title: Present and future of personalized medicine in adult genitourinary tumors.
abstract: The development of targeted agents has completely revolutionized the therapeutic scenario of genitourinary tumors. However, no biomarkers of tumor response or patient tolerability have been validated so far, and the selection of patients who may benefit from these approaches is still empirical. Significant advances in genomic sequencing and molecular characterization of these tumors have allowed identification of complex genomic abnormalities, thus increasing our knowledge on cancer biological landscapes and paving the way to the development of personalized strategies based on the patient's genomic and cancer's molecular profiles. This review is an overview of recent findings and emerging individualized therapies in patients with prostate, renal and bladder cancer, focusing on the promises and limitations of this approach in this setting.
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ciccarese
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santoni
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Massari
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lopez-Beltran
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scarpelli
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: Giampaolo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tortora
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cascinu
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Montironi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000639:trends*; D014565:Urogenital Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: bladder cancer; genitourinary tumors; personalized therapy; prostate cancer; renal cell carcinoma; targeted therapy