title: Induced Phytoextraction of Lead Through Chemical Manipulation of Switchgrass and Corn; Role of Iron Supplement.
abstract: The effects of combined chemical application of benomyl, ethylenedianinetetraacetate (EDTA), and iron (Fe) (foliar and root) on lead (Pb) phytoextraction by switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and corn (Zea mays) was examined. Switchgrass was grown in Pb-contaminated urban topsoil with the following treatments: (C) Control, (B) benomyl, (E) EDTA, (F) foliar-Fe, (BE) benomyl + EDTA, (BF) benomyl + foliar-Fe, (FE) foliar-Fe + EDTA, (BFE) benomyl + foliar-Fe + EDTA. Corn was grown in sand-culture supplemented with Pb (500 mg kg(-1)) with the following treatments: (C) control, (B) benomyl, (E) EDTA, (F) root-Fe, (BE) benomyl + EDTA, (BF) benomyl + root-Fe, (FE) root-iron + EDTA, and, (BFE) benomyl + root-Fe + EDTA. All treatments were replicated three times and pots were arranged in a completely randomized design. Plants were analyzed for element concentration (Fe, Zn, P, and Pb) using either inductively coupled plasma (argon) atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) or graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer. Iron supplementation (foliar and root) affected Pb-translocation in plants. Foliar-Fe treatment increased translocation ratio of Pb (TF-Pb) significantly compared to other treatments with the exception of plants treated with benomyl and BF. Root-Fe treatment in combination with EDTA (FE) increased TF-Pb significantly compared to other treatments. Phytoextraction was improved by the combined chemical application; plants treated with BFE treatment increased Pb-total-phytoextraction by 424% compared to Control plants.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology , Kennesaw State University, Paulding Ave.NW , Kennesaw , GA , USA.
authors.forename: Deayne M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: b Department of Geosciences , Georgia State University, Peachtree Center Avenue , Atlanta , GA , USA.
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Deocampo
authors.affiliation: c Department of Biology , Georgia State University, Piedmont Ave , Atlanta , GA , USA.
authors.forename: Hanan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: El-Mayas
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology , Kennesaw State University, Paulding Ave.NW , Kennesaw , GA , USA.
authors.forename: Sigurdur
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Greipsson
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D005845:Georgia; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D007854:Lead / Q000378:metabolism*; D008897:Panicum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D003313:Zea mays / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012989:Soil Pollutants; D007854:Lead; D007501:Iron
keywords: AMF suppression; EDTA; foliar-Fe; soil pH