title: Hypertonic Saline (NaCl 7.5%) Reduces LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats.
abstract: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the most severe lung inflammatory manifestation and has no effective therapy nowadays. Sepsis is one of the main illnesses among ARDS causes. The use of fluid resuscitation is an important treatment for sepsis, but positive fluid balance may induce pulmonary injury. As an alternative, fluid resuscitation with hypertonic saline ((HS) NaCl 7.5%) has been described as a promising therapeutical agent in sepsis-induced ARDS by the diminished amount of fluid necessary. Thus, we evaluated the effect of hypertonic saline in the treatment of LPS-induced ARDS. We found that hypertonic saline (NaCl 7.5%) treatment in rat model of LPS-induced ARDS avoided pulmonary function worsening and inhibited type I collagen deposition. In addition, hypertonic saline prevented pulmonary injury by decreasing metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) activity in tissue. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation was reduced in HS group as well as neutrophil infiltration, NOS2 expression and NO content. Our study shows that fluid resuscitation with hypertonic saline decreases the progression of LPS-induced ARDS due to inhibition of pulmonary remodeling that is observed when regular saline is used.
authors.affiliation: Emergency Medicine Department, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. ricardopetroni@uol.com.br.|Faculdade de Medicina da USP, LIM-51, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 3 andar, sala 3189, Cerqueira César, 01246-903, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. ricardopetroni@uol.com.br.
authors.forename: Ricardo Costa
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Petroni
authors.affiliation: Emergency Medicine Department, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paolo Jose Cesare
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Biselli
authors.affiliation: Emergency Medicine Department, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thais Martins
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: de Lima
authors.affiliation: Emergency Medicine Department, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana Cardillo
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Theobaldo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elia Tamaso
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Caldini
authors.affiliation: Emergency Medicine Department, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosângela Nascimento
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Pimentel
authors.affiliation: Emergency Medicine Department, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Hermes Vieira
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Barbeiro
authors.affiliation: Emergency Medicine Department, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Suely Ariga
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.affiliation: Emergency Medicine Department, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Irineu Tadeu
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Velasco
authors.affiliation: Emergency Medicine Department, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco Garcia
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Soriano
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D056151:Airway Remodeling; D000403:Airway Resistance; D000818:Animals; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; C433788:lipopolysaccharide, E. coli O26-B6; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; C496052:Ptk2 protein, rat; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; C572337:Mmp9 protein, rat
keywords: acute lung injury; fluid resuscitation; focal adhesion kinase; nitric oxide; pulmonary fibrosis