title: [Update on the diagnosis of PCa in urine. The current role of urine markers].
abstract: Prostate cancer (PCa) is still a main health issue, in fact it is responsible for 10% of cancer deaths across Europe. The morphology of the prostate gland makes urine an ideal sample, non invasive, for determination both diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. We use urinary PCA3 levels to indicate a prostate biopsy, and it is the only urinary biomarkers in PCa with FDA approval for clinical use. Many other biomarkers based on the expression of specific genes of PCa are being studied and validated, for instance the fusion gene TMPRSS2-ERG with a commercial kit available, while another approach is to test the expression of a panel of genes. An emerging focus of research, which deserves attention, is miRNAs. Other newer approaches such as epigenetics, proteomics and metabolomics also would be very useful in the future for the development and validation of new biomarkers. In this paper we review the state of the art in the field of urinary biomarkers in PCa.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biología Molecular.Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología.Valencia. España.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Serra
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biología Molecular.Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología.Valencia. España.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Casanova-Salas
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biología Molecular.Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología.Valencia. España.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rubio
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Anatomía Patológica. Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología.Valencia. España.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calatrava
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biología Molecular.Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología.Valencia. España.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García-Flores
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biología Molecular.Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología.Valencia. España.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: García-Casado
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biología Molecular.Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología.Valencia. España.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: López-Guerrero
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Urología de la Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología. Valencia. España.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rubio-Briones
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor