title: A novel population balance model for the dilute acid hydrolysis of hemicellulose.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acid hydrolysis is a popular pretreatment for removing hemicellulose from lignocelluloses in order to produce a digestible substrate for enzymatic saccharification. In this work, a novel model for the dilute acid hydrolysis of hemicellulose within sugarcane bagasse is presented and calibrated against experimental oligomer profiles. The efficacy of mathematical models as hydrolysis yield predictors and as vehicles for investigating the mechanisms of acid hydrolysis is also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Experimental xylose, oligomer (degree of polymerisation 2 to 6) and furfural yield profiles were obtained for bagasse under dilute acid hydrolysis conditions at temperatures ranging from 110°C to 170°C. Population balance kinetics, diffusion and porosity evolution were incorporated into a mathematical model of the acid hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse. This model was able to produce a good fit to experimental xylose yield data with only three unknown kinetic parameters k a ,k b and k d . However, fitting this same model to an expanded data set of oligomeric and furfural yield profiles did not successfully reproduce the experimental results. It was found that a "hard-to-hydrolyse" parameter, α, was required in the model to ensure reproducibility of the experimental oligomer profiles at 110°C, 125°C and 140°C. The parameters obtained through the fitting exercises at lower temperatures were able to be used to predict the oligomer profiles at 155°C and 170°C with promising results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The interpretation of kinetic parameters obtained by fitting a model to only a single set of data may be ambiguous. Although these parameters may correctly reproduce the data, they may not be indicative of the actual rate parameters, unless some care has been taken to ensure that the model describes the true mechanisms of acid hydrolysis. It is possible to challenge the robustness of the model by expanding the experimental data set and hence limiting the parameter space for the fitting parameters. The novel combination of "hard-to-hydrolyse" and population balance dynamics in the model presented here appears to stand up to such rigorous fitting constraints.
authors.affiliation: Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, 4001 QLD Australia.
authors.forename: Ava A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Greenwood
authors.affiliation: Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, 4001 QLD Australia.
authors.forename: Troy W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Farrell
authors.affiliation: Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, 4001 QLD Australia.
authors.forename: Zhanying
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, 4001 QLD Australia.
authors.forename: Ian M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: O'Hara
keywords: Acid hydrolysis; Hard-to-hydrolyse; Hemicellulose; Kinetics; Mathematical modelling; Pretreatment; Sugarcane bagasse