title: Individuals with prediabetes identified by HbA1c undergoing coronary angiography have worse cardiometabolic profile than those identified by fasting glucose.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Type 2 diabetes mellitus has well known deleterious effects on coronary artery disease (CAD). The role of milder hyperglycemic states such as prediabetes (PD) on CAD is debatable. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) has recently been advocated as a diagnostic tool for diabetes mellitus (DM) and PD. This study aims to assess the cardiometabolic risk profile and coronary lesions of patients with PD undergoing coronary angiography identified either by fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or HbA1c levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 514 individuals without previously known glucose disturbances. Their glycemic status was assessed by FPG and HbA1c (HPLC) and classified according to ADA guidelines, using each parameter independently, as having normal glucose tolerance (N), PD, or DM. CAD was defined as stenosis greater than 50% in one major coronary vessel or branch. Framingham score was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects with PD had a similar frequency of CAD compared do N individuals by both FPG (61 vs. 59.3%) and HbA1c (55.4 vs 61.2%) (p non-significant for linear-by-linear association). PD individuals identified by FPG had worse HOMA2B (mean [95% CI] 65.4 [60.9-69.9] vs. 76.6 [71.4-81.9]) and HOMA2-IR (1.10 [0.98-1.22] vs. 0.80 [0.72-0.89]) when compared to N controls. PD individuals identified by HbA1c had higher frequency of Framingham risk above 20% (25.4 vs 11.8%), arterial hypertension (87.8 vs 72.6%), and dyslipidemia (83.8 vs 72%) compared to N individuals. PD associated with an increased number of coronary lesions only when diagnosed by HbA1c (median [interquartile interval] 2 [0-4] PD versus 1 [0-3.75] N, p = 0.03 for trend).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HbA1c was more effective than FPG in identifying individuals with PD associated with high cardiovascular risk profile in a sample of individuals undergoing coronary angiography.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Center, Endocrinology Unit, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valdecira M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Piveta
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Center, Endocrinology Unit, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Celia S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Bittencourt
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Center, Endocrinology Unit, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carolina Sv
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Center, Endocrinology Unit, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saddi-Rosa
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Center, Endocrinology Unit, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Deyse M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Meira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências da Vida - Colegiado de Medicina, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Rua Silveira Martins, 2555 Cabula, Salvador, BA CEP: 41.150-000, Brazil ; Centro de Endocrinologia do Estado da Bahia (CEDEBA), Salvador, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando Ma
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Giuffrida
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Center, Endocrinology Unit, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: André F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Reis
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Coronary angiography; Hemoglobin A1c; Hyperglycemia; Prediabetes; Type 2 diabetes