title: Capture of methyl bromide emissions with activated carbon following the fumigation of a small building contaminated with a Bacillus anthracis spore simulant.
abstract: A wide-area Bacillus anthracis spore contamination incident will present immense challenges related to decontamination capacity. For this reason, fumigation with methyl bromide (MeBr) has been proposed as a potential remediation option. Although a few bench-scale laboratory studies have been conducted to evaluate activated carbon for the capture of MeBr, these studies were conducted at conditions replicating commodity fumigation using relatively low MeBr concentrations, temperatures, and/or relative humidity (RH) levels. The more rigorous MeBr fumigation requirements to fully inactivate B. anthracis spores are much more of a challenge for an activated carbon system (ACS) to capture MeBr, and warrant their own investigation. Further, while the aforementioned studies have shown activated carbon to be a possible option for the capture of MeBr in gas streams, these tests were conducted at laboratory bench scale, and thus lack operational perspective and data. Thus, we present for the first time the results of a full-scale study to evaluate an ACS employed for the capture of MeBr at conditions that would be used for decontaminating a building structure contaminated with B. anthracis spores. Airflow rate, temperature, RH, and MeBr levels were measured within the ACS during its operation. Despite the relatively high humidity, temperature, and MeBr levels, the MeBr capture efficiency of the ACS was demonstrated to be more than 99%. The concentration of MeBr exhausted from the structure was reduced from 41,000 to 136 ppmv in 3.5 hr, corresponding to an overall atmospheric emission rate of less than 2 kg. The practical adsorption rate of the ACS was determined to be 4.83 kg MeBr/100 kg carbon. The information and data presented here will facilitate future use of this technology when fumigating with MeBr.
authors.affiliation: a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA.
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Mathew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Clayton
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: McArthur
authors.forename: Shannon D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Serre
authors.forename: Leroy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mickelsen
authors.forename: Abderrahmane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Touati
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D001408:Bacillus anthracis / Q000187:drug effects; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D003666:Decontamination / Q000379:methods*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000737:chemistry*; D005651:Fumigation; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000737:chemistry*; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D004202:Disinfectants; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D002606:Charcoal; C005218:methyl bromide