title: Elevation of cardiovascular risk by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
abstract: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most frequently used medications. NSAIDs profoundly modify prostaglandin homeostasis through inhibition of the enzyme, cyclooxygenase (COX), especially COX-2. COX-2 inhibition is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes as demonstrated by recent trials using this type of drug. This review explores the latest available data, including recent, randomized, clinical trials, controversies, and pathophysiology of the adverse effects of COX-inhibition.
authors.affiliation: Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA. Electronic address: aanwar@tulane.edu.
authors.forename: Asif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anwar
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
authors.forename: Imran John
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Anwar
authors.affiliation: University of Missouri School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia, MO.
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Delafontaine
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007783:Lactones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009288:Naproxen / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015995:Prevalence; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013450:Sulfones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D007783:Lactones; D013450:Sulfones; C116926:rofecoxib; D009288:Naproxen; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2