title: A new approach to define and diagnose cardiometabolic disorder in children.
abstract: The aim of the study was to test the performance of a new definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS), which better describes metabolic dysfunction in children. Methods. 15,794 youths aged 6-18 years participated. Mean z-score for CVD risk factors was calculated. Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate which parameters best described the metabolic dysfunction by analysing the score against independent variables not included in the score. Results. More youth had clustering of CVD risk factors (>6.2%) compared to the number selected by existing MetS definitions (International Diabetes Federation (IDF) < 1%). Waist circumference and BMI were interchangeable, but using insulin resistance homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) instead of fasting glucose increased the score. The continuous MetS score was increased when cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and leptin were included. A mean z-score of 0.40-0.85 indicated borderline and above 0.85 indicated clustering of risk factors. A noninvasive risk score based on adiposity and CRF showed sensitivity and specificity of 0.85 and an area under the curve of 0.92 against IDF definition of MetS. Conclusions. Diagnosis for MetS in youth can be improved by using continuous variables for risk factors and by including CRF and leptin.
authors.affiliation: Center of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sport Sciences and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark ; Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Sognsveien 220, 0806 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Lars Bo
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9800-029X
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Sognsveien 220, 0806 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Jeppe Bo
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lauersen
authors.affiliation: Center of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sport Sciences and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jan Christian
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Brønd
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Sognsveien 220, 0806 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Sigmund Alfred
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Anderssen
authors.affiliation: Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Fac Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Dacosth, Cruz-Quebrada, 1499 Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Luis B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Sardinha
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Sognsveien 220, 0806 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Jostein
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Steene-Johannessen
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, 025 Fetzer Gym, CB No. 8700, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-8700, USA.
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: McMurray
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education, University of Pernambuco, Campus Universitario HUOC-ESEF, Arnobio Marques 310, Santo Amaro, 50.100-130 Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mauro V G
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zürich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Susi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kriemler
authors.affiliation: Center of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sport Sciences and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
authors.forename: Niels Christian
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Møller
authors.affiliation: Center of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sport Sciences and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bugge
authors.affiliation: Center of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sport Sciences and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
authors.forename: Peter Lund
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Kristensen
authors.affiliation: Center of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sport Sciences and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark ; The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Trygfondens Center for Aktiv Sundhed, Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Tagensvej 20, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ried-Larsen
authors.affiliation: Center of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sport Sciences and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grøntved
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Sognsveien 220, 0806 Oslo, Norway ; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ekelund
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012307:Risk Factors; D055105:Waist Circumference / Q000502:physiology*