title: Relationship between serum vitamin D concentrations and clinical outcome of community-acquired pneumonia.
abstract: METHODS
  Hospitalised patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in a tertiary referral hospital in South Korea.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the burden of vitamin D deficiency in patients hospitalised with CAP and to investigate whether vitamin D deficiency affected clinical outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels were measured at admission; vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25(OH)D <20 ng/ml. Data were retrospectively analysed for incidence of vitamin D deficiency. The primary outcome was the relationship between serum vitamin D concentration and 28-day all-cause mortality in CAP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age was 68.1 years (standard deviation [SD] ± 14.6), and the mean pneumonia severity index was 98.0 (± SD 28.6). Of the 797 patients (males 66.0%), 641 (80.4%) had vitamin D deficiency. Overall mean serum 25(OH)D level was 14.0 ± 7.4 ng/ml. The 28-day all-cause mortality rate in vitamin D-deficient patients was significantly higher than in non-deficient patients (8.3% vs. 2.6%, P = 0.01), and serum vitamin D level was negatively associated with risk of 28-day mortality in CAP after adjustment for pneumonia severity index and serum lactate levels (OR 0.94, 95%CI 0.90-0.99, P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was ~80% in patients hospitalised with CAP. Vitamin D deficiency was also a significant predictor of increased 28-day all-cause mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Respiratory Center, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Respiratory Center, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Uijeongbu St Mary's Hospital, Uijeongbu, South Korea.
authors.forename: J-K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Respiratory Center, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea.
authors.forename: E-Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D013997:Time Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014807:Vitamin D; D019344:Lactic Acid; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D