title: Potential effect of ultrasound on carbohydrates.
abstract: The use of ultrasound has emerged as one of the most useful alternative energy sources for the synthesis of carbohydrate-derived biologically and pharmaceutically potential compounds. Spectacular advances have been made in the field of sonication-assisted organic reactions, which are known for producing superior yields, enhanced reactivity of the reactant, improved stereoselectivity, and shortened reaction times. Orthogonal protection-deprotection reactions and/or modification and manipulation of functional groups in carbohydrates are common synthetic steps in carbohydrate chemistry. These reaction steps can be driven by the ultrasonic energy generated by acoustic cavitation via the formation and subsequent collapse of ultrasound-induced bubbles. The ultrasound-assisted synthesis of differently functionalised monosaccharides is useful in a wide variety of applications of carbohydrate chemistry such as the glycosylation of oligosaccharides, one pot domino reactions, thioglycoside syntheses, azidoglycoside syntheses, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions, and syntheses of natural products. This review article covers ultrasound-mediated reactions on carbohydrates that have been described in the literature since 2000.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030, India. Electronic address: lekha026@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Smritilekha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bera
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030, India.
authors.forename: Dhananjoy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mondal
authors.affiliation: Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Jacob T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030, India.
authors.forename: Man
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D002236:Carbohydrate Conformation; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry*; D006031:Glycosylation; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013010:Sonication; D000069453:Ultrasonic Waves
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D009844:Oligosaccharides
keywords: Domino reaction; Glycosylation; Oligosaccharide; Orthogonal protection-deprotection; Ultrasonication