title: Scaffolds with shape memory behavior for the treatment of large bone defects.
abstract: The aim of the presented study was preparation, analysis of properties, and in vitro characterization of porous shape-memory scaffolds, designed for large bone defects treatment using minimally invasive surgery approach. Biodegradable terpolymers of l-lactide/glycolide/trimethylene carbonate (LA/GL/TMC) and l-lactide/glycolide/ε-caprolactone (LA/GL/Cap) were selected for formulation of these scaffolds. Basic parameters of shape memory behavior (i.e. recovery ratio, recovery time) and changes in morphology (SEM, average porosity) and properties (surface topography, water contact angle, compressive strength) during shape memory cycle were characterized. The scaffolds preserved good mechanical properties (compressive strength about 0.7 to 0.9 MPa) and high porosity (more than 80%) both in initial shape as well as after return from compressed shape. Then the scaffolds in temporary shape were inserted into the model defect of bone tissue at 37°C. After 12 min the defect was filled completely as a result of shape recovery process induced by body temperature. The scaffold obtained from LA/GL/TMC terpolymer was found the most prospective for the planned application thanks to its appropriate recovery time, high recovery ratio (more than 90%), and cytocompatibility in contact with human osteoblasts and chondrocytes.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Jan Dlugosz University, Armii Krajowej 13/15 Ave., Częstochowa, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rychter
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Ave., Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pamula
authors.affiliation: Chair and Department of Biopharmacy, SPLMS in Sosnowiec, Jedności 8 Str., SUM, Poland.
authors.forename: Arkadiusz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orchel
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Ave., Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Urszula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Posadowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Ave., Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krok-Borkowicz
authors.affiliation: Chair and Department of Biopharmacy, SPLMS in Sosnowiec, Jedności 8 Str., SUM, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaps
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Jan Dlugosz University, Armii Krajowej 13/15 Ave., Częstochowa, Poland.|Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zabrze, M.Curie-Sklodowska 34 Str., Poland.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Smigiel-Gac
authors.affiliation: Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zabrze, M.Curie-Sklodowska 34 Str., Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smola
authors.affiliation: Chair and Department of Biopharmacy, SPLMS in Sosnowiec, Jedności 8 Str., SUM, Poland.|Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zabrze, M.Curie-Sklodowska 34 Str., Poland.
authors.forename: Janusz
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kasperczyk
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Jan Dlugosz University, Armii Krajowej 13/15 Ave., Częstochowa, Poland.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Prochwicz
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Jan Dlugosz University, Armii Krajowej 13/15 Ave., Częstochowa, Poland.|Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zabrze, M.Curie-Sklodowska 34 Str., Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dobrzynski
mesh_terms: D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000473:pathology*; D066241:Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D002460:Cell Line; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology; D004146:Dioxanes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology; D010078:Oxazines / Q000378:metabolism; D011108:Polymers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014966:Xanthenes / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004146:Dioxanes; D006657:Histones; D010078:Oxazines; D011108:Polymers; D014966:Xanthenes; C005843:resazurin; C443643:trimethylene carbonate
keywords: aliphatic polyesters; bioresorbable polymers; bone defects treatment; scaffolds; shape memory