title: Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of an Arabic version of the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Arabic version of the shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). This was an observational reliability and validity study. We recruited 64 patients with shoulder pain and dysfunction with a wide variety of diagnoses. Patients completed the following questionnaires: Arabic SPADI, Quick Disability of the arm, shoulder and hand (Quick DASH), and the numerical rating scale (NRS) for pain. The active shoulder range of motion (ROM) was also assessed. Internal consistency was tested using Cronbach α. Reproducibility was assessed by asking the patients to complete another SPADI questionnaire 2 days after the first. Validity was assessed by calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient between the SPADI and the Quick DASH, NRS, and active shoulder ROM. The Cronbach α values for the pain score (0.96), disability score (0.98), and total score (0.98) of Arabic SPADI were all high. Similarly, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values for the pain, disability, and total score (ICC, 0.87, 0.96, and 0.95, respectively) of Arabic SPADI were all high. With respect to validity, there was a moderate to strong correlation between the Arabic SPADI and the Quick DASH, NRS, and active shoulder ROM. The translated version of SPADI in the Arabic language showed excellent internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Validity was shown by substantial correlations between SPADI and Quick DASH, NRS, and active shoulder ROM. The Arabic SPADI is recommended for the evaluation of patients with shoulder dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Orthopaedics, College of Medicine bRehabilitation Research Chair, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences (CAMS), King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia cPadmashree Dr D. Y. Patil College of Physiotherapy, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India dDepartment of Physical Therapy, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Hisham A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Alsanawi
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alghadir
authors.forename: Shahnawaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anwer
authors.forename: Kathryn E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Roach
authors.forename: Alia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alawaji
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011594:Psychometrics; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014175:Translating; D055815:Young Adult