title: Learning models for endoscopic ultrasonography in gastrointestinal endoscopy.
abstract: Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) has become a useful diagnostic and therapeutic modality in gastrointestinal endoscopy. However, EUS requires additional training since it requires simultaneous endoscopic manipulation and ultrasonographic interpretation. Obtaining adequate EUS training can be challenging since EUS is highly operator-dependent and training on actual patients can be associated with an increased risk of complications including inaccurate diagnosis. Therefore, several models have been developed to help facilitate training of EUS. The models currently available for EUS training include computer-based simulators, phantoms, ex vivo models, and live animal models. Although each model has its own merits and limitations, the value of these different models is rather complementary than competitive. However, there is a lack of objective data regarding the efficacy of each model with recommendations on the use of various training models based on expert opinion only. Therefore, objective studies evaluating the efficacy of various EUS training models on technical and clinical outcomes are still needed.
authors.affiliation: Gwang Ha Kim, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, South Korea.
authors.forename: Gwang Ha
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Gwang Ha Kim, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Jo
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.affiliation: Gwang Ha Kim, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, South Korea.
authors.forename: Joo Ha
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000379:methods*; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000193:education*; D019160:Endosonography / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D059032:Learning Curve; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D023421:Models, Animal; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Animal model; Computer simulation; Endoscopic ultrasonography; Phantom; Training