title: Assessing drivers of full adoption of test and treat policy for malaria in Senegal.
abstract: Malaria treatment policy has changed from presumptive treatment to targeted "test and treat" (T&T) with malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and artemisinin combination therapy (ACT). This transition involves changing behavior among health providers, meaning delays between introduction and full implementation are recorded in almost every instance. We investigated factors affecting successful transition, and suggest approaches for accelerating uptake of T&T. Records from 2000 to 2011 from health clinics in Senegal where malaria is mesoendemic were examined (96,166 cases). The study period encompassed the implementation of national T&T policy in 2006. Analysis showed that adherence to test results is the first indicator of T&T adoption and is dependent on accumulation of experience with positive RDTs (odds ratio [OR]: 0.55 [P ≤ 0.001], 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.53-0.58). Reliance on tests for malaria diagnosis (rather than presumptive diagnosis) followed after test adherence is achieved, and was also associated with increased experience with positive RDTs (OR: 0.60 [P ≤ 0.001], 95% CI: 0.58-0.62). Logistic models suggest that full adoption of T&T clinical practices can occur within 2 years, that monitoring these behavioral responses rather than RDT or ACT consumption will improve evaluation of T&T uptake, and that accelerating T&T uptake by focusing training on adherence to test results will reduce overdiagnosis and associated health and economic costs in mesoendemic regions.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Faust
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zelner
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brasseur
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vaillant
authors.forename: Malick
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Badiane
authors.forename: Moustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cisse
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Grenfell
authors.forename: Piero
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Olliaro
mesh_terms: D000962:Antimalarials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D037621:Artemisinins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005334:Fever / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008288:Malaria / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012675:Senegal
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D037621:Artemisinins