title: Simple metal under tensile stress: layer-dependent herringbone reconstruction of thin potassium films on graphite.
abstract: While understanding the properties of materials under stress is fundamentally important, designing experiments to probe the effects of large tensile stress is difficult. Here tensile stress is created in thin films of potassium (up to 4 atomic layers) by epitaxial growth on a rigid support, graphite. We find that this "simple" metal shows a long-range, periodic "herringbone" reconstruction, observed in 2- and 3- (but not 1- and 4-) layer films by low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Such a pattern has never been observed in a simple metal. Density functional theory (DFT)simulations indicate that the reconstruction consists of self-aligned stripes of enhanced atom density formed to relieve the tensile strain. At the same time marked layer-dependent charging effects lead to substantial variation in the apparent STM layer heights.
authors.affiliation: 1] Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK [2] School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland [2] COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
authors.forename: Sampo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kulju
authors.affiliation: Nanoscience Center, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla, Finland.
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Koskinen
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland [2] COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
authors.forename: Jaakko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Akola
authors.affiliation: Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Palmer