title: Multilocus microsatellite typing of Leishmania and clinical applications: a review.
abstract: Microsatellite markers have been used for Leishmania genetic studies worldwide, giving useful insight into leishmaniasis epidemiology. Understanding the geographic distribution, dynamics of Leishmania populations, and disease epidemiology improved markedly with this tool. In endemic foci, the origins of antimony-resistant strains and multidrug treatment failures were explored with multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT). High genetic variability was detected but no association between parasite genotypes and drug resistance was established. An association between MLMT profiles and clinical disease manifestations was highlighted in only three studies and this data needs further confirmation. At the individual level, MLMT provided information on relapse and reinfection when multiple leishmaniasis episodes occurred. This information could improve knowledge of epidemiology and guide therapeutic choices for active chronic visceral leishmaniasis, the disease form in some HIV-positive patients.
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France - INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, C3M, Toxines Microbiennes dans la Relation Hôte Pathogènes, 06204 Nice Cedex 3, France.
authors.forename: Srikanth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aluru
authors.affiliation: UMR MIVEGEC IRD 224-CNRS 5290, Universités Montpellier 1 et 2, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Mallorie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hide
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, C3M, Toxines Microbiennes dans la Relation Hôte Pathogènes, 06204 Nice Cedex 3, France - Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, 06107 Nice Cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.affiliation: UMR MIVEGEC IRD 224-CNRS 5290, Universités Montpellier 1 et 2, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Anne-Laure
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Bañuls
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, C3M, Toxines Microbiennes dans la Relation Hôte Pathogènes, 06204 Nice Cedex 3, France - Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, 06107 Nice Cedex 2, France - Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire l'Archet, CS 23079, 06202 Nice Cedex 3, France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marty
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, C3M, Toxines Microbiennes dans la Relation Hôte Pathogènes, 06204 Nice Cedex 3, France - Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, 06107 Nice Cedex 2, France - Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire l'Archet, CS 23079, 06202 Nice Cedex 3, France.
authors.forename: Christelle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pomares
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000469:parasitology; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D019353:Endemic Diseases; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D007891:Leishmania / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012008:Recurrence
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D016054:DNA, Protozoan