title: Spontaneous electrical activities at myofascial trigger points at different stages of recovery from injury in a rat model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spontaneous electrical activity (SEA) is a feature of myofascial trigger points (MTrPs), which can either be latent or active. However, SEA at different stages of recovery from MTrPs remains unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the temporal changes in the nature of SEA after generation of MTrPs in a rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  32 rats were divided into four groups: 24 rats were assigned to experimental groups (EGs), which underwent the MTrP modelling intervention and 8 were allocated to a control group (CG). All EG rats received a blunt strike to the left vastus medialis combined with eccentric exercise for 8 weeks. After modelling, the EG rats were subdivided into three groups with total recovery times of 4, 8 and 12 weeks (EG-4w, EG-8w and EG-12w, respectively). Taut bands (TBs) with and without the presence of active MTrPs were identified in the left hind limb muscles of all rats, verified by SEA and further examined with electromyography recordings. Myoelectrical signals were also categorised into one of five types.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CG rats had fewer TBs than EG rats and EGs showed variable frequencies of SEA. SEA frequencies were higher in EG-4w than in EG-8w and EG-12w groups (240.57±72.9 vs 168.14±64.5 and 151.63±65.4, respectively, p<0.05) and were significantly greater in all EGs than in the CG (55.75±21.9). Relative to CG rats, amplitudes and durations of electrical potentials in the EG were only increased in the EG-8w and EG-12w groups. Types IV and V myoelectrical signals were never seen in latent MTrPs and type V signals did not occur in EG-4w rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increasing recovery periods following a MTrP modelling intervention in rats are characterised by different frequencies and amplitudes of SEA from TBs.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  2014012.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Medicine and the Center of Rehabilitation, School of Sport Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Qiang-Min
authors.initials: QM
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Medicine and the Center of Rehabilitation, School of Sport Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jiao-Jiao
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Medicine and the Center of Rehabilitation, School of Sport Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Qiong-Mei
authors.initials: QM
authors.lastname: Ruanshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Medicine and the Center of Rehabilitation, School of Sport Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004576:Electromyography; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000293:injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009209:Myofascial Pain Syndromes / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020127:Recovery of Function
keywords: MYOFASCIAL PAIN; PAIN RESEARCH