title: Endoscopic gallbladder drainage compared with percutaneous drainage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High-risk patients with cholecystitis have conventionally been offered percutaneous gallbladder drainage (PGBD) for treatment. A growing experience of endoscopic gallbladder drainage (EGBD) has been reported to be effective and safe.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the short- and long-term outcomes of EGBD and PGBD.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single academic tertiary care center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inpatients diagnosed with cholecystitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Any patient deemed a nonsurgical candidate and who has undergone either PGBD or EGBD was included in the analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient demographics along with procedural and clinical outcomes were recorded for each group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-three patients underwent PGBD and 30 underwent EGBD (24 transpapillary, 6 transmural). Technical (97.6% vs 100%) and clinical (97.6% vs 86.7%) success rates of PGBD and EGBD were similar. However, postprocedure hospital length of stay (16.3 vs 7.6 days), time to clinical resolution (4.6 vs 3.0 days), adverse event rate (39.5% vs 13.3%), number of sessions (2.0 vs 1.0), number of repeat interventions (53.4% vs 13.3%), and postprocedure pain scores (3.8 vs 2.1) were significantly higher for PGBD than EGBD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retrospective analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although EGBD has similar technical and clinical success compared with PGBD, it uses fewer hospital resources and results in fewer adverse events, improved pain scores, and decreased need for repeat gallbladder drainage. EGBD may provide a less-invasive, safer, cost-effective option for gallbladder drainage than PGBD with improved clinical outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Prashant
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kedia
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Reem Z
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Sharaiha
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Nikhil A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Kumta
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Widmer
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Armeen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jamal-Kabani
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Kristen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benvenuto
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Millman
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barve
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gaidhane
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kahaleh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002764:Cholecystitis / Q000628:therapy*; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods*; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome