title: Childhood Maltreatment and Development of Substance Use Disorders: A Review and a Model of Cognitive Pathways.
abstract: Exposure to childhood maltreatment (CM) is associated with increased risk for developing substance use disorders (SUDs). CM exerts negative effects on cognitive abilities including intellectual performance, memory, attention, and executive function. Parallel cognitive impairments have been observed in SUDs. Hence, limited studies have examined the mediating effect of cognitive impairments in the relationship between CM and SUDs. In addition, most studies used concurrent self-report assessments in adult populations. Longitudinal studies that investigated the long-term consequences of CM on psychopathology, including SUDs, throughout childhood, adolescence, and adulthood are rare. Thus, the underlying developmental pathways between CM and SUDs are not clearly understood. In this article, we review the evidence that cognitive impairments mediate, at least in part, the relationship between CM and development of SUDs and propose a model that explains how CM increases the risk for SUDs through the development of a cognitive framework of vulnerability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada hanie.edalati@alumni.ubc.ca.
authors.forename: Hanie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Edalati
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Marvin D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Krank
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology*; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D012306:Risk; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000209:etiology*
keywords: childhood maltreatment; cognitive impairment; substance use disorders