title: Investigation of olive mill wastewater (OMW) ozonation efficiency with the use of a battery of selected ecotoxicity and human toxicity assays.
abstract: The effects of olive mill wastewater (OMW) on a battery of biological assays, before and during the ozonation process, were investigated in order to assess ozone's efficiency in removing phenolic compounds from OMW and decreasing the concomitant OMW toxicity. Specifically, ozonated-OMW held for 0, 60, 120, 300, 420, 540min in a glass bubble reactor, showed a drastic reduction of OMW total phenols (almost 50%) after 300min of ozonation with a concomitant decrease of OMW toxicity. In particular, the acute toxicity test primarily performed in the fairy shrimp Thamnocephalus platyurus (Thamnotoxkit F™ screening toxicity test) showed a significant attenuation of OMW-induced toxic effects, after ozonation for a period of 120 and in a lesser extent 300min, while further treatment resulted in a significant enhancement of ozonated-OMW toxic effects. Furthermore, ozonated-OMW-treated mussel hemocytes showed a significant attenuation of the ability of OMW to cause cytotoxic (obtained by the use of NRRT assay) effects already after an ozonation period of 120 and to a lesser extent 300min. In accordance with the latter, OMW-mediated oxidative (enhanced levels of superoxide anions and lipid peroxidation by-products) and genotoxic (induction of DNA damage) effects were diminished after OMW ozonation for the aforementioned periods of time. The latter was also revealed by the use of cytokinesis block micronucleus (CBMN) assay in human lymphocytes exposed to different concentrations of both raw- and ozonated-OMW for 60, 120 and 300min. Those findings revealed for a first time the existence of a critical time point during the OMW ozonation process that could be fundamentally used for evaluating OMW ozonation as a pretreatment method of OMW.
authors.affiliation: Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Siorou
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori Str., University Campus, GR-26500 Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Theodoros T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Vgenis
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori Str., University Campus, GR-26500 Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Margarita A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dareioti
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, 2 Seferi Str., GR-30100 Agrinio, Greece.
authors.forename: Maria-Sophia
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Vidali
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, 2 Seferi Str., GR-30100 Agrinio, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioanna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Efthimiou
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori Str., University Campus, GR-26500 Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kornaros
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, 2 Seferi Str., GR-30100 Agrinio, Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vlastos
authors.affiliation: Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece. Electronic address: sdailianis@upatras.gr.
authors.forename: Stefanos
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dailianis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D033202:Anostraca / Q000187:drug effects*; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000187:drug effects*; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D031658:Olea / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010126:Ozone / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D010126:Ozone; D010636:Phenols; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Bioassays; Hemocytes; OMW; Ozonation; Phenols; Toxicity