title: Temporary dietary iron restriction affects the process of thrombus resolution in a rat model of deep vein thrombosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a major cause of pulmonary thromboembolism and sudden death. Thus, it is important to consider the pathophysiology of DVT. Recently, iron has been reported to be associated with thrombotic diseases. Hence, in this study, we investigate the effects of dietary iron restriction on the process of thrombus resolution in a rat model of DVT.
  
  
  METHODS
  We induced DVT in 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats by performing ligations of their inferior venae cavae. The rats were then given either a normal diet (DVT group) or an iron-restricted diet (DVT+IR group). Thrombosed inferior venae cavae were harvested at 5 days after ligation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The iron-restricted diet reduced venous thrombus size compared to the normal diet. Intrathrombotic collagen content was diminished in the DVT+IR group compared to the DVT group. In addition, intrathrombotic gene expression and the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 were increased in the DVT+IR group compared to the DVT group. Furthermore, the DVT+IR group had greater intrathrombotic neovascularization as well as higher gene expression levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and tissue-type plasminogen activator than the DVT group. The iron-restricted diet decreased intrathrombotic superoxide production compared to the normal diet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that dietary iron restriction affects the process of thrombus resolution in DVT.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Makiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oboshi
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirotani
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwasaku
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okuhara
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Morisawa
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiyo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eguchi
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mano
authors.affiliation: Division of Coronary Heart Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masuyama
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000276:immunology; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005341:Fibrinolysin / Q000378:metabolism; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D019266:Iron, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D019266:Iron, Dietary; D013481:Superoxides; D003094:Collagen; D007501:Iron; D005341:Fibrinolysin