title: The effects of energy intake of four different feeding patterns in rats.
abstract: Energy intake can affect the metabolism. But it is not very clear that how and to what degree the metabolism can be changed by energy intake quantity and change. Here we applied four feeding patterns in male Sprague-Dawley rats--normal ad libitum diet (NFal), high-fat diet (HFal), caloric restriction (CR) after HFal (HFal-NFcr), and refeeding from CR to ad libitum (HFal-NFcr-NFal). Food intake and body weight, along with fat mass, insulin sensitivity, fasting plasma insulin, and glucose level were used to calculate the energy efficiency and compared the quantitative effects of energy intake. Energy intake changed little in NFal or HFal group; while it changed greatly and suddenly in HFal-NFcr or HFal-NFcr-NFal group. All the parameters we detected were different between these four feeding patterns. Excess of energy intake from high-fat diet induced adverse outcomes with low energy efficiency. CR reversed the impairment of high-fat diet with very high energy efficiency in a short period. However, dramatic response with high energy efficiency induced by recovery to feeding ad libitum after CR, which was possible harmful to health. In conclusion, energy intake quantity and change are key determinants of metabolism. Different energy intake quantity and change affect body weight, white adipose tissue weight, insulin sensitivity, etc. at different degrees and speeds because of different energy efficiency.
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Yi-wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: En-yi
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100730, China tmzhang126@126.com.
authors.forename: Tie-mei
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose; D050218:Body Fat Distribution; D001835:Body Weight; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin
keywords: Energy efficiency; caloric restriction; fat mass; high-fat diet; insulin sensitivity; refeeding