title: Increased serum levels of eotaxin/CCL11 in late-stage patients with bipolar disorder: An accelerated aging biomarker?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bipolar disorder (BD) is commonly comorbid with many medical disorders including atopy, and appears characterized by progressive social, neurobiological, and functional impairment associated with increasing number of episodes and illness duration. Early and late stages of BD may present different biological features and may therefore require different treatment strategies. Consequently, the aim of this study was to evaluate serum levels of eotaxin/CCL11, eotaxin-2/CCL24, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, IFNγ, BDNF, TBARS, carbonyl, and GPx in a sample of euthymic patients with BD at early and late stages compared to controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Early-stage BD patients, 12 late-stage patients, and 25 controls matched for sex and age were selected. 10mL of peripheral blood was drawn from all subjects by venipuncture. Serum levels of BDNF, TBARS, carbonyl content, glutathione-peroxidase activity (GPx), cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α and IFNγ), and chemokines (eotaxin/CCL11 and eotaxin-2/CCL24) were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no demographic differences between patients and controls. No significant differences were found for any of the biomarkers, except chemokine eotaxin/CCL11, whose serum levels were higher in late-stage patients with BD when compared to controls (p=0.022; Mann-Whitney U test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Small number of subjects and use of medication may have influenced in our results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study suggests a link between biomarkers of atopy and eosinophil function and bipolar disorder. These findings are also in line with progressive biological changes partially mediated by inflammatory imbalance, a process referred to as neuroprogression.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, INCT for Translational Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Psiquiatria, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil. Electronic address: bpanizzutti@gmail.com.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Panizzutti
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, INCT for Translational Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Brazil.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gubert
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, INCT for Translational Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Schuh
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, INCT for Translational Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Psiquiatria, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, INCT for Translational Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bristot
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, INCT for Translational Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Brazil.
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Fries
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, INCT for Translational Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Psiquiatria, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Massuda
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, INCT for Translational Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Psiquiatria, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Centro Universitário UNILASALLE, Canoas, Brazil.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walz
authors.affiliation: Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berk
authors.affiliation: Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, INCT for Translational Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Psiquiatria, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Gama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000097:blood*; D054413:Chemokine CCL11 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D054413:Chemokine CCL11
keywords: Aging; Biomarkers; Bipolar disorder; Eotaxin/CCL11; Inflammation; Staging