title: Hyposalivation and dietary nutrient intake among community-based older Japanese.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Saliva is important for maintaining oral function and regulating oral health. Reduced saliva flow rate, which is common among older adults, has been reported to be associated with perceived chewing and swallowing difficulties; however, its relationship to actual nutrient intake is unclear. The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to evaluate the relationship between hyposalivation and nutrient intake among older Japanese adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants were 352 community-based Japanese aged 80 years. A stimulated salivary flow rate <0.5 mL/min was defined as hyposalivation. Multivariable analysis of differences in nutrient and food intake outcome variables, which were collected through a validated food frequency questionnaire, between groups with/without hyposalivation was carried out using general linear models. Models included adjustment for number of teeth, denture use, sex, income, education, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol use, diabetes, medication, activities of daily living, depression and total calorie intake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The hyposalivation group had significantly lower intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, potassium, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin B6 and folate than the group without hyposalivation (P < 0.05) after adjusting for confounders. Vegetable, fish and shellfish consumption was significantly lower in the hyposalivation group (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dietary intake was poorer in those with hyposalivation than among those without. A decrease in stimulated salivary flow rate could have negative effects on geriatric nutrition.
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.|Division of Community Oral Health Development, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.affiliation: Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Department of Oral Health and Welfare, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshihara
authors.affiliation: Oral Rehabilitation, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Misuzu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Kumiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Minagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Studies, University of Niigata Prefecture, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Kanako
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Muramatsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Studies, University of Niigata Prefecture, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Manz
authors.affiliation: Division of Community Oral Health Development, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ansai
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008409:Mastication / Q000502:physiology; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009909:Oral Health; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014987:Xerostomia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism
keywords: aged; diet; epidemiology; oral health; saliva