title: MicroRNAs and Cardiac Regeneration.
abstract: The human heart has a limited capacity to regenerate lost or damaged cardiomyocytes after cardiac insult. Instead, myocardial injury is characterized by extensive cardiac remodeling by fibroblasts, resulting in the eventual deterioration of cardiac structure and function. Cardiac function would be improved if these fibroblasts could be converted into cardiomyocytes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs that promote mRNA degradation and inhibit mRNA translation, have been shown to be important in cardiac development. Using this information, various researchers have used miRNAs to promote the formation of cardiomyocytes through several approaches. Several miRNAs acting in combination promote the direct conversion of cardiac fibroblasts into cardiomyocytes. Moreover, several miRNAs have been identified that aid the formation of inducible pluripotent stem cells and miRNAs also induce these cells to adopt a cardiac fate. MiRNAs have also been implicated in resident cardiac progenitor cell differentiation. In this review, we discuss the current literature as it pertains to these processes, as well as discussing the therapeutic implications of these findings.
authors.affiliation: From the Mandel Center for Hypertension Research and Duke Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: Conrad P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Hodgkinson
authors.affiliation: From the Mandel Center for Hypertension Research and Duke Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: Martin H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: From the Mandel Center for Hypertension Research and Duke Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dal-Pra
authors.affiliation: From the Mandel Center for Hypertension Research and Duke Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mirotsou
authors.affiliation: From the Mandel Center for Hypertension Research and Duke Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC. vdzau@nas.edu.
authors.forename: Victor J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Dzau
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019070:Cell Lineage; D054338:Cell Transdifferentiation; D065150:Cellular Reprogramming; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010641:Phenotype; D012038:Regeneration; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: cardiac myocyte; microRNA; regeneration; stem cell; transdifferentiation