title: A Novel Composite PMMA-based Bone Cement with Reduced Potential for Thermal Necrosis.
abstract: Percutaneous vertebroplasty (VP) and balloon kyphoplasty (BKP) are now widely used to treat patients who suffer painful vertebral compression fractures. In each of these treatments, a bone cement paste is injected into the fractured vertebral body/bodies, and the cement of choice is a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement. One drawback of this cement is the very high exothermic temperature, which, it has been suggested, causes thermal necrosis of surrounding tissue. In the present work, we prepared novel composite PMMA bone cement where microcapsules containing a phase change material (paraffin) (PCMc) were mixed with the powder of the cement. A PCM absorbs generated heat and, as such, its presence in the cement may lead to reduction in thermal necrosis. We determined a number of properties of the composite cement. Compared to the values for a control cement (a commercially available PMMA cement used in VP and BKP), each composite cement was found to have significantly lower maximum exothermic temperature, increased setting time, significantly lower compressive strength, significantly lower compressive modulus, comparable biocompatibility, and significantly smaller thermal necrosis zone. Composite cement containing 20% PCMc may be suitable for use in VP and BKP and thus deserves further evaluation.
authors.affiliation: †Orthopedic Department, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: ‡Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Ailing
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: †Orthopedic Department, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: §Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: ‡Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Fuxin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: ∥University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Xiaozhong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: ‡Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: ‡Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Zhenzhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D019245:Compressive Strength; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D004735:Energy Transfer; D006244:Hardness; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D009336:Necrosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010232:Paraffin / Q000737:chemistry*; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements; D010232:Paraffin; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate
keywords: PMMA bone cement; compressive strength; modulus; phase-change microcapsule; setting time; thermal necrosis