title: Association of high-density lipoprotein and apolipoprotein E genetic variants with age-related macular degeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to evaluate the association of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with apolipoprotein E (APOE) variants and serum lipid profiles, including levels and fractions of total serum cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), and triglycerides (TG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Genotyping of APOE-HhaI was performed in 134 patients (study group, SG) and 164 individuals without AMD (control group, CG), aged 50-89 years. Lipid profiles were analyzed in a subgroup of 30 subjects of both groups, matched according to age and sex. The significance level was set at P<0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  APOE E3/E3 was more prevalent (SG=74.6%; CG=77.4%), with no difference between both groups (P=0.667). The same result was observed for risk genotypes (APOE E -/2: SG=7.4%; CG=10.3%, P=0.624). Serum levels of TC, LDLc, and TG revealed similar median values between SG (193.5, 116, and 155 mg/dL, respectively) and CG (207.5, 120, and 123.5 mg/dL, respectively; P >0.05). For HDLc, a higher median value was observed in SG (53.3 mg/dL) versus CG (42.5 mg/dL; P=0.016). Logistic regression analysis showed the same value, and the HDLc/TC ratio was -11.423 (P=0.014), as also confirmed by an increase in HDLc in SG. The association between lipid profiles and apolipoprotein E genotypes was similar in both groups (P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  APOE-HhaI is not associated with AMD. However, an increase in serum HDLc level appears to exert a protective effect against the disease, irrespective of the genetic variants of apoE.
authors.affiliation: Medical School of São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sabrina Mayara
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Cezario
authors.affiliation: Medical School of São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Clara Jéssica
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Calastri
authors.affiliation: Medical School of São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila Ive Ferreira
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Medical School of São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tayanne Silva
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Carmo
authors.affiliation: Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcela Augusta de Souza
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pinhel
authors.affiliation: Medical School of São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Moacir Fernandes de
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Godoy
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jorge
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carina Costa
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Cotrim
authors.affiliation: Medical School of São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dorotéia Rossi Silva
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Medical School of São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rubens Camargo
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Siqueira
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D026502:LDL-Receptor Related Proteins / Q000097:blood; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D026502:LDL-Receptor Related Proteins; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol