title: Emerging biorefinery technologies for Indian forest industry to reduce GHG emissions.
abstract: The production of biofuels as alternative energy source over fossil fuels has gained immense interest over the years as it can contribute significantly to reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from energy production and utilization. Also with rapidly increasing fuel price and fall in oil wells, the present scenario forces us to look for an alternative source of energy that will help us in the operation of industrial as well as the transportation sector. The pulp mills in India are one of the many options. The pulp mills in India can help us to produce bio-fuels by thermo-chemical/biochemical conversion of black liquor and wood residues. These technologies include extraction of hemi-cellulose from wooden chips and black liquor, lignin from black liquor, methanol from evaporator condensates, biogas production from waste sludge, syngas production from biomass using gasification and bio-oil production from biomass using pyrolysis. The objective of this paper is to overview these emerging bio-refinery technologies that can be implemented in Indian Forest Industry to get bio-fuels, bio-chemicals and bio-energy to reduce GHG emissions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India. Electronic address: nmnsharma27@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Naman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India. Electronic address: shnainwal@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shubham
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nainwal
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Quantum Global Campus, Roorkee 247667, India.
authors.forename: Shivani
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada T6G 2G8. Electronic address: arthjain2001@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Siddharth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jain
mesh_terms: D001669:Biochemical Phenomena; D056804:Biofuels / Q000032:analysis*; D018533:Biomass; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D004736:Energy-Generating Resources; D065928:Forests; D005579:Fossil Fuels; D017752:Greenhouse Effect; D007194:India; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis; D008031:Lignin / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000432:Methanol / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012722:Sewage / Q000032:analysis; D014934:Wood / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D005579:Fossil Fuels; D007220:Industrial Waste; D011134:Polysaccharides; D012722:Sewage; C007916:hemicellulose; D008031:Lignin; D000432:Methanol
keywords: Biomass; Biorefinery; Black liquor; Environment; GHG emission