title: Dose estimations for Iranian 11-year-old pediatric phantoms undergoing computed tomography examinations.
abstract: In order to establish an organ and effective dose database for Iranian children undergoing computed tomography (CT) examinations, in the first step, two Iranian 11-year-old phantoms were constructed from image series obtained from CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Organ and effective doses for these phantoms were calculated for head, chest, abdomen-pelvis and chest-abdomen-pelvis (CAP) scans at tube voltages of 80, 100 and 120 kVp, and then they were compared with those of the University of Florida (UF) 11-year-old male phantom. Depth distributions of the organs and the mass of the surrounding tissues located in the beam path, which shield the internal organs, were determined for all phantoms. From the results, it was determined that the main organs of the UF phantom receive smaller doses than the two Iranian phantoms, except for the urinary bladder of the Iranian girl phantom. In addition, the relationship between the anatomical differences and the size of the dose delivered was also investigated and the discrepancies between the results were examined and justified.
authors.affiliation: Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad, 91775-1436, Iran.
authors.forename: Parisa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Akhlaghi
authors.affiliation: Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad, 91775-1436, Iran mirihakim@ferdowsi.um.ac.ir mirihakim@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Hashem
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miri-Hakimabad
authors.affiliation: Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad, 91775-1436, Iran.
authors.forename: Laleh
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rafat-Motavalli
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D000069079:Radiation Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014915:Whole-Body Counting / Q000295:instrumentation*
keywords: Iranian 11-year-old phantom; Monte Carlo simulation; computed tomography; dose estimation; organ depth distribution