title: Applying developmental programming to clinical obstetrics: my ward round.
abstract: The theory of developmental programming is supported by accumulating evidence, both observational and experimental. The direct application of the principles of developmental programming by clinicians to benefit pregnant women remains an area of limited attention. Examining a selection of inpatients at an obstetric referral center, I searched for situations in which clinical decision making could be driven by the principles of developmental programming. I also looked for situations in which the clinical research agenda could be dictated by these concepts. In the decision to undertake preventive measures to avoid preeclampsia, the offspring's perspective may support more liberal application of calcium and aspirin. Consideration of the long-term health perspective of the offspring could drive choices in the management of obesity and diabetes in pregnancy. The administration of corticosteroids in women delivering by elective cesarean at term may have modest short-term benefits, but additional trials are necessary to investigate long-term offspring health. The offspring of women suffering hyperemesis gravidarum may benefit from nutritional therapy. The long-term health of the offspring could affect couples' choice for IVF or expectant management. Applying the principles of developmental programming to the management of pregnant women could drive clinical decision making and is driving the clinical research agenda. Increasingly, developmental programming concepts are becoming an integral part of clinical practice, as well as determining the choice of outcomes in trials in obstetrics and fertility medicine. The presented cases underscore the need for more research to guide clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,Academic Medical Centre,University of Amsterdam,Amsterdam,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Painter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development; D020073:Gravidity; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009774:Obstetrics; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000517:prevention & control*; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted
keywords: human; offspring; pregnancy