title: Changes in malondialdehyde and C-reactive protein concentrations after lifestyle modification are related to different metabolic syndrome-associated pathophysiological processes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is often accompanied by pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory processes. Lifestyle modification (LiSM) may act as primary treatment for these processes. This study aimed to elucidate influencing factors on changes of malondialdehyde (MDA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations after a LiSM intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty subjects (53 yrs, 84% women) clinically approved to attend a 20 weeks LiSM-program were submitted to weekly nutritional counseling and physical activities combining aerobic (3 times/week) and resistance (2 times/week) exercises. Before and after intervention they were assessed for anthropometric, clinical, cardiorespiratory fitness test (CRF) and laboratory markers. Statistical analyses performed were multiple regression analysis and backward stepwise with p<0.05 and R(2) as influence index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LiSM was responsible for elevations in CRF, healthy eating index (HEI), total plasma antioxidant capacity (TAP) and HDL-C along with reductions in waist circumference measures and MetS (47-40%) prevalence. MDA and CRP did not change after LiSM, however, we observed that MDA concentrations were positively influenced (R(2)=0.35) by fasting blood glucose (β=0.64) and HOMA-IR (β=0.58) whereas CRP concentrations were by plasma gamma-glutamyltransferase activity (β=0.54; R(2)=0.29).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory states of MetS can be attenuated after lifestyle modification if glucose metabolism homeostasis were recovered and if liver inflammation were reduced, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu School of Medicine, Botucatu, Brazil. Electronic address: fer_moreto@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moreto
authors.affiliation: Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu School of Medicine, Botucatu, Brazil. Electronic address: hugo.kano@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Hugo T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Kano
authors.affiliation: Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu School of Medicine, Botucatu, Brazil. Electronic address: gabrieltorezan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gabriel A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Torezan
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Uberlandia, School of Medicine, Uberlandia, Brazil. Electronic address: erick_po@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Erick P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu School of Medicine, Botucatu, Brazil. Electronic address: rmanda@fmb.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Rodrigo M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Manda
authors.affiliation: Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu School of Medicine, Botucatu, Brazil. Electronic address: okesley@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Okesley
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu School of Medicine, Botucatu, Brazil. Electronic address: edimichelin@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Edilaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Michelin
authors.affiliation: Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu School of Medicine, Botucatu, Brazil. Electronic address: ccorrea@fmb.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Camila R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Correa
authors.affiliation: Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu School of Medicine, Botucatu, Brazil. Electronic address: burini@fmb.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Roberto C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Burini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood*; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: C-reactive protein; Lifestyle; Lipid peroxidation; Metabolic syndrome