title: Sinonasal extramedullary plasmacytoma: a population-based incidence and survival analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sinonasal extramedullary plasmacytoma (SN-EMP) is a rare plasma cell neoplasm. Published literature on this tumor largely consists of case reports and case-series with small sample sizes. This study analyzed population-based data on SN-EMP patients to understand demographic and clinical features as well as incidence and survival trends.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was queried for SN-EMP and other head and neck EMP (HN-EMP) cases from 1973 to 2011. Cases were analyzed to determine patient demographics, initial treatment modality, and survival outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 778 patients identified with EMP in the head and neck region, 367 patients had SN-EMP and 411 had other HN-EMP. There was a strong male predilection found, with a male-to-female ratio of 3.65:1 in the SN-EMP group and 1.87:1 in the other HN-EMP group. The majority of the patients presented with localized disease in both SN-EMP (84.4%) and other HN-EMP (81.0%) groups. The most common treatment modality reported in this database was surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy in both SN-EMP (46.3%) and other HN-EMP (38.9%) groups, followed by radiotherapy alone (SN-EMP: 40.7%; other HN-EMP: 34.2%). Five-year and 10-year disease-specific survival rates were comparable between SN-EMP (88.2% and 83.3%, respectively) and other HN-EMP (90.0% and 87.4%, respectively) (p = 0.6016 and p = 0.4015, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study analyzed the largest cohort of SN-EMP patients to date. There was no statistically significant survival advantage found for any 1 particular treatment modality over other treatment modalities in both SN-EMP and other HN-EMP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ.
authors.forename: Tapan D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vázquez
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ.
authors.forename: Moaz M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Choudhary
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kam
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ.|Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Neurological Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ.
authors.forename: Soly
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baredes
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ.|Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Neurological Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ.|Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ.
authors.forename: Jean Anderson
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Eloy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010954:Plasmacytoma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: SEER; demographic; disease-specific survival; extramedullary plasmacytoma; incidence; relative survival; sinonasal malignancy