title: Ecosystem services in coupled social-ecological systems: Closing the cycle of service provision and societal feedback.
abstract: Both the 'cascade model' of ecosystem service provision and the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response framework individually contribute to the understanding of human-nature interactions in social-ecological systems (SES). Yet, as several points of criticism show, they are limited analytical tools when it comes to reproducing complex cause-effect relationships in such systems. However, in this paper, we point out that by merging the two models, they can mutually enhance their comprehensiveness and overcome their individual conceptual deficits. Therefore we closed a cycle of ecosystem service provision and societal feedback by rethinking and reassembling the core elements of both models. That way, we established a causal sequence apt to describe the causes of change to SES, their effects and their consequences. Finally, to illustrate its functioning we exemplified and discussed our approach based on a case study conducted in the Alpujarra de la Sierra in southern Spain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geography, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 166, 53115, Bonn, Germany. mnassl@uni-bonn.de.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5922-3899
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nassl
authors.affiliation: Department of Geography, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 166, 53115, Bonn, Germany. joerg.loeffler@uni-bonn.de.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Löffler
mesh_terms: D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000191:economics*; D004463:Ecology / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D017753:Ecosystem; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D013030:Spain
keywords: Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) model; Ecosystem services; Human–nature interactions; Mountain Research; Sierra Nevada (Spain)