title: Effect of femtosecond laser beam angle on bond strength of zirconia-resin cement.
abstract: Yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP) ceramic is widely used as an all-ceramic core material because of its enhanced mechanical and aesthetic properties. The bond strength of Y-TZP restorations affects long-term success; hence, surface treatment is required on ceramic boundaries. This study evaluated the effect of different laser beam angles on Y-TZP-resin cement shear bond strength (SBS). Forty plates of Y-TZP ceramics were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10). A femtosecond amplifier laser pulse was applied on Y-TZP surface with different incidence angles (90°, 75°, 60°, 45°). The resin cement was adhered onto the zirconia surfaces. The SBS of each sample was measured using universal testing machine at crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The SBS was analyzed through one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)/Tukey tests. The results showed that the degree of laser beam angle affects the SBS of resin cement to Y-TZP. The laser beam was applied to a surface with a 45° angle which resulted in significantly higher SBS (18.2 ± 1.43 MPa) than other groups (at 90° angulation (10.79 ± 1.8 MPa), at 75° (13.48 ± 1.2 MPa) and at 60° (15.85 ± 0.81 MPa); p < 0.001). This study shows that decreasing of the angle between the ceramic surface and the laser beam increased the SBS between the resin cement and the ceramic material, as well as the orifice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yusuf Z
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Akpinar
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kepceoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tevfik
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yavuz
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey.
authors.forename: Muhammed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Aslan
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey. dt.zulfikar@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Zulfikar
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Demirtag
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hamdi S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kılıc
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aslihan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Usumez
mesh_terms: D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000528:radiation effects*; D007834:Lasers; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000528:radiation effects*; D033081:Shear Strength; D013997:Time Factors; D015019:Yttrium / Q000737:chemistry; D015040:Zirconium / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D003738:Dental Cements; D019279:Resin Cements; D015019:Yttrium; D015040:Zirconium; C028541:zirconium oxide
keywords: Femtosecond laser; Laser beam angle; Shear bond strength; Surface treatment; Y-TZP; Zirconia