title: Evolution pathways of IgE responses to grass and mite allergens throughout childhood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about longitudinal patterns of the development of IgE to distinct allergen components.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to investigate the evolution of IgE responses to allergenic components of timothy grass and dust mite during childhood.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a population-based birth cohort (n = 1184) we measured IgE responses to 15 components from timothy grass and dust mite in children with available samples at 3 time points (ages 5, 8, and 11 years; n = 235). We designed a nested, 2-stage latent class analysis to identify cross-sectional sensitization patterns at each follow-up and their longitudinal trajectories. We then ascertained the association of longitudinal trajectories with asthma, rhinitis, eczema, and lung function in children with component data for at least 2 time points (n = 534).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Longitudinal latent class analysis revealed 3 grass sensitization trajectories: (1) no/low sensitization; (2) early onset; and (3) late onset. The early-onset trajectory was associated with asthma and diminished lung function, and the late-onset trajectory was associated with rhinitis. Four longitudinal trajectories emerged for mite: (1) no/low sensitization; (2) group 1 allergens; (3) group 2 allergens; and (3) complete mite sensitization. Children in the complete mite sensitization trajectory had the highest odds ratios (ORs) for asthma (OR, 7.15; 95% CI, 3.80-13.44) and were the only group significantly associated with comorbid asthma, rhinitis, and eczema (OR, 5.91; 95% CI, 2.01-17.37). Among children with wheezing, those in the complete mite sensitization trajectory (but not other longitudinal mite trajectories) had significantly higher risk of severe exacerbations (OR, 3.39; 95% CI, 1.62-6.67).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The nature of developmental longitudinal trajectories of IgE responses differed between grass and mite allergen components, with temporal differences (early vs late onset) dominant in grass and diverging patterns of IgE responses (group 1 allergens, group 2 allergens, or both) in mite. Different longitudinal patterns bear different associations with clinical outcomes, which varied by allergen.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester & University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Custovic
authors.affiliation: Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester & University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Centre for Health Informatics, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Hans-Joachim
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Sonntag
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Informatics, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Iain E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Buchan
authors.affiliation: Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester & University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Centre for Health Informatics, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Belgrave
authors.affiliation: Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester & University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.affiliation: Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester & University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Centre for Health Informatics, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom. Electronic address: mattia.prosperi@manchester.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Mattia C F
authors.initials: MCF
authors.lastname: Prosperi
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008925:Mites / Q000276:immunology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D031784:Phleum / Q000276:immunology*; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D014797:Vital Capacity
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007073:Immunoglobulin E
keywords: IgE; allergens; asthma; childhood; component-resolved diagnostics; dust mite; latent class analysis; rhinitis; timothy grass; wheeze