title: MULTIDETECTOR-ROW COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY PATTERNS OF BRONCHOESPHAGEAL ARTERY HYPERTROPHY AND SYSTEMIC-TO-PULMONARY FISTULA IN DOGS.
abstract: Anomalies involving arterial branches in the lungs are one of the causes of hemoptysis in humans and dogs. Congenital and acquired patterns of bronchoesophageal artery hypertrophy have been reported in humans based on CT characteristics. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe clinical, echocardiographic, and multidetector computed tomography features of bronchoesophageal artery hypertrophy and systemic-to-pulmonary arterial communications in a sample of 14 dogs. Two main vascular patterns were identified in dogs that resembled congenital and acquired conditions reported in humans. Pattern 1 appeared as an aberrant origin of the right bronchoesophageal artery, normal origin of the left one, and enlargement of both the bronchial and esophageal branches that formed a dense network terminating in a pulmonary artery through an orifice. Pattern 2 appeared as a normal origin of both right and left bronchoesophageal arteries, with an enlarged and tortuous course along the bronchi to the periphery of the lung, where they communicated with subsegmental pulmonary arteries. Dogs having Pattern 1 also had paraesophageal and esophageal varices, with the latter being confirmed by videoendoscopy examination. Authors conclude that dogs with Pattern 1 should be differentiated from dogs with other congenital vascular systemic-to-pulmonary connections. Dogs having Pattern 2 should be evaluated for underlying pleural or pulmonary diseases. Bronchoesophageal artery hypertrophy can be accompanied by esophageal venous engorgement and should be included in the differential diagnosis for esophageal and paraesophageal varices in dogs.
authors.affiliation:  'San Marco' Private Veterinary Clinic, via Sorio 114/c, 35141, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ledda
authors.affiliation:  'San Marco' Private Veterinary Laboratory, via Sorio 114/c, 35141, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caldin
authors.affiliation:  'San Marco' Private Veterinary Laboratory, via Sorio 114/c, 35141, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mezzalira
authors.affiliation:  'San Marco' Private Veterinary Clinic, via Sorio 114/c, 35141, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bertolini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000662:veterinary; D001981:Bronchial Arteries / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004285:Dogs / Q000002:abnormalities; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000662:veterinary; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000662:veterinary; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000662:veterinary; D004947:Esophagus / Q000098:blood supply*; D006984:Hypertrophy; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D061330:Multidetector Computed Tomography / Q000662:veterinary*; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000002:abnormalities; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000662:veterinary; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016157:Vascular Fistula / Q000662:veterinary*
keywords: CTA; bronchoesophageal artery; computed tomography; dog; systemic‐to‐pulmonary artery fistula