title: Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients Have an Increased Risk of Coexisting Colorectal Neoplasms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and colorectal neoplasms (CRNs) share risk factors. We aimed to investigate whether the CRN risk is increased in ESCC patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  ESCC patients who underwent a colonoscopy within 1 year of diagnosis were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were matched 13 by age, gender, and body mass index to asymptomatic controls. CRN was defined as the histological confirmation of adenoma or adenocarcinoma. Advanced CRN was defined as any of the following ≥3 adenomas, high-grade dysplasia, villous features, tumor ≥1 cm, or adenocarcinoma. The risk factors for both CRN and advanced CRN were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty ESCC patients were compared with 180 controls. The ESCC group had significantly higher numbers of CRNs (odds ratio [OR], 2.311; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.265 to 4.220; p=0.006) and advanced CRNs (OR, 2.317; 95% CI, 1.185 to 4.530; p=0.013). Significant risk factors for both CRN and advanced CRN by multivariate analysis included ESCC (OR, 2.157, 95% CI, 1.106 to 4.070, p=0.024; and OR, 2.157, 95% CI, 1.045 to 4.454, p=0.038, respectively) and older age (OR, 1.068, 95% CI, 1.032 to 1.106, p<0.001; and OR, 1.065, 95% CI, 1.024 to 1.109, p=0.002, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rates of CRN and advanced CRN are significantly increased in ESCC. Colonoscopy should be considered at ESCC diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Myong Ki
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Baeg
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Myung-Gyu
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yun Duk
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sun-Hye
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chul-Hyun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Hun
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Su
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yu Kyung
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Myung
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: In Seok
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D000236:Adenoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003113:Colonoscopy; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D000077277:Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Colonoscopy; Colorectal adenoma and carcinoma; Colorectal neoplasms; Esophageal neoplasms; Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma