title: A novel rescue-tube device for in-water resuscitation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In-water resuscitation (IWR) is recommended in the 2010 guidelines of the European Resuscitation Council. As IWR represents a physical challenge to the rescuer, a novel Rescue Tube device with an integrated "Oxylator" resuscitator might facilitate IWR. The aim of the present study was the assessment of IWR using the novel Rescue Tube device.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tidal and minute volumes were recorded using a modified Laerdal Resusci Anne mannequin. Furthermore, rescue time, water aspiration, submersions, and physical exertion were assessed. In this randomized cross-over trial, 17 lifeguards performed four rescue maneuvers over a 100-m distance in open water in random order: no ventilation (NV), mouth-to-mouth ventilation (MMV), Oxylator-aided mask ventilation (OMV), and Oxylator-aided laryngeal tube ventilation (OLTV).
  
  
  RESULTS
  OLTV resulted in effective ventilation over the entire rescue distance with the highest mean minute volumes (NV 0, MMV 2.9, OMV 4.1, OLTV 7.6 L · min(-1)). NV was the fastest rescue maneuver while IWR prolonged the rescue maneuver independently of the method of ventilation (mean total rescue time: NV 217, MMV 280, OMV 292, OLTV 290 s). Aspiration of substantial amounts of water occurred only during MMV (mean NV 20, MMV 215, OMV 15, OLTV 6 ml). NV and OLTV were rated as moderately challenging by the lifeguards, whereas MMV and OMV were rated as substantially demanding on a 0-10 visual analog scale (NV 5.3, MMV 7.8, OMV 7.6, OLTV 5.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The device might facilitate IWR by providing effective ventilation with minimal aspiration and by reducing physical effort. Another advantage is the possibility of delivering 100% oxygen.
authors.forename: Yannick P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Lungwitz
authors.forename: Benedikt L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Nussbaum
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Paulat
authors.forename: Claus-Martin
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Muth
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kranke
authors.forename: Bernd E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Winkler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004332:Drowning / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008348:Manikins; D008875:Middle Aged; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000295:instrumentation*