title: Repetitive hyperbaric oxygenation attenuates reactive astrogliosis and suppresses expression of inflammatory mediators in the rat model of brain injury.
abstract: The exact mechanisms by which treatment with hyperbaric oxygen (HBOT) exerts its beneficial effects on recovery after brain injury are still unrevealed. Therefore, in this study we investigated the influence of repetitive HBOT on the reactive astrogliosis and expression of mediators of inflammation after cortical stab injury (CSI). CSI was performed on male Wistar rats, divided into control, sham, and lesioned groups with appropriate HBO. The HBOT protocol was as follows: 10 minutes of slow compression, 2.5 atmospheres absolute (ATA) for 60 minutes, and 10 minutes of slow decompression, once a day for 10 consecutive days. Data obtained using real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analyses revealed that repetitive HBOT applied after the CSI attenuates reactive astrogliosis and glial scarring, and reduces expression of GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein), vimentin, and ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1) both at gene and tissue levels. In addition, HBOT prevents expression of CD40 and its ligand CD40L on microglia, neutrophils, cortical neurons, and reactive astrocytes. Accordingly, repetitive HBOT, by prevention of glial scarring and limiting of expression of inflammatory mediators, supports formation of more permissive environment for repair and regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lavrnja
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parabucki
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Predrag
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7541-4986
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brkic
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia ; Centre for Hyperbaric Medicine, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Tomislav
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7335-8957
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jovanovic
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Sanja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dacic
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Danijela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Savic
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pantic
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Mirjana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stojiljkovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Sanja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pekovic
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014746:Vimentin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D014746:Vimentin; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1