title: Training the developing brain part II: cognitive considerations for youth instruction and feedback.
abstract: Growing numbers of youth participating in competitive, organized physical activity have led to a concern for the risk of sports-related injuries during important periods of human development. Recent studies have demonstrated the ability of integrative neuromuscular training (INT) to enhance athletic performance and reduce the risk of sports-related injuries in youth. Successful implementation of INT necessitates instruction from knowledgeable and qualified instructors who understand the unique physical, cognitive, and psychosocial characteristics of the youth to provide appropriate training instruction and feedback. Principles of a classical theory of cognitive development provide a useful context for discussion of developmentally appropriate methods and strategies for INT instruction of youth. INT programs that consider these developmentally appropriate approaches will provide a controlled efficacious environment for youth to improve athletic performance and reduce risk of sports-related injury, thus promoting a healthy active lifestyle beyond an individual's formative years.
authors.affiliation: 1Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; 2Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH; 3Center for Cognition, Action and Perception, Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH; 4Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ; 5Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; 6Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH; 7Sports Medicine - Sports Health and Performance Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and 8The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Adam M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kushner
authors.forename: Adam W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Kiefer
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lesnick
authors.forename: Avery D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Faigenbaum
authors.forename: Susmita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kashikar-Zuck
authors.forename: Gregory D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Myer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D041923:Adolescent Development; D054874:Athletic Performance; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition; D000068156:Formative Feedback; D006801:Humans; D064797:Physical Conditioning, Human / Q000379:methods; D010806:Physical Education and Training / Q000379:methods*; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods; D000067009:Youth Sports / Q000523:psychology*