title: Preparation and chromatographic evaluation of zwitterionic stationary phases with controllable ratio of positively and negatively charged groups.
abstract: The present study described the preparation and application of zwitterionic stationary phases (ACS) with controllable ratio of positively charged tertiary amine groups and negatively charged carboxyl groups. Various parameters, including water content, pH values and ionic strength of the mobile phase, were investigated to study the chromatographic characteristics of ACS columns. The prepared ACS columns demonstrated a mix-mode retention mechanism composed of surface adsorption, partitioning and electrostatic interactions. The elemental analysis of different batches of the ACS phases demonstrated good reproducibility of the preparation strategy. Additionally, various categories of compounds, including nucleosides, water-soluble vitamins, benzoic acid derivatives and basic compounds were successively employed to evaluate the separation selectivity of the prepared ACS stationary phases. These ACS phases exhibited entirely different selectivity and retention behavior from each other for various polar analytes, demonstrating the excellent application potential in the analysis of polar compounds in HILIC.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors.forename: Xi-Tian
authors.initials: XT
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors.forename: Bi-Feng
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Guo
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China. Electronic address: yqfeng@whu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yu-Qi
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D019817:Benzoic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D009705:Nucleosides / Q000032:analysis; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012821:Silanes / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D055672:Static Electricity; D014815:Vitamins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D009705:Nucleosides; D012821:Silanes; D014815:Vitamins; D019817:Benzoic Acid
keywords: Controllable ratio of positively and negatively charged groups; Hydrophilic interaction chromatography; Retention mechanism; Zwitterionic stationary phase