title: Metabolic syndrome of weight change from pre-pregnancy to 1-5 years post-partum among Chinese women with prior gestational diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Few studies have evaluated the effect of weight change from pre-pregnancy to post-partum with the risk of cardiometabolic diseases among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between weight change from pre-pregnancy to 1-5 years post-partum with metabolic syndrome among Chinese women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective cohort study in 1263 women with gestational diabetes mellitus at 1-5 years post-partum. Participants were divided into four groups based on their weight change from pre-pregnancy to 1-5 years post-partum: loss of ≥ 3 kg, ± 3 kg, gain of 3-7 kg and gain of ≥7 kg.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 12.1%, 16.2%, 26.0% and 44.3% among women with weight loss ≥ 3 kg, stable weight ( ± 3 kg), weight gain 3-7 kg and weight gain ≥ 7 kg from pre-pregnancy to post-partum, respectively. The positive association between weight change and metabolic syndrome was observed among women with pre-pregnancy normal weight (BMI < 24 kg/m(2)), overweight (BMI 24-27.9 kg/m(2)) and obesity (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m(2)). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was almost similar among pre-pregnancy normal weight women with weight gain ≥ 7 kg, pre-pregnancy overweight women with stable weight ( ± 3 kg) and pre-pregnancy obese women with weight loss ≥ 3 kg from pre-pregnancy to post-partum (P = 0.62).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with gestational diabetes mellitus who had large weight gain from pre-pregnancy to post-partum were more likely to develop metabolic syndrome. Women who are pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and also diagnosed as gestational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy need more weight control after delivery.
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China.|Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leng
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tuomilehto
authors.affiliation: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology*; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D050177:Overweight / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015430:Weight Gain; D015431:Weight Loss