title: Revisiting a measure of child postoperative recovery: development of the Post Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire for Ambulatory Surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Post Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire (PHBQ) was designed for assessing children's posthospitalization and postoperative new-onset behavioral changes. However, the psychometric properties of the scale have not been re-evaluated in the past five decades despite substantial changes in the practice of surgery and anesthesia. In this investigation, we examined the psychometric properties of the PHBQ to potentially increase the efficacy and relevance of the instrument in current perioperative settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study used principal components analysis, a panel of experts, Cronbach's alpha, and correlations to examine the current subscale structure of the PHBQ and eliminate items to create the Post Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire for Ambulatory Surgery (PHBQ-AS). Data from previous investigations (N = 1064, Mage  = 5.88) which utilized the PHBQ were combined for the purposes of this paper.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A principal components analysis revealed that the original subscale structure of the PHBQ could not be replicated. Subsequently, a battery reduction, which utilized principal components analysis and a panel of experts, was used to eliminate the subscale structure of the scale and reduce the number of items from 27 to 11, creating the PHBQ-AS. The PHBQ-AS demonstrated good internal consistency reliability and concurrent validity with another measure of children's psychosocial and physical functioning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Revising the former subscale structure and reducing the number of items in the PHBQ to create the PHBQ-AS may provide a means for reducing the burden of postoperative behavioral assessment through decreasing time of administration and eliminating redundancy of items and allow for more accurate measurement of child postoperative behavioral changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Brooke N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.|Department of Child Study Center, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Zeev N
authors.initials: ZN
authors.lastname: Kain
authors.affiliation: Health Policy Research Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.|Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Sherrie H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Study Center, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Linda C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Mayes
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Josue
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guadarrama
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Fortier
mesh_terms: D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011184:Postoperative Period; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*
keywords: ambulatory surgery; behavioral change; measurement; modification; pediatric; postoperative