title: Integrating electrochemical oxidation into forward osmosis process for removal of trace antibiotics in wastewater.
abstract: During the rejection of trace pharmaceutical contaminants from wastewater by forward osmosis (FO), disposal of the FO concentrate was still an unsolved issue. In this study, by integrating the advantages of forward osmosis and electrochemical oxidation, a forward osmosis process with the function of electrochemical oxidation (FOwEO) was established for the first time to achieve the aim of rejection of trace antibiotics from wastewater and treatment of the concentrate at the same time. Results demonstrated that FOwEO (current density J=1 mA cm(-2)) exhibited excellent rejections of antibiotics (>98%) regardless of different operation conditions, and above all, antibiotics in the concentrate were well degraded (>99%) at the end of experiment (after 3h). A synergetic effect between forward osmosis and electrochemical oxidation was observed in FOwEO, which lies in that antibiotic rejections by FO were enhanced due to the degradation of antibiotics in the concentrate, while the electrochemical oxidation capacity was improved in the FOwEO channel, of which good mass transfer and the assist of indirect oxidation owing to the reverse NaCl from draw solution were supposed to be the mechanism. This study demonstrated that the FOwEO has the capability to thoroughly remove trace antibiotics from wastewater.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China; Beijing Aerospace Institute for Metrology and Measurement Technology, China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, Beijing 100076, China.
authors.forename: Pengxiao
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China. Electronic address: zhhanmin@126.com.
authors.forename: Hanmin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73, Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China. Electronic address: yujief@hit.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yujie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China.
authors.forename: Fenglin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D053841:Electroosmosis; D004867:Equipment Design; D005374:Filtration; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Concentrate disposal; Forward osmosis; Trace antibiotics; Wastewater