title: Post-exposure temperature influence on the toxicity of conventional and new chemistry insecticides to green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae).
abstract: Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) is an important biological control agent currently being used in many integrated pest management (IPM) programs to control insect pests. The effect of post-treatment temperature on insecticide toxicity of a spinosyn (spinosad), pyrethroid (lambda cyhalothrin), organophosphate (chlorpyrifos) and new chemistry (acetamiprid) to C. carnea larvae was investigated under laboratory conditions. Temperature coefficients of each insecticide tested were evaluated. From 20 to 40 °C, toxicity of lambda cyhalothrin and spinosad decreased by 2.15- and 1.87-fold while toxicity of acetamiprid and chlorpyrifos increased by 2.00 and 1.79-fold, respectively. The study demonstrates that pesticide effectiveness may vary according to environmental conditions. In cropping systems where multiple insecticide products are used, attention should be given to temperature variation as a key factor in making pest management strategies safer for biological control agents. Insecticides with a negative temperature coefficient may play a constructive role to conserve C. carnea populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Mudassir
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mansoor
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Afzal
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Abu Bakar M
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Raza
authors.affiliation: Cane Development Cell, Fatima Sugar Mills Pvt. Ltd, Muzaffargarh District, Punjab, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Zeeshan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Akram
authors.affiliation: Cane Development Cell, Fatima Sugar Mills Pvt. Ltd, Muzaffargarh District, Punjab, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Adil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Waqar
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Babar Shahzad
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Afzal
keywords: Biological control; Chrysoperla carnea; Insecticide; Temperature coefficient