title: Voice Formants in Individuals With Congenital, Isolated, Lifetime Growth Hormone Deficiency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the voice formants (F1, F2, F3, and F4 in Hz) of seven oral vowels, in Brazilian Portuguese, [a, ε, e, i, ɔ, o, and u] in adult individuals with congenital lifetime untreated isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD).
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acoustic analysis of isolated vowels was performed in 33 individuals with IGHD, age 44.5 (17.6) years (16 women), and 29 controls, age 51.1 (17.6) years (15 women).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with controls, IGHD men showed higher values of F3 [i, e, and ε], P = 0.006, P = 0.022, and P = 0.006, respectively and F4 [i], P = 0.001 and lower values of F2 [u], P = 0.034; IGHD women presented higher values of F1 [i and e] P = 0.029 and P = 0.036; F2 [ɔ] P = 0.006; F4 [ɔ] P = 0.031 and lower values of F2 [i] P = 0.004. IGHD abolished most of the gender differences in formant frequencies present in controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Congenital, severe IGHD results in higher values of most formant frequencies, suggesting smaller oral and pharyngeal cavities. In addition, it causes a reduction in the effect of gender on the structure of the formants, maintaining a prepubertal acoustic prediction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech and Hearing Therapy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil. Electronic address: eugeniaherminia@bol.com.br.
authors.forename: Eugenia H O
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Valença
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salvatori
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anita H O
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Oliveira-Neto
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alaíde H A
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech and Hearing Therapy, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria I R
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carla R P
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jeferson S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: D'Ávila
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valdinaldo A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech and Hearing Therapy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech and Hearing Therapy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruna M R
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: de Andrade
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech and Hearing Therapy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
authors.forename: Larisse S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech and Hearing Therapy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
authors.forename: Savinny B de V
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech and Hearing Therapy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thais R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valeria M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Prado-Barreto
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.
authors.forename: Enaldo V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.
authors.forename: Manuel H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Aguiar-Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001938:Brazil; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004393:Dwarfism, Pituitary / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009055:Mouth / Q000254:growth & development; D010614:Pharynx / Q000254:growth & development; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013068:Speech Production Measurement; D014833:Voice Quality
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019382:Human Growth Hormone
keywords: Acoustic analysis; Formant frequencies; Growth hormone; Voice