title: Residential radon and lung cancer characteristics in never smokers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to assess if there is a relationship between residential radon and lung cancer histological types and patients' age at diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a multicenter hospital-based case-control study with eight participating hospitals. We included 216 never-smoking cases with primary lung cancer and 329 never-smoking controls. Controls were frequency matched with cases on age and sex distribution. Of them, 198 cases (91.7%) and 275 controls (83.5%) had residential radon measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lung cancer risk reached statistical significance only for adenocarcinoma (Odds ratio [OR] 2.19; 95% Confidence interval [CI] 1.44-3.33), for other histologies the results were marginally significant. Residential radon level was higher for patients diagnosed before 50 and 60 years old than for older lung cancer cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Residential radon in never smokers seems to be a risk factor for all lung cancer histologies. Individuals diagnosed at a younger age have a higher residential radon concentration, suggesting an accumulative effect on lung cancer appearance.
authors.affiliation: a Service of Neumology, University Hospital Complex of Vigo , Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torres-Durán
authors.affiliation: b Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health , University of Santiago de Compostela , Spain.|c CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP , Spain.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruano-Ravina
authors.affiliation: d Service of Neumology, Ourense Hospital Complex , Spain.
authors.forename: Isaura
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Parente-Lamelas
authors.affiliation: a Service of Neumology, University Hospital Complex of Vigo , Spain.
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Leiro-Fernández
authors.affiliation: d Service of Neumology, Ourense Hospital Complex , Spain.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abal-Arca
authors.affiliation: e Service of Neumology, University Hospital Complex of A Coruña , Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Montero-Martínez
authors.affiliation: f Service of Oncology, Pontevedra Hospital Complex, Pontevedra , Spain.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pena-Álvarez
authors.affiliation: h Service of Neumology, Hospital Lucus Augusti , Spain.
authors.forename: Olalla
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Castro-Añón
authors.affiliation: g Service of Neumology, Santiago de Compostela University Clinic Hospital , Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Golpe-Gómez
authors.affiliation: i National Institute of Silicosis, University Hospital of Asturias , Oviedo , Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: i National Institute of Silicosis, University Hospital of Asturias , Oviedo , Spain.
authors.forename: Rosirys
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guzmán-Taveras
authors.affiliation: j Service of Neumology, Hospital Arquitecto Marcide , Ferrol , Spain.
authors.forename: María José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mejuto-Martí
authors.affiliation: k Service of Oncology, Hospital Puerta de Hierro , Madrid , Spain.
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Provencio
authors.affiliation: a Service of Neumology, University Hospital Complex of Vigo , Spain.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fernández-Villar
authors.affiliation: b Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health , University of Santiago de Compostela , Spain.|c CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP , Spain.|l Service of Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela , Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Barros-Dios
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000398:Air Pollution, Radioactive / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006798:Housing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D000069079:Radiation Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011886:Radon / Q000032:analysis*; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D011886:Radon
keywords: Lung neoplasms; case-control studies; histologic type; multicenter study; radon