title: Prevalence of celiac disease in Indian patients with irritable bowel syndrome and uninvestigated dyspepsia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The clinical spectrum of celiac disease (CeD) is wide and its symptoms overlap with those of functional bowel diseases. This study aimed to investigate the relationship among gluten-related disorders, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and uninvestigated dyspepsia in Indian patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with IBS and uninvestigated dyspepsia (using Rome III criteria) were tested for immunoglobulin A (IgA) anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG) antibody and anti-gliadin antibody (AGA). Those with positive anti-tTG antibody were evaluated for the presence of villous abnormalities. Patients who were only IgA AGA-positive were considered to have gluten sensitivity and those with positive anti-tTG antibody and villous atrophy were considered to have CeD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 362 patients with IBS, 22 (6.1%) had positive anti-tTG antibody, among whom 3 (0.8%) had CeD and 19 had potential CeD. Of 358 patients with uninvestigated dyspepsia, 18 (5.0%) were anti-tTG antibody-positive and among them 4 (1.1%) had CeD and 14 had potential CeD. AGA was positive in 104 (28.7%) patients with IBS and 68 (19.0%) with uninvestigated dyspepsia, suggesting the presence of gluten sensitivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study highlights the relationship between IBS or dyspepsia and CeD or gluten sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Hanish
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Anil K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.affiliation: Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Prasenjit
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Siddhartha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dattagupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Vineet
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ahuja
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Govind K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Makharia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D001706:Biopsy; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004386:Duodenum / Q000473:pathology; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D005903:Gliadin / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D043183:Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D005903:Gliadin; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D011503:Transglutaminases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins
keywords: celiac disease; dyspepsia; irritable bowel syndrome; non-celiac gluten sensitivity