title: Angiogenesis in The Ovary - The Most Important Regulatory Event for Follicle and Corpus Luteum Development and Function in Cow - An Overview.
abstract: In the ovary, the development of new capillaries from pre-existing ones (angiogenesis) is a complex event regulated by numerous local factors. The dominant regulators of angiogenesis in ovarian follicles and corpora lutea are the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), angiopoietin (ANPT) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) family members. Antral follicles in our study were classified according to the oestradiol-17-beta (E2) content in follicular fluid (FF) and were divided into five classes (E2 < 0.5, 0.5-5, 5-20, 20-180 and >180 ng/ml FF). The corresponding sizes of follicles were 5-7, 8-10, 10-13, 12-14 and >14 mm, respectively. Follicle tissue was separated in theca interna (TI) and granulosa cells (GC). The corpora lutea (CL) in our study were assigned to the following stages: days 1-2, 3-4, 5-7, 8-12 13-16 and >18 of the oestrous cycle and months 1-2, 3-4, 6-7 and >8 of pregnancy. The dominant regulators were measured at mRNA and protein expression levels; mRNA was quantified by RT-qPCR, hormone concentrations by RIA or EIA and their localization by immunohistochemistry. The highest expression for VEGF-A, FGF-2, IGF-1 and IGF-2, ANPT-2/ANPT-1 and HIF-1-alpha was found during final follicle maturation and in CL during the early luteal phase (days 1-4) followed by a lower plateau afterwards. The results suggest the importance of these factors for angiogenesis and maintenance of capillary structures for final follicle maturation, CL development and function.
authors.affiliation: Physiology Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany.|Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Berisha
authors.affiliation: Physiology Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schams
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rodler
authors.affiliation: Physiology Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany.
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Pfaffl
mesh_terms: D042682:Angiopoietins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D003338:Corpus Luteum / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D016220:Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051523:Fibroblast Growth Factor 7 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000662:veterinary; D008264:Macrophages / Q000737:chemistry; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000502:physiology*; D010053:Ovary / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D013002:Somatomedins / Q000378:metabolism; D013799:Theca Cells / Q000737:chemistry; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D042682:Angiopoietins; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D016220:Fibroblast Growth Factor 1; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D051523:Fibroblast Growth Factor 7; D013002:Somatomedins; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors