title: Safety of clean urologic operations without prophylaxis antibiotic therapy in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta: A double-blind randomized controlled trial study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to identify the safety measures of performing clean urologic operations without administration of prophylaxis antibiotics.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a double-blind randomized controlled trial with patients who underwent clean urologic operations in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia, from April 2013 to January 2014. The local and systemic infection states were compared between the prophylaxis and placebo groups. Local infection was identified as surgical site infection and systemic infection as fever and leukocytosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 42 patients participated in the study (21 patients in each group), comprising 14 (33.3%) children and 28 (66.7%) adults. The most frequently performed operation was surgical sperm retrieval. No patients in either group were found to have local or systemic infection. However, there was a statistical difference in the white blood cell counts between the two groups (p = 0.003), although there was no sign of local or systemic infection in any of the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clean urologic operations without prophylaxis antibiotic therapy can be safely applied to urologic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Irfan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wahyudi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Ponco
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Birowo
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. Electronic address: gde.sanjaya@gmail.com.
authors.forename: I Putu Gde
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Sanjaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Rizky
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fawzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Nur
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rasyid
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Chaidir A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Mochtar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D002437:Cefazolin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002437:Cefazolin
keywords: clean urologic operation; local and systemic infection postoperation; prophylaxis antibiotics