title: Sex differences in immune responses to infectious diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The influence of sex hormones is recognized to account for the susceptibility and distinct outcomes of diverse infectious diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review discusses several variables including differences in behavior and exposure to pathogens, genetic, and immunological factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Understanding sex-based differences in immunity during different infectious diseases is crucial in order to provide optimal disease management for both sexes.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50934, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Norma
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Nirmal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lehmann
mesh_terms: D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D007239:Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D007155:Immunologic Factors