title: Encapsulation and immobilization of papain in electrospun nanofibrous membranes of PVA cross-linked with glutaraldehyde vapor.
abstract: In this paper, papain enzyme (E.C. 3.4.22.2, 1.6 U/mg) was successfully immobilized in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibers prepared by electrospinning. The morphology of the electrospun nanofibers was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the diameter distribution was in the range of 80 to 170 nm. The presence of the enzyme within the PVA nanofibers was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) analyses. The maximum catalytic activity was reached when the enzyme loading was 13%. The immobilization of papain in the nanofiber membrane was achieved by chemical crosslinking with a glutaraldehyde vapor treatment (GAvt). The catalytic activity of the immobilized papain was 88% with respect to the free enzyme. The crosslinking time by GAvt to immobilize the enzyme onto the nanofiber mat was 24h, and the enzyme retained its catalytic activity after six cycles. The crosslinked samples maintained 40% of their initial activity after being stored for 14 days. PVA electrospun nanofibers are excellent matrices for the immobilization of enzymes due to their high surface area and their nanoporous structure.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Blvd. Enrique Reyna # 140, San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo, Coahuila 25100, México; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Fac. de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica (FIME), Av. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León C.P. 66450, México; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Centro de Innovación, Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería y Tecnología (CIIDIT), Apodaca, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Iván E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Moreno-Cortez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Blvd. Enrique Reyna # 140, San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo, Coahuila 25100, México. Electronic address: jromero@ciqa.mx.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Romero-García
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Fac. de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica (FIME), Av. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León C.P. 66450, México; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Centro de Innovación, Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería y Tecnología (CIIDIT), Apodaca, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Virgilio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: González-González
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Fac. de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica (FIME), Av. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León C.P. 66450, México; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Centro de Innovación, Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería y Tecnología (CIIDIT), Apodaca, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Domingo I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: García-Gutierrez
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Fac. de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica (FIME), Av. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León C.P. 66450, México; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Centro de Innovación, Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería y Tecnología (CIIDIT), Apodaca, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Marco A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Garza-Navarro
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Exotic Nanocarbons, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan.
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cruz-Silva
mesh_terms: D005976:Glutaral / Q000737:chemistry*; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000737:chemistry*; D010206:Papain / Q000737:chemistry*; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol; D010206:Papain; D005976:Glutaral
keywords: Electrospinning; Enzyme immobilization; Nanofibers; Papain