title: The New Nordic Diet: phosphorus content and absorption.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High phosphorus content in the diet may have adverse effect on cardiovascular health. We investigated whether the New Nordic Diet (NND), based mainly on local, organic and less processed food and large amounts of fruit, vegetables, wholegrain and fish, versus an Average Danish Diet (ADD) would reduce the phosphorus load due to less phosphorus-containing food additives, animal protein and more plant-based proteins.
  
  
  METHODS
  Phosphorus and creatinine were measured in plasma and urine at baseline, week 12 and week 26 in 132 centrally obese subjects with normal renal function as part of a post hoc analysis of data acquired from a 26-week controlled trial. We used the fractional phosphorus excretion as a measurement of phosphorus absorption.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean baseline fractional phosphorus excretion was 20.9 ± 6.6 % in the NND group (n = 82) and 20.8 ± 5.5 % in the ADD group (n = 50) and was decreased by 2.8 ± 5.1 and 3.1 ± 5.4 %, respectively, (p = 0.6) at week 26. At week 26, the mean change in plasma phosphorus was 0.04 ± 0.12 mmol/L in the NND group and -0.03 ± 0.13 mmol/L in the ADD group (p = 0.001). Mean baseline phosphorus intake was 1950 ± 16 mg/10 MJ in the NND group and 1968 ± 22 mg/10 MJ in the ADD group and decreased less in the NND compared to the ADD (67 ± 36 mg/10 MJ and -266 ± 45 mg/day, respectively, p < 0.298).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contrary to expectations, the NND had a high phosphorus intake and did not decrease the fractional phosphorus excretion compared with ADD. Further modifications of the diet are needed in order to make this food concept beneficial regarding phosphorus absorption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Louise.Havkrog.Salomo@regionh.dk.|Department of Nephrology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. Louise.Havkrog.Salomo@regionh.dk.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Salomo
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Sanne K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Poulsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rix
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anne-Lise
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Kamper
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Astrup
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D003718:Denmark; D004032:Diet; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D005503:Food Additives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D017747:Seafood; D014675:Vegetables; D000067348:Whole Grains
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005503:Food Additives; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary
keywords: Dietary phosphorus intake; Fractional phosphorus excretion; New Nordic Diet; Plasma phosphorus; Urinary phosphorus excretion