title: Human infection with an avian influenza A (H9N2) virus in the middle region of China.
abstract: During the epidemic period of the novel H7N9 viruses, an influenza A (H9N2) virus was isolated from a 7-year-old boy with influenza-like illness in Yongzhou city of Hunan province in November 2013. To identify the possible source of infection, environmental specimens collected from local live poultry markets epidemiologically linked to the human case in Yongzhou city were tested for influenza type A and its subtypes H5, H7, and H9 using real-time RT-PCR methods as well as virus isolation, and four other H9N2 viruses were isolated. The real-time RT-PCR results showed that the environment was highly contaminated with avian influenza H9 subtype viruses (18.0%). Sequencing analyses revealed that the virus isolated from the patient, which was highly similar (98.5-99.8%) to one of isolates from environment in complete genome sequences, was of avian origin. Based on phylogenetic and antigenic analyses, it belonged to genotype S and Y280 lineage. In addition, the virus exhibited high homology (95.7-99.5%) of all six internal gene lineages with the novel H7N9 and H10N8 viruses which caused epidemic and endemic in China. Meanwhile, it carried several mammalian adapted molecular residues including Q226L in HA protein, L13P in PB1 protein, K356R, S409N in PA protein, V15I in M1 protein, I28V, L55F in M2 protein, and E227K in NS protein. These findings reinforce the significance of continuous surveillance of H9N2 influenza viruses.
authors.affiliation: Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Yiwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaodan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Yongzhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yongzhou, China.
authors.forename: Bozhong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Yongzhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yongzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yonglin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wenfei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Shixiong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Siyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Yongzhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yongzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yunli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Xingyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Fangcai
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Wenchao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Lidong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D058872:Epidemics; D016679:Genome, Viral; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D065926:Influenza A Virus, H10N8 Subtype / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D064766:Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D053127:Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D010802:Phylogeny; D011200:Poultry; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins
keywords: H9N2; avian influenza virus; human infection; phylogenetic analysis