title: Prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes of wastewater and surface water in livestock farms of Jiangsu Province, China.
abstract: The overuse of antibiotics in livestock farms is general, leading to a wide distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquatic environment adjacent to livestock farms. However, researches of the distribution and types of ARGs in aquatic environment of China are still in the initial stage. In this study, wastewater and surface water samples were collected from 12 livestock farms (four pig farms, four cattle farms, and four chicken farms) in Jiangsu Province of China. The prevalence, abundance, and distribution of 22 ARGs were investigated, which were categorized into six groups, including nine tetracyclin resistance genes, three sulfonamides resistance genes, three quinolone resistance genes, two macrolide resistance genes, three aminoglycoside resistance genes, and two multidrug resistance genes, employing quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The results suggested that all of the 22 ARGs were detected in samples. Sul1, sul2, and tetM were the most abundant with the average concentration of 3.84 × 10(1) copies/16S recombinant RNA (rRNA) gene copies, 1.62 × 10(1) copies/16S rRNA gene copies, 2.33 × 10(1) copies/16S rRNA gene copies, respectively. Principle component analysis revealed that the comprehensive pollution of ARGs in northern Jiangsu was more serious. ARGs in wastewater were more abundant when compared to that in surface water. A preliminary study regarding the fate of ARGs after an aerobiotic process showed that tetA, tetC, sul1, sul2, oqxB, and qnrS were significantly increased. And, among the tetracycline resistance genes, the efflux pump genes were enriched while the ribosomal protection protein encoding genes were decreased in the aerobiotic process. The prevalance of ARGs in water environment is of concern; more surveillance is required to determine the pollution level and pattern of antibiotic resistance genes.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong-jia-xiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Biao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Lijun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Xinyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Boping
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ye
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000617:Aminoglycosides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D002645:Chickens; D002681:China; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics*; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple / Q000235:genetics; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D018942:Macrolides / Q000494:pharmacology; D058889:Molecular Typing; D015363:Quinolones / Q000494:pharmacology; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D013552:Swine; D062065:Wastewater / Q000382:microbiology; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D018942:Macrolides; D015363:Quinolones; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D013449:Sulfonamides; D062065:Wastewater