title: Hydrological change in Southern Europe responding to increasing North Atlantic overturning during Greenland Stadial 1.
abstract: Greenland Stadial 1 (GS-1) was the last of a long series of severe cooling episodes in the Northern Hemisphere during the last glacial period. Numerous North Atlantic and European records reveal the intense environmental impact of that stadial, whose origin is attributed to an intense weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in response to freshening of the North Atlantic. Recent high-resolution studies of European lakes revealed a mid-GS-1 transition in the climatic regimes. The geographical extension of such atmospheric changes and their potential coupling with ocean dynamics still remains unclear. Here we use a subdecadally resolved stalagmite record from the Northern Iberian Peninsula to further investigate the timing and forcing of this transition. A solid interpretation of the environmental changes detected in this new, accurately dated, stalagmite record is based on a parallel cave monitoring exercise. This record reveals a gradual transition from dry to wet conditions starting at 12,500 y before 2000 A.D. in parallel to a progressive warming of the subtropical Atlantic Ocean. The observed atmospheric changes are proposed to be led by a progressive resumption of the North Atlantic convection and highlight the complex regional signature of GS-1, very distinctive from previous stadial events.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; mbart@ipe.csic.es.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bartolomé
authors.affiliation: Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; Laboratorio Internacional de Cambio Global, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 8331150 Santiago, Chile;
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sancho
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Oviedo, 33005 Oviedo, Spain;
authors.forename: Heather M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Stoll
authors.affiliation: Institut für Geologie, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cacho
authors.affiliation: Departament d'Estratigrafia, Paleontologia i Geociències Marines, Universitat de Barcelona, 28080 Barcelona, Spain;
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spötl
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
authors.forename: Ánchel
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Belmonte
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455;
authors.forename: R Lawrence
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455; Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian 710049, China; and.
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hellstrom
keywords: Greenland Stadial 1; Iberia; Younger Dryas; speleothem; stable isotopes