title: Trypanosomosis: potential driver of selection in African cattle.
abstract: Trypanosomosis is a serious cause of reduction in productivity of cattle in tsetse-fly infested areas. Baoule and other local Taurine cattle breeds in Burkina Faso are trypanotolerant. Zebuine cattle, which are also kept there are susceptible to trypanosomosis but bigger in body size. Farmers have continuously been intercrossing Baoule and Zebu animals to increase production and disease tolerance. The aim of this study was to compare levels of zebuine and taurine admixture in genomic regions potentially involved in trypanotolerance with background admixture of composites to identify differences in allelic frequencies of tolerant and non-tolerant animals. The study was conducted on 214 animals (90 Baoule, 90 Zebu, and 34 composites), genotyped with 25 microsatellites across the genome and with 155 SNPs in 23 candidate regions. Degrees of admixture of composites were analyzed for microsatellite and SNP data separately. Average Baoule admixture based on microsatellites across the genomes of the Baoule- Zebu composites was 0.31, which was smaller than the average Baoule admixture in the trypanosomosis candidate regions of 0.37 (P = 0.15). Fixation index F ST measured in the overall genome based on microsatellites or with SNPs from candidate regions indicates strong differentiation between breeds. Nine out of 23 regions had F ST ≥ 0.20 calculated from haplotypes or individual SNPs. The levels of admixture were significantly different from background admixture, as revealed by microsatellite data, for six out of the nine regions. Five out of the six regions showed an excess of Baoule ancestry. Information about best levels of breed composition would be useful for future breeding ctivities, aiming at trypanotolerant animals with higher productive capacity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Livestock Sciences, Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Vienna, Austria ; Croatian Agricultural Agency Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Anamarija
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smetko
authors.affiliation: Division of Livestock Sciences, Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Vienna, Austria ; Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université de Koudougou Koudougou, Burkina Faso.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soudre
authors.affiliation: Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Silbermayr
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Gottfried
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brem
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hanotte
authors.affiliation: Animal Production and Health Division, Agriculture and Consumer Protection Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, Italy ; FAO/IAEA Joint Division on Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Boettcher
authors.affiliation: Parco Tecnologico Padano Lodi, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stella
authors.affiliation: Division of Livestock Sciences, Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mészáros
authors.affiliation: Division of Livestock Sciences, Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wurzinger
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Ino
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Curik
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria ; Biotechnology in Animal Production, Department for Agrobiotechnology, IFA Tulln Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Burgstaller
authors.affiliation: Division of Livestock Sciences, Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sölkner
keywords: Baoule; Zebu; composite; cross; tolerance; trypanosome