title: The effect of spontaneous twin pregnancy on renal transplant function and haemodynamics.
abstract: Spontaneous twin pregnancy is rare in renal transplant recipients, and confers a significant risk, in terms of both transplant dysfunction and fetal complications. Physiological changes in renal haemodynamics may assist in predicting a favourable outcome, but have not been previously reported in these circumstances. We present a case of a successful outcome for both mother and babies, and detail the effects of the pregnancy on transplant function and haemodynamics within the transplant kidney. Without beneficial circumstances, twin pregnancy may be a high risk in renal transplant recipients and may lead to a poor outcome for both transplant and fetuses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Renal Medicine , Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust and Hull York Medical School , East Yorkshire, HU3 2JZ , UK.
authors.forename: Chee Kay
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.affiliation: Department of Renal Medicine , Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust and Hull York Medical School , East Yorkshire, HU3 2JZ , UK.
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhandari
keywords: haemodynamics; pregnancy; renal transplantation; twins