title: Integrative and systemic approaches for evaluating PPARβ/δ (PPARD) function.
abstract: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of nuclear receptors that function as transcription factors regulating the expression of genes involved in cellular differentiation, development, metabolism and also tumorigenesis. Three PPAR isotypes (α, β/δ and γ) have been identified, among which PPARβ/δ is the most difficult to functionally examine due to its tissue-specific diversity in cell fate determination, energy metabolism and housekeeping activities. PPARβ/δ acts both in a ligand-dependent and -independent manner. The specific type of regulation, activation or repression, is determined by many factors, among which the type of ligand, the presence/absence of PPARβ/δ-interacting corepressor or coactivator complexes and PPARβ/δ protein post-translational modifications play major roles. Recently, new global approaches to the study of nuclear receptors have made it possible to evaluate their molecular activity in a more systemic fashion, rather than deeply digging into a single pathway/function. This systemic approach is ideally suited for studying PPARβ/δ, due to its ubiquitous expression in various organs and its overlapping and tissue-specific transcriptomic signatures. The aim of the present review is to present in detail the diversity of PPARβ/δ function, focusing on the different information gained at the systemic level, and describing the global and unbiased approaches that combine a systems view with molecular understanding.
authors.affiliation: Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Greta M P
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Giordano Attianese
authors.affiliation: Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Béatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Desvergne
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002468:Cell Physiological Phenomena; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D047494:PPAR delta / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D048068:PPAR-beta / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D049490:Systems Biology / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D047494:PPAR delta; D048068:PPAR-beta
keywords: ChIP; PPARβ/δ; Systems Biology; nuclear receptor