title: Comparison of clinical characteristics of intentional vs accidental drowning patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Drowning may happen by accident or as a method of committing suicide. The aim of this study was to determine some characteristics of drowning patients who committed intentionally.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was performed on 462 patients who visited the emergency department complaining of drowning between January 1998 and October 2011. Of these patients, we only included the patients for whom the cause could be identified. Age, sex, cause, time of drowning, season, mechanism, cardiopulmonary resuscitation performance, body temperature, alcohol ingestion, history of previous suicide attempts, outcome, and other characteristics were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 380 patients were included. Among them, 282 (74.2%) had drowned themselves intentionally, and they were older than those who had drowned accidentally (median age, 35.0 years [25.0-49.0 years] vs 26.5 years [19.0-35.5 years], P < .001) and showed lower body temperature (below 34°C, 32.1% vs 12.2%, P = .027). Ninety-four cases (33.3%) jumped off the river from a bridge, and 185 (65.6%) walked into the river from the riverside. In the intentional group, 59 (20.9%) had depressive disorder in their history. The rate of death showed no clinical difference (19.5% vs 16.3%, P = .487), but more males died in the accidental group (61.8% vs 93.8%, P = .015).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intentional drowning happened more in older subjects and presented lower initial body temperature. Walking from the riverside happened more often than jumping off a bridge. More males died of drowning regardless of intentionality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seon Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Pill
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wee
mesh_terms: D000059:Accidents / Q000401:mortality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001831:Body Temperature; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004332:Drowning / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007035:Hypothermia; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D045483:Rivers; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013405:Suicide / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013551:Swimming Pools; D055815:Young Adult