title: Analysis of volatile compounds in powdered milk for infant nutrition by direct desorption (CIS4-TDU) and GC-MS.
abstract: Direct thermal desorption coupled with the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (TDU-CIS4-GC-MS) technique applied to powdered milk was used as a novel approach for the characterization and quantification, as relative abundance, of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The aim of this study was to exploit the potential applications and setup conditions of the CIS4-TDU-GC-MS technique for the identification of oxidized or non-oxidized samples of powdered milk for infant nutrition, subjected to accelerated aging through the changes in their VOCs profile over time. Thermal desorption at 30°C and subsequent cryotrapping at -40°C with a Gerstel Liner-in-Liner system allowed a direct thermal desorption and cryotrapping of VOCs without any memory effect, thus avoiding sample preparation and contamination. The analyses led to the identification of several characteristic off-flavors in the oxidized samples, which were used as molecular markers to discriminate samples with different oxidation degrees. Finally, VOC contaminants possibly present in the packaging can also be identified with this technique.
authors.affiliation: PHYTOLAB laboratory, Scientific and Technological Pole, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 FIorence, Italy; DiSIA - Department of Statistics, Computer Sciences and Applications, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 59, 50134 Florence, Italy. Electronic address: francesca.ieri@unifi.it.
authors.forename: Ieri
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Francesca
authors.affiliation: PHYTOLAB laboratory, Scientific and Technological Pole, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 FIorence, Italy; DiSIA - Department of Statistics, Computer Sciences and Applications, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 59, 50134 Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Pinelli
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Patrizia
authors.affiliation: DISPAA - Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Science - University of Florence, Piazzale Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Calamai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Luca
authors.affiliation: HEINZ ITALIA S.p.A., Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Marotta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Federico
authors.affiliation: PHYTOLAB laboratory, Scientific and Technological Pole, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 FIorence, Italy; DiSIA - Department of Statistics, Computer Sciences and Applications, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 59, 50134 Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Romani
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Annalisa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D041943:Infant Formula / Q000737:chemistry*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D011208:Powders / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D011208:Powders; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds
keywords: Baby food; Food analysis; Laboratory test; Lipid oxidation; Solid sample