title: Treatment of Adolescent Substance Use Disorders and Co-Occurring Internalizing Disorders: A Critical Review and Proposed Model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The past several decades have seen dramatic growth in empirically supported treatments for adolescent substance use disorders (SUDs), yet even the most well-established approaches struggle to produce large or long-lasting improvements. These difficulties may stem, in part, from the high rates of comorbidity between SUDs and other psychiatric disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  We critically reviewed the treatment outcome literature for adolescents with co-occurring SUDs and internalizing disorders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our review identified components of existing treatments that might be included in an integrated, evidence-based approach to the treatment of SUDs and internalizing disorders. An effective program may involve careful assessment, inclusion of parents or guardians, and tailoring of interventions via a modular strategy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The existing literature guides the development of a conceptual evidence-based, modular treatment model targeting adolescents with co-occurring internalizing and SUDs. With empirical study, such a model may better address treatment outcomes for both disorder types in adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, 705 Riley Hospital Drive, Room 4300, Indianapolis, IN 46205, USA. lhulvers@iupui.edu.
authors.forename: Leslie A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Hulvershorn
authors.forename: Patrick D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: Eric L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Scott
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017831:Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation