title: Cranberry flavonoids prevent toxic rat liver mitochondrial damage in vivo and scavenge free radicals in vitro.
abstract: The present study was undertaken for further elucidation of the mechanisms of flavonoid biological activity, focusing on the antioxidative and protective effects of cranberry flavonoids in free radical-generating systems and those on mitochondrial ultrastructure during carbon tetrachloride-induced rat intoxication. Treatment of rats with cranberry flavonoids (7 mg/kg) during chronic carbon tetrachloride-induced intoxication led to prevention of mitochondrial damage, including fragmentation, rupture and local loss of the outer mitochondrial membrane. In radical-generating systems, cranberry flavonoids effectively scavenged nitric oxide (IC50  = 4.4 ± 0.4 µg/ml), superoxide anion radicals (IC50  = 2.8 ± 0.3 µg/ml) and hydroxyl radicals (IC50  = 53 ± 4 µg/ml). The IC50 for reduction of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH) was 2.2 ± 0.3 µg/ml. Flavonoids prevented to some extent lipid peroxidation in liposomal membranes and glutathione oxidation in erythrocytes treated with UV irradiation or organic hydroperoxides as well as decreased the rigidity of the outer leaflet of the liposomal membranes. The hepatoprotective potential of cranberry flavonoids could be due to specific prevention of rat liver mitochondrial damage. The mitochondria-addressed effects of flavonoids might be related both to radical-scavenging properties and modulation of various mitochondrial events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Grodno, Belarus.
authors.forename: Elena A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Lapshina
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zamaraeva
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Grodno, Belarus.
authors.forename: Vitali T
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Cheshchevik
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Olchowik-Grabarek
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Szymon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sekowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Izabela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zukowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Grodno, Belarus.
authors.forename: Nina G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Golovach
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Grodno, Belarus.
authors.forename: Vasili N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Burd
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Grodno, Belarus.
authors.forename: Ilya B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Zavodnik
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002252:Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008930:Mitochondria, Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D029799:Vaccinium macrocarpon / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005609:Free Radicals; D010936:Plant Extracts; D009569:Nitric Oxide
keywords: cranberry flavonoids; liver; melatonin; mitochondria; radical scavenging activity