title: Biological responses of preosteoblasts to particulate and ion forms of Co-Cr alloy.
abstract: This study compared the particulate and ion forms of a cobalt-chrome (Co-Cr) alloy on the differentiation/activation of preosteoblasts. Mouse preosteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) were cultured in an osteoblast-induction medium in the presence of particulate and ion forms of a Co-Cr alloy, followed by cell proliferation and cytotoxicity evaluations. The maturation and function of osteoblasts were assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and related gene expressions. Both particulate and ion forms of the metals significantly reduced the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, cells challenged with high concentrations of particles and ions exhibited a marked cytotoxic effect and diminished expression of ALP. Real-time (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) data have suggested that cells with Co-Cr particles dramatically promoted over-expression of monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), whereas Co(2+) ions treatment predominately up-regulated expressions of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), and down-regulated expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and Osterix (Osx). Overall, this study provides evidence that both Co-Cr alloy particles and metal ions interfered with the MC3T3-E1 cells for their growth, maturation, and functions. Further, Co-Cr particles exhibited stronger effects on inflammatory mediators, while metal ions showed more influence on inhibition of osteoblast differentiation and promotion of osteoclastogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, China.|Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, 67214.|Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital to Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, China.
authors.forename: Shuye
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital to Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital to Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, China.
authors.forename: Fangfang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, China.
authors.forename: Jianhao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, China.
authors.forename: Tanghong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, China.|Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, 67214.
authors.forename: Shang-You
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D002858:Chromium Alloys / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D007477:Ions; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000494:pharmacology*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D002858:Chromium Alloys; D007477:Ions; D052638:Particulate Matter; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: aseptic loosening; differentiation; metal ions; preosteoblasts; wear debris