title: Teaching safe prescribing to medical students: perspectives in the UK.
abstract: Prescribing is a characteristic role of a medical practitioner. On graduating from medical school, students are presumed to have acquired the necessary pharmacology knowledge underpinning the therapeutics and developed their personal skills and behaviors in order to write a safe and effective prescription (The Four Ps). However, there are reports of errors in medical prescribing and dissatisfied feedback from recent graduates, which evidence potential flaws in the current training in the practice of prescribing. We examine the Four Ps from a systems approach and offer scope for educators and curriculum designers to review and reflect on their current undergraduate teaching, learning, and assessment strategies in a similar manner. We also adopt a national framework of common competencies required of all prescribers to remain effective and safe in their area of practice as a more objective layer to the broader learning outcomes of the General Medical Council Tomorrow's Doctors 2009. This exercise demonstrates where standard, recognized competencies for safe prescribing can be accommodated pedagogically within existing medical curricula.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK.
authors.forename: Hamde
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nazar
authors.affiliation: Cumberland Infirmary, North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK.
authors.forename: Mahdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nazar
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rothwell
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, UK.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Portlock
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaytor
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Husband
keywords: clinical pharmacology teaching; education; medical curriculum; prescribing; therapeutics