title: Effects of atorvastatin on oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Statins have pleiotropic effects that include attenuation of oxidative stress that may be relevant for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. We investigated the effect of long-term atorvastatin therapy on oxidative stress biomarkers in CKD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a pre-specified secondary analysis of data from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (Lipid lowering and Onset of Renal Disease, LORD) in CKD patients. Participants received 10 mg/day atorvastatin (n = 47) or placebo (n = 39) for 3 years. Plasma measures (total F2-isoprostanes, malondialdehyde. protein carbonyls, uric acid, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) ) were performed at baseline and at 3 years. Age and sex matched participants (n = 34) with normal kidney function were controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CKD patients had significantly (P < 0.05) increased F2-isoprostanes and uric acid and decreased GPx activity compared with controls. When comparing the treatment (atorvastatin (A) vs placebo (P) ) change from baseline to 3 years, there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the group difference of the change values: (mean (95% CI), F2-isoprostanes = 5.3 (-29.2 to 39.8) pg/mL, protein carbonyls = 0.03 (-0.13 to 0.19) nmol/mg, GPx activity = -0.10 (-4.73 to 4.52) (U/L), uric acid = 8.8 (-33.9 to 51.6) μmol/L or TAC = -0.03 (-0.10 to 0.04) mmol/L. A significant difference (P = 0.04) in the change in malondialdehyde between groups, 1.52(0.09 to 2.96) μmol/L, was due to a large decrease in the placebo group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CKD patients had elevated oxidative stress that was not attenuated by atorvastatin 10 mg/day for 3 years.
authors.affiliation: School of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Fassett
authors.affiliation: School of Human Life Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia.
authors.forename: Iain K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.affiliation: School of Human Life Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia.
authors.forename: Madeleine J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.affiliation: School of Human Life Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia.
authors.forename: Dominic P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Geraghty
authors.affiliation: School of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Jeff S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Coombes
keywords: F2-isoprostanes; glutathione peroxidase; malondialdehyde; protein carbonyls; total antioxidant status; uric acid