title: World Workshop on Oral Medicine VI: a systematic review of the treatment of mucous membrane pemphigoid.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy and safety of interventions for mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a systematic review from 2003 to 2013 according to the Cochrane Collaboration methodology. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or controlled clinical trials and observational studies were included, with diagnosis confirmed by clinical, histopathologic, and immunofluorescence criteria. The primary outcome was lesion remission or healing; several relevant secondary outcomes were also included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the final analysis, 1 RCT and 32 observational studies were included. The one included RCT with a high risk of bias in multiple domains found limited evidence that pentoxifylline, combined with corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide, was more effective than standard therapy (corticosteroid + cyclophosphamide alone) for ocular MMP. We summarize here the outcomes from 32 observational studies examining 242 patients across 19 unique treatments. Interventions that show promise include rituximab and intravenous immunoglobulin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This systematic review is the most recent since 2003-2009. There is still lack of high-quality research providing evidence-based MMP treatments.
authors.affiliation: SPR Oral Medicine, University Dental Hospital of Manchester, Higher Cambridge Street, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Consultant and Honorary Clinical Teaching Fellow in Oral Medicine and Facial Pain, Eastman Dental Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McMillan
authors.affiliation: SPR Oral Medicine, Eastman Dental Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shephard
authors.affiliation: Reader/Honorary Consultant in Dermatology in relation to Oral Disease, Department of Oral Medicine and St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Setterfield
authors.affiliation: Center For Blistering Diseases, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Professor of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carrozzo
authors.affiliation: Professor, Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grando
authors.affiliation: Head of the Oral Medicine Complex Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences - Head and Neck Clinical Section, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mignogna
authors.affiliation: Oral Medicine Resident, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuten-Shorrer
authors.affiliation: Orofacial Pain Resident, Orofacial Pain Center, University of Kentucky College of Dentistry, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Musbah
authors.affiliation: Oral Medicine Section, Department of Surgical Sciences, Lingotto Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elia
authors.affiliation: Research Librarian, Adjunct Assistant Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McGowan
authors.affiliation: Clinical Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, New York University College of Dentistry, New York City, New York, USA.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.affiliation: Professor Emeritus, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.affiliation: Consultant in Oral Medicine/Honorary Senior Clinical Lecturer, Divisional Clinical Director, Eastman Dental Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hodgson
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, New York University College of Dentistry, New York City, New York, USA. Electronic address: ds62@nyu.edu.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sirois
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003622:Dapsone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010390:Pemphigoid, Benign Mucous Membrane / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D003622:Dapsone