title: The diagnostic utility of intracranial EEG monitoring for epilepsy surgery in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There are limited data on the indications for the use of chronic invasive electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring (IEM) for pediatric epilepsy surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively studied 102 children who underwent intracranial monitoring to map critical cortex, localize the epileptogenic region, or resolve divergent findings. We assessed IEM utility based on changes to the resection plan following analysis of noninvasive data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IEM was judged useful in 87% of cases and had greatest utility for resolving discordant data and localizing extratemporal and multilobar epileptogenic zones. IEM data were least useful for seizure onset in the temporal lobe and had little utility for direct cortical stimulation mapping unless functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) revealed atypical language representation or the epileptogenic zone was in proximity to critical cortex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IEM utility was demonstrated for a majority of cases with well-defined indications. The method of assessing utility will facilitate multicentric studies toward developing future consensus and practice guidelines.
authors.affiliation: IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brna
authors.affiliation: Brain Institute, Miami Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, U.S.A.|Department of Neurology, Miami Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duchowny
authors.affiliation: Brain Institute, Miami Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, U.S.A.|Department of Neurology, Miami Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Trevor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Resnick
authors.affiliation: Brain Institute, Miami Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Catalina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dunoyer
authors.affiliation: Brain Institute, Miami Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, U.S.A.|Division of Neurosurgery, Miami Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Sanjiv
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhatia
authors.affiliation: Brain Institute, Miami Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, U.S.A.|Department of Neurology, Miami Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Prasanna
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jayakar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Children; Epilepsy; Indications; Intracranial EEG; Invasive monitoring; Surgery; Utility