title: The Prevalence of Pseudoexfoliation and the Long-term Changes in Eyes With Pseudoexfoliation in a South Indian Population.
abstract: To report the prevalence, long-term changes and associated factors for pseudoexfoliation (PEX) in a population aged 40 years and above from rural and urban south India.
  
  
  
  At baseline (the Chennai Glaucoma Study), 7774 subjects were examined. After 6 years, as a part of the incidence study, 133 of the 290 subjects diagnosed with PEX at baseline were reexamined for long-term changes. Participants had detailed examination at base hospital.
  
  
  
  At baseline PEX was noted in 290 [3.73%, 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.3-4.2] subjects. It was associated with glaucoma in 24 (8.3%), ocular hypertension (OHT) in 21 (7.2%), and occludable angles in 24 (8.3%) subjects. The age-adjusted and sex-adjusted prevalence was 3.41% (95% CI, 3.39-3.43). Increasing age was a significant associated factor. Using the 40- to 49-year age group as a reference, the odds ratio increased from 8.4 (95% CI, 4.1-17.1) for the 50- to 59-year age group to 51.2 (95% CI, 25.8-101.6) for the 70 years and above age group. Other associated factors were rural residence (P<0.001), higher intraocular pressure (P<0.001), cataract (P<0.001), being underweight (P=0.01), manual labor (P=0.03), and aphakia (P<0.001). Of the 133 subjects reexamined, 8 (6.0%) subjects developed glaucoma and all had OHT at baseline. Rates of cataract surgery were (P<0.001) higher in subjects with PEX.
  
  
  
  Prevalence of PEX was higher in rural population and baseline OHT was a significant factor for conversion to glaucoma.
authors.affiliation: *Glaucoma Project, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya †Elite School of Optometry, Chennai ‡Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India.
authors.forename: Lingam
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vijaya
authors.forename: Rashima
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Asokan
authors.forename: Manish
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Panday
authors.forename: Nikhil S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Choudhari
authors.forename: Ramesh V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Sathyamangalam
authors.forename: Lokapavani
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Velumuri
authors.forename: Ronnie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: George
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000869:Anterior Eye Segment / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D018450:Disease Progression; D017889:Exfoliation Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D013997:Time Factors; D014505:Urban Population; D058609:Visual Field Tests