title: Cyclodextrins: improving the therapeutic response of analgesic drugs: a patent review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligosaccharides that have recently been recognized as useful tools for optimizing the delivery of such problematic drugs. CDs can be found in at least 35 pharmaceutical products, such as anticancer agents, analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs. Besides, several studies have demonstrated that CD-complexed drugs could provide benefits in solubility, stability and also improve pharmacological response when compared with the drug alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patent search was conducted in the databases WIPO, Espacenet, USPTO, Derwent and INPI, using the keywords cyclodextrin, pain and its related terms (analgesia, hyperalgesia, hypernociception, nociception, antinociception, antinociceptive). We found 442 patents. Criteria such as the complexation of analgesic agents and evidence of improvement of the therapeutic effect were indispensable for the inclusion of the patent. So, 18 patents were selected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We noticed that some patents are related to the complexation of opioids, NSAIDs, as well as natural products, in different types of CDs. The use of CDs creates the prospect of developing new therapeutic options for the most effective treatment of painful conditions, allowing a reduction of dosage of analgesic drugs and the occurrence of side effects. Thus, CDs can be an important tool to improve the efficacy and pharmacological profile of analgesic drugs.
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Sergipe, Department of Physiology , Avenue Marechal Rondom, São Cristóvão, Sergipe , Brazil +55 79 21056645 ; +55 79 3212 6640 ; lucindojr@gmail.com ; lucindo@pq.cnpq.br.
authors.forename: Makson G B
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Adriana G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.forename: Adriano A S
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.forename: Jullyana S S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Quintans
authors.forename: Márcio R V
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Lucindo J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Quintans-Júnior
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D003505:Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry*; D015195:Drug Design; D004355:Drug Stability; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D010330:Patents as Topic; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D003505:Cyclodextrins; D005079:Excipients
keywords: analgesia; cyclodextrin; drugs; inflammation; nociception; pain