title: World Small Animal Veterinary Association Renal Pathology Initiative: Classification of Glomerular Diseases in Dogs.
abstract: Evaluation of canine renal biopsy tissue has generally relied on light microscopic (LM) evaluation of hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections ranging in thickness from 3 to 5 µm. Advanced modalities, such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunofluorescence (IF), have been used sporadically or retrospectively. Diagnostic algorithms of glomerular diseases have been extrapolated from the World Health Organization classification scheme for human glomerular disease. With the recent establishment of 2 veterinary nephropathology services that evaluate 3-µm sections with a panel of histochemical stains and routinely perform TEM and IF, a standardized objective species-specific approach for the diagnosis of canine glomerular disease was needed. Eight veterinary pathologists evaluated 114 parameters (lesions) in renal biopsy specimens from 89 dogs. Hierarchical cluster analysis of the data revealed 2 large categories of glomerular disease based on the presence or absence of immune complex deposition: The immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis (ICGN) category included cases with histologic lesions of membranoproliferative or membranous patterns. The second category included control dogs and dogs with non-ICGN (glomerular amyloidosis or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis). Cluster analysis performed on only the LM parameters led to misdiagnosis of 22 of the 89 cases-that is, ICGN cases moved to the non-ICGN branch of the dendrogram or vice versa, thereby emphasizing the importance of advanced diagnostic modalities in the evaluation of canine glomerular disease. Salient LM, TEM, and IF features for each pattern of disease were identified, and a preliminary investigation of related clinicopathologic data was performed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA cianciolo.14@osu.edu.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Cianciolo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Mohr
authors.affiliation: Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Dipartimento di Biomedicina comparata e Alimentazione, Università di Padova, Legnaro, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aresu
authors.affiliation: Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: IDEXX Laboratories, Ltd., Wetherby, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: James
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.affiliation: NSG Pathology, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Spangler
authors.affiliation: IDEXX Europe, BV, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: van der Lugt
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Kass
authors.affiliation: ANUBI Ospedale per Animali da Compagnia, Moncalieri, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brovida
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Cowgill
authors.affiliation: Blue Star Animal Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden PetVett Dyresykehus, Oslo, Norway Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heiene
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Polzin
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Syme
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Vaden
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: van Dongen
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Lees
mesh_terms: D000686:Amyloidosis / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000145:classification* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique / Q000662:veterinary; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000473:pathology; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission / Q000662:veterinary; D010341:Pathology, Veterinary; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex