title: Serum biomarkers in uncontrolled no heart-beating donors may identify kidneys that will never work after transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Kidneys from uncontrolled non heart-beating donors achieve a good level of renal function after transplantation. However, a number of them will never function in the recipient. Our aim was to determine if serum biomarkers associated with platelet activity, inflammation and the nitric oxide system in uncontrolled non heart-beating donors may help to predict no renal function recovery after renal transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), nitrite + nitrate and platelet factor-4 (PF4) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits in 88 uncontrolled non heart-beating donors divided according to the renal functionality achieved in the recipients into functional (n = 76) and non functional (n = 12).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Kidneys from donors with higher IL-6 levels (>900 pg/ml) were functional after transplantation. Serum cGMP levels below 372.3 fmol/l were also associated with kidneys that recovered the renal function. However, serum levels of PF4 showed the best correlation with recovery of renal functional in the recipients since they were significantly lower in the donors whose kidneys functioned after transplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum PF4 levels in uncontrolled non heart-beating donors may be a good predictor for kidneys that never will reach functional recovery. Some serum cGMP, IL-6 and IL-10 levels may simply help identify kidneys that will function after transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Medicine Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: López-Farré
authors.affiliation: Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Juana María
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Santos-Sancho
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Modrego
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences Institute, Talavera de la Reina, Toledo, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Segura
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: José J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Zamorano-León
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
authors.forename: Leyre
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martín
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Fructuoso
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Sierra
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Atención Médica Urgente (SAMUR)-Protección Civil, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Prados
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Urgencia Médica de Madrid (SUMMA 112), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Alonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mateos
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Herrero
authors.affiliation: Transplant Coordination Unit, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: del Río
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain. dr.albertobarrientos@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barrientos
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002423:Cause of Death; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000097:blood; D046148:Donor Selection; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010978:Platelet Factor 4 / Q000097:blood*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain; D014019:Tissue Donors; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C508609:IL10 protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016753:Interleukin-10; D010978:Platelet Factor 4; D006152:Cyclic GMP
keywords: Inflammation; Non-heart beating donors; Platelet factor-4; Serum biomarkers