title: A transgenic ginseng vaccine for bovine viral diarrhea.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections are endemic in cattle populations worldwide and cause major economic losses. Thus, an effective vaccine is needed against the transmission of BVDV. The glycoprotein E(rns) is one of the envelope proteins of this virus and shows BVDV-related immunogenicity. Here, we report the use of Panax ginseng as an alternative production platform for the expression of glycoprotein E(rns) via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analyses showed that pBI121-E(rns) was stably integrated into the chromosome of transformants. ELISA assay and Western blot analysis confirmed the antigenicity of plant-derived E(rns) glycoprotein. Immunogenicity was evaluated subcutaneously in deer using a soluble protein extract of dried transgenic ginseng hairy roots. Specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses against BVDV were detected following immunization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrated that the E(rns) glycoprotein could be expressed in ginseng hairy roots and that plant-derived glycoprotein E(rns) retained its antigenicity and immunogenicity.
authors.affiliation: College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, ChangChun, 130118, China. gaoyugang_2006@163.com.
authors.forename: Yugang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, ChangChun, 130118, China. xuelianglr1987@163.com.
authors.forename: Xueliang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of AnimCal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yang Ling, 712100, China. jlnydxgaoyugang@163.com.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, ChangChun, 130118, China. zangpu@163.com.
authors.forename: Pu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zang
authors.affiliation: College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, ChangChun, 130118, China. he612@163.com.
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, ChangChun, 130118, China. liutong6202@163.com.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, ChangChun, 130118, China. lianxuezhang863@sina.com.
authors.forename: Lianxue
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D003670:Deer; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D005894:Panax / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018182:Pestivirus Infections / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D014765:Viral Vaccines