title: Multiplatform metabolomic fingerprinting as a tool for understanding hypercholesterolemia in Wistar rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to investigate the impact of hypercholesterolemic diet on the metabolome of male Wistar rats by a multiplatform metabolomic fingerprinting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats were fed with two different diets [control (C) and high-cholesterol diet (HC)-containing 2 % cholesterol and 0.5 % cholic acid]. After 7 weeks of experimental feeding, the rats were euthanized for blood collection and plasma recovery. The metabolite fingerprint was then achieved by applying a multiplatform comprising LC-MS, GC-MS and CE-MS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate statistical analysis showed a clear separation between the C and HC groups. Individual differences in metabolites were evaluated using univariate statistical analysis, and multiple metabolites were identified and confirmed in the plasma. A global profiling integrates for the first time pathways affected by high-cholesterol diet intake and allowed us to elucidate some of the associated alterations underlying the hypercholesterolemia event in Wistar rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HC feeding stimulated the alteration of multiple pathways in Wistar rats, warning of the risk of developing important diseases, which can be modulated by the diet. Further studies are required to investigate the possibilities to revert or ameliorate the negative effects triggered by HC intake.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: González-Peña
authors.affiliation: Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Faculty of Pharmacy, San Pablo CEU University, Boadilla del Monte, 28668, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dudzik
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Colina-Coca
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Begoña
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: de Ancos
authors.affiliation: Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Faculty of Pharmacy, San Pablo CEU University, Boadilla del Monte, 28668, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García
authors.affiliation: Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Faculty of Pharmacy, San Pablo CEU University, Boadilla del Monte, 28668, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Coral
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barbas
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain. csanchezm@ictan.csic.es.
authors.forename: Concepción
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Moreno
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D055442:Metabolome; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Global profiling; High-cholesterol diet; Metabolomics; Untargeted analysis