title: A systematic review of multisensory cognitive-affective integration in schizophrenia.
abstract: The etymology of schizophrenia implies poor functional integration of sensory, cognitive and affective processes. Multisensory integration (MSI) is a spontaneous perceptual-cognitive process by which relevant information from multiple sensory modalities is extracted to generate a holistic experience. Deficits in MSI may hinder prompt and appropriate behavioural responses in a complex and transient environment. Despite extensive investigation of sensory, cognitive and affective processing in patients with schizophrenia, little is known about how MSI is affected in the illness. We systemically searched the PubMed electronic database and reviewed twenty-nine behavioural and neuroimaging studies examining MSI in patients with schizophrenia. The available evidence indicates impaired MSI for non-emotional stimuli in schizophrenia, especially for linguistic information. There is also evidence for altered MSI for emotional stimuli, although findings are inconsistent and may be modality-specific. Brain functional alterations in the superior temporal cortex and inferior frontal cortex appear to underlie the deficits in both non-emotional and emotional MSI. The limitations of the experimental paradigms used and directions for future research are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Ju Shan Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan. Electronic address: socwind@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Huai-Hsuan
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Matthijs G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Bossong
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Modinos
authors.affiliation: Science Education Center, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuan-Ming
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McGuire
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Allen
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D010465:Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Congruent facilitation; Emotion; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Incongruent interference; Multi-sensory integration; Schizophrenia