title: Evaluation of chlorpyrifos transferred from contaminated feed to duck commodities and dietary risks to Chinese consumers.
abstract: The present study describes chlorpyrifos residues in duck commodities through the duck food chain, transfer factors, and dietary risks to Chinese consumers. After duck feeding experiments with pellet feed that lasted for 42 days, chlorpyrifos residues found in all samples collected from the ducks on maximum estimated dose group (3.20 mg/kg level) were from <0.0005 to 0.019 mg/kg. The residue levels of the fat, intestine, and tongue were obviously higher than those of the meat and other edible tissues. The transfer factors of all duck commodities were from 0.0001 to 0.0049 among different contamination levels, which indicated that chlorpyrifos had a low persistency in duck meat and metabolism organs. The chronic exposure assessment revealed that only 0.034-0.150% of the acceptable daily intake (ADI; 0-0.01 mg/kg/bw/day) of chlorpyrifos was consumed via the duck commodities for different age and gender groups in China. The acute exposure assessments of different age and gender groups were only 0.019-0.082% of the acute reference dose (ARfD; 0-0.1 mg/kg/bw). The results show that the single dietary exposure risk of chlorpyrifos raised by the intake of duck commodities was quite low in China.
authors.affiliation: †State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control, Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, and Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: †State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control, Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, and Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: §National Shanghai Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: #Veterinary Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: †State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control, Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, and Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: †State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control, Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, and Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Mingrong
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qiang
authors.affiliation: †State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control, Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, and Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: †State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control, Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, and Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D004372:Ducks / Q000378:metabolism; D004531:Eggs / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D019055:No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D010573:Pesticide Residues; D004390:Chlorpyrifos
keywords: chlorpyrifos; dietary exposure; duck commodities; transfer