title: Reversal of natural killer cell exhaustion by TIM-3 blockade.
abstract: Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells that become progressively exhausted in advanced stage cancer, crippling their ability to execute antitumor functions. We previously characterized the nature of NK cell exhaustion in metastatic melanoma patients, reporting a correlation with high expression of TIM-3. Blockade of this immune checkpoint molecule reversed the exhausted phenotype and improved NK cell function.
authors.affiliation: Tisch Cancer Institute and The Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai ; New York, NY USA.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gallois
authors.affiliation: NYU Langone Medical Center ; New York, NY USA.
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: NYU Langone Medical Center ; New York, NY USA.
authors.forename: Iman
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Osman
authors.affiliation: Tisch Cancer Institute and The Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai ; New York, NY USA.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bhardwaj
keywords: Tim-3; exhaustion; immune checkpoint; melanoma; natural killer cells