title: Phosphodiesterase-1 Inhibitory Activity of Two Flavonoids Isolated from Pistacia integerrima J. L. Stewart Galls.
abstract: Pistacia integerrima is one of twenty species among the genus Pistacia. Long horn-shaped galls that develop on this plant are harvested and used in Ayurveda and Indian traditional medicine to make "karkatshringi", a herbal medicine used for the treatment of asthma and different disorders of respiratory tract. However, until now, the molecular mechanisms of action of "karkatshringi" and its chemical characterization are partially known. This study deals with the isolation and characterization of the active constituents from the methanolic extract of P. integerrima galls and it was also oriented to evaluate in vitro and in silico their potential enzymatic inhibitory activity against phosphodiesterase-1 (PDE1), a well-known enzyme involved in airway smooth muscle activity and airway inflammation. Our results showed that the methanolic extract of P. integerrima galls and some of its active constituents [naringenin (1) and 3,5,7,4'-tetrahydroxy-flavanone (2)] are able in vitro to inhibit PDE1 activity (59.20 ± 4.95%, 75.90 ± 5.90%, and 65.25 ± 5.25%, resp.) and demonstrate in silico an interesting interaction with this enzymatic site. Taken together, our results add new knowledge of chemical constituents responsible for the biological activity of P. integerrima and contextually legitimate the use of this plant in folk medicine.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Abdur
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2429-5491
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rauf
authors.affiliation: H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saleem
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Ghias
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Uddin
authors.affiliation: H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Bina S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Haroon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muslim
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raza
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Syeda Zehra
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Hamid
authors.affiliation: H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Ajmal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maione
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mascolo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1070-3207
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: De Feo