title: BMP-2 Is Involved in Scleral Remodeling in Myopia Development.
abstract: The development of myopia is associated with scleral remodeling, but it is unclear which factors regulate this process. This study investigated bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) expression in the sclera of guinea pigs with lens-induced myopia (LIM) and after recovery from myopia and evaluated the effect of BMP-2 on extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis in human scleral fibroblasts (HSFs) cultured in vitro. Lens-induced myopia was brought about in two groups of guinea pigs (the lens-induced myopia and myopia recovery groups) by placing -4.00 D lenses on the right eye for three weeks. The left eye served as a contralateral control. In the recovery group, the lenses were removed after one week. The refractive power and axial length of the eyes were measured, and the BMP-2 expression levels in the sclera were measured. After three weeks, the lens-induced eyes acquired relative myopia in both groups of guinea pigs. Immunostaining of the eyeballs revealed significantly decreased BMP-2 expression in the posterior sclera of the myopic eyes compared to the contralateral eyes. One week after lens removal, BMP-2 expression recovered, and no differences were observed between the experimental and contralateral eyes in the recovery group. HSFs were cultured with BMP-2 or transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Type I and type III collagen synthesis was significantly up-regulated following BMP-2 treatment in culture after one and two weeks, but the ratio of type III to type I collagen mRNA was not increased. Biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and aggrecan was increased in HSFs treated with BMP-2. Some chondrogenesis-associated genes expression increased in HSFs treated with BMP-2. From this study, we concluded that BMP-2 is involved in scleral remodeling in the development and recovery of lens-induced myopia.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Honghui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Lijun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.affiliation: The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou 362000, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jianmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Junwen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zeng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003261:Contact Lenses / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006801:Humans; D009216:Myopia / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012590:Sclera / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2