title: The risk and outcomes of pneumonia in patients on inhaled corticosteroids.
abstract: Corticosteroids are frequently prescribed anti-inflammatory medications. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are indicated for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and asthma. ICS are associated with a decrease in exacerbations and improved quality of life in COPD, however multiple studies have linked the chronic use of ICSs with an increased risk of developing pneumonia, though the effect on mortality is unclear. We review the association of ICS with the risk of pneumonia and the implications on clinical outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IBB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167 Pavelló de Sant Frederic, Planta 1, 08025 Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: OSibila@santpau.cat.
authors.forename: Oriol
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sibila
authors.affiliation: South Texas Veterans Health Care System, 7400 Merton Minter Boulevard, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States; University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States. Electronic address: sotogomez@uthscsa.edu.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Soto-Gomez
authors.affiliation: South Texas Veterans Health Care System, 7400 Merton Minter Boulevard, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States; University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States. Electronic address: restrepom@uthscsa.edu.
authors.forename: Marcos I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Restrepo
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy; D011788:Quality of Life; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids
keywords: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Inhaled corticosteroids; Pneumonia