title: Mechanisms involved in quinolone resistance in Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri.
abstract: Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri is a causative agent of contagious agalactia in goats. In this study, M. mycoides subsp. capri mutants were selected for resistance to fluoroquinolones (norfloxacin, enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin) by serial passes in broth with increasing concentrations of antibiotic. Mutations conferring cross-resistance to the three fluoroquinolones were found in the quinolone resistance determining regions of the four genes encoding DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Different mutations in the DNA gyrase GyrA subunit suggest a different mechanism of inhibition between norfloxacin and the other tested fluoroquinolones. The presence of an adenosine triphosphate-dependent efflux system was suggested through the use of the inhibitor orthovanadate.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Epidemiología y Medicina Preventiva, Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain. Electronic address: nuno.giao101@doctorandos.ulpgc.es.
authors.forename: Nuno T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Antunes
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Epidemiología y Medicina Preventiva, Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain.
authors.forename: Patrícia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Assunção
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Epidemiología y Medicina Preventiva, Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain.
authors.forename: José B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Poveda
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Epidemiología y Medicina Preventiva, Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain; Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
authors.forename: María M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Tavío
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027081:DNA Gyrase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000502:physiology*; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009154:Mutation; D009176:Mycoplasma mycoides / Q000187:drug effects*; D015363:Quinolones / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015363:Quinolones; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV; D027081:DNA Gyrase
keywords: Antibiotic resistance; Efflux pumps; Fluoroquinolones; Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri; Quinolone resistance determining regions