title: [Treatment of pediatric traumatic macular holes].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the results of treatment of the traumatic macular holes (TMH) in four children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study analyzed data of 4 children, males with a mean age of 12.3 years (range, 9-17 years), with diagnosis of TMH. All patients suffered a blunt trauma of the eye during the sport activities. The symptoms of three patients began after being hit to the face with a soccer balls, one boy was hit to his eye by a tennis rocket. Right eyes and left eyes were occurred identically. All patients were followed with ophthalmic examination, fundus photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT). One patient aged 10 years two weeks after blunt trauma with a soccer ball achieved spontaneous closure of TMH. Three patients aged nine to 17 years with TMH underwent surgical repair between September 2007 and May 2012 with three-port vitrectomy. After induction of posterior vitreous detachment vitrectomy with or without internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling and gas or silicone oil injection were performed followed by prone positioning of head for ten days. Silicon oil was in an only patient removed within 3.5 month.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All four macular holes were closed successfully. Follow-up period was from 10 to 31 month (ranged, 20 month). There were no reoperations. There were no surgical complications during follow-up period. Visual acuity (VA) improved in all eyes. In spontaneously closed TMH was VA improved from 0.5 to 1.0. In surgically treated group VA improved from initial 0.016 to 0.1 (ranged, 0.061) to final 0.25 to 0.5 (ranged, 0.36).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pars plana vitrectomy is a safe method for treatment TMH in children without tends to spontaneous closure of TMD in OCT imaging. Predisposition for TMH in population south-east Asia is suspected.Key words: traumatic macular hole, children, optical coherence tomography, vitrectomy, spontaneous closure.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Štěpánková
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dotřelová
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014821:Vitrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis