title: WHIRLY1 Functions in the Control of Responses to Nitrogen Deficiency But Not Aphid Infestation in Barley.
abstract: WHIRLY1 is largely targeted to plastids, where it is a major constituent of the nucleoids. To explore WHIRLY1 functions in barley (Hordeum vulgare), RNA interference-knockdown lines (W1-1, W1-7, and W1-9) that have very low levels of HvWHIRLY1 transcripts were characterized in plants grown under optimal and stress conditions. The WHIRLY1-1 (W1-1), W1-7, and W1-9 plants were phenotypically similar to the wild type but produced fewer tillers and seeds. Photosynthesis rates were similar in all lines, but W1-1, W1-7, and W1-9 leaves had significantly more chlorophyll and less sucrose than the wild type. Transcripts encoding specific subsets of chloroplast-localized proteins, such as ribosomal proteins, subunits of the RNA polymerase, and thylakoid nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced) and cytochrome b6/f complexes, were much more abundant in the W1-7 leaves than the wild type. Although susceptibility of aphid (Myzus persicae) infestation was similar in all lines, the WHIRLY1-deficient plants showed altered responses to nitrogen deficiency, maintaining higher photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rates than the wild type under limiting nitrogen. Although all lines showed globally similar low nitrogen-dependent changes in transcripts and metabolites, the increased abundance of FAR-RED IMPAIRED RESPONSE1-like transcripts in nitrogen-deficient W1-7 leaves infers that WHIRLY1 has a role in communication between plastid and nuclear genes encoding photosynthetic proteins during abiotic stress.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (G.C., B.R., B.K., B.M.G., C.H.F.); andCell and Molecular Sciences (J.M., P.E.H., R.D.H.) and Information and Computational Sciences (S.R.V., M.B.), The James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Comadira
authors.affiliation: Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (G.C., B.R., B.K., B.M.G., C.H.F.); andCell and Molecular Sciences (J.M., P.E.H., R.D.H.) and Information and Computational Sciences (S.R.V., M.B.), The James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Brwa
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rasool
authors.affiliation: Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (G.C., B.R., B.K., B.M.G., C.H.F.); andCell and Molecular Sciences (J.M., P.E.H., R.D.H.) and Information and Computational Sciences (S.R.V., M.B.), The James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kaprinska
authors.affiliation: Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (G.C., B.R., B.K., B.M.G., C.H.F.); andCell and Molecular Sciences (J.M., P.E.H., R.D.H.) and Information and Computational Sciences (S.R.V., M.B.), The James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Belén Márquez
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1491-7736
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: García
authors.affiliation: Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (G.C., B.R., B.K., B.M.G., C.H.F.); andCell and Molecular Sciences (J.M., P.E.H., R.D.H.) and Information and Computational Sciences (S.R.V., M.B.), The James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.affiliation: Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (G.C., B.R., B.K., B.M.G., C.H.F.); andCell and Molecular Sciences (J.M., P.E.H., R.D.H.) and Information and Computational Sciences (S.R.V., M.B.), The James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Susan R
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4256-4034
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Verrall
authors.affiliation: Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (G.C., B.R., B.K., B.M.G., C.H.F.); andCell and Molecular Sciences (J.M., P.E.H., R.D.H.) and Information and Computational Sciences (S.R.V., M.B.), The James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Micha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bayer
authors.affiliation: Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (G.C., B.R., B.K., B.M.G., C.H.F.); andCell and Molecular Sciences (J.M., P.E.H., R.D.H.) and Information and Computational Sciences (S.R.V., M.B.), The James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Peter E
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0866-324X
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Hedley
authors.affiliation: Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (G.C., B.R., B.K., B.M.G., C.H.F.); andCell and Molecular Sciences (J.M., P.E.H., R.D.H.) and Information and Computational Sciences (S.R.V., M.B.), The James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5465-3814
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Hancock
authors.affiliation: Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (G.C., B.R., B.K., B.M.G., C.H.F.); andCell and Molecular Sciences (J.M., P.E.H., R.D.H.) and Information and Computational Sciences (S.R.V., M.B.), The James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom c.foyer@leeds.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Christine H
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5989-6989
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Foyer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001042:Aphids / Q000502:physiology*; D005740:Gases / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D001467:Hordeum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology*; D055442:Metabolome / Q000187:drug effects; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010641:Phenotype; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000469:parasitology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005740:Gases; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D009584:Nitrogen