title: Dieckol, a major phlorotannin in Ecklonia cava, suppresses lipid accumulation in the adipocytes of high-fat diet-fed zebrafish and mice: Inhibition of early adipogenesis via cell-cycle arrest and AMPKα activation.
abstract: METHODS
  Dieckol is a major polyphenol of Ecklonia cava. This study demonstrates a mechanistic role for dieckol in the suppression of lipid accumulation using three models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mice were split into four experimental groups (n = 10 per group): normal diet, high-fat diet (HFD), and dieckol-supplemented diets. Dieckol-supplemented mice groups showed a significant decrease of body weight gain (38%) as well as fats of organs including epididymal (45%) compared with a HFD-fed group. LDL cholesterol level was reduced by 55% in dieckol-supplemented group. Adipogenic factors and lipid synthetic enzymes were analyzed via real-time PCR or immunoblotting. Dieckol regulated mRNA expressions of early adipogenic genes in 3T3-L1 cells. These results were reflected in downregulation of late adipogenic factors, resulting in a decrease in triacylglycerol content. These data were also verified in zebrafish and mouse models. Dieckol activated AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) signaling to inhibit lipid synthesis in 3T3-L1 and mouse model. Dieckol was also shown to inhibit mitotic clonal expansion via cell-cycle arrest.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data demonstrate that dieckol inhibits lipid accumulation via activation of AMPKα signaling and cell-cycle arrest.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's University, Hwarang, Nowon, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeon-Son
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hui-Jeon
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ok-Hwan
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, South Korea.
authors.forename: Boo-Yong
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D052438:Adipocytes, White / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D050156:Adipogenesis; D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D050177:Overweight / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000459:Phaeophyceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D015290:Second Messenger Systems; D015027:Zebrafish
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D001572:Benzofurans; D021122:Protein Subunits; C503840:dieckol; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: 3T3-L1; Adipogenesis; Dieckol; Mice; Zebrafish