title: Biomechanical force induces the growth factor production in human periodontal ligament-derived cells.
abstract: Although many reports have been published on the functional roles of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells, the mechanisms involved in the maintenance and homeostasis of PDL have not been determined. We investigated the effects of biomechanical force on growth factor production, phosphorylation of MAPKs, and intracellular transduction pathways for growth factor production in human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells using MAPK inhibitors. hPDL cells were exposed to mechanical force (6 MPa) using a hydrostatic pressure apparatus. The levels of growth factor mRNA and protein were examined by real-time RT-PCR and ELISA. The phosphorylation of MAPKs was measured using BD™ CBA Flex Set. In addition, MAPKs inhibitors were used to identify specific signal transduction pathways. Application of biomechanical force (equivalent to occlusal force) increased the synthesis of VEGF-A, FGF-2, and NGF. The application of biomechanical force increased the expression levels of phosphorylated ERK and p38, but not of JNK. Furthermore, the levels of VEGF-A and NGF expression were suppressed by ERK or p38 inhibitor. The growth factors induced by biomechanical force may play a role in the mechanisms of homeostasis of PDL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan. ichioka@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp.|Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan. ichioka@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ichioka
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenta
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.|Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken-Ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Honjo
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumishige
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Oseko
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Osam
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mazda
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Narisato
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kanamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kita
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011312:Pressure; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: Biomechanical force; Growth factor; MAPK; Occlusal force; Periodontal ligament (PDL)