title: Novel pharmacotherapies in diabetic retinopathy.
abstract: This is a summary of current and emerging pharmacologic therapies utilized in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Current therapies, such as ranibizumab, bevacizumab, triamcinolone acetonide, and fluocinolone acetonide, inhibit angiogenesis and inflammation and may be used alone or in combination with laser treatment. Emerging therapies aim to reduce oxidative stress or inhibit other signal transduction pathways, including the protein kinase C cascade and aldose reductase pathway. Future therapies may target other molecules crucial to the pathogenesis of DR, including hepatocyte growth factors and matrix metalloproteinase 9. Finally, the emergence of novel mechanisms of medication delivery may also be on the horizon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Albany Medical Center, Lions Eye Institute, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
authors.forename: Vaidehi S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Dedania
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Sophie J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bakri
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D005446:Fluocinolone Acetonide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000188:drug therapy; D000069579:Ranibizumab; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D005446:Fluocinolone Acetonide; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide; D000069579:Ranibizumab
keywords: Corticosteroids; Diabetic Retinopathy; Eye; Intravitreal Injection; Treatment; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor