title: History and Diversity of Citrus leprosis virus Recorded in Herbarium Specimens.
abstract: Leprosis refers to two diseases of citrus that present similar necrotic local lesions, often surrounded by chlorotic haloes on citrus. Two distinct viruses are associated with this disease, one that produces particles primarily in the nucleus of infected plant cells (Citrus leprosis virus nuclear type [CiLV-N]; Dichorhavirus) and another type that produces particles in the cytoplasm of infected plant cells (Citrus leprosis virus cytoplasmic type [CiLV-C]; Cilevirus). Both forms are transmitted by Brevipalpid mites and have bipartite, single-stranded, RNA genomes. CiLV-C and CiLV-N are present in South and Central America and as far north as parts of Mexico. Although leprosis disease was originally described from Florida, it disappeared from there in the 1960s. The United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service maintains preserved citrus specimens identified at inspection stations 50 or more years ago with symptoms of citrus leprosis. We isolated RNA from these samples and performed degradome sequencing. We obtained nearly full-length genome sequences of both a typical CiLV-C isolate intercepted from Argentina in 1967 and a distinct CiLV-N isolate obtained in Florida in 1948. The latter is a novel form of CiLV-N, not known to exist anywhere in the world today. We have also documented the previously unreported presence of CiLV-N in Mexico in the mid-20th century.
authors.affiliation: First and fourth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705; second and fifth authors: USDA-ARS Foreign Diseases and Weed Sciences Research Unit, Fort Detrick, MD; third author: USDA-ARS Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory and Southwest University, Citrus Research Institute, Chongqing, China 400715; and sixth author: University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center, Lake Alfred 33850.
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hartung
authors.affiliation: First and fourth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705; second and fifth authors: USDA-ARS Foreign Diseases and Weed Sciences Research Unit, Fort Detrick, MD; third author: USDA-ARS Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory and Southwest University, Citrus Research Institute, Chongqing, China 400715; and sixth author: University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center, Lake Alfred 33850.
authors.forename: Avijit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: First and fourth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705; second and fifth authors: USDA-ARS Foreign Diseases and Weed Sciences Research Unit, Fort Detrick, MD; third author: USDA-ARS Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory and Southwest University, Citrus Research Institute, Chongqing, China 400715; and sixth author: University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center, Lake Alfred 33850.
authors.forename: Shimin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: First and fourth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705; second and fifth authors: USDA-ARS Foreign Diseases and Weed Sciences Research Unit, Fort Detrick, MD; third author: USDA-ARS Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory and Southwest University, Citrus Research Institute, Chongqing, China 400715; and sixth author: University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center, Lake Alfred 33850.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: First and fourth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705; second and fifth authors: USDA-ARS Foreign Diseases and Weed Sciences Research Unit, Fort Detrick, MD; third author: USDA-ARS Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory and Southwest University, Citrus Research Institute, Chongqing, China 400715; and sixth author: University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center, Lake Alfred 33850.
authors.forename: William L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: First and fourth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705; second and fifth authors: USDA-ARS Foreign Diseases and Weed Sciences Research Unit, Fort Detrick, MD; third author: USDA-ARS Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory and Southwest University, Citrus Research Institute, Chongqing, China 400715; and sixth author: University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center, Lake Alfred 33850.
authors.forename: Ronald H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Brlansky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001118:Argentina; D001483:Base Sequence; D002957:Citrus / Q000821:virology*; D005431:Florida; D005638:Fruit / Q000821:virology; D016679:Genome, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D008800:Mexico; D008925:Mites / Q000821:virology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D010942:Plant Viruses / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral