title: Glucose concentration alters dissolved oxygen levels in liquid cultures of Beauveria bassiana and affects formation and bioefficacy of blastospores.
abstract: The filamentous fungus Beauveria bassiana is an economically important pathogen of numerous arthropod pests and is able to grow in submerged culture as filaments (mycelia) or as budding yeast-like blastospores. In this study, we evaluated the effect of dissolved oxygen and high glucose concentrations on blastospore production by submerged cultures of two isolates of B. bassiana, ESALQ1432 and GHA. Results showed that maintaining adequate dissolved oxygen levels coupled with high glucose concentrations enhanced blastospore yields by both isolates. High glucose concentrations increased the osmotic pressure of the media and coincided with higher dissolved oxygen levels and increased production of significantly smaller blastospores compared with blastospores produced in media with lower concentrations of glucose. The desiccation tolerance of blastospores dried to less than 2.6 % moisture was not affected by the glucose concentration of the medium but was isolate dependent. Blastospores of isolate ESALQ1432 produced in media containing 140 g glucose L(-1) showed greater virulence toward whitefly nymphs (Bemisia tabaci) as compared with blastospores produced in media containing 40 g glucose L(-1). These results suggest a synergistic effect between glucose concentration and oxygen availability on changing morphology and enhancing the yield and efficacy of blastospores of B. bassiana, thereby facilitating the development of a cost-effective production method for this blastospore-based bioinsecticide.
authors.affiliation: EMBRAPA Rice and Beans, Rodovia GO-462, km 12, Zona Rural, C.P. 179, Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO, 75375-000, Brazil, gabriel.mascarin@embrapa.br.
authors.forename: Gabriel Moura
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Mascarin
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Nilce Naomi
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Kobori
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Behle
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Dunlap
authors.forename: Ítalo
authors.initials: Í
authors.lastname: Delalibera Júnior
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D052982:Beauveria / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry*; D003890:Desiccation; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology; D050296:Microbial Viability; D009758:Nymph / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis*; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D005947:Glucose; D010100:Oxygen