title: SIRT1 suppresses cardiomyocyte apoptosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy: An insight into endoplasmic reticulum stress response mechanism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-dependent apoptosis had been shown to occur in the hearts of people with diabetes, although the exact mechanisms are unclear. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase, is known to play a role in diabetes-related complications as well as ER-stress. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and ER stress-induced apoptosis in H9C2 cardiomyocyte.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diabetic rats were established by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 50mg/kg) with high-fat diet. For in vitro analysis, rat derived H9C2 cardiomyocytes were cultured. Cardiac function was assessed by Doppler, and SIRT1 as well as ER stress related protein expressions were measured by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Cultured cells were exposed to advanced glycation end products (AGEs) (400μg/mL) for inducing ER stress and apoptosis. Cell apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vivo, ER stress was enhanced in the cardiomyocytes of diabetic rats without any treatments. A SIRT1 activator, resveratrol, could significantly restore cardiac function, reduce cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and ameliorate ER stress. In vitro, we showed that apoptosis and ER stress increased after AGE stimulation when SIRT1 expression was downregulated by short interfering RNA (siRNA) (p<0.05). However, resveratrol (10μM) restored SIRT1 levels in cardiomyocytes and markedly reduced ER stress-mediated apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SIRT1 may attenuate ER stress-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via PERK/eIF2α, ATF6/CHOP, and IRE1α/JNK-mediated pathways. This study may provide insights into a novel underlying mechanism and a strategy for treating diabetic cardiomyopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, PR China; Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201, USA. Electronic address: doctorguorong@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, PR China.
authors.forename: Weijing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, PR China.
authors.forename: Baoxin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China.
authors.forename: Buchun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, PR China.
authors.forename: Weiming
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, PR China. Electronic address: xuyawei1960@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Yawei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D058065:Diabetic Cardiomyopathies / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D000077185:Resveratrol; D056564:Sirtuin 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D056811:Unfolded Protein Response
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D013267:Stilbenes; C488368:Sirt1 protein, rat; D056564:Sirtuin 1; D000077185:Resveratrol
keywords: Apoptosis; Diabetic cardiomyopathy; Resveratrol; SIRT1; Unfolded protein response