title: Evaluation of brief screens for gambling disorder in the substance use treatment setting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of brief screens for Gambling Disorder within a sample of people receiving outpatient treatment for substance use disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individuals (n = 300) recruited from intensive outpatient substance use treatment (23.67%) or methadone maintenance programs (76.34%) participated in the study. Four brief screens for Gambling Disorder were administered and compared to DSM-5 criteria. Receiver operator curves were created and an Area Under the Curve (AUC) analysis (an overall summary of the utility of the scale to correctly identify Gambling Disorder) was assessed for each.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On average participants were aged 46.4 years (SD = 10.2), African American/Black (70.7%), with an income less than $20,000/year (89.5%). Half the participants were female. Approximately 40% of participants (40.5%; n = 121) met DSM-5 criteria for Gambling Disorder. Accuracy of the brief screens as measured by hit rate were .88 for the BBGS, .77 for the Lie/Bet, .75 for NODS-PERC, and .73 for the NODS-CLiP. AUC analysis revealed that the NODS-PERC (AUC: .93 (95% CI: .91-.96)) and NODS-CLiP (AUC: .90 (95% CI: .86-.93)) had excellent accuracy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The NODS-PERC and NODS-CLiP had excellent accuracy at all cut-off points. However, the BBGS appeared to have the best accuracy at its specified cut-off point.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Commonly used brief screens for Gambling Disorder appear to be associated with good diagnostic accuracy when used in substance use treatment settings. The choice of which brief screen to use may best be decided by the needs of the clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Psychiatric Services Research, Baltimore, Maryland.|University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Gambling Center of Excellence, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Seth S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Himelhoch
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Psychiatric Services Research, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Haley
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miles-McLean
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Psychiatric Services Research, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Deborah R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Medoff
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Psychiatric Services Research, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kreyenbuhl
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Gambling Center of Excellence, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Loreen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rugle
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bailey-Kloch
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Psychiatric Services Research, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Potts
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Gambling Center of Excellence, Baltimore, Maryland.|University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Welsh
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brownley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D040343:Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; D015897:Comorbidity; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D055815:Young Adult