title: Association between meal intake behaviour and abdominal obesity in Spanish adults.
abstract: The study aims to evaluate the association between abdominal obesity with meal intake behaviour such as having a forenoon meal, having an afternoon meal and snacking. This cross-sectional study includes n = 1314 participants aged 20-79 who were interviewed during the Cardiac health "Semanas del Corazon" events in four Spanish cities (Madrid, Las Palmas, Seville and Valencia) in 2008. Waist circumference, weight and height were assessed to determine abdominal obesity (waist circumference: ≥88 cm in women and ≥102 cm in men) and BMI, respectively. The intake of forenoon and afternoon meal and snacking between the participants' regular meals were assessed with a questionnaire that also included individual risk factors. The information obtained about diet was required to calculate an Unhealthy Habit Score and a score reflecting the Achievement of Dietary Guidelines. Adjusted logistic regressions were used to examine the association between abdominal obesity and the mentioned meal intake behaviour controlling for sex, age, individual risk factors, BMI and diet. Having an afternoon meal (OR 0.60; 95% CI (0.41-0.88)) was negatively associated with abdominal obesity after adjusting for all confounders, whereas the positive association of snacking (OR 1.39; 95% CI (1.05-1.85)) was not independent of BMI (OR 1.25; 95% CI (0.84-1.87)). Taking a forenoon meal did not show any associations (OR 0.92; 95% CI (0.63-1.34)) with abdominal obesity. The results obtained could be helpful in the promotion of healthy habits in nutritional education programmes and also in health programmes preventing abdominal obesity.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Edificio de Biología, Calle Darwin No.2, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain. Electronic address: kristin.keller@uam.es.
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Edificio de Biología, Calle Darwin No.2, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain.
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rodríguez López
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Edificio de Biología, Calle Darwin No.2, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain.
authors.forename: Margarita M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Carmenate Moreno
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D062407:Meals; D008875:Middle Aged; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D062410:Snacks; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055105:Waist Circumference
keywords: Abdominal obesity; Afternoon meal; Forenoon meal; Meal intake behaviour; Snacking; Spanish adults