title: An odor detection system based on automatically trained mice by relative go no-go olfactory operant conditioning.
abstract: Odor detection applications are needed by human societies in various circumstances. Rodent offers unique advantages in developing biologic odor detection systems. This report outlines a novel apparatus designed to train maximum 5 mice automatically to detect odors using a new olfactory, relative go no-go, operant conditioning paradigm. The new paradigm offers the chance to measure real-time reliability of individual animal's detection behavior with changing responses. All of 15 water-deprivation mice were able to learn to respond to unpredictable delivering of the target odor with higher touch frequencies via a touch sensor. The mice were continually trained with decreasing concentrations of the target odor (n-butanol), the average correct percent significantly dropped when training at 0.01% solution concentration; the alarm algorithm showed excellent recognition of odor detection behavior of qualified mice group through training. Then, the alarm algorithm was repeatedly tested against simulated scenario for 4 blocks. The mice acted comparable to the training period during the tests, and provided total of 58 warnings for the target odor out of 59 random deliveries and 0 false alarm. The results suggest this odor detection method is promising for further development in respect to various types of odor detection applications.
authors.affiliation: 1] Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China [2] University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: 1] Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China [2] University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: JingKuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: 1] Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China [2] University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Joshua D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Rizak
authors.affiliation: Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650550, China.
authors.forename: YanMei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.
authors.forename: JianHong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1] Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China [2] State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [3] Kunming Primate Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.
authors.forename: XinTian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: 1] Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China [2] State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [3] Kunming Primate Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.
authors.forename: YuanYe
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000502:physiology*; D003657:Decision Making / Q000502:physiology*; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009812:Odorants; D012201:Reward; D012903:Smell / Q000502:physiology*; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis