title: Sulfated modification, characterization and property of a water-insoluble polysaccharide from Ganoderma atrum.
abstract: Sulfated modification was carried out to modify a water-insoluble polysaccharide from Ganoderma atrum (AGAP). The effects of sulfation on structure, physicochemical and functional properties of AGAP were investigated. Three sulfated derivatives were prepared, designated as S-1, S-2 and S-3 with degree of substitution (DS) of 0.35, 0.74 and 1.14, respectively. AGAP was elucidated as an α-(1→3)-glucan with few branches terminated by single mannose or xylose residues. The molecular weight (Mw) and radius of gyration (Rg) were estimated to be 1665 kDa and 65.49 nm, respectively. After sulfated modification, non-selective sulfation occurred preferably at O-6, partially at O-2 and O-4 positions of the glucosyl residues. The water-solubility of the derivatives was significantly improved in a DS-dependent manner. Mw of the derivatives showed a sharp decrease, and the chain conformation was estimated to be expanded stiff in phosphate buffer. In vitro tests showed that sulfated modification improved its antioxidant activities and anti-proliferative ability against S-180 tumor cells. This study suggested that sulfated modification was an effective approach to improve the water-solubility and functional properties of insoluble polysaccharides.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ont., Canada N1G 5C9. Electronic address: zhh8672@126.com.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China. Electronic address: 815139617@qq.com.
authors.forename: Jun-Qiao
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China. Electronic address: spnie@ncu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shao-Ping
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China. Electronic address: yuanxingwang@tom.com.
authors.forename: Yuan-Xing
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ont., Canada N1G 5C9. Electronic address: Steve.Cui@agr.gc.ca.
authors.forename: Steve W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China. Electronic address: myxie@ncu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ming-Yong
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D002236:Carbohydrate Conformation; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D054697:Cytostatic Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D062610:Fungal Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D032902:Ganoderma / Q000737:chemistry*; D005936:Glucans / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D051379:Mice; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010851:Picrates / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D012995:Solubility; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D054697:Cytostatic Agents; D062610:Fungal Polysaccharides; D005936:Glucans; D010851:Picrates; D013431:Sulfates; D014867:Water; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
keywords: Antioxidant activity; Ganoderma atrum; Physicochemical property; Structure; Sulfated modification; Water-insoluble polysaccharide