title: Simple Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay to Detect Antibodies Against Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus, Based on Prokaryotically Expressed Recombinant MBP-NS3 Protein.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is an economically important disease of cattle distributed worldwide. Diagnosis of BVD relies on laboratory-based detection of its viral causing agent or virus specific antibodies and the most common laboratory method for this purpose is Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The current study was aimed to develop a simple indirect ELISA to detect antibodies against Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) in the sera of infected cattle.
  
  
  METHODS
  A new simple indirect ELISA method was developed to detect BVDV infection by prokaryotically (Escherichia coli, BL21 strain) expressed recombinant whole nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) of BVDV (NADL strain). Four hundred bovine serum samples were evaluated by the newly developed NS3-ELISA and virus neutralization test (VNT) as the gold standard method to diagnose BVD. Among these samples, 289 sera had been previously tested by a commercial ELISA kit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistical analyses showed a very high correlation between the results of the developed NS3-ELISA and VNT (kappa coefficient = 0.935, P < 0.001), with the relative sensitivity and specificity of 94% and 98.8%, respectively. There was also a high correlation between the results of NS3-ELISA and the commercial ELISA kit (kappa coefficient = 0.802, P < 0.001) with the relative sensitivity and specificity of 90.72% and 91.15%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The newly developed simple indirect ELISA showed high sensitivity and specificity with respect to VNT. Developing such a simple, sensitive, and specific ELISA which is much less expensive than the available commercial ELISA kits can improve the detection of BVDV infections, help to eliminate the disease from herds, and decrease economic losses caused by this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Pezhman
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mahmoodi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Masoud Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Seyfi Abad Shapouri
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghorbanpour
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Rahim
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Haji Hajikolaei
authors.affiliation: Quality Control Management, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lotfi
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mahdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pourmahdi Boroujeni
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Daghari
keywords: Bovine Viral Diarrhea; Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus; ELISA; NS3; Nonstructural Protein 3