title: Iron from haemoglobin and haemin modulates nucleotide hydrolysis in Trichomonas vaginalis.
abstract: Extracellular ATP may act as a danger signalling molecule, inducing inflammation and immune responses in infection sites. The ectonucleotidases NTPDase and ecto-5'-nucleotidase are enzymes that modulate extracellular nucleotide levels; these enzymes have been previously characterised in Trichomonas vaginalis. Iron plays an important role in the complex trichomonal pathogenesis. Herein, the effects of iron on growth, nucleotide hydrolysis and NTPDase gene expression in T. vaginalis isolates from female and male patients were evaluated. Iron from different sources sustained T. vaginalis growth. Importantly, iron from haemoglobin (HB) and haemin (HM) enhanced NTPDase activity in isolates from female patients and conversely reduced the enzyme activity in isolates from male patients. Iron treatments could not alter the NTPDase transcript levels in T. vaginalis. Furthermore, our results reveal a distinct ATP, ADP and AMP hydrolysis profile between isolates from female and male patients influenced by iron from HB and HM. Our data indicate the participation of NTPDase and ecto-5'-nucleotidase in the establishment of trichomonas infection through ATP degradation and adenosine production influenced by iron.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Patrícia de Brum
authors.initials: Pde B
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Nícolas Luiz Feijó
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Luiza Wilges
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Kist
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Giovanna Medeiros Tavares de
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Maurício Reis
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bogo
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Geriatria e Gerontologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Geraldo Atillio de
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Carli
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Alexandre José
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Macedo
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Tiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tasca
mesh_terms: D015720:5'-Nucleotidase / Q000378:metabolism; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006427:Hemin / Q000737:chemistry*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007501:Iron / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000378:metabolism*; D016053:RNA, Protozoan; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014245:Trichomonas Infections / Q000201:enzymology; D014246:Trichomonas vaginalis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D009711:Nucleotides; D016053:RNA, Protozoan; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D006427:Hemin; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D007501:Iron; D015720:5'-Nucleotidase; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases