title: Effects of Resistance Training on Obese Adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effects of resistance training (RT) alone upon endothelial function, metabolic and hemodynamic profiles, physical fitness, body composition, and inflammatory biomarkers in nondiabetic obese adolescents were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adolescents were assigned into nonobese control (CG, n = 20; 14.7 ± 1.4 yr) and obese (OB, n = 24; 14.1 ± 1.0 yr) groups. Muscle and skin endothelial reactivity, body composition, at-office and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure, metabolic profile, adipocytokines, aerobic and strength fitness were assessed before and after 12 wk of RT (CG, only at admission).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After RT, body mass did not change in OB, but significant reductions in body fat (1.6%; P = 0.01), waist circumference (2.9%; P < 0.001), waist-to-hip ratio (3.3%; P < 0.001), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (15.4%; P = 0.02), endothelin-1 (14.2%; P = 0.04), and fibrinogen (6.9%; P = 0.03) were found. Both at-office and ambulatory blood pressure decreased, whereas skin endothelium-dependent vasodilation (32%; P = 0.02), VO2 (14.3%; P = 0.04), and HR (5.3%; P = 0.04) during submaximal exercise and isokinetic strength (extension, 21.3%; flexion, 29.9%; P < 0.0001) increased. Forearm vascular conductance increased at rest (28.1%; P = 0.03) and during postocclusive reactive hyperemia (25.2%; P = 0.02). After RT differences between CG and OB at admission were no longer detected for most outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RT alone improved endothelial function, hemodynamic and metabolic profiles, body composition, and physical fitness in nondiabetic obese adolescents regardless of changes in body mass.
authors.affiliation: 1Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology, Biomedical Center, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL; 2Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL; 3Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL; and 4Obesity Unit, Policlínica Piquet Carneiro, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL.
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Farinatti
authors.forename: MariaDas Graças Coelho
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: De Souza
authors.forename: Diogo Pires
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Manhanini
authors.forename: Erick
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Balthazar
authors.forename: Diego Leonardo Simplicio
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Dantas
authors.forename: Eduardo Henrique
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: De Andrade Pinto
authors.forename: Eliete
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bouskela
authors.forename: Luiz Guilherme
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Kraemer-Aguiar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D055070:Resistance Training; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines