title: [Spatial analysis of mortality from cardiovascular diseases in Madrid City, Spain].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, but its spatial distribution is not homogeneous. The objective of this study is to analyze the spatial pattern of mortality from these diseases for men and women, in the populated urban area (AUP) of the municipality of Madrid, and to identify spatial aggregations.
  
  
  METHODS
  An ecological study was carried out by census tract, for men and women in 2010. Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR), Relative Risk Smoothing (RRS) and Posterior Probability (PP) were calculated to consider the spatial pattern of the disease. To identify spatial clusters the Moran index (Moran I) and the Local Index of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA) were used. The results were mapped.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SMR higher than 1.1 was observed mainly in central areas among men and in peripheral areas among women. The PP that RRS was higher than 1 surpassed 0.8 in the center and in the periphery, in both men and women. Moran's I was 0.04 for men and 0.03 for women (p <0.05 in both cases).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sex differences were observed in the spatial distribution of mortality cases. RME RRS and PP maps showed a heterogeneous pattern in men, whereas in women a clearer pattern was detected, with a relatively higher risk in peripheral areas of the AUP. The LISA method showed similar patterns to those previously observed.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gómez-Barroso
authors.forename: María-Eugenia
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Prieto-Flores
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mellado San Gabino
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moreno Jiménez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D012737:Sex Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D062206:Spatial Analysis; D014504:Urban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*