title: Novel monoclonal antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2: development and application in rapid diagnostic tests of malaria in hyperendemic regions of China and Myanmar.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Malaria presents a considerable threat to public health. Histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP 2) is the major protein released into human blood upon infection by Plasmodium falciparum. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity of HRP 2 exon II and the efficacy of novel monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against HRP 2 for Point-of-Care Test (POCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  The recombinant protein was expressed in soluble form in E. coli and used to immunize mice for mAb production. Two IgG1 mAbs (1A5 and 1C10) with high affinity, specificity and sensitivity for both native and recombinant HRP 2 were selected after fusion of mouse spleen with myeloma cells. The affinity constant of 1A5 and 1C10 were 7.15 and 4.91 × 10-7 L/mol, respectively. Subsequently, an immunochromatograhic assay was used for screening of clinical samples in endemic regions of China and Myanmar.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The immunochromatographic test retrospectively showed an overall sensitivity of 99.07%, and specificity of 100%. Sensitivity at parasite densities < 200, 200-2000, and > 2000 parasites/μL was 87.5, 98.7, and 100%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that HRP 2 exon II contains immunogenic sites similar to those of the native antigen and can be used for the development of mAbs suitable for malaria diagnosis in endemic communities.
authors.affiliation: School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China. keren_kang@hotmail.com.|National Engineering Laboratory of Point-of-Care Tests, Guangzhou Wondfo Biotech Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, 510663, China. keren_kang@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Keren
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Laboratory of Point-of-Care Tests, Guangzhou Wondfo Biotech Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, 510663, China. deek2083@yahoo.co.uk.|Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana. deek2083@yahoo.co.uk.
authors.forename: Emmanuel E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Dzakah
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Laboratory of Point-of-Care Tests, Guangzhou Wondfo Biotech Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, 510663, China. lwm@wondfo.com.cn.
authors.forename: Wenmei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China. xmq@scut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Mingquan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China. xcluo@scut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaochun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Provincial Center for Parasitic Diseases Control and Prevention (NIPD), Yunnan, 650000, China. liubible@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D002681:China; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity / Q000379:methods*; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000175:diagnosis*; D051379:Mice; D002052:Myanmar; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; C514457:HRP-2 antigen, Plasmodium falciparum; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D015800:Protozoan Proteins