title: State-of-the-art Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Vascular Thoracic Outlet Syndrome.
abstract: Vascular thoracic outlet syndrome is caused by compression of subclavian/axillary vessels during their passage from the thoracic cavity to the axilla. Early diagnosis and treatment is important to prevent debilitating outcomes of vascular thoracic outlet syndrome. Contrast-enhanced three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) with equilibrium phase using provocative arm positioning is the optimal examination to determine presence, degree of vascular compression, and complications of vascular thoracic outlet syndrome. This article reviews thoracic outlet anatomy, disorders of the vascular component, and typical imaging findings by contrast-enhanced 3D MRA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address: aaghayev@partners.org.
authors.forename: Ayaz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aghayev
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Frank J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Rybicki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012196:Review Literature as Topic; D013901:Thoracic Outlet Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*
keywords: Contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography; MR imaging; Vascular thoracic outlet syndrome