title: Characterization and cytocompatibility of a new injectable multiphasic bone substitute based on a combination of polysaccharide gel-coated OSPROLIFE(®) HA/TTCP granules and bone marrow concentrate.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the in vitro cytocompatibility of a novel injectable multiphasic bone substitute (MBS) based on polysaccharide gel-coated OSPROLIFE(®) hydroxyapatite (HA)/tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) granules combined with bone marrow concentrate (BMC). Polysaccharide gel-coated granules loaded in syringe were combined with BMC diluted in ionic crosslinking solution. The product was then maintained in culture to investigate the cytocompatibility, distribution, and osteogenic differentiation function of cells contained in the BMC. The in vitro cytocompatibility was assessed after 0, 24, and 96 h from the injectable MBS preparation using the LIVE/DEAD(®) staining kit. The results highlighted that cells remained viable after combination with the polysaccharide gel-coated granules; also, viability was maintained over time. The distribution of the cells in the product, observed using confocal microscopy, showed viable cells immersed in the polysaccharide gel formed between the granules after ionic crosslinking. The mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) contained in the injectable MBS, the basic elements for bone tissue regeneration, were able to differentiate toward osteoblasts, producing an osteogenic matrix as evidenced by alizarin red-s (AR-S) staining. In conclusion, we found that the injectable MBS may have the potential to be used as a bone substitute by applying a "one-step" procedure in bone tissue engineering applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 894-902, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Osteoarticular Regeneration Laboratory, 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Division, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, 40136, Italy.|Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, 40123, Italy.
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pierini
authors.affiliation: Osteoarticular Regeneration Laboratory, 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Division, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, 40136, Italy.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lucarelli
authors.affiliation: Osteoarticular Regeneration Laboratory, 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Division, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, 40136, Italy.|Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, 40123, Italy.
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duchi
authors.affiliation: Eurocoating Spa, Research and Development Department, Pergine Valsugana, 38057, Trento, Italy.
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prosperi
authors.affiliation: Eurocoating Spa, Research and Development Department, Pergine Valsugana, 38057, Trento, Italy.
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Preve
authors.affiliation: Eurocoating Spa, Research and Development Department, Pergine Valsugana, 38057, Trento, Italy.
authors.forename: Marzio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piccinini
authors.affiliation: Eurocoating Spa, Research and Development Department, Pergine Valsugana, 38057, Trento, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bucciotti
authors.affiliation: Osteoarticular Regeneration Laboratory, 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Division, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, 40136, Italy.|Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, 40123, Italy.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Donati
mesh_terms: D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; C485830:tetracalcium phosphate; D017886:Durapatite
keywords: bone marrow concentrate; hydroxyapatite; injectable; mesenchymal stromal cells; tetracalcium phosphate