title: Outcome of single level disc prolapse treated with transforaminal steroid versus epidural steroid versus caudal steroids.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy of fluoroscopic guided transforaminal steroid versus interlaminar epidural steroid versus caudal steroid.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 90 patients were studied who had complains of low back pain with radiculopathy and MRI evidence of disc prolapse. Out of this group, patients were randomly assigned to three groups each having 30 patients. First group received transforaminal steroid injection, second group received caudal steroid injection, and third group received epidural steroid. All patients were followed up for 12 months, and the results were compared using change in Visual Analogue Scale score and Oswestry Disability Index (OSD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The change in pain scores was statistically different at 1- and 6-month interval such that a higher change was observed by transforaminal route as compared to the other two. There was no difference in change of scores between interlaminar and caudal routes. For OSD, a greater change was seen in transforminal at all times as compared to the other two. There was no difference in change of scores between interlaminar and caudal routes at any time of assessment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In current study, transforaminal steroid injection group has better symptomatic improvement for both short and long term as compared to interlaminar and caudal steroid injection group.
authors.affiliation: King Edward Memorial Hospital Mumbai, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Prashant Chandrakant
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Kamble
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic, Dr B R Ambedker Central Railway Hospital, Byculla East, Mumbai, 400027, India. drayush@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ayush
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5038-1647
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic, Dr B R Ambedker Central Railway Hospital, Byculla East, Mumbai, 400027, India.
authors.forename: Vijay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic, Dr B R Ambedker Central Railway Hospital, Byculla East, Mumbai, 400027, India.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Natraj
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic, Dr B R Ambedker Central Railway Hospital, Byculla East, Mumbai, 400027, India.
authors.forename: Darshan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Devani
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic, Dr B R Ambedker Central Railway Hospital, Byculla East, Mumbai, 400027, India.
authors.forename: Vijay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Khapane
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007268:Injections, Epidural; D007278:Injections, Spinal / Q000379:methods*; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014221:Triamcinolone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D014221:Triamcinolone
keywords: Caudal; Epidural injection; Epidural steroid; Interlaminar; Low back pain; Radiculopathy; Single level disc prolapse; Transforaminal