title: Bladder cancer diagnosis: the role of CT urography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the diagnostic performance of computed tomography urography (CTU), we first compared it with cystoscopy and subsequently analyzed which CTU phase of acquisition has the highest diagnostic accuracy in identifying bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2013, 177 patients underwent both cystoscopy and CTU. For all acquisition phases, we calculated sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, and positive and negative predictive value (PPV and NPV, respectively). We also evaluated the Cohen κ coefficient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Computed tomography urography sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, PPV, and NPV were as follows: 96.3%, 86.4%, 92.8%, 92.9%, and 92.7%; concordance calculated with Cohen κ was good: 0.8413. The arterial acquisition phase showed the highest diagnostic accuracy, identifying 93.4% of all lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Computed tomography urography is an accurate examination for the diagnosis of bladder cancer, and the arterial acquisition phase provides the best diagnostic information.
authors.affiliation: School of Specialization of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Milan, Milan - Italy.
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Capalbo
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kluzer
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peli
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cosentino
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berti
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cariati
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014567:Urography / Q000379:methods*