title: A multi-locus approach resolves the phylogenetic relationships of the Simulium asakoae and Simulium ceylonicum species groups in Malaysia: evidence for distinct evolutionary lineages.
abstract: A multi-locus approach was used to examine the DNA sequences of 10 nominal species of blackfly in the Simulium subgenus Gomphostilbia (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Malaysia. Molecular data were acquired from partial DNA sequences of the mitochondria-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes, and the nuclear-encoded 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA genes. No single gene, nor the concatenated gene set, resolved all species or all relationships. However, all morphologically established species were supported by at least one gene. The multi-locus sequence analysis revealed two distinct evolutionary lineages, conforming to the morphotaxonomically recognized Simulium asakoae and Simulium ceylonicum species groups.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Low
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takaoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, U.S.A.
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ya'cob
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Norma-Rashid
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sofian-Azirun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008296:Malaysia; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012843:Simuliidae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV
keywords: Gomphostilbia; Malaysia; Simulium asakoae group; Simulium ceylonicum group; mitochondrial genes; nuclear genes; phylogenetics