title: Platelet-Rich Plasma Intra-articular Knee Injections Show No Superiority Versus Viscosupplementation: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease that will affect almost half the population at some point in their lives through pain and decreased functional capacity. New nonoperative options are being proposed to treat earlier stages of joint degeneration to provide symptomatic relief and delay surgical intervention.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the benefit provided by platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections to treat knee joint degeneration in comparison with hyaluronic acid (HA), the most common injective treatment currently adopted for this condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 443 patients were screened, and 192 of them were enrolled in the study according to the following inclusion criteria: (1) unilateral symptomatic knee with history of chronic pain (at least 4 months) or swelling and (2) imaging findings of degenerative changes (Kellgren-Lawrence score of 0-3 at radiographs or MRI evidence of degenerative chondropathy). Patients underwent 3 weekly intra-articular injections of either PRP or HA. Patients were prospectively evaluated at baseline and then at 2, 6, and 12 months of follow-up using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score (main outcome), Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, EuroQol visual analog scale, and Tegner score. Range of motion, transpatellar circumference, patient satisfaction, and adverse events were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two patients reported severe pain and swelling after HA injections, while no major adverse events were noted in the PRP group. However, PRP presented overall significantly more postinjection swelling and pain. Both treatments proved to be effective in improving knee functional status and reducing symptoms: the IKDC score in the PRP group rose from 52.4 ± 14.1 to 66.2 ± 16.7 at 12 months (P < .0005), and in the HA group it rose from 49.6 ± 13.0 to 64.2 ± 18.0 at 12 months (P < .0005). A similar trend was observed for all the clinical scores used. The comparative analysis of the 2 treatments showed no significant intergroup difference at any follow-up evaluation in any of the clinical scores adopted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PRP does not provide a superior clinical improvement with respect to HA, and therefore it should not be preferred to viscosupplementation as injective treatment of patients affected by knee cartilage degeneration and OA.
authors.affiliation: II Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic-Biomechanics and Technology Innovation Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Filardo
authors.affiliation: II Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic-Biomechanics and Technology Innovation Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy berardo.dimatteo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Berardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Di Matteo
authors.affiliation: II Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic-Biomechanics and Technology Innovation Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Martino
authors.affiliation: II Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic-Biomechanics and Technology Innovation Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Letizia
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Merli
authors.affiliation: Immuno-hematology and Transfusion Medicine Service, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Annarita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cenacchi
authors.affiliation: Immuno-hematology and Transfusion Medicine Service, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: PierMaria
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fornasari
authors.affiliation: II Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic-Biomechanics and Technology Innovation Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Maurilio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marcacci
authors.affiliation: Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Elizaveta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002357:Cartilage Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000628:therapy; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D053657:Platelet-Rich Plasma; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055676:Viscosupplementation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D006820:Hyaluronic Acid
keywords: PRP; cartilage; growth factors; injections; intra-articular; osteoarthritis; viscosupplementation