title: Impact of antiretroviral therapy on lipid metabolism of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: Old and new drugs.
abstract: For human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, the 1990s were marked by the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) representing a new perspective of life for these patients. The use of HAART was shown to effectively suppress the replication of HIV-1 and dramatically reduce mortality and morbidity, which led to a better and longer quality of life for HIV-1-infected patients. Apart from the substantial benefits that result from the use of various HAART regimens, laboratory and clinical experience has shown that HAART can induce severe and considerable adverse effects related to metabolic complications of lipid metabolism, characterized by signs of lipodystrophy, insulin resistance, central adiposity, dyslipidemia, increased risk of cardiovascular disease and even an increased risk of atherosclerosis. New drugs are being studied, new therapeutic strategies are being implemented, and the use of statins, fibrates, and inhibitors of intestinal cholesterol absorption have been effective alternatives. Changes in diet and lifestyle have also shown satisfactory results.
authors.affiliation: Joel da Cunha, Luciana Morganti Ferreira Maselli, Ana Carolina Bassi Stern, Sérgio Paulo Bydlowski, Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology (LIM31), University of São Paulo Medical School (FMUSP), São Paulo SP 05403-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: da Cunha
authors.affiliation: Joel da Cunha, Luciana Morganti Ferreira Maselli, Ana Carolina Bassi Stern, Sérgio Paulo Bydlowski, Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology (LIM31), University of São Paulo Medical School (FMUSP), São Paulo SP 05403-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana Morganti Ferreira
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Maselli
authors.affiliation: Joel da Cunha, Luciana Morganti Ferreira Maselli, Ana Carolina Bassi Stern, Sérgio Paulo Bydlowski, Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology (LIM31), University of São Paulo Medical School (FMUSP), São Paulo SP 05403-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Carolina Bassi
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.affiliation: Joel da Cunha, Luciana Morganti Ferreira Maselli, Ana Carolina Bassi Stern, Sérgio Paulo Bydlowski, Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology (LIM31), University of São Paulo Medical School (FMUSP), São Paulo SP 05403-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Celso
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spada
authors.affiliation: Joel da Cunha, Luciana Morganti Ferreira Maselli, Ana Carolina Bassi Stern, Sérgio Paulo Bydlowski, Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology (LIM31), University of São Paulo Medical School (FMUSP), São Paulo SP 05403-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sérgio Paulo
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Bydlowski
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Diet; Dyslipidemia; Fibrates; Highly active antiretroviral therapy; Human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection; Lifestyle; Lipodystrophy; Protease inhibitors; Statins