title: Two new species of Amazophrynella (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae) from Loreto, Peru.
abstract: Amazophrynella is a taxonomically poorly known bufonid genus with a pan-Amazonian distribution. A large part of this ambiguity comes from taxonomic uncertainties regarding the type species A. minuta. In this study we compare morphological and molecular data of topotypic specimens of A. minuta with all other nomical congeneric species. Based on these comparisons, we describe two new species. The first species, A. amazonicola sp. nov., differs from other recognized congeners by having a tip of snout with a small triangular protrusion (in dorsal and lateral view), spiculated body and basal webbing on fingers I and II. The second species, A. matses sp. nov., differs from congeners by the smallest snout to vent length of the genus, edges of nasal protrusion dilated and elliptical shape palmar tubercles. The two species are allopatric, where the first species is known to be associated with white sand forests (=campinaranas), while the second inhabits upland (=terra firme) forests. Both species are diagnosable by a series of substitutions in the 16S rDNA, and both species are highly divergent from their sister taxa (p-distances range from 7-14%).
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. Gen. Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, 3000, CEP 69077-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil; Email: rrojaszamora@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rommel R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Rojas
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. Gen. Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, 3000, CEP 69077-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. Gen. Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, 3000, CEP 69077-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil; Email: unknown.
authors.forename: Vinícius Tadeu De
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Universidade Regional do Cariri, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Campus do Pimenta, Rua Cel. Antônio Luiz, 1161, Bairro do Pimenta, CEP 63105-100, Crato, CE, Brazil; Email: unknown.
authors.forename: Robson W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Ávila
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. Gen. Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, 3000, CEP 69077-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil; Email: unknown.
authors.forename: Izeni Pires
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Farias
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia, ICB, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. Gen. Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, 3000, CEP 69077-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil; Email: unknown.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gordo
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. Gen. Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, 3000, CEP 69077-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil; Email: unknown.
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hrbek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002025:Bufonidae / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D017753:Ecosystem; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D010568:Peru; D010802:Phylogeny
chemical_list: D004275:DNA, Ribosomal