title: Magnetoelectric 'spin' on stimulating the brain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The in vivo study on imprinting control region mice aims to show that magnetoelectric nanoparticles may directly couple the intrinsic neural activity-induced electric fields with external magnetic fields.
  
  
  METHODS
  Approximately 10 µg of CoFe2O4-BaTiO3 30-nm nanoparticles have been intravenously administrated through a tail vein and forced to cross the blood-brain barrier via a d.c. field gradient of 3000 Oe/cm. A surgically attached two-channel electroencephalography headmount has directly measured the modulation of intrinsic electric waveforms by an external a.c. 100-Oe magnetic field in a frequency range of 0-20 Hz.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The modulated signal has reached the strength comparable to that due the regular neural activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study opens a pathway to use multifunctional nanoparticles to control intrinsic fields deep in the brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.|Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA.
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guduru
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodzinski
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hadjikhani
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Centers of Florida Foundation, Miami, FL 33124, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Horstmyer
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Ernest
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Levister
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.|Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA.|Neuroscience Centers of Florida Foundation, Miami, FL 33124, USA.
authors.forename: Sakhrat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khizroev
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017609:Barium Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D003035:Cobalt / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D005260:Female; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D059346:Magnets / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014025:Titanium / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017609:Barium Compounds; D005290:Ferric Compounds; C024547:barium titanate(IV); C001215:ferrite; D003035:Cobalt; D014025:Titanium
keywords: magnetoelectric nanoparticles; nanoengineering the brain; noninvasive brain stimulation