title: Cutaneous metastasis of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder eight years after the primary: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cutaneous metastasis of bladder carcinoma is extremely rare with a limited number of published cases. An awareness of this rare clinical entity and high index of suspicion is needed for diagnosis, as it can occur months or rarely as in this case, even years, after the primary cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  An 81-year-old Caucasian man presented with a one-year history of increasing left leg swelling and a two-month history of a macular-nodular rash on the anterior thigh, on a background of a high-grade (WHO Grade 2 of 3) papillary and invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in 2006. Following investigations, he was diagnosed as having probable locoregional recurrence of previously resected urothelial cancer of the bladder with extensive retrograde lymphatic permeation into the left thigh with cutaneous eruptions of malignancy. He completed a planned course of palliative radiation therapy to the left thigh lesions (30 Gy divided over 10 fractions) as well as the left pelvic node (a total dose of 18 Gy divided over six fractions). The disease ran an aggressive course and our patient died six months after the diagnosis of cutaneous metastases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Metastatic disease should always be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients with a previous history of bladder cancer who present with cutaneous nodules, even many years after the initial diagnosis at the primary site.
authors.affiliation: Royal Hobart Hospital, 48 Liverpool Street, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia. andrea.lees@dhhs.tas.gov.au.
authors.forename: Andrea Nicole
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Lees
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000556:secondary*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*