title: Glycosaminoglycans in Tendon Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Therapy.
abstract: Although glycosaminoglycans constitute a minor portion of native tissues, they play a crucial role in various physiological processes, while their abnormal expression is associated with numerous pathophysiologies. Glycosaminoglycans have become increasingly prevalent in biomaterial design for tendon repair, given their low immunogenicity and their inherent capacity to stimulate the regenerative processes, while maintaining resident cell phenotype and function. Further, their incorporation into three-dimensional scaffold conformations significantly improves their mechanical properties, while reducing the formation of peritendinous adhesions. Herein, we discuss the role of glycosaminoglycans in tendon physiology and pathophysiology and the advancements achieved to date using glycosaminoglycan-functionalized scaffolds for tendon repair and regeneration. It is evidenced that glycosaminoglycan functionalization has led to many improvements in tendon tissue engineering and it is anticipated to play a pivotal role in future reparative therapies.
authors.forename: Christina N M
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sorushanova
authors.forename: Alex J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lomas
authors.affiliation: ∥Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Ireland.
authors.forename: Anne Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mullen
authors.forename: Abhay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pandit
authors.forename: Dimitrios I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Zeugolis
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D012038:Regeneration; D044968:Regenerative Medicine / Q000379:methods; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D013710:Tendons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D006025:Glycosaminoglycans