title: A new descriptor for computer-aided diagnosis of EUS imaging to distinguish autoimmune pancreatitis from chronic pancreatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Computer-aided diagnosis of EUS images was quite useful in differentiating pancreatic cancer from normal tissue and chronic pancreatitis. This study investigated the feasibility of using computer-aided diagnostic techniques to extract EUS image parameters to distinguish autoimmune pancreatitis from chronic pancreatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A new descriptor, local ternary pattern variance, was introduced to improve the performance of the classification model. Patients with autoimmune pancreatitis (n = 81) or chronic pancreatitis (n = 100) were recruited for this study. Representative EUS images were selected, and 115 parameters from 10 categories were extracted from the region of interest. Distance-between-class and sequential forward selection algorithms were used for their ideal combination of features that allowed a support vector machine predictive model to be built, trained, and validated. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPVs), and negative predictive values (NPVs) were used to evaluate the performance of experimental results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen parameters from 3 categories were selected as an ideal combination of features. The sample set was randomly divided into a training set and a testing set by using two different algorithms-the leave-one-out algorithm and the half-and-half method. The half-and-half method yielded an average (± standard deviation) accuracy of 89.3 ± 2.7%, sensitivity of 84.1 ± 6.4%, specificity of 92.5 ± 3.3%, PPV of 91.6 ± 3.7%, and NPV of autoimmune pancreatitis of 88.0 ± 4.1%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that, with the local ternary pattern variance textural feature, computer-aided diagnosis of EUS imaging may be valuable to differentiate autoimmune pancreatitis from chronic pancreatitis. Further refinement of such models could generate tools for the clinical diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jianwei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yining
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Fanyang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: The 73236 Troops, Ding Hai Districts, Zhoushan City, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Yinghuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zhendong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zhaoshen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D006801:Humans; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D050500:Pancreatitis, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies