title: Cardiometabolic risk factors in young adults who were born preterm.
abstract: Adults who were born preterm with a very low birth weight have higher blood pressure and impaired glucose regulation later in life compared with those born at term. We investigated cardiometabolic risk factors in young adults who were born at any degree of prematurity in the Preterm Birth and Early Life Programming of Adult Health and Disease (ESTER) Study, a population-based cohort study of individuals born in 1985-1989 in Northern Finland. In 2009-2011, 3 groups underwent clinical examination: 134 participants born at less than 34 gestational weeks (early preterm), 242 born at 34-36 weeks (late preterm), and 344 born at 37 weeks or later (controls). Compared with controls, adults who were born preterm had higher body fat percentages (after adjustment for sex, age, and cohort (1985-1986 or 1987-1989), for those born early preterm, difference = 6.2%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.4, 13.2; for those born late preterm, difference = 8.0%, 95% CI: 2.4, 13.8), waist circumferences, blood pressure (for those born early preterm, difference = 3.0 mm Hg, 95% CI: 0.9, 5.1; for those born late preterm, difference = 1.7, 95% CI: -0.1, 3.4), plasma uric acid levels (for those born early preterm, difference = 20.1%, 95% CI: 7.9, 32.3; for those born late preterm, difference = 20.2%, 95% CI: 10.7, 30.5), alanine aminotransferase levels, and aspartate transaminase levels. They were also more likely to have metabolic syndrome (for those born early preterm, odds ratio = 3.7, 95% CI: 1.6, 8.2; for those born late preterm, odds ratio = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.2, 5.3). Elevated levels of conventional and emerging risk factors suggest a higher risk of cardiometabolic disease later in life. These risk factors are also present in the large group of adults born late preterm.
authors.forename: Marika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sipola-Leppänen
authors.forename: Marja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vääräsmäki
authors.forename: Marjaana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tikanmäki
authors.forename: Hanna-Maria
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Matinolli
authors.forename: Satu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miettola
authors.forename: Petteri
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hovi
authors.forename: Karoliina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wehkalampi
authors.forename: Aimo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruokonen
authors.forename: Jouko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sundvall
authors.forename: Anneli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pouta
authors.forename: Johan G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: Marjo-Riitta
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Järvelin
authors.forename: Eero
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kajantie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids
keywords: blood pressure; glucose metabolism; hypertension; late preterm; obesity; prematurity