title: Application of Box-Behnken design to prepare gentamicin-loaded calcium carbonate nanoparticles.
abstract: The aim of this research was to prepare and optimize calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanoparticles as carriers for gentamicin sulfate. A chemical precipitation method was used to prepare the gentamicin sulfate-loaded CaCO3 nanoparticles. A 3-factor, 3-level Box-Behnken design was used for the optimization procedure, with the molar ratio of CaCl2: Na2CO3 (X1), the concentration of drug (X2), and the speed of homogenization (X3) as the independent variables. The particle size and entrapment efficiency were considered as response variables. Mathematical equations and response surface plots were used, along with the counter plots, to relate the dependent and independent variables. The results indicated that the speed of homogenization was the main variable contributing to particle size and entrapment efficiency. The combined effect of all three independent variables was also evaluated. Using the response optimization design, the optimized Xl-X3 levels were predicted. An optimized formulation was then prepared according to these levels, resulting in a particle size of 80.23 nm and an entrapment efficiency of 30.80%. It was concluded that the chemical precipitation technique, together with the Box-Behnken experimental design methodology, could be successfully used to optimize the formulation of drug-incorporated calcium carbonate nanoparticles.
authors.affiliation: a Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Science , Tabriz , Iran.|b Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Science , Tabriz , Iran.
authors.forename: Solmaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maleki Dizaj
authors.affiliation: c Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.
authors.forename: Farzaneh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lotfipour
authors.affiliation: d Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barzegar-Jalali
authors.affiliation: d Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad-Hossein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Zarrintan
authors.affiliation: d Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.
authors.forename: Khosro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Adibkia
mesh_terms: D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000737:chemistry*; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D005839:Gentamicins; D002119:Calcium Carbonate
keywords: Box–Behnken; calcium carbonate; gentamicin sulfate; nanoparticles