title: In vitro platelet activation, aggregation and platelet-granulocyte complex formation induced by surface modified single-walled carbon nanotubes.
abstract: Surface modification of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) such as carboxylation, amidation, hydroxylation and pegylation is used to reduce the nanotube toxicity and render them more suitable for biomedical applications than their pristine counterparts. Toxicity can be manifested in platelet activation as it has been shown for SWCNTs. However, the effect of various surface modifications on the platelet activating potential of SWCNTs has not been tested yet. In vitro platelet activation (CD62P) as well as the platelet-granulocyte complex formation (CD15/CD41 double positivity) in human whole blood were measured by flow cytometry in the presence of 0.1mg/ml of pristine or various surface modified SWCNTs. The effect of various SWCNTs was tested by whole blood impedance aggregometry, too. All tested SWCNTs but the hydroxylated ones activate platelets and promote platelet-granulocyte complex formation in vitro. Carboxylated, pegylated and pristine SWCNTs induce whole blood aggregation as well. Although pegylation is preferred from biomedical point of view, among the samples tested by us pegylated SWCNTs induced far the most prominent activation and a well detectable aggregation of platelets in whole blood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Scientific Research Institute, Military Hospital, Hungarian Defence Forces, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: János
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fent
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Scientific Research Institute, Military Hospital, Hungarian Defence Forces, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Péter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bihari
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Minnamari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vippola
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Essi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sarlin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Scientific Research Institute, Military Hospital, Hungarian Defence Forces, Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: latyakos24@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lakatos
mesh_terms: D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon
keywords: CD62P; Engineered nanomaterials; Pegylated single-walled carbon nanotubes; SWCNTs; Surface modified nanotubes