title: National and Gender Measurement Invariance of the Utrecht-Management of Identity Commitments Scale (U-MICS): A 10-Nation Study With University Students.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Utrecht-Management of Identity Commitments Scale (U-MICS), a self-report measure aimed at assessing identity processes of commitment, in-depth exploration, and reconsideration of commitment. We tested its factor structure in university students from a large array of cultural contexts, including 10 nations located in Europe (i.e., Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, and Switzerland), Middle East (i.e., Turkey), and Asia (i.e., China, Japan, and Taiwan). Furthermore, we tested national and gender measurement invariance. Participants were 6,118 (63.2% females) university students aged from 18 to 25 years (Mage = 20.91 years). Results indicated that the three-factor structure of the U-MICS fitted well in the total sample, in each national group, and in gender groups. Furthermore, national and gender measurement invariance were established. Thus, the U-MICS can be fruitfully applied to study identity in university students from various Western and non-Western contexts.
authors.affiliation: Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands e.crocetti@uu.nl.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Crocetti
authors.affiliation: Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cieciuch
authors.affiliation: Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China.
authors.forename: Cheng-Hai
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Theo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Klimstra
authors.affiliation: Tainan University of Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ching-Ling
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Paula Mena
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Matos
authors.affiliation: Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ümit
authors.initials: Ü
authors.lastname: Morsünbül
authors.affiliation: Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Oana
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Negru
authors.affiliation: Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimura
authors.affiliation: University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Grégoire
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.affiliation: Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Meeus
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D008297:Male; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011594:Psychometrics; D012649:Self Concept; D012737:Sex Factors; D013334:Students; D014495:Universities; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Asia; Europe; Middle East; U-MICS; cross-national; gender; identity; measurement invariance