title: Helicobacter pylori in celiac disease and in duodenal intraepithelial lymphocytosis: Active protagonist or innocent bystander?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection influences duodenal inflammation. Consequently, in celiac disease and in duodenal intraepithelial lymphocytosis, the bacterium could affect the clinical-histological manifestations. The aim of this work was to evaluate the prevalence and the potential role of H. pylori infection in celiac disease and duodenal intraepithelial lymphocytosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  H. pylori status was reviewed in 154 patients with celiac disease or duodenal intraepithelial lymphocytosis and in a control population. This retrospective study was performed at Molinette hospital, university of Torino, Italy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  H. pylori prevalence was 36% in celiac disease patients, 19% in case of duodenal intraepithelial lymphocytosis and 41% in controls (P<0.05 vs. duodenal intraepithelial lymphocytosis). H. pylori prevalence was not significantly different between celiac disease patients with or without iron deficiency anemia (22% vs. 39%) and it was higher in patients with milder duodenal lesions: 50% in Marsh-Oberhuber classification type 1-2 vs. 33% in type 3. Celiac disease patients had a mean intraepithelial lymphocytes count greater than that of duodenal intraepithelial lymphocytosis patients (52 vs. 44 intraepithelial lymphocytes per 100 epithelial cells). Both in celiac disease and in duodenal intraepithelial lymphocytosis patients, H. pylori infection was associated with an increase in intraepithelial lymphocytes count, but this difference was not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  H. pylori prevalence was similar in celiac disease patients and in controls and higher in patients with milder duodenal lesions. There was no association between H. pylori infection and duodenal intraepithelial lymphocytosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Molinette Hospital, SGAS, Via Cavour 31, 10123 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Simondi
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Molinette Hospital, SGAS, Via Cavour 31, 10123 Torino, Italy. Electronic address: davrib_1998@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Davide Giuseppe
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Ribaldone
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Molinette Hospital, SGAS, Via Cavour 31, 10123 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriele Antonio
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Bonagura
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Molinette Hospital, SGAS, Via Cavour 31, 10123 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Foi
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Molinette Hospital, SGAS, Via Cavour 31, 10123 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sapone
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Molinette Hospital, SGAS, Via Cavour 31, 10123 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garavagno
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Villanacci
authors.affiliation: SISS Department, Interuniversitary Center CINECA, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bernardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Molinette Hospital, SGAS, Via Cavour 31, 10123 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Rinaldo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pellicano
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Molinette Hospital, SGAS, Via Cavour 31, 10123 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rizzetto
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Molinette Hospital, SGAS, Via Cavour 31, 10123 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Astegiano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000382:microbiology*; D004378:Duodenal Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D008218:Lymphocytosis / Q000382:microbiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies