title: In vivo gastric mucosal histopathology using endocytoscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the ability of endocytoscopy to identify normal gastric mucosa and to exclude Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endocytoscopic examination of the gastric corpus and antrum was performed in 70 consecutive patients. Target biopsy specimens were also obtained from the assessed region and multiple H. pylori tests were performed. The normal endocytoscopy patterns of the corpus and antrum were divided into the normal pit-dominant type (n-Pit) or the normal papilla-dominant type (n-Pap), respectively characterized as either regular pits with capillary networks or round, smooth papillary structures with spiral capillaries. On the other hand, normal mucosa was defined as mucosa not demonstrating histological abnormalities, including inflammation and atrophy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sensitivity and specificity of n-Pit for normal mucosa in the gastric corpus were 94.4% and 97.1%, respectively, whereas those of n-Pap for normal mucosa in the antrum were 92.0% and 86.7%, respectively. The positive predictive values of n-Pit and n-Pap for H. pylori-negative tissue were 88.6% and 93.1%, respectively, and their negative predictive values for H. pylori-negative tissues were 42.9% and 41.5%, respectively. The inter-observer agreement for determining n-Pit and n-Pap for normal mucosa were 0.857 and 0.769, respectively, which is considered reliable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  N-Pit and n-Pap, seen using EC, are considered useful predictors of normal mucosa and the absence of H. pylori infection.
authors.affiliation: Hiroki Sato, Haruhiro Inoue, Haruo Ikeda, Chiaki Sato, Chainarong Phlanusittepha, Shin-ei Kudo, Digestive Disease Center, Showa University, Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama 224-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Hiroki Sato, Haruhiro Inoue, Haruo Ikeda, Chiaki Sato, Chainarong Phlanusittepha, Shin-ei Kudo, Digestive Disease Center, Showa University, Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama 224-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruhiro
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Hiroki Sato, Haruhiro Inoue, Haruo Ikeda, Chiaki Sato, Chainarong Phlanusittepha, Shin-ei Kudo, Digestive Disease Center, Showa University, Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama 224-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.affiliation: Hiroki Sato, Haruhiro Inoue, Haruo Ikeda, Chiaki Sato, Chainarong Phlanusittepha, Shin-ei Kudo, Digestive Disease Center, Showa University, Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama 224-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Chiaki
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Hiroki Sato, Haruhiro Inoue, Haruo Ikeda, Chiaki Sato, Chainarong Phlanusittepha, Shin-ei Kudo, Digestive Disease Center, Showa University, Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama 224-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Chainarong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Phlanusittepha
authors.affiliation: Hiroki Sato, Haruhiro Inoue, Haruo Ikeda, Chiaki Sato, Chainarong Phlanusittepha, Shin-ei Kudo, Digestive Disease Center, Showa University, Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama 224-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Bu'Hussain
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hayee
authors.affiliation: Hiroki Sato, Haruhiro Inoue, Haruo Ikeda, Chiaki Sato, Chainarong Phlanusittepha, Shin-ei Kudo, Digestive Disease Center, Showa University, Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama 224-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Esperanza Grace R
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Santi
authors.affiliation: Hiroki Sato, Haruhiro Inoue, Haruo Ikeda, Chiaki Sato, Chainarong Phlanusittepha, Shin-ei Kudo, Digestive Disease Center, Showa University, Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama 224-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasutoshi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Hiroki Sato, Haruhiro Inoue, Haruo Ikeda, Chiaki Sato, Chainarong Phlanusittepha, Shin-ei Kudo, Digestive Disease Center, Showa University, Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama 224-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin-Ei
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kudo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D003581:Cytodiagnosis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D005773:Gastroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011706:Pyloric Antrum / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
keywords: Atrophy; Endocytoscopy; Gastric mucosa; Helicobacter pylori; In vivo histopathology