title: Parkinson's Disease, Depression, and Quality-of-Life.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) but is often under diagnosed and under treated leading to worsening of symptoms and deterioration of the quality-of-life of the people suffering from this disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The current study aims to determine the correlation between depression and health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) domains in patients with PD.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 65 consecutive patients attending the specialty Parkinson's clinic was assessed by a psychiatrist as part of the treatment protocol. Diagnosis of depression was done using the International Classification of Diseases-10 by a psychiatrist and depression was scored using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). QOL-BREF Malayalam version was used to assess quality-of-life in the patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-way ANOVA was used to find the difference in the quality-of-life experienced by different age categories, duration of the disease, psychiatric co-morbidity. Independent sample t-test was used to find the difference in the quality-of-life experienced by genders, co morbid conditions and to find the difference in the scores on GDS and domains of WHO QOL BREF. Association of H and Y staging and duration of Parkinsonism with GDS Scores were computed using Pearson's Chi-square test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a significant association of female gender and depression with the physical and psychological domains of QOL while the duration and staging of PD did not have any association with QOL Domains. Depression thus emerges as one of the main predictors of poor quality-of-life in PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Cochin, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Bindu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Cochin, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Rani
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nayar
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Cochin, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Cochin, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Sandhya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cherkil
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Cochin, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Venkatachalam
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Cochin, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Surendran
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Cochin, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Deepak
keywords: Depression; Parkinson's disease; quality-of-life