title: Facial paralysis in children.
abstract: Facial paralysis can have devastating physical and psychosocial consequences. These are particularly severe in children in whom loss of emotional expressiveness can impair social development and integration. The etiologies of facial paralysis, prospects for spontaneous recovery, and functions requiring restoration differ in children as compared with adults. Here we review contemporary management of facial paralysis with a focus on special considerations for pediatric patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Sashank
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Redett
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005149:Facial Expression; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D020220:Facial Nerve Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000637:transplantation; D016067:Nerve Transfer; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012008:Recurrence; D013997:Time Factors; D057832:Watchful Waiting