title: Hepatoprotective and antiviral efficacy of Acacia mellifera leaves fractions against hepatitis B virus.
abstract: The present study investigated the hepatoprotective and anti-HBV efficacy of Acacia mellifera (AM) leaves extracts. The crude ethanolic-extract, including organic and aqueous fractions, were tested for cytotoxicity on HepG2 and HepG2.2.15 cells (IC50=684 μg/mL). Of these, the ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions showed the most promising, dose-dependent hepatoprotection in DCFH-toxicated cells at 48 h. In CCl4-injured rats, oral administration of AM ethanol extract (250 and 500 mg/kg·bw) for three weeks significantly normalized the sera aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoprotein levels and elevated tissue nonprotein sulphydryl and total protein. The histopathology of dissected livers also revealed that AM cured the tissue lesions. The phytochemical screening of the fractions showed presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, sterols, and saponins. Further, anti-HBV potential of the fractions was evaluated on HepG2.2.15 cells. Of these, the n-butanol and aqueous fractions exhibited the best inhibitory effects on HBsAg and HBeAg expressions in dose- and time-dependent manner. Taken together, while the ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions exhibited the most promising antioxidant/hepatoprotective and anti-HBV activity, respectively, the n-butanol partition showed both activities. Therefore, the therapeutic potential of AM extracts warrants further isolation of the active principle(s) and its phytochemical as well as biological studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia ; Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum 14415, Sudan.
authors.forename: Ahmed H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Arbab
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammad K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Parvez
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammed S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Al-Dosari
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Adnan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Al-Rehaily
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Sohaibani
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum 14415, Sudan.
authors.forename: Elwaleed E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Zaroug
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia ; Medicinal, Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mansour S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: AlSaid
authors.affiliation: Medicinal, Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Syed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rafatullah
mesh_terms: D000045:Acacia / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride / Q000633:toxicity; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D012503:Saponins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013634:Tannins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012503:Saponins; D013634:Tannins; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride