title: Initiation and characterization of small cell lung cancer patient-derived xenografts from ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspirates.
abstract: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a devastating disease with limited treatment options. Due to its early metastatic nature and rapid growth, surgical resection is rare. Standard of care treatment regimens remain largely unchanged since the 1980's, and five-year survival lingers near 5%. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models have been established for other tumor types, amplifying material for research and serving as models for preclinical experimentation; however, limited availability of primary tissue has curtailed development of these models for SCLC. The objective of this study was to establish PDX models from commonly collected fine needle aspirate biopsies of primary SCLC tumors, and to assess their utility as research models of primary SCLC tumors. These transbronchial needle aspirates efficiently engrafted as xenografts, and tumor histomorphology was similar to primary tumors. Resulting tumors were further characterized by H&E and immunohistochemistry, cryopreserved, and used to propagate tumor-bearing mice for the evaluation of standard of care chemotherapy regimens, to assess their utility as models for tumors in SCLC patients. When treated with Cisplatin and Etoposide, tumor-bearing mice responded similarly to patients from whom the tumors originated. Here, we demonstrate that PDX tumor models can be efficiently established from primary SCLC transbronchial needle aspirates, even after overnight shipping, and that resulting xenograft tumors are similar to matched primary tumors in cancer patients by both histology and chemo-sensitivity. This method enables physicians at non-research institutions to collaboratively contribute to the rapid establishment of extensive PDX collections of SCLC, enabling experimentation with clinically relevant tissues and development of improved therapies for SCLC patients.
authors.affiliation: Stemcentrx, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Wade C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Environmental, and Sleep Medicine, Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, Virginia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Boyd
authors.affiliation: Stemcentrx, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aguilar
authors.affiliation: Stemcentrx, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Brett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pickell
authors.affiliation: Stemcentrx, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laysang
authors.affiliation: Stemcentrx, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Marybeth A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pysz
authors.affiliation: Stemcentrx, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bheddah
authors.affiliation: Stemcentrx, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ramoth
authors.affiliation: Stemcentrx, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Brian C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Slingerland
authors.affiliation: Stemcentrx, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Scott J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Dylla
authors.affiliation: Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Environmental, and Sleep Medicine, Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, Virginia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Edmundo R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Rubio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D001980:Bronchi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D055752:Small Cell Lung Carcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor