title: Prostatic arterial embolization for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms as a result of large benign prostatic hyperplasia: A prospective single-center investigation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of prostatic arterial embolization as a primary treatment for patients with lower urinary tract symptoms as a result of large benign prostatic hyperplasia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 64 patients with prostates >80 mL were included in the study. Prostatic arterial embolization was carried out using a combination of 50-µm and 100-µm particles. Clinical follow up was carried out using the International Prostate Symptom Score, quality of life, peak urinary flow, postvoid residual volume, International Index of Erectile Function Short Form, prostate-specific antigen, and prostatic volume at 1, 3, 6 and every 6 months thereafter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prostatic arterial embolization was technically successful in 60 of 64 patients (93.8%). Follow-up data were available for 60 patients with a mean of 18 months. A clinical improvement, defined as reduction of International Prostate Symptom Score and increase of peak urinary flow, at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months, was achieved in 95.0%, 95.0%, 93.3%, 92.6% and 90.5%, respectively. A total of 42 patients had completed the follow up at 24 months after prostatic arterial embolization. There was an improvement in terms of mean International Prostate Symptom Score (pre-prostatic arterial embolization vs post-prostatic arterial embolization 27.0 vs 8.0; P < 0.01), mean quality of life (5.5 vs 2.0; P < 0.01), mean peak urinary flow (7.0 vs 13.0; P < 0.01), mean postvoid residual volume (130 vs 45.0; P < 0.05) and prostatic volume (121.0 vs 71.5, reduction of 40.9%; P < 0.01) were significantly different with respect to baseline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prostatic arterial embolization seems to be a safe and effective treatment method for patients with lower urinary tract symptoms as a result of large benign prostatic hyperplasia, and it might play an important role for patients in whom medical therapy has failed, who are not candidates for surgical treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Maoqiang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Guodong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jieyu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhijun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000792:Angiography; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D006801:Humans; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011467:Prostate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011788:Quality of Life; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
keywords: angiography; benign prostatic hyperplasia; embolization; lower urinary tract symptoms; prostatic arterial embolization