title: Attenuation of aortic aneurysms with stem cells from different genders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No medical therapies are yet available to slow abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) growth. This study sought to investigate the effect of different genders of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) on AAA growth in a murine AAA model. Given the decreased rate of AAA in women, it is hypothesized that female MSC would attenuate AAA growth more so than male MSC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aortas of 8-10-wk-old male C57Bl/6 mice were perfused with purified porcine pancreatic elastase to induce AAA formation. Bone marrow-derived MSC from male and female mice were dosed via tail vein injection (3 million cells per dose, 500 μL of volume per injection) on postaortic perfusion days 1, 3, and 5. Aortas were harvested after 14 d.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean aortic dilation in the elastase group was 121 ± 5.2% (mean ± standard error of the mean), while male MSC inhibited AAA growth (87.8 ± 6.9%, P = 0.008) compared with that of elastase. Female MSC showed the most marked attenuation of AAA growth (75.2 ± 8.3% P = 0.0004). Proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) were only decreased in tissues treated with female MSC (P = 0.017, P = 0.001, and P < 0.0001, respectively, when compared with elastase).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data exhibit that female MSC more strongly attenuate AAA growth in the murine model. Furthermore, female MSC and male MSC inhibit proinflammatory cytokines at varying levels. The effects of MSC on aortic tissue offer a promising insight into biologic therapies for future medical treatment of AAAs in humans.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.
authors.forename: Morgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salmon
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.
authors.forename: Nicolas H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Pope
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.
authors.forename: Guanyi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.
authors.forename: Ashish K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.
authors.forename: Gorav
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ailawadi
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia. Electronic address: GRU6N@hscmail.mcc.virginia.edu.
authors.forename: Gilbert R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Upchurch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Aneurysm; Gender; Stem cell