title: Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Mellitus: Complication of the Disease or of Antihyperglycemic Medications.
abstract: Cardiovascular disease is the principal complication and the leading cause of death for patients with diabetes (DM). The efficacy of antihyperglycemic treatments on cardiovascular disease risk remains uncertain. Cardiovascular risk factors are affected by antihyperglycemic medications, as are many intermediate markers of cardiovascular disease. Here we summarize the evidence assessing the cardiovascular effects of antihyperglycemic medications with regard to risk factors, intermediate markers of disease, and clinical outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, Texas, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lingvay
authors.affiliation: Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vuylsteke
authors.affiliation: Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Koffarnus
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: McGuire
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents