title: Upper extremity 3-dimensional reachable workspace assessment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by Kinect sensor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reachable workspace is a measure that provides clinically meaningful information regarding arm function. In this study, a Kinect sensor was used to determine the spectrum of 3-dimensional reachable workspace encountered in a cross-sectional cohort of individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Bilateral 3D reachable workspace was recorded from 10 subjects with ALS and 17 healthy controls. The data were normalized by each individual's arm length to obtain a reachable workspace relative surface area (RSA). Concurrent validity was assessed by correlation with scoring on the ALS Functional Rating Score-revised (ALSFRSr).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Kinect-measured reachable workspace RSA differed significantly between the ALS and control subjects (0.579 ± 0.226 vs. 0.786 ± 0.069; P < 0.001). The RSA demonstrated correlation with ALSFRSr upper extremity items (Spearman correlation ρ = 0.569; P = 0.009). With worsening upper extremity function, as categorized by the ALSFRSr, the reachable workspace also decreased progressively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates the feasibility and potential of using a novel Kinect-based reachable workspace outcome measure in ALS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.
authors.forename: Bjorn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Oskarsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3850, Sacramento, California, 95817, USA.
authors.forename: Nanette C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Joyce
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3850, Sacramento, California, 95817, USA.
authors.forename: Evan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Bie
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3850, Sacramento, California, 95817, USA.
authors.forename: Alina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nicorici
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
authors.forename: Ruzena
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bajcsy
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
authors.forename: Gregorij
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kurillo
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3850, Sacramento, California, 95817, USA.
authors.forename: Jay J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000473:pathology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017132:Workplace
keywords: ALS; Kinect; outcome measure; reachable workspace; upper extremity