title: Syzygium cumini seed extract ameliorates adenosine deaminase activity and biochemical parameters but does not alter insulin sensitivity and pancreas architecture in a short-term model of diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effects of the aqueous seed extract of Syzygium cumini (ASc) in a short-term model of diabetes in rats are little explored. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of the ASc on adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity and on biochemical and histopathological parameters in diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  ASc (100 mg/kg) was administered for 21 days in control and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced (60 mg/kg) diabetic rats. ADA activity, lipoperoxidation (cerebral cortex, kidney, liver and pancreas) and biochemical (serum) and histopathological (pancreas) parameters were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The main findings in this short-term model of Diabetes mellitus (DM) were that the ASc (i) significantly reverted the increase of ADA activity in serum and kidney; (ii) ameliorated the lipoperoxidation in the cerebral cortex and pancreas of the diabetic group; (iii) demonstrated hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic properties and recovered the liver glycogen; and iv) prevented the HOMA-IR index increase in the diabetic group. Therefore, the ASc can be a positive factor for increasing the availability of substrates with significant protective actions, such as adenosine. Moreover, by maintaining glycogen and HOMA-IR levels, the extract could modulate the hyperglycemic state through the direct peripheral glucose uptake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data revealed that the short-term treatment with ASc has an important protective role under pathophysiological conditions caused by the early stage of DM. These results enhance our understanding of the effect of the ASc on the purinergic system in DM.
authors.forename: Paula Eliete Rodrigues
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Bitencourt
authors.forename: Karine Santos De
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Bona
authors.forename: Lariane Oliveira
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Cargnelutti
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bonfanti
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pigatto
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boligon
authors.forename: Margareth L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Athayde
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pierezan
authors.forename: Régis Adriel
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Zanette
authors.forename: Maria Beatriz
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Moretto
mesh_terms: D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000187:drug effects*; D058892:Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D001938:Brazil; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D027842:Syzygium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D058892:Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitors; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase