title: Automatic On-line Solid-phase Extraction-Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Exploiting Sequential Injection Analysis for Trace Vanadium, Cadmium and Lead Determination in Human Urine Samples.
abstract: A fully automated sequential injection column preconcentration method for the on-line determination of trace vanadium, cadmium and lead in urine samples was successfully developed, utilizing electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). Polyamino-polycarboxylic acid chelating resin (Nobias chelate PA-1) packed into a handmade minicolumn was used as a sorbent material. Effective on-line retention of chelate complexes of analytes was achieved at pH 6.0, while the highest elution effectiveness was observed with 1.0 mol L(-1) HNO3 in the reverse phase. Several analytical parameters, like the sample acidity, concentration and volume of the eluent as well as the loading/elution flow rates, have been studied, regarding the efficiency of the method, providing appropriate conditions for the analysis of real samples. For a 4.5 mL sample volume, the sampling frequency was 27 h(-1). The detection limits were found to be 3.0, 0.06 and 2.0 ng L(-1) for V(V), Cd(II) and Pb(II), respectively, with the relative standard deviations ranging between 1.9 - 3.7%. The accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated by analyzing a certified reference material (Seronorm(TM) trace elements urine) and spiked urine samples.
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giakisikli
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ayala Quezada
authors.forename: Junpei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Aristidis N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Anthemidis
authors.forename: Hiroya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Teshima
authors.forename: Tadao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakai
mesh_terms: D001331:Automation; D002104:Cadmium / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000652:urine*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013696:Temperature; D014639:Vanadium / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D014639:Vanadium; D007854:Lead