title: Advances in understanding and treating liver diseases during pregnancy: A review.
abstract: Liver disease in pregnancy is rare but pregnancy-related liver diseases may cause threat to fetal and maternal survival. It includes pre-eclampsia; eclampsia; haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets syndrome; acute fatty liver of pregnancy; hyperemesis gravidarum; and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Recent basic researches have shown the various etiologies involved in this disease entity. With these advances, rapid diagnosis is essential for severe cases since the decision of immediate delivery is important for maternal and fetal survival. The other therapeutic options have also been shown in recent reports based on the clinical trials and cooperation and information sharing between hepatologist and gynecologist is important for timely therapeutic intervention. Therefore, correct understandings of diseases and differential diagnosis from the pre-existing and co-incidental liver diseases during the pregnancy will help to achieve better prognosis. Therefore, here we review and summarized recent advances in understanding the etiologies, clinical courses and management of liver disease in pregnancy. This information will contribute to physicians for diagnosis of disease and optimum management of patients.
authors.affiliation: Kenya Kamimura, Hiroyuki Abe, Hirokazu Kawai, Hiroteru Kamimura, Yuji Kobayashi, Minoru Nomoto, Yutaka Aoyagi, Shuji Terai, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamimura
authors.affiliation: Kenya Kamimura, Hiroyuki Abe, Hirokazu Kawai, Hiroteru Kamimura, Yuji Kobayashi, Minoru Nomoto, Yutaka Aoyagi, Shuji Terai, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: Kenya Kamimura, Hiroyuki Abe, Hirokazu Kawai, Hiroteru Kamimura, Yuji Kobayashi, Minoru Nomoto, Yutaka Aoyagi, Shuji Terai, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.affiliation: Kenya Kamimura, Hiroyuki Abe, Hirokazu Kawai, Hiroteru Kamimura, Yuji Kobayashi, Minoru Nomoto, Yutaka Aoyagi, Shuji Terai, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroteru
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kamimura
authors.affiliation: Kenya Kamimura, Hiroyuki Abe, Hirokazu Kawai, Hiroteru Kamimura, Yuji Kobayashi, Minoru Nomoto, Yutaka Aoyagi, Shuji Terai, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Kenya Kamimura, Hiroyuki Abe, Hirokazu Kawai, Hiroteru Kamimura, Yuji Kobayashi, Minoru Nomoto, Yutaka Aoyagi, Shuji Terai, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nomoto
authors.affiliation: Kenya Kamimura, Hiroyuki Abe, Hirokazu Kawai, Hiroteru Kamimura, Yuji Kobayashi, Minoru Nomoto, Yutaka Aoyagi, Shuji Terai, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aoyagi
authors.affiliation: Kenya Kamimura, Hiroyuki Abe, Hirokazu Kawai, Hiroteru Kamimura, Yuji Kobayashi, Minoru Nomoto, Yutaka Aoyagi, Shuji Terai, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Terai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Acute fatty liver of pregnancy; Haemolysis elevated liver enzymes; Hyperemesis gravidarum; Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy; Liver injury; Low platelets; Pregnancy