title: Risk factors for renal disease in systemic lupus erythematosus and their clinical implications.
abstract: Lupus nephritis is one of the most common severe manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Genetic, ethnic and hormonal factors may influence the presence and severity of renal involvement and therefore affect the outcome and overall prognosis of patients. In this review, we will discuss the association of known lupus risk factors in developing renal disease and explore the recent literature to identify potential risk factors and their clinical implications in terms of diagnostic vigilance, management and prognosis.
authors.affiliation: University College London Medical School, Room GF/664, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2 PF, UK.
authors.forename: Eleana
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ntatsaki
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Isenberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: antibody profile; ethnic; genetic; hormonal; lupus nephritis; prognosis; risk factors