title: Effects of tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors in mothers and daughters concordant for HLA-B27-positive ankylosing spondylitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pharmacogenomics is considered as the new frontier to predict the response to treatments and it can also be based on the comparison of family members being treated for the same condition. No data are available on the impact of anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α therapies in members of the same family with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe three mother-daughter couples concordant for AS and HLA-B27, both treated with TNF-α inhibitors, for whom the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), and Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS)-CRP were evaluated during a follow-up of 24 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients manifested improvements of all scores, but the daughters had a more prominent effect achieving faster complete disease remission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We hypothesise that longer standing chronic inflammation and older age may cause a less prompt and effective response to treatment in SA when compared with their genetically related controls.
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's disease Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena; and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, DIMED, University of Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Caso
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, DIMED, University of Padua; and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Del Puente
authors.affiliation: Institute of Paediatrics, Policlinico A. Gemelli, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Donato
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rigante
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, USA; and Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Selmi
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's disease Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fabbroni
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scarpa
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's disease Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galeazzi
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's disease Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Frediani
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's disease Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cantarini
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015796:HLA-B27 Antigen / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009035:Mothers; D010375:Pedigree; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D010641:Phenotype; D012074:Remission Induction; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013167:Spondylitis, Ankylosing / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015796:HLA-B27 Antigen; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha