title: Language outcomes among ELBW infants in early childhood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Limited data are available evaluating language outcomes of preterm infants in early childhood. Furthermore, the relationship between language outcomes, medical morbidities and developmental trajectory in early infancy is unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to evaluate language outcomes among extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants at 30months adjusted age (AA).
  
  
  METHODS
  The Bayley Scales of Infant Development II and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test or Expressive One Word Picture Vocabulary Test/Receptive One Word Picture Vocabulary Test were administered at 30months AA to a prospective cohort of ELBW infants who participated in the NICHD Neonatal Network Glutamine Trial and Neurodevelopmental Follow-Up Study. A standardized history and physical examination and query regarding feeding behaviors were performed at 18months AA and 30months AA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 467 infants evaluated, 55% had receptive language delay at 30months with 23% having severe delays. Fewer (26%) had expressive language delays, with 16% of those being severe delays. Non-English speaking infants had poorer performance on all language measures compared to English-speaking infants. Forty-seven percent of the cohort required assistance with feeds at 18months. These children were more likely to have language delay at the 30month assessment compared to infants who could feed themselves.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ELBW infants are at risk of language delay in early childhood. Additional research is needed to further explore the relationship between early predictors of language delay and the use of monolingual language assessments in non-English speaking patients with a history of prematurity.
authors.affiliation: Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States. Electronic address: iadamsc@emory.edu.
authors.forename: Ira
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Adams-Chapman
authors.affiliation: Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States. Electronic address: cmb@rti.org.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bann
authors.affiliation: Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States. Electronic address: scart01@emory.edu.
authors.forename: Sheena L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.affiliation: Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States. Electronic address: bstoll@emory.edu.
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Stoll
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019959:Feeding and Eating Disorders of Childhood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D052577:Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007804:Language Development; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Neurodevelopmental outcome and language; Preterm infants