title: Body image dissatisfaction and eating-related psychopathology in trans individuals: a matched control study.
abstract: High levels of body dissatisfaction have already been reported in the trans population; however, the root of this dissatisfaction, and its association with eating disordered behaviours, has not been studied in-depth. This study aims to assess eating disorder risk by comparing 200 trans people, 200 people with eating disorders and 200 control participants' scores on three subscales of the Eating Disorders Inventory-2 (EDI-2) and to further explore dissatisfaction in the trans participants using the Hamburg Body Drawing Scale (HBDS). The results showed that overall participants with eating disorders scored higher than trans or control groups on all EDI-2 measures, but that trans individuals had greater body dissatisfaction than control participants and, importantly, trans males had comparable body dissatisfaction scores to eating disordered males. Drive for thinness was greater in females (cis and trans) compared with males. In relation to HBDS body dissatisfaction, both trans males and trans females reported greatest dissatisfaction not only for gender-identifying body parts but also for body shape and weight. Overall, trans males may be at particular risk for eating disordered psychopathology and other body image-related behaviours.
authors.affiliation: School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
authors.forename: Gemma L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Witcomb
authors.affiliation: Nottingham Centre for Gender Dysphoria, Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Walter Pierre
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Bouman
authors.affiliation: Leicestershire Adult Eating Disorder Service, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brewin
authors.affiliation: Nottingham Centre for Gender Dysphoria, Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Nottingham, UK.|Charing Cross Gender Identity Clinic, London, UK.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición CIBERObn, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2968-9898
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Aranda
authors.affiliation: School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.|Nottingham Centre for Gender Dysphoria, Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Nottingham, UK.|Leicestershire Adult Eating Disorder Service, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arcelus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D057215:Body Dysmorphic Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D001835:Body Weight; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004328:Drive; D004644:Emotions; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011599:Psychopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013851:Thinness / Q000523:psychology; D014189:Transsexualism / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: body dissatisfaction; drive for thinness; eating disorder risk; trans; transsexual