title: Development and Validation of Electronic Health Record-based Triggers to Detect Delays in Follow-up of Abnormal Lung Imaging Findings.
abstract: Purpose To develop an electronic health record (EHR)-based trigger algorithm to identify delays in follow-up of patients with imaging results that are suggestive of lung cancer and to validate this trigger on retrospective data. Materials and Methods The local institutional review board approved the study. A "trigger" algorithm was developed to automate the detection of delays in diagnostic evaluation of chest computed tomographic (CT) images and conventional radiographs that were electronically flagged by reviewing radiologists as being "suspicious for malignancy." The trigger algorithm was developed through literature review and expert input. It included patients who were alive and 40-70 years old, and it excluded instances in which appropriate timely follow-up (defined as occurring within 30 days) was detected (eg, pulmonary visit) or when follow-up was unnecessary (eg, in patients with a terminal illness). The algorithm was iteratively applied to a retrospective test cohort in an EHR data warehouse at a large Veterans Affairs facility, and manual record reviews were used to validate each individual criterion. The final algorithm aimed at detecting an absence of timely follow-up was retrospectively applied to an independent validation cohort to determine the positive predictive value (PPV). Trigger performance, time to follow-up, reasons for lack of follow-up, and cancer outcomes were analyzed and reported by using descriptive statistics. Results The trigger algorithm was retrospectively applied to the records of 89 168 patients seen between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2009. Of 538 records with an imaging report that was flagged as suspicious for malignancy, 131 were identified by the trigger as being high risk for delayed diagnostic evaluation. Manual chart reviews confirmed a true absence of follow-up in 75 cases (trigger PPV of 57.3% for detecting evaluation delays), of which four received a diagnosis of primary lung cancer within the subsequent 2 years. Conclusion EHR-based triggers can be used to identify patients with suspicious imaging findings in whom follow-up diagnostic evaluation was delayed. (©) RSNA, 2015.
authors.affiliation: From the Houston Veterans Affairs Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 2002 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 (D.R.M., A.N.D.M., H.S.); Section of Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (D.R.M., A.N.D.M., H.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Houston Medical School, Houston, Tex (E.J.T.); and UT-Memorial Hermann Center for Healthcare Quality and Safety, Houston, Tex (E.J.T.).
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.affiliation: From the Houston Veterans Affairs Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 2002 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 (D.R.M., A.N.D.M., H.S.); Section of Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (D.R.M., A.N.D.M., H.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Houston Medical School, Houston, Tex (E.J.T.); and UT-Memorial Hermann Center for Healthcare Quality and Safety, Houston, Tex (E.J.T.).
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: From the Houston Veterans Affairs Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 2002 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 (D.R.M., A.N.D.M., H.S.); Section of Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (D.R.M., A.N.D.M., H.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Houston Medical School, Houston, Tex (E.J.T.); and UT-Memorial Hermann Center for Healthcare Quality and Safety, Houston, Tex (E.J.T.).
authors.forename: Ashley N D
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: From the Houston Veterans Affairs Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 2002 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 (D.R.M., A.N.D.M., H.S.); Section of Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (D.R.M., A.N.D.M., H.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Houston Medical School, Houston, Tex (E.J.T.); and UT-Memorial Hermann Center for Healthcare Quality and Safety, Houston, Tex (E.J.T.).
authors.forename: Hardeep
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D057210:Delayed Diagnosis; D057286:Electronic Health Records; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed