title: Tuberculosis case-finding in Cambodia: analysis of case notification data, 2000 to 2013.
abstract: The routine tuberculosis (TB) surveillance system in Cambodia has been strengthened under the National TB Programme (NTP). This paper provides an overview of the TB surveillance data for Cambodia at the national level for the period 2000 to 2013 and at the subnational level for 2013. The proportion of the total population that were screened for TB rose from 0.4% in 2001 to 1.1% in 2013, while the smear-positivity rate decreased from 28.9% to 8.1% in the same period. The total number of notified TB cases increased steadily from 2000; this has stabilized in recent years with 39 055 cases notified in 2013. The proportion of all TB cases that were smear-positive decreased from 78% in 2000 to 36% in 2013. Case notification rates (CNRs) for all forms of TB and new smear-positive TB in 2013 were 261 and 94 per 100 000 population, respectively. Higher CNRs were found in the north-western and south-eastern parts of the country and were higher for males especially in older age groups. The increase in TB screening, decline in the smear-positive rate and decline in notified smear-positive TB cases likely reflect a long-term positive impact of the NTP. A negative correlation between the proportion of the population screened and the smear-positivity rate at the subnational level helped identify where to find undiagnosed cases. Subnational differences in case notification of the elderly and in children provide more specific targets for case-finding and further encourage strategic resource allocation.
authors.affiliation: World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines .
authors.forename: Fukushi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Morishita
authors.affiliation: Office of the WHO Representative in Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia .
authors.forename: Valérie Burrus
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Furphy
authors.affiliation: Office of the WHO Representative in Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia .
authors.forename: Miwako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines .
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishikiori
authors.affiliation: National Center for Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia .
authors.forename: Mao Tan
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Eang
authors.affiliation: Office of the WHO Representative in Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia .
authors.forename: Rajendra-Prasad
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Yadav
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002160:Cambodia / Q000453:epidemiology; D018563:Disease Notification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult