title: Comparison of autologous (111)In-leukocytes, (18)F-FDG, (11)C-methionine, (11)C-PK11195 and (68)Ga-citrate for diagnostic nuclear imaging in a juvenile porcine haematogenous staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis model.
abstract: The aim of this study was to compare (111)In-labeled leukocyte single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) to PET with tracers that potentially could improve detection of osteomyelitis. We chose (11)C-methionine, (11)C-PK11195 and (68)Ga-citrate and validated their diagnostic utility in a porcine haematogenous osteomyelitis model. Four juvenile 14-15 weeks old female pigs were scanned seven days after intra-arterial inoculation in the right femoral artery with a porcine strain of Staphylococcus aureus using a sequential scan protocol with (18)F-FDG, (68)Ga-citrate, (11)C-methionine, (11)C-PK11195, (99m)Tc-Nanocoll and (111)In-labelled autologous leukocytes. This was followed by necropsy of the pigs and gross pathology, histopathology and microbial examination. The pigs developed a total of five osteomyelitis lesions, five lesions characterized as abscesses/cellulitis, arthritis in three joints and five enlarged lymph nodes. None of the tracers accumulated in joints with arthritis. By comparing the 10 infectious lesions, (18)F-FDG accumulated in nine, (111)In-leukocytes in eight, (11)C-methionine in six, (68)Ga-citrate in four and (11)C-PK11195 accumulated in only one lesion. Overall, (18)F-FDG PET was superior to (111)In-leukocyte SPECT in marking infectious and proliferative, i.e. hyperplastic, lesions. However, leukocyte SPECT was performed as early scans, approximately 6 h after injection of the leukocytes, to match the requirements of the 18 h long scan protocol. (11)C-methionine and possibly (68)Ga-citrate may be useful for diagnosis of soft issue lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen.
authors.forename: Ole L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, North Zealand Hospital Hillerød.
authors.forename: Pia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Afzelius
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bender
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University Hospital Aalborg ; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Aalborg.
authors.forename: Henrik C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Schønheyder
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen.
authors.forename: Páll S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Leifsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen ; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital Aalborg.
authors.forename: Karin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen.
authors.forename: Jytte O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital Aalborg ; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Aalborg University Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Svend B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus.
authors.forename: Aage Ko
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Alstrup
keywords: Osteomyelitis; X-Ray computed; animal; domestic pigs; emission-computed; lnfection; lnflammation; models; positron-emission tomography; single-photon; staphylococcus aureus; sus scrofa; swine; tomography