title: The efficacy of topical benzocaine gel in providing anesthesia prior to cervical biopsy and endocervical curettage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our goal was to determine the effectiveness of topical 20% benzocaine gel in providing anesthesia prior to cervical biopsy and endocervical curettage (ECC) and to identify specific patient characteristics that would predict which patients would be more likely to benefit from the application of benzocaine gel before cervical procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women requiring cervical biopsy and ECC completed a questionnaire that obtained demographical and pertinent gynecological information, perceived pain thresholds, and anxiety levels prior to the cervical biopsy procedures. Either benzocaine gel or a placebo was applied to the ectocervix and endocervical canal in a doubleblinded fashion. After each procedure, subjects reported the type, intensity, character, and duration of the sensation via visual analog scales (VAS) (0 = no sensation, 100 = maximum sensation).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No difference was noted in the mean VAS scores reported by the placebo and benzocaine cohorts for the sensation felt at the time of cervical biopsy (30.1 SD ± 28.2 and 35.3 SD ± 24.3, respectively; p = .33). No significant difference in mean VAS scores was noted after ECC by the placebo cohort (53.0 SD ± 26.8) and the benzocaine cohort (41.0 SD ± 28.2; p = .09). Pain experienced with prior Papanicolaou (Pap) smears correlated significantly with the level of sensation noted during cervical biopsy (r = 0.395; p = .0001). The mean VAS scores for sensation experienced during cervical biopsy also were significantly greater among women who reported a history of dyspareunia (42.2 vs 27.7; p = .0059) and who reported a history of painful pelvic examinations (45.0 vs 29.8; p = .0125) than among women who did not report these painful experiences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topical benzocaine gel was ineffective in reducing discomfort reported on cervical biopsy and ECC as compared with a placebo. Biopsy instrument sharpness may be a critically important factor that determines invoked pain. Discomfort associated with prior Pap smears, history of dyspareunia, and history of painful pelvic examinations correlated significantly with a greater perceived biopsy sensation. Prebiopsy recognition of these indicators may help clinicians to determine which women may be more likely to experience greater pain with cervical biopsy and enable them to intervene with other pain prevention measures.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Family Medicine, §Office of Biostatistics ∥Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Division of Gynecologic Oncology) ‡Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA †Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH.
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Ferris
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Callahan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Litaker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Messing
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mensah