title: The impact of cell phone use on the intensity and liking of a bout of treadmill exercise.
abstract: This study used a within-subjects design to assess the effect of three common cellular telephone (cell phone) functions (texting, talking, listening to music) on planned exercise. Forty-four young adults (n = 33 females, 21.8 ± 1.3 years) each participated in four, separate, 30-minute exercise conditions on a treadmill in a random order. During each condition, the treadmill speed display was covered and grade was fixed at zero. However, participants were able to alter treadmill speed as desired. Throughout the texting and talking conditions, research personnel used a pre-determined script to simulate cell phone conversations. During the music condition, participants used their cell phone to listen to music of their choice. Finally, participants completed a control condition with no cell phone access. For each condition, average treadmill speed, heart rate and liking (via visual analog scale) were assessed. Treadmill speed (3.4 ± 1.3 miles∙hour(-1)), heart rate (122.3 ± 24.3 beats∙min(-1)) and liking (7.5 ± 1.5 cm) in the music condition were significantly (p ≤ 0.014) greater than all other conditions. Treadmill speed in the control condition (3.1 ± 1.2 miles∙hour(-1)) was significantly (p = 0.04) greater than both texting and talking (2.8 ± 1.1 miles∙hour(-1) each). Heart rate during the control condition (115.4 ± 22.8 beats∙min(-1)) was significantly (p = 0.04) greater than texting (109.9 ± 16.4 beats∙min(-1)) but not talking (112.6 ± 16.1 beats∙min(-1)). Finally, liking during the talking condition (5.4 ± 2.2 cm) was greater (p = 0.05) than the control (4.3 ± 2.2 cm) but not the texting (5.1 ± 2.2 cm) conditions. In conclusion, using a cell phone for listening to music can increase the intensity (speed and heart rate) and liking of a bout of treadmill exercise. However, other common cell phone uses (texting and talking) can interfere with treadmill exercise and reduce intensity.
authors.affiliation: College of Education, Health and Human Services, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, 44242, United States of America; Department of Exercise Science, Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania, Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania, 17815, United States of America.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rebold
authors.affiliation: College of Education, Health and Human Services, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, 44242, United States of America.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lepp
authors.affiliation: College of Education, Health and Human Services, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, 44242, United States of America; Department of Kinesiology and Health, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, Kentucky, 41099, United States of America.
authors.forename: Gabriel J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.affiliation: College of Education, Health and Human Services, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, 44242, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jacob E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Barkley
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009146:Music / Q000523:psychology; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology; D060145:Text Messaging; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult