title: Determination of phthalate esters from environmental water samples by micro-solid-phase extraction using TiO2 nanotube arrays before high-performance liquid chromatography.
abstract: We describe a highly sensitive micro-solid-phase extraction method for the pre-concentration of six phthalate esters utilizing a TiO2 nanotube array coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography with a variable-wavelength ultraviolet visible detector. The selected phthalate esters included dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and dioctyl phthalate. The factors that would affect the enrichment, such as desorption solvent, sample pH, salting-out effect, extraction time and desorption time, were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the linear range of the proposed method was 0.3-200 μg/L. The limits of detection were 0.04-0.2 μg/L (S/N = 3). The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of six phthalate esters in water samples and satisfied spiked recoveries were achieved. These results indicated that the proposed method was appropriate for the determination of trace phthalate esters in environmental water samples.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Pollution Control, College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Qingxiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Pollution Control, College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Environmental Protection Agency of Guangshan County, Guangshan, China.
authors.forename: Xiangkun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liao
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003993:Dibutyl Phthalate / Q000032:analysis; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate / Q000032:analysis; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D004952:Esters / Q000032:analysis*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D057230:Limit of Detection; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D036103:Nanotechnology; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry*; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D004952:Esters; D010795:Phthalic Acids; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; C024629:dimethyl phthalate; C009495:titanium dioxide; D003993:Dibutyl Phthalate; C032279:phthalic acid; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate; D014025:Titanium; C007379:diethyl phthalate; C027561:butylbenzyl phthalate
keywords: High-performance liquid chromatography; Micro-solid-phase extraction; Phthalate esters; Titania nanotube arrays