title: The effect of low-nitrogen and low-calorie parenteral nutrition combined with enteral nutrition on inflammatory cytokines and immune functions in patients with gastric cancer: a double blind placebo trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of low-nitrogen and low-calorie parenteral nutrition (PN) combined with enteral nutrition (EN) on the inflammatory cytokines and immune function in patients with gastric cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between May 2012 and May 2014, 90 patients undergoing surgery for gastric cancer in our institution were involved in this double blind placebo study and randomly divided into experimental group and control group, 45 patients of each group. Patients in the control group would receive total parenteral nutrition (TPN) whereas patients in the experimental group would be supported with low-nitrogen and low-calorie PN combined with EN.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the 7th postoperative day 7, levels of IgA, IgM and IgG in experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group and preoperative values (p < 0.05). CRP level was significantly lower than that of controls and preoperatively (p < 0.05). Levels of IL-2 and TNF-α were significantly higher than those of controls and preoperatively (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As low-nitrogen and low-calorie PN combined with EN can effectively improve the immune function, reduce the inflammatory reactions and improve the postoperative quality of life (QoL) and prognosis in patients with gastric cancer, it is suitable for clinical application.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan, China. linghandoc@163.com.
authors.forename: J-H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: T-P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: M-J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D031204:Caloric Restriction / Q000379:methods; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004750:Enteral Nutrition / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition / Q000379:methods; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D009584:Nitrogen