title: Unchanging pattern of prevalence of esophageal cancer, overall and by histological subtype, in the endoscopy service of the main referral hospital in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul State, in Southern Brazil.
abstract: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (ADC) are the two main histological types of esophageal cancer. Southern Brazil has the highest rates of esophageal cancer in South America, and the most prevalent subtype of esophageal cancer has been SCC. This study assessed the trend changes in the histological types of esophageal cancer, in a 20-year period, in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. We searched all cases of esophageal cancer from 1993 to 2012 by their histological diagnosis, grouping the patients in 4-year time periods to evaluate time trends. Among 18 441 upper gastrointestinal endoscopies we identified 686 cases of esophageal cancer. Histological study confirmed the diagnosis of SCC in 640 (93.3%) patients and ADC in 46 (6.7%). Overall, 522 men were diagnosed with esophageal carcinoma; from these, 489 (93.6%) presented SCC, and 33 (6.3%) ADC. Among women, 164 had the diagnosis of esophageal cancer, 151 (92%) SCC, and 13 (7.9%) ADC. The proportion found among men and women was 3.1:1, respectively. The prevalence rate of esophageal cancer, along a 20 year-period, remained stable, as well as the rates of SCC and ADC. SCC was the most common type of esophageal cancer, and ADC presented very low prevalence.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Clínica Médica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.|Programa de Post-Graduação: Ciências em Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Fagundes
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Unity of Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Carli
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Unity of Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Xaubet
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Unity of Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cantarelli
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000368:Aged; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000077277:Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011158:Population Growth; D015995:Prevalence; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers
keywords: adenocarcinoma; esophageal cancer; squamous cell carcinoma; time trend