title: Esophageal strictures and diverticula.
abstract: Esophageal disease and dysfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) manifesting as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) particularly, is the most common of all gastrointestinal conditions impacting patients on a day-to-day basis. LES dysfunction can lead to anatomic changes to the distal esophagus, with GERD-mediated changes being benign stricture or progression of GERD to Barrett's esophagus and even esophageal cancer, and LES hypertension impairing esophageal emptying with subsequent development of pulsion esophageal diverticulum. This article details the causes, clinical presentation, workup, and treatment of esophageal stricture and epiphrenic esophageal diverticulum. Other types of esophageal diverticula (Zenker's and midesophageal) are also covered.
authors.affiliation: Piedmont Clinic, 2795 Peachtree Road, Unit 1808, Atlanta, GA 30305, USA. Electronic address: cdanielsmith@icloud.com.
authors.forename: C Daniel
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D004936:Diverticulum, Esophageal / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D004940:Esophageal Stenosis / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D004945:Esophagoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008365:Manometry; D015607:Stents
keywords: Esophageal diverticula; Esophageal diverticulectomy; Esophageal stricture; Esophageal stricture management; Esophageal surgery; GERD complications