title: Anatomic and functional properties of bulboglandularis striated muscle support its contribution as sphincter in female rabbit micturition.
abstract: To determine anatomic and functional properties of the bulboglandularis muscle (Bgm) for clarifying its role in micturition in female rabbits.
  
  
  
  Virgin female rabbits were used to describe the gross anatomy and innervation of the Bgm, to determine the effect of the Bgm contraction on urethral pressure, and to evaluate the Bgm activity during the induced-micturition. Both electromyogram and cystometrogram activity were simultaneously recorded in urethane-anesthetized rabbits. Bladder function was assessed measuring standard urodynamic variables before and after blocking the Bgm activity for approaching its contribution to micturition. The relevance of the Bgm activation for micturition was approached applying lidocaine injections.
  
  
  
  The Bgm was composed of circularly oriented striated fibers enveloping distal urethra and pelvic vagina. Both the venous plexus and urethra were comprised by the Bgm contraction induced by electrical stimulation. The Bgm showed bursts of tonic activity at the storage phase of micturition that gradually decreased until turning off as the onset of the voiding phase. The voided volume, the voiding efficiency, the threshold pressure, and the maximal pressure were decreased after lidocaine injection. Contrastingly, the threshold volume, the residual volume, the voiding duration, and the urethral resistance at voiding were increased.
  
  
  
  Present anatomical and physiological findings support that the Bgm acts as a sphincter during micturition of female rabbits. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:689-695, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala (UATx), Tlaxcala, México.
authors.forename: Dora Luz
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Corona-Quintanilla
authors.affiliation: Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México.
authors.forename: Rhode
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: López-Juárez
authors.affiliation: Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala (UATx), Tlaxcala, México.
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zempoalteca
authors.affiliation: Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala (UATx), Tlaxcala, México.
authors.forename: Estela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cuevas
authors.affiliation: Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala (UATx), Tlaxcala, México.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Castelán
authors.affiliation: Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala (UATx), Tlaxcala, México.|Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México D.F., México.
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martínez-Gómez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D010388:Pelvis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D011817:Rabbits; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology*; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Anatomy; perineum; striated muscle; urinary continence; urodynamics