title: Switching to multiple daily insulin injections in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: revisiting benefits from oman.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Optimal glycemic control is an important goal in the management of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Although the use of multiple daily injections (MDI) is a common regimen worldwide, its use is not yet universal in many countries. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of switching from a twice daily (BID) to a MDI insulin regimen in children and adolescents with T1DM in order to revisit its benefits in the Omani population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children and adolescents with T1DM at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman, between January 2007 and June 2013. Patients using the BID regimen for more than six months who were then switched to MDI were included in the analysis. We compared glycated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c) before and after the regimen change.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-three children were eligible for the study. Ten patients were excluded for various reasons. The remaining 43 patients were 58% male and 42% female, with a mean age of 9.4±3.7 years. There was significant decrease in the overall mean HbA1c level from baseline (10.0) compared to three months after switching to MDI (9.5); p=0.023. Nevertheless, the improvement was not significant in the subsequent follow-up visits at six and nine months. The reduction in HbA1c values was observed mainly in children five to 11 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Switching from a BID to MDI insulin regimen has favorable effects on the overall control of T1DM in children and adolescents, as assessed by HbA1c levels. In addition, this regimen has been proved to be safe and well tolerated by patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
authors.forename: Sharef Waadallah
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Sharef
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
authors.forename: Irfan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ullah
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
authors.forename: Azza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Shidhani
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
authors.forename: Tariq
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Al-Farsi
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
authors.forename: Saif
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Yaarubi
keywords: Adolescent; Children; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated; Insulin, Long-Acting; Insulin, Short-Acting; Oman