title: Comparative toxicokinetics, absolute oral bioavailability, and biotransformation of zearalenone in different poultry species.
abstract: After oral (PO) and intravenous (IV) administration of zearalenone (ZEN) to broiler chickens, laying hens, and turkey poults, the mycotoxin was rapidly absorbed (Tmax = 0.32-0.97 h) in all three species; however, the absolute oral bioavailability was low (F% = 6.87-10.28%). Next, also a rapid elimination of the mycotoxin in all poultry species was observed (T(1/2el) = 0.29-0.46 h). Both α- and β-zearalenone (ZEL) were formed equally after IV administration in all species studied, whereas an increased biotransformation to β-ZEL was demonstrated after PO administration, indicating presystemic biotransformation mainly in broiler chickens and laying hens. In comparison to the latter, turkey poults demonstrated a more extensive biotransformation of ZEN to α-ZEL after PO administration which could, in combination with the observed higher volume of distribution of ZEN, indicate a higher sensitivity of this species to the effects of ZEN in comparison to other poultry species.
authors.affiliation: †Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, and §Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Devreese
authors.affiliation: †Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, and §Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Gunther
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Antonissen
authors.affiliation: †Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, and §Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Broekaert
authors.affiliation: †Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, and §Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Siegrid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Baere
authors.affiliation: †Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, and §Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vanhaecke
authors.affiliation: †Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, and §Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Backer
authors.affiliation: †Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, and §Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Siska
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Croubels
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D001711:Biotransformation; D002645:Chickens / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D066007:Toxicokinetics; D014422:Turkeys / Q000378:metabolism*; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D015025:Zearalenone
keywords: biotransformation; broiler chicken; laying hen; poultry; toxicokinetics; turkey; zearalenone