title: Non-contact mapping-guided ablation of ventricular arrhythmias originating from the pulmonary artery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify unique electrophysiological characteristics of pulmonary artery (PA) ventricular arrhythmias (VA) and determine long-term clinical outcomes following non-contact mapping (NCM)-guided ablation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The NCM array was deployed in consecutive patients undergoing clinically indicated ablation of outflow tract (OT) VA with left bundle branch block morphology, inferior axis and the precordial lead transition zone ≥ V3. Activation, pace and NCM mapping parameters, and electrocardiogram analysis of PA VA patients were compared with 50 patients with right ventricular OT (RVOT) or aortic coronary cusps (ACC) foci. Of 170 consecutive patients, 20 (12%) patients (8 male, 39.7 ± 12.8 years old) with PA VA were identified. Electrocardiogram morphologies of PA ventricular tachycardia (VT) (located 10.8 ± 15.1 mm above the PV) were indistinguishable from RVOT VT, particularly those arising from the septal RVOT. Pulmonary artery VT can be mapped and ablated by targeting the site of earliest activation on NCM maps, with success rates of 90% after a single procedure, without anti-arrhythmics and mean follow-up of >5 years. Pace-mapping in the PA is complicated by frequent inability to capture (P < 0.01). Small far-field atrial potentials and smaller ventricular electrograms were more frequently recorded at successful sites of ablation in the PA (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-contact mapping is a useful technique to map PA VT and ablation at sites of earliest activation above the pulmonary valve is associated with excellent long-term clinical success.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pacing and Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China.
authors.forename: Fengxiang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Section of Pacing and Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Section of Pacing and Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China.
authors.forename: Hongwu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Section of Pacing and Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China.
authors.forename: Weizhu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.affiliation: National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Pipin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kojodjojo
authors.affiliation: Section of Pacing and Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China.
authors.forename: Mingfang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Section of Pacing and Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Section of Pacing and Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Section of Pacing and Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China.
authors.forename: Kejiang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Section of Pacing and Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China chenminglong@njmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Minglong
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D022062:Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018879:Ventricular Premature Complexes / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Non-contact mapping; Premature ventricular complexes; Pulmonary artery; Right ventricular outflow tract; Ventricular tachycardia