title: Sol-gel processing of novel bioactive Mg-containing silicate scaffolds for alveolar bone regeneration.
abstract: Periodontal tissue regeneration is an important application area of biomaterials, given the large proportion of the population affected by periodontal diseases like periodontitis. The aim of this study was the synthesis of a novel porous bioceramic scaffold in the SiO2-CaO-MgO system with specific properties targeted for alveolar bone tissue regeneration using a modification of the traditional foam replica technique. Since bioceramic scaffolds are considered brittle, scaffolds were also coated with gelatin in order to increase their mechanical stability. Gelatin was chosen for its biocompatibility, biodegradability, low-cost, and low immunogenicity. However, gelatin degrades very fast in water solutions. For this reason, two different cross-linking agents were evaluated. Genipin, a non-toxic gardenia extract and the chemical compound 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) in combination with N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), which is also considered non-toxic. The results of the investigation indicated that all scaffolds presented an open, interconnected porosity and pores' sizes in the range of 300-600 μm, fast apatite-forming ability, biocompatibility, and suitable mechanical stability.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Ourania-Menti
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Goudouri
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Alina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grünewald
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Detsch
authors.affiliation: Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Eleana
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kontonasaki
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany ouraniamenti-goudouri@uiowa.edu aldo.boccaccini@ww.uni-erlangen.de.
authors.forename: Aldo R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Boccaccini
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry; D016557:Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017633:Magnesium Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D044367:Phase Transition; D016062:Porosity; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D017633:Magnesium Silicates; C005013:Florisil; D005780:Gelatin
keywords: Mg-containing silicate scaffolds; alveolar bone regeneration; biocompatibility; gelatin; sol–gel