title: Cranberry Xyloglucan Structure and Inhibition of Escherichia coli Adhesion to Epithelial Cells.
abstract: Cranberry juice has been recognized as a treatment for urinary tract infections on the basis of scientific reports of proanthocyanidin anti-adhesion activity against Escherichia coli as well as from folklore. Xyloglucan oligosaccharides were detected in cranberry juice and the residue remaining following commercial juice extraction that included pectinase maceration of the pulp. A novel xyloglucan was detected through tandem mass spectrometry analysis of an ion at m/z 1055 that was determined to be a branched, three hexose, four pentose oligosaccharide consistent with an arabino-xyloglucan structure. Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis provided through-bond correlations for the α-L-Araf (1→2) α-D-Xylp (1→6) β-D-Glcp sequence, proving the S-type cranberry xyloglucan structure. Cranberry xyloglucan-rich fractions inhibited the adhesion of E. coli CFT073 and UTI89 strains to T24 human bladder epithelial cells and that of E. coli O157:H7 to HT29 human colonic epithelial cells. SSGG xyloglucan oligosaccharides represent a new cranberry bioactive component with E. coli anti-adhesion activity and high affinity for type 1 fimbriae.
authors.affiliation: †Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, United States.
authors.forename: Arland T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Hotchkiss
authors.affiliation: †Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, United States.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nuñez
authors.affiliation: †Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, United States.
authors.forename: Gary D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Strahan
authors.affiliation: †Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, United States.
authors.forename: Hoa K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Chau
authors.affiliation: †Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, United States.
authors.forename: André K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: ‡Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc., One Ocean Spray Drive, Lakeville-Middleboro, Massachusetts 02349, United States.
authors.forename: Jannie P J
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Marais
authors.affiliation: §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, 20 North Pine Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States.
authors.forename: Kellie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hom
authors.affiliation: #Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States.
authors.forename: Malathi S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Vakkalanka
authors.affiliation: ⊥Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Di
authors.affiliation: #Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States.
authors.forename: Kit L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Yam
authors.affiliation: ‡Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc., One Ocean Spray Drive, Lakeville-Middleboro, Massachusetts 02349, United States.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Khoo
mesh_terms: D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D002460:Cell Line; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000382:microbiology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005936:Glucans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029799:Vaccinium macrocarpon / Q000737:chemistry*; D014990:Xylans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005936:Glucans; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014990:Xylans; C029353:xyloglucan
keywords: Escherichia coli; anti-adhesive; arabino-xyloglucan; cranberry; urinary tract infection