title: Reactions to ingroup and outgroup deviants: an experimental group paradigm for black sheep effect.
abstract: In the classic black sheep effect (BSE) an ingroup deviant member is usually evaluated more negatively than the corresponding outgroup deviant. This effect is usually obtained by using scenarios and asking people to imagine the situation as vividly as possible. The present study proposes a new method to investigate the BSE by considering the behavioral and physiological reactions to unfair behavior (aggressive game behavior) in a realistic experimental group-setting. The study involved 52 university students in a minimal group setting who performed a modified version of the competitive reaction time (CRT) task adapted to be played in groups of four people. The classic BSE was replicated for evaluation but not for the behavioral reactions (retaliate to aggression) to deviants. More interestingly, a negative relationship emerged in the ingroup deviant condition between the level of behavioral derogation and the systolic blood pressure level.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Psicologia dei Processi di Sviluppo e Socializzazione, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Marika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rullo
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Psicologia dei Processi di Sviluppo e Socializzazione, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Presaghi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Psicologia dei Processi di Sviluppo e Socializzazione, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Livi
mesh_terms: D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006126:Group Processes; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D011287:Prejudice; D012059:Rejection, Psychology; D012938:Social Perception; D055815:Young Adult