title: Alternative Treatments For Melanoma: Targeting BCL-2 Family Members to De-Bulk and Kill Cancer Stem Cells.
abstract: For the first time new treatments in melanoma have produced significant responses in advanced diseases, but 30-90% of melanoma patients do not respond or eventually relapse after the initial response to the current treatments. The resistance of these melanomas is likely due to tumor heterogeneity, which may be explained by models such as the stochastic, hierarchical, and phenotype-switching models. This review will discuss the recent advancements in targeting BCL-2 family members for cancer treatments, and how this approach can be applied as an alternative option to combat melanoma, and overcome melanoma relapse or resistance in current treatment regimens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
authors.forename: Nabanita
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
authors.forename: Josianna V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Schwan
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dermatology Section, Denver, Colorado, USA.
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dermatology Section, Denver, Colorado, USA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Norris
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA. Electronic address: Yiqun.Shellman@ucdenver.edu.
authors.forename: Yiqun G
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Shellman
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D000529:Complementary Therapies / Q000379:methods; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000517:prevention & control; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D011379:Prognosis; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2