title: Estimation of the adhesive force distribution for the flagellar adhesion of Escherichia coli on a glass surface.
abstract: The effects of the presence or absence of microbial flagella and the microbial motility on the colloidal behaviors of microbial cells were quantitatively evaluated. The microbial cell attachment and detachment processes on a glass surface were observed directly using a parallel-plate flow chamber. Wild-type, flagellar paralyzed, and nonflagellated Escherichia coli strains were used as model microbial cells. In the cell attachment tests, the microbial adhesion rate in a 160mM NaCl solution was approximately 10 times higher than that in a 10mM solution, for all E. coli strains. The colloidal behavior of the microbial cells agreed well with the predictions of the DLVO theory. In addition, the microbial flagella and motility did not significantly affect the cell attachment, regardless of the existence of a potential barrier between the cell and the glass substratum. In the cell detachment tests, the cumulative number of microbial cells detached from the glass substratum with increasing flow rate was fit well with the Weibull distribution function. The list of strains arranged in order of increasing median drag force required to remove them was nonflagellated strain, flagellar paralyzed strain, and wild-type strain. These results indicated that the flagella and the flagellar motility inhibited the cell detachment from the glass substratum. Furthermore, a large external force would likely be required to inhibit the microbial adhesion in the early stage of the biofilm formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; Corporate Engineering Center, Corporate Production Management & Engineering Division, Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd., 2100 Takayanagi, Fujieda, Shizuoka 426-0041, Japan. Electronic address: ayoshihara@sumibe.co.jp.
authors.forename: Akinori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshihara
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
authors.forename: Noritaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nobuhira
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisaya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Narahara
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
authors.forename: Syunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toyoda
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
authors.forename: Hayato
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tokumoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan. Electronic address: nomura@chemeng.osakafu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nomura
mesh_terms: D000269:Adhesives / Q000737:chemistry; D000465:Algorithms; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005407:Flagella / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry*; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D008954:Models, Biological; D009154:Mutation; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D055672:Static Electricity; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; D012965:Sodium Chloride
keywords: Drag force distribution; Hydrodynamic force; Microbial adhesion; Parallel plate flow chamber; Soft particle theory; Weibull distribution function