title: Comparative Evalution of G bone (Hydroxyapatite) and G-Graft (Hydroxyapatite with Collagen) as Bone Graft Material in Mandibular III Molar Extraction Socket.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bone grafting is a dynamic phenomenon. It is a surgical procedure that replaces missing bone with material either from patient's own body, or, an artificial, synthetic or natural substitute. A successful bone graft when applied, heals, becomes incorporated, re-vascularises and eventually assumes the form desired.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The main purpose of this present study was to radiologically assess and compare the regenerative potential of hydroxyapatite with Collagen (G-Graft) and hydroxyapatite (G-Bone) and to evaluate the clinical usefulness of these materials to enhance bone healing in third molar extraction sites through bone formation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was carried out in the Department of Oral & Maxillofacilal Surgery, patients were divided into three groups. The rationale for assigning the patients to the groups was strictly random: Group I - G-Graft (Hydroxyapatite with Collagen) was used as Bone graft material, Group II - Bone graft material used was G-Bone (Hydroxyapatite), Group III-control group (no grafts was used). Orthopentomogram(OPG) images were taken intra-operatively, just after extraction in the Group III (control), after extraction but before graft placement in Group I & II (study groups) and post-operatively at the end of first month and third month. Bone density of the post-extraction sockets was measured at four random areas through 'densitometric analysis' software in the OPG program (Kodak 8000C Digital Panoramic System, Eastman Kodak Company) and an average value was recorded at each review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage increase in bone density between 1(st) month & 3(rd) month was 7.55± 12.43 in Group I (G Graft), 4.41± 5.4859 in Group II (G Bone), while that Group III (control) was found to be -0.82 ± 3.96. The bone density increase was found to be statistically highly significant (p<0.01)) between all groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study concluded that G-Graft has a definite regenerative potential and is better than G-bone and can be used in bony defects to enhance the bone healing without provoking any significant inflammatory process. The study also indicates that defects treated with G-Graft attain more density initially and that G-Graft enhances bone healing in early stage.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor (Periodontics), Department of Dentistry, SMIMS Gangtok E.Sikkim, India .
authors.forename: Vijayendra
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Panday
authors.affiliation: Professor and Head, Department of Periodontology, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences , Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India .
authors.forename: Vivekananda
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Upadhyaya
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, PGIDS , Rohtak, India .
authors.forename: Vikas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Berwal
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Periodontics, Peoples's College of Dental Sciences & Research Centre , Bhopal (M.P.), India .
authors.forename: Kapil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Periodontics, YMT Dental College , Navi Mumbai, India .
authors.forename: Nupur
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sah
authors.affiliation: Senior Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, B.Borooah Cancer Institute , Guwahati, Assam, India .
authors.forename: Partha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sarathi
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Deparment of Oral Surgery And Maxillofacial Surgery, Maharaja Ganga Singh Dental College and Research Centre , Sriganganagar, Rajasthan, India .
authors.forename: Pushp Chander
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Swami
keywords: Bone regeneration; Crystalline; Densitometric software