title: Depressive Symptoms and Disability Risk Among Older White and Latino Adults by Nativity Status.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine how the relationship between depressive symptoms and disability may vary by nativity status in later life.
  
  
  METHODS
  This nationally representative prospective study of community-dwelling adults age 51 years and older in the Health and Retirement Study (1998-2010) used hierarchical linear modeling to examine how depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiological Symptoms of Depression) and disability (instrumental activities of daily living [IADL]; activities of daily living [ADL]) vary by nativity status (U.S.- vs. foreign-born), accounting for changes in social support, health behaviors, and health conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Depressive symptoms were associated with increased IADL and ADL disability among Latinos compared with Whites; foreign-born Latinos had lower than expected depressive symptom-related IADL and ADL (0.82; p ≤ .001) disability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given that U.S.-born Latinos had similar or poorer depressive symptom-related disability outcomes than Whites, interventions focused on early detection and treatment of depressive symptoms for this group are warranted and may improve disablement outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Philadelphia VA Medical Center Philadelphia, PA, USA West Chester University of Pennsylvania, USA Mary.Bowen3@va.gov.
authors.forename: Mary Elizabeth
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bowen
authors.affiliation: West Chester University of Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruch
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003863:Depression / Q000208:ethnology*; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044382:Population Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012306:Risk; D014481:United States; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: activities of daily living (ADL); depression; health paradox; instrumental activities of daily living (IADL); minority health