title: Outcomes in the offspring of mothers with pre-diabetes during pregnancy: a protocol for a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the increasing prevalence of pre-diabetes worldwide, there is insufficient literature on the impact of gestational pre-diabetes on offspring outcomes. The objective of this systematic review is to determine the risk of developing adverse outcomes for the offspring in women with pre-diabetes compared to women with normal glucose levels and women with gestational diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic search of the published literature will be conducted for experimental and observational studies that report outcomes in the offspring of mothers with pre-diabetes during pregnancy. Databases including EMBASE, PsycINFO, and PubMed will be searched from 1979 (the year when the terms impaired glucose tolerance and pre-diabetes were coined) to December 2014. Screening of identified articles and data extraction will be conducted in duplicate and independently. Methodological quality of the included studies will be assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Discrepancies will be resolved by consensus or by consulting a third author. Meta-analyses will be performed, and findings will be reported according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) and the meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Determining the effect of pre-diabetes on offspring outcome will be important for clinicians providing care to pregnant women and their offspring. This review will also identify any gaps in the current literature on this topic and provide direction for future research in this area of study.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  PROSPERO CRD42015015536.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. rukia.swaleh@mail.utoronto.ca.
authors.forename: Rukia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Swaleh
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. LING.ZENG@learnlink.mcmaster.ca.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. mbuagbawl@yahoo.com.|Biostatistics Unit, Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Centre, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. mbuagbawl@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mbuagbaw
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, HSC 3A59, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada. kmorrison@mcmaster.ca.
authors.forename: Katherine M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Morrison
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009035:Mothers; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000150:complications*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012107:Research Design; D000078202:Systematic Reviews as Topic
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose