title: Silicon as neuroprotector or neurotoxic in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line.
abstract: Silicon (Si) is a trace element that has been considered to be an environmental contaminant for many years, although different studies have recently reported it is an essential element for living cells. The present study tested the ability of different concentrations of Si G57™ to induce neuroprotection or neurotoxicity over 24 h in the SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line. Cell viability, cellular proliferation, LDH release, ROS, antioxidant capacity, TBARS, caspase-3, -8 and -9, DNA fragmentation, and TNF-α levels were evaluated. Low Si doses (50-250 ng mL(-1)) increased the cell viability and reduced caspase-3 and -8 activities and TNF-α level. The increase in cell viability was independent of any proliferative effect as there was no variation in cyclin E and PCNA levels. At higher concentrations, Si increased caspase-3, as well as TBARS, LDH, DNA fragmentation, and TNF-α releases. Altogether, these results suggest that Si could act either as a neuroprotector or a neurotoxic agent depending on the concentration tested. This study emphasizes the importance of developing new neuroprotective therapies based on low Si doses.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología I, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: garcimartin.a@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Alba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garcimartín
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: José Joaquín
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Merino
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología I, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jorge Arturo
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Santos-López
authors.affiliation: Sección Departamental de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María Elvira
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: López-Oliva
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María Pilar
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: González
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología I, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco José
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Muniz
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Juana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Benedí
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D009447:Neuroblastoma; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012825:Silicon / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; C439524:TNF protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D053148:Caspase 3; D012825:Silicon
keywords: Cell death; Neuroprotection; Neurotoxic; Proliferation; SH-SY5Y; Silicon