title: Hispano-Americans in Europe: what do we know about their health status and determinants? A scoping review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Policy makers and health practitioners are in need of guidance to respond to the growing geographic mobility of Hispano-American migrants in Europe. Drawing from contributions from epidemiology, social sciences, demography, psychology, psychiatry and economy, this scoping review provides an up-to-date and comprehensive synthesis of studies addressing the health status and determinants of this population. We describe major research gaps and suggest specific avenues of further inquiry.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified systematically papers that addressed the concepts "health" and "Hispano Americans" indexed in five data bases from Jan 1990 to May 2014 with no language restrictions. We screened the 4,464 citations retrieved against exclusion criteria and classified 193 selected references in 12 thematic folders with the aid of the reference management software ENDNOTE X6. After reviewing the full text of all papers we extracted relevant data systematically into a table template to facilitate the synthesising process.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most studies focused on a particular disease, leaving unexplored the interlinkages between different health conditions and how these relate to legislative, health services, environmental, occupational, and other health determinants. We elucidated some consistent results but there were many heterogeneous findings and several popular beliefs were not fully supported by empirical evidence. Few studies adopted a trans-national perspective and many consisted of cross-sectional descriptions that considered "Hispano-Americans" as a homogeneous category, limiting our analysis. Our results are also constrained by the availability and varying quality of studies reviewed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Burgeoning research has produced some consistent findings but there are huge gaps in knowledge. To prevent unhelpful generalisations we need a more holistic and nuanced understanding of how mobility, ethnicity, income, gender, legislative status, employment status, working conditions, neighbourhood characteristics and social status intersect with demographic variables and policy contexts to influence the health of the diverse Hispano-American populations present in Europe.
authors.affiliation: ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB) Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Rosselló 132, 4th floor, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. maria.roura@cresib.cat.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roura
authors.affiliation: Centre for Demographic Studies, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Carrer de Ca n'Altayó. Edifici E2, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain. adomingo@ced.uab.es.
authors.forename: Andreu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Domingo
authors.affiliation: Escola Superior d'Infemeria del Mar, University Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader, 80, Barcelona, Spain. JLeyva@parcdesalutmar.cat.
authors.forename: Juan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Leyva-Moral
authors.affiliation: Social Science and Global Health, Centre for Social Science and Global Health, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 15718, 1001, NE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. r.c.pool@uva.nl.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pool
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004641:Emigration and Immigration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004651:Employment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005191:Family Characteristics; D006304:Health Status; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006306:Health Surveys; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans