title: Xenopus laevis oocyte maturation is affected by metal chlorides.
abstract: Few studies have been conducted using Xenopus laevis germ cells as oocytes, though these cells offer many advantages allowing both electrophysiological studies and morphological examination. Our aim was to investigate the effects of metal (cadmium, lead, cobalt and zinc) exposures using cell biology approaches. First, cell survival was evaluated with both phenotypical and electrophysiological approaches. Secondly, the effect of metals on oocyte maturation was assessed with morphological observations and electrophysiological recordings. From survival experiments, our results showed that metal chlorides did not affect cell morphology but strongly depolarized X. laevis oocyte resting potential. In addition, cadmium chloride was able to inhibit progesterone-induced oocyte maturation. By contrast, zinc, but also to a lesser extent cadmium, cobalt and lead, were able to enhance spontaneous oocyte maturation in the absence of progesterone stimulation. Finally, electrophysiological recordings revealed that some metal chlorides (lead, cadmium) exposures could disturb calcium signaling in X. laevis oocyte by modifying calcium-activated chloride currents. Our results demonstrated the high sensitivity of X. laevis oocytes toward exogenous metals such as lead and cadmium. In addition, the cellular events recorded might have a predictive value of effects occurring later on the ability of oocytes to be fertilized. Together, these results suggest a potential use of this cellular lab model as a tool for ecotoxicological assessment of contaminated fresh waters.
authors.affiliation: UGSF UMR CNRS 8576, Team «régulation des signaux de division», IFR 147, Université Lille1, Sciences et Technologies, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France. Electronic address: matthieu.marin@univ-lille1.fr.
authors.forename: Matthieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marin
authors.affiliation: UGSF UMR CNRS 8576, Team «régulation des signaux de division», IFR 147, Université Lille1, Sciences et Technologies, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Slaby
authors.affiliation: UGSF UMR CNRS 8576, Team «régulation des signaux de division», IFR 147, Université Lille1, Sciences et Technologies, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; University of Lille1, LGCgE, Cité scientifique, SN3, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marchand
authors.affiliation: University of Lille1, LGCgE, Cité scientifique, SN3, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demuynck
authors.affiliation: UGSF UMR CNRS 8576, Team «régulation des signaux de division», IFR 147, Université Lille1, Sciences et Technologies, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
authors.forename: Noémie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Friscourt
authors.affiliation: UGSF UMR CNRS 8576, Team «régulation des signaux de division», IFR 147, Université Lille1, Sciences et Technologies, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
authors.forename: Armance
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gelaude
authors.affiliation: University of Lille1, LGCgE, Cité scientifique, SN3, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lemière
authors.affiliation: UGSF UMR CNRS 8576, Team «régulation des signaux de division», IFR 147, Université Lille1, Sciences et Technologies, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Bodart
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002712:Chlorides / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000633:toxicity*; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011374:Progesterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D011374:Progesterone
keywords: Ecotoxicology; Maturation; Metal chlorides; Oocyte; Xenopus laevis