title: Taxonomy and biology of a new ambrosia gall midge Daphnephila urnicola sp. nov. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) inducing urn-shaped leaf galls on two species of Machilus (Lauraceae) in Taiwan.
abstract: Recent field surveys show that galls induced by Daphnephila spp. (Cecidomyiidae) on Machilus spp. (Lauraceae) are common in Taiwan, yet only five species, four leaf-gall inducers and one stem-gall inducer on M. thunbergii, have been named in the past. Here we describe a new species, Daphnephila urnicola sp. nov. Chiang, Yang & Tokuda, inducing urn-shaped galls on leaves of both M. zuihoensis and M. mushaensis. Comparisons of D. urnicola populations on M. zuihoensis and on M. mushaensis, indicate that they belong to one species, a result supported by gall midge morphology, life-history traits, gall shape and structure, the developmental process of gall tissues, fungal associations, and DNA-sequencing data. Size and structure of the gall operculum was found to differ between M. zuihoensis and M. mushahaensis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 250, Kuo Kuang Rd., Taichung 402, Taiwan.; Email: remi.parrot@msa.hinet.net.
authors.forename: Liang-Yu
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 250, Kuo Kuang Rd., Taichung 402, Taiwan.; Email: unknown.
authors.forename: Tung-Chuan
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 250, Kuo Kuang Rd., Taichung 402, Taiwan.; Email: orange127kimo@yahoo.com.tw.
authors.forename: Yu-Chu
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 250, Kuo Kuang Rd., Taichung 402, Taiwan.; Email: copykk0115@yahoo.com.tw.
authors.forename: Wen-Neng
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 250, Kuo Kuang Rd., Taichung 402, Taiwan .; Email: schsiao@dragon.nchu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Shu-Chuan
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hsiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan.; Email: tokudam@cc.saga-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tokuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 250, Kuo Kuang Rd., Taichung 402, Taiwan.; Email: david10025200@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Cheng-Lung
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 250, Kuo Kuang Rd., Taichung 402, Taiwan.; Email: mmyang@dragon.nchu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Man-Miao
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D063147:Animal Distribution; D000825:Animal Structures / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D000818:Animals; D049628:Body Size; D002683:Chironomidae / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D005260:Female; D019770:Lauraceae / Q000469:parasitology*; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D010802:Phylogeny; D010941:Plant Tumors / Q000469:parasitology*; D013624:Taiwan