title: Ultrasmall TiO2 Nanoparticles in Situ Growth on Graphene Hybrid as Superior Anode Material for Sodium/Lithium Ion Batteries.
abstract: To inhibit the aggregation of TiO2 nanoparticles and to improve the electrochemical kinetics of TiO2 electrode, a hybrid material of ultrasmall TiO2 nanoparticles in situ grown on rGO nanosheets was obtained by ultraphonic and reflux methods. The size of the TiO2 particles was controlled about 10 nm, and these particles were evenly distributed across the rGO nanosheets. When used for the anode of a sodium ion battery, the electrochemical performance of this hybrid TiO2@rGO was much improved. A capacity of 186.6 mAh g(-1) was obtained after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g(-1), and 112.2 mAh g(-1) could be maintained at 1.0 A g(-1), showing a high capacity and good rate capability. On the basis of the analysis of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the achieved excellent electrochemical performance was mainly attributed to the synergetic effect of well-dispersed ultrasmall TiO2 nanoparticles and conductive graphene network and the improved electrochemical kinetics. The superior electrochemical performance of this hybrid material on lithium storage further confirmed the positive effect of rGO.
authors.affiliation: Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE), Tianjin Key Lab of Metal and Molecule-based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Huiqiao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE), Tianjin Key Lab of Metal and Molecule-based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kangzhe
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE), Tianjin Key Lab of Metal and Molecule-based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE), Tianjin Key Lab of Metal and Molecule-based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lifang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.affiliation: Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE), Tianjin Key Lab of Metal and Molecule-based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yijing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE), Tianjin Key Lab of Metal and Molecule-based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Huatang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yuan
keywords: Na+ ion battery; anode; hybrid material; improved electrochemical kinetics; ultrasmall TiO2 nanoparticles