title: Effect of various concentrations of caffeine, pentoxifylline, and kallikrein on hyperactivation of frozen bovine semen.
abstract: Caffeine, pentoxifylline, and kallikrein are substances that affect the efficiency of sperms in the fertilization process; however, they have not been adequately studied. The present study aimed to examine the influence of caffeine, kallikrein, and pentoxifylline on sperm motility in bovine as well as investigate their optimum concentrations for increasing the movement of sperms in bovine. Frozen bovine sperms were thawed in universal IVF medium supplemented with 1, 5, and 10 mM caffeine or pentoxifylline or 1, 4, and 8 U/mL kallikrein and were then incubated for 30 min. Treated semen parameters were analyzed using a computer assisted semen analyzer (CASA). Data analysis showed that the mean values concerning progression and motility of sperm increased in caffeine and pentoxifylline treatments when compared with the kallikrein group. The obtained results revealed that kallikrein is not necessary for the improvement of bovine sperm motility. Additionally, our results revealed that 5 mM from caffeine was the best concentration added to the medium, followed by 1 or 5 mM from pentoxifylline. Therefore, it is concluded from the present study that caffeine has hyperactivation efficacy at 5 mM concentration compared to other treatments.
authors.affiliation: Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia ; Cell Biology Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth Street, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ibrahim A H
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Barakat
authors.affiliation: Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Misurata University, Misurata, Libya.
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Danfour
authors.affiliation: Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Misurata University, Misurata, Libya.
authors.forename: Fatma A M
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Galewan
authors.affiliation: Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia ; Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dkhil
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D015925:Cryopreservation; D005306:Fertilization; D006801:Humans; D007610:Kallikreins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012662:Semen Preservation; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D002110:Caffeine; D007610:Kallikreins; D010431:Pentoxifylline