title: Iron accumulation in the basal ganglia in Huntington's disease: cross-sectional data from the IMAGE-HD study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure iron accumulation in the basal ganglia in Huntington's disease (HD) using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), and to ascertain its relevance in terms of clinical and disease severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional investigation, T2* weighted imaging was undertaken on 31 premanifest HD, 32 symptomatic HD and 30 control participants as part of the observational IMAGE-HD study. Group differences in iron accumulation were ascertained with QSM. Associations between susceptibility values and disease severity were also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with controls, both premanifest and symptomatic HD groups showed significantly greater iron content in pallidum, putamen and caudate. Additionally, iron accumulation in both putamen and caudate was significantly associated with disease severity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings provide the first evidence that QSM is sensitive to iron deposition in subcortical target areas across premanifest and symptomatic stages of HD. Such findings could open up new avenues for biomarker development and therapeutic intervention.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Juan F D
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Domínguez
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Amanda C L
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia Monash Biomedical Imaging (MBI), Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia VLSCI Life Sciences Computation Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Govinda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Poudel
authors.affiliation: School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Julie C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Stout
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Churchyard
authors.affiliation: School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Phyllis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chua
authors.affiliation: School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia Monash Biomedical Imaging (MBI), Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Gary F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Egan
authors.affiliation: School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Nellie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Georgiou-Karistianis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000378:metabolism*; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059906:Neuroimaging; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D007501:Iron
keywords: HUNTINGTON'S; IRON DEPOSITION; MOVEMENT DISORDERS; MRI; NEUROPATHOLOGY