title: Improved quality of life among adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is mediated by protective factors: a cross sectional survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to assess the role of protective factors as mediators and/or moderators of the relationship between coexisting emotional and conduct problems and quality of life (QoL) among adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 194 adolescents with ADHD. Participants completed measures of individual competencies, family cohesion and social support, and QoL. Coexisting emotional and conduct problems were assessed using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individual competencies and social support mediated the association between emotional and conduct problems and QoL. Family cohesion was associated with both emotional and conduct problems. No moderating effects of protective factors and coexisting problems were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The assessment of individual competencies, social resources, and family cohesion may identify potential treatment goals for adolescents with ADHD and coexisting problems, and may contribute to improvements in QoL.
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Pb 8905 MTFS, 7491, Trondheim, Norway. jorun.schei@ntnu.no.
authors.forename: Jorun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schei
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Pb 8905 MTFS, 7491, Trondheim, Norway. torunn.stene.novik@stolav.no.|Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, St. Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital, Pb 6810 Elgeseter, 7433, Trondheim, Norway. torunn.stene.novik@stolav.no.
authors.forename: Torunn Stene
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Nøvik
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Pb 8905 MTFS, 7491, Trondheim, Norway. per.hove.thomsen@ps.rm.dk.|Psychiatric Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Aarhus University Hospital, Skovagervej 2, 8240, Risskov, Denmark. per.hove.thomsen@ps.rm.dk.
authors.forename: Per Hove
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Thomsen
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Pb 8905 MTFS, 7491, Trondheim, Norway. marit.s.indredavik@ntnu.no.|Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, St. Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital, Pb 6810 Elgeseter, 7433, Trondheim, Norway. marit.s.indredavik@ntnu.no.
authors.forename: Marit S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Indredavik
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Pb 8905 MTFS, 7491, Trondheim, Norway. Thomas.jozeefiak@ntnu.no.|Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, St. Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital, Pb 6810 Elgeseter, 7433, Trondheim, Norway. Thomas.jozeefiak@ntnu.no.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jozefiak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D001288:Attention; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004644:Emotions; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D065840:Protective Factors; D011788:Quality of Life; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012944:Social Support