
authors.forename: Harry A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Atwater