title: A New Paradigm for Individual Subject Language Mapping: Movie-Watching fMRI.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Functional MRI (fMRI) based on language tasks has been used in presurgical language mapping in patients with lesions in or near putative language areas. However, if patients have difficulty performing the tasks due to neurological deficits, it leads to unreliable or noninterpretable results. In this study, we investigate the feasibility of using a movie-watching fMRI for language mapping.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 7-minute movie clip with contrasting speech and nonspeech segments was shown to 22 right-handed healthy subjects. Based on all subjects' language functional regions-of-interest, 6 language response areas were defined, within which a language response model (LRM) was derived by extracting the main temporal activation profile. Using a leave-one-out procedure, individuals' language areas were identified as the areas that expressed highly correlated temporal responses with the LRM derived from an independent group of subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with an antonym generation task-based fMRI, the movie-watching fMRI generated language maps with more localized activations in the left frontal language area, larger activations in the left temporoparietal language area, and significant activations in their right-hemisphere homologues. Results of 2 brain tumor patients' movie-watching fMRI using the LRM derived from the healthy subjects indicated its ability to map putative language areas; while their task-based fMRI maps were less robust and noisier.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that it is feasible to use this novel "task-free" paradigm as a complementary tool for fMRI language mapping when patients cannot perform the tasks. Its deployment in more neurosurgical patients and validation against gold-standard techniques need further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Yanmei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tie
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.|Departments of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rigolo
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.|Neurosurgery Department, Haseki Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aysegul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ozdemir Ovalioglu
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Olutayo
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Olubiyi
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.|Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
authors.forename: Kelly L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Doolin
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.|Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Srinivasan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukundan
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.|Departments of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.|Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Alexandra J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Golby
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D009040:Motion Pictures; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Language mapping; movie-watching fMRI; naturalistic language stimuli; presurgical planning; task-based fMRI