title: Determination of polyphenol and crude nutrient content and nutrient digestibility of dried and ensiled white and red grape pomace cultivars.
abstract: The present study aimed to determine the nutrient and energy content of fresh and ensiled grape pomace (GP) from different grape varieties originating from Germany, and to estimate the feed value of dried white, dried red and ensiled white GP by calculating nutrient digestibility and the content of metabolisable energy (ME) and net energy lactation (NEL) measured in sheep as a ruminant model. GP from red cultivars had higher contents of organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fibre (CF), total phenolic contents (TPC) and ME, whereas the concentrations of ash and sugar were lower than from white cultivars. Compared with untreated GP, ensiled GP had increased concentrations of CP (+19%), ether extract (EE; +23%) and CF (+12%) and a higher ME content (+7%) and markedly decreased concentrations of sugar (-99.6%) and TPC (-48%). The concentrations of dry matter, OM and ash were not different between ensiled and fresh GP. Compared with dried GP, ensiled GP had a higher nutrient digestibility (OM, +32%; CP, +43%; CF, +46%; neutral detergent fibre [NDF], +54%; acid detergent fibre [ADF], +69%) and higher energy values (ME, +16%; NEL, +19%). The digestibility of OM, CP, EE and CF and the energy content were higher for dried red than for dried white GP, whereas the digestibility of NDFOM and ADFOM was lower for dried red than dried white GP. In conclusion, the results show that both red and white GP are suitable dietary sources for enrichment with TPC. Furthermore, compared with drying ensiling of GP improves the feeding value of GP and is a good possibility of preserving the seasonally produced by-product of winemaking for ruminant feeding.
authors.affiliation: a Animal Nutrition , University of Applied Sciences Bingen , Bingen , Germany.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Winkler
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ringseis
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eder
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dusel
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D004063:Digestion; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005858:Germany; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000032:analysis; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism*; D012756:Sheep / Q000502:physiology*; D027843:Vitis
chemical_list: D059808:Polyphenols
keywords: digestibility; drying; ensiling; grape pomace; metabolisable energy; polyphenols sheep