title: Prdx4 is a compartment-specific H2O2 sensor that regulates neurogenesis by controlling surface expression of GDE2.
abstract: Neural progenitors and terminally differentiated neurons show distinct redox profiles, suggesting that coupled-redox cascades regulate the initiation and progression of neuronal differentiation. Discrete cellular compartments have different redox environments and how they contribute to differentiation is unclear. Here we show that Prdx4, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) enzyme that metabolizes H2O2, acts as a tunable regulator of neurogenesis via its compartmentalized thiol-oxidative function. Prdx4 ablation causes premature motor neuron differentiation and progenitor depletion, leading to imbalances in subtype-specific motor neurons. GDE2, a six-transmembrane protein that induces differentiation by downregulating Notch signalling through surface cleavage of GPI-anchored proteins, is targeted by Prdx4 oxidative activity. Prdx4 dimers generated by H2O2 metabolism oxidize two cysteine residues within the GDE2 enzymatic domain, which blocks GDE2 trafficking to the plasma membrane and prevents GDE2 neurogeneic function. Thus, Prdx4 oxidative activity acts as a sensor to directly couple neuronal differentiation with redox environments in the ER.
authors.affiliation: The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, PCTB1004, 725 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, PCTB1004, 725 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wladyka
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.affiliation: The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, PCTB1004, 725 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Shanthini
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sockanathan
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002451:Cell Compartmentation; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D002645:Chickens; D003545:Cysteine / Q000378:metabolism; D004843:Epistasis, Genetic; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000166:cytology; D055495:Neurogenesis; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D054464:Peroxiredoxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000378:metabolism; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D054464:Peroxiredoxins; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D003545:Cysteine