title: Pathogenesis of glomerular haematuria.
abstract: Haematuria was known as a benign hallmark of some glomerular diseases, but over the last decade, new evidences pointed its negative implications on kidney disease progression. Cytotoxic effects of oxidative stress induced by hemoglobin, heme, or iron released from red blood cells may account for the tubular injury observed in human biopsy specimens. However, the precise mechanisms responsible for haematuria remain unclear. The presence of red blood cells (RBCs) with irregular contours and shape in the urine indicates RBCs egression from the glomerular capillary into the urinary space. Therefore glomerular haematuria may be a marker of glomerular filtration barrier dysfunction or damage. In this review we describe some key issues regarding epidemiology and pathogenesis of haematuric diseases as well as their renal morphological findings.
authors.affiliation: Claudia Yuste, Department of Nephrology, Gregorio Marañon Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yuste
authors.affiliation: Claudia Yuste, Department of Nephrology, Gregorio Marañon Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.affiliation: Claudia Yuste, Department of Nephrology, Gregorio Marañon Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Angel Manuel
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sevillano
authors.affiliation: Claudia Yuste, Department of Nephrology, Gregorio Marañon Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rubio-Navarro
authors.affiliation: Claudia Yuste, Department of Nephrology, Gregorio Marañon Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Amaro-Villalobos
authors.affiliation: Claudia Yuste, Department of Nephrology, Gregorio Marañon Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.affiliation: Claudia Yuste, Department of Nephrology, Gregorio Marañon Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Egido
authors.affiliation: Claudia Yuste, Department of Nephrology, Gregorio Marañon Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Praga
authors.affiliation: Claudia Yuste, Department of Nephrology, Gregorio Marañon Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Moreno
keywords: Chronic kidney disease; Dysmorphic red blood cells; Glomerular filtration barrier; Haematuria; Microscopic haematuria; Pathogenesis