title: Serum visinin-like protein-1 in concussed professional ice hockey players.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Visinin-like protein-1 (VILIP-1) has shown potential utility as a biomarker for neuronal injury in cerebrospinal fluid. This study investigated serum VILIP-1 as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in sports-related concussion.
  
  
  METHODS
  This multi-centre prospective cohort study involved the 12 teams of the professional ice hockey league in Sweden. A total of 288 players consented to participate in the study. Thirty-five players sustained concussions, of whom 28 underwent repeated blood samplings at 1, 12, 36 and 144 hours after the trauma or when the player returned to play (7-90+ days).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest levels of VILIP-1 were measured 1 hour after concussion and the levels decreased during rehabilitation, reaching a minimum level at the 36-hour sampling. However, the levels of serum VILIP-1 at 1 hour after concussion were not significantly higher than pre-season baseline values. Serum levels of VILIP-1 1 hour post-concussion did not correlate with the number of days for the concussion symptoms to resolve. Further, serum levels of VILIP-1 increased after a friendly game in players who were not concussed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide evidence that serum VILIP-1 may not be a useful biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of sports-related concussion.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital , Mölndal , Sweden .
authors.forename: Pashtun
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shahim
authors.forename: Niklas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mattsson
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Macy
authors.forename: Dan L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Crimmins
authors.forename: Jack H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ladenson
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zetterberg
authors.forename: Kaj
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blennow
authors.forename: Yelverton
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tegner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006688:Hockey; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051596:Neurocalcin / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D051596:Neurocalcin
keywords: Biomarker; VILIP-1; brain injury; concussion; ice hockey