title: Arsenic rich Himalayan hot spring metagenomics reveal genetically novel predator-prey genotypes.
abstract: Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus are small Deltaproteobacteria that invade, kill and assimilate their prey. Metagenomic assembly analysis of the microbial mats of an arsenic rich, hot spring was performed to describe the genotypes of the predator Bdellovibrio and the ecogenetically adapted taxa Enterobacter. The microbial mats were enriched with Bdellovibrio (1.3%) and several Gram-negative bacteria including Bordetella (16%), Enterobacter (6.8%), Burkholderia (4.8%), Acinetobacter (2.3%) and Yersinia (1%). A high-quality (47 contigs, 25X coverage; 3.5 Mbp) draft genome of Bdellovibrio (strain ArHS; Arsenic Hot Spring) was reassembled, which lacked the marker gene Bd0108 associated with the usual method of prey interaction and invasion for this genus, while maintaining genes coding for the hydrolytic enzymes necessary for prey assimilation. By filtering microbial mat samples (< 0.45 μm) to enrich for small predatory cell sizes, we observed Bdellovibrio-like cells attached side-on to E. coli through electron microscopy. Furthermore, a draft pan-genome of the dominant potential host taxon, Enterobacter cloacae ArHS (4.8 Mb), along with three of its viral genotypes (n = 3; 42 kb, 49 kb and 50 kb), was assembled. These data were further used to analyse the population level evolutionary dynamics (taxonomical and functional) of reconstructed genotypes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.|Biosciences Division (BIO), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA.
authors.forename: Naseer
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sangwan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Nottingham University, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Carey
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
authors.forename: Anukriti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
authors.forename: Vipin
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics & Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India.
authors.forename: Paramjit
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Khurana
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics & Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India.
authors.forename: Jitendra P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Khurana
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Nottingham University, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: R Elizabeth
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Sockett
authors.affiliation: Biosciences Division (BIO), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA.|Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.|College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors.forename: Jack A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
authors.forename: Rup
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lal
mesh_terms: D000220:Adaptation, Biological / Q000235:genetics; D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D005838:Genotype; D045482:Hot Springs / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology*; D054892:Metagenome; D056186:Metagenomics; D064307:Microbiota; D010802:Phylogeny; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D001151:Arsenic