title: Osteoblast response to porous titanium and biomimetic surface: In vitro analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study analyzed the behavior of human osteoblasts cultured on porous titanium specimens, with and without biomimetic treatment, compared to dense titanium.
  
  
  METHODS
  The experiment had seven groups: Group 1: cells cultured on polystyrene of culture plate wells; Group 2: cells cultured on dense titanium specimen; Group 3: specimen with 33.79% of pores; Group 4: 41.79% of pores; Groups 5, 6 and 7: specimens similar to groups 2, 3 and 4, yet with biomimetic treatment. Real time-polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription of the following genes was performed: prostaglandin E2 synthase, integrin β1, osterix, Runx2, Interleukin 6, macrophage colony stimulating factor, apolipoprotein E and others. The study achieved data on cell adhesion, growth and viability, total protein content, alkaline phosphatase activity and quantity of mineralized nodule formations. Data were statistically evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adherent cells and alkaline phosphatase activity were similar in titanium specimens, regardless of the groups. Biomimetic treatment reduced the total protein activity and the viability of tested cells. Most tested genes had statistically similar expression in all groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The tested porosities did not cause alterations in osteoblast behavior and the biomimetic treatment impaired the biocompatibility of titanium causing cytotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos (SP), School of Dentistry, Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, São José dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: renatafalchete@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Renata Falchete do
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Prado
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos (SP), School of Dentistry, Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, São José dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Saraiva
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnosis and Surgery Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos (SP), School of Dentistry, Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, São José dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Dias
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos (SP), School of Dentistry, Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, São José dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luana Marotta Reis
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: de Vasconcellos
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos (SP), School of Dentistry, Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, São José dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Yasmin Rodarte
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Division of Materials, Air and Space Institute, CTA, Praça Mal. do Ar Eduardo Gomes, 14, São José dos Campos 12904-000, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Alberto Alves
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Cairo
mesh_terms: D032701:Biomimetics / Q000379:methods*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D016062:Porosity; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Biocompatibility; Gene expression; Hydroxyapatite; Osteoblasts; Titanium