title: External Responsiveness of the Yo-Yo IR Test Level 1 in High-level Male Soccer Players.
abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the external responsiveness, construct validity and internal responsiveness of the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery test level 1 and its sub-maximal version in semi-professional players. Tests and friendly matches were performed during the preseason and regular season. The distance covered above 15 km·h(-1) was considered as an indicator of the physical match performance. Construct validity and external responsiveness were examined by correlations between test and physical match performance (preseason and regular season) and training-induced changes. Internal responsiveness was determined as Cohen's effect size, standardized response mean and signal-to-noise ratio. The physical match performance increased after training (34.8%). The Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery test level 1 improved after training (40.2%), showed longitudinal (r=0.69) and construct validity (r=0.73 and 0.59, preseason and regular season) and had higher internal responsiveness compared to its sub-maximal version. The heart rate at the 6(th) minute in the sub-maximal version did not show longitudinal (r=-0.38) and construct validity (r=0.01 and -0.06, preseason and regular season) and did not significantly change after training (-0.3%). The rate of perceived exertion decreased in the sub-maximal version (- 29.8%). In conclusion, the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery test level 1 is valid and responsive, while the validity of its sub-maximal version is questionable.
authors.affiliation: Department Neurological, Neuropsychological, Morphological and Movement Sciences, Faculty of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fanchini
authors.affiliation: Department Neurological, Neuropsychological, Morphological and Movement Sciences, Faculty of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schena
authors.affiliation: Football Training and Biomechanics Lab, Italian Football Federation (FIGC), Technical Department, Coverciano (Florence), Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Castagna
authors.affiliation: Gozzano FC, Gozzano, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Petruolo
authors.affiliation: FC Internazionale, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Combi
authors.affiliation: Universite de Lille2, Lille, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McCall
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Development, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Impellizzeri
mesh_terms: D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010806:Physical Education and Training; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology; D012621:Seasons; D012916:Soccer / Q000502:physiology*