title: Prenatal Identification of Pierre Robin Sequence: A Review of the Literature and Look towards the Future.
abstract: Fetal ultrasonography is an important tool used to prenatally diagnose many craniofacial conditions. Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) is a rare congenital deformation characterized by micrognathia, glossoptosis, and airway obstruction. PRS can present as a perinatal emergency when the retropositioned tongue obstructs the airway leading to respiratory compromise. More predictable and reliable diagnostic studies could help the treating medical team as well as families prepare for these early airway emergencies. The medical literature was reviewed for different techniques used to prenatally diagnose PRS radiologically. We have reviewed these techniques and suggested a possible diagnostic pathway to consistently identify patients with PRS prenatally.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex., USA.
authors.forename: Matthew G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: Christopher I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Cassady
authors.forename: Charles H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hyman
authors.forename: Wesley
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Mehernoor F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Watcha
authors.forename: Helena K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Hippard
authors.forename: Olutoyin A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Olutoye
authors.forename: David Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Khechoyan
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Monson
authors.forename: Edward P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Buchanan
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D065710:Glossoptosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008844:Micrognathism / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010855:Pierre Robin Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006831:Polyhydramnios / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011247:Pregnancy; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal