title: Pictorial Review and Basic Principles of Foot and Ankle Hardware Extraction.
abstract: This pictorial review presents basic principles of the types of hardware extraction commonly encountered in foot and ankle surgical practice. We review the indications, contraindications and complications of hardware removal including pain, intra-articular fixation, and carcinogenesis, as well as special considerations in pediatric patients and in the setting of infection. Figures are then used to describe the appropriate techniques for use of the screwdriver shafts, conical extraction screws, extraction bolts, hollow reamers, and other instruments found in most hardware extraction sets.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therapeutic, Level V: Expert opinion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Podiatric Surgery, Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Wagoner
authors.affiliation: Department of Podiatric Surgery, Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Corine L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Creech
authors.affiliation: Department of Podiatric Surgery, Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Christine K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Nolan
authors.affiliation: Department of Podiatric Surgery, Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ajmeyr@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Meyr
mesh_terms: D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000601:surgery; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000601:surgery; D001860:Bone Plates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001863:Bone Screws / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020878:Device Removal / Q000379:methods*; D004868:Equipment Failure; D018409:Foot Injuries / Q000601:surgery; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000295:instrumentation*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans
keywords: broken screw; conical extraction screw; extraction bolt; hardware failure; hollow reamer; orthopedic implant; surgical complication