title: Parental Influences on Adolescents' Negative Attitudes Toward Immigrants.
abstract: Attitudes toward immigrants are a core component of adolescents' social identities. Although in a globalized world positive attitudes are functional, negative views toward immigrant are widespread. This study investigates the parent-adolescent transmission of attitudes toward immigrants between age 12 and 16. In a longitudinal five-wave cohort-sequential multi-informant survey study on German adolescents (N = 1289; 52.9 % female) and their parents (mothers N = 772; fathers N = 654), self-reported attitudes toward immigrants were measured at each time point. Changes in the adolescents' attitudes were predicted by maternal and paternal self-reported attitudes across time. Predictions of short-term changes revealed that the major effect of the parents' attitudes takes place in early adolescence (between grade 6 and 7). The prediction of the adolescents' long-term attitude changes indicates that these effects sustain until the age of 16. No between-parent differences were found. The results are discussed in terms of early adolescence being a sensitive period for parental effects on the development of adolescents' attitudes toward immigrants.
authors.affiliation: Department for General Education and Empirical Educational Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Leopoldstr. 13, 80802, Munich, Germany, Burkhard.Gniewosz@lmu.de.
authors.forename: Burkhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gniewosz
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Noack
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D015331:Cohort Studies; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D011287:Prejudice / Q000523:psychology*; D012933:Social Identification; D062487:Social Marginalization / Q000523:psychology