title: Smoking behaviors and intentions among adolescents in rural China: the application of the Theory of Planned Behavior and the role of social influence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study investigated the associations between the variables of the theory of planned behavior (TPB), influence of significant others, and smoking intentions and behaviors among adolescents living in rural southern China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted among 2609 students in two junior high schools in rural Shantou, Guangdong province, using a self-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression models were fitted to estimate univariate and adjusted odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate analyses showed that having favorable attitudes towards smoking on psychological and social aspects, perceived behavioral control, and having most friends who were current smokers were significantly associated with smoking intentions in the next six months and in the next five years. Having most family members who were current smokers was also significantly related to smoking intention in the next five years. Having favorable attitudes towards smoking on psychological aspect and negative attitudes on physical aspect, perceived support from friends on smoking, and having most friends and senior relatives being current smokers were significantly associated with increased likelihood of ever smoking. Perceived behavioral control and having most friends being current smokers were also significantly associated with regular smoking and smoking in the past 30days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that the key constructs of the TPB model and friends' smoking behaviors play important roles in accounting for smoking intentions and behaviors among a sample of rural Chinese adolescents.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, China.
authors.forename: Xuefen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Injury Prevention Research Center, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
authors.forename: Sian M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, China; Centre for Medical Anthropology and Behavioral Health, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Sun Yat-sen University, China.
authors.forename: Joseph T F
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, China. Electronic address: phoenix.mo@cuhk.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Phoenix K H
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Mo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D010379:Peer Group; D012307:Risk Factors; D012423:Rural Health; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D012919:Social Behavior; D012931:Social Environment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Chinese; Theory of Planned Behavior; adolescents; rural area; significant others; smoking; social influences