title: Disposal of historically contaminated soil in the cement industry and the evaluation of environmental performance.
abstract: Approximately 400000t of DDTs/HCHs-contaminated soil (CS) needed to be co-processed in a cement kiln with a time limitation of 2y. A new pre-processing facility with a "drying, grinding and DDTs/HCHs vaporizing" ability was equipped to meet the technical requirements for processing cement raw meal and the environmental standards for stack emissions. And the bottom of the precalciner with high temperatures >1000°C was chosen as the CS feeding point for co-processing, which has rarely been reported. To assess the environmental performance of CS pre- and co-processing technologies, according to the local regulation, a test burn was performed by independent and accredited institutes systematically for determination of the clinker quality, kiln stack gas emissions and destruction efficiency of the pollutant. The results demonstrated that the clinker was of high quality and not adversely affected by CS co-processing. Stack emissions were all below the limits set by Chinese standards. Particularly, PCDD/PCDF emissions ranged from 0.0023 to 0.0085ngI-TEQNm(-3). The less toxic OCDD was the peak congener for CS co-processing procedure, while the most toxic congeners (i.e. 2,3,7,8-TeCDD, 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD and 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDD) remained in a minor proportion. Destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) and destruction efficiency (DE) of the kiln system were better than 99.9999% and 99.99%, respectively, at the highest CS feeding rate during normal production. To guarantee the environmental performance of the system the quarterly stack gas emission was also monitored during the whole period. And all of the results can meet the national standards requirements.
authors.affiliation: Huaxin Cement Co. Ltd., Tower 5, Int'L Enterprise Center, No. T1 Guanggu Avenue, Wuhan 430073, PR China. Electronic address: liyeqing@huaxincem.com.
authors.forename: Yeqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Huaxin Environment Engineering Co. Ltd., Tower 5, Int'L Enterprise Center, No. T1 Guanggu Avenue, Wuhan 430073, PR China.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Huaxin Environment Engineering Co. Ltd., Tower 5, Int'L Enterprise Center, No. T1 Guanggu Avenue, Wuhan 430073, PR China.
authors.forename: Wenjuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.affiliation: Huaxin Environment Engineering Co. Ltd., Tower 5, Int'L Enterprise Center, No. T1 Guanggu Avenue, Wuhan 430073, PR China.
authors.forename: Huanzhong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Huaxin Cement Co. Ltd., Tower 5, Int'L Enterprise Center, No. T1 Guanggu Avenue, Wuhan 430073, PR China.
authors.forename: Mao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D005740:Gases; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005740:Gases; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D012987:Soil; C051452:1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
keywords: Cement kiln; Co-processing; DDTs/HCHs-contaminated soil; DRE